英语高考应试对策[下学期]
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课件78张PPT。英语高考应试对策 杭十四中 邱锋First of all, I think it is necessary for our students to have a ten-minute break.On one hand, it is good to students’ eyes.On the other hand, students can listen carefully in the coming class.Furthermore, we must pay more attention to the kinds of rest.That is to say, we should not do our homework during all the ten minutes.We should not play too tired as well.In ten-minute break, I am always talking with my friends and watch view which far from me.
In brief, we should make full use of the ten-minute break. 总体印象语言应用 语言基础知识
运用能力
估计2006年英语科命题原则和试卷难度与今年差不多。在稳定的前提下，词汇量会略有增加。原因新教材词汇应有所体现。
语言知识：语言知识部分单项题中语用 和情景理解的与今年基本持平。
完形填空：完形填空综合考查考生的阅读理解能力和对词汇知识的掌握情况。阅读理解：篇幅有所加长，词汇量会有所增加。
单词拼写：不会太难
书面表达和短文改错：会基本保持稳定。
阅读除了有故事、科普文章外，还增加了外语广告等类型的材料，从而使阅读考试的题材更广泛，体现了英语的工具性。
难度逐年增加，阅读量加大(长度每篇幅为300词以上)。生词量控制在３％以内。难度与去年基本保持不变。
出题类型基本为 A.事实询问题；B.推理判断题；C.数据推算题；D.识图解意题；E.主旨大意题；F.常识题。
任务型阅读解决具体问题。
文章以应用性为主。
可能会有新的变化。
单词拼写估计与去年持平。
对词性掌握有进一步要求。
必须正确拼写单词。
改错改错题基本考查不定式、代词指代一致、名词的单复数、时态一致、谓语动词和非谓语动词、介词的用法和习惯短语、形容词和副词、词形和词性等方面的知识。
短文改错所选材料篇幅短、难度不大,但能够自成一体,在一定程度上能反映出考生在语言准确性方面的情况。走向变化不大。
作文书面表达部分所给材料也注重真实性，但是尊重考生的认知程度，以有利于考生充分表达。
兼顾城乡考生语言背景的共性。让所有的考生都有话可写。①I'm very pleased to tell you the changes of my life since reduction of learning load was brought in.②But before that，I was often exhausted at weekends.③I attended school and had classes the whole day.④In the evening，I was often forced to do my boring homework and I could not go to bed until 11：30.⑤Since the program of reducing learning load was introduced，my life，however，has been much more interesting.⑥I frequently pay a visit to museums，drop in at computer rooms and draw pictures in my leisure(=spare)time.⑦After lunch，I watch TV，read stories and look through newspapers to enrich my horizon.⑧No longer do I stay up；on the contrary，I go to bed at about 10p.m.⑨In short，I am quite satisfied with my life now.(25分)
对策认真解读考纲，灵活应用考纲内所涉及的基础知识和基本技能。
重心在阅读，关键在词汇。
多阅读一些有现代气息的文章，在加大阅读量的同时，还须限时阅读。通过阅读来加强词汇的掌握。
认真训练，适时反馈，大胆屏弃，练好书写。记忆的规律心理学家艾宾浩斯：人的记忆是成曲线状态的。
0.33小时后： 58.2%
1小时后： 44.2%
8.8小时以后： 35.8%
24小时以后： 27.8%
6×24小时以后： 25.4%
31×24小时以后： 21.1%
心理学研究证明：人的大脑一般可以记忆 7 ± 5个独立单位的信息。
巧记构词法：通过英语前后缀等来帮助扩大词汇量。
单选题解题技巧1、仔细看题干，不要只读带空格的那一句。要瞻前顾后，上挂下连，首尾呼应。
2、含两个空的题，先确定有把握的那一个。
3、较容易题宜采用跟踪追击的方法。
4、不好判断题可采用排除法。
5、单选的重点在动词，应特别注意时态、情态动词、非谓语动词的使用及短语动词的辨析。
6、题目是疑问句，可先变为陈述句，被动的先变为主动，省略的先还原成完整结构，均有利于判断。
7、审题时要注意情感分析，交际原则，不可死扣语法规则。
8、不可在此恋战，10分钟内务必完成。完型填空的解题技巧1、粗读全文，了解文章大意。
2、细读第一句，因为第一句一般不挖空，是全文的窗口。
3、第一遍做出三分之一，先确定有把握的答案。
4、第二遍逐个解决时，注意后线索的现象。
5、答案不仅要在原句中合理，在全文中也要合理，要有全局观。
6、短文中的连词作用重大，不可忽略。
7、具体判断时可考虑动作顺序，时间关系，情感因素，同义词，反义词以及用途等问题。
8、重点注意名词、动词的用法，搭配与辨析。
学生面临的主要问题词义辨析
一词多意
词组搭配
逻辑连贯阅读理解1、先看文章再做题，或先看题再读文章，两种方法各有利弊。高考时不要临时改变自己已熟悉的做法。
2、最好先大概扫一眼文章，再细读全文。遇有个别词，句不明白应大胆向前看，不要不时回读。
3、注意文章标题，这是全文中心意思的体现。
4、借助跳读找细节，借助掠读找中心。扩大眼幅，争取一眼看三四个词。
5、全文中心体现的是各段之和。干扰项或是远离文章内容，或是以偏概全。段落中心常与该段首句、尾句相关。
阅读理解6、猜测词义时，一定要回到原文中，因为没有上下文就没有词义。
7、推理判断题应注意从文章作者立场出发，从短文中找答案，而不是问你作为一名中学生的看法。
8、做题的关键是看清题目的要求，读准的关键是分清句子的结构和确认词性词义。
阅读新题型的策略通读所有信息。
注意前后描述的差异。
抓关键词
学生面临的问题速度问题
抓语篇语段问题
答题问题单词拼写的策略阅读所给句子信息，迅速判断所缺单词的词性和意义。
注意空格单词前后的搭配。短文改错
1、先将全文通读一遍，弄清文章大意。
2、判断对错不但要从本行，本句考虑，还要顾及全文。
3、多词处别忘了抄完词后划斜线。
4、缺词、错词处别忘了在原文中作记号。
5、十个题中以错词为主，多词少词仅两三个，没错的一般仅一个。
6、留心逻辑推理的错误，尤其是动词方向，人称代词，肯定否定等。
7、如感觉一行有两处错，应将最有把握处改正。
8、每行无论多词、缺词或错词，做题时只能动一个词。
书面表达 1、仔细审题，看清题目要求与注意事项。
2、确定文章类型，如是记叙文，一般用过去时，如是说明文，主要用现在时。
3、看全内容要点，主要内容缺一不可。
4、尽量写草稿，实在没时间也要写一个简略题纲。
5、用你见过的句型来写，不生造中国式的英文。
6、写好首句尾句，注意关联词语的使用。
7、可适当使用复杂结构和新颖词汇，但应以准确传达意思为第一原则。
8、书写规范，卷面整洁也要重视。
知识准备强化记忆 英语中有不少记忆的内容。这些内容是考生应掌握的，尤其是考纲上的词汇。考生可以通过对各单词排列的线索回忆各单词的习惯用法及相关语法，巩固已有的知识；查漏补缺，使知识完整化。Eg :about
be about to…when/
与will/be going to /be to do的关系融会贯通 英语中， 词汇和语法是要通过具体的语境和语篇反映出来的。因此考生可以对平时自己所犯错误进行一次清理和分析，以理解知识在实际中的运用。
综合运用 也就是提高解决问题的能力。在考前，考生应有一定量的限时阅读和写作练习。这既是对词汇的巩固也是综合训练应试能力的有效途径。但值得一提的是此时所阅读的材料不宜过难，不宜在此时进行知识面拓宽，否则会搞得自己心神不定，影响考试。生理准备要让大脑充分的休息。同时要注意饮食的合理和卫生习惯，避免得病。此外将自己的生物钟调整到与高考的作息时间同步心理准备调整期望值，增强自信心等心理准备是十分必要的。心理学家调查表明，焦虑强度和应试能力之间呈现U型的关系。过度焦虑和毫无焦虑，都会使考试效果变坏，适度的焦虑是必要的。对自己的期望要从实际出发，这样便可轻装上阵，考出应有的成绩。物质准备物质准备主要是指考试时所需要的物品.如准考证、文具等头脑清醒 从容不迫这是一种理智、稳定的状态。考试期间，难免会发生意想不到的事情，如考题过难、时间不够和突发事件等等。此时考生应告戒自己：“我难，大家也难；我易大家都容易。”遇有把握的试题，决不能掉以轻心。遇到难题和生词等，要根据上下文冷静地想一想，做多少算多少，一点一点地琢磨下去，这样一定能够取得较理想的效果。考生应不断告戒自己：“现在的考试只不过是换了一个地方做练习”以使自己镇定下来。考试应注意的几个问题注意身份资料
