江苏卷和全国卷比较及06高考书面表达预测[下学期]

2006届高考书面表达指导（学生用）
一、概述与分析
我们来先比较一下江苏去年的高考书面表达题和全国卷高考书面表达题
江苏卷
假设你是李晓平，是“江苏中学”的学生。请你围绕“建设和谐社会’’的主题，根据下面所给出的要点提示，用英语给全省中学生写一封倡议书。
要点提示：1．人与社会：祖国、家乡、学校，热爱关心
2．人与人：家人、师长、同学，诚信互助
3．人与自然：能源、环境、动植物，爱惜保护
4．你的态度：(内容由考生自己拟定)
注意：1．词数：100左右。倡议书的开头、结尾以及提示句已为你写好，不计人词数。
2．内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。
A Letter to High School Students in Jiangsu
Dear fellow students,
Our government is aiming to build a "harmonious society" (和谐社会). I think it is every
citizen's duty to work hard to achieve this goal.
As high school students, what should we do
………………………………………………………
As for myself, …………………………………….
Dear fellow students, let's start fight now and spare no effort to do a little bit every day, every hour, and every minute!
Li Xiaoping
From Jiangsu High School
全国卷I.II
假定你是李华，正在英国牛津参加短期语言培训，计划星期天去伦敦旅游。互联网上一则广告引起了你的注意，但一些具体信息不明确（箭头所指内容）请给该旅行社发一封电子邮件，询问有关的情况。
注意：1 词数100 左右，信的格式已为你写好。
2 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3 参考词汇 牛津:Oxford 费用:fee
全国III
假设你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写一封信，反映讨论结果。
赞成迁出：反对迁出：1．游客多，交通堵塞2．郊区环境好1．建于1906年，中外闻名2．搬迁易造成动物死亡
注意：1．词数100字左右，信的开头已为你写好。
2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3．参考词汇： 郊区—suburb
June 3 ,2005
Dear Editor ,
Recently ,our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city .
江苏卷参考答案
Dear fellow students,
Our government is aiming to build a "harmonious society". I think it is every citizen's duty to work hard to achieve this goal.
As high school students, what should we do
First of all, we should love our motherland.Let’s take a great interest in the development of our hometowns and take an active part in our school and activities.
Secondly, let’s fill the world with love. We should show our respect for old people, our parents and our teachers. We should also care for each other and help those in need. Most important of all, all of us must be faithful and honest in our daily life.
Finally, let’s work together to save energy and protect our natural environment, including animals, trees, flowers and grass.
As for myself, I will study even harder and try my best to do all the above.
Dear fellow students, let's start fight now and spare no effort to do a little bit every day, every hour, and every minute!
全国卷I.II参考答案
Dear Sir/Madame
I’m writing for more information about the day tour to London.
As a student at Oxford University, I’d like to know if you have any special price for students. As for the money you charge, does it cover the entrance fees for visiting the places listed What about lunch Is it included Or do I need to bring along my own food
How long will the tour last Since I need to prepare my lessons for the next day, I’d like to know the time to return. Besides, is there any time for shopping I really want to have a look at the big stores in London.
Yours,
Li Hua
全国卷III参考答案
June 3, 2005
Dear Editor ,
Recently ,our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city. Some of my classmates are in favor of the move. They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams .They also say that once moved, animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs. However, other students are against the idea, saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906,has a history of 100 years, and is well –known at home and abroad .So it should remain where it is. What’s more, moving may cause the death of some animals. To move or not, this is a big decision which has to be made by people in Beijing.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
三套高考书面表达题都是提示作文，即用文字提供一定的情景内容，要求考生完成100词左右的短文。提供情景的方式为：文字提纲要点提示。下列是对江苏去年的高考书面表达题和全国两套高考书面表达题有关情况的统计
项目年份 体裁 主 题 参考答案词数 句 数
简单 复合
05江苏 应用文（倡议书） 建设和谐社会 115 7 0
05全国I.II 应用文（书信） 询问不明确的有关信息 107 7 3
05全国III 应用文（书信） 北京动物园是否应迁出市区的讨论情况 107 2 4
注：表中数据均根据试题所附的参考答案进行统计，已给出的句子不在统计之列。
通过比较，我们可以看出如下它们之间的相同和不同点
二、方法指导
书面表达具体有三个方面要注意：在用词上下功夫，在句式上下工夫，在谋篇上下工夫。
（一）在用词上下功夫
高考书面表达在词汇方面得高分的评分要求是：应用了较多的词汇；词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。所以要想得高分应遵循以下２个原则：
１、高级词汇优先原则：这里的高级词汇是指高中阶段后来所学的，相对复杂的词汇。
例如：用不同的词汇翻译下列句子
1）“我很害怕”。
I’m very afraid.
2）周末我们要做很多作业。
At weekends, we have a lot of homework to do.
3）洗澡间和厨房都很好。
The bathroom and the kitchen are good.
