高考英语书面表达指导[上学期]

(二)日记
　 日记常用来记述自己一天生活中发生的有意义或重要的事，用来抒发自己当天对某些事的感受以及自己未来的打算。平时坚持写，对提高自己运用语言的能力或运用英语进行思维是十分有益的，同时有利于促进学生复习巩固语法和词语，提高英语水平。
1．日记一般要求写清日期及天气。年、月、日和星期写在第一行的左上角，天气写在日记第一行的右上角。如要强调写日记的地点，则可将地点写在日期的后面。
2．命题日记将日记的标题写在第二行。
3．在第三行空两格开始写日记的正文，一般写日记直接切入主题。
4．考试时的提示日记则要抓住要点，意思清楚，表达流畅，人称多用第一人称I或We，时态则用过去时、现在完成时或用一般现在时。
5．表达天气的词常有：
晴clear/fine/shining
雨rainy
雪snowy
有风windy
多云cloudy
阴overcast
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The Last Lesson这一课给你留下了深刻的印象，老师的爱国精神深深地感动了你，小弗朗兹的后悔使你想到平时自己也浪费了许多时间。学习了这一课你懂得了时间的重要，以后再不会浪费时间。(字数：100个左右)
April 10, 1999　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Cloudy　　　　　　　　　
The Last Lesson left a deep impression on my mind. I was deeply moved by the teacher's love of his country. The regret of little Franz makes me think of much of the time I've wasted in my daily life. The learning of this lesson helps me to understand the importance of time and therefore I won't waste time from now on.
练习
①为了加强英语书面表达能力的训练，老师要求
你根据下列内容用英语写日记一则。
1999年9月27日　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 星期五　晴
　 今天是周末，又是中国传统节日——中秋节，而下周一就是国庆节，这两个节日如此靠近，使大家有一个4天的假期，人们都非常高兴。
下午，叔叔、姑姑都带着孩子来看奶奶，买了月饼(mooncake)、水果和其他礼物，爸爸、妈妈做了很多好吃的菜。
晚饭后，大家望着空中的一轮明月，谈论着几年来家乡发生的巨大变化和祖国美好的未来。
注意：
日记须包括上述全部内容，可适当增加细节，
使全文连贯。
b．词数100左右。
参考词语
传统traditional
中秋节the Mid-Autumn Festival
②1999年11月23日　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 星期六　　　　　　　　　　　 晴
你的一天活动安排如下，请你据此写一篇日记，作为英语习作练习。
注意：
a．日记须包括上述全部内容，可适当增加细节，使全文连贯。
b．字数80左右。
参考词语
交换exchange
校办工厂the factory run by our school
热烈欢迎give sb. a warm welcome
③以元月8日星期天你生日为内容写一篇日记。
内容如下：
a雨虽下得很大，但许多朋友来参加生日晚会；
b朋友们送礼；
c晚饭后大家吃生日蛋糕，唱歌跳舞拍照；
d晚会12点半结束；
e大家感受很好。
f字数80左右。
④假定今天是6月1日，星期二，天晴。你今天值日，开教室门的钥匙在你这儿。因怕上学迟到，你骑上自行车向学校奔去。由于车跑得过快，把正在步行的一位老人撞倒了。你也从车上摔下来。但你马上站起来，继续向学校赶去。当你到达学校时，发现教室门的钥匙不见了。你不得不……
请根据上面的提示，把你上学时发生的事情用英语写一篇日记(自己考虑事情的结果)。
注意：
a．注意日记格式。
b．词数100字左右。
参考词语
on duty
go to school by bike
stop my bike
hurry to school
⑤假定你正在跟父亲学骑自行车。两星期以来摔了许多跤，但从未停止练习。昨天你骑自行车跟着父亲第一次上了大街。你小心翼翼地骑着，终于平安到了家，受到了父亲的表扬。请你用日记的形式写出你学骑车的经历。(80～100字)
参考词语
摔跤have falls
向……学习learn …from…
干得好do well
⑥一个雪后的清晨，假定你在笔直的路上看到一位骑自行车的妇女摔倒在地，右腿骨折不能站立。你和一位警察把她送往医院。你给妇女的工作单位打了电话。当这位妇女得到护理时，你向她告别而去。请用日记的形式记叙所发生的事。(100～120字)
注意：写出事情发生经过及自己的感想。
参考词语
be covered with
coming and going
fall off
run up
come over
grow up
(二)日记
　
①
Sep.27,1999　　　　　　　　　　　　 Friday　　　　　　　　　　　　 Fine
Today is a weekend and it is the traditional Chinese festival----the Mid-Autumn Festival. Next Monday will be our National Day. These two festivals are so close that we will have a four-day holiday. All Chinese people are very happy.
In the afternoon, my uncle and aunt, together with their children came to visit my grandma. They brought some moon-cakes, fruits, and some other presents with them. My father and mother cooked nice dishes for dinner.
After dinner, we admired the bright moon hanging in the sky, and talked about the great changes that have taken place in our home town in the past few years, and the bright future of our great motherland.
②
Nov. 23, Saturday　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Fine
About fifty American students came to visit our school today.
We gathered at the school gate at 8 o'clock to give them a warm welcome. Then we had a get-together in the reading-room in our library. Our headmaster told them something about our school. And then we talked with each other and exchanged gifts. From nine thirty we showed them around our school. They visited our classroom building, the lab building, the factory run by our school, and the swimming pool. A friendly basketball game started on the sports ground at ten thirty. At twelve o'clock all American students left our school.
In the afternoon my classmates and I went to book shops. We chose and bought some books and tapes.
I was busy but happy today.
③
Jan.8th　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Raining
Today is my birthday. Although it rained heavily, a lot of friends came to my home to attend my birthday party. They brought me many presents. After supper we ate the birthday cake happily. We also took many pictures. The party didn' t finish until it was 12:30 in the morning. What a good time I had! I' ll never forget this birthday.
④
Jun. lst, Tuesday,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Sunny
I am on duty today. I must get to school earlier to open the door of the classroom. Afraid of being late forschool, I decided to go to school by bike. As I was rid ing too fast, I couldn' t stop my bike and suddenly knocked down an old man who was walking across the street. I fell off my bike too. But I had to stand up quickly and hurried to school. However, when I got to school, I found that my key for the door of the classroom was lost. I couldn' t open the door and had to return home to fetch it. You can' t imagine how disappointed I was today!
⑤
April 23rd, 1999　　　　　　　　　Sunday　　　　　Cloudy
I am learning how to ride a bicycle. Two weeks ago I began to learn it from my father. It was not easy at first. I had a lot of falls, but I never stopped trying. Yesterday my father asked me to go out with him by bike. The road was busy. It was full of cars and people. I felt afraid the whole time and was very careful. At last I got home. I felt very tired. My father seemed to be very pleased. He said, “You've done very well, boy!”
⑥
January 9th, 1999　　　　　　　　　　Monday　　　　　Snowy
It snowed last night. This morning the road was covered with snow. There were still a lot of bikes coming and going.
Suddenly I saw a woman fall off her bike. The woman lay on the ground and couldn't get up. I ran up to her and tried to help her get up. She sat up but still couldn't stand up because her right leg was broken. At that moment, a policeman came over. When he saw this he called a taxi. The taxi driver sent the lady to the nearest hospital. I went with her to the hospital. There I telephoned the woman's office and told a man there the whole story.
Seeing that the lady was well looked after I said goodbye to her. Before I left, the lady thanked me again and again. I felt as if I had grown up.
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1故事、报道等
写作指导
故事主要是叙述已经发生的事情。做这种题时通常要交代故事发生的时间、地点和人物。不能脱离提示内容，要尊重原文但又不能逐句翻译。
报道，主要是新闻消息报道，比故事简单，只需说清发生的事情、主要人物、地点等，一般用于报刊杂志上。
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①
One day Jack bought two expensive dictionaries in a bookstore, but he forgot to take them with him. Half an hour later, he went back to look for them. He told the manager all about it. The manager asked him who had served him. Jack pointed to the lady behind the counter. But when the manager asked the lady, Miss Rose, if she had served Jack, she said she couldn't remember. She remembered that the man she had served was wearing a hat. Then the manager asked Jack if he was wearing a hat when he was served. Then the manager asked Jack if he had a hat and asked him to put it on. Miss Rose looked at him carefully and recognized him. She gave the two dictionaries to Jack.
②
There was a man in the State of Qi who was haunted by the fear that one day the sky might fall and the earth collapse(倒塌), and he would have no place to settle. So worried was he that he could not eat and sleep in peace. Someone, anxious that the man would be worried to death, went to reassure him about this. He said to the man:“The sky is only an　 air mass　 and there's air everywhere. You move about all day long in the air,　 inhaling and exhaling, bending and stretching your limbs----why do you have to worry about the sky's　 falling, when it's never likely to happen ”
“It's true that the sky is a congregation of air,”the man rejoined, “but how about the sun, the　 moon and the stars？They will surely fall, won't they ”
“The sun, the moon and the stars are merely such bodies in the congregated air as happen to shine,”the persuader replied. “Even if they did fall, they would hit nothing.”
“Then suppose the earth collapses. What should I do ”
“The earth is merely amassed dust and rocks filling up the space everywhere. There is no spot that has not such masses. And you move about on the earth everyday, stepping on it and walking on it. Why worry that it might collapse ”
The man was gladly relieved, and so was the successful persuader.
③
　
White Dolphins (海豚)
　
Fuzhou-Fishermen in East China's Fujian Province recently observed shoals of white dolphins in the East China Sea. Early last month, Lin Guoqing, a local aquatics expert, observed white dolphins feeding on large yellow croakers, weighing an estimated 500 kilograms. One or two of the dolphins, white or grey, have been spotted at various times in the area over the past 10 years, according to a local fisherman. But this is the first time shoals of the animals were observed. Local fishermen believe the lack of food in the deep make the hungry dolphins attack the yellow croakers raised by the fishermen.
④
Jiang Zhiheng, a blind and poor college student who was helped by the Shanghai programme “aiding poor students through the Internet,” now uses his income to help poor school children, including Xiao Lijuan. The first of its kind in China. The programme has aided 150 poor primary and middle school students over the past month since it began operation.
练习
①一位名叫苗利华的妇女，去年从福州丝绸厂下岗了，现在在省妇女再就业中心的帮助下，找到了新工作。她对新工作非常满意，这家再就业中心自成立两年来，培训了600多位下岗工人，帮助1700多人
找到了新工作。(字数：50左右)
参考词语
在……帮助下with the help of…
省妇女再就业中心…
the provincial female worker's re-employment centre
下岗工人laid-off workers
福州丝绸厂Fuzhou Silk Factory
②北大学生聚集在礼堂听科索沃危机的分析报告，类似这类报告在全国很多大学都有。报告会揭露了北约的残暴，探讨了中国的国内及对外政策。(字数：40左右)
参考词语
聚集to pack(gather)
分析to analyze
揭露to expose
国内外政策the domestic and foreign policies
③一位名叫孙淑君的女士，39岁，残疾人，1983年在辽宁省沈阳市创办了一个弱智儿童幼儿园。现在这家幼儿园已发展成当地最大的幼儿园。
参考词语
幼儿园kindergarten
弱智儿童children with below-average-level
④
　
叶公好龙
　
叶公喜欢龙，器物上画着龙，住的房间里雕刻着龙。天龙听说后就特地下凡，把头放在窗台上看，把尾巴拖到堂屋。叶公看见后，飞快地往回逃跑，失魂落魄，脸色大变。这就是说叶公不是真正喜欢龙，只喜欢像龙又不是龙的东西罢了。(字数：120左右)
参考词语
龙dragon
装饰品和雕刻物the decorations and carvings
下凡to descend
一见到at sight of
拔腿就跑to take to one's heels
⑤
　
梁上君子
　
有一个窃贼晚上潜入Cheng Zhi的家中，躲在他家的房梁上。
Cheng Zhi暗中正好看见了，自己起来整理一下穿着，喊自己的儿子孙子起来，严肃地教训他们，说：“人不能不自己努力。不善良的人，未必本性就是恶的，只不过是长期以来的习惯使他弄成这样的品性，于是才到作恶的这一地步。梁上君子就是这样的人。”
窃贼大惊，自己从梁上跳到地上，磕头谢罪。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
窃贼burglar
潜入to sneak
梁beam
尽管in spite of
请求原谅to plead for one's forgiveness
本性坏evil in nature
磕头kowtow
⑥
　
守株待兔
　
宋国有一个种田人，他的田中有株树。一天，有一只兔子奔跑时撞在树上折断颈脖而死。这个人(宋人)就放下他的农具守在树下，希望再得到兔子。可是兔子再没有得到，而他自己却因为这件事被宋国人耻笑。(字数：80左右)
参考词语
耕田to plough in the fields
树桩tree stump
笑柄 laugh stock
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1(五)贺卡
　
写作指导
贺卡主要是西方社会中圣诞节、生日等一些值得
庆贺的机会时人们常常使用的一种祝贺形式。贺卡通
常文字简短，常常只含有一句话。
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①
②
③
④
练习
①设计一张Alice给Tom的新年和圣诞贺卡。
②设计一张生日贺卡。
(五)贺卡*
　
①
②
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1(一)书信
　概述
书信是人们在日常生活和工作中进行交际的工具，也是高考书面表达中常见的考试文体。由于民族语言和习惯上的差异，英语信件在书写格式及表达方式上与汉语不大一样，有些地方迥然不同。本章将向大家介绍一般格式及各种常见信件，如家信、祝贺信、道歉信及自荐信等。
一般格式
英文书信的构成可分为8个部分：
信头(Heading)
日期(Date)
收信人姓名及地址(Inside Name and Address)
称呼(Salutation)
信文(Body of the letter)
结束语(Complimentary close)
署名(Signature)
附言(P. S.)
(1)信头(Heading)
信头是指发信人的单位名称或地址。一般情况下发信人只需把自己的地址写(打字，手写均可)在信的右上角，离开信纸的顶头约1英寸，占二三行或四行均可，格式如下：
①齐头式
②缩进式
注意：写地址的次序与中文不同，应先写门牌号码街道，然后城市和国名。写地址时采用齐头或缩进式，以及每行后要不要加标点符号，都没有固定的规定。如写给经常往来的亲友，这项地址也可以省略。
(2)日期(Date)
写日期注意下列各点：
①年份应写全，例如不能用“99”来代替“1999”；
②月份应写英文名称，除May, July外，可用缩写，如：Sep., Oct.。但不要用数字来代替，如7／4／99 或7， 4， 99，因为在英国此日期代表 7th April，1999，而美国则代表4th July，1999。
③日期可用1，2，3，4…11，12…21，22…31等，也可用lst，2nd，3rd，4th…11th，21th…22nd…31st等。
日期的几种写法：
a．July 7，1998
b．1st October, 1998
c．30 Nov., 1997
d．Sep. 3rd, 1999
④特别注意英文书信日期应紧接着写信人地址下一行，不能像写中文书信那样写在书信签名之后，这是很多学生的常见错误。
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①
②
(3)收信人姓名及地址(Inside Name and Address)
写信人的地址和日期写好以后，接着就要写收信人的姓名和地址，一般的事务信件或给较生疏的朋友的信件要写，而在给极熟的朋友的信中则可省去。这一项写在日期下一行的左上角。收信人姓名写一行，收信人地址可分两行或三行写，和写信人的地址一样，上下可取齐，也可以向右缩进。在姓名前一般要加上称号，称号因人而异。
①对普通男子用Mr；
②对未婚女子用Miss；
③对已婚女子用Mrs，对婚姻状况不明确的通常用Ms(后跟本人姓)；
④对男子用Master；
⑤对教授或博士(医生)用Prof．或Dr．
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(4)称呼(Salutation)
称呼指的是信文开头的那种称呼，如Dear , Mr, Uncle，各种称呼因人而异。在称呼后面一般是用逗号，但也有用冒号的。现归纳如下：
①对父母、兄弟、姐妹等；
a．Father,
b．My dear Mother,
c. Dear Sister,
d.　 Dear Tom,
②对亲戚：
a．My dear Auntie,
b．Dear Cousin,
c．My dear Cousin,
③对朋友、同学
a．My dear friend,
b．Dear Mr Jackson,
c．My dear Mr Jackson,
d．Dear Sir,
④对未婚女子：
a．Dear Miss Luce,
b．My dear Miss Luce,
⑤对一般女子，不论是否结婚：
a．Madame,
b．Dear Madame,
⑥对已婚女子：
a．Dear Mrs Helen Jackson,
b．My dear Mrs Helen Jackson,
⑦对公司、工厂、学校等：
a．Dear Sirs,
b．Sirs,
c．Gentlemen,
(5)信文(Body of the letter)
信文是信件的主体部分，也就是信的内容。正文应在称呼下两行开始。信的开头第一个字母通常和称呼开头第一个词平齐。也有往后退四个或八个字母的。下面介绍一些开头语和结尾语。
开头语
①相当于中文的“敬君者”。
a．I beg to inform you that…
b．I beg to take this opportunity to inform you that …
c．I have the honor to address you that…
d． I write　 in　 a　 hurry　 to　 inform　 you　 that…
e．I have the pleasure to tell you that…
f. I'm very much delighted to inform you that…
②相当于中文的“接读某月某日来信，一切知悉”。
a．I thank you very much for your letter of May 20th …
b．Your letter of May 20th has been received with thanks.
c．It gives me great pleasure to receive your kind of May 20th.
d．In answer to your kind letter of May 20th, I deeply regret that …
e．I have received your kind letter of May 20th.
f．Words can't express my delight on finding your favor of yesterday on my desk this morning.
g．Your letter dated May 20th has been received.
