阅读细节理解指导与训练[上学期]
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2006—2007学年度桂城中学小塘分校高三备考 （阅读技能指导专题）
细节理解指导与训练
★备考说明：
1. 获取信息是我们阅读最基本的目的，是我们必须掌握的阅读技能之一（表层理解）；
2. 细节理解是考查考生获取信息能力的重要手段，也是英语高考阅读理解考查最重要的考点之一（一般占阅读理解题的40%以上）；
3. 细节理解题属简单或中等难度、容易得分的阅读理解试题。（按高考命题要求，中等难度的题目占大多数。）
★细节理解指导要点：
★热身试题：（下面这篇细节理解阅读试题，真正考验你的细心、信心、耐心、恒心！！！）
This is really a very fast game, the fastest I have ever seen, so far this year. Both sides are fighting for the ball all the time. The crowd is loving every minute of it. They’re shouting at the top of their voices. Wills has the ball now. He passes the ball to Cotton. Cotton kicks it over the heads of the waiting Frenchman（4）, towards the goal-mouth. But he’s too far away.（1）Dopont picks it up easily and throws it to Patou, out on the left.
France and Scotland still have one goal each（5）and there are only two minutes left of the game. But in that time, anything can happen. Patou picks the ball across to Crozat. It’s a beautiful kick, but Stevens jumps and stops the ball with the side of his head. But Meunier is there. He passes the ball to Crozat, and he, without waiting a second, puts the ball into the goal-mouth（2/3）. It takes everybody by surprise. Then the game is over.
1．Cotton can’t kick the ball into the goal-mouth because________. (因果判断)
A. Patou stops the ball. B. Dopont picks the ball up easily
C. the ball is too far from him D. he’s anything but a good player.
2．The right order of the goal in the last two minutes is _________. (顺序排列)
a. Patou kicks b. Crozat gets c. Stevens stops d. Meunier passes
e. Crozat goals g. Crozat passes. h. Meunier goals
A. a-b-c-d-e B. a-c-d-e C. a-b-c-g-h D. a-c-g-h
3．Stevens jumps and _________________. (重述内容)
A. falls on the side of his head B. kicks the ball beautifully
C. passes the ball to Crozat D. prevents the ball being kicked to Crozat.
4．_______________ are in the same team. (总结内容)
A. Crozat, Patou, Meunier and Dopont B. Cotton, Patou, Dopont and Wills
C. Stevens, Cotton, Meunier and Crozat D. Stevens, Patou, Meunier and Crozat
5．The final score of the football match is __________. (数据推算)
A. France 1:0 Scotland B. France 1:1 Scotland
C. France 2:1 Scotland D. France 1:2 Scotland
第一部分 做细节理解试题的阅读方法
★细节是文章中叙述、说明或论证主题的事实依据与信息。
细节理解只是对文章“表层含义”的理解，问题的设计常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问或用与此相类似的词填空等。
★细节理解答案的依据：
一般可以从原文中的某个词语、某个句子或某几个句子中就可直接找到明确的答案（因此可以说实际上是“句义理解”）。需要注意的是, 这些答案的表述常常不是采用文章中的原话, 而是使用同义的词语或句型替换。此外，有的题目需要通篇考虑，经过比较、归纳、总结后才能确定答案。
★阅读方法与技巧：
建议你解题时按下列提示去做：
1. 可以先阅读试题，认真审题, 弄清题的具体要求，看清问题提问的究竟是什么，找出关键词。
2. 带着你要回答的问题和要找的关键词去读文章。在阅读过程中跳过那些与试题无关的细节，而直接找与答题内容相关的关键词或短语，并把与题目内容相关的、跟答案有直接联系的个或几个句子划出来。
3. 结合选项，仔细斟酌辨别划出的句子，以文章的所叙述的内容为依据，一一比对，确定答案。
4. 注意要看完四个选项后再确定答案，而千万不要认为某个答案正确而根本不看其它选项。因为：某个答案可能正确但并非最佳或并不能全面回答问题。
5. 注意文章的结构安排, 注意挖掘文章的主题句，注意段与段, 细节与细节之间的关系。
这样做的目的是帮助你对各细节在文章的大致位置做到心中有数，而避免对一些具体细节在答题时又需花许多时间回头去找，避免从头到尾再读一遍文章。
说明主题的细节通常采取以下几种方式排列：
A. 简单列举；B. 按事件重要性排列；C. 时间顺序；D. 空间关系；E. 因果关系；F. 对比关系。
● 总之，做细节题时要将自己精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速通篇跳读，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z形扫视，直到找到细节出处，待找到含细节内容时，就要放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至确定答案。
★试题分析：
TEXT 1. Stealing salt was considered a major crime during some eras of history. In the 18th century, for instance, if a person was caught stealing salt, he could be put in jail. History records that about ten thousand people were put in jail during that century for stealing salt. About 150 years before, in the year 1553, taking more salt than one mouth was entitled to be punished as a crime. The offender's ear was cut off.
Salt was an important item on the table of royalty. It was traditionally placed in front of the king when he sat down to eat. Important guests at the king's table were seated near the salt. Less important guests were given seats away from it.
Question: In the 18th century if a person stole salt, he might be ______.
A. killed B. imprisoned C. fined D. caught
解释: 要找的关键词为In the 18th century或a person stole salt，对应的答案相关句子为划线部分。
选项使用原文的同义词语，即和原文相关句的句子结构一致，但换了意思相同的几个词。答案为B.
TEXT 2. （数字①—⑤表示解答该试题的文章内容线索。）
Benin
Benin is one of the smallest African states. It Lies in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea, to the south of Burkina Faso and Niger, between Togo on the west and Nigeria on the east.（①）
Benin used to be called Dahomey（⑤） and was controlled and ruled by France from 1893 to 1960（②）, when it became independent（③）. In 1963 the army general Soglo overthrew the first president Maga. Soglo set up an army government and called himself head of state in 1965, but was overthrown and replaced by a civilian government in 1967. In December 1969 Benin had another change of power with the army again taking over. In May 1970, Maga and two other men set up a new government, with each of them acting as president in turn for two years. However, half a year after Maga turned over power to the second man Ahomadegbe, the three-man government was overthrown by the army once more and General Kerekou became president. In November 1975 Kerekou changed the name of the nation from Dahomey to Benin, Benin being the name of a 17th century kingdom （⑤）covering the same place. Kerekou also announced that Benin would be a People’s Republic based on Marxism-Leninism（③）.
1. Which of the following maps shows rightly the positions of Benin and its neighboring countries (Bn=Benin; Tg=Togo; Nr=Niger; BF=Burkina Faso; Na=Nigeria; GG=Gulf of Guinea) （图形示意）
2. For how long was Benin under France （数据推算）
A. For over a century B. For roughly a century
C. For over half a century D. Under half a century
3. For how long was Benin an independent state before it became a People’s Republic （数据推算）
A. 15 years B. 25 years C. 20 years D. 30 years
4. Choose the right order in which the following people ruled in Benin. （顺序排列）
(Ah=Ahomadegbe; Ke=Kerekou; Ma=Maga; So=Soglo)
A. So, Ma, Ah, Ma, Ke B. Ma, So, Ma, Ke, Ah C. So, Ma, Ke, Ma, Ah D. Ma, So, Ma, Ah, Ke
5. When and how did Benin get its two names---Benin and Dahomey （重述内容）
A. Dahomey was its oldest name, but it has been replaced by Benin.
B. Benin was its oldest name. The name Dahomey was used later, but has been replaced by Benin again.
C. Dahomey was its oldest name. The name Benin was used later, but has been replaced by Dahomey again.
D. Benin was its oldest name, but it has been replaced by Dahomey.
（特别提醒：对于在阅读过程中遇到的生词，我们可以“视而不见”或只了解大意即可。）
解题分析：
第1小题：从It Lies in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea, to the south of Burkina Faso and Niger, between Togo on the west and Nigeria on the east.（在西非Guinea海湾边、Burkina Faso的南面、Niger和Togo之间，其中Niger在西面、Nigeria 在东面），可知道答案为C。答案项使用图形的方式考查考生对原文内容事实的重新理解。
第2小题：from 1893 to 1960，即：67年。答案为C。 答案项是对原文数据的加减换算。
第3小题：1960, when it became independent；In November 1975 …announced that Benin would be a People’s Republic可知答案为A。答案项是对原文数据的加减换算。
第4小题：the first president Maga，可排除答案AC；In November 1975 Kerekou changed the name of the nation，可知道其为最后。答案为D。请参考原文划黑线的名字的先后顺序。答案项是对原文叙述的归纳对比。
第5小题：In November 1975 Kerekou changed the name of the nation from Dahomey to Benin, Benin being the name of a 17th century kingdom 和Benin used to be called Dahomey可知：答案为B。答案项是对原文事实的归纳。
TEXT 3 （请根据划线的句子和题号提示，完成下列各小题。）
Santa Fe, the capital of New Mexico, U. S. A., is in the central part of the state①, on the Santa Fe River, which flows into the Rio Grande 35 kilometres west of the city. More than two thousand meters above sea level, it lies in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains with the Ortiz Mountains to southeast.②
Santa Fe was founded in 1609 by the Spanish on an old Indian village. In 1680 the Indian seized the place but only held it for twelve years before the Spanish retook it.④ The city remained under Spanish rule until Mexico won its independence in 1821. From then on it was a Mexican city until 1846 when it was taken over by U. S. troops.③④
With a population of 48, 953, Santa Fe is now the second largest city in the state. Because of its sunny weather, rich history and surrounding mountains, it is a good place for holiday makers.⑥⑦ Besides hunting and skating in the mountains people enjoy shopping in the Indian and Spanish shops, which brings a large income to the city every year. In summer there is an international opera (歌剧) season⑤ when operas are shown in a partly-roofed, open-air theatre daily for people from all over the world.
1. At present Santa Fe belongs to ________________.
A. India B. Mexico C. Spain D. the United States.
2. Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what Santa Fe is like
RG = the Rio Grande SFR= the Santa Fe River OM = the Ortiz Mountains
3. Santa Fe was under the rule of the Mexicans in ____________________.
A. 1657 B. 1695 C. 1816 D. 1833
4. The people who held Santa Fe for the longest period in history were the __________.
A. Spanish B. Indians C. Mexicans D. Americans
5. What is of special interest to people who visit Santa Fe in summer
A. Hunting B. Fishing C. Watching operas D. Doing shopping
6. Santa Fe is best described as a __________.
A. trade centre B. holiday centre C. home for all nations D. seaport city
7. One of the reasons for visitors to come to Santa Fe is that it _____________.
A. has fine weather B. is the state capital C. has historical monuments D. is on the Santa Fe River 第二部分 考题基本类型指导与训练
一、是非判断
★常见提问（出题）形式：三正一误（三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容） 或三误一正（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容）。如：
Which of the following (statements) is true/false Which of the following is true except… Which of the following is not mentioned… Which of the following is NOT true Which of the following is mentioned except…
★解题方法：
A. 在阅读试题时，首先浏览题目所提供的四种选项。若各选项的表达针对同一内容，则要注意找出各个选项之间的差异（如：全面与片面、准确与含糊、表达的程度高低等），弄清了这些差异之后，再带着问题去原文中核实文章的实际内容。
B. 若各个选项陈述的内容不一致，“各自为政”，则要根据题干或选项中的提供的线索逐个回读原文，找到相关句，最后确定答案。
C. 注意表达上的“绝对化”，这些选项通常不是正选答案。“绝对化”的表达形式主要有：表示绝对、过度、最高级意义的字眼，如：least(最不)等；表示惟一性的词汇，如：only, unique等等。
例如：
American doctors say that mothers who smoke before their babies are born may slow the growth of their babies’ lungs. They say reduced lung growth could cause the babies to suffer breathing problems and lung diseases later in life. Doctors in Boston, Massachusetts studied 1,100 children. The mothers of some of the children smoked, the other mothers did not. Doctors found that the lungs of the children whose mothers smoked were 8% less developed than the lungs of the children whose mothers did not smoke, and that the children whose mothers smoked developed 20% more cold and breathing diseases than other children later in life.
Another recent study found that children had a greater chance of developing lung cancer if their mothers smoked. The study also showed that the danger of lung cancer increased only for sons and not for daughters, and that the father’s smoking did not affect a child’s chance of developing lung cancer.
