动词时态与语态专练[上学期]

动词专练130
1. You're _______ your time trying to persuade him, he'll never join us.
A. spending B. wasting C. losing D. missing
2. What did you think of her speech She _______ for an hour but didn't ______ much.
A. spoke; speak B. spoke; say
C. said; speak D. said; say
3. I don't know the restaurant, but it's ______ to be quite a good one.
A. said B. told C. spoken D. talked
4. All the leading newspapers ______ the trade talks between China and the United States.
A reported B.printed C. announced D.published
5. I love to go to the seaside in summer. It ___ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.
A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes
6. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _______.
A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed
7. The captain ______ an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.
A. made B. said C. put D. passed
8. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a ____________.
A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice
9. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ______.
A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily
10. The child is so full of _______ that he cannot keep still.
A. force B. energy C. power D. strength
11. He thought the painting was of little ____, so he let me have it for only ten pounds.
A. value B. cost C. price D. spending
12. No _______ that you failed in the exam. You have always been so careless.
A. matter B. trouble C. wonder D. way
13. He has no_ of time, so he is always playing.
A. sense B. idea C. effect D. feeling
14. Many old houses are being pulled down to make ____ for the office building.
A. room B. ground C. space D. area
15. After waiting for three days, we decided to leave ______ him.
A. besides B. except C. but D. without
16. There was a fight in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously ________.
A. hurt B. killed C. broken D. cut
17. He went from door to door, _____ waste paper and magazines.
A. receiving B. achieving C. accepting D. collecting
18. She felt so ______ that she could hardly open his eyes.
A. sleepy B. asleep C. sleeping D. sleep
19. It is _______that you will pass the college examination.
A. sure B. surely C. certainly D. like
20. He is ill and has _______ in bed for two days already.
A. lied B. lain C. laid D. layed
21. The guards caught the spy and _____ him very carefully.
A. asked for B. searched for C. looked for D. searched
22. ______ him to go out if he wants to.
A. Allow B. Leave C. Let D. Have
23. It was a _________ difficult exam and many students failed in it.
A. fairly B. too C. rather D. enough
24. I watched a boxing ______ on TV last night.
A. fight B. game C. match D. sport
25. I bought a shirt because it was good in quality and _____ in price.
A. reasonable B. valuable
C. comfortable D. enjoyable
26. Students sometimes support themselves by _______ of taking evening jobs.
A. ways B. offers C. means D. helps
27. I _______ an answer to my letter within a few days.
A. hope B. wait C. look through D. expect
28. He ______.
A. robbed me my coat B. stole me my coat
C. robbed my coat from me
D. stole my coat from me
29. I wanted to go there by plane, but I hadn't enough money to pay for the _______.
A. journey B. travel C. voyage D. fly
30. I learned to _____ a bicycle as a small boy.
A. drive B. ride C. operate D. run
31. I should like to rent a house, comfortable and _______ in a quiet neighbourhood.
A. over all B. above all C. all in all D. after all
32. I've visited a lot of different places and stayed in a lot of different hotels, and nothing else ______ this one.
A. matches B. takes C. makes D. compares
33. Have you got any money with you Sorry. I never _____ much money about me.
A. bring B. take C. carry D. fetch
34. He ____ to me for the mistake he had made.
A.excusedB.apologized C.pardoned D.regretted
35. Where does he come from I'm not sure, but his spoken English ____ Australia.
A. suggests B. sounds C. listens D. hears
36. To ______ fit, we must take plenty of exercise.
A. keep B. do C. make D. build
37. My brother is very tall. The little bed won't ______ for him.
A. prepare B. care C. fit D. do
38. The clock ______ and we realized it was eight o'clock.
A. beat B. hit C. rang D. struck
39. When they arrived at the crossroads, they went the wrong ______.
A. path B. street C. way D. direction
40. Careless driving______ a lot of accidents.
A. affects B. makes C. causes D. results
41. She ______ must younger than she really is.
A. turns B. becomes C. grows D. appears
42. At the moment, we can't ______ who will be chosen our monitor.
A. know B. speak C. tell D. read
43. The horrible noise from the man's room simply ______ me mad.
A. drove B. turned C. caused D. offered
44. The tailor made him a new ______.
A. clothes B. dress C. wear D. suit
45. His best-known work that is ______ all praise can be seen in the museum.
A. without B. beyond C. with D. within
46. I __ Jack to ring up to see if Mary was there.
A. suggested B. hoped C. advised D. made
47. We ___ this recorder for five hundred yuan..
A. spent B. cost C. bought D. paid
48. How wide is the Atlantic Ocean That ______. From where to where
A. changes B. depends C. remains D. refers
49. We _____ you a pleasant journey to Shanghai.
A. hope B. wish C. want D. expect
50. The hero was not afraid to __________.
A. hang B. hung C. be hanged D. be hung
51. The ______ candles should be kept for future use.
A. lighting B. lighted C. lit D. light
52. I'm sorry to _____ you to so much trouble.
A. put B. add C. give D. take
53. When filled with a gas lighter than air, a balloon can ______ in the air.
A. fly B. float C. wander D. sail
54. If you drive from the airport, go on the motorway and follow the ____ to the city.
A. designs B. ways C. points D. signs
55. Though I spoke to him many times, he never took any ____ of what I said.
A. notice B. remark C. observation D. attention
56. I should like to try that coat on, but I don't know if it is my _____.
A. shape B. model C. size D. clothes
57. Popular music is liked by many people, but it is not to everyone's _______.
A. manners B. share C. smell D. taste
58. We must ______ the importance of the four modernizations.
A. learn by heart B. keep in mind C. remember by heart D. know by heart
59. Scientists will continue to ______ living things on the moon.
A. look for B. look after C. look upon D. look at
60. The room was so quiet that she could hear the ______ of her heart.
A. beating B. jumping C. knocking D. striking
61. The city's underground ______ more people than the buses.
A. brings B. carries C. sends D. fetches
62.If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller _
A. set B. one C. copy D. pair
63. Would you mind_your radio a little, please
A. turn off B. turning off
C. to turn down D. turning down
64. When you come to Wuhan, I can put you _____ for the night.
A. up B. down C. in D. out
65. My brother_to Youth League for two years.
A. has been in B. has entered C. has taken part in D. has joined
66. Jack is ______ a black jacket today.
A. having B. put on C. wearing D. dressed
67. I ______ you will write me back soon.
A. wish B. need C. want D. hope
68. The teacher told the class to ___ their books.
A. put away B. put by C. put on D. put up
69. I asked him to ____ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems.
A. spend B. save C. spare D. share
70. Mother ___ us stories when we were young.
A. was used to tell B. is used to telling
C. used to tell D. used to telling
71. The students are _____ young people between the ages of sixteen and twenty.
A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most
72. Cheap coal ______ a lot of smoke.
A.gives up B.gives in C.gives away D.gives off
73. It is well known that Thomas Edison ______ the electric lamp.
A.invented B.discovered C.found D. developed
74. The sports meet will be ______ till next week because of the bad weather.
A. put off B. put away C. put up D. put down
75. They __ friends since they met in Shanghai.
A. have made B. have become
C. have been D. have turned
76. How long can I _______ this book
A. borrow B. get C. lend D. keep
77. His father died and _____ him a lot of money.
A. gave B. left C. sent D. offered
78. _______ this book and tell me what you think of it.
A. Look through B. Look on
C. Look into D. look up
79. _______ ! There's a train coming.
A. Look out B. Look around
C. Look forward D. Look on
80. Will somebody go and get Dr. White He's already been _______.
A. asked for B.sent forC.called for D.looked for
81. How _______ can you finish the drawing
A. often B. soon C. long D. rapid
82. Readers can ______ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A. get over B.get in C. get along D. get through
83. We've missed the last bus. I'm afraid we have no _______ but to take a taxi.
A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection
84. Everybody _____ me has gone to the party.
A. else but B. other but C. more except D. else except for
85. He gained his _____ by printing ________ of famous writers.
A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works
86. They ____ the train until it disappeared in the distance.
A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. observed
87. You will find this map of great ______ in helping you to get round London.
A. price B. cost C. value D. need
88. We were _______ by his speech.
A. deep moving B. deep moved C. deeply moving D. deeply moved
89. Though Tom was not ___, he felt ________.
A. alone; lonely B. alone; alone
C. lonely; alone D. lonely ; lonely
90. The book contains a large __ of information.
A. deal B. amount C. number D. sum
91. Your mother is a good ______.
A. cook woman B. cook C. cooking D. cooker
92. After two hours of hard fighting, the northern army won the _______.
A. attack B. force C. war D. battle
93. His office is on the third ___ of the building.
A. floor B. flat C. ground D. level
94. The new house has_rooms than the old one.
A much more B.many more C.large D.more of
95.The price of this kind of sensor is very ___.
A. expensive B. cheap C. Dear D. low
96.Look for new ways to do old jobs means __
A. work B. goodness C. success D. progress
97. Bats do not see well. Instead, they ______ where they are going.
A. smell B. listen to C. watch D. ask
98. I'm _______ to get the tickets for the show, as there are hardly any left.
A. worried B. anxious C. after D. troubled
99. The more you _____ things to chance, the less chance there is for you.
A. leave B. have C. take D. put
100.This year the farmers were just able to gather in the ____ before the fine weather came to an end.
A. fields B. plants C. seeds D. harvest
101.His ____ of the plane was correct and could really fly.
A. shape B. pattern C. design D. model
102.He left in such a hurry that I ______ had time to speak to him.
A. hardly B. almost C. even D. nearly
103.In a low voice she ______ that someone was moving about upstairs.
A. shouted B. told C. spoke D. whispered
104.There is a lot of food there, but we will need ______ more.
A. any B. a few C. even D. little
105.All life on the earth _______ on the sun.
A. lives B. feeds C. depends D. keeps
106.In the singing class the group leader _____ out a collection of new songs to each member.
A. found B. handed C. put D. called
107.Quite a few people watch TV only to ____ time.
A. waste B. spend C. kill D. pass
108. The speaker _______ his voice so as to be heard.
A. increased B. lifted C. rose D. raised
109.It will do you good to ________ a holiday.
A. spend B. make C. take D. do
110.I took the medicine , but it didn't have any ______ on me.
A. effect B. answer C. affect D. work
111.What's your ______ the doctor asked.
A. trouble B. matter C. sickness D. illness
112.His name was on the _____ of my tongue but I couldn't remember it.
A. tip B. top C. edge D. point
113.If women were ______ in this country, they would be given better jobs.
A. cared B. valued C. fed D. treated
114.He _______ the person referred to be put into prison.
A. said B. suggested C. agreed D. believed
115.Wipe your tears away and ______ up your pretty, little face, darling.
A. do B. dry C. make D. wash
116.I don't want to go into the sea. I'd rather lie on the _______.
A. coast B. bank C. beach D. seaside
117.Here's my card. Let's keep in _________.
A.connection B. relation C. touch D. friendship
118.He is ______ to win the political campaign and become president.
A. possible B. probable C. perhaps D. likely
119.He is _______. He is afraid of ________.
A. dying; dead B. dead ; death
C. deadly ; dying D. dying ; death
120.Mr Johnson was ______ in the leg while fighting Japanese during the war.
A. hurt B. harmed C. injured D. wounded
121.Few people could understand his theory at that time and even fewer would ______ it.
A. receive B. accept C. know D. except
122.This building_an area of 500 square metres.
A. takes B. holds C. covers D. includes
123.Advice is something the wise don't need and fools won't _______.
A. have B. need C. catch D. take
124.These trees can't be grown in such a cold _____ as ours.
A. weather B. climate C. season D. space
125.The carriage was ______ by four horses.
A. rolled B. pushed C. driven D. drawn
126.I knew Jackson ______ I knew Charlie.