拿到考卷，首先要把自己的姓名、准考证等身份资料填涂在试卷规定的位置上。考试应注意的几个问题注意老师
考试开始，监考教师往往要对试卷作一些说明或考试的交代，此时考生要注意倾听。考试应注意的几个问题答题应遵循先易后难的原则。一份高质量的试卷，在难度的设置上应该有一定的坡度。同学们拿到试卷以后，应该迅速浏览试卷，看试卷是否有分发和印刷错误，是否有漏印或缺页的问题，并初步了解考试内容和难度。高考命题难易比例是：5（容易题）∶3（中档题）∶2（难题），80％的试题属于中等难度以下的题目或者说是基础题，英语命题难易原则也不例外。
要十分重视第一印象（ first impression）。心理学表明，考生在接触试题时大脑皮层处于高度兴奋状态，对新事物的反应灵敏，容易迅速做出决定。经验表明，第一感觉的正确率在80％以上，因此，不要轻易改动第一次做出的选择。在检查的时候，同学们不要按照第一次答题的角度去考虑，应该从另外一个角度去思考，没有充分、足够的理由不要推翻第一次的选择。
答题技巧 针对英语科目填涂答案多的特点，建议同学们在答题的过程中边做边涂（前提是不影响自己的答题速度）。曾经有一个高水平的考生，因忙于答题忘记涂卡，当意识到还有机读卡未涂时，离交卷的时间已不多了。不管怎样，同学们一定不要忘记在考试结束前10分钟左右涂完自己的机读卡，可以说此时已经是胜券在握，然后再利用剩余的时间检查没有把握的试题，对于有把握的答案就不要再浪费时间了。建议同学们第一次答题时，对于没有把握的试题答案应该用铅笔做一个标记，以示区别。
合理分配时间2005年《考试说明》关于英语考试的时间已经做了明确建议，但是我们建议同学们应该在阅读理解上适当地多投入一点时间，因为阅读理解和完形填空两部分分值为80分，分值高，比重大。
第二卷今年比重也有所增加，相应的时间也应该有所增加。尤其是作文。
短文改错注意事项短文改错注意上下文和时态，做题时以句子为单位，同时兼顾改错的原则。这个原则就是不能改变词意，不能轻易去掉动词、名词等实词，去掉的通常是固定搭配结构中多余的部分。同样，增加的词也是固定搭配中缺少的部分或者是定语从句中的先行词或介词。短文改错中名词的错误多是可数名词和不可数名词的混用；形容词的错误一般是比较级和最高级的混用；副词的错误一般来说是该用副词的地方用成了形容词。
注意书写规范2004年《考试说明》中“评分”规定：如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次（5分）。从老师参加高考英语阅卷的经验来看，不少同学由于疏于审题，随意写就，仔细检查后，发现有诸多不妥之处，于是对原文修修补补，或在试卷上涂黑，随意连线画“地图”等等，都在不同程度上影响了自己的成绩。
短文原文：
Speaker:… and lastly this week I have some information about a course at the Country College near Burnside, which might be of interest to someone wanting a late-season break, or to groups. They tell me they have spaces on their Country Sports courses the weekend after next. There are three courses that you might like to join: fishing, hill-walking and rock-climbing. So, quite a lot of variety there. The fishing is open to anyone over the age of 12, and so is the hill-walking. For the rock-climbing you must be sixteen or older, for safety reasons. All these courses are really enjoyable.
With the development of the internet, more and more people tend to send electronic cards instead of paper ones at New Year’s time. Compared with the traditional cards, electronic cards are more interesting and lively for you can get not only pictures but also sound and even animations. Besides, it’s faster to send an electronic card. There are many websites on line where different varieties of cards are available. If none of these cards is of any interest to you, you can design different cards using flash or other software. More importantly, with the popularity of electronic cards, less paper is used for making paper cards, which contributes to the environment protection.Speaker:… and
lastly this week I have some information about a course at the Country College near Burnside, which might be of interest to someone wanting a late-season break, or might be of interest to groups. （what & who）
They tell me they have spaces on their Country Sports courses the weekend after next. （when）
There are three courses that you might like to join: （which or how many）fishing, hill-walking and rock-climbing. So, quite a lot of variety there. (which or how many)
The fishing is open to anyone over the age of 12, and so is the hill-walking. For the rock-climbing you must be sixteen or older, for safety reasons. （age limits）
All these courses are really enjoyable. （evaluation）
几种主要的英语文章体裁的写作要点：说明文、议论文：
文章结构多采用“主题－主体 －结语”总分总形式。
2)基本时态是一般现在时。
3)为强调客观性，语言表述多用
客观性动词，如seem，there be，maybe等，多用被动语态。
4)多用书面语、长句、复合句。 在市场经济唱主角的今天，竞争与合作是否可以并存？它们之间又是怎样的关系？请以Competition and Cooperation为题写一篇约100字左右的短文。 In today’s society, competition and cooperation are equally important. The cooperator can share not only the information but also the natural resources and man resources, which can help us make great progress. If there were no cooperation, the world would be great different from it is now. On the other hand, competition is as important as cooperation. competition offers us a good chance to learn from each other, making us get more courage and confidence. There would be no development without any competition.