1. Which of the following is true, according to American doctors’ opinion
A. If a will-be mother smokes, her baby is likely to have breathing problems.
B. If a will-be mother smokes, the lung of her baby will be undeveloped.
C. Reduced lung growth will cause the babies to suffer lung diseases when they are born.
D. Reduced lung growth will cause the babies to suffer lung cancer when they are born.
2. Suppose John’s father was a heavy smoker, so was Mary’s mother. According to a recent study from the text, which of the following statements is true
A. John is more likely to develop lung cancer
B. Mary is more likely to develop lung cancer
C. John and Mary have the same chance to develop lung cancer
D. Neither John nor Mary has more chance to develop lung cancer than other children.
解题分析：
1. 根据第一段内容，母亲抽烟与子女是否有呼吸问题、肺病甚至肺癌的关系只是“may”、“could”而已，所以正确答案为A。
2. 从第二段内容：Another recent study found that children had a greater chance of developing lung cancer if their mothers smoked. The study also showed that the danger of lung cancer increased only for sons and not for daughters, and that the father’s smoking did not affect a child’s chance of developing lung cancer. 即：妈妈抽烟影响女儿；爸爸抽烟不影响任何子女。Mary为女孩儿，John为男孩儿，正确答案D.
★是非判断专项训练试题： A
The best way to improve your reading ability is, of course, to read. The student must make a real effort to improve his speed, and if necessary his comprehension（理解）, with each exercise. Too many students read passages passively and without judgment: they simply start at the first word and read through to the end. You should read a passage actively, selectively and purposely. You must believe that you indeed have the ability to read faster and understand more, and that you will. Reading, like everything else in life, is best done when you're relaxed. The key to improve it is concentration. You must be willing to break some old habits and form new ones. Extra body movement, such as turning the head from side to side, pointing at the line with a finger or pencil, or moving the lips, should be stopped immediately. Reading is mostly a mental process and body movement helps neither speed nor comprehension. Then you should see words as part of a whole sentence or paragraph, not just in isolation. This is why a slow, word-by-word student often understand far less, or miss much of the joy and excitement of reading.
1. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. When reading, you should pay attention to the basic unit of meaning, that is, a phrase or sentence that contains an idea.
B. When reading, you'd better point at the line with a pencil.
C. Body movement will help you to improve reading.
D. When reading, you should turn your head from side to side.
2．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true
A. You can do best work when you're relaxed.
B. It doesn't matter moving your lips when you read.
C. Reading skills must be practiced not only within the classroom but also at home.
D. Reading attentively can improve your reading ability.
B
Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want if the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly（迅速地）produces it, and the business of trying it on proceeds（继续进行）at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone's satisfaction. For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute（替代）bluntly（生硬地，真率地）; he does so with skill and polish; “I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size. It happens to be the colour you mentioned. ”Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response（回答）is, “This is the right colour and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on.”Now how does a woman go about buying clothes In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a took round”. She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the lockout（封闭工厂）for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail（围栏）to another, to and fro（来来回回）, often retracing（折回）her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious（艰苦的）process, but apparently an enjoyable one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.
1. Which of the following is true when a man is buying clothes
A. he buys cheap things, regardless of quality
B. he chooses things that others recommend
C. he does not mind how much he has to pay for the right things
D. he buys good quality things, so long as they are not too dear
2. Which of the following is true EXCEPT…
A. Men make sure a thing fits before they buy it.
B. A man usually does not buy anything when he cannot get exactly what he wants.
C. So long as the style is right, a man buys the thing.
D. Men seldom try clothes on in a shop.
3. Which of the following points makes a good salesman according the text above
A. treating his customers sharply B. always having in stock just what you want
C. not wasting his time on difficult customers
D. selling something a customer does not particularly want
4. As for women shoppers for clothes, which of the following is true
A. They welcome suggestions from anyone.
B. Women rarely consider buying cheap clothes.
C. Women often buy things without giving the matter proper thought.
D. They listen to advice but never take it.
5. Which of the following differences between men and women shoppers is NOT mentioned in the text
A. The fact that men buy less than women when shopping.
B. Women bargain for their clothes, but men do not.
C. Women stand up to shop, but men sit down.
D. The time they take over buying clothes.
二、因果判断
（包含“因果推理”-------逻辑推理类型）
★解题指导：
A 要注意观察文章中使用的表示因果关系的信息词，如：
1)表示因果关系的名词：result, reason, cause…;
2)表示因果关系的动词：result in(结果)，result from(由于)，base…on…(以…为基础)，be due to (由于)，that’s why…….；
3)表示因果关系的连词或介词：because (of), for, (for that) reason, as, since, as a result ( of), why….;
4)表示因果关系的副词；as a result, therefore, consequently等
B 要注意辨别前后事件发生的逻辑关系：是原因还是结果。（此时，要进行因果推理。）
除了上述原文有因果关系提示词的显性原因考点之外，隐性原因(两个句子之间为因果关系，但无有关提示词)也是常见考点。
C 在做寻找事物原因的题目时，有几点要特别注意。
1. 问的是主要原因或真正原因，而命题人员总把一些次要的，非直接的，非根本的原因放进选项。由于这些次要的原因也是文章中提到的，因此考生如不仔细，往往会把次要原因当作答案。这就告诉我们，做这类题目，首先要注意问题中的the main／chief／real cause (reason，factor) 这些词，提醒自己，问题问的是主要原因。然后分析事物的诸多的原因，理出最主要的，直接的，根本的原因。
2. 问的是事物的原因，但出现在选项里的还有事物的后果、影响。由子这些后果、影响和原因一样，都是指一件事，且都出现在同一相关段，或相关句中，稍不留心，就会搞错。这就告诉我们，做寻找原因的题目时，对文章所说的事物的原因、结果、影响，应理清它们之间的逻辑关系。不要错把结果当原因。
【例题】
When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,“Are you single " “Why, yes." I answered, smiling at her happily.
“So is my mother." she said, “Would you like to meet her "
1. The writer talked about the waitress' age because he thought___________.
A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her
C. she was beautiful. D. it strange for her to fall in love with him
2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because___________.
A. she lived near his house. B. he often went to visit her mother
C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much
【解析】这是两道推测原因的题目。女服务员每天向作者示好，作者产生误解，以为女孩对他有意。考虑到他们年龄相差悬殊，作者认为女孩爱上他有点奇怪。故第1题答案是D。女孩问作者是否单身，并提到她母亲也是单身，并邀请他与她母亲见面，可见，女孩每天向他问好，目的是想取得他的好感，进而搓和他和她母亲。第2题答案是C。
★因果判断专项训练试题： A
The entertainment profession or “show business" attracts many young people. Unfortunately, only very few can hope to become famous and successful. Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business .Without a good manager ,a performer can never hope to succeed .Fashion is important in this business, too. The best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes old-fashioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must change his “act” in order to follow the taste of the moment. This is true for actors, dancers and comedians ,but perhaps most of all singers.
“Pop" stands for “popular" and a pop singer has to work very hard to become popular .He must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he can not relax. Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. The life of a successful pop singer is not at all easy. He can only relax when he is alone, because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the “fans”. The fans are the most important people in the world for the singers. They buy his records, they go to his concerts and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very annoying, too. Sometimes their enthusiasm get so hysterical that they do anything to get a“souvenir"（纪念品）. They steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singer's hair. Many singers have been forced to hide. A pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart or at any rate different. He must have a luxurious car. And — most important — he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public.
1. Why must a pop singer have a good manager ___________.
A. To protect him from his fans B. To look after his business interests
C. To help him to change his “act". D. So that he can relax
2. Why must a pop singer work even harder when he has become famous ___________
A. Because he wants to attract the attention of the public. B. Because he wants to sell more records
C. Because he wants to become popular D. Because he wants to stay popular
B
Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn. The next morning, he went to thank the innkeeper.“You, have served me well, innkeeper, " said Napoleon. “I wish to reward you. Tell me what you want."
“Sir, we want nothing, " said the innkeeper.“But will you tell us something "“What is it " Napoleon asked.
“We have heard a story." said the innkeeper, “that once during the war, a small village was taken by the Russians. You happened to be in the village. You hid while they looked for you. Will you tell us how you felt when they were looking for you " Napoleon looked very angry. He called in two of his soldiers. Then he pointed to the door. The soldiers took the innkeeper and his wife out into the yard.
At the end of the yard was a wall. The innkeeper and his wife were led to the wall. The soldiers tied the hands of the innkeeper and his wife. Napoleon watched, saying nothing.
“Please, sir." begged the innkeeper, “Don't kill us! we meant nothing!" The soldiers moved back. The innkeeper saw them raising their guns. Then Napoleon called:“Ready! Aim!" The wife screamed. “Stop!" said Napoleon. He went to the innkeeper, “Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don't you "
3. Why did the innkeeper ask Napoleon to tell him how Napoleon felt when he was being looked for
A. He wanted to know the difference between a general and an ordinary people.
B. He looked down upon Napoleon, for he thought a great man shouldn't be defeated.
C. He showed his sympathy (同情) to Napoleon in time of danger.
D. He was interested in other's failure, especially Napoleon's.
4. Why did Napoleon ordered his men to tie the couple
A. Because he wanted to teach the innkeeper a good lesson for bothering him.
B. Because he wanted to kill the couple to get rid of his anger.
C. Because he wanted to show that he was so admiring a general that nobody could upset him.
D. Because he wanted to made the innkeeper know that a general like him had the same feeling as the ordinary people in face of danger.
C
The Doctor’s Call
There was ice on the road, and the doctor’s car hit a tree and turned over three times. To his surprise, he was not hurt. He got out of the car and walked to the nearest house. He wanted to telephone the garage for help. The door was opened by one of his patients.
“Oh, Doctor.” she said, “I have only just telephoned you. You must have a very fast car. You have got here very quickly indeed. There has been a very bad accident in the road outside. I saw it through the window. I am sure the driver will need your help.”
5. Which of the following was the cause of the accident
A. Careless driving. B. A tree had fallen across the road.
C. A slippery (滑) road. D. There was a thick fog.
6. The doctor went to the house because__________.
A. he knew one of his patients lived there. B. he had received a call to go there.
C he wanted to use the telephone. D. he was injured and could walk no further.
7. Why did the woman patient telephone the doctor
A. She needed medical treatment.
B. She believed somebody else needed a doctor.
C. To ask how quickly the doctor could come.
D. To ask whether the doctor was coming on his regular visit.
三、指代判断
（★说明：“指代判断”在《生词的处理与猜测词义》中已经涉及。）
★指代是作者为了使文字简练、结构匀称、衔接自然，避免重复罗嗦，而通过“替代词”替代上下文的某一词语或对象，把上下文的语意连接起来的一种手段。常见的替代词有：
代词： he she it they…; this that those these …; one ones some other…; the former, the latter , the same…; who which…
副词： here there then so… 动词： do, do so, do it, do that…等等。
● 替代词替代的部分可能是一个单词、一个词组，也可能是一个短语、一个句子，甚至一个段落等。同时，指代不仅可以指代前面已经出现的内容，也可以指代后面即将出现的内容。
★提问方式:阅读理解考试题中，有的题目考查的内容就是要你判断某一替代词替代的是什么。提问的方式常常是：The word “it”in the second paragraph refers to ________.
In line 3, the word “one” could best be replaced by ________.
★解题指导:
通常, 只要我们能正确理解文段的内容，就可根据上下文的句子结构、主谓一致关系以及上下文之间的语义关系和逻辑关系等来确定所指代的内容。同时，注意以下几个要点：
A. 注意指代条件:
it，they，one，that，this都有自己的指代条件，如单数，复数，可数，不可数，先行词的远近(先行词一般紧靠着代词。也就是说代词前面有几个可指代的词或词组同时出现，最靠近可能性最大)。它要求对代词所在句以及紧邻几个句子的结构和意思都要有准确的理解。
B. 注意文章意思: 如果代词周围有好几个名词或词组，而且都符合指代条件，这就要分析哪一选项符合文章意思。
C. 注意搭配意思:把四个选项试着代入原文，看哪一项符合搭配意思，包括句子的语法意义和逻辑意义。
D. 注意综合考虑: 综合注意指代条件，文章意思和搭配意思。
例：
1. The basketball team never lacked vociferous（大叫大喊的）young supporters, but they rarely responded to this show of enthusiasm. Question: Who seldom reacted to that enthusiastic show
A. The young people B. The players C. Some people D. A lot of people
文中的划线字they若是指高声呼叫的支持者, 则与后面的意思（对这种热情很少作出响应）不合。因为the basketball team和 players；seldom reacted 和rarely responded是两对同义关系的词语，而“they”又与basketball team有参照关系，所以答案应该是B。
2. Scott Fitzgerald, who first introduced him to a publisher, was one of the few contemporary writers that Hemingway did not turn against.