A. before long B. long before
C. long ago D. after long
127.There are four____of blood. Which is hers
A. kinds B. sorts C. types D. styles
128.Mother kept inviting Mrs Smith to stay for lunch, and finally she _____.
A.gave out B.gave off C.gave in D.gave away
129.The train will ______ London at 5: 30.
A. arrive B. come C. get D. reach
130.He called me up that day and I___his voice.
A. understood B. recognized
C. remembered D. knew高考英语时态专练100题
1 Here _____the bus!
A is coming B comes C has come D has been coming
2 It's the third time I ______him this month.
A had seen B see C saw D have seen
3 If you go to the western suburbs of the city , you ___a lot of new buildings .
A will see B have seen C see D are going to see
4-- I have bought an English -Chinese dictionary. -- When and where ___you__ _it
A do buy B did buy C have bought D had bought
5 She showed him the photo she __the day before.
A has taken B took C was taking D had taken
6 While Tom ___, his sister is writing.
A reads B has read C has been reading D is reading
7 By the time he was ten, Edison _____experiments in chemistry.
A had already done B already had done
C was already doing D already did
8 I don’t know if it _____or not tomorrow.
A will snow B snows C has snowed D is snowing
9 He was sixty-eight. In two years he _____seventy.
A was going to be B would be C had been D will be
10 Tom ___for more than a week.
A has left B has gone away C went away D has been away
11 He said that honesty _____the key to success.
A was B will be C is D is being
12 She _____in London till nest Monday.
A will have stayed B has stayed C is staying D has been staying
13 We _____each other since I left Shanghai.
A haven't seen B hadn't seen C didn't see D wouldn't see
14 I'll return the book to the library as soon as I_ __it .
A will finish B am going to finish C finished D have finished
15 She has bought some cloth, she ____herself a dress.
A makes B is going to make C would make D has made
16 Don't go and bother him. He _____in the room.
A writes B has written C is writing D has been writing
17 ___you ___
A Do ；marry B Have ；married C Have；been married D Are；married
18 Tom: This is a terribly heavy box.
John: I ____you to carry it.
A will help B am going to help C had better to help D had rather help
19 She told me that her father _____to the post office when I arrived
A just went B has just gone C had just gone D had just been going
20 Don't get of f until the bus _____.
A stopped B will stop C will have stopped D stops
21 Peter said that he _____home the next day.
A was going to B will go C would go D had gone
22 He ____with us since he returned last month.
A lives B lived C had lived D has lived
23 They ___to help but could not get here in time.
A had wanted B have wanted C was wanting D want
24 They will go to work in the countryside when they ____school next year .
A will leave B will have leave C are leaving D leave
25 I didn't know when they ___again.
A came B were coming C had come D had been coming
26 The fence ____near the window.
A stand B is standing C have stood D stands
27 They _____here for more than a month.
A have arrived B have reached C have come D have been
28 We ___a meeting from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon.
A had had B would have C were having D had
29 She told us she had met you in London last year. _____ you _____her since
A Had;met B Did;see C Would;meet D Have;seen
30 If it ____tomorrow, we won't go to the school farm.
A is to rain B will be raining C will rain D rains
31-___you ___to the 6:30 broadcast
A Have;listened B Did;listen C Had;listened D would;listen
32 I _____Tom has made a mistake.
A am thinking B shall think C think D have been thinking
33 I ___writing the article now.
A finish B is finishing C finished D have finished
34 When ____you___ to study English
A have;begun B did;begin C had;begun D do;begin
35 He was taken into hospital last week. In fact he _____ill for three months.
A has been B has got C had fallen D had been
36 I'll look after your children after you _____.
A will go B will have gone C are gone D went
37 He __of how he could do more for the people .
A will always think B is always thinking C has always thought D does always think
38 The foreign friends _____here just now.
A left B have left C have been away from D had left
39 The teacher said that we ______ten lessons by the end of this term.
A should study B have studied C were going to study D should have studied
40 We __there when it_ ___to rain.
A were getting ；would begin B were about to get ；began
C had got ；had begun D would get；began
41 Han's Christian Anderson __a lot of fairy tales.
A had written B wrote C was writing D has written
42It _____ten years since he left Shanghai.
A was B is C had been D will be
43 We _____ about two thousand English words by the end of last term.
A learned B have learned C had learned D would learn
44 Since when __you __so many young trees
A have；planted B do ；plant C did ；plant D had ；planted
45 It ___long before we celebrate the New Year's Day.
A isn't B hasn't been C wasn't D won't be
46 --Where have you been --I _____to the railway station.
A have gone B have been C went D am going
47 I ____along the road when suddenly some patted me on the shoulder from behind.
A walked B had walked C was walking D would walk
48 My brother ___Tom quite well, they were introduced at a Party.
A is knowing B was knowing C knows D had been knowing
49 I didn't know a thing about the verbs, for I ____them.
A wouldn’t study B haven't studied C hadn't studied D wasn't studying
50 Don't be late, Mary, the train _____at 8 a.m.
A is starting B has started C would start D starts
51 There will come a day when the people of the whole country __a happy life .
A live B will live C will have lived D are living
52 If I had enough money, I ____a trip.
A took B would take C had taken D would have taken
53 My father, who died fifteen years ago, _____very kind to me.
A is B was C had been D would be
54 We _our seats till the party had begun.
A hadn't found B didn't find C haven't found D wouldn't fine
55 We _____that you would be able to visit us.
A hope B were hoping C have hoped D hoped
56 By 1914 Einstein ___world fame.
A gained B would gain C had gained D was gaining
57 The man put on his hat and _____away.
A had gone B would go C has gone D went
58 Comrade Wang ____the Party for about three years.
A has attended B has joined C has been in D has taken part in
59--______ you _____to New York --Yes, I ______there three years ago.
A Have;been;went B Did;go;have been C Have;gone;went D Have;been;had gone
60 she was praised for what she ____
A did B has done C would do D had done
61 The book _____on the floor for ten minutes, but no one has picked it up.
A is lying B has lain C has been lying D lay
62 The boy _____. A bullet _______through his chest on the left side
A.had died ;passed B died;had passed C died ;passed D had died;had passed
63 It ____and the streets were still wet.
A had been raining B rained C has rained D would rain
64 If I ____when he comes, wake me up.
A sleep B will sleep C am sleeping D will be sleeping
65 Hardly ____the bell _____when the teacher came in.
A did --ring B would --ring C has--rung D had --rung
66 I ____from him so far.
A didn’t hear B don’t hear C haven’t heard D hadn’t heard
67 The students went out before the bell ___.
A had rung B has rung C didn't ring D hadn't rung
68 It was two years since I ___with here.
A had dined B was dining C dined D had been dining
69 By this time next year, we _____all the land onto rice fields.
A had turned B will have turned C have turned D have been turning
70 What_____ you ______this time tomorrow morning
A will;do B have;been doing C are;doing D will;be doing
71 In the past it ____people two years to go round the world.
A had taken B has taken C took D was taking
72 Great changed ____in my hometown in the past few years.
A were taken place B have been taken place C took place D have taken place
73 His father _____several times during the war of liberation.
A had been wounded B was wounded C wounded D had wounded
74 This novel ____well.
A sells B is sold C will be sold D has been sold
75 _____ the new color film ____this year
A Will;be shown B Did;show C Are;shown D Has;been shown
76 The work _____ in two days.
A has been finished B will finish C will be finished D are finished
77 I shouldn't trust him because he _____the police.
A is known by B knows C has known to D is known to
78 Thousands of people took part in the work when the Three Gorges project _____.
A would be built B was building C were being built D had been built
79 This sick man _____to hospital right away.
A must send B will send C ought be sent D must be sent
80 Do you know when the Chinese Communist Party _____
A is found B found C has been founded D was founded
81 When I got to his home, I____ that he _____to Beijing.
A told;had gone B was told;went C was told;had gone D told;had been
82 we _____to be careful of rats since the whole street was full of rubbish.
A warned B have warned C have been warned D were warning
83-__you __in the heavy rain last night
A Were;caught B Did;catch C Had;been caught D Have;caught
84 How long _____the concert _____
A has ;been lasted B did;last C will;be lasted D was;lasted
85 when sugar ____ enough, a black substance appears.
A heats B is heated C will beat D will be heated
86 The fire of London _______on the right of September, 1666.
A was broken out B had broken out C broke out D broken out
87 The police __outside the ball in large numbers.
A have stationed B were stationed C stationed D has been stationed
88 --Why does Mary look to be so sorry --Because she ___by her classmates.