4）现在我们可以学画画，上电脑课等。
Now we can learn drawing and have the computer lessons.
5）她去澳大利亚是为了学习音乐
She went to Australia in order to study music.
2、短语优先原则
①I can’t bear it.
②English is very important in our daily life.
③Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable.
(二) 在句式上下工夫
为了在表达时不至于用同一种句型（比如都用简单句）而使得整篇文章显得呆板，运用不同的语法和句法手段表达同一内容，以使文章耐读性大大增强。
1、语法手段： 改变时态、改变语态、使用虚拟语气及使用非谓语动词等使句子更加生动。
例：①The ship didn't sink with all on board because there were the effort of the captain. (一般)
②When he arrives, please give me an e-mail (一般)
③If the weather permits, I'll come tomorrow. (一般)
2、句法手段：否定与肯定，陈述句与倒装句、强调句以及简单句、并列句和复合句交叉起来使用，以使句子结构错落有致，较为复杂。
A、肯定与否定
例：1988年（张各庄）成立本村小学。
①Until 1988 Zhang Ge Zhuan had no school of its own.
②
③.
④
⑤
B、陈述句与倒装句
例：You can learn a foreign language well only in this way.
C、陈述句与强调句
例：He didn’t begin to do his homework until his father came back.
D、简单句与复合句
分词短语、分词独立主格结构、不定式复合结构、with复合结构、动名词短语等都可以用从句来
代替，使简单句变成复合句，反过来亦然。
例：①My brother was riding with me sitting on the seat behind. (NMET97参考答案原句)
②As for myself,I will study harder and try my best to do all the above.( 05江苏卷参考答案原句)
③I was so pleased to hear from you. (NMET99参考答案原句)
④Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. (NMET02参考答案原句)
⑤It’s a small flat of 25 square meters,with a bedroom,a bathroom and a kitichen.
(NMET03参考答案原句)
⑥People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. (NMET03参考答案原句)
复合句与并列句
例：①The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street,which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. (NMET2003参考答案原句)
②As we came to the crossroad a young man and a girl came up and stopped us. (NMET97参考答案原句)
③To move or not, this is a big decision which has to be made by people in Beijing. (05全国III参考答案原句)
F、简单句与并列句
例：①My brother was riding with me sitting on the seat behind.(NMET97参考答案原句)
②He stopped us half an hour ago.He made us catch the next offender. (NMET97参考答案原句)
③We should show our respect for old people, our parents and our teachers. We should also care for each other and help those in need. (05江苏卷参考答案原句)
（三）在谋篇上下工夫
充分利用过渡句、过渡词汇或语法句法手段,使上下文衔接紧凑, 全文流畅。
句与句的衔接
充分使用过渡词汇使句与句之间在逻辑上显得更加紧凑.读起来朗朗上口
请看下列各例
1.a) It’s too late to go to the cinema now.
b) I have an important meeting to attend after lunch.
2. a) Go to see the doctor at once.
b) Your cold may get worse.
3. a)He saw the boy in the street.
b)He stopped to speak to him.
c)He gave him a penny.
句与句的衔接常用词汇举例
and, also，as well, as well as， or, too, not only…but also, both … and, either … or, neither…nor等
besides, in addition（加之，除……之外）, moreover(此外，而且), what’s more， what’s worse
but, however, yet, although, despite, in spite of, whereas, nevertheless
on the other hand, on the contrary, different from, unlike, like, unlike, in the same way, similarly, similar to ，here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter, then…now, the first… whereas the second, once…now, on the one hand … on the other hand, some…others
because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, due to
so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, thereby, hence, so…that, such…that
if, unless, on condition that, as/so long as
when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning / year / century, after a while, in a few days, now, presently, finally, at last, all of a sudden, form now on, at present, immediately, the moment，first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all, first of all, then, next, in the end, at last, afterward(s), meanwhile（几乎同时）, thereafter（在那以后）, last, eventually（终于）
in other words, that is to say, to put it another way
for instance, for example, like, such as
in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth
certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously
for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to
in a word(总之，简言之), in general, in short(总之), above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary
段与段的衔接
段与段的衔接除了也可以运用上面所说的过渡词汇外，还需要运用一些句子进行过渡，才能使篇章结构连贯完整．
例如：
It is often said that…,
As the proverb says…,
It is clear/obvious that…,
Many people often ask …
It is true that…,
Everybody knows that…,
It can be easily proved that…,
No one can deny that…
The reason why …is that …,
There is no doubt that…,
What is more serious is that…
I do not believe that…,
Perhaps you’ll ask why…
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to…,
Though we are in basic agreement with …, yet differences will be found,
That’s why I feel that…
On account of this we can find that …
The result is dependent on …
Thus, this is the reason why we must…等等
过渡词（句）使用示例
下面这段文字用简单句表达，它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支离破碎。 请你使用过渡词（句）修改，使之层次清楚、结构严谨。
TV and website
TV and website are popular media. They have something in common. Both of them make money from ads. Websites also have different sections. You may choose the one you are most interested in.
