28 世界卫生组织关于噪音污染的报道
DATE=3-29-01
TITLE=SCIENCE REPORT - WHO Report on Noise
BYLINE=Caty Weaver
Start at 59"）This is the VOA Special English Science Report.
The world is (1)noisier than ever before. The noise comes from increases in industry, (2)transportation and (3)population. The World Health Organization says noise can be harmful.
The W-H-O says the most (4)common problem caused by noise is hearing loss. This happens mainly in work situations. The W-H-O says some machines and other industrial (5)equipment can create very high sound levels.
The organization says many industrial workers (6)experience very high noise levels during a work day. The W-H-O says this noise can begin to cause hearing loss in just six months. At first, the ear is able to recover hearing during the time away from the noise. However, in time the damage becomes (7)permanent.
Loud work situations can also cause a condition called (8)tinnitus. People with tinnitus hear a continuous ringing in their ears. W-H-O experts say this condition is a warning of more serious hearing problems to come. Temporary tinnitus also can happen to people who attend very loud music events.
The World Health Organization says continuous noise may cause high blood (9)pressure or heart disease. The health organization says research suggests a link between noise and mental health problems. Noise can interfere with sleep. It also may increase (10)aggressive actions. Noise also can affect the (11)performance of skills like reading and solving problems.
The W-H-O says noise is not only a problem in the workplace. It says noise in the community also is increasing. More than half of the people in Europe live in noisy (12)surroundings. The organization says more than thirty percent of them experience noise levels at night that interfere with sleep.
The World Health Organization says there are ways to protect against the dangers of noise pollution. Companies should try to create workspaces that protect workers from noise. The W-H-O says workers should wear coverings to protect their ears.
The W-H-O recently published a report called Guidelines for Community Noise. It lists the possible health effects of noise levels in different situations. The report also offers ideas about (13)legislation to limit noise and ways to enforce such legislation.
This VOA Special English Science Report was written by Caty Weaver.
(1) noisy[ ???????]adj.吵杂的, 聒噪的
(2) transportation[ ???????????????? ]n.运输, 运送
(3) population[ ????????????? ]n.人口
(4) common[ ?????? ]adj.共同的, 公共的, 公有的, 普通的, n.[复][总] 公有, 普通, 共通
(5) equipment[ ?????????? ]n.装备, 设备, 器材, 装置, 铁道车辆, (一企业除房地产以外的)固定资产, 才能
(6) experience[????????????? ]n.vt.经验, 体验, 经历, 阅历
(7) permanent[ ???????????]adj.永久的, 持久的
(8) tinnitus[ ????????? ]n.耳鸣
(9) pressure[?????????]n.压, 压力, 电压, 压迫, 强制, 紧迫
(10) aggressive[????????? ]adj.好斗的, 敢作敢为的, 有闯劲的, 侵略性的
(11) performance[ ?????????? ]n.履行, 执行, 成绩, 性能, 表演, 演奏
(12) surroundings[???????????]n.环境
(13) legislation[ ?????????????? ]n.立法, 法律的制定(或通过)
29 缩小数字化时代拉大的人与人之间的距离
DATE=4-9-01
TITLE=DEVELOPMENT REPORT - Helping Reduce the Digital Divide
BYLINE=Gary Garriott
(Start at 1'02")This is the VOA Special English Development Report.
The Internet (1) computer system is helping many people start and operate businesses. But to use the Internet, a person has to learn how to use a computer. A person also needs a (2) telephone line or satellite connection. However, about half the world's population has never even made a telephone call. And most poor people do not own a computer. For these people a "(3) digital (4) divide" exists.
Two meetings were held in the United States to discuss what can be done. One was called the "Digital Dividends Conference." It was held in Seattle, Washington. Officials from large American (5) information technology companies attended. Representatives from non-governmental organizations, or N-G-Os, also attended.
These people are working to make it easier for poor people to use the Internet. Many American companies provide money to N-G-Os for their programs. Microsoft is the largest computer software company in the world. It has set up an organization to give money to many N-G-Os.
The head of Microsoft, Bill Gates, spoke at the meeting. Mister Gates has given hundreds of millions of dollars to help people in developing countries fight diseases like （6）malaria and AIDS. He said that people have to be healthy before they can use computers and the Internet.
Another conference was held at the World Bank （7）headquarters in Washington, D-C. It was called "Voices of the Poor." It was supported by the British Department for International Development. About one- hundred people from N-G-Os and poor people's organizations from around the world attended. They told about using the Internet to teach poor children about computers and business in many places around the world.
They also told about how providing a wireless telephone to poor village women has changed their lives. The women are able to sell telephone services to other people in the village. Everyone who attended the meeting learned that many organizations around the world are using computers and the Internet to help reduce the digital divide.
You can get more information about what is being done to reduce the digital divide from the group （8）VITA. Its Internet address is www.vita.org.
