21 只有部分椰菜可以预防癌症
DATE=3-15-01
TITLE=SCIENCE REPORT - New Broccoli Study
BYLINE=George Grow
(Start at 58")This is the VOA Special English SCIENCE REPORT.
The vegetable (1)broccoli has a natural (2)substance that may prevent some kinds of (3)cancer. Recently, American scientists reported that not all broccoli is equal in fighting cancer. The scientists examined many different kinds of broccoli plants. They attempted to activate an (4)enzyme in the plants that may protect against some cancers.
The scientists discovered major differences among the broccoli tested. Some plants had very little of the cancer-fighting substance. Other plants had large amounts of the substance. The Journal of the American Society for (5)Horticultural Science published the findings.
Earlier studies have shown that people who eat (6)vegetables like broccoli have lower rates of colon and rectal cancers. Broccoli plants and young (7)seedlings have a chemical called glucoraphanin. They also contain a product of the chemical, called sulforaphane. Sulforaphane causes the production of enzymes that slow the growth of cancer tumors in laboratory animals.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins University in (8)Baltimore, Maryland discovered the cancer-fighting agent in broccoli nine years ago. Johns Hopkins scientists joined with the United States Agricultural Research Service to (9)organize the new study. A few years ago, the Research Service's Vegetable Laboratory in Charleston, South Carolina grew more than seventy kinds of broccoli. The scientists then examined the chemicals in each plant.
They observed (10)extreme differences in glucoraphanin levels and the activity of enzymes in the broccoli tested. Some kinds of broccoli had very small amounts of the chemical. However, others had levels about thirty times greater.
Scientists want to learn more about the different levels of glucoraphanin and sulforaphane in broccoli plants. They hope the research will help them develop new kinds of broccoli with greater levels of the (11)protective substances. They say eating such improved broccoli might result in more effective, natural (12)defenses against cancer.
American doctors say eating fruits and vegetables, including broccoli, is important for health. The National Cancer (13)Institute says people should eat at least five servings of fruits and vegetables every day.
This VOA Special English SCIENCE REPORT was written by George Grow.
(1) broccoli[ ?????????]n.椰菜
(2) substance[ ????????? ]n.物质, 实质, 主旨
(3) cancer[??????? ]n.癌, 毒瘤
(4) enzyme[???????]n.[生化]酶
(5) horticultural[ ???????????????? ]adj.园艺的
(6) vegetable[ ?????????? ]n.蔬菜, 植物, 生活呆板单调的人adj.蔬菜的, 植物的
(7) seedling[ ???????? ]n.秧苗, 树苗
(8) Baltimore[ ?????????? ]n.巴尔的摩, 美国马里兰州的一城市
(9) organize[ ????????? ]vt.组织, 使有机化, 给予生机vi.组织起来
(10) extreme[ ????????? ]adj.尽头的, 极端的, 极度的, 偏激的, 最后的n.极端, 极端的事物
(11) protective[??????????? ]adj.给予保护的, 保护的
(12) defense[ ????????]n.(D-)(美国)国防部, 防卫, 防卫物vt.谋划抵御
(13) institute[???????????? ]n.学会, 学院, 协会vt.创立, 开始, 制定, 开始(调查), 提起(诉讼)
22 防止口蹄疫的传播
DATE=3-17-01
TITLE=IN THE NEWS #472 - Foot-and-Mouth (1)Disease
BYLINE=George Grow
(Start at 1'08" )This is Steve Ember with the VOA Special English program, IN THE NEWS.
The United States and other countries this week (2)banned imports of animals and animal products from the European Union. The actions are part of an international effort to stop the spread of foot-and-mouth disease. The disease causes huge (3)economic losses for farmers and the meat industry.
Foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in pigs last month at a meat production center east of London. Since then, more than two-hundred-fifty cases of the disease have been reported in Britain and Northern (4)Ireland. The United States announced its (5)temporary ban on some E-U exports after it was discovered the disease had spread to one area of France.
E-U officials have (6)criticized the (7)restrictions. They say the ban should (8)target the affected countries, not all fifteen E-U member countries.
Foot and mouth disease affects cows, deer, goats, pigs and sheep. Animals who get the disease develop cuts in their mouths and on their feet. Many affected animals recover. However, the disease weakens them. The disease is not considered dangerous to humans. People spread the (9)virus because they carry in on their clothing and shoes.
Experts say the virus can live for long periods in the body of an animal and in animal waste products. The virus also is able to (10)survive in the air and in water and fields.
There are at least seven forms of the foot-and-mouth virus. One or more (11)versions can attack animals at the same time. An animal can suffer repeated attacks of the disease. This is because natural (12)resistance to one form of the virus does not protect it against other versions.
Experts urge farmers to watch for signs of food-and-mouth disease, such as an animal having trouble walking. Another sign of the disease is a large amount of fluid leaking from the mouth of a farm animal.
Experts say foot-and-mouth disease spreads quickly unless it is found early and stopped (13)immediately. The main method of controlling the disease is to kill animals that might be affected. Britain began destroying hundreds of thousands of healthy animals Friday to try to stop the disease from spreading.