文中划线字him若指的是主语Scot Fitzgerald, 则应该用反身代词himself, 而不能用him, 因此, 这里指后文的Hemingway。
★指代判断训练试题：
Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership(伙伴关系)which does good to both of them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep. Tins is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites(寄生虫)on sheep. The sheep allow the birds to do so because they remove the cause of discomfort. So although they can manage without each other, they do better together.
The underlined word "they" in the last sentence of the fast paragraph refers to ___.
A. birds and parasites B. birds and sheep C. parasites and sheep D. sheep, birds and parasites.
After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery; they must try to recover the money they have spent. To do this, they raise costs for all their patients, not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment.
"To do this" means ______.
A. to help patients recover
B. to increase the number of heart surgeries
C. to get back the money spent on the equipment
D. to buy new equipment for the treatment. of heart disease
四、重述内容
★“重述内容”要求对文章的相关细节内容进行判断：是否与文中的内容一致？是否与文中的内容相符？所以正确的答案选项可能表达或表现形式不同，但必定与文中所叙述的内容、意思一致或相同。它跟我们做的“句型转换”题相差无几。可以说是对文章内容的“改写、复述、总结”。实际上，细节理解的各项考题类型都可统称为“重述内容”。
例如：句子理解（从短文中挑选出来的句子）
(1) The level of air pollution in Milan is twice as high as the levels in Paris and Beijing and three times those in Tokyo and London, and four times that in New York. [Question]:
Which of the following shows the right level of air pollution in each of the following cities
A. Milan>New York>Tokyo>Paris B. MilanC. Milan>Beijing=ParisBeijing>London>New York.
(2) Chicago is a great inland port (内河港口). It can send goods by ocean-going ships all the way to Europe---via (经过) the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Seaway. It can send goods by barge (驳船), through waterway and canals, to the Mississippi and down it to the Gulf of Mexico.
[Question]:
If we carry goods to Chicago from Mexico, we probably go through_______.
A. the Gulf of Mexico------Mississippi-----canals-------waterway-----Chicago
B. the Gulf of Mexiao------Mississippi-----the Great Lakes------------Chicago
C. the Gulf of Mexico---Mississippi--the Saint Lawrence Seaway--The Great Lakes—Chicago
D. waterway----canals----Mississippi----the Gulf of Mexico------Chicago
五、数据推算
★数据推算考查考生获取短文数据细节并根据要求推算到具体数字的能力。
★解题指导：
要准确推算出考题设计的答案数据，首先必须能够从短文中找出和识别相关的表示数量或与数量有关的信息词和句子，然后再结合有关数量的表示方法（如：倍数、半数、折扣等；）进行推算，有时需要结合常识（节日的固定日期等）、进行特别的计算方能得出答案。应用文中，还要注意识别特殊的格式日期信息 (如：信件、日记、新闻等)。
在推算的过程中，得到答案的关键常常不在于数据与计算本身，而在于弄清数据之间或数据与文中其他信息之间的逻辑关系，特别要注意题目设计的计算条件！
请你简单归纳复习一些基数词和序数词、与数据有关的词汇。
例: The day after tomorrow, on Women’s Day, I’ll go back to Paris and be with my parents。
根据这个句子你能回答：“Today is___(几月几日). “I am a ___(哪里人)吗？
★热身练习：
1. The film (The Gold Rush) was set in California in the middle of the nineteenth century.
[Question]: The story of “The Gold Rush” happened in the_______.
A. 1750s B. 1850s C. 1950s D. 1890s
2. There are 1200 students in our school. Among them, six students out of ten are interested in English. [Question]: ________ students in our school like English.
A. 600 B. 480 C. 720 D. 840
对于比较复杂的数据推算，我们可以使用类似“数学数轴”的“时间数轴”把短文中的数据标记出来，这样便于提取数字信息，理清数字关系。例如：
3. Welcome aboard the Luxury Cruise bus to Dallas, Rouge and Atlanta. We’ll arrive in Dallas at 1:45 this afternoon. There will be a fifteen-minute rest stop at that time. We will give a thirty-minute dinner stop in Rouge at 6:45 for those of you who are going to Atlanta. We should arrive in Atlanta at 1:15 tomorrow morning. Please remember the number of your bus. [Question]: It’ll take the passengers ______ hours to go to Atlanta from the city of Rouge.
A. 5 B. 6 C. 17 D. 18
★数据推算专项练习题：
1. Shanghai now has more than two million people over the age of 60. They account for about 15 percent of the city’s total population. From the passage we know the population in Shanghai is more than ______ million. A. 13 B. 15 C. 40 D. 100
2. “A crowded school bus smashed into a steel railing (栏杆), killing 30 children and 3 teachers,” a reporter said yesterday, “36 children were injured, and half were hospitalized in satisfactory condition.”
From the report, we know the number of the passengers in the school bus suffered from the accident was _____. A. 33 B. 66 C. 69 D. 87
3. “The day before yesterday, that is, on the Teachers’ Day, I went to visit the Great Wall. And the day after tomorrow I’ll go to the Summer Palace for a visit.” Jim told me about his journey.
From the Jim’s words, we know Jim went to the Great Wall on ______and he’ll go to the Summer Palace on ______.
A. Sep. 7; Sep. 10 B. Sep. 10; Sep. 13 C. Sep.10; Sep.14 D. Sep. 13; Sep. 16
4. Heathrow is still the largest airport in Britain and one of the largest in the world with its capacity (载容量) of 30 million passengers a year. But latest figures from the authority (权威) show that passenger traffic last month at Gatwick grew four times faster than Heathrow compared with the same month last year. More than 2.2 million passengers used Heathrow last month, 7 percent up on the previous May. In comparison, 687,700 passengers used Gatwick, a rise of 26 percent on the same month last year.
（1）This article was written in ________. A. April B. May C. June D. July
（2）About_____ passengers used Heathrow airport per month.
A. 30 million B. 3 million C. 2.5 million D. 2.2 million
（3） Heathrow’s capacity for last May was about _______.
A. 2.2 million B. 2.354 million C. 2.056 million D. below 2 million
（4）About _______ passengers used Gatwick airport last May.
A. 68770 B. above 68700 C. 1/4 of 687,700 D. 4/5 of 687,700
5. The Flag of the U. S. ------ The Stars and Stripes The history of the flag of the U. S. has become so cluttered by myth that hardly any facts can be established. One thing all agree on is that the Stars and Stripes originated as the result of a resolution adopted by Congress June 14, 1777. It read:
Resolved: that the flag of the United States be thirteen stripes, alternated red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation.
The flag of 1777 was used until 1795. Then, on the admission of Vermont and Kentucky to the Union, Congress passed an act that after May 1, 1795, the flag should have 15 stripes and 15 stars.
When new states were admitted it became evident that the flag would become burdened with stripes. Congress thereupon ordered that after July 4, 1818, the flag should have 13 stripes, symbolizing the 13 original states; that the union have 20 stars, and that when ever a new state was admitted a new star should be added on the July 4 following the admission.
The 50-star flag of the United States was raised for the first time officially on July 4,1960, at Fort McHenry in Baltimore. The 50th star had been added for Hawaii, a year earlier the 49th, for Alaska. Before that, no star had been added since 1912, when New Mexico and Arizona were admitted to the Union.
(1) Since 1777, the U. S. Flag has changed its design _____.
A. twice B. 3 times C. 5 times D. more than 5 times
(2) In 1912, before July 4, the U. S. flag had _____.
A. 15 stars B. 20 stars C. 46 stars D. 48 stars
(3) The 49th and 50th states to join the U.S.A. were, in their correct order, _____.
A. Alaska and Hawaii. B. Hawaii and Alaska
C. New Mexico and Arizona D. Arizona and New Mexico
(4) Congress decided in 1818 that the U. S. flag should have 13 stripes because ______.
A. since 1777 it had always had 13 stripes.
B. since 1777 it had always had more than 13 stripes.
C. in 1818 there were only 13 states in the Union of the U. S. A.
D. at the founding of the Union of the U. S. A. there had been only 13 states.
六、顺序排列
★“顺序排列”题要求对文章提到的一系列事件、步骤、程序等按先后顺序或其他要求重新排列。在做顺序排列题时，要注意先按时间、空间或操作顺序罗列出各种信息，弄清各种信息之间的逻辑关系后再确定选项。
★解题方法：
A 排除法：通过快速阅读，确定某环节必为最先发生或最后发生，或者通过确定某两个环节必定先后发生，进而对选项进行排除。
B 逻辑推理法：利用自己掌握的常识对要排列事件作出必要的补充或假设，按事件发生的时间先后顺序排列，最后通过短文核对确认<切记!>。生活常识只是更好地更快地帮助我们理解和回答问题。但不能只凭它下结论。
●要特别注意：有的文章采用倒叙的方法记述事件过程。
★热身练习：
1. When a living creature dies，it usually decays (腐烂)or is eaten by animals. However，if it sinks into a riverbed (河床) or is quickly covered by the blowing sands of a desert storm，the bones are kept up in the earth. Over many years the soft inner parts of a bone disappear，leaving the inside hollow (空的). Water containing mineral enters into the hollow. Slowly the mineral hardens and makes the bone hard and heavy, like stone. This is how a fossil (化石) formed.
In which order are fossils formed
a. A living thing sinks into a riverbed or sands.
b. Water goes into a bone hollow together with mineral.
c. Something soft in a bone disappears.
d. The hardened mineral makes the bone hard.
e. The bone becomes hollow inside.
A. a b c d e B. c a b e d C. a c e b d D. e c d b a
2. People in the Middle East use a special pot for holding drinking water. This pot allows water to be slowly absorbed by the clay (粘土). As the absorbed water reaches the outer surface of the pot, it evaporates (蒸发)quickly because of the dry air. Because evaporation water absorbs heat from their surroundings, evaporation acts as a cooling process. This process, in turn, cools the pot. The pot then cools the water held in the pot. Thus, we have an “air-powered cooler”; the clay also absorbs some of the dirt it the water, thus making it taste purer.
This type of pot has various shapes in different parts of the Middle East. The “zeer” in Egypt comes to a point at the bottom. Since it does not have a flat bottom, it is usually supported in wooden or metal holder. The water that has reached the surface of the pot runs down the sides of the pot and drips (滴) off the pointed bottom.
Which is the right order for showing how the zeer works as a water cooler
a. The clay cools b. Water goes through the clay and reaches the outer surface
c. The pot cools d. The water cools e. Water evaporates to the air around it
f. The evaporating water absorbs the heat around it
A. b, e, f, a, c, d B. f, a, b, e, d, c C. b, e, f, a, d, c D. f, a, b, d, c, e
简要说明：应注意原文的叙述方式与选项表达的不同，要进行适当的推理才能判断出正确选项.
★排列顺序训练试题：
A
Fei Xiang, whose English name is Kris Phillips, is a Chinese American. He is nearly two metres tall, with blue eyes, looking like an Asian. Though he was born in Taiwan, he grew up speaking Chinese to his mother and English to his father and studied at Stanford University in California．Later he returned from abroad to Taiwan and became a singer.
In 1986, Fei Xiang visited the mainland and turned into a big pop star there. He was well-known among the young people and his songs were widely accepted. Such as “Fire in Winter”, “Clouds of My Homeland” and so on.
He left the mainland for New York four years later. There he worked as a singer in “Miss Saigon”, but only as a lowly member. He led a quiet life in New York, for only a few people knew his name.
Now Phillips is planning to end his six-year stay in the USA and return to the mainland and his recording career. His new project is to introduce the mainland to the music of the Broadway (百老汇) stage, including the song“Maria”from“West Side Story”.