结尾语
采用三种方法：
①采用分词短语：句末用逗号，不用句号。例如：
a．Waiting for your good news,
b．Looking forward to your early reply,
c．Hoping to hear from you soon,
d．Hoping you are enjoying good health,
e．Regretting that I can't give you a more favorite reply,
f．Regretting the trouble I'm causing you,
g．Wishing you every success,
h．Wishing you a pleasant journey,
i．Wishing you a happy New Year,
②采用介词短语，例如：
a．With best regards,
b．With kind regards to your family,
c．With best wishes to you and yours,
d．With best wishes for your success and happiness,
e．With best wishes for your success in your new field of work,
f．With best regards and wishing you all success,
g．With warmest　 regards,
h．With best regards to you and your family,
i．With the season's greetings,
③采用完整句子：
a．We are waiting for your good news.
b．I hope to receive your early reply.
c．We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
d．I thank　 you very much　 for　 your　 services, and wish your continued success.
(6)结束语(Complimentary Close)
结束语的一般写法如下：
①业务书信常用：
Yours faithfully,
Faithfully yours,
Yours truly,
Truly yours,
Sincerely yours,
②公函常用：
Yours respectfully,
Respectfully yours,
Yours sincerely,
③私人书信常用：
Sincerely yours,
Yours very sincerely,
Yours affectionately,
Yours ever,
④给亲戚朋友的信常用：
Love,
All my love,
Your(ever)loving son/daughter/cousin , etc.
Your affectionate nephew, lovingly,
Lovingly yours,
(7)署名(Signature)
下面是署名的例子：
①个人署名：
truly,
W. J. Watson
Yours faithfully,
②公司署名：
Legend Computer Company
Wang Lin
Sales Manager
(8)附言(Postscript)
发信人有时在写完信后又想起一件比较重要的事没有说，可以在信末署名下面几行写上， P. S. (Postscript 的缩写)，然后将要补充的话写上。不过要注意写信时最好将事情一次讲清楚，尽量少用或不用P.S.。
以上英文书信结构8个部分在信内的位置如下：
精选范文
①
101 Hankou Road
Shanghai, China
12th Feb., 1982
The Registrar
Oxford University
England
Dear Sir,
I wish enter an Oxford College to study for an Arts degree in English Literature. I enclose a list of my qualifications, and you will see what I have been studying　 at…University for the last three years.
I have, of course, No English examination qualifications.
Could you kindly suggest which of the various colleges would be most likely to receive my application so that I can apply to them individually
Looking forward to an early reply, I remain,
Yours truly,
Denis Green
P. S. Kindly send me a syllabus.
②生日贺信
Dear Bob,
Tomorrow is your birthday. I imagine your family is planning a celebration for you. I write this letter to offer you my heartiest congratulations and best wishes for merry returns of the day.
With my sincere wishes for your success,
Yours truly,
Tom
③圣诞节及新年贺信
Dear Mary and Helen,
A merry Christmas and a Happy Year to you! Allow me to offer you Season Greetings. May the New Year will bring you a bright and prosperous(繁荣) future.
My family who are well and happy, join me in my good wishes.
Yours very sincerely,
Barbara
④感谢信
Dear Sir,
With feelings of deep gratitude I address you to give my　 thanks for your noble and generous efforts by which my son was saved from the lake.　 Surely,　 if it had not been for your help, my son would not be alive now. I shall be most happy to have a chance of serving you in return.
I extend you again a thousand thanks for the great favor.
Yours faithfully,
Wang Bing
⑤
Dear Harry,
I expect to leave Shanghai for Nanjing next Monday and intend to stay there for a month or so.　 You told me you had been there for a long time and knew a lot of people.　 I, therefore, shall thank you if you will kindly let me have one or two letters of introduction to them as I am an entire stranger in that place.
Yours,
John
⑥申请信(申请作为研究助理)
Dear Sir,
I'm a graduate student in the Physics Department of Qinghua University.
Recently I read that you are hiring an assistant to do research on　 solar physics. As you can see from my re' sume' (简历).I have had experience in this field. I'm very interested in your project and hope to work with you. My telephone number is 83745102.
Thank you for your consideration. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Sincerely,
Wang Ling
练习
①假定你的名字是李桦，你给World Youth杂志寄去了你的姓名住址，征求笔友。下面是你收到的一封信，请给此信写一封约100字的回信。(1999)
16 South Street
Epping T33 B54 UK
6th Jan.,1999
Dear Li Hua,
I got your name and address from “World Youth”and I would like to be your penfriend.
I am a boy of 14. I live with my parents in Epping, a town near London. I go to the Epping School. I'm in form 2. This term we have maths, physics, biology, history, English and physical education. For my foreign language I take French.　 I would like to take Chinese only they don't teach it here. After school I like playing football and I am on the school team. I also like collecting stamps. Can you send me some Chinese stamps
Please write and tell me about yourself and your school.
Your new friend,
Alex Baker
②英语杂志 BBC ENGLISH有一专栏“Can I help you ”专门解答读者提出的英语问题。专栏编者叫Jill Welfare(女)。该杂志社地址是：BBC English Magazine, P. O. Box76, Bush House, London WC2B 4PH, U. K.
假定你叫李红，是北京第一中学高三学生。现由你写一封信到该杂志社请教以下两个问题：
a．你的老师认为应该说：“He is taller than I.”但你听到有人说：“He is taller than me.”你想知道哪个对及为什么？
b．你想知道further和farther在意义上、用法上是完全一样，还是有什么不同？
注意：
a．只要把该问题的问题问清楚，不要翻译试题说明。(字数：80～120)
b．不要在信中使用自己的真实姓名和地址。
参考词语
have…to ask
mean the same thing
③假定你的名字是魏勇，住在北京东长安街233号。
今年6月份，美国青年学生Jack Gooper随青年访华团访问北京。最后一天在青年宫举行告别会(farewell party)。你参加了，坐在Jack Cooper旁边，散会时你和他互相拿错了对方的笔记本(notebook)。事后你翻看笔记本，发现他的名字地址，才知道拿错了。现在你把笔记本寄回去给他，写一封简单的信说明，同时请他把你的笔记本按你所给的地址寄来给你。(字数：80～140)
参考词语
take…by mistake
look into
by post
at the address
④假定你叫李霞，是天津市第二中学高三年级学生，你在阅读英文中遇到一些问题，4月25日你写信给复旦大学的王教授，请他抽出一个小时的时间来为你解答学习英语中的一些问题，请王教授安排时间和地点。(字数：80～100)
参考词语
senior grade three
appreciate
spare
⑤下面是某中外合资企业刊登在China Daily上的一则招聘广告。
Office secretary, with experience in book-keeping, Type-writing
Public relations, operating PC= (personal computer)
Address, age, health and education
A950 Tomas Office
请根据广告中所提出的招聘职务、应聘条件和你自己的简要情况，用80个左右单词写一封自我介绍信，联系地址A950 Tomas Office。假定你的名字是王华，通信处是威海市45信箱(P.O. Box 45)时间为1999年7月8日，注意书信格式。
参考词语
be fit for
in good health
teach oneself
⑥假定你叫林华，是学生会干事，你于8月9日写信给在京的美国朋友Charlie。
你和Charlie自春节以来没有见面，他刚刚从南京旅行回来，向他问好。
为了庆祝五四青年节，学生会计划举行各种活动，将召开晚会，举行座谈会，请历史老师讲中国青年运动史，并拟请Charlie介绍现在美国青年的生活、学习及工作情况。
注意：信件包括上述全部内容，可适当增加细节，使全文连贯。
参考词语
青年节：The Youth Day
春节：The Spring Festival
学生会：The Student Union
⑦假设你是环宇丝绸贸易公司(Huanyu Silk Trade Company)人事部主任Maty Walter，请用英语给一位名叫Li Gang的求职者写一封100词左右的回信，通知他公司经理将与他面谈。写信日期为2月8日。信的内容要点如下：
面谈地点：经理办公室。
面谈时间：3月18日，上午9点半。
面谈内容：求职动机、特长及录用后的打算。
体检时间：面谈一周之后。
录用与否：4月初告知。
参考词语
have a talk
medical examination
⑧某进出口公司在报上登了一则广告，想招聘一名秘书，其条件如下：
年龄不超过28周岁，未婚；男性身高1.72米以上，女性身高1.60米以上；身体健康；大学毕业，会两门外国语者优先(但必须懂英文)；能进行计算机操作。
假如你是李卫，想应聘，请根据上述要点写一封100字左右的求职信。
参考词语
ask for the job
operate a computer
⑨假如你叫Mary, 你的朋友Jane生病了，主要是因为工作太辛苦，又缺乏锻炼。请你写一封信给她，劝她每天至少要运动一个小时，并告诉她；你明天休息，将去看望她。
注意写信格式。(字数：80～100)
⑩假定你的名字叫王红，你的朋友孙刚邀请你参加他的生日晚会，你不能去。请你给孙刚写封信，表示歉意，并说明理由：因要参加高考，没有办法答应。最后要表示祝贺并送上生日贺卡一张，你住在上海市长沙路192号，写信日期1999年7月1日。
注意书信格式。(字数：80～100)
(11)假定你是英国学生(John)，在上海二中学习，于6月1日给Babara写信，谈谈伦敦与上海的不同，100～120字，内容如下：
伦敦　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 上海
汽车靠左行　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 汽车靠右行
很多人乘汽车上班　　　　　　　　　　　 多数人骑自行车上班
阴天多　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 晴天多
一星期工作五天　　　　　　　　　　　　　 一星期工作五天
懂汉语人少　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 懂英语的人多
学生较放松　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 学生较勤奋
参考词语
气候：climate

　
(一)书信
　
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ××Middle School
Guangzhou, China
March 17, 1999
Dear Alex,
I've just received your postcard and I am very pleased with it.
The city where I live is called Guangzhou. It is a big city in the south of China.
The climate here is good. It is not so hot in summer and quite mild in winter, though it rains a lot in spring. There are flowers everywhere almost throughout the year. So we call Guangzhou“the Gity of Flowers”.
Guangzhou is a famous and important city. Its industry is rather developed, and many meetings are held here.
Guangzhou has many places for sightseeing. For example,the Baiyun Mountain,the Yuexiu Park and the Cultural Park. If you come I'll show you around.
I am looking forward to your coming.
Your friend,
Li Hua
Beijing
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 People's Republic of China
July, 1999
Ms/Miss Jill Welfare,
“Can I help you ”
BBC ENGLISH Magazine
P. O. Box 76, Bush House
London WC2B 4PH
U.K.
Dear MS/Miss Welfare,
I have two questions to ask you.
1．I have heard some people say“He is taller than me.”instead of “He is taller than I.” Which is correct Can you please explain why
2．Do “further” and“farther” mean the same thing If not, what is the difference When do we use the one and when do we use the other
Will you please answer these questions for me Thank you very much.
Yours truly,
Li Hong
233 Dong Changan Street
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Beijing
People's　 Republic of China
July 17, 1999
Dear Jack,
In June when you were visiting Beijing on the last day of your trip a farewell party was given at the Youth Palace. At the party I sat next to you. Then at the end when we went away we took each other's notebook by mistake. I discovered this only afterwards when I looked into the notebook and found your name and address inside. I am now sending your notebook by post to you. Will you please send my notebook to me at the address which is given above Thank you very much.
I hope you will visit Beijing again soon.
Your Chinese friend,
Wei Yong
No.2 Middle School
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Tianjin
April 25, 1999
Dear Professor Wang,
I'm a senior Grade Three student. I study in Tianjin No.2 Middle School.I have some questions on my English reading. I'd like you to help me with them.I'll appreciate it very much if you would kindly spare me an hour or so. And I'll be very glad to receive your letter telling me when and where we shall get together.
Hoping this won't trouble your too much.
Yours,
Li Xia
P.O.Box45
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Weihai City
July 8th, 1999
A950
Tomas Office
Dear Sir,
I've read your ad. in yesterday's China Daily. I feed I am fit for the job needed in your company. I'm 20 years old and in good health.
After graduation from a middle school. I taught myself English for two years. I studied book-keeping, typewriting and public relations. I'm good at both operating personal computer and English in listening and speaking. I'm interested in the position of a secretary.
I want very much to be accepted by your company, I'll work hard if I can be a member in your company.
Wanghua
⑥　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Aug 9th
Dear Charlie,
We haven't seen each other since the Spring Festival. I was told that you had just come back from Nanjing, and how about your trip
May 4 is The Youth Day in China. In order to celebrate it many activities will be held by the Student Union in our school. We plan to have a party and a talk.A history teacher will talk about the history of the Chinese Youth Movement. Since students are interested in how the young people in the United States are living,studying and working, I hope that you will come and tell us something abut it. We would appreciate it If you could come.
I hope that we will meet soon.
With best wishes,
Yours truly,
Lin Hua
⑦　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Huanyu Silk Trade Company
Feb. 8th,
Dear Li Gang,
Glad to have received your letter. I'd like to tell you that our manager is going to have a talk with you in his office at 9∶30 on the morning of March 18. Here are some questions you are expected to answer：
Why do you want to work in our company
What are you good at
How many foreign languages do you know
What do you plan to do if you are employed
There will be a medical examination a week later. We'll let you know whether you will be employed or not at the beginning of April.
Wish you good luck,
Yours sincerely,
Maty Walter
⑧　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Oct 8， 1999
Dear sir,
After reading your advertisement for a secretary in today's newspaper. I want to ask for the job.
I am Li Wei, 25 years old, male, and unmarried. I am 1.75 metres tall and I am healthy and strong. I graduated from Qinghua University three years ago. I have been an English teacher in No. 1 High School in Anyang, Henan Province since then. I'm good at English and my students like listening to me. I can also speak and write in French, and operate a computer and type very well.
I would like to be a secretary very much.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Wei
⑨　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 April 30
My dear Jane,
I'm sorry to hear that you have been ill for days and hope you've got better now. You have been working so hard and have so little exercises This is very harmful to your health. I suggest you take at least one hour's exercises every day.It will do you good. If you keep on doing exercises every day, you will certainly feel better. Tomorrow is a holiday. I'll come to see you.
With best wishes,
Truly yours,
Mary
192 Changsha Road
⑩　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Shanghai,
July 1st 1999
Dear Sun Gang,
Thank you for inviting me to your birthday party, but I'm afraid I can't come. I have so much homework to do. You know, I will have the college entrance examination next week. And it is so important to me.However, I'll be thinking of you alone. I am writing this letter and send you this birthday card to express my best wishes to you. I wish your party success and also wish you many happy returns.
Yours Truly,
Wang Hong
The No.2 Middle School
(11)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Shanghai China
July 1st
Dear Babara,
It is Children's Day and I have a day off.I'm　 going to tell you something about China.
In our country cars are driven on the left side of the road, but here on the right side. Many people of London go to work by car while most people in Shanghai go to work by bike. The climate of Shanghai is better than ours, which is fine for long But London has so many cloudy days. Workers in Shanghai work five days a week just as in London. Students here work hard at their lessons and a lot of people can speak English. It's a pity that students in our country don't make full use of time and few know Chinese.
That's all for today. Please write to me.
Yours Lovely,
John
PAGE
1看图作文类
　
写作指导
在做看图作文时，首先要学会看图。这种图画一般在平面上通过线条、色彩、明暗等艺术手段，创造出人们可以直接感觉到的视觉形象和空间形象，来反映生活，来表达作者的某种思想倾向、某种爱憎和他们对现实的评价。
学生在做这类题时，必须根据画面，恰当地运用所学的词句表达一个完整的故事。要审清题意，看懂画面所表达的意思，紧扣主题。防止因对画面的错误理解而走题。有些画面上附有提示，注意仔细参阅，正确使用。
精选范文
你有过不顺利的一天吗？下面四幅图就是有关张红不顺利的一天。
　
A Bad Day
　
I had a very bad day yesterday. Everything went wrong. In the morning, my alarm clock didn't ring. So I woke up one hour late.　 I was in such a hurry that I burned my hand when I was making breakfast. Then I ran out of the house to catch the 8:30 bus, but of course I missed it. I was very unhappy because my teacher gets angry if anyone is late for class. I ran three miles to the school　 only　 to　 discover that it was Sunday.
