2006高考英语权威预测---写作篇
注：考生在写作文时一定要分三步走，即①审题（体裁、时态、人称），②打草，③誊写
高考作文时间应控制在15分钟左右。
一、高考后的打算
高考结束之后，有的同学想去旅游，因为蓝天和美景能够使他们放松；有的同学打算在家好好欣赏期待已久的06世界杯；也有的同学想趁这个机会体验一下生活，他们认为考上大学就真正开始走上社会了。
请你用英语写一篇短文简述以上内容，并谈一下你的打算。
注意：1、词数100左右；
2、为使行文连贯可适当发挥。
范文：
After the college entrance examination, some students would like to have a trip, because they think the blue sky and the charming scenery can make them relax. Some others prefer to stay at home to enjoy the football matches of the 2006 World Cup, which they have been longing for. And also there are some students who intend to observe and learn from real life. They consider that they will really step into society after passing the college entrance examination. As for me, I plan to learn a skill such as driving, which I think will be useful in the future.
二、一封写给父母的感谢信
假设你是李华， 现在你正在高考考场上，场下你的父母正殷切期待着你。中学生活即将结束，在这个特殊时刻，请你按以下内容要点给自己的父母写一封感谢信。
内容要点：
1、感谢父母多年来，特别是高三这一年来无微不至的关怀。
2、自己近期学习一直十分刻苦，进步不小。这次高考考试也都很顺利，发挥出了自己的水平，希望父母放心。
3、高考之后一定多帮父母做些家务，还要让父母品尝一下自己亲手做的菜。
注意：1、词数120左右；
2、可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
范文：
Dear parents,
Now I know clearly that you both are expecting me anxiously. I can say nothing but thanks to you both on this special occasion, because words have failed me when I want to express my thanks to you both for the loving care you have shown for me, especially since I went to Senior Three. These days I have been studying hard and have made some progress. And everything has got along well with my college entrance examination. I have performed my ability in this exam. I hope you both can set your mind at rest.
After this exam, I intend to help you do some housework which I have seldom done before. And I also mean to learn to cook in order to prepare a dinner for you both in person.
My dear parents, everything is going on well with me and do have a rest!
Best wishes,
三、一封投诉信
假设你是李华， 你在5月2日去一家商店买衣服。当你请一个王姓服务员帮你找适合你的型号的衣服时，她以忙为借口让你自己找，你说你找不到才来让她帮忙，她说你找不到就说明没有。你对这位服务员的服务态度十分不满，并写信向该商店的销售经理投诉该服务员。
注 意：1、词数120左右；
2、信的开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数；
3、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
范文：
May 5, 2006
Dear Sales Manager,
This letter is a complaint concerning the actions of one of your salespersons. On Tuesday, May 5, 2006, around 2 P.m.., I went to your store to look for a T-shirt. When I asked a salesperson, Ms. Wang for help in finding my size, she informed me that she was busy and I would have to find one myself. I explained that the reason why I came to her was that I couldn’t find one. She then said in a rude tone that if I couldn’t find one, it meant that the store didn’t have it, and that I needed to look somewhere else.
I felt that Ms Wang was rude. I hope that you will look into the matter: I shop frequently at your store and I look forward to a more pleasurable shopping experience next time.
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
四、一封邀请信
假如你是李华， 写一封信邀请你的一位外国朋友 Mike今年暑假来你的家乡陕西旅游，先向他表达邀请之意，再向他介绍陕西的一些情况：
1、由于西部大开发, 陕西这些年变化很大；
2、陕西有许多旅游景点，如华山、兵马俑等；还有许多地方风味小吃；
3、西安 ( http: / / weather. / preend.htm dc186.htm" \t "_blank )既是著名的古都，又是陕西的省会， 发展很快，新修了不少道路。
注意：1、词数100左右；
2、信的开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入词数；
3、参考词汇：兵马俑---Terracotta Warriors and Horses。
范文：
Dear Mike,
How are you getting on recently I am wondering if you have made a definite plan for the coming summer holiday. If not, I wish you could come here and visit my hometown Shaanxi. My family are also glad to receive you as a popular guest in my home.
Due to the policy of Western Development, great changes have taken place in Shaanxi. A large number of factories have been set up. Also there are many places of interest worthy of sightseeing such as Mount Hua and Terracotta Warriors and Horses; the local style food here is also well-known. Xi’an, the capital of Shaanxi province, famous as an ancient capital, also takes on a new look, where many new roads have been built.
Hoping to see you in my hometown as soon as possible.
Yours，
Li Hua
五、倡议书
建设节约型社会，从我做起
假设你是王明，是“陕西中学”的学生。请你围绕“建设节约型社会，从我做起”的主题，根据下面所给出的要点提示，用英语给全国的中学生写一封倡议书。要点提示：
1、节约用水,特别是在刷牙、洗手时;要避免不必要的浪费；
2、教室或家中无人时一定要确保关上灯和其他电器，白天无须开灯时不要开灯；
3、节约纸张等学习用品；
4、主动向父母及周围亲朋宣传节约能源的思想。
注意：1、词数100左右；
2、倡议书的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入词数；
3、内容可适当发挥，要注意行文连贯。
范文：
Dear fellow students,
Our government is aiming to build a “conservation-oriented society” (节约型社会). I think it is every citizen’s duty to achieve this goal.
As high students, what should we do
We should focus our attention on details around ourselves. We should form the habit of saving water, especially when we brush our teeth and wash hands, and never leave water running unnecessarily. Meanwhile, we ought to save electricity. When we leave classrooms or our homes we should make sure that the light and some electrical equipments have been turned off. Do never make the light on in the daytime if unnecessary. We should also save our every piece of paper as well as other writing materials. What’s more, we should offer to recommend our relatives and friends as well as our parents to save energy.
Dear fellow students, let’s start right now, and spare no effort to do every little bit from every detail on!
Wang Ming
From Shaanxi High School
六、通知
假如你是班长，你们班将组织一次参观历史博物馆的活动，请你写一个口头通知。相关内容如下：
时 间：本周日
活动安排： 8：00 在学校大门口集合；
8：10集体乘车去历史博物馆；
8：40在导游的带领下参观历史博物馆；
11：00参观结束；集体乘车返回学校。
要 求：1、博物馆门票及乘车费（共20元）须在本周五前交给班长；
2、参观当天要统一穿校服；
3、参观后每人写一篇观后感。
注 意：1、词数100左右；
2、本通知应写成一篇连贯的短文。
范文：
Fellow students, attention, please. I have something to tell you. We are going to pay a visit to the History Museum this Sunday. Be sure to arrive at the school gate before 8:00 a.m. We will set off at 8:10 a.m. by bus altogether. At about 8:40 a.m., we’ll have a visit of the History Museum following a guide. At around 11:00 the visit is over, and we plan to return at about 11:10 by bus. The total cost will be 20 Yuan；everyone should hand in the money to me，your monitor, before Friday. Don’t forget to wear school uniforms on the very day. And everyone needs to write a composition after the visiting. Hope you will enjoy the visit. That’s all. Thank you.2006年高考英语书面表达 不同文体的写作
一. 教学内容：
不同文体的写作
书面表达旨在测试学生的英语书面表达能力。高考的书面表达是一种指导性写作。试题对写作的目的，对象，体裁及字数等都有明确的规定。提供给学生的材料形式为文字，图画或图表。试题要求学生根据所给的情景和要表达的意义，写出一篇 100 字左右的文章。高考中常见的文体为记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等。
（一）记叙文：
记叙文是以叙述人物的经历或事物的发展变化过程为主的一种文体。它分为记人和记事两种。记叙文的几个要点为：
1. 时间、地点、人物、事件，这几个要素在写作时要交代清楚。
2. 人称：记叙文一般可以有第一人称和第三人称两种叙事方式：第一人称是作者以当事人的口吻，把文章中的事情以“我”的所见所闻的方式来叙述，第三人称是写作者从旁观者的角度来叙述，反映事件中的不同人的感受和见解。
3. 记叙文的线索一般为时间，即按照事件的发展顺序来写。以可以按照地点的线索来写，即以地点的转移为顺序。
4. 重点突出，层次分明，详略得当。
5. 注意文章的完整性。
6. 所用的时态通常为一般过去时。
例： NMET 2004 辽宁卷
下面四幅图片描述的是星期天上午在中山公园里发生的一件事。请根据图片所提供的信息用英语为你校的“英语园地”写一篇文章。
注意：1. 短文必须包括所有图片的主要内容，短文的内容要连贯，完整。
2. 短文单词数 100左右。
3. 参考词汇：货摊 stand 抢夺 snatch 逮捕 arrest
写作步骤：
1. 审题：理解图意，将几幅图连成一个完整的故事。
2. 列出要点：
地点：公园的冰激凌货摊旁。
人物：一名年轻妇女，一个小偷和一个老人。
事件：年轻妇女的包被抢，人们追赶，老人用伞将其绊倒，警察逮捕抢劫者，妇女和人们感谢老人。
3. 将要点扩展成文，注意上下文的连接，用适当的连词，副词。
4. 通读一遍，改错。
Possible Version：
One Sunday morning, there were some people in Zhongshan Park. At a stand, a woman was buying an ice cream when a young man behind her snatched her handbag away. She shouted, “Stop the thief! He’s snatched my bag!” Hearing this, a few people began to run after him. There was an old man sitting quietly on a bench nearby. As the snatcher was running past him, the old man quickly picked up his umbrella and put it between the snatcher’s legs. The young man fell down on the ground hard. Soon two policemen came in a police car and arrested him. The woman thanked the old man, and the people around praised the old man for his cleverness.
（二）议论文：
在近几年的高考中，议论文的比重占得越来越多，议论文的出题形式可以多种多样，有看图写作、图表、表格、书信等各种类型，但文体实际上是议论文，而有时是夹叙的议论文。议论文的写作要点是：
1. 观点鲜明，文章一定有一个明确的中心论点。
2. 层次分明，一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持，不同层次之间要分明，过渡清晰自然。
3. 最后一段一般要总结全文，得出一个符合逻辑的结论，突出中心思想。
4. 一般采用一般现在时。
5. 语言简洁有力，一般不采用口语。
例：2005年全国高考英语(福建卷)
目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。某英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文，标题是“My opinion on Cheating in Examinations”，请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。
内容要点如下：
主要原因 考试偏多，偏难
不用功，懒惰
取悦老师，父母
个人看法 作弊不对，影响校规
要诚实，努力学习
……其他看法
注意：
1. 短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥；
2. 短文标题与开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；
3. 词数：100左右；
4. 参考词汇：作弊 cheat (v.)
写作思路：
1. 首先审题，确定要点——本文的中心论题是：My pinions on Cheating in Examinations ，所以首先要提出中心论题，点题。
2. 接下来从两方面来讨论这个问题，可以分做两段，现分析这种现象的产生原因， 然后很自然地过渡到自己的看法。在讲述自己看法时要有鲜明的观点及支持观点的论据。
3. 最后对自己的观点做简短的总结，点题。
Possible Version：
My opinions on Cheating in Examinations
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.
As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy and don’t work hard at their lessons. So when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.
In my opinions , it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. What’s more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.
In a word, it is wrong to cheat in examinations.
（三）说明文：
说明文是以简明的文字介绍事物的形状、性质、构造、变化、功用、特征等的文章。写好说明文的关键是抓住事物的特征，说明事物的顺序要有一定的逻辑性。
说明文常见的顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等。
例： NMET 2004 江苏
假设你是李晓华，住在江城。你的加拿大笔友Bob来信谈到了你所居住的城市，并希望了解你家乡江城的情况。请你用英语写一封回信。回信必须包括下表中的内容：
自然情况 位于长江边，风景优美，适合居住
成就 经济发展迅速新建了不少工厂、住房、道路等
存在问题 水，空气污染交通拥挤
对江城发展的看法 自己拟定
注意：
1. 回信中不能使用“江城 ”以外的地名。
2. 词数：100左右。信的开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入词数。
3. 参考词汇：经济 economy n.
Dear Bob,
It’s very kind of you to write me and let me know about our beautiful city. Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng.
Yours,
Xiaohua
写作思路：
1. 首先确定这是一篇描述地方的说明文。
2. 确定写作要点：根据所给信息，大体可以分为三个部分——城市简介，可以按照地理位置、自然环境、城市面貌和变化发展这样的逻辑顺序写，接下来写你看到的问题，最后写你的一些看法和建议。
3. 各层次之间注意使用恰当的连词，让过渡自然，结构合理。比如： however, in my opinion 等。
Possible Version：
Dear Bob,
It’s very kind of you to write me and let me know about our beautiful city. Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng.
The city stands on the bank of the Changjiang river. It is a beautiful place for people to live in. Its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years. New factories, houses, and roads have been built. More schools and hospitals are available for its people. However, there are still some problems, such as water and air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours. In my opinion, Jiangcheng should develop its economy scientifically. I would also think that the growth of its population should be brought under control so that we’ll have a better hometown in future.
Yours,
Xiaohua
（四）应用文：包括书信、通知、便条等。
（1）书信写作：在我们的日常生活中，我们经常给朋友、父母、亲戚等写信，这些信件都属于私人信件。私人书信是写给亲朋好友的，不仅是互通信息的工具，也是交流感情的渠道。书信写作是高考中经常出现的一种题型。写作时应注意以下要点：
1. 写好开头，提一提来信里谈到的各项事情，顺笔写来。
2. 一般先答复对方的问题，然后再谈自己想要说的话。
3. 结束信时要向对方表示友善或亲切的问候。
4. 语言要自然、平实、简洁。
Useful Expressions：
1. I’m very pleased to hear from you yesterday.
2. I’m sorry I’ve taken so long to answer your last letter.
3. We were all so pleased to hear you will be coming to visit us.
4. Look forward to hearing from you soon.
5. Please write back soon.
6. Do write to us when you have time.
7. We hope to hear from you soon.
8. Give my best wishes to the family.
例：
NMET 2005北京卷
美国中学生Jeff将要来你所在的红星中学学习中文，经协商安排住在你家。假设你是李华，请给Jeff写一封信，按照下图顺序介绍他来中国后的生活安排。
注意：1. 信的开头已为你写好。
2. 字数不少于60。
Dear Jeff,
I’m Li Hua from Beijing Hongxing School. I’m very happy to learn that you’re going to stay with my family while you’ re in Beijing.
写作要点：
1. 审清图意 信的内容包括以下几点：住宿、上学、就餐和课后活动。
2. 信可以分为三段来写，力求结构清晰，思路完整。
3. 注意语言亲切自然，避免使用过于书面的语言，比如过多的从句或过于华丽的词汇。
Possible Version：
Dear Jeff,
I’m Li Hua from Beijing Hongxing School . I’m very happy to learn that you’re going to stay with my family while you’re in Beijing.
While you are here, we’ll provide you with a room of your own with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV. You’ll also have your own bathroom. Our school is quite close to our home, so we could go to school together by bike. At noon we’ll eat at the school dining hall. I’m sure you’ll like the delicious Chinese food there, and enjoy talking with friends over lunch. Classes in our school usually finish at 4:00 in the afternoon. You can then join other students in playing games or swimming. It will be a lot of fun.
If you have any questions or requests, please let me know. We’ll try our best to make your stay here in Beijing a pleasant experience.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
（2）通知的写作
通知是一种安排活动或布置工作时使用的文体，包括了口头通知和书面通知。口头通知是当面向有关人员口授有关活动的信息，而书面通知是以布告的形式把事情通知给有关人员。通知的要素是时间，地点，对象，事件具体内容，注意事项等。通知的语言应该是简洁明了，直截了当。还应该注意要有一定的逻辑顺序。
注意：
1）口头通知一般都会将下列词句放在开头
Ladies and gentlemen
Boys and girls
May I have your attention , please
I have something important to tell you.
结尾时会以以下句子结束：That’s all. Thank you.
2）书面通知在正文之前的正中位置写Notice字样，结尾要写明时间及发出通知的单位。
例：
广播通知：
你校学生会将为来访的美国朋友举办一个晚会，要在学校广播中宣布此事，并欢迎大家参加。为使美国朋友能听懂，请你用英语写一篇广播通知。
要点如下：
宗旨：欢迎来访的美国朋友
组织者：学生会
时间：7月13日（星期六）晚7：30
活动内容：音乐，跳舞，唱歌，游戏，交换小礼品（请包装好，签名并在包装外面写上几个祝愿词）
May I have your attention, please I have an announcement to make. The Students’ Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening, July 13, to welcome our friends from the United States. The party will be held in the roof garden of the Main Building. It will begin at 7：30 PM. There will be music, dancing, singing, games and exchange of gifts. You may bring along a small gift for this purpose. Remember to wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.
Don’t forget： 7：30, Saturday evening, roof garden, Main Building. It’s sure to be a lot of fun. Everybody is welcome.
用心 爱心 专心 121号编辑 1高考英语作文常用句型及短语
1、学校生活及学习成绩
Be getting on well with one’s study某人的学习越来越好
take several courses at school在学校学若干门课程
have English (Chinese, Physics…) every (other )day work hard at …
put one’s heart into…专心于;致力于
be interested in …
be fond of
like chemistry best
be good at …; be poor at …; do well in …; be weak in …
make progress in …; fail in …’ be tired of …’
pass the examination; give sb. a passing grade;
major in history 主修历史
He has the best record in school. 他的成绩最棒。
get a doctor’s degree 获得博士学位
be more interesting to sb.
learn about; succeed in…; be active in class (work);
take an active part in …; learn… by heart;
work out a (maths) problem; improve oneself in …;
get 90 marks for (English); get an “A” in the exam;
have a good command of…
lay a good foundation in (language study)
2、师生关系
?get on well with sb; like to be with students;
?be gentle with us; be kind to sb;
?be a strict teacher; be strict with one’s pupils;
?be strict in work
?We think of him (her) as …; help sb with sth;
?praise sb for sth …; blame sb for sth..
?give advice on …; question sb on …
?be satisfied with …
?correct the students’ homework carefully and prepare for the next day; give sb a lot of work;
try to teach sb good study habits; make one’s lessons lively and interesting; teach sb. sth.;
teach sb to do sth.
devote all one’s time to work;
admire (sb.for) his devotion to the cause of education
佩服他对于教育事业的献身精神。
3、课余活动及周末生活
spend one’s time in many different ways;
enjoy doing things by oneself; go swimming;
go for an outing; have an outing at (the seashore);
see the sights of Beijing; play the piano (violin);
play chess (basketball); have a swim;
have dances on weekends; have a picnic over the weekend;
go to the cinema; have a party; hold a sports meeting;
do some reading; help sb do sth; enjoy a family trip;
get everything ready for;
ride one’s bike with sb.to(the park);
There are a lot of activities at (the beach).
We enjoy a change from our busy life in the city.
She would like to bring sth. to the picnic.
It was a very relaxing Sunday.
There are good programmes on TV on weekends.
4、彼此沟通信息
take a message for sb; send a message to sb;
hear from sb; talk about/of sth; tell sb to do sth;
get information about…;
express one’s idea (feelings) in English用英语表达一个人的思想（感情）;
Write sb a letter saying…给某人写信说... ， apologize to sb for…
thank you for …; make a speech t at the meeting;
explain sth to s; look upon sb as …; think sb to be …;
take sb’s side
5、事件中人的态度
??would like to do; allow sb to do;
??keep sb from doing (prevent sb. from doing);
??call on sb to do; be afraid to do (be afraid of …)；
??fee like doing; insist on doing; drive sb. off;
??speak highly of sb; speak ill of sb; think highly of sb;
??force sb to do; offer to do; refuse to do; agree to do;
??regret doing;
??prefer to do A rather than do B; had better do;
??would rather (not) do.
6、事情过程
have the habit of doing…; have no trouble doing;
??make up one’s mind to do;
??prepare sb for …; give up doing…; do sth as usual;
??do what he wants us to do; set about doing;
??try one’s best to do…=go all out to do;
??get into trouble; help sb out; do one’s bit for New China;
??wait for sb to do; find a way to do; make friends with sb;
??show (tell) sb. how to do…; take (send) sb to …;
??I’m trying to find…;
??I’m afraid we are out of …;
??pass the time doing; feel a little excited about doing…;
??can’t help doing…; do some good deeds to people;
??be prepared for more hard work;
??Some are doing A, others are doing B, and still others are doing C.