A has been laughed B has laughed at C was laughed D has been laughed at
89 English textbooks ______in that publishing house.
A were published B have been published C are published D had been published
90 The story ______, and everybody knows about it.
A has got round B got round C was got round D has been got round
91 She wondered what _____over here.
A has happened B was happened C had been happened D had happened
92 _____this dictionary _____to your brother
A Does ;belong B Is;belonged C Has;been belonged D Is;belonging
93 During the illness of their mother, the children ____by a neighbor.
A took care of B were taken care C were taken care of D have been taken care
94 For this he ____on twice.
A has operated B operated C had been operated D has been operated
95 Water ____into steam if it is heated to its boiling point.
A is going to be turned B will be turned C has been turned D is being turned
96 We’d better do our Christmas shopping. Time ___
A is running out B is run out C have been ran out D is running out of
答案
1-5BDABD 6-10:DAABD 11-15CCADB 16-20:CDACD 21-25:CDADB 26-30:DDCDD 31-35:BCDBD 36-40:CBADB
41-45:BBCAD 46-50:BCCCD 51-55:BBBBD 56-60:CDCAD 61-65:CBACD 66-70:CAABD 71-75:CDBAA 76-80:CDCDD 81-85:CCABB 86-90:CBDCA 91-96:DACDBA
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4动词时态与语态专练
语法讲解
一、动词时态 （一）一般现在时
一般现在时常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，应用动词的单数第三人称形式。一般现在时主要有以下几种用法：
1、一般现在时表示现在经常发生或习惯性的行为或状态，常与usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes等时间状语连用。
He always sleeps with the windows open.他总是开着窗子睡觉。
2、一般现在时表示主语的性格、特征、能力等。He works hard .他工作很努力
3、一般现在时表示客观事实或普遍真理，也用在格言中。
The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
4、在时间、条件、比较等状语从句中表将来的动作
在由when, if, after, before, as, as soon as, the minute, the next time, in case, though, till, until, unless, so long as, where, whatever, whenever等引导的状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时，但应注意，主句的谓语动词必须用一般将来时。The volleyball match will be put off if it rains. 如果下雨，排球赛将推迟。
5、表示安排或计划好的将来动作，通常限于表示"运动"的动词，如：go, come, leave, start等。The train starts at 10 o' clock in the morning.火车在上午10点发车。
（二）一般过去时
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态，常和表示过去的时间连用，yesterday, last night, in 1990, two days ago等。也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often, always等表示频度的时间状语连用。
1、表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或状态，常有明确的时间状语，如yesterday，last night, some years ago，in1890等，以及由when等引导的时间状语从句。
2、表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作常与often，usually，seldom等表示频度的副词连用。When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there.我在乡村里，经常去拜访那里的朋友。
3、在条件、时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.他们说如果听到什么关于他的消息，就通知我们。
4、表示虚拟语气
这一用法只适用于某些特定的句型，表示现在或将来的非真实、主观意图或愿望。
If only I had a better memory.要是我的记忆力好一点就好了。
If it rained tomorrow, the match would be put off.要是明天下雨，比赛就会延期举行。
（三）一般将来时
1、一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, in the future, next year等。一般将来时由"助动词will/shall+动词原形"构成。
2、一般将来时的其他表达法
（1）"be going to+动词原形"表将来
①这种结构表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。
They are going to meet outside the school gate.他们打算在校门口见面。
②还可表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，认为某事即将发生、肯定会发生或可能出现的情况。I think I'm going to die. 我想我要死了。(现在生命垂危) Look at the cloud. It's going to rain.瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。(乌云密布，使我断定天要下雨)
③这种结构表示"肯定、预测，注定会"。在这种情况下可以和"think, hope, want, belive, like"等表示静态的动词连用。 He failed in the exam; he knew he was going to when he looked at the test paper.他没考及格，他一看试卷就知道考不及格。
The voters aren't going to like him.选民们不会喜欢他的。
"be about to+动词原形"表将来
（2）"be about to+动词原形"表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。The English evening is about to start.英语晚会即将开始。
（3）"be to+动词原形"表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要求要发生的动作，这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意见。
There's to be a slide show this afternoon.今天下午要放幻灯。
You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.到10点你得交上试卷。
（4）用现在进行时来表示将来
现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词，如come , go , leave, start ,move, arrive等，还有join, play, eat, work, return, take, wear, stay, sleep, meet等。常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
I'm leaving for Tibet on Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。
When are you going back to your factory 你什么时候回工厂？
（5）一般现在时表示将来
用一般现在时表示根据规定预计要发生、安排或计划好的将来的动作。这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词，如come, go, leave, start, begin, sail, return, stop, end, open, stay等。The plane starts at 8 o'clock in the morning.飞机上午8点起飞。
When does the show begin 展览什么时候开始？
（四）现在进行时
现在进行时由"助动词be（is/am/are）+ v-ing"构成。它的用法如下：
1、表示说话人说话时正在进行的动作，它不涉及该动作的发生和结果，译成汉语"正在"，这一用法常和表示此刻的时间状语连用，如now, at this time, at present，at the moment等。
2、表示现阶段但并非眼下正在进行着的动作，这种动作常与表示一段的时间状语连用，如these days , this week等。
3、表示将来的动作,表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作，或即将开始或进行的动作。常用的这类词go, come, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, move, return, stay, stop, do, dine等，通常要与表示将来的时间状语连用，以区别此刻正在进行的动作。He is coming to see you tomorrow.他明天要来看你。
4、表达褒贬等感彩
和always ,forever, continually, constantly, instantly, continuously等频度副词连用，表示经常、反复发生的动作，不强调动作的进行性。表达厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。
He is constantly leaving his things about.他时常乱丢东西。（表责怪）
She is always changing her clothes.她老是换衣服。（表责怪）
He is always working hard.他总是学习很用功。（表赞赏）
They're forever quarrelling about something.他们老是为某件事争吵。(不满)
5、wonder, hope, think 等表示心理的动词用于进行时可以表示婉转的语气
I'm wondering if I may come a little late.我在想我能不能晚来一会儿。
（五）过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。构成过去进行时常由"助动词be的过去时was/were+现在分词"构成。用法如下：
1、表示过去某一时刻正在或过去某段时间正在进行的动作。动作发生的特定时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明。
注意：在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时，另一个动作用一般过去时。如果表示两个延续动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，而不考虑动作的先后长短，则主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时。
When I entered the room, she was sitting at her desk.我进屋的时候，她正坐在书桌前面。
The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework.学生们在看书，而老师在批改他们的家庭作业。
2、用来描写故事发生的背景
在口语或记叙文中，可以用过去进行时表示的持续动作作为背景，以此引出由一般过去时表示的新动作。
It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A young woman suddenly appeared on the river bank.一个漆黑的夜晚，狂风大作，大雨倾盆，一位年轻的妇女突然出现在河岸上。
3、代替过去将来时
用于come, go ,leave, start, stay, arrive等表位置转移的动词，以表示过去将要发生的动作。
She asked me whether he was starting the next day.她问我他是否第二天就走。
4、表达褒贬等感彩
过去进行时也可以和always，constantly，continually，forever等连用，表示说话人的主观感情，如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。
He was always trying out new ideas.他总是试验一些新的设想。
He was forever complaining about something.他老是怨这怨那。
5、wonder, hope, think，want 等表示心理的动词用于进行时可以表示婉转的语气
---Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor --打扰了,先生。你能帮我个忙吗？
---Of course. What is it --当然。什么事？
---I was wondering if you could tell me how to fill out this form. --我一直在想你是否能告诉我怎样填这张表。
（六）现在完成时
现在完成时由"助动词have/has+过去分词"构成。现在完成时的用法如下：
1、表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，通常使用不具有延续意义的动词，arrive, become, begin, break等。这种用法可带有迄今意义的时间状语，如up to now, so far, already, not...yet等。也可带有包括现在时间在内的时间状语，如now, recently, in the past few years, just等。
I have already posted the photos.我已经把照片寄出了。
2、表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，也许还将继续下去。这种用法通常用于具有延续意义的动词，如live, stay, work等，并带有表示时间段的状语或迄今意义的时间的状语，如for, since等。
They have lived in Beijing since 2002.他们自从2002年以来就住在北京。
注意：表示短暂的动作动词或状态动词不能用于这种用法，如arrive, come, go, leave等。如，不能说：She has come to our school for 2 years.
3、表示到现在为止的一段时间内重复发生的动作。常与often, always 等连用。
He has been late for class every morning this week.这个星期他每天早晨都迟到。
My father has always gone to work by bike.我爸爸一向骑车上班。
4、用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。
He will be back before I have finished my work.我完成工作之前他会回来的。
5、用在"It(This) is(will be ) the first/second/third…time+ that从句"中
在这种从句中，当主句动词为is/will be时，that-从句的动词用现在完成时，that 可以省略。主句中的主语还可用this, this evening等; 这种结构中的first也可用其他序数词；time也可由其他名词替代。
This is the first time I have been here.这是我第一次来这里。
It'll be the first time I've spoken in public.这将是我第一次当众讲话。
6、 "It (This)is the best( worst, most interesting等) + 名词+从句"结构中的从句要求用现在完成时
This is the best film I've ever seen.这是我所看过得最好的一部电影。
This is the most interesting novel he has ever written.这是他写得最好的一部小说。
7、现在完成时可以表示反问的语气（与when连用）或感彩
- Who is Jerry Cooper 杰利 库珀是谁呀？
- Haven't you met him yet I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. 你还没见过他？我看见你和他在开会时握手了。Now you've done it.你这下可闯祸了。
When have I been treated like this 我什么时候吃这一套？
8、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时与一般过去时都表示完成的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in1990等。而一般过去时则表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。（我了解这部电影的内容）
I saw the film last week.我上星期看了这个电影。（只说明上星期看了这个电影，不涉及现在的情况）
He has lived here since 1972.1972年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里）
He lived here in 1972.1972年他们住在这里。（不涉及到现在是否还住在这里）
9、使用现在完成时应注意的几点
（1）现在完成时不能和明确表示过去的时间状语(如yesterday, last week, in 1976, two days ago, just now等)连用，但可以和下列不确定的时间状语连用，如never, ever, always, yet, already, before, just, lately, so far, recently等。
She has already come.她已经来了。I have met him before.我以前曾见过他。
（2）现在完成时还可以和表示从过去某时刻延续到现在 (包括现在在内)的时间状语连用。如today，this year，these days，this morning等。
It has been hot this summer. 今年夏天一直很热。(说话时仍是夏天)
I have written two letters this morning. 今天上午我写了两封信。(说话时仍是上午)
（3）表示短暂意义的动词，如open，go，come，die，leave，arrive，begin， return，stop等，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如要表达"他离开这儿已经3年了"这一意思时，不能说" He has left here for three years. "而要把其中的动词换为延续性动词或用其他表达法。如上句可用下列方式表达:
He has been away from here for three years.
He left here three years ago. It is three years since he left here.
（4）have/has been to表示到过某个地方，而have/has gone to表示已经去了某处。
He has been to the Great Wall.他到过长城。(现在他已不在长城)
He has gone to the Great Wall.他去长城了。(现在他不在此地)
（七）过去完成时
过去完成时由"助动词had+过去分词"构成。用法如下：
1、过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发的时间是"过去的过去"。表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语，也可用when, before，after，until等引导的从句或通过上下文表示。
When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。
2、表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去的动作，常和for, since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。
3、用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句或as if从句中表示与过去事实相反
If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.假如他昨天看到你，他就会问你这件事了。
Had I known that you wanted the book , I would have sent it.如果我知道你要这本书，我会送来的。
4、放在像said，told，asked，thought，wondered等过去时动词的后面，表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情。
My friend told me that he had passed the exam.我的朋友告诉我，他已通过了考试。
5、用在 "It was the first/second/third…time that…"句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。
This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years. 这是39年里他们第一次见面。
It was the first time we had spoken together. 这是我们第一次在一起说话。
6、intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时，表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图或希望等，含有某种惋惜。
I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.我本来昨天打算要去看你，但我来了个不速之客。
7、过去完成时常用结构有"hardly, scarcely, barely … when, no sooner… than等副词的句子里。
She hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang.他刚睡下铃就响了。
No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.他们刚刚离开大楼，一颗炸弹就爆炸了。
（八）过去将来时
过去将来时一般由 "助动词would(第二、三人称)/should(第一人称)+动词原形"构成。不论什么人称，美国英语皆可用would。用法如下：
1、表示对过去某一时间点而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句中。
I thought they would come to help me.我认为他们会来帮我的。
He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.他说他要在车站等我们。
2、表示过去的某种习惯行为
He would sit for hours doing nothing.过去他常常坐几个钟头什么事也不做。
He would come to see us on Sundays.过去星期天他经常来看望我们。
3、过去将来时的其它表达法
（1）was/were going to
①表示过去的打算和意图
He was going to start work the following week.他打算下星期开始工作。（打算）
②表示没有实现的打算和意图