This week, some countries banned beef imports from Argentina after foot-and-mouth disease was found there. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab (14)Emirates also reported cases of the disease.
The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization says no country can consider itself safe from the risk of foot-and-mouth disease. It is calling for international action to prevent the spread of the disease. The F-A-O (15)urges countries most at risk to strengthen controls at border crossings. It notes that vehicles and travelers can easily spread the disease. And, it advises officials to develop plans in the event the disease spreads to animals in their country.
This VOA Special English program, IN THE NEWS, was written by George Grow. This is Steve Ember.
(1) disease[ ??????? ]n.疾病, 弊病
(2) ban[????? ]n.禁令vt.禁止, 取缔(书刊等)
(3) economic[ ????????????]adj.经济(上)的, 产供销的, 经济学的
(4) Ireland[ ???????? ]n.爱尔兰
(5) temporary[ ???????????]adj.暂时的, 临时的, 临时性
(6) criticize[ ?????????? ]v.批评, 责备
(7) restriction[ ??????????? ]n.限制, 约束
(8) target[ ??????? ]n.目标, 对象, 靶子
(9) virus[ ?????????]n.[微]病毒, 滤过性微生物, 毒害, 恶毒
(10) survive[???????? ]v.幸免于, 幸存, 生还
(11) version[???????? ]n.译文, 译本, 翻译
(12) resistance[ ?????????? ]n.反抗, 抵抗, 抵抗力, 阻力, 电阻, 阻抗
(13) immediately[???????????? ]adv.立即, 马上, 直接地
(14) emirate[ ???????? ]n.阿拉伯酋长(贵族、王公)之职位或阶级, 酋长国
(15) urge[ ???? ]vt.催促, 力劝n.强烈欲望, 迫切要求v.促进
23 患爱滋病的母亲不宜母乳喂养婴儿
DATE=3-19-01
TITLE=DEVELOPMENT REPORT - Breastfeeding and AIDS
BYLINE=Jill Moss
(Start at 1'00")This is a the VOA Special English Development Report.
Some scientists believe that a mother with the disease (1)AIDS who breastfeeds her baby increases the baby's chance of getting the disease. However, a new report has found that women infected with the AIDS (2)virus put their babies in greater danger by not breastfeeding them.
Michael Latham is a professor of international (3)nutrition at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. He and another expert went to Africa last year to examine AIDS programs and policies. The two scientists spoke with government and non-government (4)officials in Kenya, Uganda, (5)Namibia and (6)Botswana. They discovered an unnecessary fear that breastfeeding causes higher cases of the H-I-V AIDS virus among babies. Instead, Mister Latham says only three to six percent of babies are likely to become infected if they receive breast milk from an infected mother.
Peter Lamptey leads AIDS prevention programs for an international public health organization in North Carolina. He says another study has results similar to Mister Latham's report. The study was done in South Africa in Nineteen-Ninety-Nine among mothers with H-I-V and their babies. The researches discovered that a baby's chances of getting H-I-V depends on what the baby is fed.
The study found that only eight percent of babies given only breast milk in their first three months of life became infected with the AIDS virus. Thirteen percent of babies given only processed milk for babies, or (7)formula, became infected. But twenty percent of babies who were given both formula and breast milk became infected with H-I-V.
Doctors call this last method "mixed feeding." They say it may cause AIDS to be (8)spread quickly from mother to baby for two reasons. First, formula may damage the walls of the baby's (9)intestine. Second, the breast milk of a mother with H-I-V can cause her baby's intestine to become even more infected.
Instead of "mixed feeding," doctors say breast milk is the best way to protect against the AIDS virus. Even if the mother is infected, her body (10)develops (11)antibodies against the disease that are passed on to her baby.
Experts say more studies are needed. However, Mister Latham hopes his research will teach mothers with AIDS that breastfeeding is a safe and helpful (12)process.
This VOA Special English Development Report was written by Jill Moss.
(1) AIDS[????]abbr.爱滋病, 获得性免疫功能丧失综合症(Acquired Immure Deficiency Syndrome)
(2) virus[????????? ]n.[微]病毒, 滤过性微生物, 毒害, 恶毒
(3) nutrition[???????????? ]n.营养, 营养学
(4) official[ ??????? ]n.官员, 公务员adj.职务上的, 公务的, 官方的, 正式的
(5) Namibia[ ????????? ]n. 纳米比亚
(6) Botswana[ ?????????? ]n.博茨瓦纳(位于南非共和国内,于1966年独立)
(7) formula[ ????????? ]n.公式, 规则, 客套语
(8) spread[?????? ]n.伸展, 展开, 传播, 蔓延, 酒席, 宴会, 桌布v.伸展, 展开, 铺, 涂, 敷, 摆, 传播, 散布
(9) intestine[ ????????? ]adj.内部的, 国内的n.[解, 动]肠
(10) develop[ ???????? ]vt.发展, 发达, 发扬, 进步, 逐步展开(情节,音乐主题,方程式等)洗印, 显影vi.发展, 生长, 发育, 逐步显示出来
(11) antibody[ ?????????? ]n.抗体
(12) process[???????? ]n.过程, 作用, 方法, 程序, 步骤, 进行, 推移vt.加工, 处理