7、感观活动与思维活动
??look around for …; look up (down) at …; catch sight of …;
??take a look at …; hear sb do (doing); take notice of …;
??take view of …; have a good understanding of …;
??consider sb (sth) to be …; come to know…;
??realize that …; know that +从句
8、情感与欲望
??be pleased with …; be delighted in doing…;
??take a pleasure in doing; be worried about;
??feel surprised at …
??be sorry for …; be angry with sb for sth;
??be angry about …(为某事生气)；
??look forward to doing…; wish to do; expect to do;
??long for (long to do); be sick for one’s home;
??have a strong desire to do …;
9、健康状况及治疗
??be in good shape; be in good (poor )health;
??feel weak (well, terrible, sick); have got a high (slight ) fever;
??have a slight (bad) cold; take one’s temperature;
??have got a pain in …; be good (bad) for one’s health(eyes);
??It’s nothing serious. stay in bed until…; save one’s life
10、其它
??It (take)sb. some time to do…; It is said that …;
??be fit for; be short of; be well dressed;
??miss the lecture (train); change…into…;
??waste time doing; spend time doing; be busy doing;
??have no choice but to do; I can’t help it. be in need of…;
??be mistaken about …; fall behind…; catch up with;
??on behalf of; instead of; be welcome to do…;
??Running, biking and swimming are popular in summer.
??Skiing and skating are my favorite winter sports.
11、信件开头常用语
You letter came to me this morning.
I have received your letter of July the 20th.
??I’m writing to you about the lecture to be given next Monday.
??I’m writing to ask if you can come next week.
??How time flies! It’s three months since I saw you last.
??Thank you for your letter.
??In reply to your letter about (the exhibition this year)…;
??Let me tell you that…
12、信件结尾常用语
??Please remember me to your whole family.
??Give my best regards (wishes) to your mother.
??Best wishes.
With love.
Wish you a pleasant journey.
??Wish you success. Wish you the best of health. (luck)
??Looking forward to your next visit to China.
??Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you.
??Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.
13、问路和应答
Go down this street
Turn night/left at the first crossing
It’s about…meters from here
You can’t miss it
In front of behind at/a the corner(不用in)
Pass two blocks
：“游客纷至沓来”这句话，很多学生不能用英语写出“纷至沓来”这个成语，但是可以用以下几种表达方式：
⑴A large number of visitors come here
⑵There are lots of visitors coming here every day
⑶Many people visit here every day
⑷A lot of people pay a visit here every day
多使用过渡性词语使句子连贯
表列举：for example、for instance、that is to say
表补充：besides、in addition、moreover
表对比：on the one hand…on the other hand
in spite of
表原因：because of、thanks to、due to、owing to
表结果：therefore、thus、as a result、so
表结论：to conclude、in a word、in brief、to sum up
表转折：however、nevertheless、yet高考写作专题——篇章结构
一. 教学内容：
高考写作专题——篇章结构
纵观历年的高考书面表达，其文体题材各异，有书信、口头通知、简介、日记、自我介绍、记叙文、描写文、说明文、看图作文等，不同的体裁需要考生应用适当的篇章结构，将题目所提供的信息清晰、明了、准确，逻辑合理地表达出来。
篇章结构在语言表达中起着非常重要的作用，同样的信息点会因为不同的表达顺序传达出不同的信息。层次分明，逻辑合理的篇章结构会让读者在很短的时间内获得并准确理解题目所规定的信息；而叙述顺序混乱，前言不搭后语的篇章则让人一头雾水，不知所云何物。当然，后者是失败的表达，即使作者在写作的过程中使用了再漂亮的词汇和句型，混乱的文章结构也不会让读者准确领悟作者的意图。
下面，让我们看看不同的文体题材所应用的不同篇章结构。
（一）记叙文体
记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。
记叙文的写作要素：
1 要交待清楚五要素的内容，即where, when, what, who ,how，给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。
2. 事情的叙述可以按时间或空间的顺序叙述，让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联，从而理解文章主题。
3. 时态通常使用与过去有关的时态，如一般过去时。
记叙文的篇章结构：
开头 the beginning——交待必要的背景。如：时间、地点、人物等。
中间 the middle——交待故事情节（事情的主体）。如：事件的发生、发展和前因后果。（可以使用表示时间或空间的连接词，使文章连贯。 如：at first…then…few minutes later…）
结尾 the en你到底想说什么——事情的结果或感想、愿望等。（所表达的感想或愿望应与所记叙的内容有关系，起到扣题或点题的作用，使文章结构紧凑）。
例如NEMT2000
假设你是李华，正在美国探亲。2000年2月8日清晨，你目击了一起交通事故。警察局让你写一份材料，报告当时的所见情况。请根据下列图画写出报告。
注意：1. 目击者应该准确报告事实
2. 词数100左右
3. 结尾已为你写好
____________________________________________________________________________
About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital.
Li Hua
要点解析：仔细观察所提供的图画，寻找记叙文的写作要点。
1. 时间：2000年2月8日
2. 地点：公园路公园门前
3. 人物及场景：我正沿公园路向东走
4. 事件发生：一辆汽车从第三街向右拐，驶入公园路时撞倒了一位过街的老人。
5. 发展：汽车未停，沿公园路向西开走
6. 具体信息：汽车是黄色的，车牌号是AC864，司机是一位女性。
It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8,2000. I was （时间、地点、人物）
walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man
came out of the park on the other side of the street. Then I saw （事件的发生和发展）
a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into
Park Road. The next moment the car hit the man while he was
crossing the road. He fell with a cry. The car didn’t stop but （高潮）
drove off at great speed hea你到底想说什么 west. I noticed the driver was a
young woman and the plate number was AC 864. About two （结尾）
minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to
the nearest hospital.
Li Hua
（二）描写文体：
描写文是将题目提供的人物、事物、景观、地点等用生动、形象的语言描绘出来。在写作过程中记叙加描述，让被描写的对象在读者的脑海中有一幅清晰的画面。
描写文的写作要素：
1. 围绕主题，选好细节，使文章内容既丰富又紧凑。
2. 描写顺序恰当。写人时由上到下，由表及里。描写地点时通常由上到下，从里到外，由远到近。
3. 注意描写详略得当，重点突出。
4. 努力运用生动形象的语言，恰当运用形容词，并要避免重复单调地用词。
描写文的篇章结构：
写人：
开头 the beginning——对该人物进行简要地介绍 （如身份，职业等）
主体 the main body——可以按照时间的顺序或在事件中的主次地位进行描述
结尾 conclusion——对此人的评价或感想。
写物：
开头 the beginning——对该物进行简要介绍 （如大约位置）
主体 the main body——按照空间顺序（上到下，左到右，里到外，远到近等）来描述此物，令读者在脑海中有一幅图画。
结尾conclusion——对此物的看法或感想。
NEMT 2003 全国
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Bob将于九月到你所在的城市的建新华文学校学中文，来信请你在学校附近为他找一套住房。 请根据图画提供的信息，写信介绍住房情况， 并告知住房面积25平方米，月租500元。
注意：1. 词数100左右
2. 参考词汇：房租 rent
Dear Bob,
_______________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
要点解析：认真观察两幅图后，确定表达要点
1. 公寓的设施：一室带浴室、厨房
2. 公寓的面积、家具（25平方米，床，沙发，书桌，椅子）
3. 公寓的位置：（芳草街，离学校一站远）
4. 月租500元
Dear Bob,
I’m so glad to learn that you’re coming September. I’ve （开头,表示欢迎）
found a place for you. It’s a small flat of 25 square meters, with （公寓的情况：面积和构成）
a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a （房间内部的设施）
bed., a sofa, a desk and a chair. The rent is 500 yuan per month. （月租）
The flat is in a buil你到底想说什么 on Fangcao Street, which is no far from （公寓的位置和交通）
Jianxin Chinese School. And No.11 Bus can take you straight
to the school. In fact, it’s only one stop. Do you think you’d
like it If no, I can try and find another place for you. Just let （结尾，询问是否喜欢）
me know.
Yours ,
Li Hua
（三）说明文体：
说明文是以说明的方式用简洁的文字介绍事物的特性、构造、变化或结果的文章。
说明文体的写作要点：
1. 抓住事物特征，安排好说明顺序，可以按时间顺序、空间顺序、或逻辑顺序（先因后果或先果后因），让读者一目了然。
2. 说明时要做到条理清楚，层次分明，语言简练，用词准确。
3. 说明文只是客观地介绍、解释事物，不带任何感彩，不需要生动的例证和解释细节。
4. 文章的时态通常是一般现在时，用于强调客观事实，被动语态也比较常见。
说明文的篇章结构：
开头the beginning——对要说明的事物或事情简要介绍 （如：说明缘由）
主体the main body——按照题目提供的信息分层次，按一定顺序进行说明，注意语言客观而简明，说明内容在层次和顺序上具有内在的逻辑性。
结尾the en你到底想说什么——一两句收尾的句子，表示说明到此为止。(如题目没有特殊要求，不要写个人对此事物的看法或观点。)
（NEMT2005 全国）
假设你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。 以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。 请你给该报写一封信，反映讨论结果。
赞成迁出： 反对迁出：
1. 顾客多， 交通堵塞2. 郊区环境好 1. 建于1906年，中外闻名2. 搬迁易造成动物死亡
注意：
1. 词数100左右，信的开头已为你写好。
2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 参考词汇：郊区——suburb
July 5, 2005
Dear Editor,
Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city.__________________________________________________________
Yours truly,
Li Hua
要点解析：
有两种意见：
1. 赞成的人的理由：1）顾客多，交通堵塞；2）郊区环境好
2. 反对的人的理由：1）建于1906年，中外闻名；2）搬迁易造成动物死亡
表达时注意理由的递进关系和因果关系.
Dear Editor,
Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about
whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city. Some (开头：交待讨论主题)
of my classmates are in favor of the move. They say large (有的人赞成迁出)
crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams. They (赞成的理由1)
also say that once moved, animals will have more space and (赞成的理由2)
better living conditions in the suburbs.
However, other students are against the idea, saying that
the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years, and is (有的人反对迁出)
well-known at home and abroad. So it should remain where it is. (反对理由1)
What’s more, moving may cause the death of some animals. (反对理由2)
To move or not, this is a big decision which has to be
made by people in Beijing.
Yours truly, (结尾：仍需作决定)
Li Hua
（四）应用文体：
应用文体是人们日常生活和工作中广泛使用的文体。书信、通知、请柬、便条、日记、演讲稿、履历表等都是常见的应用文体。
应用文体的写作要点：
1. 应用文的语言一般来说都比较规范，有它们特定的语言表达方式，在平时就要积累不同文体的常见套话。（如开头和结尾的套话要运用恰当，符合文体特点。）
2. 应用文的目的在于传达给众人基本信息，如理由、时间、地点、参加人、活动内容等，在写作时要注意这些要点的明确体现。
3. 应用文的语言重在实用，力求语言平实、准确、简洁，句子不要过长，让读者一眼就明白文章想要表达的要点。
4. 不同的文体会采用不同的时态，如：日记一般用过去时，通知和请柬采用一般现在时和将来时等。
应用文体的篇章结构：
开头：the beginning——不同的应用文会有不同的开篇套话来交待事由。
如：书信——I am glad to receive your letter. In your letter, you asked me about … Here is my idea.
Many thanks for your last kind letter. In your letter…
通知——Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention please
I have something important to tell you.
日记——This afternoon, I went to …
求职信——I wish to apply for the position of …
主体：the main body——用简单明了的语言将试题提示用英语表达出来，包含全部的基本信息。表达顺序基本为时间、地点、参加人、活动内容等。
结尾：the en你到底想说什么——用不同文体的套话来结束文章。
如：书信——I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Please give my regard to your family.
通知——That’s all. Thank you very much.
日记——Though we were very tired, we felt very happy.
求职信——If you consider my application, please let me know. I am looking forward to hearing from you. Thanks a lot.
（NEMT2004 全国）
假设你是李华，你的美国老师Miss Morgan 要求你们明天下午去听一个美国历史的讲座。你因故不能参加。请你根据以下要点，写一封信向Miss Morgan请假。
内容要点：
1. 表示歉意
2. 理由：去机场接人
3. 询问：是否有录音，以便补听讲座
注意：1. 词数100字
2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
Dear Miss Morgan,
_________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
解析：短文必须包括的要点:
1. 对听讲座请假并表示歉意
2. 机场接人
3. 是否有录音
4. 补听录音
篇章解析：
Possible version:
Dear Miss Morgan,
I am so sorry that I won’t be able to attend the lecture on (表明对听讲座请假)
American history tomorrow afternoon. My uncle is returning (请假缘由)
home from France, and I have promised to meet him at the
airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon.
I am very much interested in American society and history. (询问讲座录音的事)
I wonder if it is possible for the talk to be recorded. And if so,
could I borrow the tape It would mean a great deal to me to (希望补听录音)
listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua英语作文考什么 注重积累
一、形式猜想
综观历年高考英语试卷，可看出书面表达题都采用指导性作文(guided composition),即根据所给的信息(information)和思想(idea)来作文。这些试题对写作的目的、对象、体裁及字数等都有明确的规定，写作内容则以文字、图画或图表的形式提供。书面表达的基本写作标准为：内容切题，文理通顺，语言准确。体裁则有记叙文、说明文、应用文、议论文和论说文等。
针对全国卷英语考试大纲的两项修订和调整，估计2006年高考英语变化不大，试卷难度会与去年持平，但会有所发展，有所创新，估计书面表达题会要求考生在给出的特定情景下按照特定的要求进行书面表达。这种形式可以考查出考生的书面表达水平，同时又能够有效地保证评卷的客观性、准确性。运用外语是双向行为，应该在重视培养接受能力的同时重视表达能力的培养。
二、注意事项
要写出一篇优秀书面表达，不仅要语言准确恰当、条理清楚，没有语法错误，还必须做到“二扣，三避，四性”。
(一)二扣和三避
即在内容上紧扣要点，紧扣主题；避写感想，避写心得，避写体会，切忌脱离主题任意发挥，写一些“题外话”。如何做到紧扣主题呢？那就是紧跟主题句展开叙述，切忌受汉语思维的影响，去写一些自己的感想、心得、体会等。如果这样做不仅违反了英语的表达习惯，而且还会偏离主题，容易出错。
同时，还须注意不要超过字数。高考书面表达评分标准中指出，词数少于80个或多于120个的作文从总分中减去2分。
(二)四性
即准确性、简洁性、连贯性以及表达方式的多样性。
准确性：就是要求写出语法正确的句子，包括时态，语态，用词，句法等。
简洁性：就是要做到语言简洁，不重复。
多样性：就是能随情景内容的变化写出句式多样的语句。如强调句、倒装句，各种从句和固定句型等。简单句、并列句、主从复合句等长短句要交错使用，避免千篇一律的短句和简单句。但是，千万不要为用复杂的句型而造句，那样会影响语篇的连贯性，也不要刻意为追求复杂句而不顾承上启下，否则，这样的短文可能就是一篇按要点一句一句翻译而成的漂亮句子而已，而不是一篇流畅的短文。
连贯性：要根据整篇短文意思的需要而选用恰当的连接词，过渡句。但不要牵强附会，该用则用，不可乱添，过渡要自然。平时有些学生把and, then乱用一通，搞得句子一点不清爽，句子有头，却不知尾在何处。这些学生除了and, then之外似乎就不知还有哪些可用作语篇连接词了。
(三) 排除母语的干扰
在表达过程中，应选用自己熟悉的和有把握的词汇及句型，千万不能自己去创造或生搬硬套汉语式的句子。如有人把“我认为周末应该一天学习，一天休息”错误的写成“I think on weekends should one day study, one day rest.”正确的表达应是“I think one day of the weekends should be used to study, the other day to rest”. “从公园大门进”写成“enter into the park by the big door”，正确的应是“enter the park by the main gate”. 如果遇到确实难以回避的内容，一时又想不起确切的表达法，那就要“拐弯抹角”地去表达，尽量找同义或近义的词语或句型来代替，英语有句谚语：“All roads lead to Rome.”这样既可节约时间，又可避免犯大的错误。如“得第一名”可以有以下表达法“win the first prize”,“get the first place”等。
再如“尽管他生病，他仍然坚持工作”，可以表达为：
Although/ Though he was ill, he stuck to his work.
As/ Though he was ill, he kept on working.
While he was ill, he continued his work.
Although/ Though he fell ill, yet he didn’t stop his work.
He went on with his work in spite of his illness.
In spite of the fact that he was ill, he continued working.
He got sick, but he still didn’t stop working.…
三、范文欣赏
教育部最近在西部地区实施了"两免一补"，你校组织高三学生开展了一场讨论，主题是：周末双休日要不要上课。请根据下表提供的信息，写一篇短文，客观地介绍一下讨论的情况。词数100左右。
30%
1. 要上课
2. 高考6月举行，要抓紧时间复习
30%
1. 要上课
2. 休息好，提高学习效率
40%
1. 其中一天学习，一天休息
2. 学习与休息两头兼顾
Sample writing：
Recently, the students of senior 3 in our school have had a discussion about whether we should have classes on weekends.
30% of them think they should have classes on weekends because the college entrance examinations will be held in June, and students should make full use of free time to review what they have learnt.
Another 30% are against the idea of having classes on weekends. They believe students should have a good rest on weekends so that they can study more effectively during the weekdays.
The other 40% of the students don’t agree with either of the ideas above. In their opinion, study and rest are both important for students. They suggest one day of the weekend should be used to study and the other day to have a rest.-英语书面表达的开头和结尾
贵州省册亨民中 卢克茂
一篇文章通常可分为三个部分，即开头、正文和结尾。这三个部分安排是否得体，直接影响到文章的质量。
文章的开头一般来说应尽量做到开门见山，用简单明白的叙述引出文章的话题，使读者了解文章要谈论什么，一下子引起读者的兴趣。
英语书面表达常见的开头形式大致有以下几种：
1．开门见山，揭示主题
文章一开头，，就交待清楚文章的主题是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎样
度假)的开头是：
I Spent my last vacation happily．
下面是题为"Honesty"(谈诚实)一文中的开头：
Honesty is one of the best virtues．An honest man is always trusted and respected．On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a "liar"，and is looked upon by honest people．
2．交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头
在文章的开头，先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。例如"A Trip to Jinshan" (去金山
旅游)的开头：
The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. The bus ride there took three hours. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us.
3. 回忆性的开头
用回忆的方法来开头。例如"A Trip to the Taishan Mountain"(泰山游)的开头是：
I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday.
4．概括性的开头
即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如“The Happiness of
Reading Books”(读书的快乐)的开头：
People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.
5．介绍环境式的开头
即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。如“An Accident”(一场事故)的开
头是:
It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner.
6．交待写作目的的开头。
在文章的一开头就交待写作目的，如通过文章要表扬谁，批评谁，或说明一个什么问题
等。如 "Pollution Control" (控制污染)的开头：
In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control.
文章结尾的作用是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意义表达得更加深刻。
文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的，常见的有以下几种：
1． 首尾呼应，画龙点睛
在文章的结尾，把含义较深的话放在末尾，以点明主题，深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效
果。如"I Cannot Forget Her" (我忘不了她)的结尾：
After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away, but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people.
2． 重复主题句
结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到强调的效果。如“I Love My
Home Town”(我爱家乡)的结尾：
I love my home town, and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland.
3. 自然结尾
随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Fishing”(钓鱼)的结尾：
I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours, but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing, we lay down on the river bank, bathing in the sun. We returned home very late.
4．含蓄性的结尾
用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法，而是让读者自己去领会和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”(收割的日子)的结尾：
Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were wet with sweat, but on every face there was a smile.
5．用反问结尾
虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，并具有特别的强调作用，引起读者深思。如 "Should We Learn to Do Housework " (我们要不要学做家务 ) 的结尾。
Everyone should learn to do housework. Don't you agree, boys and girls
6．指明方向，激励读者
结尾表示对将来的展望，或期待读者投入行动。如“Let's Go in for Sports”(让我
们参加体育运动)的结尾：
As we have said above, sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work bettter. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let's go in for sports.