He was going to come last night, but it rained.他打算昨晚来，但下雨了。(没实现)
I thought the film was going to be interesting.我想这部电影会很有趣的。（结果不是）
（2）was/were to+动词原形
这种结构通常指过去的计划安排或注定要发生的事情。如果计划的动作没有实现，要用动词的完成式。
At that time he did not know that quitting the job was to become the turning point in his life.( 注定要发生的事情)那时他不知道辞职将会成为他生活的转折点。
She said she was to take up the position.(表示打算)他说他打算上任。
She said she was to have taken up the position.( 计划但未能实现) 他说他本打算上任。
（3）was/were about to＋动词原形
was/were about to＋动词原形，表示过去即将发生的事。
The meeting was about to be held the following day.会议打算第二天开。
（4）表示位置转移的动词 (如go，come，leave，start等)的过去进行时，表示按照过去的计划安排将在过去将来发生的事情。
I didn't know you were coming.我不知道你会来。
（九）其他时态
1、现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时由"助动词have/has been+ -ing形式"构成。用法如下：
（1）现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。
They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了。
（2）表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束。
I have been waiting you for about one hour.我等你大约一个小时了。(说话时"等"的动作刚结束)
（3）表示重复（只断断续续，而非一直不停）
We've been discussing the matter several times this year.我们今年已数次讨论那件事。
（4）现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较
A. 现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成，或者在过去曾经发生过的动作；现在完成时往往表示仍将继续下去的动作。
I have written an article.我写了一篇文章。（已完成）
I have been writing an article.我一直在写一篇文章。（还在写）
B.当现在完成进行时表示刚刚结束时，现在完成时强调动作的结果，现在完成进行时则强调动作在不久以前持续进行的情景，并带有感色彩。
Now we have cleaned the room; we can move the things in .现在房子打扫好了，我们可以往里搬东西了。（强调打扫完了的结果）
-You look so tired. What have you been doing 你看起来很累，你干什么了？
-I've been playing football.我踢足球了。（强调不久前踢球的情景）
2、将来进行时
将来进行时由"助动词shall/will+be+v-ing"构成，用法如下:
（1）表示将来某一时刻或某段时间正在发生的动作，常与this time tomorrow, at 4 o'clock tomorrow afternoon等时间状语连用。
I'll be visiting professor Li at 2 this afternoon.今天下午2点我将拜访李教授。
At this time tomorrow we'll be flying over the Atlantic. 明天此时我们正在飞越大西洋的上空。
（2）表示一种已经决定或肯定的动作或情况，或表示某动作将在按计划发生而未完成。
We shall be having a meeting in a minute.我们一会儿就要开会。
Will you be seeing Mr.Wang this evening 今晚你会见王先生吗？
3、将来完成时
将来完成时表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作。将来完成时由"shall /will +have +v-ed"构成。用法如下：
（1）将来完成时表示将来某一时间或动作发生之前已经完成的动作，通常与before或by连用。
By the end of this month , we'll have studied 10 units.到这月末，我们将学完10单元。
（2）表示持续到将来某一时间的动作或状态,这动作或状态也可能将继续进行下去。
When they move here next month, we'll have lived in the city for 5 years.下月他们搬到这里时，我们已住在该市五年了。
（3）表示对现在或将来可能完成动作的推测
It is seven. He will have got up.现在7点，他可能已经起床了
4、过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时主要表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。过去完成进行时由"助动词had+ been+ v-ing"构成。
（1）过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去这一时间。这一动作可能己经停止也可能还在进行。
She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.她告诉我她己经学习法语5年了。（仍继续）
She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.她告诉我她己经等我一个钟头了。（不再继续）
（2）表示反复的动作、企图、情绪、最近的情况
You had been giving me everything.你对我真是有求必应。（感激）
I had been studying the meaning of the poem.我一直在研究这首诗。（我还没懂）
二、动词的语态
（一）被动语态构成
被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象，一般说来只有及物动词才有被动语态。其构成为"be+及物动词的过去分词"。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态时，由"情态动词（can, may must, have to等）+be +动词的-ed形式。含有"be going to , be to, used to, be about to"等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态时，其构成为"be going to （be to, used to, be about to）+ be +动词的-ed形式"构成。
（二）被动语态的适用范围
1、当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。这时不用by短语。
This jacket is made of cotton. 这件上衣是棉料的。
2、为了强调动作的承受者时
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 要求参观者不可触摸展品。
3、出于策略、委婉、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者
You are said to be active recently. 据说你最近很活跃。
常用于如下短语：
It's not known that… ……不得而知 It's said that… 据说……
It's reported that… 据报道…… It's not decided that…尚未决定
It's believed that… 据认为…… It's announced that…据宣布……
（三）主动语态变为被动语态
主动语态变为被动语态要遵循以下原则：主动句中的宾语变为被动结构的主语（如果是人称代词，宾格变为主格）；把主动句中的谓语变为被动结构；主动句中的主语变为by介词短语（如果是人称代，主格变为宾格），有时介词短语可省去。
1、含有单个宾语的主动句变为被动句
在一般情况下，将主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，动词变为被动语态，主动句的主语变为by的宾语，但是短语可以不要。
Everyone likes the book. (active voice)大家都喜欢这本书。
→The book is liked by everyone. (passive voice)这本书受大家喜欢。
2、含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句
有些动词后面可以跟"宾语+补足语"结构，这种结构被称作复合宾语。含复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，只将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，宾语补足语保留不动，这时它就成了主语补足语。可以充当宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、动词不定式、V-ing和V-ed等。
（1）行为动词
They advised her to take the medicine. (active voice)他们劝她吃这种药。
→She was advised to take the medicine. (passive voice)她被劝告吃这种药。
（2）感官动词和使役动词跟不定式作宾补时
在主动句中，动词不定式做感官动词（see, watch, hear等）和使役动词（make ,have）的宾语补足语，通常省去动词不定式符号to。但改为被动结构后，要把省略了to再加上。
They made him go there alone. 他们让他自己去那里。
→He was made to go there alone. 他被迫自己去那里。
注意：动词是let时，其被动结构中不定式仍不带to。
They let John go. 他们让约翰走。→John was let go. 约翰不得不走。
3、含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句
①直接宾语是名词、代词时
有些动词（give, tell, buy等）在句中做谓语时可有两个宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语），又称双宾语。含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，可以将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。一般是将主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语。当直接宾语变为被动结构的主语时，间接宾语前应加介词to（有时可以省去）或for。
She gave me the book. (active voice)她给了我这本书。
→I was given the book. (passive voice)有人送给我一本书
→The book was given to me. (passive voice)。这本书是别人送的。
注意：被动句中两个间接宾语对比时，其前的介词to不可省略。
This apple is given to me, not to you. 这个苹果是给我的，不是给你的。
②直接宾语是从句时
如果直接宾语是从句时，一般只能构成以间接宾语为主语的被动句。
Someone told me where the accident had happened. （passive voice）有人告诉我事故是在何处发生的。
→I was told where the accident had happened. (passive voice)我被告知事故在何处发生。
4、带宾语从句的主动句换为被动句
（1）带宾语从句的主动句换为被动句时，通常用it作为被动结构的形式主语。
We believed that he was ill. 我们相信他病了。
→It was believed that he was ill. 都相信他病了。
（2）带宾语从句的主动句换为被动句时，可以改为不定式结构
He said the play was very interesting. 他说这台戏剧很有趣。
→The play was said to be very interesting. 据说这台戏剧很有趣。
5、带有情态动词或be going to的主动句换为被动句
如果主动句带有情态动词或be going to(be about to, be to, used to, have to )等，在变为被动句时，情态动词或be going to等不变，只是后面的主动词变为被动语态。
He is going to give me a book. 他打算给我一本书。
→I am going to be given a book. 有人打算给我一本书。
We must take measures to stop pollution. 我们必须采取措施制止污染。
→Measures must be taken to stop pollution. 必须采取措施制止污染。
（三）被动结构的时态
被动语态的时态是由be的不同时态+及物动词的-ed形式来构成的
1、一般现在时
一般现在时的被动结构是由"be的一般现在时（am/is/are）+及物动词的-ed形式"构成。
Football is played all over the world. 全世界都踢足球。
2、一般过去式
一般过去式的被动结构是由"be的一般过去式（was/were）+及物动词的-ed形式" 构成。
The building was built in 1559. 这座建筑是1559年建成的。
3、一般将来时 一般将来时的被动结构是由"be的一般将来时（shall/will be）+及物动词的-ed形式" 构成。
More factories will be built in my hometown. 我们家乡会建更多的工厂。
4、现在进行时 现在进行时的被动结构是由"be的现在进行时（am/is/are being）+及物动词的-ed形式" 构成。
The life of the milu is being studied at present. 目前人们正在研究麋鹿的生活习惯。
5、现在完成时 现在完成时的被动语态是由"be的现在进行时（has/have been）+及物动词的-ed形式" 构成。
All the preparations for the task have been completed and we're ready to start. 任务的准备工作业已完成，我么们准备开始。
6、过去进行时 过去进行时的被动语态是由"be的过去进行时（was/were being）+及物动词的-ed形式" 构成。 When I got there a new road was being built by them. 我到那里时，他们正在建一条新路。
7、过去完成时 过去完成时的被动语态是由"be的过去完成时（had been）+及物动词的-ed形式" 构成。 He asked me how many English words had been learned by that year. 他问我到那年我学了多少英语单词。
8、含有情态动词或be going to 的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动结构是由"情态动词或be going to(be about to, used to, be to, have to等)+be+及物动词的-ed形式" 构成。
This bike can be mended in two hours. 两个小时内可修好该自行车。
They have to be given a lot of money. 必须给他们很多钱。
9、短语动词的被动语态 通常只有及物动词才有被动语态，但有些短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有被动语态，但短语动词是一个不可分隔的整体，变为被动语态时不可去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。
Have you sent for the doctor 你派人去请医生了吗
→Has the doctor been sent for 派人去请医生了吗
注意：主动结构的谓语动词为"不及物动词+名词+介词"构成的及物的短语动词时，通常把它看成一个整体。但也可将这类短语动词本身的名词用作主语，构成被动语态，尤其是在名词前有定语修饰时。
Good care must be taken of the babies particularly while they are ill. 必须仔细照料这些孩子，尤其是在他们生病时。
You should pay more attention to your pronunciation. 你应当注意你的发音。
→More attention should be paid to your pronunciation. 注意你的发音。
（四）Get型被动语态
被动语态的基本形式是由"be+及物动词的过去分词"构成的。但在现代英语中大量地出现了由"get+及物动词的过去分词"构成的被动语态，这叫get-型被动语态。get-型被动语态中的过去分词数量有限，通常为单个的动词或比较简单的动词短语。
1、get+及物动词的过去分词
get常同marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress, pay, wound等动词的-ed形式连用，构成被动语态。这种结构一般指动作的结果而非动作本身，常指"最后终于，突然发生"等意义。
He got wounded in the battle. 他在战斗中受伤了。
The boy got hurt on his way home from work. 男孩在回家的路上受伤了。
2、get-型被动语态一般不宜用在含有双宾语的结构中，也不宜与see, hear, watch, listen to等感官动词构成被动语态。
The old man was offered a large sum of money. （正）有人给了这位老人一大笔钱。The old man got offered a large sum of money. ( 误)
3、get-型被动语态有时有言外之意或具有感彩
He got taught a lesson. 他被教训了一顿。（有"活该"之意）
How did the window get closed. 窗户怎么关上了？（有"不该关上"之意）
4、get-型被动语态有时表示开始进入某种状态，而be+动词的-ed形式只表示存在的状态。
She got tired. 她感到累了。（有开始感到疲劳的含义）
She was tired. (只表示"她累了")
（五）主动形式表示被动意义
1、既是及物又是不及物的动词
一些既是及物又是不及物的动词。如read, write, sell, open, shut, begin, wash, wear, cut, lock, play, pack, strike, split, act, draw, iron, dry, eat heat, clean等；此类动词常接副词作状语（有些可以不加）。
Books of this kind sell well. 这本书很畅销。 The door won't shut. 门关不上。
2、系动词
系动词look, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, seem, appear等。此类动词常接形容词作表语。
-Do you like the material 你喜欢这块面料吗？
-Yes, it feels very soft. 喜欢，手感不错。
The dish tastes good. 这菜味道不错。
3、need等词后面常接主动的-ing分词形式
need, want, require，stand, take, won't bear, repay, deserve等词后面常接主动的-ing分词形式，表示被动意义。在这种情况下，句子的主语在逻辑上是-ing分词的宾语。
Your hair needs cutting. 你的头发需要理。
The room wants cleaning everyday. 这个房间需要每天打扫。
The point deserves mentioning. 这一点值得提。
The rules take some learning. 这规则需要下点功夫学。
That won't bear thinking of. 那不堪想象。
4、某些表语的形容词后，用不定式主动表示被动
当动词不定式作表语形容词（如形容词easy, difficult, hard等）的状语，又与句子的主语构成动宾关系时，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
This question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很那回答。
The room is comfortable to live in. 这屋子住起来很舒服。
5、某些作宾补的形容词后，用不定式主动表示被动
当动词不定式作宾补形容词（如形容词easy, difficult, hard等）的状语，又与句子的宾语构成动宾关系时，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
We find the man hard to get along with. 我们发现这个人很难相处。
I think English easy to learn. 我发现英语很好学。
6、不定式作定语
不定式作定语与前面的名词或代词有动宾关系时，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
I have a lot of work to do this week. 本周我有很多工作要做。
7、be worth doing结构 在be worth doing结构中，-ing分词形式表示被动含义。句子的主语在逻辑上是-ing分词的宾语。 The film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得看。
（六）不宜用被动语态的动词
英语中并非所有动宾结构的句子都能改为被动语态。现将不宜改为被动语态的句子类型举例说明如下：
1、当have, cost, fit, last, hold等表示状态的及物动词作谓语时
Our village has twenty tractors. 我们村有20台拖拉机。
The hall can hold 2000 people. 这个大厅能盛2000人。
The war lasted four years. 这场战争持续了4年。
2、当某些及物动词（如leave, enter, join,等）的宾语是表示处所、地点或组织时
The students entered the classroom one by one. 学生门陆续地进了教室。
My brother joined the Party two years ago. 我哥哥2年前入了党。
My father left his hometown five years ago. 我父亲5年前离开了家乡。
3、当主动句中有表示数量、长度、大小或程度等的词或词组作宾语，但此宾语在意义上相当于状语时
Each stone weighs as much as two and a half tons. 每块石头重达两吨半。
He ran ten miles without rest. 他一气跑了10英里路。
4、当表示行为、方式的宾语在意义上相当于状语时
He spoke that way his father had spoken just now.他学着他父亲刚才的样子讲话。
5、当句子的宾语和谓语是一个不可分割的整体时
We Chinese always keep words. 我们中国人说话是算数的。
6、当句子的宾语是反身代词时
He can dress himself. 他能自己穿衣服。 Help yourself to the dishes. 随便吃菜。
7、当句子的宾语为相互代词时
We learned from and helped each other. 我们互相学习互相帮助。
For years the three sisters looked after one another. 多年来仨姐妹互相照顾。
8、当句子的宾语是同源宾语时
The Browns live a happy life. 布朗一家过着幸福的生活。
9、当句子的宾语为行为者（主语）身体上某一部分时。
I couldn't believe my eyes when I saw him still alive. 看到他还活着，我简直不相信自己的眼睛。
He hurt his foot by jumping over a fence. 他跨越栅栏时伤了脚。
10、某些动词+介词的惯用词组也不能变为被动句
The book belongs to me. 这本书是我的。
11、当句子的宾语是动名词或动名词短语时。He likes studying English. 他喜欢学习英语
12、当句子的宾语是动词不定式或动词不定式短语时
I wish to go there myself. 我想亲自去那里一趟。
注意：少数以不定式（短语）做宾语的动词（如agree, feel, decide, think等）可以变为被动句，但不能以不定式（短语）直接做被动句的主语，而要借助it为先行主语，将不定式（短语）置于谓语动词之后。
He has decided to go and study abroad.