What's the order in which Kris Phillips did the following things
a. made the decision to return to PRC
b. learned Chinese from his mother and English from his father
c. was widely welcomed by the young people d. sang for“Miss Saigon” as a lowly member
e. became a student at Stanford University
A．b, e, c, d, a B．e, b, d, c, a C．d, e, b, a, c D．c, a, b, e, d
B
Kristy, 28, a cook in La Gross, often wondered what she'd do in a life-threatening situation. On August 29,1997,she got her answer. While she was driving on a road a big truck hit its head on a pickup car. The pickup burst into flames. Kristy rushed out and ran to the pickup. Two farmers, Dean Bernhard, 51, and his brother Donald,44,were inside. When she got close, Kristy could see the unconscious driver. The other man was under the passenger seat. Says Kristy: "The smells were sickening. I was afraid the truck would blow up and kill us all."
The driver of the big truck was struggling to open the passenger door. so Kristy rushed to the driver's side. Finally they opened the door. She reached in, seized the driver and, to her horror, felt her hands sink into his chest. She quickly dragged the man to safety on the roadside, then hurried back. As Kristy stared down the ditch(水沟)with the passenger, the pickup blew up. She jumped on top of him and they both rolled to safety.
When the police arrived a while later, Kristy started crying, "I want my mum." In fact she cried for the net three months. Today, the two farmers, each the father of two children, are good friends with Kristy. To show their deep appreciation, they bought her a ring with nine diamonds-one for each member of their immediate families, and the ninth for her.
In which order did Kristy do the following things
a. Carried Dean and Donald to safety b. Rushed to the pickup c. Surprised herself
d. Saw the truck hit on the pickup e. Got out of her car
f. Wondered what she'd do in danger
A. e,d,b,a,c,f B. d,e,b,a,f,c C. f,d,e,b,a,e D. f,c,e,d,b,a
C
On the evening of June 21, 1992, a tall man with brown hair and blue eyes entered the beautiful hall of the Bell Tower Hotel in Xi’an with his bicycle. The hotel workers received him and telephoned the manager, for they had never seen a bicycle in the hotel ball before though they lived in “the kingdom of bicycles.”
Robert Friedlander, an American, arrived in Xi’an on his bicycle trip across Asia which started last December in New Delhi, India.
When he was 11, he read the book Marco Polo and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road. Now, after 44 years , he was on the Silk Road in Xi’an and his early dreams were coming true.
Robert Friedlander’s next destinations (目的地) were Lanzhou, Dunhuang, Urumqi, etc. He will complete his trip in Pakistan.
Friedlander is visiting the three countries in the following order, _______.
A. China, India, and Pakistan B. India, China, and Pakistan
C. Pakistan, China, and India D. China, Pakistan, and India
D
Ken Roberts, the man who found the hare, had been looking for it for nearly two years. Although he had been searching in the wrong area most of the time, he found it by logic(逻辑), not by luck. His success came from the fact that he had gained an important clue at the start. He had realized that the words: "One of Six to Eight" under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII's wives. Even here, however Williams had succeeded in misleading him. Ken knew that Katherine of Aragon had died at Kimbolton in Cambridgeshire in 1536 and thought that Williams had buried the hare there. He had been digging there for over a year before a new idea occurred to him. He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill, in Bedfordshire, and thought that he must have buried the hart in a place he knew well, but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in1773.
Which of the following describes Roberts' logic in searching for the bare
a. Henry VIII's six wives b. Katherine's burial place at Kimbolton
c. Williams childhood in Ampthill d. Katherine of Aragon
e. Stone crosses in Ampthill Park
A. a, b, c, e, d B. d, b, c, e, a C. a, d, b, c, d D. d, b, c, a, e
七、图形示意
★“图形示意”题通过图形的方式考查考生对文章文字内容理解后的再现能力和辨认能力。通常包括有：特征描述示意、方位描述示意（地理位置图）、程序过程描述示意等。
（还记得2006年的广东高考听力1—3小题、2006年10月进行的惠州模拟测试听力1—3小题吗？）
★解题指导：
做选图题，首先要找到原文中相关的描述内容，然后与提供的图片逐一核对，注意观察各个图片的差异，最后判断哪个图片与描述的内容一致。要特别注意图片的细微差异之处。发现差异后，可用排除法解题。
★图形示意专项训练试题：
1. Fat on human beings (人类) is distributed (分布) in different ways. Some fat people have a large stomach and no waistline---which makes them look round, rather like apples. Others are fatter below the waist, which makes them appear pear-shaped. Much fat may cause health problems…
Which of the following people is most likely to have health problems
2. The Channel Islands are a group of British-owned islands lying in the English Channel(海峡), 10 to 30 miles off the French coast, and 70 to 90 miles from the English coast. …….
Which of the following maps gives the right position of the Channel Islands
Br = Britain Fr = France Ch = Channel Islands
3. …
But it used to take a lot longer to go around the world. Magellan's men were the first to make the trip. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.
Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the king of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust（锯末）．Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21, 1521, seven out of every eight men had died. Magellan's voyage pr6ved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.
Which of the following shows correctly the route by which Magellan's men sailed around the world
4. There are different ways in which people try to deal with the problem of energy. One way is ….
Another way is…..
Finally, renewable energy sources are used even though they are often expensive to develop. One form of these is geothermal energy. In certain parts of the world the temperature of the earth increases thirty degrees centigrade with each kilometer down. At six kilometers, therefore, it rises to nearly two hundred degrees. To get the heat, water is pumped(压;抽)down into the rocks and back up to the surface. Heat from the earth is already used in certain countries.
Which of the following drawings shows the right way to get geothermal energy
5. Reports say 62 persons are dead and 40 persons remained alive after hijackers tried to seize an Iraqi passenger plane. The plane was flying from Baghdad (the capital of Iraq), Iraq to Amman (the capital of Jordan约旦), Jordan. A Jordanian official, who was on the plane, said at least two persons tried to seize the plane. He said the hijackers exploded small bombs while the plane was flying. He said that the plane was able to land at Arar, Saudi Arabia．But the plane exploded when it was on the ground. Radio stations, Beirut (the capital of Lebanon), Lebanon(黎巴嫩)said, a group called “The Revolutionary Action Organization” has declared it was done by them.
Which of the following maps shows rightly the whole course of incident
(flight line ----; city o; explosion of the plane )
6.…
A square is formed by four couples who stand facing the centre of the square. Each couple stands on one side of the square, the boy on the left and the girl on the right.
Large or small numbers of people can dance at one time. Sometimes 800 or 1, 000 people may be dancing at the same time. Or there may be only one square of eight people.
Costumes are worn by those who square-dance. This makes the dancing more colorful to watch. Women often wear full skirts of various colors with a pretty blouse ( 短上衣 ) . Men have colored shirts and western trousers which they wear only when square-dancing. In some country areas, everyone wears his best clothes.
….
Which of the following pictures is the right form of a square
7. Golden Gate Bridge is one of the largest and most magnificent suspension ( 悬吊 ) bridges in the world . It spans a channel at the entrance of San Francisco Bay. The Bridge, which has a total length of 8, 981 feet(2, 737 meters), connects northern California to peninsula(半岛 ) of San Francisco. Its towers are among the first buildings seen from ships coming near San Francisco. These towers stand on either side of the bridge, about 1, 125 feet(343 meters)from the ends. They hold up the two steel cables 36.5 inches (93centimetres) in diameter(直径), from which the bridge hangs. The part between the towers is 4, 200 feet ( 1, 280 meters) long, one of the world' s longest spans. The floor is about 200 feet ( 67 ) meters ) above the water, and 90 feet ( 27 meters ) wide. It has a six-lane road and sidewalks. Joseph B．Strauss designed the bridge, and the construction began on Jan. 5, 1933. Engineers completed it in 1937 at a cost of $ 35.5 million.
Which of the following diagrams may show the bridge
细节理解指导与训练参考答案
热身试题：1---5 BBDAC
第一部分
第4页：TEXT 3：1---7 DDDACBA
第二部分
是非判断专项训练试题：
A篇：1---2 AB B篇：1---5 CCDAA
因果推断专项训练试题：
A篇：1. 答案为B。因果推断题。根据Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business. Without a good manager, a performer can never hope to succeed .我们可以知道，正因为这个行业竞争激烈，所以表演者需要一个好的经纪人。帮助演员策划和安排商业表演活动，协助他的演艺事业的发展。故B项正确。
2. 答案为D。因果推断题。Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. 一个成名演员要更加努力地工作，直接原因文中已有论述，即，表演行业是个竞争十分激烈的行业，新人不断涌现，对成名演员造成很大的压力。那么间接原因是什么？通过前面的分析我们可以推断出成名演员更加买力地工作，是因为他要保持他的名气，延长他的艺术生命。
B篇：3. 此题为因果推断题。根据“Sir, we want nothing, " said the innkeeper. “But will you tell us something " 可以看出来，这个店老板问拿破仑这个问题是出于好奇。他想知道作为将军的拿破仑与普通人到底有什么区别。故答案为A。
4. 因果推断题。从最后一句话“Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don't you " 可以看出拿破仑并不想杀这个店老板，他这样做的目的是想让他体验一下他当时的感受。故可推出面对危险像拿破仑这样的将军与普通人没有什么两样。故答案为D。
C篇：5---7 CCB
指代判断训练试题：BC
重述内容：DC
数据推算：March 6；Frenchman
热身练习：1. B 2. C 3. B
专项训练试题：1. A 2. C 3. C
4. （1）D （2）C （3）C （4）D
5. 问题(1)要求回答美国国旗图案自1777年以来变化了几次。回答这样的题目须把文中所有提及1777以年来美国国旗变更次数的关键词语划出：1795; July 4,1818; since 1912; a year earlier the 49th;July 4,1960；文中似乎只提及5处, 但是文内又提到1818年时为20颗星, 以后每加入一个州增加一颗星。从文中又可看出1912年增加的是第47和48颗星,从第20颗星到47颗星之间必然还有若干次变动, 因此答案应为D。
问题(2)提问的是1912年7月4日以前的情况。由于新墨西哥和亚里桑那于1912年7月4日加入联邦, 国旗上星的数目增至48颗。因此。1912年7月4日以前国旗上的星数应为46颗。正确答案为C。
问题(3)的答案为A。 其根据为了The 50th star had been added for Hawaii, a year earlier the 49th, for A1aska.
问题(4)的答案为D。 其根据是symbolizing the l3 original states.
顺序排列：热身练习：1. C 2. A
排列顺序训练试题：
A篇---A； B篇----C； C篇----B； D篇---C
图形示意：
专项训练试题：1.C 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A
基本阅读方法
A先阅读试题，找出题目的关键词（名词/形容词/动词/时间、地点、生词等）；
⑤数据推算
①是非判断
细节理解考题基本类型
②因果判断
④重述内容
③指代判断
正确选项特点
B带着问题和关键词去原文中寻找相关信息，并划出与相关信息有关的句子；
C认真审读该句子，再联系选项，判断选择与“该句子”有最密切联系的答案。
⑥顺序排列
合理性
⑦图形示意
接近性
等同性
关联性
以假乱真
偷梁换柱
干扰选项特点
确定答案
张冠李戴
以偏概全
断章取义
过度引申
阅读心理素质
细心
耐心
恒心
信心
eq \o\ac(○,速) eq \o\ac(○,度)也很重要喔！
选项对原句细微处做改动，如：改动了几个小词，或只是截取原文词语或改变部分句子结构，使得意思和原文不相符。
选项只是片面的、次要的信息，不能完全回答问题，或部分正确内容，部分错误等。
选项表达的内容过度推理，超出文章的范围；或虽可由文章推出，却超出文章范围（夸大或缩小）。
选项混淆是非、颠倒黑白；正反倒置、因果倒置；或是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容等。
。
选项使用文章中出现的词语或类似的结构仿造，迷惑考生；或利用生活常识编造选项。（符合常识，但不是文章内容）
选项将细节信息中的范围、程度、语义色彩等改变，造成意思的变化，最终导致表达的意思与原文不符。
正确答案应与文中的细节一一对应，不偏不倚，只是使用不同的词汇、结构而表达同一意思；答案与信息完全一致。
正确选项的信息应至少约等于原文中某句的信息。
正确答案应体现中心思想,至少要与原文的细节、主旨有关联。
正确的选项用不同的词语或句型进行语义上的转换后，信息内容应当与原文有关细节相一致，合情合理。
表达相同的意思
真正考验细心信心耐心恒心的时候来了！！！
1
细节理解指导与训练 第17页 （共16页）
细节理解指导与训练
★备考说明：
1. 获取信息是我们阅读最基本的目的，是我们必须掌握的阅读技能之一（表层理解）；
2. 细节理解是考查考生获取信息能力的重要手段，也是英语高考阅读理解考查最重要的考点之一（一般占阅读理解题的40%以上）；
3. 细节理解题属简单或中等难度、容易得分的阅读理解试题。（按高考命题要求，中等难度的题目占大多数。）
★细节理解指导要点：
★热身试题：（下面这篇细节理解阅读试题，真正考验你的细心、信心、耐心、恒心！！！）
This is really a very fast game, the fastest I have ever seen, so far this year. Both sides are fighting for the ball all the time. The crowd is loving every minute of it. They’re shouting at the top of their voices. Wills has the ball now. He passes the ball to Cotton. Cotton kicks it over the heads of the waiting Frenchman（4）, towards the goal-mouth. But he’s too far away.（1）Dopont picks it up easily and throws it to Patou, out on the left.