文章的结尾没有一定的模式，可以根据表达主题的需要灵活创造。一般的习惯是，一些记叙文和描写文经常采用自然结尾的方法；但说理性和逻辑性较强的说明文和议论文则往往都有结束语，以便使文章首尾呼应，结构完整书面表达
解题方法
１．仔细审题。
先弄明白格式、文体。如果是让你写信，你要弄清收信人，写信人；如果让你写通知，要记住口头通知需要"前言后语"，也就是说开始要打招呼，要说Attention，please之类的话，结束要说That's all, thank you；如果让你看图写话，要注意如果是故事性的，例如前几年考的"看奶奶"，"小狗救人"，"骑车带人"，"参观农场"，要确定基本时态为过去时。如果是描写一个地方，介绍一个产品，那主要应用一般现在时。
２．确定内容要点。
内容要点一个也不能丢，如果人家给的是文字提示，可以用笔在试题外标出１、２、３、４，如果人家给的是图，那要先看懂图画的意思，每个图都要看看再动笔，不要看了一个图马上就写。
３．应该写草稿。
许多学生在做单项填空时左思右想，反复考虑，很舍得花时间，而留给写作文的时间往往就十来分钟，这其实是不会考试。写作二十五分呢，不比单选的那两三道题重要？写草稿，但要快，修改后再抄一遍，三四分钟即可，既减少错误，又可使卷面整洁。
４．尽量用简单句写，用见过的句型写。
决不要生造自己没过的句型，也不要为了显示自己的才华故意用上一两个大词、怪词。须知最主要的是把意思表达准确，把事情说明白，能用简单句把意思表达清楚，那这个简单句就是最漂亮的句子。先搭架子，后放砖。如：我昨天在这个饭馆吃了一顿好饭。
I had a dinner. 就是一个架子，而后再加时间，地点状语。
５．一种方法不会，争取用另一种近似的句式来对付。
比如说，表达花钱买东西这个意思，I paid 5 dollars for the book.可是这个for弄不准了，究竟该用for还是on，还是to，记不清了。那就不要瞎凑一个。可以换用cost，即The book cost me five dollars.也可用I spent 5 dollars on the book
６．多从交际的角度考虑问题。
什么话该说，什么话不该说，要想明白。比如有的写信末尾总要带一句Remember me to your family.你了解人家家庭情况吗？不了解就别乱问候。
７．注意书写、拼写、标点符号和大小写。
提高措施
１、写的能力要在写的实际中提高。不动笔写，只研究语法规则，永远也不会有真的提高。希望想写好英语作文的同学，赶紧动笔，写句子，写小短文，认真完成每篇练习作文，积极认真修改每次练习中自己所出的错误，认真听老师讲课。 ２、注意最基本的句型。英语的基本句型共５个，它们是：
Ａ．主语＋谓语
The story happened yesterday.
Ｂ．主语＋谓语＋宾语
They study English.
Ｃ．主语＋系动语＋表语
They are from London.
Ｄ．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语
She made Tom stand there.
Ｅ．主语＋谓语＋双宾语
I gave Tom a book.
这五个句型是最基本最重要的，加上一些别的成分，如定语、状语，改变一下动词形式，变换一下词的顺序，就可以表达各种各样的意思。同学们应该先把这几个句型背熟，写好。
3、正确使用标点。
4、学生在答卷中出现的问题：
（１）文不对题。有的为了凑词数，随便乱加漂亮句子。如有一题考写信，告诉对方拿错了笔记本，请交换。有的同学就在开头写了"I am happy to write to you."这个句子本身不错，用在此处则不合适。拿错了笔记本有什么好高兴的呢？
（２）缺漏内容要点。文字提示或图上所有内容，都应写到，提示上说几条，一条也不应丢掉。
（３）格式有错。如写信，写通知，发言稿等要注意格式。或词数不合要求。高考要求写出的作文100个词左右，超出120个词或低于70个词都要扣分。
（４）拼写错误。由于动笔较少的缘故，有的同学常用单词也写错。用汉语拼音拼写的地名、人名由于受地方口音的影响，也有的常拼错。至于名词复数，动词现在分词，过去分词，形容词比较级，序数词等，明知该用此种形式，就是拼不对，也大有人在。
（５）生编硬造自己不懂别人也不懂的句子。如"half past seven（７岁半）"。
（６）语言错误。包括句型用错，词汇用错，搭配错误等
其中最常见的错误有以下十个：
Ａ．My mother work in a school.
work应加s，即在第三人称单数后面。这类错误即使在好学生的作文中也不难发现。
Ｂ．They are worker. 名词复数应加s。
Ｃ．My aunt worked hard and he was busy. aunt是女的，不是男的，人称代词应用she。
Ｄ．Their parents are all from London.
此处all应为both，因为parents是两个人，不定代词也是学生容易用错的词。
Ｅ．They get up early yesterday. 应为got up，用过去时。
Ｆ．My school set up last year.
应为was set up，用被动语态，学校是被建立的，而不是自己建起来的。
Ｇ．Some people is waiting at the stop. is应改为are，因为people是复数。
Ｈ．I had not money with me. 这种否定不合适，应为not any，或把not改为no。
Ｉ．They worked hard and they failed in the exam. and应为but，这是一种转折。
Ｊ．A number of students came here on last Sunday. 去掉on，在last Sunday前不用介词。
以上所举十个例子，如果单拿出来让同学们改错，恐怕许多人都能把它们全部改正过来。那为什么在写作文的时候，就提笔出错，连最基本的语法规则也忘了呢？
写作文的时候，学生的注意力往往集中在要表达的内容上。由于平时学习语法总是理论研究得多，实际上写得少，一到了动笔时，就把平时记得的规则全忘了。这要通过大量的写的实践，才会逐步改进。
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1高中英语书面表达步步高讲练
一、规范书写
书写是一个人的基本功，是其综合素质的体现。高考书面表达评分标准规定，评分时要注意“拼写及标点符号的准确性”，“如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。”
1. 移行的规则
移行应遵循单词的音节。音节的划分一般为“一归后，二分手，字母组合手拉手”。
“一归后”：指两个元音字母之间有一个辅音字母时，在移行划分音节时，这个辅音字母归后，如：student→stu-dent, definite→de-fi-nite。
“二分手”：指两个元音字母之间有两个辅音字母时，在移行划分音节时要分属前后。如：supper→sup-per, middle→mid-dle, compound→com-pound。
“字母组合手拉手”：指凡是固定字母组合的发音移行时不可分开，如：picture, national中的ure, tion不能拆开。
一下细节问题更要注意：
（1）一个字母构成的音节，不能在它的前后拆开移行，如ahead, idea不能拆成a-head, i-dea。
（2）单音节词不论其长短都不能拆开移行，如：text, horse, straight。
（3）带有铅坠或后缀的词移行时，应在前缀与词根相接处拆开移行，如：careful→care-ful, boyhood→boy-hood。
（4）复合词移行时，应在连字符处或构成的两部分之间拆开。如：bookstore→book-store, headmaster→head-master。
（5）有些动词的简略式不可拆开移行，如：aren’t, don’t, haven’t, shouldn’t等。
（6）词尾-ed，-es等中的e不发音第 1 页 共 1 页时，就不算一个音节，不能拆开移行，如：walked, stayed, goes。
2. 规范三写
单词或字母的大小写、拼写和书写达到规范化。
（1）考生要把字母写得易于辨认，尤其是a, o；u, r, v；e, t, c；h, l等在手写体中易于混淆的字母，一定要写清楚。
（2）应特别注意英语文章标题中的大小写的写法，一般来说实词、拼写较长的介词的首字母要大写，简单做法可以有只大写标题的首单词的首字母，其余均小写；另外有些学生会将小写s占格为大写，这也是要杜绝的。
（3）干净整洁的卷面可以打动阅卷老师的心，有可能获得意外的高分。
二、正确使用标点符号
高考书面表达评分细则规定，评分时“要考虑标点符号的准确性。”英语的标点符号和汉语的标点符号有相似之处，但也有不同之点。尤其是英语中的逗号、句号和分号与汉语的用法不甚相同。
1. 逗号——英语中最小的停顿。主要用于:
(1)逗号和并列连词and, but, or, nor, for, so等一起用来连接两个独立分句。
We didn’t know the address, but we had their telephone number.
We must go now, or it will be late.
(2) 逗号用在引导性的介词短语、分词、ing形式、不定式和从句之后。
When the sun went down, we started the fire.
In the middle of the room, there is a big Christmas tree.
Exhausted, she fell asleep on the chair.
(3) 逗号用于分隔非限制性句子成分。
For most foreigners, who have no knowledge of English, language is the chief problem.
Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth, is one of his greatest plays.
(4) 逗号用在一系列结构平行的句子成分中。
He speaks slowly, clearly, and emphatically.
I studied English, French, and Latin.
(5) 逗号用于分隔插入成分、过渡词语和对照词语。
The picnic, it seems, will be held on Sunday.
You, too, may have a try.
The problem, however, remains unsolved.
(6) 逗号用来分隔感叹句、呼语词和反意疑问句中的附加疑问句。
Goodness, did the bell ring
Excuse me, sir, is this a bank
You will not leave, will
(7) 逗号用来分隔句子的修饰语（独立成分）。
Considering the weather, we made a good time.
Generally speaking, women are more careful than men.
(8) 逗号用来把yes, no与句子的其它部分分开。
Yes, he is.
No, I don’t.
(9) 逗号用于分隔日期、地点、地址、数字、书信、头衔、直接引语等。
She graduated on July 6, 1996, from Beijing University.
He lives in St. Louis, Missouri.
1,918,102
Dear John,
Jerry Smith, M.A., Ph. D.
She said, “Only a fool would believe you.”
(10) 为避免误解、明确句子意思而必须时，用逗号。
As far as I can ~, the result has not been promising.
Whatever is, is right.
After he broke his hand, writing was very difficult for him.
2. 句号——英语中最普通的终止号，它标志着除感叹句、直接疑问句以外的所有句子的结束。主要用于：
(1) 陈述句和祈使句后。
Honesty is the best policy.
Be sure to get here on time.
(2) 用于间接疑问句。
He asked us where we got the money.
(3) 用于缩写词后。
Mr. Jones Dr. Richards St. Nick Ph. D. Oct. etc.
(4) 用在小数的数字中。
0.4 99.9% $3.98
3. 分号——由逗号和句号合并而成，它是强于逗号、弱于句号的分隔号。主要用于：
(1) 用于两个独立的分句之间。凡两个分句没有并列连词and, but, or, nor, for等连接时，就必须用分号。
The girls did the dishes; the boys swept the floor.
First he learned Spanish; later he also took French.
(2) 用在由连接副词连接的独立成分之间。在连接副词however, therefore, consequently, nevertheless, moreover, accordingly, also, thus, otherwise等连接的独立分句之间，要用分号。
There was more money left; therefore, we decided to plan a trip to Qingdao.
Most of the class went on the trip; however, Liu Hua stayed at school.
My alarm didn’t go off on time; consequently, I missed the train.
(3) 分隔带有逗号的一些列词组和从句。
He had a car, which he hadn’t paid for; a wife, whom he didn’t love; and a father, who was very old.
The most significant dates of the Civil War were April 12, 1861; July 3, 1863; April 9, 1865.
注意：
在任何一种位置上，分号都仅出现在并列成分之间，即两个语法成分相同的成分之间。再如：
A hundred years ago, 50 percent of Americans were farmers; today, only 4 percent are farmers.
独立分句之间的连接方式有三种：1. 用并列连词连接；2. 用分号和连接副词或由分号单独连接(意义比较紧密的句子)；3. 用句号连接。
在书面表达中，有不少考生不注意标点符号的使用，或都是句号，或一逗到底，因此失分，甚为可惜。还有一些是因为受汉语的影响而出现错误。如：
His house is next to the school, he is always the first to come.
这个句子是错误的。这种用逗号分开，而又不相互依存的两个或多个简单句构成的整句在英语中是错误的。可改为：
His house is next to the school, so he is always the first to come.
Because his house is next to the school, he is always the first to come.
PAGE
高中英语书面表达步步高 第 1 页 共 3 页高考英语临阵磨枪书面表达
一.考纲要求：
1.字数：100字左右。低于80字或多于200字2分。在标准答卷中，有14行格子，每行写8－9个字，共写12行左右。已给出的首句不计数。
2.作文形式：情境作文，包括提纲、图表、图画式等。
3.体裁格式：记叙文、议论文、论说文、应用文等
4.评分要求：1）内容要点要全；2）应用词汇、语法结构的数量和准确性；3）上下文的连贯性和语言的得体性。
二.写作准备：
1.平时要记写作的套，背常用短语、句型和过渡词。
2.动笔前要弄清：1）体裁格式；2）主体时态；3）人称；4）分几段，用什么过渡词；5）列出内容要点。
3.每段第一句话应为本段的主题句。
4.用有把握的句式：用自己最熟悉、有把握的词语和句型把所规定的内容加以表达。对拿不准的表达，可采用改换另一种方式，当然不能改变原有的意思。在表达时，句子宜短不宜长，全文只用1－2句复合句。常用的复合句有定语从句，状语从句、并列句。
三.提纲式作文：
[高考题]2005山东
假设你是新华中学的学生李华，得知某英文报招聘兼职记者，你有意应聘。请按下列要点给报社写一封自荐信。
●表示感兴趣
●说明优势：知识面、英语水平、合作精神、相关经历
●希望得到回复
注意：
1.词数：100左右 2、可适当啬细节，以使行文连贯
Dear Sir/Madam,
写作示范：
1、准备：1）体裁格式：书信 2）人称：第一人称 3）主体时态：一般现在时 4）分三段写
5）内容要点：
（1）我是新华中学的学生李华（2）我得知你们要招聘兼职记者
（3）我对这份工作很感兴趣
（4）知识面 （5）英语水平 （6）合作精神 （7）相关经历 （8）希望回信
2、范文：
Dear Sir / Madam,
I’m a student from Xinhua Middle School. I’m glad to learn that you want a few part-time Englsih reporters. I’m quite interested in it.
I think I’m fit for the job.(主题句) As a student, I’ve read a lot and have much knowledge in many fields. I’m fond of English and do well in both speaking and writing. Besides, I’m easy to get along with and enjoy working together with others. Above all, I once worked as a reporter for my school broadcasting station （学校广播站）. So I’m sure I can do the job well if I get the position.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
3、启示：
1）用适当的短语：be interested in (have interest in ), be fit for, be fond of, do well in =be good at, get along with (相处), enjoy doing, work as, look forward to
2) 重视连接词，使行文连贯：用and 3次，还用了besides（此外，还有），above all（尤其重要的是），so（所以，因此）
要学会使用这些词：and, then, however, besides, also, thus（因此）,but, so, once again（再一次）, suddenly, after that, What’s more＝moreover (还有)，above all, What’s worse = to make matters worse=worse still（更糟糕的是）, at the same time (同时，还有)， in addition (此外)
[创新题]
校刊“英语园地”为配合学校创建“绿色校园”的工作，开展了“创建绿色学校英语征文活动”，根据提示用英文写征文稿。
要求如下：
存在的问题：1、浪费水、电
2.乱扔可回收的饮料瓶、旧书本等
3.……
个人看法和建议：1、对学生进行环保教育
2、从关灯、回收废物等小事做起
3、……
注意：1、词数100左右 2、适当增加细节，使行文连贯 3、开头已给出
The Green School Project has become part of environmental education in our school.However, there are still a lot of probems in our school.（主题句） Very often you come across an emty classroom with the lights on. It’s not difficult to find evidence of wasting water, a serious problem. Besides, students don’t recycle enough, throwing the soft drink bottles, used exercise papers and books. Worse still, many students use non-environmentally friendly luch boxes, causing the white pollution.
These things show that many students lack the sense of environmental awareness. （主题句）In my opinion, it is important to educate students to be more environmentally friendly. (students should be educated to be aware of the importance of protecting the environment.) At the same time, students can do some small things, such as turning off the lihts, collecting used things for recycling and saving water. Always remember that it is everyone’s duty / responsibility to proctect the environment. Only when all the students are aware of that can we build a green school.
图表类
一.表格提示
[高考题]2005年湖南
假设你是李平，最近参加了由某电视台举办的中学生英语演讲比赛并获奖，该台准备组织获奖者去北京参加一次英语夏令营活动，现就有关事项征求你的意见。请根据下表所提供的信息用英语以书信形式给予答复。请在答题卡上作答。
活动时间 7月15日～22日或8月15日～22日
活动内容 参加英语角 学唱英语歌曲听英语讲座 表演英语短剧看英语电影 教外宾学中文
对活动内容的建议或要求
请注意：
1. 选择适合你的时间，并说明理由；2. 选择两项你喜欢的活动，并说明理由；3. 对活动内容提出至少一个建议或要求；4. 词数：100左右；5. 信的开关和结尾已给出。
Dear Sir or Madame,
I'm very glad to be invited to the English summer camp.
I prefer to go in July because I'll have to prepare myself for the new school term in August. It seems all the activities you offer are attractive and meaningful. But I'd like to attend the English lectures, from which I can get more information on British and American culture. With the coming of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, more and more foreigners are eager to know about China. So I hope to teach foreigners Chinese and spread Chinese culture.
It's been a dream for me to visit Beijing. Could you organize a tour around the city during the camp
Thank you very much.
Yours truly,
Li Ping
[创新题]
某英文网站正在开展关于填报志愿时是首先考虑专业或是学校的讨论。根据提示用英语写一篇短文。
观点 理由
首选选择专业 1．可以学习自己感兴趣的东西.2、便于将来从事自己喜爱的工作
首先选择大学 学习环境对人的成长很重要名牌大学的毕业生在求职时常会受到青睐
你的看法
注意：1、词数100左右，开头已给出，不计入总数。2、可适当发挥，使行文连贯。
Every student will be faced with the question when he passes the college entrance examination: Should I choose a good major or a good university first.
范文：
Some students prefer to consider majors first so that they can learn what they are interested in. Also it will make it possible for them to do their favorable job in future.
However, some would choose a good university first rather than a major. They think the environment is important to one’s development and that graduates from key (leading) universities are more likey to find a good job.
In my opinion, the best choice is a good major at a good university. If we can’t obtain (get/choose) both, the first thing to consider is a good major, because wherever we study, we can still achieve a lot if we try our best.
[创新题]
假设你是李华，在杂志 Panorana看到下面的广告。
Don’t you want a better world for you and your children GREEN PLANETAssociation (协会) for Evironmental Protection Meetings informing you about what’s happening in the world Talks given Materials, mailed to members, with up-to-date reports, maps and fact files.MEMBERSHIP FEE $30230 SWINDON RD
你想加入这一组织，但一些具体信息不明确 (如下表)，你给该组织发一封电子邮件，询问有关情况,并提出你对活动的建议。
Meetings 多久举行一次，地点
Talks 专家还是会员主持
Materials 是否额外收费
Members fee 对学生是否优惠
注意：1、参考词汇： 额外收费 extra charge 2、开头已写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir,
I’m writing to you with regard to your ad published in the magazine Panorana.
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
范文：
I’m interested in envrionmental protection and am considering joining Green Planet. Here I want to know more information about your organization.
To begin with, I’d like to know how often and where the meetings are held. I am also interested in knowing if the talks are given by experts or by members of your association. As for the materials, do they need extra charge In addition, I’d like to know if you have have any special price for students.
Besides, I hope that you can organize some activities suitable for us students, especially the outdoors.
二.图例提示
[写作模板]
第一段：描述图例内容
1.As the chart shows / As cam be seem from the chart, great changes have been taking place in …(在…方面). In 2000, there were …(多少人做…). By the year 2006, the number of …(做某事) has reached up to(达到) …(多少).
2.The average number increased by 20% in the past 5 years.
3.The number of people who … has dropped / increased / risen from … to …
4. 表示上升：increase / go up / rise to (by)… (to 表示数量到了多少，by 表示数量增加的程度)
表示下降：decrease / come down / reduce / drop
第二段：说明原因
1． There are two main factors leading to this change. (主要有两个方面的原因导致了这种变化。) For one thing, ….. For another thing, ….
2. Several factors / reasons contribute to / lead to / result in / cause such changes. For one thing, …. For another thing, …. Besides, ….
第三段：陈述自己的看法
1.In my opinion,
2.Therefore, my opinion is that….