→It has been decided(by him)to go and study abroad. 他已决定出国留学。
时态语态巩固提高动词时态与语态专练
语法讲解
一、动词时态
（一）一般现在时
一般现在时常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，应用动词的单数第三人称形式。一般现在时主要有以下几种用法：
1、一般现在时表示现在经常发生或习惯性的行为或状态，常与usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes等时间状语连用。
He always sleeps with the windows open.他总是开着窗子睡觉。
2、一般现在时表示主语的性格、特征、能力等。He works hard .他工作很努力
3、一般现在时表示客观事实或普遍真理，也用在格言中。
The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
4、在时间、条件、比较等状语从句中表将来的动作
在由when, if, after, before, as, as soon as, the minute, the next time, in case, though, till, until, unless, so long as, where, whatever, whenever等引导的状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时，但应注意，主句的谓语动词必须用一般将来时。The volleyball match will be put off if it rains. 如果下雨，排球赛将推迟。
5、表示安排或计划好的将来动作，通常限于表示"运动"的动词，如：go, come, leave, start等。The train starts at 10 o' clock in the morning.火车在上午10点发车。
（二）一般过去时
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态，常和表示过去的时间连用，yesterday, last night, in 1990, two days ago等。也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often, always等表示频度的时间状语连用。
1、表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或状态，常有明确的时间状语，如yesterday，last night, some years ago，in1890等，以及由when等引导的时间状语从句。
2、表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作常与often，usually，seldom等表示频度的副词连用。When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there.我在乡村里，经常去拜访那里的朋友。
3、在条件、时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.他们说如果听到什么关于他的消息，就通知我们。
4、表示虚拟语气
这一用法只适用于某些特定的句型，表示现在或将来的非真实、主观意图或愿望。
If only I had a better memory.要是我的记忆力好一点就好了。
If it rained tomorrow, the match would be put off.要是明天下雨，比赛就会延期举行。
（三）一般将来时
1、一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, in the future, next year等。一般将来时由“助动词will/shall+动词原形”构成。
2、一般将来时的其他表达法
（1）“be going to+动词原形”表将来
①这种结构表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。
They are going to meet outside the school gate.他们打算在校门口见面。
②还可表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，认为某事即将发生、肯定会发生或可能出现的情况。I think I'm going to die. 我想我要死了。(现在生命垂危) Look at the cloud. It's going to rain.瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。(乌云密布，使我断定天要下雨)
③这种结构表示“肯定、预测，注定会”。在这种情况下可以和“think, hope, want, belive, like”等表示静态的动词连用。 He failed in the exam; he knew he was going to when he looked at the test paper.他没考及格，他一看试卷就知道考不及格。
The voters aren't going to like him.选民们不会喜欢他的。
“be about to+动词原形”表将来
（2）“be about to+动词原形”表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。The English evening is about to start.英语晚会即将开始。
（3）“be to+动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要求要发生的动作，这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意见。
There's to be a slide show this afternoon.今天下午要放幻灯。
You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.到10点你得交上试卷。
（4）用现在进行时来表示将来
现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词，如come , go , leave, start ,move, arrive等，还有join, play, eat, work, return, take, wear, stay, sleep, meet等。常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
I'm leaving for Tibet on Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。
When are you going back to your factory 你什么时候回工厂？
（5）一般现在时表示将来
用一般现在时表示根据规定预计要发生、安排或计划好的将来的动作。这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词，如come, go, leave, start, begin, sail, return, stop, end, open, stay等。The plane starts at 8 o'clock in the morning.飞机上午8点起飞。
When does the show begin 展览什么时候开始？
（四）现在进行时
现在进行时由“助动词be（is/am/are）+ v-ing”构成。它的用法如下：
1、表示说话人说话时正在进行的动作，它不涉及该动作的发生和结果，译成汉语“正在”，这一用法常和表示此刻的时间状语连用，如now, at this time, at present，at the moment等。
2、表示现阶段但并非眼下正在进行着的动作，这种动作常与表示一段的时间状语连用，如these days , this week等。
3、表示将来的动作,表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作，或即将开始或进行的动作。常用的这类词go, come, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, move, return, stay, stop, do, dine等，通常要与表示将来的时间状语连用，以区别此刻正在进行的动作。He is coming to see you tomorrow.他明天要来看你。
4、表达褒贬等感彩
和always ,forever, continually, constantly, instantly, continuously等频度副词连用，表示经常、反复发生的动作，不强调动作的进行性。表达厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。
He is constantly leaving his things about.他时常乱丢东西。（表责怪）
She is always changing her clothes.她老是换衣服。（表责怪）
He is always working hard.他总是学习很用功。（表赞赏）
They're forever quarrelling about something.他们老是为某件事争吵。(不满)
5、wonder, hope, think 等表示心理的动词用于进行时可以表示婉转的语气
I'm wondering if I may come a little late.我在想我能不能晚来一会儿。
（五）过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。构成过去进行时常由“助动词be的过去时was/were+现在分词”构成。用法如下：
1、表示过去某一时刻正在或过去某段时间正在进行的动作。动作发生的特定时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明。
注意：在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时，另一个动作用一般过去时。如果表示两个延续动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，而不考虑动作的先后长短，则主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时。
When I entered the room, she was sitting at her desk.我进屋的时候，她正坐在书桌前面。
The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework.学生们在看书，而老师在批改他们的家庭作业。
2、用来描写故事发生的背景
在口语或记叙文中，可以用过去进行时表示的持续动作作为背景，以此引出由一般过去时表示的新动作。
It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A young woman suddenly appeared on the river bank.一个漆黑的夜晚，狂风大作，大雨倾盆，一位年轻的妇女突然出现在河岸上。
3、代替过去将来时
用于come, go ,leave, start, stay, arrive等表位置转移的动词，以表示过去将要发生的动作。
She asked me whether he was starting the next day.她问我他是否第二天就走。
4、表达褒贬等感彩
过去进行时也可以和always，constantly，continually，forever等连用，表示说话人的主观感情，如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。
He was always trying out new ideas.他总是试验一些新的设想。
He was forever complaining about something.他老是怨这怨那。
5、wonder, hope, think，want 等表示心理的动词用于进行时可以表示婉转的语气
---Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor --打扰了,先生。你能帮我个忙吗？
---Of course. What is it --当然。什么事？
---I was wondering if you could tell me how to fill out this form. --我一直在想你是否能告诉我怎样填这张表。
（六）现在完成时
现在完成时由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成。现在完成时的用法如下：
1、表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，通常使用不具有延续意义的动词，arrive, become, begin, break等。这种用法可带有迄今意义的时间状语，如up to now, so far, already, not...yet等。也可带有包括现在时间在内的时间状语，如now, recently, in the past few years, just等。
I have already posted the photos.我已经把照片寄出了。
2、表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，也许还将继续下去。这种用法通常用于具有延续意义的动词，如live, stay, work等，并带有表示时间段的状语或迄今意义的时间的状语，如for, since等。
They have lived in Beijing since 2002.他们自从2002年以来就住在北京。
注意：表示短暂的动作动词或状态动词不能用于这种用法，如arrive, come, go, leave等。如，不能说：She has come to our school for 2 years.
3、表示到现在为止的一段时间内重复发生的动作。常与often, always 等连用。
He has been late for class every morning this week.这个星期他每天早晨都迟到。
My father has always gone to work by bike.我爸爸一向骑车上班。
4、用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。
He will be back before I have finished my work.我完成工作之前他会回来的。
5、用在“It(This) is(will be ) the first/second/third…time+ that从句”中
在这种从句中，当主句动词为is/will be时，that-从句的动词用现在完成时，that 可以省略。主句中的主语还可用this, this evening等; 这种结构中的first也可用其他序数词；time也可由其他名词替代。
This is the first time I have been here.这是我第一次来这里。
It'll be the first time I've spoken in public.这将是我第一次当众讲话。
6、 “It (This)is the best( worst, most interesting等) + 名词+从句”结构中的从句要求用现在完成时
This is the best film I've ever seen.这是我所看过得最好的一部电影。
This is the most interesting novel he has ever written.这是他写得最好的一部小说。
7、现在完成时可以表示反问的语气（与when连用）或感彩
- Who is Jerry Cooper 杰利 库珀是谁呀？
- Haven't you met him yet I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. 你还没见过他？我看见你和他在开会时握手了。Now you've done it.你这下可闯祸了。
When have I been treated like this 我什么时候吃这一套？
8、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时与一般过去时都表示完成的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in1990等。而一般过去时则表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。（我了解这部电影的内容）
I saw the film last week.我上星期看了这个电影。（只说明上星期看了这个电影，不涉及现在的情况）
He has lived here since 1972.1972年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里）
He lived here in 1972.1972年他们住在这里。（不涉及到现在是否还住在这里）
9、使用现在完成时应注意的几点
（1）现在完成时不能和明确表示过去的时间状语(如yesterday, last week, in 1976, two days ago, just now等)连用，但可以和下列不确定的时间状语连用，如never, ever, always, yet, already, before, just, lately, so far, recently等。
She has already come.她已经来了。I have met him before.我以前曾见过他。
（2）现在完成时还可以和表示从过去某时刻延续到现在 (包括现在在内)的时间状语连用。如today，this year，these days，this morning等。
It has been hot this summer. 今年夏天一直很热。(说话时仍是夏天)
I have written two letters this morning. 今天上午我写了两封信。(说话时仍是上午)
（3）表示短暂意义的动词，如open，go，come，die，leave，arrive，begin， return，stop等，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如要表达"他离开这儿已经3年了"这一意思时，不能说" He has left here for three years. "而要把其中的动词换为延续性动词或用其他表达法。如上句可用下列方式表达:
He has been away from here for three years.