This VOA Special English Development Report was written by Gary Garriott. This is bill White.
注释：
(1) computer [k?m?????t?]n.电子计算机；电脑
(2) telephone [????????n]n.电话
(3) digital [???????l]a.手指的,脚趾的,数字的
(4) divide[d???a?d]v.分开；划分
(5) information[ ???f???????n ]n.通知, 报告
(6) malaria[ m???????? ]n.疟疾, 瘴气
(7) headquarters[ ???????????? ]n.司令部,总部
(8) vita[ ?????? ]n.个人简历,生活, 生命
30 19世纪美国妇女教育运动先锋-玛莉·莱恩
DATE=4-1-01
TITLES=PEOPLE IN AMERICA #1815 - Mary Lyon
BYLINE=Vivian R. Bournazian
VOICE ONE:
I'm Steve Ember.
VOICE TWO:
And I'm Shirley Griffith. Every week at this time, we tell the story of someone important in the history of the United States. Today, we tell about Mary Lyon. She was a （1）leader in women's （2）education in the last century. (THEME)
VOICE ONE:
During the Nineteenth Century, women's education was not considered important in the United States.
（3）Supporters of （4）advanced education for women faced many problems. States did (5) require each town to provide a school for children, but teachers often were poorly prepared. Most young women were not able to continue on with their education in (6) private schools. If they did, they often were not taught much except the French (7) language, how to (8)sew clothing, and music.
Mary Lyon felt that women's education was （9）extremely important. Through her (10) lifelong work for education she became one of the most famous women in Nineteenth Century America. She believed that women were teachers both in the home and in the classroom. And, she believed that efforts to better educate young women also served God. If women were better educated, she felt, they could teach in local schools throughout the United States and in foreign countries.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE TWO:
Mary Lyon was born in Buckland, （11）Massachusetts, in Seventeen-Ninety-Seven. Her father died when she was five years old. For Mary, hard work was a way of life. But she later remembered with great pleasure her childhood years in the home where she was born.
This is how she (12)described what she could see from that house on a hill: "The far-off mountains in all their （13）grandeur, and the deep valleys, and widely extended plains, and more than all, that little village below, containing only a very few white houses, but more than those young eyes had ever seen."
VOICE ONE:
At the age of four, Mary began walking to the nearest school several kilometers away. Later, she began spending three months at a time with friends and relatives so she could (14) attend other area schools. She helped clean and cook to pay for her stay.
When Mary was thirteen, her mother re-married and moved to another town. Mary was left to care for her older brother who worked on the family farm. He paid her a dollar a week. She saved it to pay for her education. Mary's love of learning was so strong that she worked and saved her small amount of pay so she could go to school for another few months.
Mary began her first teaching job at a one-room local school-teaching children for the summer. She was seventeen years old. She was paid seventy-five cents a week. She also was given meals and a place to live.
Mary Lyon was not a very successful teacher at first. She did not have much control over her students. She always was ready to laugh with them. Yet she soon won their parents' (15) respect with her skills.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE TWO:
When Mary Lyon was twenty years old, she began a long period of study and teaching. A new （16）private school opened in the village of Ashfield, Massachusetts. It was called Sanderson Academy. Mary really wanted to attend. She sold book （17）coverings she had made. And she used everything she had saved from her pay as a teacher. This was enough for her to begin attending Sanderson Academy.
At Sanderson, Mary began to study more difficult subjects. These included science, history and Latin. A friend who went to school with Mary wrote of her "gaining knowledge by （18）handfuls." It is said that Mary memorized a complete book about the Latin language in three days. Mary later wrote it was at Sanderson that she received the base of her education.
VOICE ONE:
After a year at Sanderson Academy, Mary decided that her handwriting was not good enough to be read clearly. She was a twenty-one-year-old woman. But she went to the local public school and sat among the children so she could learn better writing skills.
In Eighteen-Twenty-One, Mary Lyon went to another private school where she was taught by Reverend Joseph Emerson. Mary said he talked to women "as if they had brains." She praised his equal treatment of men and women when it came to educating them.
VOICE TWO:
Three years later, Mary Lyon opened a school for young women in the village of Buckland. She called it the Buckland Female Seminary. Classes were held in a room on the third floor of a house.
Mary's students praised her teaching. She proposed new ways of teaching, including holding discussion groups where students exchange ideas.
Mary said it was while teaching at Buckland that she first thought of founding a private school open to daughters of farmers and skilled workers. She wanted education, not profits, to be the most important thing about the school. At that time, schools of higher learning usually were supported by people interested in profits from their investment.
VOICE ONE:
In Eighteen-Twenty-Eight, Mary became sick with （19）typhoid fever. When her health improved, she decided to leave Buckland, the school she had started. She joined a close friend, Zillah Grant, who had begun another private school, Ipswich Female Seminary.