练习
①初春的一天，你们班组织了一次保护环境、清理废弃物的活动。请用英语把图中的事写成日记。
(字数：100左右)
写作要点：
a．骑车出发　　　　 b．到公园　　　　　　　 c．捡垃圾
d．树标牌　　　　　 e．向行人宣传　　　　 f．回家　　　　　　 g．感想
用词达意：
树标牌及内容的多种表达，向行人宣传。
参考词语
出发tostart out
捡垃圾to collect the rubbish
贴通知to put up notice
保护环境to protect the environment
②下列6幅画描述你在4月8日那天的情况，用日记的方式给予表达。(字数：120左右)提示：
a．准备上学；
b．发现一建筑物着火；
c．报火警。
参考词语
急急忙忙in a hurry
给消防警打电话
to phone to the fire police station
扑灭to put out
英雄行为heroic deed
③下面一组图是Tom上学的路上所见到的不良现象，如常听人吵架生气。请你根据下面提示的内容写一篇题为“礼貌”的短文。(字数：100左右)
提示：
a．未经允许拿走他人东西；
b．因踩了人家的脚，不道歉，发生口角；
c．不敲门进入他人房间。
参考词语
相处好to get along well with…
取得允许to ask for permission
踩脚to step on one's foot
敲门to knock at the door
坏行为rude behavior
坏脾气bad temper
因……争吵to quarrel about…
④在“八一”建军节前夕，某英文杂志征集有关“军爱民”的故事，请按下列图画写一篇短文。(字数：120左右)
提示：
两位老人均80岁。住北京东城区，20年前失去了惟一的女儿。军人李民从1980年至今关心照料老人，传为佳话。
参考词语
夫妻俩a couple
帮忙to give…a hand
照料to take care of
高度评价to praise highly for…
⑤请根据以下6幅图的内容写一篇题为“An Interesting Book”的短文。(字数：100左右)
提示：
要开饭了，等儿子来开饭，儿子在看一本书，把儿子喊来了，父亲又不在饭桌上，干什么去了呢？
参考词语
坐在地上to sit on the floor
不情愿unwilling
把……留在…… to leave…
吃惊to one's surprise
沉浸在……中to lose oneself in…
⑥请根据下面3幅画的内容写一篇短文。(字数：100左右)
提示：
你班响应号召3月12日组织全班同学参加植树。
参考词语
植树to plant trees
组织to be organized
挖洞to dig holes
使……直to keep…straight
⑦请根据下面6幅画的内容写一篇日记。(字数：120左右)
提示：
事情发生在一家服装店，我买了一件衣服，不合适要退换，服务员不肯，两人争吵，经理来了，我满意而归。
参考词语
态度冷淡to treat…coldly
承认to admit
借各种理由to give various excuses
拒绝要求to　 refuse one's request
批评to criticize
满意地with satisfaction
道别to say goodbye to somebody
⑧请用英语写一篇短文，叙述下面4幅画的内容。(字数：80左右)
提示：
Smith碰到一小偷，视而不见，警察打听，不说真话，回到家发现自家被盗。
参考词语
回家路上on one's way home
拉下帽子to pull down one's hat
假装没看见to pretend not to see
吃惊地……to be surprised to
抓住小偷to catch the thief
⑨请用英文写一篇短文，叙述下面几幅画的内容。
提示：
格林父女俩去钓鱼，鱼没钓着，遇上大雨，淋病了。(字数：80左右)
参考词语
钓鱼to go fishing
遇上大雨to be caught in a heavy rain
感冒to catch a cold
发烧to have a fever
⑩下列4幅图是介绍两青年男子在公园散步，开始彼此不认识，也没注意，后来突然发现后面有人要去占一个位子，赶紧走，坐上位子，另一位青年拿“Wet Paint”的牌子给他看。你想象一下坐上位子的人的感受，并根据以上叙述写一篇短文。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
在公园散步to walk in the park
回头to turn round
为了……in order to
超前ahead of
一……就Nosooner…than…
失望disappointed
(11)画中女孩杨梅吃过早饭，准备去看电影，上车后一位老奶奶上车，她赶紧让位，……
请你用英语以第一人称的口吻写一篇短文，叙述一下6幅图的内容。
参考词语
决定做……to decide to…
上车to get on a bus
道别to say good-bye to…
挥手to wave to…
(12)请用英语写一篇记叙小红领盲人过桥的经过。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
上学路上on one's way to school
过桥to walk across the bridge
往前走几步to step forward a few paces
领……人到……to take…to…
(13)大水淹没了小明的家和学校，开学无望，八方支援，小明又重新背上书包。请根据这些内容写篇短文。
参考词语
袭击to hit
遭受破坏to be seriously damaged
受……之苦to suffer from
响应号召to answer the call
无私的unselfish
(14)下面的图片表明邹南华是如何遇见琼斯夫妇的。
请根据邹南华所说的话替他给Jones夫妇写封回信。(字数：100左右)
“I want to thank them for the wheelchair. It is much better than my old one. Now I can move about more easily. I really feel grateful. Ask them if there is anything I can do for them. Oh, yes, tell them I just published a new painting, and I will mail a copy to them.”
参考词语
比……好得多much better than…
感激to feel grateful
太高兴only too glad to
盼望to look forward to
(15)下面两幅画是一位美籍华人所看到的中国妇女地位的变化，请你用第一人称的口吻写一篇短文叙述画中的内容。(字数：120左右)
提示：
第一幅画：指在旧中国；
第二幅画：指在新中国。
参考词语
解放前before liberation
轻视to be looked down upon
长大to grow up
受高等教育to receive a high education
取得成就to make great achievements
各个领域in every field
(16)Peter和你同班，他住友谊宾馆。你到他住处请他参加明天下午同学的生日宴会，他不在家，请你用英语给他留个条，邀请他参加，并给他画好路线图。(字数：60左右)
图中标“ ”是过生日的同学家。
参考词语
径直走to go straight
(17)你的同学Black是第一中学的新生，该校位于邮电局的对面，Black要到新华书店去买本字典，但不知怎样走，请根据下图，写文告诉Black怎样尽快找到新华书店。(字数：80左右)
参考词语
右拐to turn to right
在……拐角at the corner of
对面opposite to
(18)请根据下列图表写一篇该地区煤、油、天然气的发展情况。(字数：100左右)
提示：
a．本地区久负盛产煤、石油和天然气的美名；
b．图表已明示这三种燃料每年的生产情况；
c．天然气的生产情况对其他两种燃料的生产有很大影响；
d．1992年努力找到了新的油气田，大幅度地促进了三种燃料生产的增长。
参考词语
为……出名to be famous for
一般说来generally speaking
增加to increase
(19)请用英语写一篇短文，描述汽车里发生的事情。(字数：100左右)
提示：
a．在公共汽车里，一位女士的假发套被风吹掉；
b．乘客们嘲笑，女士很困窘；
c．一位小女孩帮女士捡起了发套；
d．乘客们无地自容。
参考词语
真情sincere feelings
假发false hair
无头发的hairless
治愈to be cured
被吹掉to be blown
捡起to pick up
(20)请描述一下公共汽车中让座的情形，注意图中人物的外貌及神态的描写。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
让座to offer a seat
白发the grey hair
坐满了人to be full of people
戴眼镜to wear glasses
拐杖a walking stick
(21)下面几幅图是你第一次炒菜的过程及感受，请你用英语写一篇短文，叙述一下这次过程及感受。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
炒菜to cook
首次for the first time
西红柿tomatoes
倒油to pour oil
在……帮助下with the help of
表扬to praise sb. for…
(22)请用英语写一篇短文，描述一下以下6幅图的内容。(字数：100左右)
提示：
a．山洪爆发了；
b．武警战士们去救助被洪水围困的群众。
参考词语
洪水flood
处于危险之中to be in danger
毫不犹豫without hesitation
安全地带safe place
带领部队to lead one's army
(23)请为下面一幅漫画配上英文说明。(字数：120左右)
提示：
a．画中人物
Mr and Mrs Turners；
他们的儿子John。
b．标题
Extreme Joy Begets Sorrow
参考词语
乐极生悲extreme joy begets sorrow
给……买……to buy…for…
放手with one's hands off
自豪，得意proud
加速to speed up
兴高采烈地cheerfully
受伤to get hurt
陷入悲伤中to go into deep sorrow
(24)下面6幅图是反映学生的课外体育活动的，请你用英语写一篇短文加以描述。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
进行体育活动
to do exercises and physical training
拔河have a tug-of-war match
出乎意料地unexpectedly
比分score
输了比赛to lose a match
PAGE
1(四)海报
　写作指导
海报是一种带有装饰的宣传广告，常常是手写的，有的也印刷，有时配以绘画，内容多是大众喜闻乐见的消息，如球讯、电影消息等。
精选范文
①
　Valleyball Match
　Teacher's team V. Girl student's Team
Time: 2∶30　 p. m, Oct. 20,1998
Place: The Playground
All the teachers are welcome to watch the match.
The Student Union
②
　This Week's Film
　
Name: Spring
Time: 7∶30　 p.m. Saturday, May　 8
Place: The meeting-room　
The Student Union
练习
①
　篮球比赛
　高二(3)班对高二(4)班
时间：1999年10月20日下午3点30分
地点：校篮球场
欢迎大家前往观看助威。
高二年级组
②
　影讯
片名：《世上只有妈妈好》
时间：星期六晚上6∶30
地点：电影院
票价：每张2元
参考单词
票价fare
电影院cinema
③
　
舞会
　
时间：1999年9月10日晚上7∶30
地点：学校会议室
欢迎所有的老师参加。
　
(四)海报
　
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Basketball Match
Class Three Senior Grade Two
V.Class Four Senior Grade Two
Time: 3:30 p. m. Oct. 20,1999
Place: School Basketball court
Everyone is welcome to watch the match and cheer up our team.
The Teacher Group of
Senior Grade Two
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Film News
Name: Only mum is the best in the world
Time: 6:30 p. m. Saturday
Place: The cinema
Fare: Two yuan each
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Dancing Party
Time: 7:30 p. m. September 10, 1999
Place: The Meeting Room
All the teachers and students are warmly welcome.
PAGE
1人物传记类
　
写作指导
人物传记也是记叙文体的一种，但人物传记主要是写名人或伟人的生平、事迹。因此，写人物传记时，要抓住其出生年月、主要事迹、人们的评论等进行叙述。
精选范文
①
　
Our English Teacher
　
Do you know our English teacher 　 Look!　 There is a young man standing over there.　 He isn't tall, and looks very thin.　 Who is he 　 He is our English teacher. His name is Sun Feng.
Our teacher is strict not only with himself but also with us. We all like him, because he is a good teacher and often helps us with our English.
My classmate Wang Haiyan was not good at Eng-lish at first. He often thought: “My English is poor, what can I do ” Mr Sun knew it and said to him: “Don't be disappointed, keep up with your classmates! I believe, you can. ” With the help of our teacher, he decided to catch up with his classmates. So he began to put his heart into English and did better in English. At last, he took part in the English contest and got a prize.
Our English teacher works hard and he is as busy as a bee. He often prepares lessons and studies until late at night. In Grade three, we often have tests and have more English homework. Mr Sun always goes over it carefully.
Mr Sun gets on well with us. He likes singing very much. One day before classes began, he said to us: “Now, let me teach you an English song. ”
We all like our English teacher. He is not only teacher but also our good friend. Don't you think so
②
　
Zheng leaps into history
　
In the winter of 1953, a powerful jump from a Chinese woman attracted world attention.
Twenty-year-old Chinese athlete Zheng Fengrong shattered the women's high jump world record with a leap of 1.77 metres in a Beijing athletic meet on November 17, 1957.
The new record, the first women's world record for the People's Republic of China, was one centimetre higher than the old mark held by American Mildred McDaniel .
The jump also made Zheng the first Asian athlete to break a world track and field record since 1936.
The record jump, although by a tiny margin, was described by the foreign media as “an explosive jump” because it generated China's first athletic world record.
Dubbed “ a spring swallow (燕子) awakening (唤醒了)Chinese sports, ” Zheng sent a message to the world that China was Nolonger the “sick man of the East. ”
Born in the spring city of Jinan, Shandong Province, Zheng, who stands at 1.70 metres, has a good physique and a skillful scissor----sharp jump which was seldom seen among top jumpers in the world.
She once leapt 1.78 metres, a national record in 1963.
She claimed a well-merited place in sporting history when her achievement was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records (吉尼斯世界纪录) .
Due to her contribution (贡献) to athletics, Zheng was awarded a series of honours. She was named among the nation's greatest athletes (运动员) in 1984.
③
　
Rong is first world champion
　
When China was hungry for their first world title to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China table tennis player Rong Guotuan made their dream come true.
Rong became New China's first world champion after he won the men's singles title at the 25th World Table Tennis Championships, in former West Germany on April 5, 1959.
Before the championships, the team had pinned their gold hopes on the men's team. But their dream of a world team title was destroyed by the Hungarian team in the semifinal match, losing three games to five.
After a chain of (一系列) unexpected defeats to Chinese favoured for the title, Rong carried the heavy hopes to make a breakthrough.
Rong's rival in the final was top Hungarian paddler Ferenc Sido.
Rong was seen as an underdog for the title as he had just lost to Sido in the team contest. Even the victory flowers were being prepared for Sido.
But much to the surprise of the 8000-member audience, Rong won three straight sets with a big margin 21-12, 21-15, and 21-14 after losing the first set 19-21. Until that very moment, Rong realized the promise he made one year ago, that was to win a world championship for his motherland.
Two years later at the 26th championship for his motherland.
Two years later at the 26th championships in Beijing,　 Rong led the Chinese men to win the team title.
After becoming the coach(教练) of the Chinese women's team,　 Rong led the team to the winners' podium at the 28th championships(锦标赛)in 1965.