Above all, competition and cooperation can not be divided into two parts. 在上面的范文中，作者使用了复合句,虚拟语气, there be 句型和被动语态，较好地体现了议论文的特色。2. 描述文：
1)合理安排描写的角度和次序。
2)对人物、事物、心理和景色的描写要突出重点，应抓住最富于感染力最重要的情节和特征来写。
3)应充分运用自己灵活多变的遣词造句的能力和应用恰当的词汇来体现人的感官印象，让客观事物在自己的笔下描绘得更生动逼真。场景描写：火灾 It was a windy morning. I was on the rooftop of my house, doing my daily exercises when I saw a mass of dense smoke rise from below. Five minutes later, came the shrill sirens of fire engines, ambulances and police cars. I knew right away a fire had broken out in the nearby squatter huts.I looked down and saw the squatter settlement was buried in smoke, and a big red ball of fire was dancing like the devil on the roofs of the shabby wood huts.The residents were running here and there and there were women and children screaming and crying.They were too frightened to do anything to save their property. 上面的范文是描写火灾的，属场景描写。以第一人称描写了大火肆虐和人们所呈现出来惊慌的景象。读了之后，给人一种身临其境的感觉，其火灾情形仿佛历历在目。3. 记叙文：
1)按照一定顺序（多是自然的时间顺序）。
2)详略得当，主次分明。
3)人称多用第一和第三人称，时态多用过去时和现在时。注意前后文人称与时态的统一与合理适当的变化。 The old house in my memory was really very old. Surrounded by tall buildings, the house, which was low and small, was like a candle flickering in the wind.I lived with my grandma in the house as early as I began to remember things. Those were wonderful days to me. I often played with my little companions in it. We ran about and sang happily, and filled the rooms with our laughter. The old house was just like a paradise in my childhood.Then I went to school and began to live with my parents,
so I had to say goodbye to the old house.
Every time I went to see my grandma, the old house was still what it had been. But the cracks in the ceiling told me it was becoming older and older.Now, in the
rumble of a bulldozer, the old house is
being pulled down. Soon, there will be new buildings standing in its place. 上面的范文根据时间的顺序，描写了在老房子的生活经历和欢快的童年。
文章的特色在于：1）根据时间变化，把握了正确的写作手法，叙述完整，条理清楚；2）重视动词的用法，时态变化和特殊的语用功能，使文章有了动感。这种让往事再现的“动感”正是记叙文所追求的。4. 看图作文：
1) 仔细审图，确定主题。
2) 把握要点，扩充细节。
3) 合理过渡，连接成文。
4) 仔细检查，反复修改。
下面的图表对A、B、C三个城市的就业机会、气候、安全和娱乐四个方面进行了对比，假如你是一名软件工程师，请选择其中的一个城市居住，并用英语写一篇短文说明原因。246810City ACity CCity BEmployment OpportunityClimateSafetyEntertainment I prefer to live in City A. I have made
my decision based on the following
reasons. First, City A is the safest of
the three. As violence and crimes are
on the rise all across the world, it is only wise to choose a place where you
and your family will be safe. Second,
the job opportunities, though not the
best, are still quite good. Considering the fact that I am a software engineer, it is the least of my worries whether I can
find a job or not. Third, entertainment in City A is not bad. As a matter of fact,
I am not crazy about entertainment.
Finally, though the climate is the worst
of the three, it is not a major concern because we stay indoors most of the time and you will find all the rooms air-conditioned. 这篇图表题的主题是根据数据间的对比得出结论，继而再分析其中的利弊，最后决定选择在哪个城市居住。所以表中提出的数据并不是文章描述的关键，关健是根据数据得出的结论。范文中没有提到一个数字，但读者同样可以从文章中得知这三个城市在就业机会、气候、安全和娱乐四个方面的大致情况。这也是文章的精妙之处。同时，文章通过使用first, second, third 和finally等连词,条理清楚，层次分明。5. 应用文：
1)针对各种不同的应用文应使用与之相对应的格式。
2)注意结构完整，条理清晰。
3)强调文字通顺，语言平时，事清理明。
4)正确应用惯用语和各种文体的客套语。 假定你们班由同学们捐赠建起了一个小图书馆，为了更好地利用它，让它有助于同学们学习英语和其它各个学科，你作为班长，向全班宣布从明天开始可以借书，另外，你作了以下规定：
1. 每次只能借一本；
2. 每本只能借一周，要及时归还；
3. 要爱惜书，不得转借他人。
最后，你希望同学们遵守以上规定。
??? 请按以上要点内容写一篇90个词左右的
发言稿。开头语已经写出（不计词数）。Boys and girls,attention,please !
The little library in our class is
now open . I hope these books offered
by us all will help us to improve our English and will be helpful for all
other subjects. Everyone can borrow
books from tomorrow on . In order to
make better use of them, you are asked
to pay attention to the rules as
follows：
1. Borrow one book at a time.
????2. Keep the book for only one week
and return it in time .
3. Take good care of the books and
don’t lend them to other students.
??? I hope you will follow these rules.
??? Thank you.
高考书面表达三步曲：1. 审题2）确定文章脉络结构，思考文章和每个
段落的主题句。3）选用正确的人称。4）使用正确的时态。1）辨明文章体裁和题材，抓关键信息，不
写无关内容。2. 下笔1）在有把握的前提下使用丰富词汇，避
免重复与拼写错误。2）在有把握的前提下使用丰富的句法结构。3）合理使用连接成分。4）适当考虑社会文化因素，如礼仪，格式等。3. 检查
在时间允许的情况下，多读几遍文章，
找出错误并进行修改。5）书写清晰。训练学生书面表达分五步走：1. 背诵篇章（地道优美）3. 模仿造句4. 命题写作5. 自由发挥2. 巩固词汇写作训练应从高一就开始，分步进行，步步为营，保质保量，不临阵磨枪，不拔苗助长，不三天打鱼两天晒网。写作训练小大写作应试大小在平时的写作训练中，应从词到句再到篇章，从小到大，层层落实，而应试时则先布局谋篇，再遣词造句，从大到小。About a figureAppearance & Looks
Sex
Race or national origin
Age (estimated)
Height-use comparisons with your own height, a door, or some other standard measure
Weight (estimated)
Build-fat, husky, slim, muscular, etc.
Gait-slow, fast, limp
Hair: color, texture, hairline, style; white-haired;
Forehead-note forehead height, and the skin is smooth, wrinkled
Eyes-note the color, shape (round, slanted), clear or bloodshot, and the heaviness of eyelashes and eyebrows
Nose-overall shape (long, wide, flat, etc.) and nostrils (wide, narrow, flared)
Cheeks-is the flesh sunken, (filled out, dried or oily) wrinkles around nose or mouth? cheek bones high or low, wide or narrow?
Ears-note size: protruding or flat against head
Mouth- lips :thin, medium, full.Corners: turn up, turn down, or level FacialChin-what is the shape (round, oval, pointed, square)? double chin, dimpled, cleft?
Complexion-note pores, pockmarks, acne, bumps
Facial hair-clean shaven? unshaven? beard, mustache, goatee, sideburns?
Tattoos-shape and style; on what part of the body
?