At Ipswich, Mary taught and （20）was responsible for one-hundred-thirty students. It was one of the best schools at the time. But it lacked （21）financial support. Mary said the lack of support was because of "good men's fear of greatness in women." Zillah Grant and Mary Lyon urged that Ipswich be provided buildings so that the school might become （22）permanent. However, their appeal failed.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE TWO:
Mary resigned from Ipswich. She helped to organize another private school for women, Wheaton Female Seminary in Norton, Massachusetts. It opened in Eighteen Thirty-Five.
She also began to raise money for her dream of a permanent, non-profit school for the higher education of women. This school would own its own property. It would be guided by an （23）independent group of directors. Its finances would be the (24) responsibility of the (25) directors, not of (26) investors seeking (27) profit. The school would not depend on any one person to (28) continue. And, the students would share in cleaning and cooking to keep costs down.
VOICE ONE:
Mary Lyon got a (29) committee of advisers to help her in planning and building the school. She collected the first thousand dollars for the school from women in and around the (30) town of Ipswich. At one point, she even lent the committee some of her own money. She did not earn any money until she became head of the new school.
Mary Lyon opened Mount Holyoke (31) Seminary for Women in Eighteen-Thirty-Seven. It was in the town of South Hadley, Massachusetts. She had risen more than twelve- thousand dollars. It was enough to build a five-story building. Four teachers and the first class of eighty young women lived and studied in the building when the school opened. By the next year, the number of students had increased to one- hundred- sixteen. Mary knew the importance of what had been established -- the first (32) independent school for the higher education of women.
VOICE TWO:
The school continued to grow. More students began to attend. The size of the building was increased. And, all of the students were (33) required to study for four years instead of three. Mary Lyon was head of the school for almost twelve years. She died in Eighteen-Forty-Nine. She was fifty-two years old. She left behind a school of higher education for women. It had no debt. And it had (34) support for the future provided by thousands of dollars in gifts.
In Eighteen-Ninety-Three, under a state law, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary became a college. Mount Holyoke College was the first college to offer women the same kind of education as was offered to men.
VOICE ONE:
People who have studied Mary Lyon say she was not fighting a (35) battle of (36) equality between men and women. Yet she knew she wanted more for women. Her efforts led to the (37) spread of higher education for women in the United States. (38)Historians say she was the strongest （39）influence on the education of American young people during the middle of the nineteenth (40)century. Her influence lasted as the many students from Mary Lyon's schools went out to teach others.
(THEME)
VOICE TWO:
This Special English program was written by Vivian Bournazian. I'm Shirley Griffith
VOICE ONE:
And I'm Steve Ember. Join us again next week at this same time for another People in American program on the Voice of America.
注释：
(1) leader[?l??d?]n.领导；领袖
(2) education[???j???e???n]n.教育；教导
(3. supporter[????????]n.支持者, 赡养者, 拥护者
(4. advanced[?d?v?:???]adj.在前面的，高等的
(5. require[r???????]v.需要
(6. private [???a?v?t]adj.私人的；属于个人的
(7. language [?????????]n.语言, 术语,
(8. sew [s???]v.缝合（布、皮、纸）；缝制（衣服等）
(9. extremely[???????????]ad.极端地，非常地
(10. lifelong[????????]a.终身的；毕生的
(11. Massachusetts[?????????????]n.马萨诸塞
(12. Describe[d?????????]v.描述；描绘
(13. grandeur [????????]n.庄严，伟大
(14. attend [???end]v.注意；留意 出席；到场
(15. respect[????????]v.尊重，关心,注意
(16. private[????????]a.私人的,秘密的
(17. covering[????????]n.覆盖物
(18. handful[???????]n.少数，一把
(19. typhoid[????????]n.伤寒
(20. was responsible for对…负责任
(21. financial[??????????]a.财政的,金融的
(22. permanent[??????????]a.永久的,固定的
(23. independent [????????????]a.独立的,自主的
(24. responsibility [r???????????????]n.责任；职责
(25. director[d???????]n.指导者；领导者；主持人 董事
(26. investor [In?vest?]n投资者
(27. profit [?p?????]n利润
(28. continue[k????????:]v.继续；使继续；连续；使连续；延
(29. committee[???????]n.委员会
30. town [t??n]n.城镇，市镇;市民
31. Seminary [?????????]n.神学院
32. independent [????????????]adj.独立的；自立的
33. required [ ???????d ]adj.必需的
34. support [??????t]v.支撑；托住
35. battle [?????]n.战役；争斗
36. equality [?????????]n.同等；平等
37. spread [?????]v.（常与out连用）张开；伸展
38. historian [h??????????]n.历史学家
39. influence [?????????]n影响力,权利
40. century [?????????]n.世纪；百年