练习
①写一篇说明马丁·路德·金生平的短文。
提示：马丁·路德·金是著名的美国黑人民权运动领袖。他1929年1月15日出生于乔治亚州亚特兰大，1951年就读于波士顿大学，1952年认识了Coretta Scott，并相爱，1953年结了婚。1954年金离开波士顿，成为阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利基督教浸礼会牧师，开始领导黑人运动。1963年成千上万的黑人来到华盛顿听他著名的演讲。1964年他获得了诺贝尔和平奖。1968年4月4日他在田纳西州孟菲斯被暗杀。(字数：120左右)
参考词语
美国黑人民权运动
the black American civil rights movement
波士顿大学Boston University
爱上……fall in love with
牧师minister
林肯纪念馆the Lincoln Memorial
诺贝尔和平奖the Nobel Peace Prize
被暗杀to be assassinated
②根据下面提示写篇短文。
a．歇洛克·福尔摩斯是19世纪末英国的一位著名侦探；
b．他通常在警察到来之前，就把案件侦破了；
c．许多人信任他，当他们有麻烦或有危险时来求他帮忙；
d．他足智多谋，帮助很多人解决了他们的私事；
e．有很多故事都是关于福尔摩斯的，至今他还被人们所怀念。(字数：70左右)
参考词语
福尔摩斯Sherlock Holmes
19世纪末at the end of 19th century
信任to believe in
陷入困境to be in trouble
私事personal affairs
被怀念to be remembered
③请以Madame Curie为题，写一篇英语短文，要点如下：
a．Madame Curie为世界著名的女科学家，1867年出生于波兰一个教师家庭，卒于1934年。
b．从小爱学习并希望成为科学家，16岁中学毕业，24岁赴巴黎就读于巴黎大学，生活简朴，学习刻苦。
c．一生致力于科学研究，于1903年和1911年两次分别获诺贝尔物理奖和诺贝尔化学奖。
d．一个女人事业成功不容易，而一生中两次获诺贝尔奖更为困难，居里夫人将作为一位伟大的女性永远为人们所怀念。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
波兰Poland
中学毕业to finish one's middle school
过着简朴的生活to live a simple life
科学研究the study of science
诺贝尔物理奖the Nobel Prize for physics
成功地干to succeed in
考入巴黎大学to enter Paris University
④请按下面所提供的条件用英语写一篇简单的人物传记。
a．保罗·罗伯逊(Paul Roberson)出生于一个贫苦的黑人家庭。
b．12岁做工，先在农场，后来在工厂。
c．他热爱音乐，虽然每天工作繁忙，但只要有空就练习唱歌。
d．有一副好嗓子。
e．后来成为人民喜爱的歌手。
(字数：100左右)
参考词语
出生于to be born
靠……为生to make a living by doing
充分利 to make full use of
闻名于to become well-known to
被认为to be regarded as
⑤雷锋生平事迹
怀特先生在我国某城市参观，问起有关雷锋的事情。假定你是接待人员，向怀特先生简要介绍雷锋的生平和事迹。现在请你将所介绍的内容写成一篇短文。
a．1940年出生，干过农活，又当过工人；
b．21岁参军，然后入党；
c．热爱祖国，热爱人民，乐于助人；
d．为人民做过许多好事，为我们大家树立了好榜样；
e．1862年因公殉职。
(字数：80左右)
参考词语
在田里in the fields
参军to join the army
入党to become a Party member
乐于……to be happy to do
关心to care for
做好事to do good deeds
树立好榜样to set a good example to
⑥请按下面提供的条件，写一篇奥·亨利生平的短文。
a．奥·亨利(O·Henry)是 Willian Sidney Porter的笔名(pen-name)；
b．1862～1910；
c．出身贫穷，没有上过学；
d．三年监狱生活中学会写作；
e．一生作品300多篇；
f．是美国著名短篇小说家。
(字数：80左右)
参考词语
出生于贫苦的家庭
to be born into a poor family
几乎没受过教育to have little schooling
释放to be set free
短篇小说家a short story writer
⑦马克·吐温是著名的美国作家。请你根据下面提示的内容用英文写一篇人物简介。
马克·吐温(1836～1910)生于美国密苏里州。他是美国19世纪最著名的作家之一。
马克·吐温的家乡位于密西西比河畔，成年后，曾在密西西比河的船上当水手。马克·吐温是他的笔名，由水文测深标上“两个刻度”而得。
马克·吐温写过许多小说，其中最著名的是《汤姆·索亚历险记》。他的作品被译成多国文字，深为全世界读者所喜爱。(字数：120左右)
参考词语
著名作者之一
one of the best known American writers
密苏里州Missouri
密西西比河the Mississippi River
船上当水手as a sailor on a river boat
测量水深to measure the depth of the water
二个刻度two marks
《汤姆·索亚》Tom Sawyer
杰作masterpriece
⑧．根据下面提示内容写一篇短文。
克里斯托弗·哥伦布于1492年10月21日发现了新大陆。为了筹划横跨太平洋的航行，他花了18年时间。他同海员、学者、王子和国王辩论过。他说，向西跨越大洋航行，肯定能达到欧洲人还没去过的大陆，但是几乎没有人相信他，并被人嘲笑。最后，西班牙的国王、王后对打通通向印度的海上路线感兴趣，给他提供了船只和海员，这样他实施了这一计划，发现了新大陆，认为这便是印度的一部分。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
哥伦布Christopher Columbus
新大陆the New World
花时间干to spend time in doing
与……争辩to argue with
被人嘲笑to be laughed at
对……感兴趣to be interested in
给……提供to offer somebody something
⑨请用英语写一篇有关美国总统林肯的简介，必须包括以下主要内容：
a．哪年出生，童年如何度过，上学情况；
b．何年当选总统，内战的爆发，林肯领导北方战胜南方，奴隶得到了自由；
c．何时何地遇刺；
d．他是个伟大的领袖，一个明智、友好和诚实的人，今天他被认为是美国最伟大的总统之一。
(字数：120左右)
参考词语
美国总统President of the United States
南北战争the American Civil War
业余时间in one's spare time
强烈反对to be strongly against
为黑奴的自由 for the freedom of all slaves
⑩请你用英语写一篇瓦特·迪斯尼的生平简介。提示如下：
a．出生年月：1901年；
b．年轻时想当画家；
c．画画从画老鼠开始；
d．后来成了成功的卡通制作人；
e．于1966年去世。
(字数：80左右)
参考词语
瓦特·迪斯尼Walt Disney
成功的卡通制作人a successful Cartoon-maker
看见……做……to see…doing
(11)教师节期间《中国日报》要报道一些优秀教师的事迹，请你用英语写一篇介绍你班班主任老师的短文。
a．张老师年近五十，1966年来校任教、工作，一贯努力，曾多次受到表扬。
b．他知识丰富，教学有方，上课生动有趣，学生爱听他的课。
c．他与学生关系融洽，但对学生要求严格。他经常鼓励大家为祖国勤奋学习。在他的帮助下大家进步很大。
d．他是学生的良师益友，受到大家的尊敬和爱戴。(字数：70左右)
参考词语
有……知识to have much knowledge in
相处好to get on well with
严格要求to be strict with/in
取得进步to make much progress
不但……而且……not only…but also
(12)鲁迅是我国伟大的革命家、思想家、文学家。
当鲁迅13岁时，他的父亲死于疾病。18岁那年他决定到日本学医。1905年他已是医学专科学校二年级学生了。但国家被欺凌，人民受压迫，怎样才能拯救祖国呢？经过一番深思，鲁迅决定用自己手中的笔来唤醒民众，改造中国。
1909年夏天，鲁迅从日本回国教书，在这期间他接触到一些革命者，并尽力支持他们。
1918年，他的小说《狂人日记》发表了。小说无情地揭露了封建社会，抨击了封建思想对青少年的毒害。在随后的岁月里，鲁迅极力帮助爱国青年从事革命活动，对敌人的威胁不屑一顾。鲁迅先生受到朋友们的尊敬、学生们的爱戴，但敌人却对他恨之入骨。
1936年10月18日，鲁迅在与病魔的搏斗中停止了呼吸。(字数：120左右)
参考词语
死于to die of
学医to study medicine
被统治to be ruled by
受压迫to be oppressed by
联系to get in touch with
揭露to expose
封建思想feudal thoughts
与……抗争to fight against
对……有害to do harm to
谴责to criticize
(13)爱因斯坦于1879年出生在德国乌尔蒙(Ulm)。小时候人们认为他迟钝，但在14岁时，他自学了高等数学。1901年他开始教书，后来用自己积攒起来的钱在苏黎世(Zurich)大学继续他的学业，1905年他获得博士学位，这时他开始了研究，这种研究导致了他那著名的“相对论”。到1914年爱因斯坦已经闻名于世界。但这时第一次世界大战爆发了，对他影响很大。1933年希特勒上台。由于爱因斯坦是犹太人，先是失去了工作，继而被剥夺了国籍，逃出德国。爱因斯坦去过法国、比利时，然后去英国，1940年他在美国定居，新泽西州的普林斯顿高等研究所聘请他为终身教授。
1955年爱因斯坦于76岁时安详地离开了人世。
(字数：120左右)
参考词语
干……迟钝to be slow to do…
在……时候by the time…
自学高等数学
to teach oneself advanced calculus
苏黎世大学the University of Zurich
产生……结果to result in
相对论Theory of Relativity
第一次世界大战the First World War
爆发to break out
公民权citizenship
终身教授职务a lifetime professorship
(14)高尔基出生于1868年3月，他幼年丧父，在祖父家度过童年，11岁高尔基开始独自谋生，他从事多种职业。
1889年和1891年春，高尔基两次步行漫游俄罗斯，对社会有了更深的了解。
1892年，高尔基发表了第一篇作品，开始了文学生涯。《海燕》是高尔基最著名的作品之一，发表于1901年3月。作者通过描写大自然向人们展示了俄国的严重的社会问题。
1936年，高尔基病逝。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
高尔基Golky
步行on foot
出版to be published
《海燕》Seagull
社会问题social problems
了解社会to know the society
展示to display
(15)查理·狄更斯，是19世纪杰出的文学家。他于1812年出生在一个贫困的家庭。10岁时，他父亲负债入狱，狄更斯只好找一份工作谋生。
狄更斯从小爱好文学。24岁，他发表了第一部作品《皮克威克外传》，并马上成为当时最受欢迎的小说家。狄更斯最著名的作品有《大卫·科波菲尔》、《雾都孤儿》和《双城记》。他的许多作品被翻译成了多种语言而被人们所喜爱。
查理·狄更斯死于1870年。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
狄更斯Charles Dickens
因负债入狱
to be taken to prison for debt
对文学感兴趣to be interested in l: teratare
《雾都孤儿》Oliver Twist
《双城记》A Tale of Two Cities
《大卫·科波菲儿》David Copperfield
(16)李时珍是我国古代著名的医学家，他生于16世纪初叶，从小对医学感兴趣，长大后，发现当时有关草药的著作中有许多错误，决定重新修改它，他花了27年时间，于1587年完成了他的巨著，被公认为中国古代最杰出的科学家之一。(字数：80左右)
参考词语
16世纪早期in the early 16th century
对……有兴趣to show great interest in
修改to revise
中国古代ancient China
(17)《中学生英语报》要征集一批人物介绍，请你写一篇有关曾为第11届亚运会点燃圣火的藏族姑娘达娃央宗的短文。
a．姓名：达娃央宗(藏语：达娃的意思是月亮，央宗的意思是幸福) Dawa Yazong；藏语：Tibetan)；
b．性别：女　 年龄：15　 原籍：西藏；
c．个人情况：从小喜欢跳舞，现为艺术学校学生；学习刻苦，成绩优良，爱好体育(篮球与足球)；希望成为一名舞蹈演员；
d．家庭情况：五口人。祖母、父亲、母亲、哥哥；
e．主要事迹：1990年为第11届亚运会点燃圣火。(字数：80左右)
参考词语
点燃圣火to light the fire
第11届亚运会the 11th Asian Games
西藏Tibet
擅长于to be good at
(18)《中国日报》要征集先进人物事迹介绍，请你用英语写一篇有关邓秀华的介绍。
邓秀华现任某公司总经理，以前做过各种工作，曾经当过工人、制图员、办公室职员等。后来受雇于一家公司。在该公司的各个部门干过。由于工作出色，最终位至公司最高职务——总经理。她常说：“妇女要相信自己才能不被歧视，只要努力，男人能干的事妇女也能干好。”(字数：80左右)
参考词语
各种各样all kinds of
制图员designer
各部门all the departments
被看不起to be looked down upon
只要as long as
(19)许海峰是一名成绩辉煌的射击运动员，请你用英语写一篇介绍他的短文。内容包括：
a．他所参加的奥运会；
b．他所取得的成绩；
C．他所获得的荣誉。
(字数：130左右)
参考词语
第一块金牌获得者
the first Olympic gold medalist
奥林匹克运动会
the Olympic Games
代表中国to represent China
小手枪pistol
表彰in recognition of
教练coach
国家级运动员a national athlete
国家体委the National Sports Commission
PAGE
1作文中常用句套：
作文中常用句套：
下文中出现的 A,B, “...”(某事物), "sb"( somebody),
要在写作中要根据上下文进行适当替换.
开头：
When it comes to ..., some think ...
There is a public debate today that ...
A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise one
Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus.
提出观点：
Now there is a growing awareness that...
It is time we explore the truth of ...
Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.
进一步提出观点：
... but that is only part of the history.
Another equally important aspect is ...
A is but one of the many effects. Another is ...
Besides, other reasons are...
提出假想例子的方式：
Suppose that...
Just imagine what would be like if...
It is reasonable to expect...
It is not surprising that...
举普通例子：
For example(instance),...
... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)
A good case in point is...
A particular example for this is...
引用：
One of the greatest early writers said ...
"Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ...
"......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...).
"......". How often we hear such words like there.
讲故事
（先说故事主体），this story is not rare.
..., such delimma we often meet in daily life.
..., the story still has a realistic significance.
提出原因：
There are many reasons for ...
Why .... , for one thing,...
The answer to this problem involves many factors.
Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ...
The first reason can be obiviously seen.
Most people would agree that...
Some people may neglect that in fact ...
Others suggest that...
Part of the explanation is ...
进行对比：
The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of...
Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ...
Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.
A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...
承上启下：
To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see...
A study of ... will make this point clear
让步：
Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...
I do not deny that A has its own merits.
结尾：
>From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw
the conclusion that ...
In summary, it is wiser ...
In short...
在作文中引用合适的名言警句，会给你的文章增色许多。这里收集了我本人喜爱的一些名言，可能会对你有用。我们使用引用的位置可以在开头结尾或正文段落中，
常见的使用形式如下：
One of the greatest early writers said ...
"Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ...
"......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...).
"......". How often we hear such words like there.
Useful quotations
逆境
by Robert Collier
In every adversity there lies the seed of an equivalent advantage. In every defeat there is a lesson showing you how to win the victory next time.
努力与成功
by Ann Landers
Opportunities are usually disguised as hard work, so most people don't recognize them.
坚持
by Ralph Waldo Emerson
No one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourselves.
Confucius 孔子
Our greatest glory is not in never falling...
but in rising every time we fall.
坚持
Mother Teresa
To keep a lamp burning we have to keep putting oil in it.
Henry Ford
Nothing is particularly hard if you divide it inuo small jobs.
Winston Churchill
Never, never, never, never give up.
Albert Einstein
In uhe middle of difficulty lies opportunity.
努力与成功
by Crassus
Those who aim at great deeds must suffer greatly.
Thomas Edison
There is no substitute for hard work.
Leo Tolstoi
The strongest of all warriors are these two- Time and Patience.
Thomas Jefferson
I'm a great believer in luck,
and I find the harder I work...
the more I have of it.
Robert Collier
Success is the sum of small efforts, repeated day in and day out.
Ray A. Croc
Luck is a dividend of sweat. The more you sweat, the luckier you get.
实际经验与间接经验
You'll learn more about a road by traveling it...
than by consulting all the maps in the world.
动机与结果
Vince Lombardi
Winning isn't everything...
but wanting to win is.
John F. Kennedy
We choose to go!to the moon and other things , oot because they are easy, but because they are hard.
Thucydides
The strong do what they will.
The weak do what they must.
为人态度：
John Wooden
Talent is God given--Be Humble.
Fame is man given-- Be Thankful.
Conceit is self given --Be Careful.
行动：
Theodore Roosevelt
Do what you can , with what you have , with where you are.
Publilius Syrus Maxim
No one knows what he can do till he tries.
Terence
There is nothing so easy but that it becomes difficult when you do it reluctantly.
Thomas Fuller
A wise man turns chance into good fortune.
William Hazlitt
Prosperity is a great teacher;
adversity is a greater.
William Penn
No pains, no palm;
no thorns, no throne;
no gall , no glory;
no cross, no crown.
Will Rogers
Even if you're on the right track, you'll get run over... if you just sit there.
Opportunity rarely knocks on your door.
Knock rather on opportunity's door if you ardently wish to enter.
成功与失败
Vince Lombardi
It's not whether you get knocked down.
...It's whether you get up again.
Winston Churchill
An optimist sees an opportunity in every calamity;
a pessimist sees a calamity in every opportunity.
热情（年轻/年老）
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.
信心
James Allen
The will to do springs from the knowledge that we can do.
Samuel Johnson
Few things are impossible to diligence and skill.
Aughey
Lost time is never found again.
Voltaire
No problem can stand the assault of sustained thinking.
Napoleon
Victory belongs to the most persevering.
细心
Euipides
Leave no stone unturned.
计划与工作
Norman Vincent Peale
Plan your work for today and every day;
then work your plan.
Henry Ford
Failure is only the opportunity to more intelligently begin again.
Thomas Edison
I start where the last man left off.
理想与现实
What the mind of man can conceive and believe,
the mind of a man can achieve.
勤奋
Benjamin Franklin
Plough deep while sluggards sleep.
目标
Henry David Thoreau
In the lone run men hit only what they aim at.
幸运
Emily Dickinson
Luck is not chance...
It's toil...
Fortune's expensive smile is earned.
勤奋
Thomas Edison
Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.
Useful Quotations
想象力
Albert Einstein
Imagination is more important than knowledge.
挑战：
Walter Begehot
The great pleasure in life is doing what people say you cannot do.
机会与准备
Abraham Lincoln
I will prepare and some day my chance will come.
信心与事实
Henry Ford
Whether you think you can or think you can't -- you are right.
English Proverb
Where there's a will there's a way.
There is no failure excepting no longer trying.
Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity作文点评Ⅰ
假设你是河东二中高一的学生，名叫王伟，你的老师陈林，已在London University学习英语一年，现住在伦敦街228号，你于2005年3月28日给他写了一封信，内容如下：
1． 时间过的真快。他已在伦敦大学学习一年了，你很想念他；
2． 他对学生既严格要求，又非常亲切；
3． 他教英语生动有趣，在他的帮助下，你的英语学习进步很大；
4． 你非常喜欢英语，尽管那学习努力，但在阅读上进步不大；
希望老师回信，并在学习方法上进行指导。
习作
No．２Middle School ⑴此部分为信头。一般分三
Linyi Shandong China ⑴ 行：第一行一般写门牌号，
Mar. 28 2005 街名，第二行写 城市，邮编（如寄往国外 ，应写国名）
Mr ChenLin
228 London Street ⑵
London Britain ⑵次部分是信内地址，根据提示部分要求，信中应由此部分内容。写法与信头同
⑶Teacher Li 是Chinglish英语中可以说Prof L,Mrs, Smith等.
Dear Teacher Cheng,
How fast time flew! How have you been recently ⑷此处应用一般现在时 ⑸代词it表时间 ⑹加上since then后,语义更完整
This is one year since you went to London University .I have been missing you very much.
I still remember that you are⑺ not only strict
with us, but also very kind with ⑻us. The way you
taught English is⑼ lively and interesting. Under⑽ you help ,I have already improved my English greatly.
As you know, I like English very much. But no
matter how hardly⑾ I worked, I havent made much
progress at⑿ reading. So I hope you to⒀ write me, giving me some advice on how to read better.
Thank you very much.⒁
Best wishes.