He left here three years ago. It is three years since he left here.
（4）have/has been to表示到过某个地方，而have/has gone to表示已经去了某处。
He has been to the Great Wall.他到过长城。(现在他已不在长城)
He has gone to the Great Wall.他去长城了。(现在他不在此地)
（七）过去完成时
过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成。用法如下：
1、过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语，也可用when, before，after，until等引导的从句或通过上下文表示。
When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。
2、表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去的动作，常和for, since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。
3、用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句或as if从句中表示与过去事实相反
If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.假如他昨天看到你，他就会问你这件事了。
Had I known that you wanted the book , I would have sent it.如果我知道你要这本书，我会送来的。
4、放在像said，told，asked，thought，wondered等过去时动词的后面，表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情。
My friend told me that he had passed the exam.我的朋友告诉我，他已通过了考试。
5、用在 "It was the first/second/third…time that…”句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。
This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years. 这是39年里他们第一次见面。
It was the first time we had spoken together. 这是我们第一次在一起说话。
6、intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时，表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图或希望等，含有某种惋惜。
I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.我本来昨天打算要去看你，但我来了个不速之客。
7、过去完成时常用结构有“hardly, scarcely, barely … when, no sooner… than等副词的句子里。
She hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang.他刚睡下铃就响了。
No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.他们刚刚离开大楼，一颗炸弹就爆炸了。
（八）过去将来时
过去将来时一般由 “助动词would(第二、三人称)/should(第一人称)+动词原形”构成。不论什么人称，美国英语皆可用would。用法如下：
1、表示对过去某一时间点而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句中。
I thought they would come to help me.我认为他们会来帮我的。
He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.他说他要在车站等我们。
2、表示过去的某种习惯行为
He would sit for hours doing nothing.过去他常常坐几个钟头什么事也不做。
He would come to see us on Sundays.过去星期天他经常来看望我们。
3、过去将来时的其它表达法
（1）was/were going to
①表示过去的打算和意图
He was going to start work the following week.他打算下星期开始工作。（打算）
②表示没有实现的打算和意图
He was going to come last night, but it rained.他打算昨晚来，但下雨了。(没实现)
I thought the film was going to be interesting.我想这部电影会很有趣的。（结果不是）
（2）was/were to+动词原形
这种结构通常指过去的计划安排或注定要发生的事情。如果计划的动作没有实现，要用动词的完成式。
At that time he did not know that quitting the job was to become the turning point in his life.( 注定要发生的事情)那时他不知道辞职将会成为他生活的转折点。
She said she was to take up the position.(表示打算)他说他打算上任。
She said she was to have taken up the position.( 计划但未能实现) 他说他本打算上任。
（3）was/were about to＋动词原形
was/were about to＋动词原形，表示过去即将发生的事。
The meeting was about to be held the following day.会议打算第二天开。
（4）表示位置转移的动词 (如go，come，leave，start等)的过去进行时，表示按照过去的计划安排将在过去将来发生的事情。
I didn't know you were coming.我不知道你会来。
（九）其他时态
1、现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时由“助动词have/has been+ -ing形式”构成。用法如下：
（1）现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。
They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了。
（2）表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束。
I have been waiting you for about one hour.我等你大约一个小时了。(说话时"等"的动作刚结束)
（3）表示重复（只断断续续，而非一直不停）
We've been discussing the matter several times this year.我们今年已数次讨论那件事。
（4）现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较
A. 现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成，或者在过去曾经发生过的动作；现在完成时往往表示仍将继续下去的动作。
I have written an article.我写了一篇文章。（已完成）
I have been writing an article.我一直在写一篇文章。（还在写）
B.当现在完成进行时表示刚刚结束时，现在完成时强调动作的结果，现在完成进行时则强调动作在不久以前持续进行的情景，并带有感色彩。
Now we have cleaned the room; we can move the things in .现在房子打扫好了，我们可以往里搬东西了。（强调打扫完了的结果）
—You look so tired. What have you been doing 你看起来很累，你干什么了？
—I've been playing football.我踢足球了。（强调不久前踢球的情景）
2、将来进行时
将来进行时由“助动词shall/will+be+v-ing”构成，用法如下:
（1）表示将来某一时刻或某段时间正在发生的动作，常与this time tomorrow, at 4 o'clock tomorrow afternoon等时间状语连用。
I'll be visiting professor Li at 2 this afternoon.今天下午2点我将拜访李教授。
At this time tomorrow we’ll be flying over the Atlantic. 明天此时我们正在飞越大西洋的上空。
（2）表示一种已经决定或肯定的动作或情况，或表示某动作将在按计划发生而未完成。
We shall be having a meeting in a minute.我们一会儿就要开会。
Will you be seeing Mr.Wang this evening 今晚你会见王先生吗？
3、将来完成时
将来完成时表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作。将来完成时由“shall /will +have +v-ed”构成。用法如下：
（1）将来完成时表示将来某一时间或动作发生之前已经完成的动作，通常与before或by连用。
By the end of this month , we'll have studied 10 units.到这月末，我们将学完10单元。
（2）表示持续到将来某一时间的动作或状态,这动作或状态也可能将继续进行下去。
When they move here next month, we'll have lived in the city for 5 years.下月他们搬到这里时，我们已住在该市五年了。
（3）表示对现在或将来可能完成动作的推测
It is seven. He will have got up.现在7点，他可能已经起床了
4、过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时主要表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。过去完成进行时由“助动词had+ been+ v-ing”构成。
（1）过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去这一时间。这一动作可能己经停止也可能还在进行。
She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.她告诉我她己经学习法语5年了。（仍继续）
She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.她告诉我她己经等我一个钟头了。（不再继续）
（2）表示反复的动作、企图、情绪、最近的情况
You had been giving me everything.你对我真是有求必应。（感激）
I had been studying the meaning of the poem.我一直在研究这首诗。（我还没懂）
二、动词的语态
（一）被动语态构成
被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象，一般说来只有及物动词才有被动语态。其构成为“be+及物动词的过去分词”。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态时，由“情态动词（can, may must, have to等）+be +动词的-ed形式。含有“be going to , be to, used to, be about to”等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态时，其构成为“be going to （be to, used to, be about to）+ be +动词的-ed形式”构成。
（二）被动语态的适用范围
1、当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。这时不用by短语。
This jacket is made of cotton. 这件上衣是棉料的。
2、为了强调动作的承受者时
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 要求参观者不可触摸展品。
3、出于策略、委婉、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者
You are said to be active recently. 据说你最近很活跃。
常用于如下短语：
It’s not known that… ……不得而知 It’s said that… 据说……
It’s reported that… 据报道…… It’s not decided that…尚未决定
It’s believed that… 据认为…… It’s announced that…据宣布……
（三）主动语态变为被动语态
主动语态变为被动语态要遵循以下原则：主动句中的宾语变为被动结构的主语（如果是人称代词，宾格变为主格）；把主动句中的谓语变为被动结构；主动句中的主语变为by介词短语（如果是人称代，主格变为宾格），有时介词短语可省去。
1、含有单个宾语的主动句变为被动句
在一般情况下，将主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，动词变为被动语态，主动句的主语变为by的宾语，但是短语可以不要。
Everyone likes the book. (active voice)大家都喜欢这本书。
→The book is liked by everyone. (passive voice)这本书受大家喜欢。
2、含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句
有些动词后面可以跟“宾语+补足语”结构，这种结构被称作复合宾语。含复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，只将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，宾语补足语保留不动，这时它就成了主语补足语。可以充当宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、动词不定式、V-ing和V-ed等。
（1）行为动词
They advised her to take the medicine. (active voice)他们劝她吃这种药。
→She was advised to take the medicine. (passive voice)她被劝告吃这种药。
（2）感官动词和使役动词跟不定式作宾补时
在主动句中，动词不定式做感官动词（see, watch, hear等）和使役动词（make ,have）的宾语补足语，通常省去动词不定式符号to。但改为被动结构后，要把省略了to再加上。
They made him go there alone. 他们让他自己去那里。
→He was made to go there alone. 他被迫自己去那里。
注意：动词是let时，其被动结构中不定式仍不带to。
They let John go. 他们让约翰走。→John was let go. 约翰不得不走。
3、含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句
①直接宾语是名词、代词时
有些动词（give, tell, buy等）在句中做谓语时可有两个宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语），又称双宾语。含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，可以将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。一般是将主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语。当直接宾语变为被动结构的主语时，间接宾语前应加介词to（有时可以省去）或for。
She gave me the book. (active voice)她给了我这本书。
→I was given the book. (passive voice)有人送给我一本书
→The book was given to me. (passive voice)。这本书是别人送的。
注意：被动句中两个间接宾语对比时，其前的介词to不可省略。
This apple is given to me, not to you. 这个苹果是给我的，不是给你的。
②直接宾语是从句时
如果直接宾语是从句时，一般只能构成以间接宾语为主语的被动句。
Someone told me where the accident had happened. （passive voice）有人告诉我事故是在何处发生的。
→I was told where the accident had happened. (passive voice)我被告知事故在何处发生。
4、带宾语从句的主动句换为被动句
（1）带宾语从句的主动句换为被动句时，通常用it作为被动结构的形式主语。
We believed that he was ill. 我们相信他病了。
→It was believed that he was ill. 都相信他病了。
（2）带宾语从句的主动句换为被动句时，可以改为不定式结构
He said the play was very interesting. 他说这台戏剧很有趣。
→The play was said to be very interesting. 据说这台戏剧很有趣。
5、带有情态动词或be going to的主动句换为被动句
如果主动句带有情态动词或be going to(be about to, be to, used to, have to )等，在变为被动句时，情态动词或be going to等不变，只是后面的主动词变为被动语态。
He is going to give me a book. 他打算给我一本书。
→I am going to be given a book. 有人打算给我一本书。
We must take measures to stop pollution. 我们必须采取措施制止污染。
→Measures must be taken to stop pollution. 必须采取措施制止污染。
（三）被动结构的时态
被动语态的时态是由be的不同时态+及物动词的-ed形式来构成的
1、一般现在时
一般现在时的被动结构是由“be的一般现在时（am/is/are）+及物动词的-ed形式”构成。
Football is played all over the world. 全世界都踢足球。
2、一般过去式
一般过去式的被动结构是由“be的一般过去式（was/were）+及物动词的-ed形式” 构成。
The building was built in 1559. 这座建筑是1559年建成的。
3、一般将来时 一般将来时的被动结构是由“be的一般将来时（shall/will be）+及物动词的-ed形式” 构成。
More factories will be built in my hometown. 我们家乡会建更多的工厂。
4、现在进行时 现在进行时的被动结构是由“be的现在进行时（am/is/are being）+及物动词的-ed形式” 构成。
The life of the milu is being studied at present. 目前人们正在研究麋鹿的生活习惯。
5、现在完成时 现在完成时的被动语态是由“be的现在进行时（has/have been）+及物动词的-ed形式” 构成。
All the preparations for the task have been completed and we're ready to start. 任务的准备工作业已完成，我么们准备开始。
6、过去进行时 过去进行时的被动语态是由“be的过去进行时（was/were being）+及物动词的-ed形式” 构成。 When I got there a new road was being built by them. 我到那里时，他们正在建一条新路。
7、过去完成时 过去完成时的被动语态是由“be的过去完成时（had been）+及物动词的-ed形式” 构成。 He asked me how many English words had been learned by that year. 他问我到那年我学了多少英语单词。