[创新题]
请你根据以下图表和提示，用英语写一篇关于我国手机拥有量变化的报道，并阐述手机给人们生活所带来的利与弊。
million
1.方便，随时随地联系
2.许多功能满足不同要求，如发短信，上网等
3.接到打错电话并为之付费
4.电磁辐射（radiation）有害健康
注意：词数100字左右。
范文：
As can be seen from the chart, great changes have been taking place in the ownership of mobile phones in China. At the end of 2002, there were 20 million mobile phone users. By the year 2005, the number had reached up to 30 million.
People have found mobile phones very convenient. They can get in touch with each other whenever and wherever they like. There are many different functions for different needs, such as sending short messages and surfing the Internet. However, it may also bring us some trouble. For example, you will have to pay for a wrong number, and the radiation from the phone may do harm to our health. In spite of this, the number of people having mobile phones is still increasing greatly.
议论文
一.观点对比
第一段：引出主题
1. I’m writing to tell you the discussion we’ve had about whether …(我写信告诉你我班关于某事的讨论) Opinions are divided on this matter.(There are two different viewpoints about it . / Among them there are two types of attitude in….在…方面有两种态度)
2. Recently I have made a survey about whether… (最近我对是否…作了一次调查). 100 people accepted my survey. Among them there are two types of attitude.
第二段：观点对比(展开)
1. 60% of the students are for the idea of doing … 60%的同学赞成做某事的想法). They believe that… Besides, … Above all, …
However / On the other hand, 40% of them don’t think so / don’t agree with them. In their opinion, … They suggest that…
2. 30% of them think that… and that…
Athother 30% are agaisnt the idea of doing… they believe that…
The rest / other 40% don’t agree either of the ideas above.(其余的40%不赞成以上任一种观点) In their opinion, …
第三段：陈述自己的看法
1. in my opinion / From my point of view, …
2. As far as I know, ….
结尾句：
Only when we… can we do …
Only in this way can we do…
模板2：
The topic about … is becoming more and more popular in our school recently. There are two sides of opinion about it.
Some students prefer to consider doing sth.(或 Some students say … is their favorite.) they think that… (理由一). What’s more, …(理由二). Moreover, … (理由三)
However, others believe … is a better choice for three reasons. (然而，其余的人认为做某事是一种较好的选择，有三个方面的理由) to begin with, … (理由一). Next, .. In addition, …
From my point of view, the former is surely a wise choice. The reason is that…(或者用：As far as I am concerned, I firmly surport the view that…(依我来看，我坚决支持这种观点… that引导同位语从句)
模板3：好处与坏处的对比
1. In recent years, … has been popular.
There are many advantages in…. First, … Second, …. Third, …
However, there’re some disadvantages. …. (之一). Besides, ….(之二). Also, …. (之三)
In my opinion, it is true that advantages are more than disadvantages.(依我看，的确是好处多于坏处) I think…
2.One big advantage of … is that…. / One obvious advantage of … is …. / Finally, …
While it is true that …. has many advantages, it is also important to realise that….(虽然某事确实有许多好处，但是意识到…也很重要。
模板4: 问题与建议
1. In recent days, we have to face a problem that… (近来，我们面临这样一个问题… that 引导同位语从句).
解决办法：With the help of modern technology, we now have many means to solve it. By doing …., we can… What’s the most important is that…
结论：in a word, it is clear / obvious that… Only when… can we ….
[创新题]
目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。某英文杂志社
拟对此现象向中学生征文，标题是“My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations”。请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。 内容要点如下：
主要原因 考试偏多、偏难
不用功、懒惰
取悦父母、老师
个人看法 作弊不对，违反校规
请你至少谈两点看法
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school. There are some reasons for such a phenomenon. As students, we often
take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. In addition, some of us are lazy and don’t work hard at their lessons. So when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.
In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. What’s more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.
本篇高分作文的亮点：
1.用了恰当的连接词，使行文连贯：as students, but, and, in addition, so, in my opinion, what’s more
2.用了较复杂的句型：
1)并列句：we often…, but sometines we…
2)非谓语形式：when taking …, they …
3)复合句：原因状语从句: it is wrong to do… because it …
3、词组短语：reason for…什么的原因， take exams 参加考试，work hard at 努力做， in order to do…为了， please sb. 使某人高兴， instead of 代替，而不是， break the rules 违反纪律，improve the study methods 改善学习方法，get well prepared for… 为…作好充分准备
本资料结束语：这份资料，我花了精力总结出来，结合了本人的积累，参阅了最新各地的模拟考题中的书面表达，自认为是份不错的资料。希望大家认真读读这份资料，对大家的写作一定会帮助的。希望大家在得高分。
Then why not join
用心 爱心 专心 121号编辑 1高考书面表达押题之开放作文
【押题依据】传统的书面表达,是一种控制性写作,即限定内容、人称、时态、文体、字数等,几乎没有自由发挥的空间。从某种意义上来说，是一种翻译，是一种非真实性写作。
这种试题形式不能准确地考查学生的实际英语写作水平，在一定程度上局限了学生思维、想象等能力发挥的空间。
而开放作文类似语文考试中的材料作文。试题给出一定的素材或主题，让学生在此基础上自由发挥，不受"文体形式、内容要点"限制，甚至不受词数的限定。
开放作文常考文体有两种：记叙文和议论文。 记叙文常给出学生一段材料，然后要求学生充分发挥想像力，拓展原材料内容，运用逻辑推理的方法，沿着材料的纵横方向发展。
议论文要求根据提供的材料，谈观点和看法。要求考生灵活处理所给材料，做到综合分析，辩证思考，提炼观点，力求论点合理，论据充分，论证严密。
[押题]Do you want to be a teacher
押中指数☆☆
根据下面的英文提示所提供的情景，续接一段文字。
I have a good mind to be a teacher in the future.Do you know why？
【范文示例】
Do you want to be a teacher？
I have a good mind to be a teacher in the future.Do you know why？
The first reason is that the profession is well worth admiring.The government think highly of the job. The second is that our Four Modernizations must need a large number of persons of ability with advanced technology and those ones need educating,and education needs teachers,which is very clear. The third is that teachers are the most unselfish and they are engineers of mankind’s soul, I think. I do admire my teachers. It is they that make me know a lot. The profession is very important and necessary to us all. The teachers should be respected.
So I want to be a teacher in the future.四类英语作文如何应对
图表作文
1.仔细审题，看懂图表的意思，整理要点，决定语言形式；
2.开头直截了当，尽快入题，不要拐弯抹角，拖泥带水；
3.行文一般以10个句子为宜。若用少于8句话来表达，句子容易表达不清；若用多于10句话来描述，则句子零乱与琐碎，文章缺乏整体感；
4.用最有把握的词语句型将规定内容加以表达，并根据图表大意议论；
5.应按照合理顺序，适当使用一些过渡性的连接词，将句子连珠成串；
6.结尾要干净利落，既不能拉杂，也不能草率，要显得自然，恰当得体。
提示议论文
文章开头，能依据提示确立主题句(topic)阐明观点或看法；使用连接词分层次说明理由、缘由(supporting sentences)；归纳总结，首尾呼应。做到论点正确无误；论据可靠充分。论据可以是人们公认的真理，也可以是经过实践考证的经典著作；论证合理严密。常用论证法有归纳法、推理法、对比法。
记叙文
一般说来有时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果六要素，写作时要明白清楚地给予表达。记人时，要注意介绍人物的身世、经历和事迹等。叙事时要描写事情发生与发展的过程。
应用文
主要以写信为主。英文书信由6个部分组成。它们是信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语、签字。格式一定要正确。信的正文和写文章一样，要分段写，每一段有一个中心思想。
四步打造高分英语作文
Step1：确定文体
常用文体有记叙文、说明文，还有应用文如书信等。近几年的高考书面表达多以应用文为主，提供的形式多以图画、提纲、表格出现，书写的格式大都是书信、通知。所以，考生还应该掌握信的称呼、开头、正文、结尾、签名等方面，另外，口头通知和书面通知的不同要清楚。总之，考生应根据写作提示分析材料，确定文体，闯过第一关。
Step2：确定时态和人称
考生要根据选好的文体和写作内容确定时态。一般来说，记人叙事多用一般过去时；发布通知多用一般将来时和祈使句式；发表议论大多用带有情态动词的一般现在时；人物介绍、现状说明常用一般现在时和现在完成时。定准时态后接下来一定要知道各时态的构成及用法要点，但要记住，写作时时态并不惟一，要依据表达内容而选定。
Step3：确定所需主要词汇和所用表达结构
在以上“两确定”的基础上，应该根据文章体裁和内容逐个地确定写作要点。对于图画和图表可在草稿纸上用中文列出。理清要点，然后选词造句，对列出的要点逐一翻译。这时要注意力求语言准确得当。平时写作要多进行发散思维，如是用very sorry还是terribly sorry；是surprised还是aston-ished。同时考生应学会尽可能使用较高级的语法结构和词汇，如非谓语动词、复合句等。最大限度地完美文章。
Step4：整理成篇 行文连贯
接下来要根据内容分清文章的层次，确定详略，将写好的单句要重新排列组合起来，使之前后连贯成一篇完整的文章。同时选用恰当的关联词使文章过渡自然，行文流畅。另外，根据内容编排，该分段时要分段，使表达清楚，一目了然。行云流水，整齐划一，闯过写作第四关。
图表作文模板
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), __作文题目的议题__ has been on rise/ decrease(goes up/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from__ in __ to __ in __. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that __.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for __. On the one hand, __. On the other hand, __ is due to the fact that __.In addition, __ is responsible for __.Maybe there are some other reasons to show __.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned,I hold the point of view that __. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
议论文模板
(1) 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
( 3 ) 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.
( 4 ) 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
应用文(申请信)模板
Your address
Month, Date, year
Receiver's address
Dear ...,
I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in .... And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising.
.../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, .... On the other hand, .... I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.
I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.
Best regards for your health and success.
Sincerely yours,
X X X
更多类型的作文模板
主题：高考英语话题作文模版：话题作文
Nowadays, there are more and more (某种现象) in (某种场合). It is estimated that (相关数据). Why have there been so many (某种现象) Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is (原因一). Besides, (原因二). The third one is (原因三). To sum up, the main cause of (某种现象) is due to (最主要原因). It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, (解决办法一). On the other hand, (解决办法二). All these measures will certainly reduce the number of (某种现象).
主题：高考英语作文模板：现象说明文
Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.
There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.
what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.
Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________
____.In Conclusion____________________.
一种事物或现象（负面意义倾向）
关于A的话题,早已引起了广泛的社会关注。如今在电视、报纸、日常生活的很多角落，都有越来越多的关于A的议论。
给A一个精确恒定的定义并非易事，因为它的概念涉及了科学、人性、思想、经济、社会、自然等广阔的领域。一般而言，我们可以这样描述A…
A能成为公众关注的焦点，主要是由于它对个人、集体乃至整个世界都有着不容忽视的不良影响。
认真分析后我们可以看到，A对社会/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，从最直观的角度来看，A的出现直接损害了（这里加入一句针对性的话，如人类的身体健康和环境的平衡） 。（举例）。其次，从更深一层次上讲，它为人类的精神文明蒙上了一层阴影。更可怕的是，由于A所产生微小利益，却促成了许多可悲的人们为其忘乎所以，破坏了人类生存的法则和空间。
事实上，A的出现是社会发展和人类进步的产物，A所带来的危害是人类进化过程中付出的代价。同时，A的产生来源于部分人们的自私和趋利性，他们看到的是肤浅和片面的利益，而从未从整个全局和人类整体的利益出发去认识和分析它。这使得A始终挥之不去。对此，我奉劝他们，跳出狭小的角落，用长远和全局的眼光去重新审视A。
而如今，我们已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我们必须从根源上杜绝它的产生，我们每一个人都应给予A高度的重视，用系统的和科学的方法去解决，唯有这样，避免它带来更多损失，我们人类前进的脚步才会更加平稳，更加欢快的迈向辉煌的明天。
One object or phenomenon (negative significance inclination.)
A has attracted extensive attention of the society. Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations of A can be found in TV programs, newspapers, ugogo and marry aspects of our everyday life.
Since its concept covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, ideology, economy, society and nature, A is difficult to be defined, precisely and fixedly. Generally speaking ,we can describe A as follows:…….
A’s status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its in negligible but harmful influence on individuals, collective, and even the whole world. It seems to have a strange power to drive some individuals or organizations to act wrongly. The essence of these wrong actions is:
(1) to gain personal, short-term and partial individual interest at the expense of damaging others’ long-term and overall interest;
(2) to adopt improper means to win more rewards with less input.
Situating under the shadow of A, individuals /organizations and violate natural law merely to obtain temporary, or even illusory interests. However, the result may turn out to be loss of really important and valuable resource or ability.
We must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by A, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.
Though with various reasons and forms, from the perspective of the essence, the problems brought by A originates from the fundamental principle of human ideology and material production. Thus, we should seek the solutions through setting foot on this principle.
Due to the depth and width of A’s harmful influence, we should draft our solutiogogotematically on the basis of deep analysis of A problem. We must acquire our power from technology, management, law and culture terrorm, effectively eliminate the shadow of A, and ensures ourselves a bright future.
主题：高考英语作文模版：对比观点题型
（1） 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。
1． 有一些人认为。。。
2． 另一些人认为。。。
3． 我的看法。。。
The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).
While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).
From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）. The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .
（2） 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点
Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）. For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).
In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二)．
Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)．
主题：高考英语作文模板：阐述主题题型
要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述．
１． 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．
２． 分析并举例使其更充实．
The good old proverb ----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.
First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三)．
In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.
主题：高考英语作文模板：解决方法题型
要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径
１． 问题现状
２． 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)
In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second, ---------------(举例进一步说明现状)
Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三).
Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处).
主题：高考英语作文模板：说明利弊题型
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）
１． 说明事物现状
２． 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）
３． 你对现状（或前景）的看法
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(Ａ的优点之一). Besides -------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.
But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)．
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)．
(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测)．)
高考英语满分作文
作文题目
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Bob将于九月到你所在城市的建新华文学校学中文，来信请你在学校附近为他找一套住房。请根据图画提供的信息，写信介绍住房的情况，并告知住房面积为25平方米，月租500元。
注意：1．词数：100左右：
2．参考词汇：房租—Tent(n.).
I’m very happy to receive your letter, and I’m glad to hear that you will go to China to learn Chinese here. I have already found a fiat for you. It is on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. Bus No.11 can take you there, and it is one stop before the Chinese School. The flat is on the third floor with 3 rooms, one of which is bedroom, the other two are bathroom and kitchen. There are a bed, a sofa, a desk and some chairs in this 25 square-metres small fiat, and the rent is 500 yuan per month. Maybe this fiat is not as good as your wish, but I’ll try my best to meet your needs. If it is not suitable enough, write to me and I will look for another better place.
Hope you will come here soon!
All the best!
Yours,
Li Hua
满分理由
本文格式正确，意思表述完整，行文流畅自然。作者在写作过程中注意长短句并用，还使用了以‘which，’引导的非限定性定语从句，从而使文章层次分明，富于变化，不愧为考场佳作。
Dear Bob,
Welcome to China! You wrote to me to find a place for you.
I have found an apartment on Fangcao Street near Jianxin Chinese School. It is on the third floor and there’re three rooms in it: a bedroom, a kitchen, and a bathroom. There is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair in the bedroom. The house is 25 square metres and the rent is 500 yuan per month.
Also from this house you can get to your school easily. Just take the No.11 bus at the bus-stop in front of the building. It is only one stop. At last, will you please tell me the time you arrive Then I’U be able to meet you at the airport, see you.
Best wishes !
Yours,
Li Hua
满分理由
本文格式正确，内容完整，表述清楚，衔接紧密流畅，时态语态使用准确，特别是结尾末段适度的发挥，既充实了内容，又符合逻辑，成为本文与众不同的亮点。
Dear Bob,
How are you these days
I’m so glad to know that you’ll come to our city to learn Chinese. You asked me to find a place for you. Now I’ve found one which I think is pretty good. The place is on Fang Cao Street which is near the No.11 bus stop. It’s just one stop away from Jianxin Chinese School.
There are three rooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a bedroom. Though it is not very big, only 25 square metres, I think it is suitable. By the way, the rent is 500 yuan per month. I hope you’ll like it. If not, I’ll try to find another place for you.
Yours,
Li Hua
满分理由
本文内在逻辑性很强，由远及近。由外及内，层次分明，错落有致。同时让步状语从句运用得恰到好处，很出彩，再则结构完整，从开头的问候语到结尾都很完备。
作文：
Dear Bob,
I’m glad to hear from you.
Welcome to our city in september. I’ve found a suitable house for you.
The house is on Fang Cao Street, not far from the Jianxin Chinese School. If you take the No.11 bus, it is just one stop.
It is a flat on the third floor of a building. It has three rooms, a living-room, a bathroom and a kitchen. You can cook yourself. The mirror, the basin and the bathtub are very convenient for you. In the living-room, there is a bed, a sofa and a desk with chair. The desk is next to the window. It will be good for study. The total size is 25 square metres and the rent is 500 yuan a month.
Will you be satisfied with this flat, or you want another one Just let me know. I’ll try my best to help you.
Yours,
Li Hua
满分理由
本文内容详实，描述具体细腻，用词适当准确，如“suitable house”、“not far from’’等，另外文中的选择疑问句也很有新意。
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高考英语作文范例
2004年秋季高考
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
老师要求你负责班级墙报( wall newspaper)工作并征求你的意见。在日记中表述你的决定并谈谈想法。
2005年春季
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你叫李宏，你校在为一批来自加拿大的交流学生征寻为期两周的住宿家庭。你有意申请，写封信说明你申请的理由。(包括所具备的条件)。
2005春季范文
Dear sir,
I hear that our school will welcome some Canadian students to stay with us for or two weeks. Students who want to invite them to stay can take part in it. I want to try.
First , my parents and I can speak English well. That benefits us to communicate with each other. Second, our house is big enough for he or she to stay. Furthermore , I live near the Huangpu River. It has a good view of Shanghai.
Last but not least , in my home, he or she will enjoy much China culture. My grandpa and grandma are good at handwriting. My grandma also has a good skill in Chinese painting.
I think our friendly will give him a both interesting and comfortable experience.
Thank you for your reading during your busy work.. I hope that you will agree with me .
Yours sincerely,
Li Hong
练习
假如你是王华，18岁生日后，真的有种长大成人的感觉。于是你想就父母对你的关怀和你今后的打算，以书信形式同爸爸妈妈谈谈。信的开头如下：
Dear Mum and Dad,
How are you doing
范文
Dear Mum and Dad,
How are you doing
I ‘m writing to you of my gratitude for your having brought me up and my future plan.
Dear Mum and Dad, I am already 18 years old, which shows that I have grown up. Whenever I am thinking of this, I can’t help feeling grateful to you . It is you who first give me encoutagement when I meet with difficulties, especially when I am not getting along well with my studies. Indeed, your inspiration seems to be a lamp, which offers me light of hope, courage and confidence. And more importantly, you are always teaching me to be good to others, and try to contribute to our society.
Dear Mum and Dad, I an now a senior three student , who is facing the competitive national college entrance examinations, So first of all, I ought to try my best to pass the exams. I am sure that through my great efforts I can and will be able to realize my beautiful dream of being a key university student. Then, I will strive to be an independent youth. The social situation I will be facing must be more competitive, so I will develop and prepare myself to be a youth with a strong sense of cooperation and competition. Believe in me, Mum and Dad, I will make a difference.
Best regards to you .
Yours sincerely,
Wang Hua
根据报道东方绿洲(Oriental Greenboat)要更名，有外国人建议用”Discovery Land” “Family Park” 或 “Youth Heaven ”。写出你的看法；或者你自己拟个名字，并陈述理由。
范文如下：
As is reported, Oriental Greenboat is planning to change its name. Many citizens as well as the foreigners have great interest in giving a new name such as “Discovery Land” “Family Park” or “Youth Heaven”.
It suddenly occurs to me that why don’t we call it “The World of Discovery ”.I’ve got several reasons to account for it.
First of all, the word “world” has a more meaningful definition than “park” or “ land”. According to my visit, Oriental Greenboat covers a vast area, and it is more appropriate to call it a “world” rather than a “park”.