Yours truly,
Wang Wei
评语：写英文信是我们日常生活和工作经常遇到的应用文之一。信件正文的右上角写明发信人的地址和写信日期（信头）。然后在左侧顶格写称呼“Dear…,”书信正文结束语常用With best wishes…, Yours, Yours truth,”下一行签写信人姓名。如有必要，在称呼语上方还要写明收信人的地址（信内地址）。 本篇习作中有几处“Chinglish”,如Teacher Li, Under your help, hope sb to do sth等。也有时态，介词等基础知识方面的错误，希望习作者能加强用英语思维的训练。
Mr⑶
flies⑷
it⑸
⑺此处表“过去曾经”故用过去时
⑻be kind to 是固定词组
⑼时态错误
⑽ 此处用法是Chinglish
were⑺
to⑻
⑾hard即为副词，hardly意为“几乎不”
⑿此处用介词“in”表“在某方面”
⒀此处是“Chinglish ,
hope后不跟动词不定式作宾补。
⒁加上此短语，意为“先向您表示感谢”
was⑼
With⑽
hard⑾
in⑿
can⒀
In advance⒁
PAGE
1(三)通知
1．口头通知
写作指导
①口头通知一般是由一方向另一方口头传达的
通知，叙述表达尽可能口语化，简洁明了，说清意思就行。
②口头通知不用写通知时间和发通知的单位。
③口头通知一开头可有称呼语，具体因通知对象
而异。常用的称呼语有“Comrades and friends”、“Boys and girls”、“Teachers and fellow students”、“Ladies and gentlemen”，也有的不用开头语，直接开始。
④口头通知的一些常用的开头语和结束语。
开头语
结束语
Any questions
Does everyone understand
That's　 all. Thank　 you.
精选范文
①Please be quiet, everyone. There's something you need to know. As our teacher is ill,　 we're to have reading class together with the students of Class Three today. Please take your benches with you to their classroom. The oral class will be put off until tomorrow. That's all. Thank you.
②Attention please, comrades. There is going to be a talk on American Family in the Lecture Hall this afternoon. It'll be given by an American professor _____ Mr. Smith. Those who want to attend please be there at 2∶30 Any　 question If no, that's　 all. Thank　 you.
③Listen, please, I have something important to tell you. We're going to hold a get-together with some foreign students at 7∶00 p. m. on Friday in the Foreign Student's Dining Hall. Any one who wants to take part in it, please be there on time. Thank you.
④Ladies and gentlemen, Listen, please. This afternoon we're going to visit the Great Wall,　 the bus will stop at the foot of the Great Wall. Three hours later, we'll get together here and back to the hotel. When you go to visit the Great Wall, please take your valuable things with you.　 And remember to come back to the bus at five o'clock. Do be there on time.
Does everyone understand
Since everyone understands very well.
Thank you.
练习
①假如你是班长，利用课余时间告诉你的同班
同学，本星期六下午4∶00在本班教室召开班会，主题是：如何保持教室干净、整洁。请同学们准备好发言。(字数：60～80左右)
参考词语
将……四处扔to throw…about
对……危害to do harm to
吐痰to spit
保持……干净go keep…clean
准备好to get ready for
②假如你是学生会主席，通知各班团支部书记今天下午4∶30在会议室开会，讨论本学期打算开展哪些活动等事宜。(字数：60左右)
参考词语
讨论……活动 to discusse … activities
团支书the secretaries of League Branch
出席to be present
③假如你是班上的体育委员，你班下星期一准备和(6)班进行一场篮球赛。请非队员的同学到时到学校篮球场观看，为本班球队喝彩助威。(字数：60左右)
参考词语
参加比赛to take part in the match
应邀to be invited to
喝彩助威to cheer up
篮球场basketball court
④假如你是语文课代表，通知全班同学，因语 文老师生病，请假2天，这两天的语文课改上自习，完成练习册第52页上的练习，另外预习好第16课课文。(字数：60～80左右)
参考词语
请两天假to ask for two days leave
自学to study by ourselves
⑤假如你是生活委员，通知学生今天下午第七节课进行大扫除。分工情况：男同学整理桌凳，打扫墙壁，女同学擦门窗、桌凳等。同学们按照自己的分工情况带好工具。(字数：60～80左右)
参考词语
进行大扫除to have a general clean-up
分成to be divided into
扫把broom
抹布mop
⑥假如你是英语课代表，通知你班同学今天上午第三节课到学校语音室上英语口语课，请同学们带好口语课本，另外在语言实验室要遵守规则，不得损坏设备，否则是要被罚款的。(字数：60左右)
参考词语
语言实验室language lab
遵守规则to keep the rules of…
损坏设备to damage the equipment
罚款to fine
⑦假如你是班长，请通知学生听一个访美报告，时间是12月20日下午3点，地点为205会议室，主讲人是刚访美归国的李明华教授。内容：美国中学教育。每个同学各带一至二名外校学生参加，要求不要迟到，本年级同学会后留下来讨论。(字数：60～80左右)
参考词语
美国中学教育American high school education
允许to be allowed to do something
期望be expected to
进行讨论to have a discussion
⑧假如你是班长，通知你班同学本周星期六晚上7∶30在本班教室举行一次英语晚会，节目有唱歌、朗诵、讲故事、话剧等，要求本班同学都参加，欢迎外班同学光临，请同学们作好准备。(字数：80左右)
参考词语
朗诵recitation　
节目programme (或program)
欢迎to be welcomed
表演to perform
2．书面通知
写作指导
书面通知、布告(notice)，它是上级对下级、组织对成员部署工作、传达事情、召开会议所使用的一种文体，出通知的单位写在正文结束后的右下角，或者写在NOTICE的正上方，出通告的日期一般写在左下角，单位和日期两项也可以省略。
通知的正文就是通告的内容，这是主体部分，包括通告的对象、事由、时间、地点等。
通知的语言要简洁明了，条理清晰，要求精确，特别是时间概念很重要，必须写得十分明确，不容丝毫含糊。
精选范文
①
　Notice
　All the classes of our grade are ready to play basketball matches next week. We'll play three matches every other three days to see which ones will take the three positions in the name list. At the same time a basketball will be given to each of these classes as a reward. On behalf of(代表) our school the champion
will have a basketball match against a team of some other brother school. All the students are welcomed to watch the matches.
Senior Two
②
　Notice
　Tomorrow is our National Planting Day. To answer　 the　 call “plant　 trees　 everywhere　 and　 make　 our country　 green.” We　　 decided　　 to　　 plant　　 trees　　 on　　 March 12. All the students in our school should take part in the activity. The boy students of each class must bring hoes(锄头)and spades(铁锹)，and the girl students must bring buckets(桶) and watering pots. We are　 going to gather at the playground at half past seven. And then we'll go to the place by bike.　 Every one is requested to go without special reasons.
The Headmaster's Office
March 11, 2000
③
　The Headmaster's Office Notice
　All the teachers and teaching staff(教工)are requested to meet in the meeting hall on Friday(Aug.24)at 2∶30　 p.m. to　 study　 some　 papers　 on　 education. Aug 23, 2000.
练习
①
　通知
　兹定于1999年4月6日(星期一)下午第二节课在第二教学大楼307教室高三(2)班举行英语公开课，由王先生主讲，希望全体英语教师出席，热烈欢迎其他组的老师参加。
教务处
1999年4月4日
(字数：60左右)
参考词语
公开课an open class
第二教学大楼the second Teaching Building
参加to attend
②
　学校图书馆通知
　本学期快结束了，图书馆要搬到新楼，借此机会，在暑假期间清理书籍，请凡在图书馆借了书的师生在本月月底将书归还给图书馆，谢谢大家合作。(字数：50左右)
参考词语
同时at　 the　 same　 time
计划to plan to
清理分类to sort out
向……借to borrow…from…　
归还to return to
到……底 by the end of
③
　学校团委通知
　定于5月4日(星期五)组织青年教师及各班班长、团支书参观历史博物馆，凡愿意去的老师请于5月4日早上于7∶00到校门口集合，乘车前往。
1999．5．2
(字数：50左右)
参考词语
青年节the Youth Day
安排to be arranged for
历史博物馆the History Museum
集合to gather
校团委The School League Committee ④
　学校办公室通知
　为了迎接“教师节”，学校准备开会庆祝，校长将要在会上讲话，表彰三好学生和先进班级、优秀教师，各班还准备了精彩的节目。
时间：12月30日下午两点(星期六)
地点：学校大礼堂
希望全体师生准时到会。(字数：80左右)
参考词语
庆祝to celebrate
教师节Teachers Day
三好学生the three-good student
先进班级the advanced class
模范教师model teacher
受表彰to be commended
学校大礼堂the auditorium hall
⑤
　写防火通告
发现火警须知要点：
a．打电话报警
b．离现场，勿返取物
C．走楼梯，不坐电梯
d．住旅馆先找安全出口处
(字数：100左右)
参考词语
火警the fire alarm
被……困住to be trapped by
乘电梯to take the lift
随身携带to take…with
一……就as soon as
⑥某中学将有一位美国教授布莱克博士来访，该教授将给师生们作一次报告，介绍美国的教育情况。学校要求同学们在星期三下午2∶30准时到105大教室参加报告会，并带上笔记本，以便会后讨论。请你根据上面要点，用英语写一通知。(字数：80左右)
参考词语
美国教授American professor
有关教育的报告a report on the education
作笔记to take notes
讨论to have a discussion
⑦学校体育教研组的通知。包括以下内容：
a．因连日下雨，本周星期六的运动会不得不延期举行，星期六上午照常上课，下午不上课。如果天气情况良好，运动会将于下周星期六上午举行。
b．校篮球队队员请于本周星期六下午3点半到室内篮球场集训，上海来的篮球明星将给予辅导。
通知时间：1999年10月18日(字数：80左右)
参考词语
体育教研组teaching group of physical education
辅导coach
运动会the sports meeting
推迟to put off
被要求to be required
像往常一样 as usual
允许to permit
⑧兹定于星期五下午2∶00在我校会议室召开高三年级全体教师讨论会，请该年级的全体教师准时出席。
校长办公室
1999年6月10日
(字数：50左右)
参考词语
被要求to be requested to
高三年级the Senior Grade Three
⑨
　迁址公告
　
中国日报上海办事处和上海英文星报从1999年8月8日始，将迁往新址：
上海市万航渡路395号邮编：200042
各部门如下电话号码不变：
办公室：(021)64319734
总编室：(021)64739471
采编部：(021)64745567
广告部：(021)64336515
发行部：(021)64743964
传真：(021)64319529
参考词语
迁移removal
办事处bureau
采编部news desk
发行部circulation
3．广播通知
写作指导
广播通知(Broadcast　 Announcement)并不是一种正式文体，但应用甚广，在我们同外宾、外商交往中，经常会通过广播通知各项事宜，所以，这里把它专列一项，仅供参考。
精选范文
①飞机误点通知(Late Arrival of a plane)
　
Announcement
　
Listen, please, Flight London International Airline 137 from London will be an hour later because of the bad weather.
②飞机发动机发生故障的通知(Engine Trouble of a plane)
　
Announcement
　
Attention, please. Flight AF (Air Frame) 208 from Paris is overdue(误点) because of engine trouble. It's stopping in Hong Kong for checking up. Further news will be announced.
③飞机起飞后的通知
Attention, please. Welcome on board, ladies and gentlemen. You're now on board Flight 702 bound for Paris. The flight will take three hours. The time of arrival is 7∶00 p.m. Will you please fasten your seat belts for take-off And Nosmoking during the take-off. Thank you…Now you can unfasten your seat belts. We're now flying at a speed of 845 kilometres an hour and an altitude of 7800 metres. If you would like to read, there are newspapers and magazines in the plane. Thanks.
④飞机着陆通知
　
Announcement
　
Your attention, please. The plane flying in (or) about to (and) is Flight FOAC (France Overseas Airways Corporation) 376 from Paris, due at 15∶27 hours.
练习
①旅客们请注意，由北京方向来的68次列车，由于路上碰到事故，将要晚点1小时到达。(字数：30左右)
参考词语
事故accident
②旅客同志请注意，第53次快车即将离站，开往长沙方向，请大家赶快上车，这是最后一次广播。(字数：30左右)
参考词语
快车express
开往depart for
最后一次广播final call
③旅客同志们请注意，从伦敦方向来的英国国际航空公司的第207次班机，将于14点20分准点着陆。(字数：30左右)
参考词语
准点due at
着陆land
英国国际航空公司
British Overseas Airways Corporation
航班flight
④根据以下内容写一份广播通知稿，以便你在你校“校园广播”中宣读：
注意：
a．短文的语句要连贯，条理要清楚，内容要全面；
b．词数80左右；
C．不要逐条翻译；
d．开头已经给出，请接下去写。
Boys and girls,
May I have your attention, please … 题目/飓风及其危害
参考词语
飓风及危害the hurricane and its damage
从……学到……to learn…from…
叫《龙卷风》的电影a film called“Twister”
出席讲座to attend　 the lecture
随身带to bring…with…
(三) 通知
1. 口头通知
①
Fellow students, Attention, please! I have something to tell you. Recently some students throw their waste paper about. And some students spit freely. Our classroom is too dirty. This does harm to our health. So at four o'clock on Saturday we're going to have a class meeting. The topic is "How to keep our classroom clean and tidy" . Those students want to speak, please get ready for your speech.
That's all. Thank you!
②
Please be quiet, every one. There is something you should know. The following is an anouncement of the Student Union. We're going to have an important meeting to discuss what activities we' re going to havethis term at 4:30 this afternon in the meeting room. The secretaries of League Branch of all classes are requested to be present on time.
③
May I have your attention, please There is something you need to know. To make our life lively, therewill be a basketball match between our class and classsix at 3:00 next Monday. Those who won' t take part in the match are invited to watch the match to cheer up our team at our school basketball court.
That' s all. Thank you.
④
Listen, please! I have something to tell you. Our Chinese teacher Mr Smith is ill. He has asked for two days' leave. We have to study by ourselves, finishing all the exercises on Page 52 on the workbook and preparing lesson sixteen. You are to finish the exercises before Mr Smith comes back.
That's all. Thank you.
⑤
Attention, please. I have something to tell you. This afternoon, in the third lesson, we are going to have a general clean-up in our classroom. We are divided into two groups----boys and girls. Boys are to tidy allthe desks and benches, the walls and the ceilings. Girls are to clean the desks and benches, windows and doors. And to save time, some of the boys should bring brooms, and some of the girls should bring some mops. Do remember it.
That's all. Thank you.
⑥
Follow students, Attention, everyone. I have something important to tell you. The third class of this morning, we' re going to have an English oral lesson in the language lab. Please take your oral books with you. And you' re asked to keep the rules of the lab. Never damage the equipment. Otherwise you' ll be fined. That's all. Thank you.
⑦
Listen, please. There will be a talk on American high school education from 3:00 to 4:30 in the afternoon of December 20th in the Meeting Room 205. The talk will be given by Professor Li Minghua. He has just come back from the U. S.
Every student is allowed to bring one or two students from other schools for the talk. Please don' t be late.
After the talk, all the students in our grade are expected to stay and have a discussion.
That's all. Thank you.
⑧
Fellow students, attention, please. I have somegood news to tell you. We're going to have an English evening, in our classroom at 7:30 on Saturday evening. The programme includes songs, recitations, storytelling and short plays. Everyone in our class must take part in it and students from other classes are also welcome. Everyone who takes part in the party should perform once.
That's all. Thank you.
2.书面通知
①
　
TEACHING AFFAIRS OFFICE
　
Notice
　
An open English class will be given by Mr Wang to Class 2 Senior Ⅲ on April 6th, 1999, in the second class in the afternoon, in Room 307 of the Second Teaching Building. All English teachers are expected to attend the class. Teachers of other groups are welcome.
April 4th, 1999
②
　
Notice
　
The term is ending, the summer vacation is coming. Our school library is moving to a new building and at the same time, we are planning to sort out the books. All the teachers and students who borrowed books from the library should return them to the library by the end of this month.
Thank you.
The school library
June 25, 1999
③
　
Notice
　
To spend the Youth Day meaningfully, a visit is arranged for May 4th, Friday, to the History Museum.
Those young teachers, monitors and League Branch Secretaries of all classes who wish to go will gather at the school gate. The bus will leave at 7:00 a. m. sharp.
The School League Committee
May 2nd, 1999
④
　
Notice
　
In order to celebrate Teachers' Day, a meeting isto be held at the meeting hall on Saturday, Dec. 30 at2:00 p. m. Our head-master will speak at the meeting. The three-good students and advanced classes and model teachers will be commended too. Wonderful performances will be also given for celebration.
The School Office
Dec. 28, 1999
⑤
　
Fire Notice
　
If you discover a fire:
Break the glass to sound the fire alarm. Telephone the operatr; say where the fire is. Leave the hotel by the nearest exit.
If you hear the fire alarm:
Don' t go to your room to collect your things or you may be trapped by the fire.
Don't take the lift, as the lift may become trapped between floors. Use the stairs.
Leave the building at once.
Consider every fire alarm to be a real fire.
Take your room key with you. If you are trappedby fire in the building, you may have to return to your room .
Find out where the nearest fire exit is as soon as you arrive at your hotel.
⑥
　
Notice
　
An American professor, Dr Black will visit our shcool this Wednesday afternoon. He will give us a report on the education in America. Everyone is supposed to be in Room 105, the big classroom exactly at 2:30 p.m. Wednesday. Please bring your notebooks with you and take notes while listening to the lecture, so that we can have a discussion about it after it is over.