They are different in many ways. Moving pictures are shown on TV with sound and interpretation（解说）. It makes you feel that you are just on the spot. The programs change every day. Professional TV reporters do the report for TV.
Some information on websites change all the time. Not all of it is so updated. Everybody can write articles for websites rather than professional reporter.Every medium has its own features. It is hard to say which is better.
修改后
三、实例指导
A.以文字提供要点的书面表达
第一步 认真审题，明确要点
1、确定主题
2、确定格式
3、确定人称
第二步 依据要点，草拟提纲
第三步 扩展成句，连句成篇
第四步 仔细检查，认真修改
例 题
近日，你班在“知荣明耻”教育活动中，召开了一次关于学生荣辱观的主题班会。请你根据下表中的内容，用英语写一篇短文，给校报“八荣八耻大家谈”栏目投稿。
存在的问题 1．不尊敬老师、家长等。
2．学习散漫、考试作弊等。
3．乱扔垃圾、污损环境等。
对荣辱观的认识 4．以遵纪守法、关心集体、勤奋学习等为荣。
5．以违反校规、自私自利、不思进取等为耻。
将认识落实在行动中的打算（内容由考生自己拟定） 6．
7．
8．
注意：1．词数：120左右。发言稿的开头已为你写好，不计入词数。
2．内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。
Recently we have held a class meeting to discuss what is considered to be honorable behavior and what is shameful. ______________________
第一步：审题选择要点
第二步：简译要点
第三步：扩展成句
第四步：连句成篇
搜索有关过渡句及过渡词汇
润饰某些句子,加上过渡词或过渡句组合成篇
B.以图画形式提供要点的书面表达
看图进行书面表达的基本要求是：认真审图，确立主题，提炼要点，展开联想，变点为句，连句成篇。 要达到这些要求，我们就必须认真审图，善于利用图中人物间的关系、人物的对话、人物的活动及所处场所，以及图（表）中的文字说明和标识来提炼要点；要围绕主题展开合理的想象，切忌游离于主题展开不着边际的联想。
下列四幅图描述了李华一家某一天的经历。请根据画面及图中的有关提示，用第三人称的口吻写一篇120字左右的短文。
注意：可以适当增加细节，并展开合理的想象，使故事完整连贯。
1、认真看图，确立主题
结合文字和图画，确立所要表达的主题是什么。
2、围绕主题，提炼要点
围绕确立的主题，仔细看图，初步列出每幅图的要点。
第一幅图：
第二幅图：
第三幅图：
第四幅图：
3、合理想象，补出要点
将四幅图连起来并结合考虑每幅图中的各个细节进行想象，将隐藏的要点补出来,使故事连贯。
第一幅图：李华为什么要把他的主意告诉父亲：
第二幅图：李华和父亲为什么要选择做家务：
第三幅图：可以想象他们做了除图画中表现出的:fish, pork外，还可能做了其它菜。比如：
第四幅图：这幅图中没有一个人出现，连母亲的影子也没有。为什么，留给考生进行合理的想象：
其目的是什么：
4、确定时态，译出要点
确定表达时所用的正确时态，将围绕主题初选出的要点和经过合理想象补出的要点翻译出来。
本篇叙述的是李华一家过去某一天（“3.8”妇女节）所发生的事，应该用过去时来进行表达。
第一幅图：
第二幅图：
第三幅图：
第四幅图：
5、连句成篇，过渡自然
对译出的要点通过合理的组合，加上必要的连接词或词语以及照顾到文章的首尾呼应，
再加上必要的结束语。
C.以图表提供要点的书面表达
图表式书面表达分三步
第一步：开门见山点明图表所反映的主题。
常用的词汇有：table,chart,figure,graph,describe,tell,show等等。
第二步：观察数据间变化及总趋势，并说明原因或由此产生的结果/后果等。
在描写数据间变化及总趋势特征时，可采用分类式对比以表明主题，并阐述必要的理由，要注意表述层次的清楚。
常用的词汇有：rise,drop,reduce,increase,decrease,fall,while,but,on the contrary,
however, compare…to，as…as, the same as, similar to,different from,difference between,among,more than,less than等等。
第三步：归纳总结或谈谈自己的看法。有时这一步也可以不要，看具体情况而定。
常用的词汇有：in a word,in short,generally speaking,It’s claear from the chart
that…,We can draw the conclusion that…,We can learn…,We can know…
请根据下面的图表以及中文提示所提供的信息，写一篇报道，简要描述我国近年私人轿车的增长情况以及可能会带来的影响：
●出行方便快捷 ●有助于汽车工业发展 ●污染空气 ●交通事故增多
注意：词数100左右。
第一步：点明主题
第二步：观察数据间变化及总趋势，并说明由此带来的结果和产生的后果。
第三步：提出自己的希望
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