Secondly, Oriental Greenboat provide the chance to enhance the relationship between family members and promote friendship between the youth. We are give the opportunity to relax and enjoy ,thus discovering what is of great importance in our life. Thirdly , students are involved in many activities there. They come to discover how they should cooperate and overcome the difficulties with their own efforts. This is a world for them to discover how wonderful and able they are!
To sum up , I think it would be a wise choice to name it “ The World of Discovery”.
主题：英语作文书面表达常用句型及短语
1、 学校生活及学习成绩
Be getting on well with one’s study
take several courses at school
have English (Chinese, Physics…) every (other )day work hard at …
put one’s heart into…
be interested in …
be fond of
like chemistry best
be good at …; be poor at …; do well in …; be weak in …
make progress in …; fail in …’ be tired of …’
pass the examination; give sb. a passing grade;
major in history 主修历史
He has the best record in school. 他的成绩最棒。
get a doctor’s degree 获得博士学位
be more interesting to sb.
learn about; succeed in…; be active in class (work);
take an active part in …; learn… by heart;
work out a (maths) problem; improve oneself in …;
get 90 marks for (English); get an “A” in the exam;
have a good command of…
lay a good foundation in (language study)
2、 师生关系
get on well with sb; like to be with students;
be gentle with us; be kind to sb;
be a strict teacher; be strict with one’s pupils;
be strict in work
We think of him (her) as …; help sb with sth;
praise sb for sth …; blame sb for sth..
give advice on …; question sb on …
be satisfied with …
correct the students’ homework carefully and prepare for the next day; give sb a lot of work;
try to teach sb good study habits; make one’s lessons lively and interesting; teach sb. sth.;
teach sb to do sth.
devote all one’s time to work;
admire (sb.for) his devotion to the cause of education
佩服他对于教育事业的献身精神。
3、课余活动及周末生活
spend one’s time in many different ways;
enjoy doing things by oneself; go swimming;
go for an outing; have an outing at (the seashore);
see the sights of Beijing; play the piano (violin);
play chess (basketball); have a swim;
have dances on weekends; have a picnic over the weekend;
go to the cinema; have a party; hold a sports meeting;
do some reading; help sb do sth; enjoy a family trip;
get everything ready for;
ride one’s bike with sb.to(the park);
There are a lot of activities at (the beach).
We enjoy a change from our busy life in the city.
She would like to bring sth. to the picnic.
It was a very relaxing Sunday.
There are good programmes on TV on weekends.
4、彼此沟通信息
take a message for sb; send a message to sb;
hear from sb; talk about/of sth; tell sb to do sth;
get information about…;
express one’s idea (feelings) in English;
Write sb a letter saying…; apologize to sb for …;
thank you for …; make a speech t at the meeting;
explain sth to s; look upon sb as …; think sb to be …;
take sb’s side
5、事件中人的态度
would like to do; allow sb to do;
keep sb from doing (prevent sb. from doing);
call on sb to do; be afraid to do (be afraid of …)；
fee like doing; insist on doing; drive sb. off;
speak highly of sb; speak ill of sb; think highly of sb;
force sb to do; offer to do; refuse to do; agree to do;
regret doing;
prefer to do A rather than do B; had better do;
would rather (not) do
6、事情过程
have the habit of doing…; have no trouble doing;
make up one’s mind to do;
prepare sb for …; give up doing…; do sth as usual;
do what he wants us to do; set about doing;
try one’s best to do…=go all out to do;
get into trouble; help sb out; do one’s bit for New China;
wait for sb to do; find a way to do; make friends with sb;
show (tell) sb. how to do…; take (send) sb to …;
I’m trying to find…;
I’m afraid we are out of …;
pass the time doing; feel a little excited about doing…;
can’t help doing…; do some good deeds to people;
be prepared for more hard work;
Some are doing A, others are doing B, and still others are doing C.
7、感观活动与思维活动
look around for …; look up (down) at …; catch sight of …;
take a look at …; hear sb do (doing); take notice of …;
take view of …; have a good understanding of …;
consider sb (sth) to be …; come to know…;
realize that …; know that +从句
8、情感与欲望
be pleased with …; be delighted in doing…;
take a pleasure in doing; be worried about;
feel surprised at …
be sorry for …; be angry with sb for sth;
be angry about …(为某事生气)；
look forward to doing…; wish to do; expect to do;
long for (long to do); be sick for one’s home;
have a strong desire to do …;
9、健康状况及治疗
be in good shape; be in good (poor )health;
feel weak (well, terrible, sick); have got a high (slight ) fever;
have a slight (bad) cold; take one’s temperature;
have got a pain in …; be good (bad) for one’s health(eyes);
It’s nothing serious. stay in bed until…;
save one’s life
10、其它
It (take)sb. some time to do…; It is said that …;
be fit for; be short of; be well dressed;
miss the lecture (train); change…into…;
waste time doing; spend time doing; be busy doing;
have no choice but to do; I can’t help it. be in need of…;
be mistaken about …; fall behind…; catch up with;
on behalf of; instead of; be welcome to do…;
Running, biking and swimming are popular in summer.
Skiing and skating are my favorite winter sports
11、信件开头常用语
You letter came to me this morning.
I have received your letter of July the 20th.
I’m writing to you about the lecture to be given next Monday.
I’m writing to ask if you can come next week.
How time flies! It’s three months since I saw you last.
Thank you for your letter.
In reply to your letter about (the exhibition this year)…;
Let me tell you that…
12、信件结尾常用语
Please remember me to your whole family.
Give my best regards (wishes) to your mother.
Best wishes.
With love.
Wish you a pleasant journey.
Wish you success. Wish you the best of health. (luck)
Looking forward to your next visit to China.
Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you.
Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.
13、阅路和应答
Go down this street
Turn night/left at the first crossing
It’s about…metres from here
You can’t miss it
In front of behind at/a the corner(不用in)
Pass two blocks
高考英语经典句式及过渡词
·力求变换各种句式
◎一般句式 例：He came here at 5 pm.yesterday.
◎否定句 例：He did not come here until 5 p.m.yesterday.
◎倒装句 例：Not until/till 5 pm.did he come here yesterday.
◎强调句 例：It was not until/till 5 pm.that he came here yesterday.
·多使用过渡性词语使句子连贯
表列举：for example、for instance、that is to say
表补充：besides、in addition、moreover
表对比：on the one hand…on the other hand、in spite of
表原因：because of、thanks to、due to、owing to
表结果：therefore、thus、as a result、so
表结论：to conclude、in a word、in brief、to sum up
表转折：however、nevertheless、yet
·正确使用连接词
－We are good friends and we should help each other.(并列连词)
－As we are good friends，we should help each other.(从属连词)
－Being good friends，we should help each other.
(非谓语动词)
高考英语作文常用修辞手法
文章最忌语言枯燥无味，一篇好的作文，语言应该生动形象。而恰当地运用修辞手法，可以使文字新鲜活泼、具体逼真，大大增强艺术表现力，扩大语言表达的范围；而且还可以激发读者的想象，给人留下深刻的印象。下面介绍一些英语作文中常用的修辞手法。
1. 比喻 (metaphor)
比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻：
明喻 (simile)：
用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如：
O my love's like a red, red rose. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。
The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。
He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。
Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream. 童年就像一场疾逝的梦。
暗喻 (metaphor)：
用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如：
He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。
The world is a stage. 世界是一个大舞台。
2. 换喻(metonymy)
用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the White House 代替美国政府或者总统， 用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol， 用the bar 来代替the legal profession，用 crown代替 king等。例如：
His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。
The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。
He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年继承了王位。
3. 提喻 (synecdoche)
指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如：
He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。
The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. 在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。
Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。
He is the Newton of this century. 他是这个世纪的牛顿。
4. 拟人 (personification)
把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法叫拟人。例如：
My heart was singing. 我的心在歌唱。
This time fate was smiling to him. 这一次命运朝他微笑了。
The flowers nodded to her while she passed. 当她经过的时候花儿向她点头致意。
The wind whistled through the trees. 风穿过树丛，树叶哗哗作响。
5. 委婉 (euphemism)
用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语，以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。例如：
用to fall asleep; to cease thinking; to pass away; to go to heaven; to leave us 代替 to die
用senior citizens代替old people
用 a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil
用weight watcher代替 fat people
用mental hospital 代替 madhouse或者 asylum
用emotionally disturbed代替mad
用washroom, men's / women's room代替 lavatory
用 handicapped代替 crippled
用low income brackets; underprivileged; disadvantaged 代替 poor people
6. 双关 (pun)
用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果：表面上是一个意思，而实际上却暗含另一个意思，这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。例如：
A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (arms可指手臂或者武器)
一发炮弹打断了他的腿，所以他缴械投降了。
“Can I try on that gown in the window ” asked a would-be customer.
“Certainly not, madam!” replied the salesman. 我可以试穿一下橱窗里的那件睡袍吗？或者：我可以在橱窗里试穿那件睡袍吗？
Seven days without water make one weak (week). 七天没有水使一个人虚弱。或者：七天没有水就是一周没有水。
7. 反语 (irony)
使用与真正意义相反的词，正话反说或者反话正说，从对立的角度运用词义来产生特殊的效果。下面就是莎士比亚的戏剧 Julius Caesar 中的一个运用反语的很好的例子，Brutus出于野心刺杀了 Caesar, Caesar 的好友Antony 讥讽Brutus 说：
Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest—
For Brutus is an honorable man;
So are they all, all honorable men—
Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral.
He was my friend, faithful and just to me:
But Brutus says he was ambitious;
And Brutus is an honorable man.
在 Antony 的话里反复使用 honorable这个词就是一个反语的例子。
8. 矛盾修饰 (oxymoron)
把相互矛盾的两个词用在一起的修辞方法。它利用词义表面的相互矛盾使表层的不和谐统一在思想内容的深层，从而揭示事物对立统一的本质特征，达到加深印象的目的。例如：
She read the long-awaited letter with a tearful smile. 她带着含泪的微笑读那封盼望已久的信。
The coach had to be cruel to be kind to his trainees.教练为了对他的受训者仁慈就要对他们残酷。
During his useful life he often felt he was useless. 在他大有作为的一生中他老是感到自己无用。
其他还有sweet pain; thunderous silence; luxurious poverty; heavy lightness; living death; impossible hope 等等。
9. 轭式搭配 (zeugma)
把适用于某一事物的词语顺势用到另外一事物上的方法。在同一个句子里一个词可以修饰或者控制两个或更多的词，它可以使语言活泼，富有幽默感。例如：
She opened the door and her heart to the homeless boy. 她对那无家可归的男孩打开了房门，也敞开了胸怀。
As I left home after breakfast, I shivered inwardly as well as outwardly. 早餐之后我离开家的时候，我的里里外外都在颤抖。
I would my horse had the speed of your tongue. 我希望我的马能有你的舌头的速度。
10. 移位修饰(transferred epithet)
将本应该用来修饰某一类名词的修饰语用来修饰另一类名词。例如：
There was a short, thoughtful silence. 出现了一阵短暂的、令人沉思的寂静。
The old man put a reassuring hand on my shoulder. 老人把一只令人安心的手放在我的肩膀上。
He closed his busy life at the age of sixty. 在六十岁时他结束了他那忙碌的一生。
This is the cheapest market in this country. 这是这个国家最便宜的市场了。
11. 头韵 (alliteration)
两个或者更多的词以相同的音韵或者字母开头就构成头韵。例如：
proud as a peacock
blind as a bat
safe and sound
Long and loudly little Lily laughed. 小莉莉长时间地、大声地笑着。
The windows waved violently in the wind. 窗户在风中剧烈地摇动。
The sun sank slowly. 太阳慢慢地下沉。
12. 渐进 (climax)
根据事物的逻辑关系，由小到大，由轻到重，由浅到深，由低到高，由少到多依次渐进地进行描述或论述。这种整齐的结构可以使人们的思想认识一层层深化提高，增强语言的感染力和说服力。例如：
I came; I saw; I conquer. 我来了；我看到了；我征服。
Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实；交谈使人机智；写作使人精确。
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 书有可浅尝者，有可吞咽者，更有少数须消化咀嚼者。
Lincoln recognized worth in the common people; he loved the common people; he fought for the common people; and he died for the common people. 林肯认识到平民大众的价值；他热爱平民大众；他为平民大众而斗争；他为平民大众而献身。
高考英语书面表达十练与答案解析
（1）
说明：今天是星期天，爸爸。妈妈和我，叔叔、婶婶和妹妹都去看爷爷和奶奶。请根据下图内容写一日记。
注意：日记须包括所有图画的内容，可适当增加某些情节，使短文连贯。字数100左右。
One possible version:
This afternoon all of us went to see Grandparents. My father and mother brought them something delicious. My grandparents were in poor healthy so my uncle and aunt brought them the medicine they wanted. My mother and aunt said they would prepare the supper and we had a talk with Grandparents in the sitting room. My little sister and I told them that we were getting on well with our studies and they were very happy.
Supper was ready, and all of us gave our best wishes to Grandparents. On our way home I was thinking I should often go to see them on Sundays.
（2）
李华在放学回家的路上经历了一次扑灭火灾的经过，请根据下图内容写一短文。
注意：短文须包括所有图画的内容，可适当增加某些情节，使短文连贯。字数100左右。已给出短文第一句。
One possible version:
One day Li Hua saw a big fire break out on his way home from school. The firefighters tried their best to control the fire. With the help of the firefighters a lot of people left the building safely. At that time, a foreign woman came in a hurry to tell the firefighters something. But they didn't understand what she said. Li Hua came to the woman and asked her what had happened. The woman told Li Hua that her daughter was still in the building. Li Hua told the firefighters about it at once. They immediately ran into the building. Two minutes later they rushed out with the little girl.
The foreign woman was very thankful to Li Hua and the firefighters for their help.
（3）
One possible version:
Xiaoming used to send a lot of cards to his friends at new year time.But one day he read a report in the newspaper,which said that cards are made from trees and that at present more and more trees have been cut down leading to serious floods in some areas.Xiaoming felt shocked at the report in the newspaper and realized the importance of protecting trees.From now on he decides to send his wishes to his friends by telephone instead of sending cards.to his friends at new year time
（4）
书面表达一致辞类
假如史密斯先生是你校聘请的外籍英语教师，现在聘期已满，下周就要回伦敦。明天你们要开一个欢送会，对史密斯先生表示欢送和感谢。现在，请你根据下列要点写一篇欢送词。
1．感谢史密斯先生二年来的辛勤工作；
2．平易近人，和蔼可亲；
3．对学生既严格又耐心；
4．上课生动有趣，大家喜欢上他的课；
5．学生的英语水平有了很大的提高；
6．祝他身体健康，一路平安。
注意：1．格式要求正确；
2．必须包括所有要点，但可适当增减细节，使内容连贯。
3．词数100个左右。
One possible version:
Dear friends,
How times flies! It is two years since Mr Smith came to our school. He will leave for London next week. In the past two years, Mr Smith has worked hard. He was strict with us in our English learning and always ready to help us with patience. He made his classes so lively and interesting that all of us enjoyed every minute of them. Our English has been improved greatly because of his creative work. Now, we' d like to express our thanks to him. We wish him a pleasant journey home and good health.
Thank you.
（5）
书面表达-活动安排
你3月15日（星期六）一天的活动安排如下，请根据此活动安排用英语写一篇日记。
时 间 地 点 活 动 安 排
8：00 校门口 欢迎德国学生（约30人）到校参观访问
8：30-9：30 体育馆 联欢会（get-together）,交换礼品
9：30-10：30 校园内 参观教学楼、实验楼、宿舍楼等
10：30-11：30 篮球场 友谊篮球赛
12：00 校门口 欢送德国学生离校
14：00-17：00 数家书店 和同学一块购买书籍和磁带等
注意：词数100左右。
生词：交换exchange;体育馆gymnasium
、One possible version:
March 15 Saturday Fine
About thirty German students came to visit our school today .
We gathered at the school gate at 8 o'clock to give them a warm welcome .Then we had a get-together in the gymasium .Our headmaster told them something about our school .And then we talked with each other and exchanged gifts .From nine thirty we showed them around our
school .They visited our classroom buildings ,the lad building ,and the dorm-tories. A friendly basketball game started on the sports ground at ten thirty .At twelve o'clock all German students left our school .
In the afternoon my classmates and I went to some bookshops .We chose and bought some
（6）会议通知
1．某中学将有一位美国教授布菜克博士来访，该教授将给师生们作一次报告，介绍美国的教育情况。学校要求同学们在星期三下午2：30准时到105大教室参加报告会，并带上笔记本，以便会后讨论。请你根据上面要点，用英语写一通知。(字数：80左右)
参考词语
美国教授American professor
有关教育的报告a report on education
作笔记to take notes
讨论to have a discussion
Notice
An American professor, Dr Black will visit our school this Wednesday afternoon. He will give us a report on the education in America. Everyone is supposed to be in Room 105, the big classroom exactly at 2:30 p.m. Wednesday. Please bring your notebooks with you and take notes while listening to the lecture, so that we can have a discussion about it after it is over.
（7）郊游通知
[题 材]
假如你是高三(2)班班长，你班要在5月4日即下星期六去庐山郊游。请你拟一份通知，准备向同学们宣读。内容包括：
1、郊游日期：5月4日，下星期六；
2、主要内容：攀登比赛、摄影等；
3、早餐后8点坐校车出发，午餐自带，下午3点回校；
4、欢迎全体同学参加。凡参加者先登记并交给班长5元钱。
注意：通知词数约70—120。要求意思连贯。
[范 文]
An Outing to Lushan
An Announcement
Class, please be quiet. I am glad to tell you that we have decided to have an outing to Lushan next Saturday, May 4th. The expense is about five yuan. Those who wish to go should put down the names on this piece of paper and give the money to me. We will go by school bus which is to start after breakfast at 8:00 a. m. and come back to school at 3:00 p.m.. Remember to bring your lunch with you.
We’ll have a contest of climbing the hill and take photos there. All the students are welcome. That’s all. Thank you.
Monitor
Class 2 of Senior Grade 3
（8）晚会通知
假如你是班长，通知你班同学本周星期六晚上7：30—在本班教室举行一次英语晚会，节目有唱歌、朗诵、讲故事、话剧等，要求本班同学都参加，欢迎外班同学光临，请同学们作好准备。(字数：80左右)
参考词语
朗诵recitation 节目programme (或program)欢迎to be welcomed表演 to perform
Fellow students, attention, please.I have some good news to tell you. We’re going to have an English evening, in our classroom at 7:30 on Saturday evening. The programme inclides songs, recitations, storytelling and short plays. Everyone in our clas must take part in it and students form other classed are also welcome. Everone who takes part in the party should perform once.
That’s all. Thank you.
（10）游玩的通知
请你以学生会名义，根据下面表格的内容写一则去人民公园游玩的通知。
参加者 高二年级全体学生
活动内容 1．12月28日，周六去人民公园，上午浏览东湖；2．中午在湖边野餐；3．下午参观植物园（the botanical garden ）.
集合时间和地点 早上6：50在校门集合；7：00开车。
注意事项 1．穿运动鞋；2．自带午餐和饮料；3．如有可能，每班带1——2部照相机；4．准时集合。
注意：1.词数100左右。2.通知的格式已写出。
Notice
Attention, please.
Notice
Attention, please .
The students of Senior Grade Two will go to the people’s Park for an outing on December 28,Saturday. In the morning ,we will visit the East Lake . We’ll have a picnic by the lake at noon .After that , we’ll visit the botanical garden .Please wear your sports shoes ,and take your lunch and drinks with you ,If possible ,each class can take a couple of cameras along so that you can take some pictures of the beautiful sights . We are to meet at the school gate at 6:50 a.m. The buses will start at 7:00 a.m. Don’t be late .
The Student’s Union
高考英语书面表达必备词组
首先，尤其重要的，最重要的 above all
偶然，无意中 by accident
对（于）…很积极 be active in
合计为 add up to
承让错误 admit one's mistake
接受某人的建议 take / follow one's advice
就…提出建议 give advice on
建议某人做某事 advice sb. to do sth.
后天 the day after tomorrow
毕竟；终究 after all
违心 against one's will
在…岁时 at the age of
实现目标 achieve one's aim
在空中；悬而未决 in the air
在户外，在露天里 in the open air
在机场 at the airport
火警 the fire alarm
满腔怒火 be filled with anger
因某人之言行而生气 be angry at sth.