Hat- color, style, ornaments, how it is worn
Coat- color and style (suit coat, jacket, topcoat, overcoat)
Shirt/Blouse/Dress-color, design, sleeves, collar
Trousers/Slacks/Skirt-color, style, cuffs
Socks-color, pattern, length
Shoes-color, style, brand name for sneakers (if possible), condition
Accessories-sweater, scarf, gloves, necktie
Jewelry-rings, watches, bracelets, necklaces
General appearance-neat or sloppy? clean or dirty?
ClothingVoice
Voice-pitch, tone, rasp, lisp
Speech-articulate, uneducated, accent, use of slang
Common phrases
handsome; pretty; slim; ordinary-looking; nice-looking; middle-aged; charming; attractive; childish; well-built; tall; short; fairy;smart;Identification & Profession
Education:Teacher; headmaster; principal; classroom teachers; dean of a department; officer;
Medicine:doctor; nurse;
Law:lawyer; inspector; security-guard; policeman; judge; detective
Day time workers:babysitter; cleaner;
Administration:mayor; governor; president; prime minister; official; politician; premier
Business:boss; economist; enterpriser; manager; waiter; waitress; servant; shop assistant; manufacturer; software- designer;peddler;
Science: scientist; chemist; physician; mathematician;
Art:musician; composer; novelist; writer; actor; actress;
Education Experience & Life Eventsbe born from/in; primary school; elementary school; senior school; undergraduate; master; birthday; get married; death; independence; adolescence; post-doctorate; doctor; receive education; bachelor; scholar; 4.Characteristics & HobbyMutual:bear with; internal; nature; morals and a code of conduct;
Cooperative behavior; noncompliant;; kind-hearted; intelligent; lively; naughty; be keen to do/on sth; active; energetic; smart; be alert to sth; warm-hearted; happy-go-lucky; serious; take everything seriously; dynamic; optimistic; be ready to help;sensitive;be capable to do; wise; humors; quick-minded; determined; perseverant; strong will; patient; talent; talkative; confident;
Frustrated; pessimistic; be sharp with;stubborn; aggressive behavior; be slow in doing sth. /to do sth; careless; sly; selfish; ugly;be jealous of Collect stamps; fan ; listen to music; go in for sports5. Belief &Thought
God; soul; spirit; religious;catholic; philosophy; Christianity; Islamism; Buddhism; Communism; Capitalism; socialism; Bible; worship; church; angel; lord; saint; priest; pray; heaven; a holy war; live a holy life; spiritual matters; non-violent; fight for equality; human rights; knowledge is power; Speak louder than words; better late than never; believe in truth;Revolutionary views
Serve the people heart and soul; devote … to; love the most ordinary beings on earth as oneself; Every individual is equalThe child who can manage impulses and strong emotions, show concern for others, think and communicate well, and optimistically persist in the face of difficulty is a child who is apt to face life's challenges constructively. Such personal characteristics promote positive development, even for children growing up in difficult circumstances. The early manifestations of these skills can be seen and measured in the very young child and their presence help that child cope with the social and intellectual challenges of school. As the child grows, these fundamental skills contribute both to the ability to form and maintain supportive relationships and to the ability to achieve academic success and go on to make productive use of their time in adult life.
optimal child development.
Mao was born to a peasant family in Shaoshan, a village in Hunan Province. He was still a student when the revolution of 1911-1912 overthrew the Manchu government and made China a republic. While he was employed briefly as a library worker at the National Beijing (Peking) University in 1918, Mao became attracted to the ideas of Communism. In 1921, Mao and 11 other people founded the Chinese Communist Party in Shanghai. The Communists joined forces with Sun Yat-sen's Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) in the effort to unite China. But distrust between the Communists and Chiang Kai-shek, who became Nationalist leader after Sun's death in 1925, soon led to warfare between the two groups. Mao and other Communist leaders led small bands to Jiangxi province in 1928. By 1931, that province had become Chiang's chief target. He began a series of "extermination campaigns" that nearly wiped out the Communists. In 1934, Mao led the Communists to Shaanxi (Shensi) province, in what is called the Long March. The 6,000-mile (9,700-kilometer) march lasted over a year and welded the survivors into a tightly-knit group under Mao's leadership.
Mao formed the Chinese into a tightly controlled society more quickly than most observers thought possible. After taking power, he made an alliance with the Soviets, who helped strengthen the Chinese army when Chinese forces aided North Korea during the Korean War (1950- 1953). After the war, Mao began programs to expand agricultural and industrial production. In 1958, a crash program called the Great Leap Forward failed. In the 1960's, a split developed between China and the Soviet Union. Mao ordered nuclear research that led to Chinese nuclear explosions in the 1960's. In 1959, Mao gave up his title of chairman of the People's Republic. But he kept control of the country and of the Communist Party. By the 1960's, disputes between China and the Soviet Union had grown into a struggle for leadership of the Communist world. Mao considered himself the true interpreter of the principles of Communism. He believed that poor nations would inevitably revolt against richer nations. He also accused Soviet Communists of being soft toward the United States. In the mid-1960's, China suffered a series of diplomatic defeats. To maintain revolutionary enthusiasm, Mao campaigned against so-called revisionists, who favored economic changes. In the early 1970's, China improved relations with the United States and other Western nations. Mao died in September 1976, after a long illness.
After Mao's death, Chinese leaders reversed many of his policies and ended the emphasis on his personality. They looked to Japan, the United States, and European countries for help in modernizing China's industry, agriculture, science, and armed forces. These goals were called the Four Modernizations.
Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963) is an American basketball player, considered by many to be the best basketball player ever. Born in Brooklyn, New York as son of Delores and James Jordan and educated at the University of North Carolina, he was selected by the Chicago Bulls in the first round of the 1984 NBA Draft as the third pick. The Olympics
Jordan also formed part of the American team that won the Olympic gold medal. He participated as a college player in the 1984 Summer Olympics, and in the 1992 Summer Olympics as a member of the "Dream Team", with other players such as Magic Johnson and Larry Bird. Chicago Bulls At 6' 6" he played Guard for Chicago in thirteen seasons. He won six NBA Championships (1991-93 and 1996-98) and was MVP five times (1988, 1991, 1992, 1996 and 1998). He retired from basketball before the 1993-94 season to pursue a professional baseball career. He ended his retirement by rejoining the Bulls near the end of the 1994-95 season. After three more league titles, Jordan decided to retire again after winning his last championship in 1998. Washington Wizards On January 19, 2000, Jordan was introduced as "President of Basketball Operations" of the Washington Wizards. On January 31, 2000 he fired head coach Gar Heard in favor of Darrell Walker but only for a transitional period. About four and a half months later, on June 14, 2000, Jordan announced Leonard Hamilton as the new head coach. On September 25, 2001, he announced he would come out of retirement one more time to return as a player for the Wizards, signing a two-year contract. Although the Wizards failed to make the playoffs in either of Jordan's two seasons as a player, he did succeed in proving that his basketball skills, while inevitably somewhat eroded due to age, were still sufficient to permit him to basketball at a high level. Jordan placed an exclamation point on his career stats on January 4, 2002, by scoring his 30,000th career point against his former team, the Chicago Bulls. Jordan retired from playing for the third time at the end of the 2002-03 season. He was subsequently dismissed from his position as Washington's President of Basketball Operations.