8、含有情态动词或be going to 的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动结构是由“情态动词或be going to(be about to, used to, be to, have to等)+be+及物动词的-ed形式” 构成。
This bike can be mended in two hours. 两个小时内可修好该自行车。
They have to be given a lot of money. 必须给他们很多钱。
9、短语动词的被动语态 通常只有及物动词才有被动语态，但有些短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有被动语态，但短语动词是一个不可分隔的整体，变为被动语态时不可去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。
Have you sent for the doctor 你派人去请医生了吗
→Has the doctor been sent for 派人去请医生了吗
注意：主动结构的谓语动词为“不及物动词+名词+介词”构成的及物的短语动词时，通常把它看成一个整体。但也可将这类短语动词本身的名词用作主语，构成被动语态，尤其是在名词前有定语修饰时。
Good care must be taken of the babies particularly while they are ill. 必须仔细照料这些孩子，尤其是在他们生病时。
You should pay more attention to your pronunciation. 你应当注意你的发音。
→More attention should be paid to your pronunciation. 注意你的发音。
（四）Get型被动语态
被动语态的基本形式是由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。但在现代英语中大量地出现了由“get+及物动词的过去分词”构成的被动语态，这叫get-型被动语态。get-型被动语态中的过去分词数量有限，通常为单个的动词或比较简单的动词短语。
1、get+及物动词的过去分词
get常同marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress, pay, wound等动词的-ed形式连用，构成被动语态。这种结构一般指动作的结果而非动作本身，常指“最后终于，突然发生”等意义。
He got wounded in the battle. 他在战斗中受伤了。
The boy got hurt on his way home from work. 男孩在回家的路上受伤了。
2、get-型被动语态一般不宜用在含有双宾语的结构中，也不宜与see, hear, watch, listen to等感官动词构成被动语态。
The old man was offered a large sum of money. （正）有人给了这位老人一大笔钱。The old man got offered a large sum of money. ( 误)
3、get-型被动语态有时有言外之意或具有感彩
He got taught a lesson. 他被教训了一顿。（有“活该”之意）
How did the window get closed. 窗户怎么关上了？（有“不该关上”之意）
4、get-型被动语态有时表示开始进入某种状态，而be+动词的-ed形式只表示存在的状态。
She got tired. 她感到累了。（有开始感到疲劳的含义）
She was tired. (只表示“她累了”)
（五）主动形式表示被动意义
1、既是及物又是不及物的动词
一些既是及物又是不及物的动词。如read, write, sell, open, shut, begin, wash, wear, cut, lock, play, pack, strike, split, act, draw, iron, dry, eat heat, clean等；此类动词常接副词作状语（有些可以不加）。
Books of this kind sell well. 这本书很畅销。 The door won't shut. 门关不上。
2、系动词
系动词look, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, seem, appear等。此类动词常接形容词作表语。
-Do you like the material 你喜欢这块面料吗？
-Yes, it feels very soft. 喜欢，手感不错。
The dish tastes good. 这菜味道不错。
3、need等词后面常接主动的-ing分词形式
need, want, require，stand, take, won’t bear, repay, deserve等词后面常接主动的-ing分词形式，表示被动意义。在这种情况下，句子的主语在逻辑上是-ing分词的宾语。
Your hair needs cutting. 你的头发需要理。
The room wants cleaning everyday. 这个房间需要每天打扫。
The point deserves mentioning. 这一点值得提。
The rules take some learning. 这规则需要下点功夫学。
That won’t bear thinking of. 那不堪想象。
4、某些表语的形容词后，用不定式主动表示被动
当动词不定式作表语形容词（如形容词easy, difficult, hard等）的状语，又与句子的主语构成动宾关系时，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
This question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很那回答。
The room is comfortable to live in. 这屋子住起来很舒服。
5、某些作宾补的形容词后，用不定式主动表示被动
当动词不定式作宾补形容词（如形容词easy, difficult, hard等）的状语，又与句子的宾语构成动宾关系时，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
We find the man hard to get along with. 我们发现这个人很难相处。
I think English easy to learn. 我发现英语很好学。
6、不定式作定语
不定式作定语与前面的名词或代词有动宾关系时，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
I have a lot of work to do this week. 本周我有很多工作要做。
7、be worth doing结构 在be worth doing结构中，-ing分词形式表示被动含义。句子的主语在逻辑上是-ing分词的宾语。 The film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得看。
（六）不宜用被动语态的动词
英语中并非所有动宾结构的句子都能改为被动语态。现将不宜改为被动语态的句子类型举例说明如下：
1、当have, cost, fit, last, hold等表示状态的及物动词作谓语时
Our village has twenty tractors. 我们村有20台拖拉机。
The hall can hold 2000 people. 这个大厅能盛2000人。
The war lasted four years. 这场战争持续了4年。
2、当某些及物动词（如leave, enter, join,等）的宾语是表示处所、地点或组织时
The students entered the classroom one by one. 学生门陆续地进了教室。
My brother joined the Party two years ago. 我哥哥2年前入了党。
My father left his hometown five years ago. 我父亲5年前离开了家乡。
3、当主动句中有表示数量、长度、大小或程度等的词或词组作宾语，但此宾语在意义上相当于状语时
Each stone weighs as much as two and a half tons. 每块石头重达两吨半。
He ran ten miles without rest. 他一气跑了10英里路。
4、当表示行为、方式的宾语在意义上相当于状语时
He spoke that way his father had spoken just now.他学着他父亲刚才的样子讲话。
5、当句子的宾语和谓语是一个不可分割的整体时
We Chinese always keep words. 我们中国人说话是算数的。
6、当句子的宾语是反身代词时
He can dress himself. 他能自己穿衣服。 Help yourself to the dishes. 随便吃菜。
7、当句子的宾语为相互代词时
We learned from and helped each other. 我们互相学习互相帮助。
For years the three sisters looked after one another. 多年来仨姐妹互相照顾。
8、当句子的宾语是同源宾语时
The Browns live a happy life. 布朗一家过着幸福的生活。
9、当句子的宾语为行为者（主语）身体上某一部分时。
I couldn’t believe my eyes when I saw him still alive. 看到他还活着，我简直不相信自己的眼睛。
He hurt his foot by jumping over a fence. 他跨越栅栏时伤了脚。
10、某些动词+介词的惯用词组也不能变为被动句
The book belongs to me. 这本书是我的。
11、当句子的宾语是动名词或动名词短语时。He likes studying English. 他喜欢学习英语
12、当句子的宾语是动词不定式或动词不定式短语时
I wish to go there myself. 我想亲自去那里一趟。
注意：少数以不定式（短语）做宾语的动词（如agree, feel, decide, think等）可以变为被动句，但不能以不定式（短语）直接做被动句的主语，而要借助it为先行主语，将不定式（短语）置于谓语动词之后。
He has decided to go and study abroad.
→It has been decided(by him)to go and study abroad. 他已决定出国留学。
时态语态巩固提高
1. When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He ____ her before.
A. never saw B. had never seen C. never sees D. has never seen
2． My mind wasn't on what he was saying so I' m afraid I _half of it.
A. was missing B. had missed　　 C. will miss D. missed
3．- Has Sam finished his homework today - I have no idea. He ______ it this morning.
A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done
4． I ______ you not to move my dictionary -- now I can’t find it.
A. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had asked
5. According to the art dealer, the painting ______ to go for at least a million dollars.
A. is expected B. expects C. expected D. is expecting
6．— The window is dirty. — I know. It _____ for weeks.
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
7.-- Thank goodness, you're here! What ______ you -- Traffic jam.
A. keeps B. is keeping C. had kept D. kept
8. The house could fall down soon if no one____some quick repair work.
A. has done B. is doing C. does D. had done
9. More patients ___________ in hospital this year than last year.
A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated
10. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _____to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun
11. The discussion ____ alive when an interesting topic was brought in.
A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came
12. Because the shop _____, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.
A. has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down
13. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______ advertisements showing happy families. A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen
14. ---- I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
---- Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ______
A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left
15．—You were out when I dropped in at your house.
—Oh ,I _______ for a friend from England at the airport.
A．was waiting B．had waited C．am waiting D．have waited
16．She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book ________ 50 million.
A．have reached B．has reached C．are reaching D．had reached
17．It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931)_____the world leading inventor for sixty years. A．would be B．has been C．had been D．was
18. The crazy fans _____patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.
A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait
19.She ______her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to C.hongqing for a better job.
A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. was changing
20. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945 and their power ______ increased enormously ever since. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been
21. The number of deaths form heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _______ to eat more fruit and vegetables.
A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded C. are persuaded
22. —What’s that terrible noise
—The neighbors ____ for a party.
A. have prepare B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare
23. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered B .has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider
24. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics
___ by 2006.
A. has been completed B. has completed
C. will have been completed D. will have completed
25.The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ____ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. A. was B. were C.had been D. would be
26. Let’s keep to the point or we _______ any decisions.
A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached
27. Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you can't have time to ______ before the party.
A. get changed B. get changed C. get changing D. get to change
28. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness.
A．has grown B．is growing C．grew D．had grown
29. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge It will fresh for several days.
A．be stayed B．stay C．be staying D．have stayed
30. At this time tomorrow _____over the Atlantic.
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
31. The news came as no surprise to me. I _____for some time that the factory was going to shut down. A. had known B. knew C. known D. know
32.I can't see any coffee in this cupboard. _______
A .Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished
C. Has it all fished D. Did it all finish
33. ____ my sister three times today but her line was always busy.