France and Scotland still have one goal each（5）and there are only two minutes left of the game. But in that time, anything can happen. Patou picks the ball across to Crozat. It’s a beautiful kick, but Stevens jumps and stops the ball with the side of his head. But Meunier is there. He passes the ball to Crozat, and he, without waiting a second, puts the ball into the goal-mouth（2/3）. It takes everybody by surprise. Then the game is over.
1．Cotton can’t kick the ball into the goal-mouth because________. (因果判断)
A. Patou stops the ball. B. Dopont picks the ball up easily
C. the ball is too far from him D. he’s anything but a good player.
2．The right order of the goal in the last two minutes is _________. (顺序排列)
a. Patou kicks b. Crozat gets c. Stevens stops d. Meunier passes
e. Crozat goals g. Crozat passes. h. Meunier goals
A. a-b-c-d-e B. a-c-d-e C. a-b-c-g-h D. a-c-g-h
3．Stevens jumps and _________________. (重述内容)
A. falls on the side of his head B. kicks the ball beautifully
C. passes the ball to Crozat D. prevents the ball being kicked to Crozat.
4．_______________ are in the same team. (总结内容)
A. Crozat, Patou, Meunier and Dopont B. Cotton, Patou, Dopont and Wills
C. Stevens, Cotton, Meunier and Crozat D. Stevens, Patou, Meunier and Crozat
5．The final score of the football match is __________. (数据推算)
A. France 1:0 Scotland B. France 1:1 Scotland
C. France 2:1 Scotland D. France 1:2 Scotland
第一部分 做细节理解试题的阅读方法
★细节是文章中叙述、说明或论证主题的事实依据与信息。
细节理解只是对文章“表层含义”的理解，问题的设计常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问或用与此相类似的词填空等。
★细节理解答案的依据：
一般可以从原文中的某个词语、某个句子或某几个句子中就可直接找到明确的答案（因此可以说实际上是“句义理解”）。需要注意的是, 这些答案的表述常常不是采用文章中的原话, 而是使用同义的词语或句型替换。此外，有的题目需要通篇考虑，经过比较、归纳、总结后才能确定答案。
★阅读方法与技巧：
建议你解题时按下列提示去做：
1. 可以先阅读试题，认真审题, 弄清题的具体要求，看清问题提问的究竟是什么，找出关键词。
2. 带着你要回答的问题和要找的关键词去读文章。在阅读过程中跳过那些与试题无关的细节，而直接找与答题内容相关的关键词或短语，并把与题目内容相关的、跟答案有直接联系的个或几个句子划出来。
3. 结合选项，仔细斟酌辨别划出的句子，以文章的所叙述的内容为依据，一一比对，确定答案。
4. 注意要看完四个选项后再确定答案，而千万不要认为某个答案正确而根本不看其它选项。因为：某个答案可能正确但并非最佳或并不能全面回答问题。
5. 注意文章的结构安排, 注意挖掘文章的主题句，注意段与段, 细节与细节之间的关系。
这样做的目的是帮助你对各细节在文章的大致位置做到心中有数，而避免对一些具体细节在答题时又需花许多时间回头去找，避免从头到尾再读一遍文章。
说明主题的细节通常采取以下几种方式排列：
A. 简单列举；B. 按事件重要性排列；C. 时间顺序；D. 空间关系；E. 因果关系；F. 对比关系。
● 总之，做细节题时要将自己精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速通篇跳读，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z形扫视，直到找到细节出处，待找到含细节内容时，就要放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至确定答案。
★试题分析：
TEXT 1. Stealing salt was considered a major crime during some eras of history. In the 18th century, for instance, if a person was caught stealing salt, he could be put in jail. History records that about ten thousand people were put in jail during that century for stealing salt. About 150 years before, in the year 1553, taking more salt than one mouth was entitled to be punished as a crime. The offender's ear was cut off.
Salt was an important item on the table of royalty. It was traditionally placed in front of the king when he sat down to eat. Important guests at the king's table were seated near the salt. Less important guests were given seats away from it.
Question: In the 18th century if a person stole salt, he might be ______.
A. killed B. imprisoned C. fined D. caught
解释: 要找的关键词为In the 18th century或a person stole salt，对应的答案相关句子为划线部分。
选项使用原文的同义词语，即和原文相关句的句子结构一致，但换了意思相同的几个词。答案为B.
TEXT 2. （数字①—⑤表示解答该试题的文章内容线索。）
Benin
Benin is one of the smallest African states. It Lies in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea, to the south of Burkina Faso and Niger, between Togo on the west and Nigeria on the east.（①）
Benin used to be called Dahomey（⑤） and was controlled and ruled by France from 1893 to 1960（②）, when it became independent（③）. In 1963 the army general Soglo overthrew the first president Maga. Soglo set up an army government and called himself head of state in 1965, but was overthrown and replaced by a civilian government in 1967. In December 1969 Benin had another change of power with the army again taking over. In May 1970, Maga and two other men set up a new government, with each of them acting as president in turn for two years. However, half a year after Maga turned over power to the second man Ahomadegbe, the three-man government was overthrown by the army once more and General Kerekou became president. In November 1975 Kerekou changed the name of the nation from Dahomey to Benin, Benin being the name of a 17th century kingdom （⑤）covering the same place. Kerekou also announced that Benin would be a People’s Republic based on Marxism-Leninism（③）.
1. Which of the following maps shows rightly the positions of Benin and its neighboring countries (Bn=Benin; Tg=Togo; Nr=Niger; BF=Burkina Faso; Na=Nigeria; GG=Gulf of Guinea) （图形示意）
2. For how long was Benin under France （数据推算）
A. For over a century B. For roughly a century
C. For over half a century D. Under half a century
3. For how long was Benin an independent state before it became a People’s Republic （数据推算）
A. 15 years B. 25 years C. 20 years D. 30 years
4. Choose the right order in which the following people ruled in Benin. （顺序排列）
(Ah=Ahomadegbe; Ke=Kerekou; Ma=Maga; So=Soglo)
A. So, Ma, Ah, Ma, Ke B. Ma, So, Ma, Ke, Ah C. So, Ma, Ke, Ma, Ah D. Ma, So, Ma, Ah, Ke
5. When and how did Benin get its two names---Benin and Dahomey （重述内容）
A. Dahomey was its oldest name, but it has been replaced by Benin.
B. Benin was its oldest name. The name Dahomey was used later, but has been replaced by Benin again.
C. Dahomey was its oldest name. The name Benin was used later, but has been replaced by Dahomey again.
D. Benin was its oldest name, but it has been replaced by Dahomey.
（特别提醒：对于在阅读过程中遇到的生词，我们可以“视而不见”或只了解大意即可。）
解题分析：
第1小题：从It Lies in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea, to the south of Burkina Faso and Niger, between Togo on the west and Nigeria on the east.（在西非Guinea海湾边、Burkina Faso的南面、Niger和Togo之间，其中Niger在西面、Nigeria 在东面），可知道答案为C。答案项使用图形的方式考查考生对原文内容事实的重新理解。
第2小题：from 1893 to 1960，即：67年。答案为C。 答案项是对原文数据的加减换算。
第3小题：1960, when it became independent；In November 1975 …announced that Benin would be a People’s Republic可知答案为A。答案项是对原文数据的加减换算。
第4小题：the first president Maga，可排除答案AC；In November 1975 Kerekou changed the name of the nation，可知道其为最后。答案为D。请参考原文划黑线的名字的先后顺序。答案项是对原文叙述的归纳对比。
第5小题：In November 1975 Kerekou changed the name of the nation from Dahomey to Benin, Benin being the name of a 17th century kingdom 和Benin used to be called Dahomey可知：答案为B。答案项是对原文事实的归纳。
TEXT 3 （请根据划线的句子和题号提示，完成下列各小题。）
Santa Fe, the capital of New Mexico, U. S. A., is in the central part of the state①, on the Santa Fe River, which flows into the Rio Grande 35 kilometres west of the city. More than two thousand meters above sea level, it lies in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains with the Ortiz Mountains to southeast.②
Santa Fe was founded in 1609 by the Spanish on an old Indian village. In 1680 the Indian seized the place but only held it for twelve years before the Spanish retook it.④ The city remained under Spanish rule until Mexico won its independence in 1821. From then on it was a Mexican city until 1846 when it was taken over by U. S. troops.③④
With a population of 48, 953, Santa Fe is now the second largest city in the state. Because of its sunny weather, rich history and surrounding mountains, it is a good place for holiday makers.⑥⑦ Besides hunting and skating in the mountains people enjoy shopping in the Indian and Spanish shops, which brings a large income to the city every year. In summer there is an international opera (歌剧) season⑤ when operas are shown in a partly-roofed, open-air theatre daily for people from all over the world.
1. At present Santa Fe belongs to ________________.
A. India B. Mexico C. Spain D. the United States.
2. Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what Santa Fe is like
RG = the Rio Grande SFR= the Santa Fe River OM = the Ortiz Mountains
3. Santa Fe was under the rule of the Mexicans in ____________________.
A. 1657 B. 1695 C. 1816 D. 1833
4. The people who held Santa Fe for the longest period in history were the __________.
A. Spanish B. Indians C. Mexicans D. Americans
5. What is of special interest to people who visit Santa Fe in summer
A. Hunting B. Fishing C. Watching operas D. Doing shopping
6. Santa Fe is best described as a __________.
A. trade centre B. holiday centre C. home for all nations D. seaport city
7. One of the reasons for visitors to come to Santa Fe is that it _____________.
A. has fine weather B. is the state capital C. has historical monuments D. is on the Santa Fe River 第二部分 考题基本类型指导与训练
一、是非判断
★常见提问（出题）形式：三正一误（三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容） 或三误一正（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容）。如：
Which of the following (statements) is true/false Which of the following is true except… Which of the following is not mentioned… Which of the following is NOT true Which of the following is mentioned except…
★解题方法：
A. 在阅读试题时，首先浏览题目所提供的四种选项。若各选项的表达针对同一内容，则要注意找出各个选项之间的差异（如：全面与片面、准确与含糊、表达的程度高低等），弄清了这些差异之后，再带着问题去原文中核实文章的实际内容。
B. 若各个选项陈述的内容不一致，“各自为政”，则要根据题干或选项中的提供的线索逐个回读原文，找到相关句，最后确定答案。
C. 注意表达上的“绝对化”，这些选项通常不是正选答案。“绝对化”的表达形式主要有：表示绝对、过度、最高级意义的字眼，如：least(最不)等；表示惟一性的词汇，如：only, unique等等。
例如：
American doctors say that mothers who smoke before their babies are born may slow the growth of their babies’ lungs. They say reduced lung growth could cause the babies to suffer breathing problems and lung diseases later in life. Doctors in Boston, Massachusetts studied 1,100 children. The mothers of some of the children smoked, the other mothers did not. Doctors found that the lungs of the children whose mothers smoked were 8% less developed than the lungs of the children whose mothers did not smoke, and that the children whose mothers smoked developed 20% more cold and breathing diseases than other children later in life.
Another recent study found that children had a greater chance of developing lung cancer if their mothers smoked. The study also showed that the danger of lung cancer increased only for sons and not for daughters, and that the father’s smoking did not affect a child’s chance of developing lung cancer.