介绍几种消除紧张心理的方法自我暗示法
肌肉放松法
提肛法
In brief, we should make full use of the ten-minute break. 总体印象语言应用 语言基础知识
运用能力
估计2006年英语科命题原则和试卷难度与今年差不多。在稳定的前提下，词汇量会略有增加。原因新教材词汇应有所体现。
语言知识：语言知识部分单项题中语用 和情景理解的与今年基本持平。
完形填空：完形填空综合考查考生的阅读理解能力和对词汇知识的掌握情况。阅读理解：篇幅有所加长，词汇量会有所增加。
单词拼写：不会太难
书面表达和短文改错：会基本保持稳定。
阅读除了有故事、科普文章外，还增加了外语广告等类型的材料，从而使阅读考试的题材更广泛，体现了英语的工具性。
难度逐年增加，阅读量加大(长度每篇幅为300词以上)。生词量控制在３％以内。难度与去年基本保持不变。
出题类型基本为 A.事实询问题；B.推理判断题；C.数据推算题；D.识图解意题；E.主旨大意题；F.常识题。
任务型阅读解决具体问题。
文章以应用性为主。
可能会有新的变化。
单词拼写估计与去年持平。
对词性掌握有进一步要求。
必须正确拼写单词。
改错改错题基本考查不定式、代词指代一致、名词的单复数、时态一致、谓语动词和非谓语动词、介词的用法和习惯短语、形容词和副词、词形和词性等方面的知识。
短文改错所选材料篇幅短、难度不大,但能够自成一体,在一定程度上能反映出考生在语言准确性方面的情况。走向变化不大。
作文书面表达部分所给材料也注重真实性，但是尊重考生的认知程度，以有利于考生充分表达。
兼顾城乡考生语言背景的共性。让所有的考生都有话可写。①I'm very pleased to tell you the changes of my life since reduction of learning load was brought in.②But before that，I was often exhausted at weekends.③I attended school and had classes the whole day.④In the evening，I was often forced to do my boring homework and I could not go to bed until 11：30.⑤Since the program of reducing learning load was introduced，my life，however，has been much more interesting.⑥I frequently pay a visit to museums，drop in at computer rooms and draw pictures in my leisure(=spare)time.⑦After lunch，I watch TV，read stories and look through newspapers to enrich my horizon.⑧No longer do I stay up；on the contrary，I go to bed at about 10p.m.⑨In short，I am quite satisfied with my life now.(25分)
对策认真解读考纲，灵活应用考纲内所涉及的基础知识和基本技能。
重心在阅读，关键在词汇。
多阅读一些有现代气息的文章，在加大阅读量的同时，还须限时阅读。通过阅读来加强词汇的掌握。
认真训练，适时反馈，大胆屏弃，练好书写。记忆的规律心理学家艾宾浩斯：人的记忆是成曲线状态的。
0.33小时后： 58.2%
1小时后： 44.2%
8.8小时以后： 35.8%
24小时以后： 27.8%
6×24小时以后： 25.4%
31×24小时以后： 21.1%
心理学研究证明：人的大脑一般可以记忆 7 ± 5个独立单位的信息。
巧记构词法：通过英语前后缀等来帮助扩大词汇量。
单选题解题技巧1、仔细看题干，不要只读带空格的那一句。要瞻前顾后，上挂下连，首尾呼应。
2、含两个空的题，先确定有把握的那一个。
3、较容易题宜采用跟踪追击的方法。
4、不好判断题可采用排除法。
5、单选的重点在动词，应特别注意时态、情态动词、非谓语动词的使用及短语动词的辨析。
6、题目是疑问句，可先变为陈述句，被动的先变为主动，省略的先还原成完整结构，均有利于判断。
7、审题时要注意情感分析，交际原则，不可死扣语法规则。
8、不可在此恋战，10分钟内务必完成。完型填空的解题技巧1、粗读全文，了解文章大意。
2、细读第一句，因为第一句一般不挖空，是全文的窗口。
3、第一遍做出三分之一，先确定有把握的答案。
4、第二遍逐个解决时，注意后线索的现象。
5、答案不仅要在原句中合理，在全文中也要合理，要有全局观。
6、短文中的连词作用重大，不可忽略。
7、具体判断时可考虑动作顺序，时间关系，情感因素，同义词，反义词以及用途等问题。
8、重点注意名词、动词的用法，搭配与辨析。
学生面临的主要问题词义辨析
一词多意
词组搭配
逻辑连贯阅读理解1、先看文章再做题，或先看题再读文章，两种方法各有利弊。高考时不要临时改变自己已熟悉的做法。
2、最好先大概扫一眼文章，再细读全文。遇有个别词，句不明白应大胆向前看，不要不时回读。
3、注意文章标题，这是全文中心意思的体现。
4、借助跳读找细节，借助掠读找中心。扩大眼幅，争取一眼看三四个词。
5、全文中心体现的是各段之和。干扰项或是远离文章内容，或是以偏概全。段落中心常与该段首句、尾句相关。
阅读理解6、猜测词义时，一定要回到原文中，因为没有上下文就没有词义。
7、推理判断题应注意从文章作者立场出发，从短文中找答案，而不是问你作为一名中学生的看法。
8、做题的关键是看清题目的要求，读准的关键是分清句子的结构和确认词性词义。
阅读新题型的策略通读所有信息。
注意前后描述的差异。
抓关键词
学生面临的问题速度问题
抓语篇语段问题
答题问题单词拼写的策略阅读所给句子信息，迅速判断所缺单词的词性和意义。
注意空格单词前后的搭配。短文改错
1、先将全文通读一遍，弄清文章大意。
2、判断对错不但要从本行，本句考虑，还要顾及全文。
3、多词处别忘了抄完词后划斜线。
4、缺词、错词处别忘了在原文中作记号。
5、十个题中以错词为主，多词少词仅两三个，没错的一般仅一个。
6、留心逻辑推理的错误，尤其是动词方向，人称代词，肯定否定等。
7、如感觉一行有两处错，应将最有把握处改正。
8、每行无论多词、缺词或错词，做题时只能动一个词。
书面表达 1、仔细审题，看清题目要求与注意事项。
2、确定文章类型，如是记叙文，一般用过去时，如是说明文，主要用现在时。
3、看全内容要点，主要内容缺一不可。
4、尽量写草稿，实在没时间也要写一个简略题纲。
5、用你见过的句型来写，不生造中国式的英文。
6、写好首句尾句，注意关联词语的使用。
7、可适当使用复杂结构和新颖词汇，但应以准确传达意思为第一原则。
8、书写规范，卷面整洁也要重视。
知识准备强化记忆 英语中有不少记忆的内容。这些内容是考生应掌握的，尤其是考纲上的词汇。考生可以通过对各单词排列的线索回忆各单词的习惯用法及相关语法，巩固已有的知识；查漏补缺，使知识完整化。Eg :about
be about to…when/
与will/be going to /be to do的关系融会贯通 英语中， 词汇和语法是要通过具体的语境和语篇反映出来的。因此考生可以对平时自己所犯错误进行一次清理和分析，以理解知识在实际中的运用。
综合运用 也就是提高解决问题的能力。在考前，考生应有一定量的限时阅读和写作练习。这既是对词汇的巩固也是综合训练应试能力的有效途径。但值得一提的是此时所阅读的材料不宜过难，不宜在此时进行知识面拓宽，否则会搞得自己心神不定，影响考试。生理准备要让大脑充分的休息。同时要注意饮食的合理和卫生习惯，避免得病。此外将自己的生物钟调整到与高考的作息时间同步心理准备调整期望值，增强自信心等心理准备是十分必要的。心理学家调查表明，焦虑强度和应试能力之间呈现U型的关系。过度焦虑和毫无焦虑，都会使考试效果变坏，适度的焦虑是必要的。对自己的期望要从实际出发，这样便可轻装上阵，考出应有的成绩。物质准备物质准备主要是指考试时所需要的物品.如准考证、文具等头脑清醒 从容不迫这是一种理智、稳定的状态。考试期间，难免会发生意想不到的事情，如考题过难、时间不够和突发事件等等。此时考生应告戒自己：“我难，大家也难；我易大家都容易。”遇有把握的试题，决不能掉以轻心。遇到难题和生词等，要根据上下文冷静地想一想，做多少算多少，一点一点地琢磨下去，这样一定能够取得较理想的效果。考生应不断告戒自己：“现在的考试只不过是换了一个地方做练习”以使自己镇定下来。考试应注意的几个问题注意身份资料
拿到考卷，首先要把自己的姓名、准考证等身份资料填涂在试卷规定的位置上。考试应注意的几个问题注意老师