生某人的气 be angry with sb.
通知 make an announcement
相继地，按顺序地 one after another
相互，彼此（三者或三者以上之间） one another
相互（指两者之间） each other
没有回答 give no answer
为…而担心 be anxious about
急于做某事 be anxious to do sth.
分开住 live apart
除了 apart from
因某事向某人认错或道歉 make/offer an apology to sb for sth.
与某人争论某事 argue with sb. about sth.
放在一边 lay sth. aside
请某人指点 / 帮助 ask sb. for advice / help
惊讶于… be astonished at sth.
以前，曾经 at one time
注意 pay attention to
对…抱正确的态度 take a correct attitude towards sth.
引起（注意，兴趣等） attract one's attention
仰卧／仰泳 lie / swim on one's back
重感冒 a bad cold
两件行李 two pieces of baggage
保持／失去平衡 keep / lose one's balance
在舞会上 at the ball
洗冷水澡 have / take a cold bath
阵亡 be killed in battle
在海滩 on the beach
整理床铺 make the bed
以…开始 begin with
在…起始，开始 at the beginning of
自始自终 from beginning to end
形成…局面；产生 come into being
安全带 a safety belt
三思而后行。 Second thoughts are best.
尽力，尽最大的努力 do / try one's best
尽量利用，善用 make the best of
一切顺利，万事如意 all the best
黑体地，粗体地 in bold
出身于农民家庭 be born in a peasant's family
鞠躬 make a bow
动动脑子 use one's brains
打破纪录 break the record
深吸一口气 take a deep breath
屏息；憋住气 hold one's breath
上气不接下气 out of breath
刷牙 brush one's teeth
突然哭起来 burst into tears
突然一阵大笑 a burst of laughter
要不是 but for
呼救声 a call for help
保持镇静（别慌） keep calm
保持安静（别吵） keep quiet
保持不动（别动） keep still
保持沉默（别说话） keep silent
夏令营 a summer camp
去野营 go camping
情不自禁… cannot help doing
打牌 play cards
照顾，保管 take care of
医疗护理 medical care
假若那样的话 in that case
以防万一 in case
下倾盆大雨 rain cats and dogs
赶上（或超过） catch up with
偶然 by chance
免费 free of charge
主管，在掌管之下 in charge
由…负责 in the charge of
掌管，负责 take charge
高兴起来 cheer up
童年时 in one's childhood
挑选，选择 make a choice
圣诞节时 at Christmas
去做礼拜 go to church
烟头 cigarette end
为…鼓掌 give sb. a clap
接近 get close to
一块桌布 a table cloth
一套衣服 a suit of clothes
童装 children's clothing
集邮 collect stamps
产生，发生 come about
（偶然）遇见或发现 come across
走过来；长出，发芽，上升；抬头 come up
共同，共有 in common
参加比赛 compete in a contest
举办音乐会 give a concert
条件是 on condition that
祝贺某人 congratulate sb. on sth.
相反地 on the contrary
失控 out of control
与…谈话；交谈 have a conversation with sb.
在…期间／过程中 in / during the course of
被…覆盖 be covered with
因某事和某人发脾气 be cross with sb. at sth.
划掉 cross out
对…残忍 be cruel to sb.
立方米 cubic meter
对…感到好奇 be curious about sth.
对…造成巨大损害 do great damage to
处境危险 in danger
过时 out of date
在不久前，前几天 the other day
对…充耳不闻 be deaf to sth.
对付，应付 deal with
负债 in debt
还清债务 out of debt
做出决定 make a decision
做好事 do good deeds
付诸行动，生效 do the deed
直到深夜 deep into the night
沉思 deep in thought
深夜 deep into the night
毫不耽搁，立刻 without delay
迟迟未做某事 delay doing sth.
发表（演说等） deliver a speech
满足要求 meet the demands
外语系 foreign language department
百货商店 department store
难以形容 beyond description
决心做某事 be determined to do sth.
随着工业的发展 with the development of industry
献身于，致力于 devote oneself to
处于灭亡的危险中 be in danger of dying out
没作用，没影响 make no difference
做…有困难，难以… have difficulty in doing sth.
应邀赴宴 be invited to dinner
向四面八方 in all directions
做出新的发现 make a new discovery
正在讨论中 under discussion
洗盘子 wash dishes
在远方，在远处 in the distance
对…冷淡 be distant toward sb.
对…有益 do good to
做坏事，犯罪 do wrong
挨门挨户 from door to door
隔壁的 next door
下楼 go downstairs
到市区去 go downtown
缓慢前进，拖延 drag one's feet
催人泪下 draw tears from sb.
渴望做某事 dream of doing sth.
在墙上钻孔 drill a hole in the wall
赶走 drive off
使某人发狂 drive sb. mad
挣钱 earn money
谋生 earn one's living
究竟 on earth
别着急，别紧张，放松些 take it easy
对…有很大影响 have a great effect on
努力做某事 make efforts to do sth.
鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.
量入而出；使收支相抵 make ends meet
美满的结局 a happy ending
说英语的国家 English-speaking countries
报名比赛 enter oneself for a contest
剧场的入口 the entrance to the theater
在除夕 on New Year's Eve
虽然，即使 even if / even though
时事 current events
参加考试 have / take an examination
进行体格检查 carry out a medical examination
考试及格 pass an examination
为…树立榜样 set an example to sb.
做早操 do morning exercises
产生，成立 come into existence
做实验 carry / do / make an experiment
做解释，说明 make an explanation
做鬼脸，装怪相 make a face
事实上 as a matter of fact
未能… fail to do sth.
落后，掉队 fall behind
对…而熟悉 be familiar with sth.
因…而闻名 be famous for
作为…而闻名 be famous as
摸某人的脉 feel one's pulse
觉得想做… feel like doing sth.
伤害某人的感情 hurt one's feelings
春节 the Spring Festival
发高烧 have a high fever
科学领域 the field of science
五十多岁时 in one's fifties
关键人物 a key figure
填写表格 fill in the form
刹那间 in a flash
一场大洪水 a big / great flood
扫地 sweep the floor
在三层 on the third floor
三层楼的建筑 a building of three storeys
正在开花 be in flowers
放（风筝等） fly a kite
糊里糊涂 in a fog
欺骗，愚弄某人 make a fool of sb.
在山脚下 at the foot of the mountain
空军 the air force
靠武力，强行 by force
用很大力气 with great force
对外贸易 foreign trade
养成好习惯 form a good habit
碰碰运气 try one's fortune
每四个一组（一批）；四个四个地 in fours
常客 a frequent visitor
新手 a fresh hand
同…交朋友 make friends with
那时起 from then on
不时地，时常 from time to time
不劳而获。 No pains, no gains.
做游戏 play games
代沟 generation gap
开始认真（做某事） get down to sth.
陷入麻烦 get into trouble
有音乐天分 have a gift for music
用尽，耗尽，筋疲力尽 give out
朝…看了一眼 take a glance at
向人瞪眼，怒目而视 glare at
（灯，火）熄灭 go out
复习功课 go over the lesson
进了一个球 score a goal
犯语法错误 make mistakes in grammar
懂某人的意思 grasp one's meaning
勿踏草地 keep off the grass
养成…的习惯 get into the habit of
用手 by hand
分发 hand out
一方面…另一方面… on the one hand…on the other hand
少量的 a handful of
过幸福生活 live a happy life
损害，伤害 do harm to
一个好收成 a good harvest
保持镇静 keep one's head
身体好 in good health
记住某事 learn / know sth. by heart
紧握某物 keep a tight hold on sth.
握住；抓住 catch / take / get hold of
趾高气扬 hold one's head high
暑假 the summer holidays
休假 on holiday
为（向）… 表示敬意；为了纪念… in honour of
对某人抱很大希望 have high hope for sb.
怀着…的希望 in the hope of doing sth.
住院 be in hospital
大约一小时 an hour or so
挨饿 go hungry
打猎 go hunting
匆匆忙忙 in a hurry
不知道 have no idea
但愿，要是…就好了 if only
给某人留下好印象 make a good impression on sb.
慢慢前进 inch one's way forward
患难之交才是真朋友。 A friend in need is a friend indeed.
告诉某人某事 inform sb of sth
坚持要做 insist on doing
视察工厂 inspect a factory
激动人心的演讲 an inspiring speech
急需帮助 in instant need of help
打断谈话 interrupt a conversation
介绍信 a letter of introduction
收到请帖 receive an invitation
邀请信 a letter of invitation
讲笑话 tell a joke
和某人开玩笑 play a joke with sb.
旅行 make a journey
使某人高兴的是 to one's joy
不可以貌取人。 Don't judge a man by his looks.
初中 a junior high school
正在那时 just then
与…保持联系 keep in touch with
使…不进入… keep out of
成功的秘诀 the key to success
踢门 kick the door
踢掉鞋子 kick off one's shoes
跪下 go down / fall on one's knees
敲门 knock at the door
最迟，至迟 at the latest
迟早 sooner or later
哈哈大笑起来 burst into laughter
违（守）法 break / obey the law
制定一条法律 make a law
摆设餐具（准备吃饭） lay the table
过着简朴的生活 lead a simple life
忽略，遗漏 leave out
听关于…的讲座 attend a lecture on
给某人一个教训 teach sb. a lesson
从…在中吸取教训 take a lesson from
惊讶地叫了一声 let out a cry of surprise
透漏消息 let out the news
大写字母 a capital letter
仰卧 / 俯卧 lie on one's back / stomach
复活，苏醒过来 come back to life
交通信号灯 traffic lights
列一张购物清单 make a shopping list
谋生，度日 make a living
丧生，死；牺牲 lose one's life
泄气；灰心 lose heart
失音 lose one's voice
输一场 lose a game
祝你好运。 Wish you good luck.
洗衣机 a washing machine
欣喜若狂 be mad with joy
邮寄包裹 send the parcel by mail
赚钱 make money
交朋友 make friends
取得进步 make progress
利用 make use of
编造故事 make up a story
弥补某人的过失 make up for one's mistake
有礼貌 have good manners
商标 a trade mark
满分 full marks
观看一场篮球比赛 watch a basketball match
进行比赛 have a match
祝你成功。 May you success.
五一节 May Day
通过这种方式 by this means
用…方法，依靠 by means of
决不 by no means
按…尺寸做 make…to one's measure
采取措施 take a measure
量身高 measure one's height
获得金牌 get a gold medal
医疗队 a medical team
体检 medical examination
吃药 take / have some medicine
满足…的需要 meet the needs of
遇到风暴 meet with a storm
去开会 go to a meeting
开会 have a meeting
举行会议 hold a meeting
为纪念 in memory of
对…一点儿也不怜悯 have no mercy on sb.
毫不容情地；残忍地 without mercy
在…支配下；任由…摆布 at the mercy of
圣诞快乐！ Merry Christmas!
给某人捎个信儿 take a message for sb.
中秋节 Mid-autumn Day
上百万的，许许多多的 millions of
改变主意 change one's mind
当心油漆未干。 Mind the wet paint!
下决心 make up one's mind
外交部长 the minister of foreign affairs
错过机会 miss an opportunity
犯错误 make a mistake
由疏忽所致 by mistake
现代 in modern times
零钱 small money
某人身上没（带）钱 have no money with sb.
选某人为班长 make sb. monitor
某一天清早 on the early morning
在山顶上 at the top of the mountain
参加海军 join the navy
如果有必要的话 if necessary
需要帮助 in need of help
呈现一片新面貌 take on a new look
打某人的鼻子 hit sb. on the nose
做笔记 make / take notes
与…无关 have nothing to do with
张贴通知 put up a notice
对某人毫不在意 pay no notice to sb.
运转着，实施中 be in operation
订购某物 place an order for sth.
失业了 out of work
一副眼镜 a pair of glasses
颐和园 the Summer Palace
此处禁止停车！ No parking here!
在…方面起积极作用 take an active part in
在过去的几天里 in the past few days
对某人有耐心 be patient with sb.
熟能生巧。 Practice makes perfect.
演出，表演 put on performances
亲自，当面 in person
给某人照相 take a photo of sb.
弹钢琴 play the piano
摘花 pick flowers
捡钱包 pick up a wallet
去野餐 go out for a picnic
一堆书 a pile of books
可怜某人（因同情而帮助某人） have / take pity on sb.
出于同情 out of pity
代替 in place of
坐某人的座位，代替某人的职务 take one's place
举行，发生 take place
代替，代理 take the place of
订计划 make a plan
玩牌 play cards
对某人开一个玩笑 play a joke on sb.
与…一起玩 play with sb.
在操场上 on the playground
对…感到满意 be pleased with
喜欢做某事 take pleasure in doing sth.
生活富裕 live in plenty
正要…的时候 on the point of
对某人有礼貌 be polite to sb.
受某人喜爱 be popular with sb.
占有，拥有 take possession of
发电站 power station
当权，执政 take power
因为某事赞扬某人 praise sb. for sth.
赞扬 in praise of
出席会议 be present at a meeting
眼下 at present
互赠礼物 exchange presents
在压力下 under pressure
防止某人做某事 prevent sb. from doing
以…为代价 at the price of
无论花多少代价（不惜任何代价） at any price
以…为自豪；对…感到得意 take pride in
小学 primary school
入狱，被监禁 go to prison
在狱中服刑 be in prison
将某人送进监狱 throw / put sb. into prison
越狱 escape from prison
解决问题 solve the problem
回答问题 answer the question
遵守诺言 keep one's promise
答应，许下诺言 make a promise
以…自豪 be proud of
养家糊口 provide food and clothes for one's
family
公共事务 public affairs
舆论 public opinion
当众，公开 in public
出版社 publishing house
故意地 on purpose
把…推到一边 push aside
推倒，（风）刮倒 push over
拖延，推迟 put off
不可能 out of the question
接力赛 a relay race
通过无线电广播 on the radio
衣衫褴褛，穿破衣服 in rags
在火车站 at the railway station
小（大）雨 light / heavy rain
一线希望 a ray of hope
伸手去拿 reach for sth.
够不着 out of ones' reach
乐意干某事 be ready to do
事实上 in reality
实现希望 realize one's hope
为此，为此理由 for this reason
接待处 reception desk
参考；谈到 refer to
留在某人的记忆中 remain in one's memory
提醒某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth.
使某人想起 remind sb. of sth.
应…请求 by request
因此，结果 as a result
盛产；有大量的… be rich in
除掉 get rid of
抢走某人某物 rob sb. of sth.
起重要作用 play an important role
扮演…的角色 play the role of
给…腾出地方 make room for
对某人无礼 be rude to sb.
用完 run out of
高峰时间，拥挤时间 rush hour
满足某人的需要 satisfy one's needs
节省体力 save one's strength
也就是说 that is to say
为某事责备某人 scold sb. for sth.
就座，坐下 take one's seat
不让人知道某事，保密 keep sth. a secret
抓住小偷的衣领 seize a thief by the collar
与某人握手 shake hands with sb.
店员；营业员 shop assistant
领某人出去／进来 show sb. out / in
炫耀 show off
对岸；在…另一面 on the other side of
支持某人（方） take the side of
站在…一边 take sides in
看不见 lose sight of
看到，发现 catch sight out
看不见 out of sight
静静地 in silence
和…类似的 be similar to
单程票 single ticket
量…的大小（尺寸） take the size of
偷偷塞给某人一张纸条 slip a note into one's hand
在雪地上滑倒 slip on the snow
克服困难 smooth away difficulties
大约 or so
与…有关系 have something to do with
国歌 the national song
大胆地说，清楚并响亮地说 speak out
发言，演讲 make a speech
以…的速度 at a speed of
平方公里 square kilometers
代表，象征 stand for
饿死 starve to death
处于良好状态 in a good state
逐步地，一步一步地 step by step
遵守诺言 stick to one's word / promise
趴在地上 lie on one's stomach
四层楼的住宅 a house of four storeys
赶上风暴 be caught in the storm
对…要求严格 be strict with sb. in sth.
擦火柴 strike a match
挣扎着起来 struggle to one's feet
仔细研究 make a study of
突然，冷不防 all of a sudden
暑假 summer holidays
向某人供应／提供 supply sb. with sth.
使某人惊奇的是 to one's surprise
擦脸上的汗 sweat off one's face
坐下吃饭 sit down to table
纳税 pay one's taxes
沏茶 make tea
用望远镜 through a telescope
讲故事 tell a story
辨别，分清 tell one from the other
量体温 take one's temperature
数以万计 tens of thousands of
被…吓了一跳 be terrified at
因某事感谢某人 be thankful to sb. for sth.
扔掉 throw away
吐出（食物），呕吐 throw up
立刻，很快 in no time
交通堵塞 traffic jam
跟某人开玩笑，欺骗某人 play a trick on sb.
处于困境（苦恼）中 be in trouble
一条裤子 a pair of trousers
上大学 attend university
拜访某人 pay a visit to sb.
高声地（喊） at the top of one's voice
在交战 at war
穿旧；使筋疲力尽 wear out
拔草 pull out the weeds
穿着白色衣服 be dressed in white
通盘，作为整体 as a whole
总的来说 on the whole
有志者事竟成。 Where there is a will, there is a way.
乐意做某事 be willing to do sth.
擦掉灰尘 wipe off the dust
创造奇迹 make wonders
不足为奇；难怪 no wonder
插话 get in a word
和某人说句话 have a word with sb.
总之，简言之 in a word
如何写出英语作文得分的“亮点”
以前,英语作文评分的依据是根据要点和语言准确度而定。但是从2001年起实行的高考评分标准强调了内容要点,语高考英语写作高分秘诀
第一，写好句子
1) 熟悉并掌握形成完整句子的基本框架结构。我们知道，单词、语法是学习、掌握和运用语言的基础，然而只靠它们拼凑句子是远远不够的，耗时费力不说，拼凑出来的也多是汉语式的英语，很不地道。因此，考生平时必须牢记所学过的“固定搭配”及“词组句型”，并会活用。写句子要注意以下几点：（1）主谓要一致；（2）正确使用动词的时态、语态、语气；（3）名词的格要与代词的格一致；（4)句子结构成分完整，特别注意不要漏掉或添加成分。
2)一个句子一个重心，句意清楚，合乎逻辑。
3)句子开头首字母要大字，句末要使用正确的英语标点符号。
第二．组句成文
一般说来，文章可以通过句子的进展和句子之间的各种结合来构成。
1)熟悉并掌握表示并列、递进、转折等关系的过渡词(transitional words)。例如：
并列关系：and, as well as, also…
递进关系：besides, in addition, moreover, what’s more…
转折关系：but, yet, however, although, otherwise, or, in spite of, despite, instead of, in the end…
时间顺序：while, when, soon after, before, afterward, finally, first, then, next, as soon as …
比较、对比：like, unlike, on the contrary, on the other hand…
总结 in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all,
generally speaking…
进一步阐述：in other words, that is to say, for example, for instance, such as …
因果关系：as a result, so, thus, therefore…
2) 明确表达文章主题，内容要点全面，不要节外生枝。
3) 要点安排得当，使之文通字顺，合乎逻辑,层次清晰。
4) 注意养成写完后自我检查的习惯，应重点检查：
a, 要点有无遗漏； b. 句法、词法有没有问题；
c. 单词拼写有无错误； d. 大小写、标点符号有无问题；
e. 字数是否在题目要求范围之内。
二、高考英语写作高分秘诀
1．句式要有变化
① 复杂句、并列句
② 倒装句
（1）虚拟语气中if省略； （2）only+状语置于句首
（3）否定词置于句首 （4）地点副词置于句首
③ 强调句型
It is ……that (who)…
④ 非谓语动词。
⑤ 虚拟语气
⑥ 固定句型结构
too…to… so…that… such a…that… not only…but also… neither…nor… such as… not …until… so that… either…or…
⑦直接引语与间接引语
多种时态，动名词、不定式，并列结构
2．要使用高等级词汇及短语
① 使用高等级词汇 ② 使用短语 ③ 使用谚语 ④ 使用表强调的词，如alone, just, single, only, not…at all; on the earth; the very; on earth等
⑤ 使用修辞手法:明喻， 暗喻，夸张，头韵，拟人等
as busy as a bee; as proud as a peacock; as blind as a bat.