1. Which of the following is true, according to American doctors’ opinion
A. If a will-be mother smokes, her baby is likely to have breathing problems.
B. If a will-be mother smokes, the lung of her baby will be undeveloped.
C. Reduced lung growth will cause the babies to suffer lung diseases when they are born.
D. Reduced lung growth will cause the babies to suffer lung cancer when they are born.
2. Suppose John’s father was a heavy smoker, so was Mary’s mother. According to a recent study from the text, which of the following statements is true
A. John is more likely to develop lung cancer
B. Mary is more likely to develop lung cancer
C. John and Mary have the same chance to develop lung cancer
D. Neither John nor Mary has more chance to develop lung cancer than other children.
解题分析：
1. 根据第一段内容，母亲抽烟与子女是否有呼吸问题、肺病甚至肺癌的关系只是“may”、“could”而已，所以正确答案为A。
2. 从第二段内容：Another recent study found that children had a greater chance of developing lung cancer if their mothers smoked. The study also showed that the danger of lung cancer increased only for sons and not for daughters, and that the father’s smoking did not affect a child’s chance of developing lung cancer. 即：妈妈抽烟影响女儿；爸爸抽烟不影响任何子女。Mary为女孩儿，John为男孩儿，正确答案D.
★是非判断专项训练试题： A
The best way to improve your reading ability is, of course, to read. The student must make a real effort to improve his speed, and if necessary his comprehension（理解）, with each exercise. Too many students read passages passively and without judgment: they simply start at the first word and read through to the end. You should read a passage actively, selectively and purposely. You must believe that you indeed have the ability to read faster and understand more, and that you will. Reading, like everything else in life, is best done when you're relaxed. The key to improve it is concentration. You must be willing to break some old habits and form new ones. Extra body movement, such as turning the head from side to side, pointing at the line with a finger or pencil, or moving the lips, should be stopped immediately. Reading is mostly a mental process and body movement helps neither speed nor comprehension. Then you should see words as part of a whole sentence or paragraph, not just in isolation. This is why a slow, word-by-word student often understand far less, or miss much of the joy and excitement of reading.
1. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. When reading, you should pay attention to the basic unit of meaning, that is, a phrase or sentence that contains an idea.
B. When reading, you'd better point at the line with a pencil.
C. Body movement will help you to improve reading.
D. When reading, you should turn your head from side to side.
2．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true
A. You can do best work when you're relaxed.
B. It doesn't matter moving your lips when you read.
C. Reading skills must be practiced not only within the classroom but also at home.
D. Reading attentively can improve your reading ability.
B
Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want if the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly（迅速地）produces it, and the business of trying it on proceeds（继续进行）at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone's satisfaction. For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute（替代）bluntly（生硬地，真率地）; he does so with skill and polish; “I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size. It happens to be the colour you mentioned. ”Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response（回答）is, “This is the right colour and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on.”Now how does a woman go about buying clothes In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a took round”. She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the lockout（封闭工厂）for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail（围栏）to another, to and fro（来来回回）, often retracing（折回）her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious（艰苦的）process, but apparently an enjoyable one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.
1. Which of the following is true when a man is buying clothes
A. he buys cheap things, regardless of quality
B. he chooses things that others recommend
C. he does not mind how much he has to pay for the right things
D. he buys good quality things, so long as they are not too dear
2. Which of the following is true EXCEPT…
A. Men make sure a thing fits before they buy it.
B. A man usually does not buy anything when he cannot get exactly what he wants.
C. So long as the style is right, a man buys the thing.
D. Men seldom try clothes on in a shop.
3. Which of the following points makes a good salesman according the text above
A. treating his customers sharply B. always having in stock just what you want
C. not wasting his time on difficult customers
D. selling something a customer does not particularly want
4. As for women shoppers for clothes, which of the following is true
A. They welcome suggestions from anyone.
B. Women rarely consider buying cheap clothes.
C. Women often buy things without giving the matter proper thought.
D. They listen to advice but never take it.
5. Which of the following differences between men and women shoppers is NOT mentioned in the text
A. The fact that men buy less than women when shopping.
B. Women bargain for their clothes, but men do not.
C. Women stand up to shop, but men sit down.
D. The time they take over buying clothes.
二、因果判断
（包含“因果推理”-------逻辑推理类型）
★解题指导：
A 要注意观察文章中使用的表示因果关系的信息词，如：
1)表示因果关系的名词：result, reason, cause…;
2)表示因果关系的动词：result in(结果)，result from(由于)，base…on…(以…为基础)，be due to (由于)，that’s why…….；
3)表示因果关系的连词或介词：because (of), for, (for that) reason, as, since, as a result ( of), why….;
4)表示因果关系的副词；as a result, therefore, consequently等
B 要注意辨别前后事件发生的逻辑关系：是原因还是结果。（此时，要进行因果推理。）
除了上述原文有因果关系提示词的显性原因考点之外，隐性原因(两个句子之间为因果关系，但无有关提示词)也是常见考点。
C 在做寻找事物原因的题目时，有几点要特别注意。
1. 问的是主要原因或真正原因，而命题人员总把一些次要的，非直接的，非根本的原因放进选项。由于这些次要的原因也是文章中提到的，因此考生如不仔细，往往会把次要原因当作答案。这就告诉我们，做这类题目，首先要注意问题中的the main／chief／real cause (reason，factor) 这些词，提醒自己，问题问的是主要原因。然后分析事物的诸多的原因，理出最主要的，直接的，根本的原因。
2. 问的是事物的原因，但出现在选项里的还有事物的后果、影响。由子这些后果、影响和原因一样，都是指一件事，且都出现在同一相关段，或相关句中，稍不留心，就会搞错。这就告诉我们，做寻找原因的题目时，对文章所说的事物的原因、结果、影响，应理清它们之间的逻辑关系。不要错把结果当原因。
【例题】
When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,“Are you single " “Why, yes." I answered, smiling at her happily.
“So is my mother." she said, “Would you like to meet her "
1. The writer talked about the waitress' age because he thought___________.
A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her
C. she was beautiful. D. it strange for her to fall in love with him
2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because___________.
A. she lived near his house. B. he often went to visit her mother
C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much
【解析】这是两道推测原因的题目。女服务员每天向作者示好，作者产生误解，以为女孩对他有意。考虑到他们年龄相差悬殊，作者认为女孩爱上他有点奇怪。故第1题答案是D。女孩问作者是否单身，并提到她母亲也是单身，并邀请他与她母亲见面，可见，女孩每天向他问好，目的是想取得他的好感，进而搓和他和她母亲。第2题答案是C。
★因果判断专项训练试题： A
The entertainment profession or “show business" attracts many young people. Unfortunately, only very few can hope to become famous and successful. Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business .Without a good manager ,a performer can never hope to succeed .Fashion is important in this business, too. The best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes old-fashioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must change his “act” in order to follow the taste of the moment. This is true for actors, dancers and comedians ,but perhaps most of all singers.
“Pop" stands for “popular" and a pop singer has to work very hard to become popular .He must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he can not relax. Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. The life of a successful pop singer is not at all easy. He can only relax when he is alone, because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the “fans”. The fans are the most important people in the world for the singers. They buy his records, they go to his concerts and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very annoying, too. Sometimes their enthusiasm get so hysterical that they do anything to get a“souvenir"（纪念品）. They steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singer's hair. Many singers have been forced to hide. A pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart or at any rate different. He must have a luxurious car. And — most important — he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public.
1. Why must a pop singer have a good manager ___________.
A. To protect him from his fans B. To look after his business interests
C. To help him to change his “act". D. So that he can relax
2. Why must a pop singer work even harder when he has become famous ___________
A. Because he wants to attract the attention of the public. B. Because he wants to sell more records
C. Because he wants to become popular D. Because he wants to stay popular
B
Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn. The next morning, he went to thank the innkeeper.“You, have served me well, innkeeper, " said Napoleon. “I wish to reward you. Tell me what you want."
“Sir, we want nothing, " said the innkeeper.“But will you tell us something "“What is it " Napoleon asked.
“We have heard a story." said the innkeeper, “that once during the war, a small village was taken by the Russians. You happened to be in the village. You hid while they looked for you. Will you tell us how you felt when they were looking for you " Napoleon looked very angry. He called in two of his soldiers. Then he pointed to the door. The soldiers took the innkeeper and his wife out into the yard.
At the end of the yard was a wall. The innkeeper and his wife were led to the wall. The soldiers tied the hands of the innkeeper and his wife. Napoleon watched, saying nothing.
“Please, sir." begged the innkeeper, “Don't kill us! we meant nothing!" The soldiers moved back. The innkeeper saw them raising their guns. Then Napoleon called:“Ready! Aim!" The wife screamed. “Stop!" said Napoleon. He went to the innkeeper, “Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don't you "
3. Why did the innkeeper ask Napoleon to tell him how Napoleon felt when he was being looked for
A. He wanted to know the difference between a general and an ordinary people.
B. He looked down upon Napoleon, for he thought a great man shouldn't be defeated.
C. He showed his sympathy (同情) to Napoleon in time of danger.
D. He was interested in other's failure, especially Napoleon's.
4. Why did Napoleon ordered his men to tie the couple
A. Because he wanted to teach the innkeeper a good lesson for bothering him.
B. Because he wanted to kill the couple to get rid of his anger.
C. Because he wanted to show that he was so admiring a general that nobody could upset him.
D. Because he wanted to made the innkeeper know that a general like him had the same feeling as the ordinary people in face of danger.
C
The Doctor’s Call
There was ice on the road, and the doctor’s car hit a tree and turned over three times. To his surprise, he was not hurt. He got out of the car and walked to the nearest house. He wanted to telephone the garage for help. The door was opened by one of his patients.
“Oh, Doctor.” she said, “I have only just telephoned you. You must have a very fast car. You have got here very quickly indeed. There has been a very bad accident in the road outside. I saw it through the window. I am sure the driver will need your help.”
5. Which of the following was the cause of the accident
A. Careless driving. B. A tree had fallen across the road.
C. A slippery (滑) road. D. There was a thick fog.
6. The doctor went to the house because__________.
A. he knew one of his patients lived there. B. he had received a call to go there.
C he wanted to use the telephone. D. he was injured and could walk no further.
7. Why did the woman patient telephone the doctor
A. She needed medical treatment.
B. She believed somebody else needed a doctor.
C. To ask how quickly the doctor could come.
D. To ask whether the doctor was coming on his regular visit.
三、指代判断
（★说明：“指代判断”在《生词的处理与猜测词义》中已经涉及。）
★指代是作者为了使文字简练、结构匀称、衔接自然，避免重复罗嗦，而通过“替代词”替代上下文的某一词语或对象，把上下文的语意连接起来的一种手段。常见的替代词有：
代词： he she it they…; this that those these …; one ones some other…; the former, the latter , the same…; who which…
副词： here there then so… 动词： do, do so, do it, do that…等等。
● 替代词替代的部分可能是一个单词、一个词组，也可能是一个短语、一个句子，甚至一个段落等。同时，指代不仅可以指代前面已经出现的内容，也可以指代后面即将出现的内容。
★提问方式:阅读理解考试题中，有的题目考查的内容就是要你判断某一替代词替代的是什么。提问的方式常常是：The word “it”in the second paragraph refers to ________.
In line 3, the word “one” could best be replaced by ________.
★解题指导:
通常, 只要我们能正确理解文段的内容，就可根据上下文的句子结构、主谓一致关系以及上下文之间的语义关系和逻辑关系等来确定所指代的内容。同时，注意以下几个要点：
A. 注意指代条件:
it，they，one，that，this都有自己的指代条件，如单数，复数，可数，不可数，先行词的远近(先行词一般紧靠着代词。也就是说代词前面有几个可指代的词或词组同时出现，最靠近可能性最大)。它要求对代词所在句以及紧邻几个句子的结构和意思都要有准确的理解。
B. 注意文章意思: 如果代词周围有好几个名词或词组，而且都符合指代条件，这就要分析哪一选项符合文章意思。
C. 注意搭配意思:把四个选项试着代入原文，看哪一项符合搭配意思，包括句子的语法意义和逻辑意义。
D. 注意综合考虑: 综合注意指代条件，文章意思和搭配意思。
例：
1. The basketball team never lacked vociferous（大叫大喊的）young supporters, but they rarely responded to this show of enthusiasm. Question: Who seldom reacted to that enthusiastic show
A. The young people B. The players C. Some people D. A lot of people
文中的划线字they若是指高声呼叫的支持者, 则与后面的意思（对这种热情很少作出响应）不合。因为the basketball team和 players；seldom reacted 和rarely responded是两对同义关系的词语，而“they”又与basketball team有参照关系，所以答案应该是B。
2. Scott Fitzgerald, who first introduced him to a publisher, was one of the few contemporary writers that Hemingway did not turn against.