考试开始，监考教师往往要对试卷作一些说明或考试的交代，此时考生要注意倾听。考试应注意的几个问题答题应遵循先易后难的原则。一份高质量的试卷，在难度的设置上应该有一定的坡度。同学们拿到试卷以后，应该迅速浏览试卷，看试卷是否有分发和印刷错误，是否有漏印或缺页的问题，并初步了解考试内容和难度。高考命题难易比例是：5（容易题）∶3（中档题）∶2（难题），80％的试题属于中等难度以下的题目或者说是基础题，英语命题难易原则也不例外。
要十分重视第一印象（ first impression）。心理学表明，考生在接触试题时大脑皮层处于高度兴奋状态，对新事物的反应灵敏，容易迅速做出决定。经验表明，第一感觉的正确率在80％以上，因此，不要轻易改动第一次做出的选择。在检查的时候，同学们不要按照第一次答题的角度去考虑，应该从另外一个角度去思考，没有充分、足够的理由不要推翻第一次的选择。
答题技巧 针对英语科目填涂答案多的特点，建议同学们在答题的过程中边做边涂（前提是不影响自己的答题速度）。曾经有一个高水平的考生，因忙于答题忘记涂卡，当意识到还有机读卡未涂时，离交卷的时间已不多了。不管怎样，同学们一定不要忘记在考试结束前10分钟左右涂完自己的机读卡，可以说此时已经是胜券在握，然后再利用剩余的时间检查没有把握的试题，对于有把握的答案就不要再浪费时间了。建议同学们第一次答题时，对于没有把握的试题答案应该用铅笔做一个标记，以示区别。
合理分配时间2005年《考试说明》关于英语考试的时间已经做了明确建议，但是我们建议同学们应该在阅读理解上适当地多投入一点时间，因为阅读理解和完形填空两部分分值为80分，分值高，比重大。
第二卷今年比重也有所增加，相应的时间也应该有所增加。尤其是作文。
短文改错注意事项短文改错注意上下文和时态，做题时以句子为单位，同时兼顾改错的原则。这个原则就是不能改变词意，不能轻易去掉动词、名词等实词，去掉的通常是固定搭配结构中多余的部分。同样，增加的词也是固定搭配中缺少的部分或者是定语从句中的先行词或介词。短文改错中名词的错误多是可数名词和不可数名词的混用；形容词的错误一般是比较级和最高级的混用；副词的错误一般来说是该用副词的地方用成了形容词。
注意书写规范2004年《考试说明》中“评分”规定：如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次（5分）。从老师参加高考英语阅卷的经验来看，不少同学由于疏于审题，随意写就，仔细检查后，发现有诸多不妥之处，于是对原文修修补补，或在试卷上涂黑，随意连线画“地图”等等，都在不同程度上影响了自己的成绩。
短文原文：
Speaker:… and lastly this week I have some information about a course at the Country College near Burnside, which might be of interest to someone wanting a late-season break, or to groups. They tell me they have spaces on their Country Sports courses the weekend after next. There are three courses that you might like to join: fishing, hill-walking and rock-climbing. So, quite a lot of variety there. The fishing is open to anyone over the age of 12, and so is the hill-walking. For the rock-climbing you must be sixteen or older, for safety reasons. All these courses are really enjoyable.
With the development of the internet, more and more people tend to send electronic cards instead of paper ones at New Year’s time. Compared with the traditional cards, electronic cards are more interesting and lively for you can get not only pictures but also sound and even animations. Besides, it’s faster to send an electronic card. There are many websites on line where different varieties of cards are available. If none of these cards is of any interest to you, you can design different cards using flash or other software. More importantly, with the popularity of electronic cards, less paper is used for making paper cards, which contributes to the environment protection.Speaker:… and
lastly this week I have some information about a course at the Country College near Burnside, which might be of interest to someone wanting a late-season break, or might be of interest to groups. （what & who）
They tell me they have spaces on their Country Sports courses the weekend after next. （when）
There are three courses that you might like to join: （which or how many）fishing, hill-walking and rock-climbing. So, quite a lot of variety there. (which or how many)
The fishing is open to anyone over the age of 12, and so is the hill-walking. For the rock-climbing you must be sixteen or older, for safety reasons. （age limits）
All these courses are really enjoyable. （evaluation）
几种主要的英语文章体裁的写作要点：说明文、议论文：
文章结构多采用“主题－主体 －结语”总分总形式。
2)基本时态是一般现在时。
3)为强调客观性，语言表述多用
客观性动词，如seem，there be，maybe等，多用被动语态。
4)多用书面语、长句、复合句。 在市场经济唱主角的今天，竞争与合作是否可以并存？它们之间又是怎样的关系？请以Competition and Cooperation为题写一篇约100字左右的短文。 In today’s society, competition and cooperation are equally important. The cooperator can share not only the information but also the natural resources and man resources, which can help us make great progress. If there were no cooperation, the world would be great different from it is now. On the other hand, competition is as important as cooperation. competition offers us a good chance to learn from each other, making us get more courage and confidence. There would be no development without any competition.