3. 使用连接词，过渡自然，连贯通顺，一气呵成。
1） 用于按空间展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有：
above before me here on the left
across below in the distance on the right
beyond nearby opposite to over
also further next to on top of
up down close to beneath
under around near to along
2) 用于按时间顺序展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有：
soon, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early,
this morning /year, now, after, at present, later, afterwards finally, at last, all of a sudden , at noon ,
in the morning/afternoon/evening
3) 用于按分析法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有：
first, second, etc. now for this purpose
but as a result furthermore
finally at last moreover
also therefore likewise
another for example next
yet for instance on the contrary
once in addition in summary
such in this case on the other hand
then otherwise in conclusion
thus in closing
4) 用于按比较法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有：
another moreover in addition (to)
equally important too, also at the same time
besides then in the same way
in fact like, similarly
5) 用于按对比法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有：
on the contrary different from on the other hand in contrast to despite in spite of
yet, but unlike nevertheless
not only…but also here…there this…that
years ago…today the former…the latter then…now the first…whereas the second
some…others one…the other once…now
on the one hand…on the other hand(一方面…另一方面)
6)逻辑关系
递进: then(然后)， besides(还有)， furthermore(而且)， moreover(此外)
转折: however(然而)， but(但是)， on the country(相反)， after all(毕竟)
总结: finally(最后)， at last(最后)， in brief(总之)，
in conclusion(最后)。强调: indeed(确实)， certainly(一定)， surely(确定)， above all(尤其)。对比: in the same way(同样地)，
just as(正如)， on the one hand…on the other hand
三、书面表达常用句型及短语
1、学校生活及学习成绩
I’m getting on well with one’s study
take several courses at school
have English (Chinese, Physics…) every (other )day work hard at …
put one’s heart into…
be interested in …
be fond of
like chemistry best be tired of … be good at …;
be poor at …; do well in …; be weak in …
make progress in …; improve oneself in …; fail in …
pass the examination; give sb. a passing grade;
He has the best record in school. 他的成绩最棒。
get a doctor’s degree 获得博士学位
(English is) more interesting to sb.
learn about; succeed in…; be active in class (work);
take an active part in …; learn… by heart;
work out a (maths) problem;
get 90 marks for (English); get an “A” in the exam;
have a good command of…
lay a good foundation in (language study)
won the first prize/ got the first place in the competition
the first/top three winners(前三名)
2、师生关系
get on well with sb; like to be with students;
be gentle with us; be kind to sb;
be a strict teacher; be strict with one’s pupils;
be strict in work be satisfied with …
We think of him (her) as …; help sb with sth;
praise sb for sth …; blame sb for sth..
give advice on …; question sb on …
correct the students’ homework carefully and prepare for the next day;
give sb a lot of work; try to teach sb good study habits;
make one’s lessons lively and interesting;
teach sb. sth.; teach sb to do sth.
devote all one’s time to work;
admire (sb.for) his devotion to the cause of education
佩服他对于教育事业的献身精神。
3、课余活动及周末生活
spend one’s time in many different ways;
enjoy doing things by oneself; go swimming;
go for an outing/ a picnic; have an outing at (the seashore);
see the sights of Beijing; play the piano (violin);
play chess (basketball); have a swim;
have dances on weekends; have a picnic over the weekend;
go to the cinema; have a party; hold a sports meeting;
do some reading; help sb do sth; enjoy a family trip;
get everything ready for;
ride one’s bike with sb.to(the park);
There are a lot of activities at (the beach).
We enjoy a change from our busy life in the city.
She would like to bring sth. to the picnic.
It was a very relaxing Sunday.
There are good programmes on TV on weekends.
Enjoy myself/ourselves; have a wonderful time
4、彼此沟通信息
take a message for sb; send a message to sb;
hear from sb; talk about/of sth;
tell/ask sb to do sth; get information about…;
express one’s idea (feelings) in English;
Write sb a letter saying…; apologize to sb for …;
make a speech t at the meeting; thank you for …;
explain sth to s; look upon sb as …;
think sb to be …; take sb’s side
5、事件中人的态度
would like to do; allow sb to do;
force sb to do; call on sb to do;
fee like doing; insist on doing;
drive sb. off; speak highly of sb;
speak ill of sb; think highly of sb;
be afraid to do (be afraid of …)； offer to do;
refuse to do; agree to do;
prefer to do A rather than do B; had better do/ not do ;
regret doing; would rather (not) do.
keep sb from doing prevent/stop sb. (from) doing);
6、事情过程
have the habit of doing…; have no trouble doing;
make up one’s mind to do; prepare sb/oneself for …;
give up doing…; do sth as usual; sb is prepared for/to do
do what he wants us to do; set about doing;/set out to do
try/do one’s best to do…=go all out to do;
get into trouble; help sb out;
do one’s bit for the country ; do some good deeds to people;
wait for sb to do; find a way to do;
make friends with sb;
show (tell) sb. how to do…; take (send) sb to …;
pass the time doing; feel a little excited about doing…;
can’t help doing…; be prepared for more hard work;
Some are (doing sth.A), others are (doing sth.B), and still others are doing (sth C)
7、感观活动与思维活动
look around for …; look up (down) at …; catch sight of …;
take a look at …; hear sb do (doing); take notice of …;
take view of …; have a good understanding of …;
consider sb (sth) to be …; come to know…;
realize that …; know that +从句
welcome/welcomed sb at/in front of the gate
Everyone is welcome to attend the lecture/activity
8、情感与欲望
be pleased with …; be delighted in doing…;
take a pleasure in doing; be worried about;
feel surprised at … be sorry for …;
be angry with sb for sth; be angry about …(为某事生气)；
look forward to doing…; wish to do;
expect to do; long for (long to do);
be sick for one’s home; have a strong desire to do …;
9、健康状况及治疗
be in good shape; be in good (poor )health;
feel weak (well, terrible, sick); have got a high (slight ) fever;
have a slight (bad) cold; take one’s temperature;
have got a pain in …; be good (bad) for one’s health(eyes);
It’s nothing serious. stay in bed until…;
save one’s life
10、其它
It (take)sb. some time to do…; It is said that …;
be fit for; be short of; be well dressed;
miss the lecture (train); change…into…;
waste/ spend time doing; be busy doing;
have no choice but to do; I can’t help it.
be in need of…; be mistaken about …;
fall behind…; catch up with;
take sth by mistake (错拿) have trouble (in) doing sth.
on behalf of; instead of; be welcome to do…;
Running, biking and swimming are popular in summer.
Skiing and skating are my favorite winter sports.
Say goodbye to sb. See sb off
11、信件常用语
You letter came to me this morning.
I (have received)/ am glad to receive your letter of July the 20th.
I’m writing to you about the lecture to be given next Monday.
I’m writing to ask if you can come next week.
How time flies! It’s three months since I saw you last.
Thank you for your letter.
In reply to your letter about (the exhibition this year)…;
Let me tell you that…
Best wishes,
Look forward to( your coming)/ receiving your letter
12、问路和应答
Go down this street
Turn night/left at the first crossroads
It’s about…metres from here
You can’t miss it
In front of behind at/a the corner(不用in)
Pass two blocks
四、 句子练习
改写下列各句，把短语变为并列句、复合句或带有分词短语、介词短语或其他短语的句子：
1. Xu comes from a working-class family.
He enrolled in college last fall.
2. The dean issued a bulletin.
It said the library would remain open at weekends.
3. We have made some progress.
We still have a long way to go.
4. The sky was cloudless.
The sun was shining brightly.
5.There were over two hundred passengers on board the plane.
About one third of them were foreigners.
6. The girl began to learn to play the piano when she was a child.
Her mother was a famous pianist.
7. Napoleon was born in 1769.
At that time Corsica had just been acquired by France.
8.She appeared on the stage.
A stormy applause broke forth.
9. He heard that his father was ill.
He was anxious to go home to see him.
He went to the station early in the morning to buy a ticket.
PAGE
3高考书面表达临场技法
（一）注意写作四要素
①内容要点的完整性； ②语言交际的得体性； ③语言表达的得体性； ④语篇结构的连贯性。
（二）注意英语书面表达获得高分的六大特性
①条理性。指的是合理布局文章结构。首先在文章思路、组织材料、叙述顺序等方面要有一定的条理性。其次根据需要安排好段落，各段之间要层次分明，要重视每段的开头和结尾，开头语是总领句，结尾语是总结句。
②准确性。要求写出语法正确的句子，包括时态、语态、用词和句法等，要准确、地道地表达。必须牢牢掌握常用句型或习惯表达，避免中式英语，注意中英用法差异，养成用英语写作的习惯。
③流畅性。根据整篇文章的需要，有效采用不同的连接手段使文章层次清楚，行文连贯。
④多样性。语言简洁，不重复。根据内容写出句式多样的语句，这也是新课标对写作的评价标准。
⑤思想性。新课标对写作的要求，增加了情感因素。在准确流畅地表达写作要点的同时，适当增加句子的感彩，增加一些人情味，使文章读起来更亲切，完全达到与读者交流的目的。
⑥美观性。指卷面布局合理，书写规范、清楚、干净、整洁。
（三）容易扣分的环节
①英语标点符号和大小写使用错误。
②文章里面出现汉字、汉语拼音等。
③时间分配不合理，给作文留的时间太少，文章没有写完。
④文章缺乏必要的构思，涂改现象严重。
⑤文章词数少于80或超过规定最高要求的试卷从总分中扣2分。
（四）写作文体指导
文体 内容 方式 叙述描写要素
记叙文 记事 写人、描述事件 写人：肖像、行动、语言、心理
写事：时间、地点、人物、原因、结果、顺序
说明文 知识信息 介绍、解释 内容科学性、说明条理性、语言准确性 事物说明、程序说明、科学说明
应用文 实用文体 信件、通知、公告、日记、请柬等 格式规范、语言得体、层次清楚
议论文 议论 摆事实、讲道理 论点、论据、论证开头引论、主体本论、结尾结论
（五）写作步骤
①看题目、看要求、看体裁；
②定文体、定人称、定时态；
③选要点、选要词、选句型；
④重条理、重过渡、重书写。高考英语写作高分秘诀
第一，写好句子
1) 熟悉并掌握形成完整句子的基本框架结构。我们知道，单词、语法是学习、掌握和运用语言的基础，然而只靠它们拼凑句子是远远不够的，耗时费力不说，拼凑出来的也多是汉语式的英语，很不地道。因此，考生平时必须牢记所学过的“固定搭配”及“词组句型”，并会活用。写句子要注意以下几点：（1）主谓要一致；（2）正确使用动词的时态、语态、语气；（3）名词的格要与代词的格一致；（4)句子结构成分完整，特别注意不要漏掉或添加成分。
2)一个句子一个重心，句意清楚，合乎逻辑。
3)句子开头首字母要大字，句末要使用正确的英语标点符号。
第二．组句成文
一般说来，文章可以通过句子的进展和句子之间的各种结合来构成。
1)熟悉并掌握表示并列、递进、转折等关系的过渡词(transitional words)。例如：
并列关系：and, as well as, also…
递进关系：besides, in addition, moreover, what’s more…
转折关系：but, yet, however, although, otherwise, or, in spite of, despite, instead of, in the end…
时间顺序：while, when, soon after, before, afterward, finally, first, then, next, as soon as …
比较、对比：like, unlike, on the contrary, on the other hand…
总结 in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all,
generally speaking…
进一步阐述：in other words, that is to say, for example, for instance, such as …
因果关系：as a result, so, thus, therefore…
2) 明确表达文章主题，内容要点全面，不要节外生枝。
3) 要点安排得当，使之文通字顺，合乎逻辑,层次清晰。
4) 注意养成写完后自我检查的习惯，应重点检查：
a, 要点有无遗漏； b. 句法、词法有没有问题；
c. 单词拼写有无错误； d. 大小写、标点符号有无问题；
e. 字数是否在题目要求范围之内。
二、高考英语写作高分秘诀
1．句式要有变化
① 复杂句、并列句
② 倒装句
（1）虚拟语气中if省略； （2）only+状语置于句首
（3）否定词置于句首 （4）地点副词置于句首
③ 强调句型
It is ……that (who)…
④ 非谓语动词。
⑤ 虚拟语气
⑥ 固定句型结构
too…to… so…that… such a…that… not only…but also… neither…nor… such as… not …until… so that… either…or…
⑦直接引语与间接引语
多种时态，动名词、不定式，并列结构
2．要使用高等级词汇及短语
① 使用高等级词汇 ② 使用短语 ③ 使用谚语 ④ 使用表强调的词，如alone, just, single, only, not…at all; on the earth; the very; on earth等
⑤ 使用修辞手法:明喻， 暗喻，夸张，头韵，拟人等
as busy as a bee; as proud as a peacock; as blind as a bat.
3. 使用连接词，过渡自然，连贯通顺，一气呵成。
1） 用于按空间展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有：
above before me here on the left
across below in the distance on the right
beyond nearby opposite to over
also further next to on top of
up down close to beneath
under around near to along
2) 用于按时间顺序展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有：
soon, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early,
this morning /year, now, after, at present, later, afterwards finally, at last, all of a sudden , at noon ,
in the morning/afternoon/evening
3) 用于按分析法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有：
first, second, etc. now for this purpose
but as a result furthermore
finally at last moreover
also therefore likewise
another for example next
yet for instance on the contrary
once in addition in summary
such in this case on the other hand
then otherwise in conclusion
thus in closing
4) 用于按比较法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有：
another moreover in addition (to)
equally important too, also at the same time
besides then in the same way
in fact like, similarly
5) 用于按对比法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有：
on the contrary different from on the other hand
in contrast to despite in spite of
yet, but unlike nevertheless
not only…but also here…there this…that
years ago…today the former…the latter then…now the first…whereas the second
some…others one…the other once…now
on the one hand…on the other hand(一方面…另一方面)
6)逻辑关系
递进: then(然后)， besides(还有)， furthermore(而且)， moreover(此外)
转折: however(然而)， but(但是)， on the country(相反)， after all(毕竟)
总结: finally(最后)， at last(最后)， in brief(总之)，
in conclusion(最后)。强调: indeed(确实)， certainly(一定)， surely(确定)， above all(尤其)。对比: in the same way(同样地)，
just as(正如)， on the one hand…on the other hand
三、书面表达常用句型及短语
1、学校生活及学习成绩
I’m getting on well with one’s study
take several courses at school
have English (Chinese, Physics…) every (other )day work hard at …
put one’s heart into…
be interested in …
be fond of
like chemistry best be tired of … be good at …;
be poor at …; do well in …; be weak in …
make progress in …; improve oneself in …; fail in …
pass the examination; give sb. a passing grade;
He has the best record in school. 他的成绩最棒。
get a doctor’s degree 获得博士学位
(English is) more interesting to sb.
learn about; succeed in…; be active in class (work);
take an active part in …; learn… by heart;
work out a (maths) problem;
get 90 marks for (English); get an “A” in the exam;
have a good command of…
lay a good foundation in (language study)
won the first prize/ got the first place in the competition
the first/top three winners(前三名)
2、师生关系
get on well with sb; like to be with students;
be gentle with us; be kind to sb;
be a strict teacher; be strict with one’s pupils;
be strict in work be satisfied with …
We think of him (her) as …; help sb with sth;
praise sb for sth …; blame sb for sth..
give advice on …; question sb on …
correct the students’ homework carefully and prepare for the next day;
give sb a lot of work; try to teach sb good study habits;
make one’s lessons lively and interesting;
teach sb. sth.; teach sb to do sth.
devote all one’s time to work;
admire (sb.for) his devotion to the cause of education
佩服他对于教育事业的献身精神。
3、课余活动及周末生活
spend one’s time in many different ways;
enjoy doing things by oneself; go swimming;
go for an outing/ a picnic; have an outing at (the seashore);
see the sights of Beijing; play the piano (violin);
play chess (basketball); have a swim;
have dances on weekends; have a picnic over the weekend;
go to the cinema; have a party; hold a sports meeting;
do some reading; help sb do sth; enjoy a family trip;
get everything ready for;
ride one’s bike with sb.to(the park);
There are a lot of activities at (the beach).
We enjoy a change from our busy life in the city.
She would like to bring sth. to the picnic.
It was a very relaxing Sunday.
There are good programmes on TV on weekends.
Enjoy myself/ourselves; have a wonderful time
4、彼此沟通信息
take a message for sb; send a message to sb;
hear from sb; talk about/of sth;
tell/ask sb to do sth; get information about…;
express one’s idea (feelings) in English;
Write sb a letter saying…; apologize to sb for …;
make a speech t at the meeting; thank you for …;
explain sth to s; look upon sb as …;
think sb to be …; take sb’s side
5、事件中人的态度
would like to do; allow sb to do;
force sb to do; call on sb to do;
fee like doing; insist on doing;
drive sb. off; speak highly of sb;
speak ill of sb; think highly of sb;
be afraid to do (be afraid of …)； offer to do;
refuse to do; agree to do;
prefer to do A rather than do B; had better do/ not do ;
regret doing; would rather (not) do.
keep sb from doing prevent/stop sb. (from) doing);
6、事情过程
have the habit of doing…; have no trouble doing;
make up one’s mind to do; prepare sb/oneself for …;
give up doing…; do sth as usual; sb is prepared for/to do
do what he wants us to do; set about doing;/set out to do
try/do one’s best to do…=go all out to do;
get into trouble; help sb out;
do one’s bit for the country ; do some good deeds to people;
wait for sb to do; find a way to do;
make friends with sb;
show (tell) sb. how to do…; take (send) sb to …;
pass the time doing; feel a little excited about doing…;
can’t help doing…; be prepared for more hard work;
Some are (doing sth.A), others are (doing sth.B), and still others are doing (sth C)
7、感观活动与思维活动
look around for …; look up (down) at …; catch sight of …;
take a look at …; hear sb do (doing); take notice of …;
take view of …; have a good understanding of …;
consider sb (sth) to be …; come to know…;
realize that …; know that +从句
welcome/welcomed sb at/in front of the gate
Everyone is welcome to attend the lecture/activity
8、情感与欲望
be pleased with …; be delighted in doing…;
take a pleasure in doing; be worried about;
feel surprised at … be sorry for …;
be angry with sb for sth; be angry about …(为某事生气)；
look forward to doing…; wish to do;
expect to do; long for (long to do);
be sick for one’s home; have a strong desire to do …;
9、健康状况及治疗
be in good shape; be in good (poor )health;
feel weak (well, terrible, sick); have got a high (slight ) fever;
have a slight (bad) cold; take one’s temperature;
have got a pain in …; be good (bad) for one’s health(eyes);
It’s nothing serious. stay in bed until…;
save one’s life
10、其它
It (take)sb. some time to do…; It is said that …;
be fit for; be short of; be well dressed;
miss the lecture (train); change…into…;
waste/ spend time doing; be busy doing;
have no choice but to do; I can’t help it.
be in need of…; be mistaken about …;
fall behind…; catch up with;
take sth by mistake (错拿) have trouble (in) doing sth.
on behalf of; instead of; be welcome to do…;
Running, biking and swimming are popular in summer.
Skiing and skating are my favorite winter sports.
Say goodbye to sb. See sb off
11、信件常用语
You letter came to me this morning.
I (have received)/ am glad to receive your letter of July the 20th.
I’m writing to you about the lecture to be given next Monday.
I’m writing to ask if you can come next week.
How time flies! It’s three months since I saw you last.
Thank you for your letter.
In reply to your letter about (the exhibition this year)…;
Let me tell you that…
Best wishes,
Look forward to( your coming)/ receiving your letter
12、问路和应答
Go down this street
Turn night/left at the first crossroads
It’s about…metres from here
You can’t miss it
In front of behind at/a the corner(不用in)
Pass two blocks
四、 句子练习
改写下列各句，把短语变为并列句、复合句或带有分词短语、介词短语或其他短语的句子：
1. Xu comes from a working-class family.
He enrolled in college last fall.
2. The dean issued a bulletin.
It said the library would remain open at weekends.
3. We have made some progress.
We still have a long way to go.
4. The sky was cloudless.
The sun was shining brightly.
5.There were over two hundred passengers on board the plane.
About one third of them were foreigners.
6. The girl began to learn to play the piano when she was a child.
Her mother was a famous pianist.