The Headmaster's Office
⑦
　
Teaching Group of Physical Education
　
Notice
　
A. As it has been raining all these days, the sports meeting of this Saturday has to be put off . All students are required to come to school on Saturday morning as usual, but there will be Noclass that afternoon. If weather permits, the sports meeting will be held next Saturday morning.
B. Players of the school basketball team are to be trained at the basketball hall at 3:30 p. m. this Saturday. Some famous basketball stars from Shanghai will coach you in your training. Please be there on time.
Oct. 18th, 1999
⑧
　
Notice
　
All the teachers of the Senior Grade Three are requested to meet in the meeting room of our school to have a meeting to discuss the problems of the Senior Grade Three on Friday, at 2:00 p. m.
Jun. 10, 1999　　 The Headmasters'　 Office
⑨
　
REMOVAL NOTICE
　
Please note as of Sunday August 8, 1999, China Daily Shanghai and Shanghai Star will move to the following address:
No. 395 Wanhangdu Road, Shanghai
(Post code : 200042 )
Telephone numbers:
Administration : (021) 64319734
Editor's Office: (021) 64739471
News Desk: (021) 64745567
Advertising: (021) 64336515
Circulation: (021) 64743964
Fax: (021) 64319529
3. 广播通知
①
Attention, please. The Train 68 from Beijing willbe arriving an hour later. Because it has met with an accident.
②
　
Announcement
　
Passengers, your attention, please. No. 53 Express is departing for Changsha. All the passengers get on the train, please. This is final call.
③
　
Announcement
　
Your attention, please. The plane flying in is Flight BOAC ( British Overseas Airways Corporation )207 f rom London, due at 14:20.
④
Boys and girls.
May I have your attention, please A lecture on “The Hurricane and its Damage” will be given from 8:10 to 10:00 in the morning of Nov. 20. It will be given in Room 402 of our school library by Li Hua who is a geography teacher. I' m sure you will learn a lot from it. After the lecture, there will be an American film called “Twister” .
Please attend the lecture on time and bring a notebook with you.
That's all. Thank you.
PAGE
1写作中如何避免句式单调的问题
写作中如何避免句式单调的问题
请看NMET 2003一位同学写作中的一个片段：
I've found a place for you.
It is a flat on the third floor.
It is 25 square metres.
There is a bedroom and a bathroom in it.
There is a sofa and a kitchen in the bedroom.
There is a chair and a desk in the bedroom, too...
很明显，该片段所用句子过于单调，全是简单句，而且3次重复使用there be句型，像这样写出的文章在高考中即使没有语法错误也不会得到高分，最多只能得中档（15分左右），因为"评分标准"对语言能力的要求提高了--不仅要求语言无误而且还在"连贯性"、"多样性"和"复杂性"方面提出了具体要求。
为避免上述句式单调、松散的问题，我们可采取以下方法把简单句进行"优化"。
一、 扩展法
所谓扩展法就是在原有单句的基础上（结合主题）适当增加描写成分或附加细节，使之表达具体、生动和充实。如：
1. 我的特长是英语和电脑。
a. I like English and computer best.
b. I like English and computer best and I am good at them.
a句表达简单，但b句则增加了"I am good at them"，更加突出了"我"的特长与求职方面的优势。
2. 过去听收音机，而现在看电视。
a. We listened to the radio, but now we watch TV.
b. We listened to the radio for news and other information, but now we get news by watching TV.
a句直来直去，表达一般，而b句增加了细节，使表达充实，说明通过看电视获取信息，by watching TV的运用，提高了语言档次。
有时，在扩展句子时可能对句子的结构适当进行变通。如：
3. 过去周末在家做作业。
a. I did homework at home at weekends.
b. I used to work even at weekends doing homework at home.
a句是一般同学的表达，而 b句则先用work一词，然后使用doing homework... 这一分词结构，既使表达复杂，又突出了减负前的作业量大，表现了作者的厌恶心情。
4. 我现在可以发展我的业余爱好了。
a. I can follow my interests.
b. I can follow my interests such as reading books, visiting museums, and taking computer lessons.
a句只是泛泛地说"发展爱好"，而b句则根据实际把业余爱好明确写出来，让人读后觉得很实在，很具体，言之有物。
二、 合并法
合并法是指将意义相关或结构相似的句子按一定的方式合并连接在一起，以增强句子的连贯性和表现力。如：
1. a. He stopped us half an hour ago. He made us catch the next offender.
b. He stopped us half an hour ago, and made us catch the next offender.
将句子合并后，使用了并列谓语，句子个数减少了，但动作的连贯性却加强了。
2. a. He is a good teacher. We all love and respect him.
b. He is such a good teacher that we all love and respect him. / The teacher is so good that we all love and respect him.
a句使用单句表达松散，而b句则使用了such...that... / so...that...这一常见句型，表达有力。
3. a. Enter the park by the main gate. Walk e to a stream. Cross the stream. Turn right.
b. After you enter the park by the main gate, walk straight until you come to a stream， then cross the stream and turn right.
写作中应避免使用相同的句式或结构。而a句则多次重复使用祈使句，表达单调、呆板，更谈不上连贯性了。b句合并后，动作的连贯性加强了，且符合"交际"场景，减弱了"祈使"语气，让人易于接受。
三、 改写法
"改写法"就是使用比较新颖复杂或强调的表达方式来改写变换简单句，使表达手段丰富，游刃有余。如把陈述句变为强调句、把复合句简化为分词结构或独立主格结构、用同义词语来替换等。如：
1. 我七岁上学，84年至90年在光明小学上小学；90至96年在大连第六中学上学。
a. I started school at the age of 7; I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990. I studied in Dalian No. 6 Middle School from 1990 to 1996.
b. I started school when I was 7. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990. After that, I went to study in Dalian No.6 Middle School and graduated in 1996.
a句中都为简单句， 且句式相同， 用了两次I studied...，时间状语相同，用了两次from... to...这些在写作中应该注意避免；而b句则是简单句、并列句和复合句并用，同时还使用了after that，这个短语更增加了文章的"凝聚力"，提高了文章的表现力。
2. 过去我们家住房拥挤，而现在我们住在新的宽敞的房子里。
a. We lived in the crowded house, but now we live in the new big house.
b. We lived in the house crowded with furniture, but now we have moved into a new three-room apartment.
a句使用了并列句，但是重复使用live, house等词，句式结构也相仿；b句用have moved into代替了live,用apartment取代了house，使表达多样，而且句式结构也作了相应的调整，如把the crowded house转换为the house crowded with furniture，使用了分词结构作定语，表达手段新颖，体现了作者扎实的基本功。
下面我们把开头提到的那个片段改写一下：
I've found a flat for you. It's a flat of 25 square metres with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom, there is a sofa, a bed, a chair and a desk.
如果这样来表达一定会为我们的文章增色不少，当然也会为你提高分数的。
在写作中，上述手段可能会同时使用。为熟悉上述手段，请同学们改写或扩展下列比较单调的句子：
1. 我哥哥骑自行车。我坐在后面。
My brother was riding. I sat on the seat behind.
2. 在学校里，我学习很多门课程。我主要学习语文、数学、英语、物理和计算机。
At school I studied many subjects. I stu-
died Chinese, maths, English, physics and computer.
参考表达：
1. a. My brother was riding, and I sat on the seat behind.
b. My brother was riding with me sitting on the seat behind.
2. a. At school I studied many subjects such as Chinese, maths, English, physics and computer.
b. The main subjects I studied at school included Chinese, maths, English, physics and computer.英语书面表达八注意
书面表达"是历年高考英语的重头戏之一，它旨在考查学生的英语表达能力，即运用学过的英语知识和掌握的技能，以书面语言形式进行思想交流的能力。满分为25分，写作较好的学生能得２０分左右，而写作较差的学生只能得５分左右。这在很大程度上也影响了学生的高考总成绩。所以，如何写好英语书面表达已经引起了广大师生的注意。如何写好书面表达除了要求基本功要扎实、平时多背多练以外，还要注意以下八点：
一、注意审清题目要求
有的学生写作文没耐心，审题时只扫一眼题目，不细审就急于下笔，结果离题甚远。其实书面表达一般属控制性写作，都提供文章的文体、人物的身份、事情发生的时间、地点、文章的主旨，这些都为写作提供了依据。所以动笔之前，一定要花上几分钟，仔细审题，力求做到全面、准确地把握题目所提供的内容、时间、人物、环境、地点、体裁等信息。
二、注意用合理的体裁、题材
写作前，首先要弄清文章的体裁，才能考虑用何种语言、语气。而且，恰当的体裁也无疑会给批阅者留下好的印象。所以动笔之前，一定要审清文章的体裁和题材。一般说来，书面表达题材与现实生活息息相关。如交友信、询问信、介绍人物、事情、场所、保护环境、爱护动物等，这些学生都比较熟悉。书面表达常碰到的体裁有记叙文、说明文、应用文、记叙文、说明文多用书面语，而应用文多用口头语。各种体裁又都有自己的格式。如：写信时，要求写信人的地址、时间写在信的右上角；英文便条无须写地址，但要写明时间；口头通知无须注明通知的时间和地点，但开头要加称呼语和提示语，结束要加"Thank you."。书面通知要有明确的通知时间、通知人或单位。所有这些都要求学生平时牢记在心。
三、注意正确使用人称
根据评分标准，如果书面表达人称写错，全文要另外扣除７分，而每年期末考试各年级试卷统批中，总有一批学生在这方面失分，委实令人惋惜。因此，写作之前，确立人称是审题必不可少的步骤之一。
四、注意掌握中心要点
要点是否写到、写全，是否遗漏内容是书面表达评分标准的一个重要标尺。所以审清了文章的主题、人称以后，接着要考虑文章的内容要点了。如果题目给出了汉语提示和要求，则可仔细从中找出要点；如果是图画、图表则要仔细观察，故事性的则按图画顺序去设计故事发展情节；介绍事、物的作文应注意图画中的箭头、事物、场景及前后对比变化，同时注意图画以外的提示。然后将内容要点一一列出，再用合理的词语、句型连词成句。
五、注意正确合理地使用词语与句型
句子结构的好坏直接影响意义的表达和文章的得分。所以，写作时，学生应尽量确保使用正确的词语与句型。这就要求学生平时要多背多练，有扎实的基础。同时要让学生懂得，如果自己基础较差，则在写作时尽量多用自己熟悉的句型。尽量回避自己不熟悉的单词、句型，用自己有把握的短语、句型，少追求文章的华丽。因为评判一篇文章的好坏，错误的多少是一个重要依据。同时，为使文章主题突出，行文流畅，写作结束后应仔细查看上下文逻辑关系与过渡词使用得是否恰当，尽可能地运用自己已掌握的一些高级词汇、短语或从句，这对提高文章档次是至关重要的。这就要求学生平时注意掌握一些表示并列、递进、转折、因果等的过渡词，如：and, but, however, yet, so, therefore, then, later, meanwhile, what's more等。
六、注意使用正确的时态、语态
根据评分标准，书面表达时态用错全文要扣５分，所以正确使用动词的时态、语态是书面表达的重点。一般说来，记叙文讲的是发生了的事情，应以过去时为主。通知是将要发生的事，以事实为主。说明文、议论文阐明的是事实、论点、论据，以现在时为主。当然，也有综合时态的，如１９９９年高考题写学校新旧变化，就兼用过去时和现在时。
七、注意正确使用标点符号
英语和汉语的标点符号在形式与使用上有所不同，而英语课本中又没有专门涉及其用法的知识，所以，很多同学在英文写作中极易在标点符号的使用上犯错误。常见的标点错误有以下两方面：（１）不会用标点。如一个复合句主从句间不该断句的地方断了句，两个简单句之间该断句却无标点；（２）错用标点。第一种，错用顿号和省略号。第二种，错用冒号。汉语中直接引语前"某某说"之后一律用冒号，但英语中习惯用逗号。第三种，错用书名号。英语中没有书名号"《》"，表示书的名称一般用引号。这样即使文章本身没有或只有少量错误，内容也丰富，但仍然要被归入"低档"篇。因为它让人读起来非常吃力。并且，近两年的高考评分标准中"标点误用"类错误被视为"影响表达"的错误。因此，要提升作文的档次，必须规范标点的使用。
八、注意大小写
英语作文如果整篇文章全是小写或放在前面的主句或从句没大写首字母，后面的一句却大写了，这些势必影响文章意义的正确表达，降低了文章的档次，给批阅者也会留下不好的印象。所以，写完文章后一定要仔细审查一遍全文，看看大小写是否使用正确。平时在学习课文或练习中，也应注意大小写的正确使用。
总之，只要我们平时注意掌握丰富的词汇、句型，写作时多注意运用各种方法技巧，坚持不懈地努力，就一定能提高自己的英语写作能力的。为此，奉上打油诗一首，希望对同学们写作有所帮助。
书面表达题，审题要仔细。
先看后下笔，莫离题万里。
主题要紧扣，体裁要合理。
人称要准确，要点别遗漏。
多用简单句，适当复杂化。
时态把握好，注意大小写。
标点不乱用，词语不乱套。
做完审一遍，别当任务交。表格作文类
　写作指导
表格作文是利用表格形式，提供作文素材，其提供的文字素材一般较为简洁，但写作文时要用上，表格作文的体裁不定，可以是书信、日记、描述文、便条等。
精选范文
假设你即将赴美国学习，今天上午刚刚买到飞机票，请根据机票上标明的起飞时间，在美国中途停顿的时间和地点。在机场等待的时间以及最终到达终点时间和地点。写信告诉你的美国朋友Smith夫妇，写信的日期是8月10日。
参考词语
飞往fly to
起飞to take off
花时间……to take…to
途径by way of…
Aug. 10, 1999
Dear Mr and Mrs Smith,
I got my plane ticket this morning. I will fly to New York by way of San Francisco on September 1st. The plane will take off at 10:30 AM from Beijing Airport. I will arrive at San Francisco Airport at 12:20 AM. The plane will take off at 2:45 PM. It takes 5 hours from San Francisco to New York and I will arrive in New York at 7:45 in the evening.
There's only three weeks now before my trip to America. I'm very excited! I can hardly wait to see you.