Above all, competition and cooperation can not be divided into two parts. 在上面的范文中，作者使用了复合句,虚拟语气, there be 句型和被动语态，较好地体现了议论文的特色。2. 描述文：
1)合理安排描写的角度和次序。
2)对人物、事物、心理和景色的描写要突出重点，应抓住最富于感染力最重要的情节和特征来写。
3)应充分运用自己灵活多变的遣词造句的能力和应用恰当的词汇来体现人的感官印象，让客观事物在自己的笔下描绘得更生动逼真。场景描写：火灾 It was a windy morning. I was on the rooftop of my house, doing my daily exercises when I saw a mass of dense smoke rise from below. Five minutes later, came the shrill sirens of fire engines, ambulances and police cars. I knew right away a fire had broken out in the nearby squatter huts.I looked down and saw the squatter settlement was buried in smoke, and a big red ball of fire was dancing like the devil on the roofs of the shabby wood huts.The residents were running here and there and there were women and children screaming and crying.They were too frightened to do anything to save their property. 上面的范文是描写火灾的，属场景描写。以第一人称描写了大火肆虐和人们所呈现出来惊慌的景象。读了之后，给人一种身临其境的感觉，其火灾情形仿佛历历在目。3. 记叙文：
1)按照一定顺序（多是自然的时间顺序）。
2)详略得当，主次分明。
3)人称多用第一和第三人称，时态多用过去时和现在时。注意前后文人称与时态的统一与合理适当的变化。 The old house in my memory was really very old. Surrounded by tall buildings, the house, which was low and small, was like a candle flickering in the wind.I lived with my grandma in the house as early as I began to remember things. Those were wonderful days to me. I often played with my little companions in it. We ran about and sang happily, and filled the rooms with our laughter. The old house was just like a paradise in my childhood.Then I went to school and began to live with my parents,
so I had to say goodbye to the old house.
Every time I went to see my grandma, the old house was still what it had been. But the cracks in the ceiling told me it was becoming older and older.Now, in the
rumble of a bulldozer, the old house is
being pulled down. Soon, there will be new buildings standing in its place. 上面的范文根据时间的顺序，描写了在老房子的生活经历和欢快的童年。
文章的特色在于：1）根据时间变化，把握了正确的写作手法，叙述完整，条理清楚；2）重视动词的用法，时态变化和特殊的语用功能，使文章有了动感。这种让往事再现的“动感”正是记叙文所追求的。4. 看图作文：
1) 仔细审图，确定主题。
2) 把握要点，扩充细节。
3) 合理过渡，连接成文。
4) 仔细检查，反复修改。
下面的图表对A、B、C三个城市的就业机会、气候、安全和娱乐四个方面进行了对比，假如你是一名软件工程师，请选择其中的一个城市居住，并用英语写一篇短文说明原因。246810City ACity CCity BEmployment OpportunityClimateSafetyEntertainment I prefer to live in City A. I have made
my decision based on the following
reasons. First, City A is the safest of
the three. As violence and crimes are
on the rise all across the world, it is only wise to choose a place where you
and your family will be safe. Second,
the job opportunities, though not the
best, are still quite good. Considering the fact that I am a software engineer, it is the least of my worries whether I can
find a job or not. Third, entertainment in City A is not bad. As a matter of fact,
I am not crazy about entertainment.
Finally, though the climate is the worst
of the three, it is not a major concern because we stay indoors most of the time and you will find all the rooms air-conditioned. 这篇图表题的主题是根据数据间的对比得出结论，继而再分析其中的利弊，最后决定选择在哪个城市居住。所以表中提出的数据并不是文章描述的关键，关健是根据数据得出的结论。范文中没有提到一个数字，但读者同样可以从文章中得知这三个城市在就业机会、气候、安全和娱乐四个方面的大致情况。这也是文章的精妙之处。同时，文章通过使用first, second, third 和finally等连词,条理清楚，层次分明。5. 应用文：
1)针对各种不同的应用文应使用与之相对应的格式。
2)注意结构完整，条理清晰。
3)强调文字通顺，语言平时，事清理明。
4)正确应用惯用语和各种文体的客套语。 假定你们班由同学们捐赠建起了一个小图书馆，为了更好地利用它，让它有助于同学们学习英语和其它各个学科，你作为班长，向全班宣布从明天开始可以借书，另外，你作了以下规定：
1. 每次只能借一本；
2. 每本只能借一周，要及时归还；
3. 要爱惜书，不得转借他人。
最后，你希望同学们遵守以上规定。
??? 请按以上要点内容写一篇90个词左右的
发言稿。开头语已经写出（不计词数）。Boys and girls,attention,please !
The little library in our class is
now open . I hope these books offered
by us all will help us to improve our English and will be helpful for all
other subjects. Everyone can borrow
books from tomorrow on . In order to
make better use of them, you are asked
to pay attention to the rules as
follows：
1. Borrow one book at a time.
????2. Keep the book for only one week
and return it in time .
3. Take good care of the books and
don’t lend them to other students.
??? I hope you will follow these rules.
??? Thank you.
高考书面表达三步曲：1. 审题2）确定文章脉络结构，思考文章和每个
段落的主题句。3）选用正确的人称。4）使用正确的时态。1）辨明文章体裁和题材，抓关键信息，不
写无关内容。2. 下笔1）在有把握的前提下使用丰富词汇，避
免重复与拼写错误。2）在有把握的前提下使用丰富的句法结构。3）合理使用连接成分。4）适当考虑社会文化因素，如礼仪，格式等。3. 检查
在时间允许的情况下，多读几遍文章，
找出错误并进行修改。5）书写清晰。训练学生书面表达分五步走：1. 背诵篇章（地道优美）3. 模仿造句4. 命题写作5. 自由发挥2. 巩固词汇写作训练应从高一就开始，分步进行，步步为营，保质保量，不临阵磨枪，不拔苗助长，不三天打鱼两天晒网。写作训练小大写作应试大小在平时的写作训练中，应从词到句再到篇章，从小到大，层层落实，而应试时则先布局谋篇，再遣词造句，从大到小。About a figureAppearance & Looks
Sex
Race or national origin
Age (estimated)
Height-use comparisons with your own height, a door, or some other standard measure
Weight (estimated)
Build-fat, husky, slim, muscular, etc.
Gait-slow, fast, limp
Hair: color, texture, hairline, style; white-haired;
Forehead-note forehead height, and the skin is smooth, wrinkled
Eyes-note the color, shape (round, slanted), clear or bloodshot, and the heaviness of eyelashes and eyebrows
Nose-overall shape (long, wide, flat, etc.) and nostrils (wide, narrow, flared)
Cheeks-is the flesh sunken, (filled out, dried or oily) wrinkles around nose or mouth? cheek bones high or low, wide or narrow?
Ears-note size: protruding or flat against head
Mouth- lips :thin, medium, full.Corners: turn up, turn down, or level FacialChin-what is the shape (round, oval, pointed, square)? double chin, dimpled, cleft?
Complexion-note pores, pockmarks, acne, bumps
Facial hair-clean shaven? unshaven? beard, mustache, goatee, sideburns?
Tattoos-shape and style; on what part of the body
?
Hat- color, style, ornaments, how it is worn
Coat- color and style (suit coat, jacket, topcoat, overcoat)
Shirt/Blouse/Dress-color, design, sleeves, collar
Trousers/Slacks/Skirt-color, style, cuffs
Socks-color, pattern, length
Shoes-color, style, brand name for sneakers (if possible), condition
Accessories-sweater, scarf, gloves, necktie
Jewelry-rings, watches, bracelets, necklaces
General appearance-neat or sloppy? clean or dirty?