文中划线字him若指的是主语Scot Fitzgerald, 则应该用反身代词himself, 而不能用him, 因此, 这里指后文的Hemingway。
★指代判断训练试题：
Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership(伙伴关系)which does good to both of them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep. Tins is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites(寄生虫)on sheep. The sheep allow the birds to do so because they remove the cause of discomfort. So although they can manage without each other, they do better together.
The underlined word "they" in the last sentence of the fast paragraph refers to ___.
A. birds and parasites B. birds and sheep C. parasites and sheep D. sheep, birds and parasites.
After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery; they must try to recover the money they have spent. To do this, they raise costs for all their patients, not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment.
"To do this" means ______.
A. to help patients recover
B. to increase the number of heart surgeries
C. to get back the money spent on the equipment
D. to buy new equipment for the treatment. of heart disease
四、重述内容
★“重述内容”要求对文章的相关细节内容进行判断：是否与文中的内容一致？是否与文中的内容相符？所以正确的答案选项可能表达或表现形式不同，但必定与文中所叙述的内容、意思一致或相同。它跟我们做的“句型转换”题相差无几。可以说是对文章内容的“改写、复述、总结”。实际上，细节理解的各项考题类型都可统称为“重述内容”。
例如：句子理解（从短文中挑选出来的句子）
(1) The level of air pollution in Milan is twice as high as the levels in Paris and Beijing and three times those in Tokyo and London, and four times that in New York. [Question]:
Which of the following shows the right level of air pollution in each of the following cities
A. Milan>New York>Tokyo>Paris B. Milan
(2) Chicago is a great inland port (内河港口). It can send goods by ocean-going ships all the way to Europe---via (经过) the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Seaway. It can send goods by barge (驳船), through waterway and canals, to the Mississippi and down it to the Gulf of Mexico.
[Question]:
If we carry goods to Chicago from Mexico, we probably go through_______.
A. the Gulf of Mexico------Mississippi-----canals-------waterway-----Chicago
B. the Gulf of Mexiao------Mississippi-----the Great Lakes------------Chicago
C. the Gulf of Mexico---Mississippi--the Saint Lawrence Seaway--The Great Lakes—Chicago
D. waterway----canals----Mississippi----the Gulf of Mexico------Chicago
五、数据推算
★数据推算考查考生获取短文数据细节并根据要求推算到具体数字的能力。
★解题指导：
要准确推算出考题设计的答案数据，首先必须能够从短文中找出和识别相关的表示数量或与数量有关的信息词和句子，然后再结合有关数量的表示方法（如：倍数、半数、折扣等；）进行推算，有时需要结合常识（节日的固定日期等）、进行特别的计算方能得出答案。应用文中，还要注意识别特殊的格式日期信息 (如：信件、日记、新闻等)。
在推算的过程中，得到答案的关键常常不在于数据与计算本身，而在于弄清数据之间或数据与文中其他信息之间的逻辑关系，特别要注意题目设计的计算条件！
请你简单归纳复习一些基数词和序数词、与数据有关的词汇。
例: The day after tomorrow, on Women’s Day, I’ll go back to Paris and be with my parents。
根据这个句子你能回答：“Today is___(几月几日). “I am a ___(哪里人)吗？
★热身练习：
1. The film (The Gold Rush) was set in California in the middle of the nineteenth century.
[Question]: The story of “The Gold Rush” happened in the_______.
A. 1750s B. 1850s C. 1950s D. 1890s
2. There are 1200 students in our school. Among them, six students out of ten are interested in English. [Question]: ________ students in our school like English.
A. 600 B. 480 C. 720 D. 840
对于比较复杂的数据推算，我们可以使用类似“数学数轴”的“时间数轴”把短文中的数据标记出来，这样便于提取数字信息，理清数字关系。例如：
3. Welcome aboard the Luxury Cruise bus to Dallas, Rouge and Atlanta. We’ll arrive in Dallas at 1:45 this afternoon. There will be a fifteen-minute rest stop at that time. We will give a thirty-minute dinner stop in Rouge at 6:45 for those of you who are going to Atlanta. We should arrive in Atlanta at 1:15 tomorrow morning. Please remember the number of your bus. [Question]: It’ll take the passengers ______ hours to go to Atlanta from the city of Rouge.
A. 5 B. 6 C. 17 D. 18
★数据推算专项练习题：
1. Shanghai now has more than two million people over the age of 60. They account for about 15 percent of the city’s total population. From the passage we know the population in Shanghai is more than ______ million. A. 13 B. 15 C. 40 D. 100
2. “A crowded school bus smashed into a steel railing (栏杆), killing 30 children and 3 teachers,” a reporter said yesterday, “36 children were injured, and half were hospitalized in satisfactory condition.”
From the report, we know the number of the passengers in the school bus suffered from the accident was _____. A. 33 B. 66 C. 69 D. 87
3. “The day before yesterday, that is, on the Teachers’ Day, I went to visit the Great Wall. And the day after tomorrow I’ll go to the Summer Palace for a visit.” Jim told me about his journey.
From the Jim’s words, we know Jim went to the Great Wall on ______and he’ll go to the Summer Palace on ______.
A. Sep. 7; Sep. 10 B. Sep. 10; Sep. 13 C. Sep.10; Sep.14 D. Sep. 13; Sep. 16
4. Heathrow is still the largest airport in Britain and one of the largest in the world with its capacity (载容量) of 30 million passengers a year. But latest figures from the authority (权威) show that passenger traffic last month at Gatwick grew four times faster than Heathrow compared with the same month last year. More than 2.2 million passengers used Heathrow last month, 7 percent up on the previous May. In comparison, 687,700 passengers used Gatwick, a rise of 26 percent on the same month last year.
（1）This article was written in ________. A. April B. May C. June D. July
（2）About_____ passengers used Heathrow airport per month.
A. 30 million B. 3 million C. 2.5 million D. 2.2 million
（3） Heathrow’s capacity for last May was about _______.
A. 2.2 million B. 2.354 million C. 2.056 million D. below 2 million
（4）About _______ passengers used Gatwick airport last May.
A. 68770 B. above 68700 C. 1/4 of 687,700 D. 4/5 of 687,700
5. The Flag of the U. S. ------ The Stars and Stripes The history of the flag of the U. S. has become so cluttered by myth that hardly any facts can be established. One thing all agree on is that the Stars and Stripes originated as the result of a resolution adopted by Congress June 14, 1777. It read:
Resolved: that the flag of the United States be thirteen stripes, alternated red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation.
The flag of 1777 was used until 1795. Then, on the admission of Vermont and Kentucky to the Union, Congress passed an act that after May 1, 1795, the flag should have 15 stripes and 15 stars.
When new states were admitted it became evident that the flag would become burdened with stripes. Congress thereupon ordered that after July 4, 1818, the flag should have 13 stripes, symbolizing the 13 original states; that the union have 20 stars, and that when ever a new state was admitted a new star should be added on the July 4 following the admission.
The 50-star flag of the United States was raised for the first time officially on July 4,1960, at Fort McHenry in Baltimore. The 50th star had been added for Hawaii, a year earlier the 49th, for Alaska. Before that, no star had been added since 1912, when New Mexico and Arizona were admitted to the Union.
(1) Since 1777, the U. S. Flag has changed its design _____.
A. twice B. 3 times C. 5 times D. more than 5 times
(2) In 1912, before July 4, the U. S. flag had _____.
A. 15 stars B. 20 stars C. 46 stars D. 48 stars
(3) The 49th and 50th states to join the U.S.A. were, in their correct order, _____.
A. Alaska and Hawaii. B. Hawaii and Alaska
C. New Mexico and Arizona D. Arizona and New Mexico
(4) Congress decided in 1818 that the U. S. flag should have 13 stripes because ______.
A. since 1777 it had always had 13 stripes.
B. since 1777 it had always had more than 13 stripes.
C. in 1818 there were only 13 states in the Union of the U. S. A.
D. at the founding of the Union of the U. S. A. there had been only 13 states.
六、顺序排列
★“顺序排列”题要求对文章提到的一系列事件、步骤、程序等按先后顺序或其他要求重新排列。在做顺序排列题时，要注意先按时间、空间或操作顺序罗列出各种信息，弄清各种信息之间的逻辑关系后再确定选项。
★解题方法：
A 排除法：通过快速阅读，确定某环节必为最先发生或最后发生，或者通过确定某两个环节必定先后发生，进而对选项进行排除。
B 逻辑推理法：利用自己掌握的常识对要排列事件作出必要的补充或假设，按事件发生的时间先后顺序排列，最后通过短文核对确认<切记!>。生活常识只是更好地更快地帮助我们理解和回答问题。但不能只凭它下结论。
●要特别注意：有的文章采用倒叙的方法记述事件过程。
★热身练习：
1. When a living creature dies，it usually decays (腐烂)or is eaten by animals. However，if it sinks into a riverbed (河床) or is quickly covered by the blowing sands of a desert storm，the bones are kept up in the earth. Over many years the soft inner parts of a bone disappear，leaving the inside hollow (空的). Water containing mineral enters into the hollow. Slowly the mineral hardens and makes the bone hard and heavy, like stone. This is how a fossil (化石) formed.
In which order are fossils formed
a. A living thing sinks into a riverbed or sands.
b. Water goes into a bone hollow together with mineral.
c. Something soft in a bone disappears.
d. The hardened mineral makes the bone hard.
e. The bone becomes hollow inside.
A. a b c d e B. c a b e d C. a c e b d D. e c d b a
2. People in the Middle East use a special pot for holding drinking water. This pot allows water to be slowly absorbed by the clay (粘土). As the absorbed water reaches the outer surface of the pot, it evaporates (蒸发)quickly because of the dry air. Because evaporation water absorbs heat from their surroundings, evaporation acts as a cooling process. This process, in turn, cools the pot. The pot then cools the water held in the pot. Thus, we have an “air-powered cooler”; the clay also absorbs some of the dirt it the water, thus making it taste purer.
This type of pot has various shapes in different parts of the Middle East. The “zeer” in Egypt comes to a point at the bottom. Since it does not have a flat bottom, it is usually supported in wooden or metal holder. The water that has reached the surface of the pot runs down the sides of the pot and drips (滴) off the pointed bottom.
Which is the right order for showing how the zeer works as a water cooler
a. The clay cools b. Water goes through the clay and reaches the outer surface
c. The pot cools d. The water cools e. Water evaporates to the air around it
f. The evaporating water absorbs the heat around it
A. b, e, f, a, c, d B. f, a, b, e, d, c C. b, e, f, a, d, c D. f, a, b, d, c, e
简要说明：应注意原文的叙述方式与选项表达的不同，要进行适当的推理才能判断出正确选项.
★排列顺序训练试题：
A
Fei Xiang, whose English name is Kris Phillips, is a Chinese American. He is nearly two metres tall, with blue eyes, looking like an Asian. Though he was born in Taiwan, he grew up speaking Chinese to his mother and English to his father and studied at Stanford University in California．Later he returned from abroad to Taiwan and became a singer.
In 1986, Fei Xiang visited the mainland and turned into a big pop star there. He was well-known among the young people and his songs were widely accepted. Such as “Fire in Winter”, “Clouds of My Homeland” and so on.
He left the mainland for New York four years later. There he worked as a singer in “Miss Saigon”, but only as a lowly member. He led a quiet life in New York, for only a few people knew his name.
Now Phillips is planning to end his six-year stay in the USA and return to the mainland and his recording career. His new project is to introduce the mainland to the music of the Broadway (百老汇) stage, including the song“Maria”from“West Side Story”.