Yours,
Li Hue
练习
①以下是台湾省的概况：(字数：120左右)面积/36000平方千米
参考词语
平方千米square kilometer
自然资源natural recourses
有……面积with an area of
铜copper
甘蔗sugarcane
位于to lie to/in
组成to be made up of
山区mountainous regions
宝岛“the Island with Treasures
②根据下列表格写出一篇有关华盛顿特区的概况。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
位于to be located in／lies in
有……人口to have a population of…
例如such as…
③请根据下页表格，以Antarctica为题写一篇短文。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
最冷的大陆the coldest continent 被覆盖 to be covered with
科学工作者visiting scientist 最南端 extreme south
企鹅penguin
矿产mineral resource
④根据下表内容写一篇介绍长岛的短文。
参考词语
长岛Long Island
充满to be full of
奇景strange scenery
迷人fascinating
游客tourist
悠久的历史、灿烂的文化
long histroy and splendid culture
候鸟migratory birds
迁移to migrate
气候climate
⑤假如你是王海，你曾和你的笔友在北戴河相会，现在回美国，你打算给他写一封信，下列表格记述了你6月26日郊游的日程。请你根据此表在信中写出这次郊游的情况。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
自从……已有it's…since…
郊游to have an outing
出发to set out
玩得痛快to have a good time
盼望to look forward to
⑥请根据下表完成一篇火灾报告。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
(火灾)发生to break out
华东East China
开会to have a meeting
电源起火to be started by the electric fire
控制火势to control the fire
持续to last
丧生to lose one's life
烧伤to get burnt
⑦英国某中学的学生给你们班同学来信，希望了解你校学生的课外活动，请你根据下表中内容写一篇短文，介绍你校学生的课外活动情况。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
课外活动out-of-class activities
阅读to do some reading
兴趣小组interest groups
演讲比赛speech contest
减少作业to be given less homework
组织旅游to organize some tour trips
⑧你是李坪，申请到一家外资企业工作。对方要求你用英语写一篇短文，介绍自己的基本情况。短文应包括下表所列的全部内容。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
出生于to be born
开始上学start school
光明小学Guangming Primary School
获第一名to win first prize in
课余时间in one's spare time
流行音乐popular music
最喜欢的运动favourite sports
⑨请按下表所提供的简历给休斯公司写一封求职信。公司地址：上海P．O．616，时间：1999年6月15日。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
毕业生graduate
化学系the department of chemistry
好机会a wonderful chance
未婚unmarried
健康良好in excellent health
专注to be devoted to
相处得好to get along well with…
⑩根据下表写一篇介绍你的语文老师的短文。
(字数：100左右)
参考词语
启蒙老师first teacher
毕业于graduate from
俄语Russian
有经验的好老师 a good and experienced teacher
住105号 × × live at 105 × ×
(11)根据下表写出一篇有关迪斯尼乐园的短文。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
悠久的历史a long history
(12)请参考下列表格写出一篇报纸的生产出版程序。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
召开会议to hold a meeting
采访to interview people
进行面对面的采访
to have a face-to-face interview
上交to hand in
冲印照片to develope the photos
发送to be delivered
编辑editor
摄影记者photographer
(13)请根据下列表格写出加拿大的概况。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
位于to lie in／to
自然资源natural resources
北美North America
(14)一组美国中学生到你校参观访问，其间有一些活动，假设你充当此次活动的翻译，请你根据下列表格将活动安排翻译给他们听。(字数：80左右)
参考词语
接见to receive
参观to show…around
校园campus
联欢to get-together
表演to put on performances
名胜古迹a place of interest
(15)请你根据下列表格介绍香港的基本情况。(字数：80左右)
参考词语
东方之珠the East Pearl
平均气温average temperature
保持……繁荣to keep the flourish of…
贸易trade market
雨季the rainy season
(16)请用表格中的内容写一个书面通知，说明全年级师生郊游活动安排。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
青山湖Qingshan Lake
交通方式transportation
安排programme
(17)假设你是某公司秘书，请根据电话记录所提供的内容，给总经理写一篇书面报告，可略加细节。要求内容详实，语句通顺。(字数：80左右)
参考词语
中年mid-aged
名叫with the name
上海外语学校Shanghai Foreign Language School
根据……抱怨according to one's complaint
不如那么好 not so good as…
(18)请你根据下列表格的内容，阐述一下你对减少城市人口的看法，标题自拟。(字数：120左右)
参考词语
晚婚Late Marriage
一对夫妇一个孩子One couple, one child
减少出生率to reduce the birth rate
严格控制to have a tight control of
务工经商to engage in trade
执行to carry out
受鼓舞to be encouraged to
(19)请你用下列表格中的内容，写一篇介绍你校基本情况的短文。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
生物biology
地理geography
(20)请根据下列表格描述一下名叫吉姆的男孩。(字数；80左右)
参考词语
褐色的brown
戴眼镜to wear a pair of thick glasses
近视near-sighted
(21)假如你到动物园看动物，大象给你的印象最深，请你根据表格中的内容，描述一下你所见到的大象。(字数：70左右)
参考词语
大象elephant
丛林中jungle
带汁的小树叶young juicy branches of trees
(22)悉尼是澳大利亚重要的商业、贸易和旅游中心。请你根据下列表格的提示写一篇有关悉尼的短文。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
悉尼Sydney
娱乐地places of entertainment
夜总会night club
歌剧院Opera House
冲浪surfing
东南海岸south-east coast
港口harbour
(23)随着学外语的热潮在全国各地兴起，涌现了很多“英语角”，请你根据表中内容介绍长宁区少年宫“儿童英语角”的活动情况。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
英语角the English corner
少年宫the Children's Palace
长宁区Changning District
担任to act as
词汇vocabulary
过得愉快to have a good time
(24)吉姆·格林在北京大学任教长达十几年，工作出色，为此《中国日报》准备刊登他的照片。请你根据下面的表格，写一图片说明，简要介绍他的情况。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
因……获得奖章to be given a medal for…
大学毕业to graduate from…
教育事业the educational cause
投入地干to put one's heart and soul into…
……的方法ways to…
受到尊敬和爱戴to win the respect and love
(25)以表格形式写出在语言实验室上听说课的规则。(字数：80左右)
参考词语
未经允许without permission
录制听力材料to record the listening materials
有序地one by one
PAGE
1( 九 ) 广告
　写作指导
随着商品经济的迅猛发展，广告业也越来越发达，广告是各企业用来宣传其产品，各服务行业用来宣传其服务和手段之一，为了宣传有效，其形式多样，文字生动、有趣，且图文并茂。在此，我们主要列举一些文字广告。
精选范文
①
　SANQUAN APARTMENT(公寓)
　Offers you a comfortable and safe home at reasonable rates ready for lease(租借).
·Next to the Landmark Building and opposite to the Lufthansa Centre with river view. Indoor swimming pool, tennis court, gym, bar, restaurant, etc.
·Central air-conditioning(中央空调)24 hour hot water supply＋widest choices of TV channels(电视频道).
·Unit sizes range from 33 sq.m to 120 sq.m with various furniture choices.
②
　
Marvelous Acrobatics(唐人百戏)
　
“Chinese Soul, a grand　 variety show　 performed by the famous China Acrobatic Circus and specially packaged for foreign visitors in China,　 features Marvelous programs which won gold medals at well-known domestic and international acrobatic contests. Integrating superlative acrobatics will be the finest ancient Chinese dancing,　 Kungfu, opera,　 national music and so on.
Location: (地址)Tiandi Theatre. 10 Dongzhimen Nandajie.
Time:19∶15 Aug. 28～Sep. 1
Tel:65023984　 64169893
③
　LIDO PLACE FUN WEEKEND
　
50％ off on rooms, all restaurants and bars, Lido lasmic Bowling center and Health Club at Holiday Inn Lido, Beijing.
CHILDREN DISCO PARTY with Clowns(小丑)
Puppet(木偶) and Magic Shows(魔术表演) from 3∶30 p.m to 6∶00 p. m. on Sep. 4th at the Freezer disco Bar KTV.
Children entrance ticket at RMB 25 including one soft drink.
Parents are entitled to FREE entrance!
For more information, please call:
Tel: No. 64376688
Address: Jichang Road,　 Beijing 100004
练习
①
　汇园公寓(在亚运村)
　
准备出租，打特折，有3居室、4居室和复式结构。每日3.5元／平方米。
电话：(010)64992660，64910545
地址：亚运村汇园公寓M幢2020号
参考词语
公寓apartment
特折special discount
3居室3-bedroom suites
复式结构duplicate suite
②为纪念中华人民共和国成立50周年，将举办以《祖国万岁》为题的中华收藏工艺品展览。大约600件工艺品将在北京展出，欢迎艺术专家及收藏家惠顾！
本次活动由北京工艺品进出口公司、江苏工艺品分公司主办
日期：1999年8月31日到9月10日
时间：8：30a.m. to 5∶15 p.m.
地点：中国世界贸易中心第三展厅
电话；(010)65686649，65052266转5604
参考词语
……万岁 long live
周年anniversary
中华人民共和国成立
the founding of the People's Republic of China
工艺品arts＆crafts
进出口公司Import＆ Export Co. Ltd
③
　
香港驻北京的国际诊所
　
自从香港驻北京的国际诊所开业6年来，形成了完整的网络服务，服务范围从一般的治疗到特殊治疗，从健康保健到医疗服务。
诊所有66位能有效地解决难题的人才，诊所还能在美国、日本提供服务。
凡是有健康问题的人可通过以下方式联系：
电话：(010)68012288—2345或2346
传真：(010)68023426
邮编：100027
地址：3／F，北京朝阳门北大街2号香港澳门中心
电子邮件：hkbjimc＠
参考词语
国际诊所 international medical clinic
形成服务网络to establish complete service network
专业人才specialist
④
　
本世纪最后的最佳时机
　
要接待数百万来自世界各地游客的’99昆明世博会，不只是植物、花卉的展览，这次世纪之末的博览会是一次你不可错过的商业良机。
提供’99世博会的综合报道，将于5月1日到10月31日用中、英文同时出版，这对外国商人和游客是一本必读的周刊。这多彩的周刊给你提供一个大舞台，在这个大舞台上，你将会引起世界范围的关注。
《博览周刊》小型报16到24页，将从4月18日到11月1日发行30期，由中国日报社每星期一在北京、昆明、上海、广州出版发行。
广告特刊联系地址：昆明市人民西路楚雄大厦5层
联系人：卢岚、张旗
电话：(0871)8321620
传真：(0871)8321620
电子信箱：yunnan＠China daily.
PAGE
1(六)名片
　
写作指导
名片是为了便于社交和处理公务之用，本人的名字写在名片中间或略高于中间的地方。名字一般采用全称，前面可以不加任何称呼，也可加上学衔、先生、夫人、小姐、女士等。
精选范文
①
②
练习
①设计一张名片，名叫张文涛，职务：新华书店经理
住址：四川路180号
电话：021-2788094
参考词语
住址home address
四川路Sichuan Road
②设计一张名片，名叫汪国祥，职务：南昌中学校长。
住址：八一大道56号
电话：0791—85674321(办)
学校网址：www.nczx.org
E-mail:Nanchangzhongxue＠mail.
参考单词
网址 web site
(六)名片
　
①
②
　
PAGE
1(七)便条
写作指导
便条是一种简单形式的书信。常用的便条有请假条和留言条两种，其特点是格式简单，内容简短，便条上一般只需要一两句话。因此，便条要求做到：内容简明扼要，文字简洁明了，讲清谁写的，写给谁，什么事以及什么时候写的等。
留言条的日期可以写上年、月日，也可以写上星期几或星期几上、下午，或者只写几日，几点钟也行。日期多写在正文右上角，便条多用于熟人之间，因此，便条上的写条人地址、结束语等都可以省略。
精选范文
①
Dear Mr Li,
I'm very sorry to tell you that I can't attend school today because of a bad cold. I enclose the doctor's certificate(证明) and ask you for three days sick leave.
Your student,
Li Ming
Enclose(附)： the doctor's certificate for sick leave
②
Headmaster Li,
I have just received a letter from my home saying that my grandma is badly ill and asking me to go home at once. Because of this, I would like to have a leave of three days beginning on Oct. 8. I hope that you can allow　 me　 to　 go.
Zhang Hua
Enclose: a letter from my home.
练习
①
吴先生：
因爷爷病重，我打算回家探望，要求请假一星期，从本月10日到16日止。附上姐姐发来的电报，请批准为盼。
您的学生赵威
1999．12．9
(字数：50左右)
参考词语
重病to be seriously ill
感激to be thankful to
附上enclose
②
海伦：
我想借用你的汉英词典，三天后还。因为我目前正在翻译一篇重要文章，经常要用，我使用时一定小心爱护，决不损坏。
谢谢！
珍妮
5．15
(字数：50左右)
参考词语
能否I wonder if you can…
汉英词典Chinese-English Dictionary
查字典to consult a dictionary
③
彼德：
我今天上午乘火车到达上海，住上海宾馆305号房间，请来一叙。
杰克
上午8∶50
(字数：50左右)
参考词语
过来一叙to come over and have a chat
④你到一个叫李英的同学家，通知他一件事，碰巧他不在家，你给他留了张便条，内容如下：
a．明天的课将推迟到本星期六下午2点，因为明天你要参加劳动——植树，上午7点在校门口集合出发。
b．前天你把雨伞落在他家房子的前门外，请他明天上课时替你带来。
×××
8．10
(字数：80左右)
参考词语
参加劳动take part in the labor
雨伞umbrella
⑤假如你是建国，你的朋友今天下午5∶00到你家。你当时不在，他只好留条说明他来是为了约你明天上午和你一起去看望你们的班主任，他明天上午8∶30来叫你。请在家等候。(字数：50左右)
⑥假如你是Lucy，打算同你校外籍教师Dianna 同去人民剧院看京剧，你前去送票，碰巧她不在家，请你写一份留言：
a．戏剧今晚7∶00开始；
b．戏票已经买好，请她别再买票；
c．你将在剧院入口处等她；
d．去时，在校门口坐3路车直达剧院。
(字数：80左右)
参考词语
京剧Beijing Opera
在入口处at the entrance
乘三路车to take the BSS No.3
⑦假定你的名字叫王磊，你原来和林平约好今晚去参加舞会，但你父亲生病住院，你得去医院照顾，于是你去林平住处，想要告诉他这件事。另外，你准备约他下周六下午去乡下钓鱼，林平碰巧不在家。
请你给林平留个便条，并请他在下周四以前给回音。(字数：80左右)
参考词语
参加舞会to go to the dance
照顾to look after
钓鱼to go fishing
通知…to let…know
准备好一切 to get everything ready
(七)便条
①
Dec. 9th
Dear Mr Wu,
My grandpa is seriously ill. I have been told that by my sister. I' m going to go home to see my grandpa, so I have to ask a week's leave, from Oct. 10th to16th. I'll be very thankful to you if you agree.
Yours,
Zhou Wei
Enclose: a telegram from my elder sister
②
May 15th
Helen,
I wonder if you can lend me your Chinese-English Dictionary for three days. I' m translating an important article and must consult it now and then. I would, of course, be very careful of it, and see that no damage is to done to it.
With many thanks.
Yours,
Jane
③
8: 50 a. m.
Peter,
I arrived this morning by train. I' m staying at Shanghai Hotel ( Room 305 ) . Please come over and have a chat.
Jack
④
Aug. 10
Li Ying,
Tomorrow's class will be put off to Saturday. Instead, we'll take part in the labor----plant trees. We' ll gather at the school gate and start off at 7 : 00a.m.
I left my umbrella at the front door of your house the day before yesterday. Please bring it to me when you come to school tomorrow.
Thank you very much.
Yours,
Wei Ping
⑤
Jian Guo,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 5:00 p. m. Thursday
I've come to your house. But I feel so sorry that you are not in. Our head teacher is ill. I come to ask you to see him with me. Would you please wait for me at home tomorrow. I' ll call for you at 8:30. Many thanks.
Yours,
Xiao Ming
⑥
Dear Diana,
We have planned to see Beijing Opera in the People's Theatre. Now I have bought two tickets, I come to your room but unfortunately you were out. The play begins at seven this evening. Please do come if you read this note. I'll wait for you at the entrance. When you come you may take the Bus No. 3 at our school gate. It will take you to the theatre. You needn' t buy tickets because I've got one for you.
Yours,
Lucy
⑦
Lin Pin,
I' m sorry to tell you that I can' t go to the dance with you this evening because my father is ill and I have to look after him in the hospital. There is another thing I want to tell you. There will be no school next Saturday. Let's go fishing in the country, shall we If you'd like to go, let me know sometime before next Thursday so that I can get everything ready.
Wan Lei
PAGE
1说明文类
　
写作指导
说明文的出题形式为文字提示或图表，文体有报道、投稿、书信等。写作步骤如下：
第一步：审题，确定主题句、主体时态(一般以现在时态为主)和中心人称；
第二步：在主题句后按提示顺序将各要点以完整的句子表达出来；
第三步：用过渡词将上下文的逻辑关系体现出来。
常用词有：
①表示时间：now, then, afterwards, soon, five minutes later,　 before long, shortly after that, soon after supper, to this day, just now, just then
②表示顺序、动作过程：first, firstly, first of all, second, secondly, at first, at last, next
③表示转折：but, yet, and yet, however, although, otherwise, in spite of
④表示结果：thus, therefore, so, as a result, seeing that, luckily, unfortunately
⑤表示强调： above all, indeed, surely, certainly, of course, after all, without any delay, at least, at most
⑥表示并列： and, also, as well as, and then
⑦表示递进： besides, what's more, in addition, even, once more, what was worse
⑧表示解释和说明： that is to say, namely, for example, actually, and so on, such as, believe it or not,　 to tell you the truth,　 according this, for this reason
⑨表示比较、对比： just like, just as, in the same way, more or less, sooner or later, on the contrary, on the other hand
⑩表示总结： finally, in conclusion, in a word, in general, generally speaking, in short, as you know, in the end
需要注意的是：使用上述过渡性词必须根据上下文需要的原则，力求自然，决不可牵强附会，让人感觉别扭。
精选范文
以“早起是好习惯”为题写篇议论文。请围绕以下几点来写：
①早起与健康；
②早起与学习；
③早起与一天的活动。
(字数80～120，要求自拟标题)
　
Getting Up Early Is a Good Habit
　
Getting up early is a good habit. It is very important to our health, our study, our life and so on. First, getting up early helps to keep us strong. We can do morning exercises in the open air in the morning and breathe fresh air to build our bodies. Second, getting up early helps us to memorize what we have learned in class by reading aloud in the morning. Third, getting up early can help us to find enough time to prepare our work of the day. If we stick to getting up early every day, it will do us a lot of good.