ClothingVoice
Voice-pitch, tone, rasp, lisp
Speech-articulate, uneducated, accent, use of slang
Common phrases
handsome; pretty; slim; ordinary-looking; nice-looking; middle-aged; charming; attractive; childish; well-built; tall; short; fairy;smart;Identification & Profession
Education:Teacher; headmaster; principal; classroom teachers; dean of a department; officer;
Medicine:doctor; nurse;
Law:lawyer; inspector; security-guard; policeman; judge; detective
Day time workers:babysitter; cleaner;
Administration:mayor; governor; president; prime minister; official; politician; premier
Business:boss; economist; enterpriser; manager; waiter; waitress; servant; shop assistant; manufacturer; software- designer;peddler;
Science: scientist; chemist; physician; mathematician;
Art:musician; composer; novelist; writer; actor; actress;
Education Experience & Life Eventsbe born from/in; primary school; elementary school; senior school; undergraduate; master; birthday; get married; death; independence; adolescence; post-doctorate; doctor; receive education; bachelor; scholar; 4.Characteristics & HobbyMutual:bear with; internal; nature; morals and a code of conduct;
Cooperative behavior; noncompliant;; kind-hearted; intelligent; lively; naughty; be keen to do/on sth; active; energetic; smart; be alert to sth; warm-hearted; happy-go-lucky; serious; take everything seriously; dynamic; optimistic; be ready to help;sensitive;be capable to do; wise; humors; quick-minded; determined; perseverant; strong will; patient; talent; talkative; confident;
Frustrated; pessimistic; be sharp with;stubborn; aggressive behavior; be slow in doing sth. /to do sth; careless; sly; selfish; ugly;be jealous of Collect stamps; fan ; listen to music; go in for sports5. Belief &Thought
God; soul; spirit; religious;catholic; philosophy; Christianity; Islamism; Buddhism; Communism; Capitalism; socialism; Bible; worship; church; angel; lord; saint; priest; pray; heaven; a holy war; live a holy life; spiritual matters; non-violent; fight for equality; human rights; knowledge is power; Speak louder than words; better late than never; believe in truth;Revolutionary views
Serve the people heart and soul; devote … to; love the most ordinary beings on earth as oneself; Every individual is equalThe child who can manage impulses and strong emotions, show concern for others, think and communicate well, and optimistically persist in the face of difficulty is a child who is apt to face life's challenges constructively. Such personal characteristics promote positive development, even for children growing up in difficult circumstances. The early manifestations of these skills can be seen and measured in the very young child and their presence help that child cope with the social and intellectual challenges of school. As the child grows, these fundamental skills contribute both to the ability to form and maintain supportive relationships and to the ability to achieve academic success and go on to make productive use of their time in adult life.
optimal child development.
Mao was born to a peasant family in Shaoshan, a village in Hunan Province. He was still a student when the revolution of 1911-1912 overthrew the Manchu government and made China a republic. While he was employed briefly as a library worker at the National Beijing (Peking) University in 1918, Mao became attracted to the ideas of Communism. In 1921, Mao and 11 other people founded the Chinese Communist Party in Shanghai. The Communists joined forces with Sun Yat-sen's Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) in the effort to unite China. But distrust between the Communists and Chiang Kai-shek, who became Nationalist leader after Sun's death in 1925, soon led to warfare between the two groups. Mao and other Communist leaders led small bands to Jiangxi province in 1928. By 1931, that province had become Chiang's chief target. He began a series of "extermination campaigns" that nearly wiped out the Communists. In 1934, Mao led the Communists to Shaanxi (Shensi) province, in what is called the Long March. The 6,000-mile (9,700-kilometer) march lasted over a year and welded the survivors into a tightly-knit group under Mao's leadership.
Mao formed the Chinese into a tightly controlled society more quickly than most observers thought possible. After taking power, he made an alliance with the Soviets, who helped strengthen the Chinese army when Chinese forces aided North Korea during the Korean War (1950- 1953). After the war, Mao began programs to expand agricultural and industrial production. In 1958, a crash program called the Great Leap Forward failed. In the 1960's, a split developed between China and the Soviet Union. Mao ordered nuclear research that led to Chinese nuclear explosions in the 1960's. In 1959, Mao gave up his title of chairman of the People's Republic. But he kept control of the country and of the Communist Party. By the 1960's, disputes between China and the Soviet Union had grown into a struggle for leadership of the Communist world. Mao considered himself the true interpreter of the principles of Communism. He believed that poor nations would inevitably revolt against richer nations. He also accused Soviet Communists of being soft toward the United States. In the mid-1960's, China suffered a series of diplomatic defeats. To maintain revolutionary enthusiasm, Mao campaigned against so-called revisionists, who favored economic changes. In the early 1970's, China improved relations with the United States and other Western nations. Mao died in September 1976, after a long illness.
After Mao's death, Chinese leaders reversed many of his policies and ended the emphasis on his personality. They looked to Japan, the United States, and European countries for help in modernizing China's industry, agriculture, science, and armed forces. These goals were called the Four Modernizations.
Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963) is an American basketball player, considered by many to be the best basketball player ever. Born in Brooklyn, New York as son of Delores and James Jordan and educated at the University of North Carolina, he was selected by the Chicago Bulls in the first round of the 1984 NBA Draft as the third pick. The Olympics
Jordan also formed part of the American team that won the Olympic gold medal. He participated as a college player in the 1984 Summer Olympics, and in the 1992 Summer Olympics as a member of the "Dream Team", with other players such as Magic Johnson and Larry Bird. Chicago Bulls At 6' 6" he played Guard for Chicago in thirteen seasons. He won six NBA Championships (1991-93 and 1996-98) and was MVP five times (1988, 1991, 1992, 1996 and 1998). He retired from basketball before the 1993-94 season to pursue a professional baseball career. He ended his retirement by rejoining the Bulls near the end of the 1994-95 season. After three more league titles, Jordan decided to retire again after winning his last championship in 1998. Washington Wizards On January 19, 2000, Jordan was introduced as "President of Basketball Operations" of the Washington Wizards. On January 31, 2000 he fired head coach Gar Heard in favor of Darrell Walker but only for a transitional period. About four and a half months later, on June 14, 2000, Jordan announced Leonard Hamilton as the new head coach. On September 25, 2001, he announced he would come out of retirement one more time to return as a player for the Wizards, signing a two-year contract. Although the Wizards failed to make the playoffs in either of Jordan's two seasons as a player, he did succeed in proving that his basketball skills, while inevitably somewhat eroded due to age, were still sufficient to permit him to basketball at a high level. Jordan placed an exclamation point on his career stats on January 4, 2002, by scoring his 30,000th career point against his former team, the Chicago Bulls. Jordan retired from playing for the third time at the end of the 2002-03 season. He was subsequently dismissed from his position as Washington's President of Basketball Operations.
介绍几种消除紧张心理的方法自我暗示法
肌肉放松法
提肛法