7. Napoleon was born in 1769.
At that time Corsica had just been acquired by France.
8.She appeared on the stage.
A stormy applause broke forth.
9. He heard that his father was ill.
He was anxious to go home to see him.
He went to the station early in the morning to buy a ticket.
用心 爱心 专心 121号编辑 1高考书面表达押题图表类
[押题一]
面对中学生的"出国热"，人们有不同的看法。请你以Studying Abroad为题，根据下面的信息，谈谈自己的看法。
Advantages Disadvantages
1. 与不同文化背景的人交友。2. 学习国外先进的科学技术。3. 更快地学习外语。 1. 年纪小、缺乏生活经验，自理能力差。2. 情感孤独，思乡。3. 生活和学习费用高。注意：词数:120左右。
押中指数☆☆☆☆
【押题依据】 随着我国改革开放的不断深入，许多家长不切合实际，盲目地把孩子送到国外学习，这样不仅加重了家庭的经济负担，而且也往往事与愿违。这一现象逐渐成为家庭和社会关注的焦点。
【解题关键】本文可采用对比的方法，分析中学生的"出国热"。以一般现在时为主。
【范文示例】
Studying Abroad
In recent years, studying abroad has been popular. Tens of thousands of Chinese middle school students have gone to foreign countries to study. Many people are trying their best to go abroad.
There are many advantages in attending schools abroad. First, students who study abroad can make friends with people of different cultures. Second, they can learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries. Third, they can learn foreign languages more quickly.
However, there are some disadvantages. Most of the students are too young to live by themselves without any living experience. Besides, being far away from their motherland, they may feel lonely and homesick. Also ,the costs are much higher there than at home.
In spite of these, advantages are more than disadvantages.
【范文点评】本文对比分析明显，过渡自然，条理清楚，主题鲜明，结论准确。
[押题二] Is a Training Class or Family Teacher Necessary
目前，越来越多的中学生利用周末上各种各样的培训班或请家教。对于这一现象，存在两种不同观点：
有些人认为有必要 另一些人认为没有必要
跟教师学比自己学好可以巩固课堂所学内容可以学到更多的东西 容易养成依赖习惯学生需要时间休息许多培训班和家教以赢利为目的
请根据以上提示，以Is a Training Class or Family Teacher Necessary 为题，写一篇120词左右的短文，反映表中内容，并简要阐述自己的观点。
要求：层次清晰，连贯流畅，表达灵活，不要逐字逐句翻译。
参考词汇：巩固strengthen自学 self study。
押中指数☆☆☆☆☆
【押题依据】在现实生活中，父母望子成龙，望女成凤，对子女的期望值过高，充分利用节假日，让孩子参加各种培训班，有些家长为孩子请家庭教师。这已经成为一种社会普遍现象。
【范文示例】
Is a Training class or Family Teacher Necessary
More and more middle school students are going to all kinds of training classes or having family teachers at the weekend. There are two different viewpoints about it.
Some thinks it necessary. First of all, it’s more effective to study with a teacher than by themselves. Secondly, it can strengthen what is learnt in class. Besides, they can learn a lot more. Others think it unnecessary. For one thing, students can easily form the habit of dependence. For another, students need time to relax from time to time. What’s more, the purpose of many training classes and teachers is to make money.
In my opinion, whether a training class or family teacher is needed just depends. If you are really very weak at or interested in a certain subject, maybe it’s OK for you. But be sure to choose a good and suitable class or teacher, otherwise it would be a waste of time and money.
【范文点评】本文讨证的是当今的热门话题，全文语言简明扼要，过渡自然，如first of all，besides，for one thing, for another，what’s more等。结构紧凑,行文流畅。
[押题三]The Similarities and Differences between Newspapers and Websites
押中指数☆☆☆
【押题依据】报纸和网站两大媒介的优缺点和对比差异是当今社会的的热点话题,也是学生在日常生活中经常接触的、比较熟悉的话题。
根据下表所提供的信息，写一篇题为The Similarities and Differences between Newspapers and Websites的英语短文。
Newspapers Websites
Similarities 提供信息；版面多；图文并茂
Differences 传统 现代
一天更新一次 一天可更新多次，信息速度更快
随时随地可以阅读 必须有电脑和互联网
只有图片和文字 除文字和图片外,还可带音频和视频
注意：1. 短文须包括表中的全部内容，可适当发挥；
2. 词数：100词左右；
3. 参考词汇：更新—update, 音频—audio, 视频—video。
【范文示例】
The Similarities and Differences between Newspapers and Websites
Newspapers and websites are both important news media in the world today. They are similar to each other in some way. For example, they are both used to provide news and information for people. They have many different pages with various texts and pictures.
But there are great differences between them. Newspapers are traditional and have a long history, while websites are quite new. Websites need a computer and the Internet, while you can read newspapers everywhere. And websites have not only texts with pictures but also audios and videos, which make stories more interesting. What’s better, websites change all the time. Many websites are updated many times a day. The latest news is always able to be seen on websites.
【范文点评】本文属于说明文。采用了举例法和对比法，讨论的是当今社会的一个热门话题。文章条理清楚，语言连贯，过渡恰当。如while，not only...but also...,what’s better。怎样使文章有亮点
书面表达评分标准“最高档”要求：“应用了较多的语法结构或词汇；语法结构或词汇方面有少许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。”从历年书面表达高分文章来看，每篇文章都有“亮”点，即在用词、造句或段落安排上都有独到之处。
要想获得高分就应在“正确”表达的基础上写出自己的特色，写出自己的“亮”点。
一、词汇选择——标新立异
在写作中“较高级词汇”的使用主要是指使用《大纲》上没有的词语、使用通过构词法变化来的新词、使用同（近）义词或反义词等来代替常见词语。
1）这栋房子在芳草街的一栋楼上。
A： The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street.
B： The flat situates in a building on Fangcao Street.
分析：is in是常见词语，而situates in则是《大纲》上没有的，属于高级词汇。
2）在周末我们做很多作业。
A： At weekends，we have a lot of homework to do.
B： At weekends，we have endless homework to do.
分析：B句在表达时没有使用过于直接的a lot of，而是使用了endless.endless就是由《大纲》词汇end加后缀-less变化来的。
3）洗澡间和厨房都很好。
A： The bathroom and the kitchen are good.
B： The bathroom and the kitchen are well-furnished.
在表达要点时，B句使用了well furnished，这比good语气强，也显得生动。
在造句时，“较高级词汇”如能运用贴切自然，哪怕整篇文章只用上一个，也会使你的作文显示出与众不同。
二、结构造句——与众不同
在造句时，既要使句子生动，又要使其简明扼要。
1、使用与人不同的表达方式，特别是提倡打破汉语句子结构的束缚而重组的句子更受欢迎。
1）唐山曾在二十世纪八十年代发生过一次大地震。
A： There was a strong earthquake in Tangshan in the 1980s.
B： A terrible earthquake hit/struck Tangshan in the 1980s.
大多数同学使用了there be结构，这是对的，但是B句却摒弃了常见句式。另辟蹊径而使用了“主语+谓语+宾语”结构，且使用了terrible，hit/strike这样的词汇，更是难能可贵的。
2）你八月十五日的来信我今天早晨收到了。
A：I received your letter which was written on August 15th this morning.（多数人使用的方式）
B： Your letter of August 15th reached/ got to me this morning.（与多数人使用的方式不同，简洁）
2.使用一些强势句式，如强调句、感叹句、倒装句等，增强语句的表现力。如：
3）阿福救了我妹妹。
A： Ah Fu saved my sister.（一般句式）
B： It was Ah Fu that saved my sister.（强调句式）
4）我们看到庄稼和蔬菜长势喜人很是高兴。
A： We were glad to see crops and vegetables growing well.（一般陈述句）
B： How glad we were to see crops and vegetables growing well.（感叹句）
3、句式多样，复杂得体。在写作中应避免使用相同长度的相同句型，而应注意句式的变化，如长短句结合，简单句、并列句与复合句共用，还可使用简化句等；一些较复杂的结构如独立主格，分词结构等也可使用。下面的表达中A句简单句多，而且多处使用there be结构，显得单调、乏味，而B句就有自己的特色（请同学们自己分析）。
5）这是一套25平方米的住房，住房里面有卧室、有洗澡间、有厨房；卧室里有床、沙发、桌子和椅子等。
A： It’s a flat of 25 square metres. There is a bedroom in the flat. There is a bathroom and a kitchen in it，too. In the bedroom，there is a bed； there is a sofa，a desk and a chair as well.
B： It’s a flat of 25 square metres，with a bedroom，a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed，a sofa，a desk and a chair.
三、布局谋篇——独具匠心
在写作中，我们可按时间、空间或其它逻辑顺序来安排各要点，同时为使主题突出，结构严谨，我们应注意学习和使用交代句以及段落的主题句等。在布局谋篇上，2002高考范文堪称典范。请看：
Opinions are divided on the question.
60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more，it will become necessary to build gates and walls，which will do harm to the appearance of a city.
On the other hand，40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardens and other workers，and to buy plants and young trees. They suggested，however，fees should be charged low.
1）该文使用Opinions are divided……作交代句，开门见山，随后两个段落均使用了主题句（见黑体字部分），使全文结构紧凑，表达严谨。
2）在表述要点时范文还对要点出场顺序作了调整，如“40%的同学认为应收门票，但不宜过高。”前部分作为主题句放在句首，而后部分另起一句放在句末：They suggested，however，fees should be charged low.这样就分清了轻重缓急，主题突出，条理清楚。
3）范文使用了and，what is more，however等连词，在段落之间使用了on the other hand（说明前后两个观点是相悖的），这些连接手段的运用加强了句子之间、段落之间的联系，使文章表达连贯，浑然一体。
4）范文在第二段为说明不收门票的“原因”时增加了Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.等细节，这也是解决句与句之间缺少连贯性的常见方法。
总之，要想使自己的文章有亮点，吸引读者，在考试中获得高分，就应在用词、造句、谋篇上下功夫，哪怕是有一处特长都是“亮”点，都是值得肯定的。高考书面表达押题提纲类
[押题一]Challenges
根据下面提示，以Challenges为题，写一篇议论文。
1.人们愿意接受挑战。
2.人们愿意接受挑战的原因。
3.我们面临各种挑战。
词数：120—150。
押中指数☆☆☆☆
【押题依据】在现实生活中，我们会面临各种困难和压力，可以说我们生活在充满挑战的年代，是回避，还是勇敢地接受挑战，就摆在我们每个人面前，这是当今的一个主题和热点。
【解题关键】根据情景，第一段可以介绍人们在哪些方面愿意接受挑战。第二段可阐述人们为什么愿意接受挑战，说明原因，如：好奇，成功的欲望等等。第三段各行各业都有挑战。总之我们生活在充满挑战的年代。
【范文示例】
Challenges
For thousands of years，people have accepted challenges in different fields.There are not only physical challenges，but also social and intellectual challenges.Some people risk their lives in playing sports to see how well they can do.Others try to make and invent something to make life easier. They all enjoy challenges.
Why do people enjoy these challenges There are probably two important reasons. One is curiosity. The other is the personal feeling of success, of achievement.And nowadays, for some people, it is a business.
Today we still have many challenges before us. Medical science faces the challenges of conquering many diseases which still attack human beings. Engineers and planners must build new cities,and design new kinds of transportation. Scientists must develop new forms of energy. In short ,we live in an age full of challenges.
【范文点评】本文论点清楚,论据具体,论证有力,过渡自然。
[押题二] Just Try to Relax During Exams
假如你发现同学们每遇到重要考试，都会出现头晕、乏力、睡眠和食欲不好等情况。请你用英语写一篇关于如何正确对待考试及如何克服考前紧张情绪的短文。
短文内容要包括下列要点：
1．平时努力学习，正确对待考试；
2．考试期间适当运动，正常作息；
3．睡前洗个热水澡、喝杯热牛奶有助于快速入睡。
注意：1．文章应有恰当的开头和结尾；2．标题已经给出；3．词数100左右。
【押题依据】高考临近,考生承受各种压力, 如何使同学们科学备考,顺利过关,是当今社会共同关注的热点。
押中指数☆☆
【范文示例】
Just Try to Relax During Exams
As you know,most of us middle school students feel somehow nervous whenever we’re taking an important exam．There is no doubt that exams are important to us students,but it’s more important to have a right attitude towards them．As a matter of fact,exams are no more than a means of checking．Therefore there is no need to worry too much about the results．Study hard every day and make good preparations．Only in this way can we avoid suffering from the pressure of exams．
We’d better go out for a walk or do some outdoor exercises during an exam．Besides,enough sleep can make us full of energy and make it possible for us to perform well in the exam．A warm bath or a cup of milk before going to bed might help us to have a sound sleep． So，my suggestion is：Don’t worry about it，and just try to relax whatever happens．
【范文点评】本文属于议论性说明文，这种文体写作自由度大。本文插入语运用恰当，如as you know， as a matter of fact。 高级结构增加了文章的表现力，提高了文章的得分档次。如There is no doubt that.... There is no need to worry.... Only in this way can we avoid...。全文结构严谨,行文流畅,浑然一体。高考书面表达押题图画类
[押题一]
下面图画描述的是你的一段亲身经历。请据此写一篇文章。文章必须包括图画所要表现的主要内容，可以适当发挥，以使故事连贯、完整。
押中指数☆☆
【押题依据】 图画能够给考生提供相对真实的场景，能够考查同学们的观察思维能力，本题主要反映该同学有正义感，是弘扬正气的典范。
【解题关键】
1.理解图画的主题和梗概：去商店购物，偶遇小偷，见义勇为。
2.增加细节，连贯成文，做到层次分明，结构严谨，准确表达图画内容。
3.图画式书面表达的关键是审题，审题时要注意"形式"和"内容"的统一。所谓"形式"即表达所需要的文本适用的时态和人称，所谓"内容"即写什么。
4.此题是四幅相关的图画信息。通过观察，我们可以确定： ①体裁：记叙文，须用第一人称；②时态：一般过去时。
【范文示例】
It was my mother’s birthday. I went to a department store to buy her a present.
There were many customers in the store. When I was looking for a present for Mother. I suddenly saw a thin and pale young man slowly putting his hand into the handbag of a well?dressed lady. At the very moment, I rushed towards him，grasped his hand and shouted, "Catch the thief!"All eyes turned to us. Very soon came a guard, and he took away the thief. The lady got back her purse and thanked me . I went on to look for a present for Mother.
【范文点评】本文围绕"我"去商店购物，见一小偷把手放进一陌生女士的手提包后见义勇为展开情节。文章结构严谨，过渡自然。并列谓语I rushed towards him，grasped his hand and shouted,使用恰当，倒装句Very soon came a guard, and he took away the thief.是文章的亮点。
[押题二]
根据图画所描述的内容写一篇文章。
押中指数☆☆☆☆☆
【押题依据】 高考是全社会关注的大事，学校和家庭表现尤为突出。家庭成员对考生从学习到生活给予无微不至的"关怀"，结果却给考生带来负面影响。
【解题关键】本文是夹叙夹议类的文章，主要反映家庭对考生的特别"关注"，给他们带来负面影响。在写作过程中，对主题要审准、审清，对发展过程和结果进行叙述。
【范文示例】As the College Entrance Examination is drawing near ,the situation is getting worse and worse. From the picture,we can see that Li Ming is "studying hard".There are many books for him to read and many papers for him to do. How poor he is! At the same time,all his family are also busy working for him.
Nowadays,many parents expect too much of their sons or daughters. They hope that their sons or daughters study hard in order to be admitted to an ideal college or a key university. It is for this reason that parents are strict with their children. However, they don’t realize what they have become a heavy burden or a great pressure. It is the hardwork or the great pressure that changes their children that much.
So I hope parents provide a proper environment for their children. Only in this way,will they try their best and succeed at last!
[押题三] 下列五幅图画描绘的是某校高三学生李华寒假到农村外婆家度假，目睹当地山上发生的事情。假如你是李华，请你用英文写封信给21世纪报，向编辑反映这一事情，并谈谈你对此事的看法。
注意：1．词数：100左右； 2．参考词汇：白鹭——egret; 3．信的开头部分已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear editor,
I’m a high school student and my name is Li Hua. During the winter vacation, I went to stay with my grandma in the countryside. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
押中指数☆☆☆
【押题依据】 书信是人们进行书面交流的一种重要形式。近几年高考书面表达题目中多次以书信的形式命题。
【解题关键】 英文书信在格式、表达方式以及写作风格方面都不同于汉语书信。要写好英文书信，不仅要掌握写作格式、习惯用语，还要了解英语国家的风俗和习惯。
【范文示例】
Dear editor,
I’m a high school student and my name is Li Hua. During the winter vacation, I went to stay with my grandma in the countryside. One day, I was amazed to see thousands of egrets flying to the mountains around the village. The villagers said it was because the environment was getting better that these egrets chose to stay here.
But two weeks later, I was shocked to find lots of the egret eggs stolen, many nests destroyed and even scores of egrets killed without mercy. It was not until the government officials and the policemen came that such wrong doings were stopped.
To prevent such things from happening again, I think we should make the public know the importance of protecting rare animals and take active and effective measures to protect them.
Yours,
Li Hua
【范文点评】本文以寒假期间，李华到农村外婆家度假，目睹当地山上发生的事情为线索，叙述过去的经历。按时间的顺序，利用对比的方法，过渡自然。强调句是文章突出的亮点。如：（1）... it was because the environment was getting better that these egrets chose to stay here.（2）It was not until the government officials and the policemen came that such wrong doings were stopped.
[押题四]
根据以下四幅图,撰写一篇短文,呼吁人们爱护森林,保护我们赖以生存的环境(environment)。
注意: 1.描述准确全面; 2.题图衔接连贯; 3.词数: 120左右。
押中指数☆☆☆
【押题依据】 环保问题是社会关注的热点。
【解题关键】①理解图画的主题：破坏森林，毁林种地造成土地荒漠化。②弄清楚每幅图画所描述的主要内容：第一幅画说明过去茂密的森林，绿色的植被，第二、三幅画说明毁林种地，破坏生态平衡，导致严重的后果——荒漠化。第四幅画强调采取得力措施，出现新面貌，运用对比手法，强调今昔对比。③最后通过清醒认识，采取措施改变现状。【范文示例】
Our earth used to be a beautiful place．Thick forests and green grass covered the hills and it was the best home for birds and animals．However，as time went by，people destroyed the forest to grow crops and let their cattle eat up the grass. So you can see a wasteland instead of green hills now．As a result,when it rains,the soil is washed down the hills．We do hope all the people will take good care of our forests and plant more trees to improve the environment in which we’re living. I’m sure as long as we try every possible means，we will have a beautiful environment again．
【范文点评】本文层次分明，语言流畅，过渡自然。如 however，as a result，so等过渡词语的使用。其中，We do hope all the people will take good care of our forests and plant more trees to improve the environment in which we’re living.既使用了强调结构，又使用了定语从句，增添了文章的表现力度，提高了文章的得分档次。
[押题五]
2008年北京奥林匹克运动会会徽（Emblem of Beijing Olympics）是中国人为奥运大家庭奉献的杰作。请你写一篇120词左右的短文，把这个会徽介绍给一位美国朋友（Neo）。
内容要点：
1．鲜红的色彩表达中国文化特有的热情氛围；
2．中国书法（calligraphy）;
3．人形体现奥林匹克精神；
4．"京"字的含义。
押中指数☆☆☆☆
【押题依据】2008年奥运会在中国举办，是人们心目中的一件大事，弘扬奥运精神、体现中国文化、突出民族特色，是众之所望。
【范文示例】
Dear Neo,
This emblem is named "Dancing Beijing", which perfectly summarizes the meanings implied in the image. It is synthesis of traditional Chinese calligraphy, arts of dance and painting as well as modern westernized concept.
Now, look at the picture again. You can touch the spirits of the Olympiad when the athlete image appears in your mind. You can comprehend not only the age?old city’s history but also its creativity from the picture?like Chinese character "Jing". You can feel an outburst of enthusiasm in Chinese culture through the scarlet color. And, you can hear the solemn promise of holding a most excellent Olympiad that a great nation, which possesses five thousand years’ history of civilization, gives the world.
Yours,
Trinity