练习
①某国际性英语刊物有一个介绍各国风俗习惯的专栏，请为该专栏写一篇短文，简单介绍中国的农历新年(春节)。请包括以下要点：
a．春节是中国人的重要节日；
b．春节在哪一天(农历：the lunar calendar)；
c．除夕一家人吃团圆饭(have a…feast)；
d．守岁爆竹迎新年(爆竹 firecracker)；
e．大年初一亲朋好友拜年(exchange…greetings)；
f．孩子们的压岁钱(lucky money)；
g．狮子舞及其他节目(lion dances and others performances)，是节日不可少的活动内容，要延续三天。
(字数80～120)
②年末将至，某英文报纸开办“99回顾”专栏，就一年中的10件大事做总结性报道。报社请你对夏季的特大洪灾进行简要评述(第一句已给出)。
性质
a．本世纪最严重的一次；
b．损失严重(举例：农田、房屋、灾民)。
原因
a．连月降雨；
b．滥伐林木，水土流失；
c．围湖造田，堵塞河道(waterway)。
防范措施
a．保护沿河植被；
b．改建堤坝；
c．退田还湖。
难点说明：
用词达意：损失严重，围湖造田，退田还湖。
时态变化：以一般过去时和现在完成时为主，考虑到实际情况，还应使用过去完成时。
句子结构：注意句子结构的完整、主语的选择、被动语态的使用和举例部分的完整表达。
文章组织：分三段写，注意每段主题句的选择。
参考词语
引起损失cause losses
无家可归become homeless
围湖造田turn lakes into fields
③根据以下提示写一篇有关交通事故的报道。
(字数：90～100)。
提示：
a．时间：昨天；
b．地点：市中心大街第二个拐角处；
c．原因：卡车司机开车前饮酒，开车时头晕，车失控撞翻一小汽车；
d．伤亡人数：5人死亡，部分人受伤；
e．影响：市区交通中断3小时；
f．经济损失：200万元；
g．市政府告诫司机要从事故中吸取教训。
参考词语
头晕dizzy
经济损失economic losses
市中心downtown
中断交通to delay all traffic
饮酒过多to have too much wine
吸取教训to learn a lesson from…
④几位外国旅游者到公园“英语角”参观。假定你是“英语角”的负责人，请用一篇英语文章介绍，内容提示如下：
a．简况：4年前成立，许多中学生参加，至今已有几百人。许多大学生和外国友人也常光顾；
b．活动时间：每星期日上午；
c．活动内容：练习英语会话、谈论有兴趣的话题、交流学习英语的经验；
d．效果：通过参加活动学习了许多东西，对英语课是一个补充，学生、家长、老师都非常欢迎，认为对学英语很有帮助。如果还想了解得更多，可问在场的学生。
参考词语
对……补充a supplement to…
聚集to gather around
交流to exchange
活动activity
受欢迎to be popular with
⑤有些外国人想了解中国的教育制度。请你用英语写一篇简介，以便刊登在某英文报上。内容要点如下：
a．7岁上小学(primary school)，学6年。
b．然后直接上初中(junior middle school)，学完3年，就完成了9年义务(compulsory)教育。
c．通过(pass)考试后，部分初中毕业生(graduates)上高中(senior middle school)，读 3年。部分学生进职业(professional)学校，被培养成熟练(skilled)工人。
d．高中毕业后，考生通过全国性的考试就成为大学生。大学通常学4年，毕业后，可获得学士学位(bachelor's degree)。制度：(system)。字数为(80～120)
注意：
a．简介要有标题；
b．简介应包括所有内容要点，但不要逐条译成英语。注意时态及语态；
⑥写一篇题为“Give up Smoking”约120字的短文。
提要：
a．不少学生吸烟，而且人数还在增加；
b．据调查，某校2／5以上学生吸烟，有的学生还偷钱买烟；
c．学生吸烟危害比成人更大，它不仅有害于身体，而且有害于心灵；
d．中学生是国家未来的建设者，吸烟者应下决心戒烟。
注意：
a．要有标题；
b．不要逐条翻译。
参考词语
调查investigation
建设者builder
有害to be harmful to
⑦根据下列提示写一篇名为“Development of Agriculture in China”的短文。
a．中国是一个拥有12亿人口的大国；
b．在过去的20年间，中国发生了巨大的变化，尤其在农业方面；
c．中国仅有世界7％的土地，却成功地养活了世界 22％的人口；
d．其耕地的灌溉面积是世界上最大的。种植了世界 1／3的水稻。渔业也非常重要，淡水鱼随处可见；
e．废弃的蔬菜被用来养猪、养鸡；人和动物的粪便产生的气体被用来供热和做饭；
f．如果世界上其他地方也像中国一样具有公平的土地所有权，就不会再有饥饿。(字数：100左右)
注意：
要有标题。
参考词语
养活人口feed…of the world's population
灌溉面积irrigated area
具有公平的土地所有权
have fair ownership of land
饥饿starvation
耕地farming land
废弃的蔬莱vegetable waste
粪便waste
⑧某国教育代表团前来你校参观，顺便问及“希望工程”，请你简单介绍一下。(字数：100左右)
提示：
a．1989年10月“希望工程”在全国启动，目的是救助贫困地区儿童上学。
b．从政府官员、企业家到普通百姓都积极捐款。从1989年到1997年底的8年间，共筹款12.57亿元；资助184.7万失学儿童；兴建5256所希望小学；对数百名希望小学的教师进行了培训。
c．希望工程还将继续改善贫困地区的办学条件，促进中国教育的发展。
难点说明：
用词达意：“积极捐款、希望小学、办学条件”，数字的表达。
时态变化：所选的时间表达方式不同，时态也不同。
句子结构：注意被动语态、同位语和定语的使用。
文章组织：分两段即可，第一段写提示a的内容，第二段写提示b和c的内容。
参考词语
目的是to aim to do
积极干……to be active in…
帮助……回到校园to help…back to school
促进to promote
⑨请根据提示，以“为什么学英语”为题，写一篇英语说明文。
提示：
a．英语是国际性语言，世界上有许多国家把它当做官方语言。
b．学习英语的重要性。如它是国际会议的工作语言；许多书籍为英语版；懂得英语可加强对世界的了解。
c．希望大家重视英语学习。
参考词语
a．官方语言official language
b．与……交流to communicate with…
⑩请你以“水污染”(Water Pollution)为题写一篇说明文。必须写明：
a．水的重要性；
b．随着工农业的发展，水源受到污染，以至不能饮用；
c．采取措施，保护环境。
参考词语
水源water source
环境environement
采取措施 to take up measures
(11)请你以“遵守交通规则”为题写一篇说明文。现在交通事故很多，以至于都怕过大马路，汽车、摩托车开得太快，总是有人闯红灯。为了安全，遵守交通规则很重要。(字数：80左右)
参考词语
走人行道to use the crosswalk
闯红灯to speed past the red light
注意：
题目已给出Obeying　 the　 Traffic　 Laws
(12)以“The Value of Time”为题目写一篇短文。该短文有四个小段。第一段是引言，提出时间比金钱更宝贵，我们必须珍惜时间这个论题。第二段是扩展段，说明时间是有限的，作为学生更应该充分利用时间，将来为国家服务。第三段也是扩展段，指出有些人还没有认识到时间的价值。第四段是结论段，指出我们必须有一个节约时间的好习惯。
参考词语
宝贵的precious
珍惜value (v．)
充分利用to make full use of
养成习惯to form a habit of
(13)下星期一的一堂英语课，分组讨论关于考试问题，请你写一篇英语发言稿，内容大致如下：
有人说不错，考试会帮助我们及时复习功课，考试之后又能使我们了解学得如何。但是你认为目前考试太多，又很难考及格，使我们对学习失去了兴趣，也没有时间参加体育活动，我们的健康受到了损害。是到了改进考试的时候了。(字数：80～120)
参考词语
复习to go over
考试to have examinations
考及格to get through
参加to go in for
该干……了It's time to do sth.
(14)写一张化学实验室的规则。
要点：
四要：
保持卫生和整洁；
按老师要求做；
做后器皿放回原处；
出实验室前先要洗手，关灯、关门。
三不要：
没有老师带领勿入内；
未经允许勿动一切；
实验时勿喧哗。
1999．7．2
(15)请你用英语写一篇有关计算机的短文。提示如下：
a．计算机是一种精细微妙的机器。它有多种类型，大多数计算机都有储存器，信息可以储存，需用时，随时取出；
b．计算机经过几百年的变化，体积越来越小，价格越来越低，操作越来越容易，工作速度越来越快；
c．计算机可以应用在许多方面，它们确实已成为一种最流行的使用工具。(字数：130左右)
参考词语
储存to store in
取出to take out
(16)一日，你校外籍教师问你：“军训”是什么意思，为什么中学生在三年的高中学习中参加一至二星期“军训”，请按提示回答。
a．中学生在军营生活一两个星期，不仅仅是为了学习一些军事术语和技术。
b．军训对学生特别是对独生子女训练性格有利。在军营，当他们被当做真正的军人对待时，他们会成熟起来。
c．在学校，他们学习了一些关于无私、勇敢和守纪律的好品质的教育，但从书本上学到的东西没有从亲身体验中学到的对品质影响深刻。通过军训，他们更加认识到这一点。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
军训military training
兵营camp
成熟的mature
独生子女家庭one-child family
宠坏spoil
宠坏的孩子a spoiled child
军事术语military terms
(17)写一篇说明“乘火车旅行比乘飞机好”的文章。题目自己拟定。
提示：
a．坐火车更实惠；
b．更好观光；
c．坐火车旅行更安全。
参考词语
买得起to afford
观光to get a view
PAGE
1第一部分　 高考英语书面表达指导
　
书面表达试题是高考必考题之一，同时也是与国家教委有关中学教学大纲要求相一致的，书面表达试题旨在考查考生笔头表达英语的能力。中学英语教学大纲指出：“中学英语教学的目的，是对学生进行听、说、读、写的基本训练，培养学生在口头上和书面上初步运用英语的能力。”
怎样才能提高书面表达能力呢？下面给同学们介绍基本的方法及做题技巧。
(一)提高书面表达的基本方法
1．写和读相结合，在阅读的基础上进行各种写的练习。书面表达能力要在阅读的基础上发展和提高。中学生进行阅读首先应学好课文、背熟课文。因为课文提供了各种笔头表达的范例，可供我们借鉴，在学好课文的基础上，广泛地开展课外阅读，接触和积累更多的语言资料，来丰富自己的书面表达手段。结合课文和课外读物，可以进行一些笔头表达练习，如：写文章的要点、大意，改写、缩写课文等。
2．写的练习和说的练习相结合。写是书面表达，说是口头表达，二者是互相联系又互相促进的，因此，这两种练习必须有机地结合起来，复述课文、值日生报告都是很好的练习方法。
3．要提高书面表达能力只有多写。在做其他练习的同时，还可坚持用英语写日记，把每天的所见所闻以及做过的事情记下来，久而久之，写的技巧就会熟练。
4．写的练习应循序渐进地进行，先要学会造句，把简单句写熟练，然后再练习写复合句，进而写段，最后写整篇文章。作文也要由仿写开始，按提示语写，再进一步到自由作文。当然，在现阶段我们只要把按提示语作文写好就够了。
(二)书面表达的做题技巧
1．书写规范，字迹清楚，这是最基本的要求。任何一种形式的书面文字材料，都要求书写规范、拼写正确无误、字迹清晰、大小写、标点符号及移行等都要正确。其实，做到这点并不难，只要做练习时认真、细心就行。
2．正确理解提示语，严格、准确地按题目要求做。有提示语的书面表达，不等于汉译英，不能按提示语逐句英译，它也不是作文，而是一种限定了内容、字数，有限制的一种书面表达方式。因此，必须充分注意提示语的提示作用。根据提示写的内容，一句不能少，与所要求表达的内容无关的话，一句也不要写，不要自己去添枝加叶，要紧扣提示，按所限定的内容、字数做到内容意义上的完整准确。
3．表达要准确。准确的理解，是准确表达的前提，理解准确的内容，要用准确的语言形态表达，在具体写作时，应主要注意以下几点：
1)文理通顺，层次清楚。要在准确理解提示语精神的基础上，把需要表达的内容，按逻辑顺序一件件地叙述清楚，简洁明了，切忌生搬硬造，词不达意，尽可能用最有把握的词语表述文章内容。
2)语法结构要正确。语法结构即语言形式，这是表达内容的手段，意思正确，但表达形式错了，也是不符合要求的。因此，要注意句子结构的正确，如词序、一致关系、时态、语态、人称呼应及词的搭配。错误的语言形式是表达不出正确的内容的。
3)格式要正确。不同的书面表达形式有不同的格式，如书信、日记、便条、通知等各有其特殊的格式。
只要做到以上所列的几点注意事项，考生便能顺利攻克书面表达这最后一道难关。
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1(八)启事
　
写作指导
启事是一种公告性的应用文，日常生活中常用的有：遗失启事、招领启事、更正启事等。
精选范文
①
　Found
　
I happened to find a wallet, inside of which there is money and other things.　 Loser is expected to come to our classroom to claim(认领) it.
Finder
Zhang Yi Ping
Class 3,　 Senior　 3
②
　Lost
　
Excuse me. I lost my bag two days ago.　 It has got a belt.　 Its color is white.　 It says: “It's made of leather(皮革),　 in Wenzhou.”　 Inside the case,　 I have some money,　 a passport,　 some clothes and some books.　 Anyone who found it,　　 please do let me know. Many　 thanks.
Yu Hua
English teaching group
练习
①你放学后在学校足球场踢球，将一件夹克衫忘在了足球场，衣服颜色是蓝色的，前面有两个口袋，其中一个口袋中有一个自行车钥匙和一些钱。请你就以上内容拟一个遗失启事，失主是高二(2)班的一个学生，时间、失主名自定。(字数：60左右)
参考单词
夹克衫jacket
足球场football court
……的钥匙a key to…
②假如你是李磊，在去厕所的路上拾到了一红色书包，请你写一个包含下列内容的招领启事。
a．捡书包的时间：昨天3点左右
写启事的时间：1999.6.20
b．书包特征：红色，内装5本书，一个文具包
c．领物地点：高一(5)班教室
(字数：60左右)
参考词语
在去……的路上on the way to
认领apply
(九)欢迎词、欢送词、告别词等
写作指导
在正式的场合中接待或招待客人，主人一般要说几句友好的话，表示欢迎，这时候说的话就叫欢迎词。
当客人逗留了一个时候以后要离别时，主人和客人又欢聚一堂，相继致词，互相问候，并致祝愿，表示不舍之情，以增进友谊。这时主人的话叫欢送词。
客人在欢送会上说的感谢的、表示惜别之情的话叫做告别词。
精选范文
①
　
Hello, everyone,
　It fires us gives pleasure to gather together with the guest from London. First of all, I would like to introduce to you Alexander, our guest today. Mr. Alexander is a famous professor in London. He is the writer of “Follow Me”and“New Concept English”which are still known to us all. He is now visiting China and today he is going to have a talk with us and see how we Chinese students learn English in middle schools.
Now let's give our warmest welcome to Mr. Alexander.
It's a good chance for us to talk with Mr. Alexander. If you have any questions on learning English, you're free to ask him for help.
Now let's welcome Mr Alexander to make a speech to　 us.
②
　Hello, everyone. Welcome to our school.
　My name is Wei Hua. I'm very glad to be your guide. First of all, I'd like to tell you something about our school.　 It was set up in 1950.　 The number of students is about 2000 and the teachers over 200. Besides three teaching buildings, we have a library, labs of different kinds of subjects and many computers.
We have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon After class we go in various activities, such as ball games, painting, singing, and so on. Now let me show you around our school.
This way, please.
练习
①Jone女士是美籍教师，应邀在某中学教英语两年，任教期间，工作勤恳，课教得生动有趣，学生都爱上她的课，别的班学生都羡慕这个班有个真正讲英语的教师，她现已工作期满，即将回国。班上学生决定举行欢送会，假定你是该班的班长，请你代表班级在会上用英语致欢送词，包括以上要点。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
羡慕to admire
勤奋hardworking
有办法做to have various ways to
生动有趣lively and interesting
完成两年的教学 to complete two-year teaching
代表……on behalf of…
向……表达谢意to express one's thanks to sb.
感谢……to thank sb. for…
②美国著名语言学家，Joe教授一行四人受联合国教科文组织委托，到我国实地了解我国中学生学习英语的情况，今日到达你校，同班同学进行座谈，座谈会上你用英语向客人致词，下面请你拟写一篇欢迎词，要求包括以下内容：
a．向客人表示欢迎，并将客人介绍给大家。(另两位是来自加拿大的Wilson和Brown 小姐，都是有经验的语言教师。)
b．请客人就如何学好英语提出宝贵建议。
(字数：100左右)
参考词语
向……介绍……to introduce…to…
语言学家linguist
有……经验to be experienced in
向……表不欢迎to give our warmest welcome to
是……的好机会a good chance for sb. to do
就……问题to ask questions on…
③假如你是某师范实习生小组成员，在某中学进行教学实习两个月后，在该校送别茶话会上，你代表小组讲几句话，用100～120个英语写一“致词”，内容如下：
a．有幸代表实习生全体成员讲话，感谢召开茶话会和学校两个月来的帮助和生活上的照顾；
b．赞扬该校环境优美，学校秩序好，为大学输送了优秀新生；
c．希望更多的毕业生进入你们学院，也希望该校领导与学生到你院参加活动。
(字数：100左右)
参考词语
有幸……an honour for sb. to do
实习生fellow trainees
参加实习to take practical courses
学习、工作的帮助to be paid regards in study and work
秩序好to keep in order
优秀毕业生 qualified graduates
　(八)启事
①
　Lost
　
Excuse me, I left my jacket on the football court yesterday afternoon while I'm playing football. The jacket is blue in colour, with four pockets in the front of it. And in one of the pockets there's a key to the bike and some money. Anyone who found it, please do let me know. Many thanks.
He Qi
Classs Two Senior Two
②
　Found
　
June 20, 1999
　
A school-bag, red, with a pencil-box and five books in it, was found on the way to the W.C. at about 3:00 p. m. yesterday.
Please apply in the classroom of Class Five Senior Grade One.
Li Lei
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