What's the order in which Kris Phillips did the following things
a. made the decision to return to PRC
b. learned Chinese from his mother and English from his father
c. was widely welcomed by the young people d. sang for“Miss Saigon” as a lowly member
e. became a student at Stanford University
A．b, e, c, d, a B．e, b, d, c, a C．d, e, b, a, c D．c, a, b, e, d
B
Kristy, 28, a cook in La Gross, often wondered what she'd do in a life-threatening situation. On August 29,1997,she got her answer. While she was driving on a road a big truck hit its head on a pickup car. The pickup burst into flames. Kristy rushed out and ran to the pickup. Two farmers, Dean Bernhard, 51, and his brother Donald,44,were inside. When she got close, Kristy could see the unconscious driver. The other man was under the passenger seat. Says Kristy: "The smells were sickening. I was afraid the truck would blow up and kill us all."
The driver of the big truck was struggling to open the passenger door. so Kristy rushed to the driver's side. Finally they opened the door. She reached in, seized the driver and, to her horror, felt her hands sink into his chest. She quickly dragged the man to safety on the roadside, then hurried back. As Kristy stared down the ditch(水沟)with the passenger, the pickup blew up. She jumped on top of him and they both rolled to safety.
When the police arrived a while later, Kristy started crying, "I want my mum." In fact she cried for the net three months. Today, the two farmers, each the father of two children, are good friends with Kristy. To show their deep appreciation, they bought her a ring with nine diamonds-one for each member of their immediate families, and the ninth for her.
In which order did Kristy do the following things
a. Carried Dean and Donald to safety b. Rushed to the pickup c. Surprised herself
d. Saw the truck hit on the pickup e. Got out of her car
f. Wondered what she'd do in danger
A. e,d,b,a,c,f B. d,e,b,a,f,c C. f,d,e,b,a,e D. f,c,e,d,b,a
C
On the evening of June 21, 1992, a tall man with brown hair and blue eyes entered the beautiful hall of the Bell Tower Hotel in Xi’an with his bicycle. The hotel workers received him and telephoned the manager, for they had never seen a bicycle in the hotel ball before though they lived in “the kingdom of bicycles.”
Robert Friedlander, an American, arrived in Xi’an on his bicycle trip across Asia which started last December in New Delhi, India.
When he was 11, he read the book Marco Polo and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road. Now, after 44 years , he was on the Silk Road in Xi’an and his early dreams were coming true.
Robert Friedlander’s next destinations (目的地) were Lanzhou, Dunhuang, Urumqi, etc. He will complete his trip in Pakistan.
Friedlander is visiting the three countries in the following order, _______.
A. China, India, and Pakistan B. India, China, and Pakistan
C. Pakistan, China, and India D. China, Pakistan, and India
D
Ken Roberts, the man who found the hare, had been looking for it for nearly two years. Although he had been searching in the wrong area most of the time, he found it by logic(逻辑), not by luck. His success came from the fact that he had gained an important clue at the start. He had realized that the words: "One of Six to Eight" under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII's wives. Even here, however Williams had succeeded in misleading him. Ken knew that Katherine of Aragon had died at Kimbolton in Cambridgeshire in 1536 and thought that Williams had buried the hare there. He had been digging there for over a year before a new idea occurred to him. He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill, in Bedfordshire, and thought that he must have buried the hart in a place he knew well, but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in1773.
Which of the following describes Roberts' logic in searching for the bare
a. Henry VIII's six wives b. Katherine's burial place at Kimbolton
c. Williams childhood in Ampthill d. Katherine of Aragon
e. Stone crosses in Ampthill Park
A. a, b, c, e, d B. d, b, c, e, a C. a, d, b, c, d D. d, b, c, a, e
七、图形示意
★“图形示意”题通过图形的方式考查考生对文章文字内容理解后的再现能力和辨认能力。通常包括有：特征描述示意、方位描述示意（地理位置图）、程序过程描述示意等。
（还记得2006年的广东高考听力1—3小题、2006年10月进行的惠州模拟测试听力1—3小题吗？）
★解题指导：
做选图题，首先要找到原文中相关的描述内容，然后与提供的图片逐一核对，注意观察各个图片的差异，最后判断哪个图片与描述的内容一致。要特别注意图片的细微差异之处。发现差异后，可用排除法解题。
★图形示意专项训练试题：
1. Fat on human beings (人类) is distributed (分布) in different ways. Some fat people have a large stomach and no waistline---which makes them look round, rather like apples. Others are fatter below the waist, which makes them appear pear-shaped. Much fat may cause health problems…
Which of the following people is most likely to have health problems
2. The Channel Islands are a group of British-owned islands lying in the English Channel(海峡), 10 to 30 miles off the French coast, and 70 to 90 miles from the English coast. …….
Which of the following maps gives the right position of the Channel Islands
Br = Britain Fr = France Ch = Channel Islands
3. …
But it used to take a lot longer to go around the world. Magellan's men were the first to make the trip. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.
Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the king of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust（锯末）．Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21, 1521, seven out of every eight men had died. Magellan's voyage pr6ved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.
Which of the following shows correctly the route by which Magellan's men sailed around the world
4. There are different ways in which people try to deal with the problem of energy. One way is ….
Another way is…..
Finally, renewable energy sources are used even though they are often expensive to develop. One form of these is geothermal energy. In certain parts of the world the temperature of the earth increases thirty degrees centigrade with each kilometer down. At six kilometers, therefore, it rises to nearly two hundred degrees. To get the heat, water is pumped(压;抽)down into the rocks and back up to the surface. Heat from the earth is already used in certain countries.
Which of the following drawings shows the right way to get geothermal energy
5. Reports say 62 persons are dead and 40 persons remained alive after hijackers tried to seize an Iraqi passenger plane. The plane was flying from Baghdad (the capital of Iraq), Iraq to Amman (the capital of Jordan约旦), Jordan. A Jordanian official, who was on the plane, said at least two persons tried to seize the plane. He said the hijackers exploded small bombs while the plane was flying. He said that the plane was able to land at Arar, Saudi Arabia．But the plane exploded when it was on the ground. Radio stations, Beirut (the capital of Lebanon), Lebanon(黎巴嫩)said, a group called “The Revolutionary Action Organization” has declared it was done by them.
Which of the following maps shows rightly the whole course of incident
(flight line ----; city o; explosion of the plane )
6.…
A square is formed by four couples who stand facing the centre of the square. Each couple stands on one side of the square, the boy on the left and the girl on the right.
Large or small numbers of people can dance at one time. Sometimes 800 or 1, 000 people may be dancing at the same time. Or there may be only one square of eight people.
Costumes are worn by those who square-dance. This makes the dancing more colorful to watch. Women often wear full skirts of various colors with a pretty blouse ( 短上衣 ) . Men have colored shirts and western trousers which they wear only when square-dancing. In some country areas, everyone wears his best clothes.
….
Which of the following pictures is the right form of a square
7. Golden Gate Bridge is one of the largest and most magnificent suspension ( 悬吊 ) bridges in the world . It spans a channel at the entrance of San Francisco Bay. The Bridge, which has a total length of 8, 981 feet(2, 737 meters), connects northern California to peninsula(半岛 ) of San Francisco. Its towers are among the first buildings seen from ships coming near San Francisco. These towers stand on either side of the bridge, about 1, 125 feet(343 meters)from the ends. They hold up the two steel cables 36.5 inches (93centimetres) in diameter(直径), from which the bridge hangs. The part between the towers is 4, 200 feet ( 1, 280 meters) long, one of the world' s longest spans. The floor is about 200 feet ( 67 ) meters ) above the water, and 90 feet ( 27 meters ) wide. It has a six-lane road and sidewalks. Joseph B．Strauss designed the bridge, and the construction began on Jan. 5, 1933. Engineers completed it in 1937 at a cost of $ 35.5 million.
Which of the following diagrams may show the bridge
细节理解指导与训练参考答案
热身试题：1---5 BBDAC
第一部分
第4页：TEXT 3：1---7 DDDACBA
第二部分
是非判断专项训练试题：
A篇：1---2 AB B篇：1---5 CCDAA
因果推断专项训练试题：
A篇：1. 答案为B。因果推断题。根据Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business. Without a good manager, a performer can never hope to succeed .我们可以知道，正因为这个行业竞争激烈，所以表演者需要一个好的经纪人。帮助演员策划和安排商业表演活动，协助他的演艺事业的发展。故B项正确。
2. 答案为D。因果推断题。Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. 一个成名演员要更加努力地工作，直接原因文中已有论述，即，表演行业是个竞争十分激烈的行业，新人不断涌现，对成名演员造成很大的压力。那么间接原因是什么？通过前面的分析我们可以推断出成名演员更加买力地工作，是因为他要保持他的名气，延长他的艺术生命。
B篇：3. 此题为因果推断题。根据“Sir, we want nothing, " said the innkeeper. “But will you tell us something " 可以看出来，这个店老板问拿破仑这个问题是出于好奇。他想知道作为将军的拿破仑与普通人到底有什么区别。故答案为A。
4. 因果推断题。从最后一句话“Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don't you " 可以看出拿破仑并不想杀这个店老板，他这样做的目的是想让他体验一下他当时的感受。故可推出面对危险像拿破仑这样的将军与普通人没有什么两样。故答案为D。
C篇：5---7 CCB
指代判断训练试题：BC
重述内容：DC
数据推算：March 6；Frenchman
热身练习：1. B 2. C 3. B
专项训练试题：1. A 2. C 3. C
4. （1）D （2）C （3）C （4）D
5. 问题(1)要求回答美国国旗图案自1777年以来变化了几次。回答这样的题目须把文中所有提及1777以年来美国国旗变更次数的关键词语划出：1795; July 4,1818; since 1912; a year earlier the 49th;July 4,1960；文中似乎只提及5处, 但是文内又提到1818年时为20颗星, 以后每加入一个州增加一颗星。从文中又可看出1912年增加的是第47和48颗星,从第20颗星到47颗星之间必然还有若干次变动, 因此答案应为D。
问题(2)提问的是1912年7月4日以前的情况。由于新墨西哥和亚里桑那于1912年7月4日加入联邦, 国旗上星的数目增至48颗。因此。1912年7月4日以前国旗上的星数应为46颗。正确答案为C。
问题(3)的答案为A。 其根据为了The 50th star had been added for Hawaii, a year earlier the 49th, for A1aska.
问题(4)的答案为D。 其根据是symbolizing the l3 original states.
顺序排列：热身练习：1. C 2. A
排列顺序训练试题：
A篇---A； B篇----C； C篇----B； D篇---C
图形示意：
专项训练试题：1.C 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A
基本阅读方法
A先阅读试题，找出题目的关键词（名词/形容词/动词/时间、地点、生词等）；
⑤数据推算
①是非判断
细节理解考题基本类型
②因果判断
④重述内容
③指代判断
正确选项特点
B带着问题和关键词去原文中寻找相关信息，并划出与相关信息有关的句子；
C认真审读该句子，再联系选项，判断选择与“该句子”有最密切联系的答案。
⑥顺序排列
合理性
⑦图形示意
接近性
等同性
关联性
以假乱真
偷梁换柱
干扰选项特点
确定答案
张冠李戴
以偏概全
断章取义
过度引申
阅读心理素质
细心
耐心
恒心
信心
eq \o\ac(○,速) eq \o\ac(○,度)也很重要喔！
选项对原句细微处做改动，如：改动了几个小词，或只是截取原文词语或改变部分句子结构，使得意思和原文不相符。
选项只是片面的、次要的信息，不能完全回答问题，或部分正确内容，部分错误等。
选项表达的内容过度推理，超出文章的范围；或虽可由文章推出，却超出文章范围（夸大或缩小）。
选项混淆是非、颠倒黑白；正反倒置、因果倒置；或是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容等。
。
选项使用文章中出现的词语或类似的结构仿造，迷惑考生；或利用生活常识编造选项。（符合常识，但不是文章内容）
选项将细节信息中的范围、程度、语义色彩等改变，造成意思的变化，最终导致表达的意思与原文不符。
正确答案应与文中的细节一一对应，不偏不倚，只是使用不同的词汇、结构而表达同一意思；答案与信息完全一致。
正确选项的信息应至少约等于原文中某句的信息。
正确答案应体现中心思想,至少要与原文的细节、主旨有关联。
正确的选项用不同的词语或句型进行语义上的转换后，信息内容应当与原文有关细节相一致，合情合理。
表达相同的意思
真正考验细心信心耐心恒心的时候来了！！！
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