A. I'd phoned B. I've been phoning C. I've phoned D. I was phoning
时态语态答案
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. D8. C 9．D 10．B 11. D
12. C 13.A 14. D 15．A 16．A17．D 18. B 19. C 20. C 21. D 22. B 23.B
24.C 25A 26. A 27.A 28. C 29. B 30．B 31.A 32. A 33. C英语动词时态练习
请用正确的动词和时态填入下列各词： 　　1. He __________ back a month ago. (come) 　　2. My mother often tells me __________ in bed. (not read) 　　3. I must take it back the day after tomorrow. You can only __________ it for 24 hours. (保存) 　　4. Why have you kept me __________ here for so long a time (wait) 　　5. Please come to our meeting if you __________ free tomorrow. (be) 　　6. She __________ to the Great Wall several times. (goes) 　　7. In his letter, he said that he __________ us very much. (miss) 　　8. The film __________ for nearly fifteen minutes when I got to the cinema. (be) 　　9. He said he became __________ in physics. (interest) 　　10. This film is worth __________. (see) 　　11. He went to school instead of __________ home. (go) 　　12. In the old days it was difficult for the poor to __________ a job. (找) 　　13. It’s cold outside, so you’d better __________ your coat. (穿上) 　　14. He is hungry. Please give him something __________. (eat) 　　15. Please don’t waste time __________ TV every evening. You should word hard at English. (watch) 　　16. We found the window __________. (break) 　　17. You have dropped your pencil. __________. (拾起来) 　　18. Mother often tells me __________ too late. (not come home) 　　19. You had better __________ by bus, or you will be late. (go) 　　20. I will __________ Li Ming the good news as soon as I see him. (告诉) 　　21. Great changes __________ in our country since 1978. (take place) 　　22. I __________ my daughter since last month. (hear from) 　　23. It __________ me two days to write the article. (花费) 　　24. Don’t touch that __________ child. (sleep) 　　25. Every time he tried to start the car, the wheels __________ deepersintosthe mud. (sink) 　　26. When I got home, I found that my room __________ breaksintosand a lot of things __________. (steal) 　　27. If I had arrived there earlier, I __________ him. (meet) 　　28. I didn’t remember __________ her the book before. (give) 　　29. He called at every door, __________ people the exciting news. (tell) 　　30. Yesterday Mary couldn’t finish her homework, so she has to go on __________ it this afternoon. (do) 　　31. We __________ football when it began to rain. We had to stop and go home. (play) 　　32. Xiao Lin __________ from here for about two hours. (be away) 　　33.swheres__________ Can you find your birth place on the map 　　Sorry, I can’t. (be born) 　　34. Last night we __________ back home until the teacher left school. (not go) 　　rade Li Dazhao __________ in prison in 1927. (put) 　　36.swheresis professor Lee 　　He __________ to the library. He’ll come back soon. (go) 　　37. We could not help __________ after we heard the story. (laugh) 　　38. Would you please __________ me an English-Chinese dictionary when you come (bring) 　　39. He told me that he __________ the Great Wall the year before. (visit) 　　40. I’ll tell him the news as soon as he __________ back. (come) 　　41. The boy __________ by the door is my brother. (stand) 　　42. Do you remember __________ the film last year (see) 　　43. There __________ a physics test next Monday. (be) 　　44. __________ I finish my homework in class (必须) 　　No, you needn’t. 　　45. I’m sorry you’ve missed the last bus. It __________ ten minutes ago. (leave) 　　46. Wei Fang is heard __________ English every morning. (hear) 　　47. John stopped __________ a rest (have) because he __________ for three hours. (work) 　　48. I’m sorry to have kept you __________. (wait) 　　49. A new theatre __________ now. (build) 　　50. The boys __________ basketball on the playground are my classmates. (play) 　　51. I regretted answering like that, I was sorry __________ so. (do) 　　52. Can’t you see I’m busy __________ (cook) 　　53. He __________ worried when comingsintosthe teacher’s office. (look) 　　54. __________ come beef! (随便吃点) 　　55. It’s a great shame for me __________ in front of so many people. (laugh at)
答案 　　1. came 　　2. not to read 　　3. keep 　　4. waiting 　　5. are 　　6. has been 　　7. missed 　　8. had been on 　　9. interested 　　10. seeing 　　11. going 　　12. find 　　13. put on 　　14. to eat 　　15. watching 　　16. broken 　　17. Pick it up 　　18. not to come home 　　19. go 　　20. tell 　　21. have taken place 　　22. have heard from 　　23. took 　　24. sleeping 　　25. sank 　　26. had been broken in to / stolen 　　27. would have met 　　28. giving /shavingsgiven 　　29. telling 　　30. doing 　　31. were playing 　　32. has been away 　　33. were you born 　　34. didn’t go 　　35. was put 　　36. has gone 　　37. laughing 　　38. bring 　　39. had visited 　　es 　　41. standing 　　42. seeing 　　43. is going to be 　　44. Must 　　45. left 　　46. to read 　　47. to have…had worked 　　48. waiting 　　49. is being built 　　50. playing 　　51. to do / to have done 　　52. cooking 　　53. looked 　　54. Help yourself to 　　55. to be laughed at 【
　　时态语态单项选择100题
1 Here _____the bus!
A is coming B comesC has come D has been coming
2 It's the third time I ______him this month.
A had seen B see C saw D have seen
3 If you go to the western suburbs of the city , you ___a lot of new buildings .
A will see B have seen C see D are going to see
4 ---- I have bought an English -Chinese dictionary.
---- When and where ___you__ _it
A do buy B did buy C have bought D had bought
5 She showed him the photo she __the day before.
A has taken B took C was taking D had taken
6 While Tom ___, his sister is writing.
A reads B has read C has been reading D is reading
7 By the time he was ten, Edison _____experiments in chemistry.
A had already done B already had done
C was already doing D already did
8 I don't know if it _____or not tomorrow.
A will snow B snows C has snowed D is snowing
9 He was sixty-eight. In two years he _____seventy.
A was going to be B would be C had been D will be
10 Tom ___for more than a week.
A has left B has gone away C went awayD has been away
11 He said that honesty _____the key to success.
A was B will be C is D is being
12 She _____in London till nest Monday.
A will have stayed B has stayed
C is staying D has been staying
13 We _____each other since I left Shanghai.
A haven't seen B hadn't seen
C didn't see D wouldn't see
14 I'll return the book to the library as soon as I_ __it .
A will finish B am going to finish
C finished D have finished
15 She has bought some cloth, she ____herself a dress.
A makes B is going to make C would make D has made
16 Don't go and bother him. He _____in the room.
A writes B has written C is writing D has been writing
17 ___you ___
A Do --marry B Have - married
C Have --been married D Are --married
18 Tom: This is a terribly heavy box.
John: I ____you to carry it.
A will help B am going to help
C had better to help D had rather help
19 She told me that her father _____to the post office when I arrived
A just went B has just gone
C had just gone D had just been going
20 Don't get of f until the bus _____.
A stopped B will stop C will have stopped D stops
21 Peter said that he _____home the next day.
A was going to B will go C would go D had gone
22 He ____with us since he returned last month.
A lives B lived C had lived D has lived
23 They __to help but could not get here in time.
A had wanted B have wanted C was wanting D want
24 They will go to work in the countryside when they ____school next year .
A will leave B will have leave C are leaving D leave
25 I didn't know when they ___again.
A came B were coming C had come D had been coming
26 The fence ____near the window.
A stand B is standing C have stood D stands
27 They _____here for more than a month.
A have arrived B have reached C have come D have been
28 We ___a meeting from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon.
A had had B would have C were having D had
29 She told us she had met you in London last year. _____ you _____her since
A Had --met B Did --see C Would--meet D Have --seen
30 If it ____tomorrow, we won't go to the school farm.
A is to rain B will be raining C will rain D rains
31-___you ___to the 6:30 broadcast
A Have--listened B Did --listen
C Had -- listened D would --listen
32 I _____Tom has made a mistake.
A am thinking B shall think C think D have been thinking
33 I ___writing the article now.
A finish B is finishing C finished D have finished
34 When ____you___ to study English
A have --begunB did --beginC had --begun D do -- begin
35He was taken into hospital last week. In fact he _____ill for three months.
A has been B has got C had fallen D had been
36 I'll look after your children after you _____.
A will go B will have gone C are gone D went
37 He __of how he could do more for the people .
A will always think B is always thinking
C has always thought D does always think
38 The foreign friends _____here just now.
A left B have left C have been away from D had left
39 The teacher said that we ____ten lessons by the end of this term.
A should study B have studied
C were going to study D should have studied
40 We __there when it_ ___to rain.
A were getting --would beginB were about to get --began
C had got --had begun D would get--began
41 Han's Christian Anderson __a lot of fairy tales.
A had written B wrote C was writing D has written
42 It _____ten years since he left Shanghai.
A was B is C had been D will be
43 We _____ about two thousand English words by the end of last term.
A learnedB have learned C had learnedD would learn
44Since when __you __so many young trees
A have--planted B do --plant C did --plantD had --planted
45 It ___long before we celebrate the New Year's Day.
A isn't B hasn't been C wasn't D won't be
46 ---Where have you been ---I ___to the railway station.
A have gone B have been C went D am going
47 I ____along the road when suddenly some patted me on the shoulder from behind.
A walked B had walked C was walking D would walk
48 My brother ___Tom quite well, they were introduced at a Party.
A is knowingBwas knowing CknowsD had been knowing
49 I didn't know a thing about the verbs, for I ____them.
A wouldn't study B haven't studied
C hadn't studied D wasn't studying
50 Don't be late, Mary, the train _____at 8 a.m.
A is starting B has started C would start D starts
51 There will come a day when the people of the whole country __a happy life .
A live B will live C will have lived D are living
52 If I had enough money, I ____a trip.
A took B would take C had taken D would have taken
53 My father, who died fifteen years ago, _____very kind to me. A is B was C had been D would be
54 We _our seats till the party had begun.
Ahadn't foundBdidn't findC haven't foundD wouldn't fine
55 We _____that you would be able to visit us.
A hope B were hoping C have hoped D hoped
56 By 1914 Einstein ___world fame.
A gainedB would gain C had gained D was gaining
57 The man put on his hat and _____away.
A had gone B would go C has gone D went
58 Comrade Wang ____the Party for about three years.
A has attended B has joined
C has been in D has taken part in
59 -------______ you _____to New York
-------Yes, I ______there three years ago.
A Have --been--went B Did --go --have been
C Have --gone --went D Have --been --had gone
60 she was praised for what she ____
A did B has done C would do D had done
61 The book _____on the floor for ten minutes, but no one has picked it up.
A is lying B has lain C has been lying D lay
62 The boy _____. A bullet _______through his chest on the left side
A had died --passed B died --had passed
C died passed D had died --had passed
63 It ____and the streets were still wet.
A had been raining B rained C has rained D would rain
64 If I ____when he comes, wake me up.
A sleep B will sleep C am sleeping D will be sleeping
65 Hardly ____the bell _____when the teacher came in.
A did --ring B would --ring C has--rung D had --rung
66 I ____from him so far.
A didn't hear B don't hear C haven't heard D hadn't heard
67 The students went out before the bell ___.
A had rung B has rung C didn't ring D hadn't rung
68 It was two years since I ___with here.
A had dined B was dining C dined D had been dining
69 By this time next year, we_all the land onto rice fields.
A had turned B will have turned
C have turned D have been turning
70 What_____ you ______this time tomorrow morning
A will--do B have--been doing
C are—doing D will--be doing
71 In the past it__people two years to go round the world.
A had taken B has taken C took D was taking
72 Great changed_in my hometown in the past few years.
A were taken place B have been taken place
C took place D have taken place
73 His father _____several times during the war of liberation.
A had been wounded B was wounded
C wounded D had wounded
74 This novel ____well.
A sells B is sold C will be sold D has been sold
75 _____ the new color film ____this year
A Will--be shown B Did--show
C Are--shown D Has--been shown
76 The work _____ in two days.
A has been finished B will finish
C will be finished D are finished
77 I shouldn't trust him because he _____the police.
A is known by B knows C has known to D is known to
78 Thousands of people took part in the work when the Three Gorges project _____.
A would be built B was building
C were being built D had been built
79 This sick man _____to hospital right away.
A must send B will send C ought be sent D must be sent
80 Do you know when the Chinese Communist Party __
A is found B found C has been founded D was founded
81 When I got to his home, I___ that he ____to Beijing.
A told --had gone B was told --went
C was told--had gone D told --had been
82 we _____to be careful of rats since the whole street was full of rubbish.
A warned B have warned
C have been warned D were warning
83-__you __in the heavy rain last night
A Were--caught B Did--catch
C Had--been caught D Have--caught
84 How long _____the concert _____
A has -been lasted B did--last
C will --be lasted D was --lasted
85 when sugar ____ enough, a black substance appears.
A heats B is heated C will beat D will be heated
86 The fire of London __on the right of September, 1666.
A was broken out B had broken out
C broke out D broken out
87 The police __outside the ball in large numbers.
A have stationed B were stationed
C stationed D has been stationed
88 -------Why does Mary look to be so sorry -
------Because she ___by her classmates.
A has been laughed B has laughed at
C was laughed D has been laughed at
89 English textbooks ______in that publishing house.
A were published B have been published
C are published D had been published
90 The story ______, and everybody knows about it.
A has got round B got round
C was got round D has been got round
91 She wondered what _____over here.
A has happened B was happened
C had been happened D had happened
92 _____this dictionary _____to your brother
A Does --belong B Is --belonged
C Has --been belonged D Is--belonging
93 During the illness of their mother, the children ____by a neighbor.
A took care of B were taken care
C were taken care of D have been taken care
94 For this he ____on twice.
A has operated B operated
C had been operated D has been operated
95 Water ___into steam if it is heated to its boiling point.
A is going to be turned B will be turned
C has been turned D is being turned
96 We'd better do our Christmas shopping. Time ___
A is running out B is run out
C have been ran out D is running out of
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