2006年高考英语备考讲座提纲
沈阳二中 张 健
有可能增加难度（阅读量词汇量） 有可能降低常规热点的考查力度语法考题会更新颖 完形文体会是记叙文，难度与去年相当 阅读选材会更新，命题上会更科学 作文还会是材料作文，看图作文的可能性很大
命题原则
语言必须放在实际的、并且尽可能不同的情景中运用。
语言必须适合具体的交际行为。考核的焦点在于是否达到交际目的
保证覆盖面要广
尽可能增加综合化因素
尽可能增加语境化的因素
单项填空
内容覆盖面广，重点突出，强调动词用法的考查
考查最基本的语法知识，最常用的交际用语
增加语境化的因素
回归基础，不练偏题，怪题，难题
回顾高考单选题，加深理解,总结规律
The films brought the hours back to when I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do.
We did’t plan our art exhibition like that but it worked out very well.
We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to hold on to it. It might be valuable.
News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.
You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please put back the books when you’ve finished with them
The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to get down to our studies.
Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you had on yesterday?
加强特定情景中的语义领悟水平。
Wait till you are more ______. It’s better to be sure than sorry.
Inspired B. satisfied C. calm D. certain
增加情境识别练习
---Your phone number again:I didn't quite catch it.
--- It’s 9568442
---Nancy is not coming tonight.
---But she promised!
I thought you had gone to London.
You decided that you stopped smoking
---When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
--- They should be ready by 12:00.
完形会保持05的难度，选材上仍会是记叙文（夹叙夹议）
对文章的整体理解会较高（运用语篇知识和语篇分析方法在整体层面上领悟“残缺的”语篇）
Global 的设空仍会在10个以上
完形填空解题技巧：层次性解题法
从宏观到微观（global—local)：先主后次，先解与主题直接相关的题，再解和主题间接相关的细节题。（一定要对文章有全局的理解）
A person my have an idea about himself that will prevent him form doing good work.
He may have the 1belief that he is not capable of it. A child may think he is 2stupid because he does not understand how to make the most of his mental faculties. Older people may be mistaken that they are incapable of 3 learn anything new because of their 4 age .
A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real 5effort , because he feels that it would be useless. He won’t go at a job with the confidence necessary for 6success and he won’t work his hardest, even though he may think he doing so. He is 7therefore likely to fail, and the failure will 8strenthen his belief in his incompetence.
Alfred Alder, a famous doctor, had 9an experience like this. When he was a small boy,-----
Paragraph 1 提出观点A person my have an idea about himself that will prevent him form doing good work.
Paragraph 2 通过对比a child 和 older people 具体阐述观点的第一部分He may have the 1 that he is not capable of it.
Paragraph 3具体阐述观点的第二部分A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real 5
Paragraph 4 通过Alfred Alder的例子说明。
通过分析文章段际关系（并列，对比，递进）对全文有整体理解
通过分析段落发展模式和句子的逻辑关系帮助解题。
点式解题法：从细节上的某一点着手，通过分析词的复现，共现和搭配来解题。
词的复现：原词复现，同义词近义词复现，反义词复现，上下义词复现。
词的搭配：固定搭配 非固定搭配：动宾搭配 动词+副词 名词+名词搭配 形容词+名词
Scott and his four companions were terribly disappointed.When they got to the South Pole,they found the Norwegians(挪威人) had 36beaten them in the race to be the first ever to reach it.After 37planting the British flag at the Pole,they took a photograph of themselves 38before they started the 950?mile journey back.
The journey was unexpectedly 39 ,and the joy and excitement about the Pole had gone out of them.
G---S型段落（演绎型）
The journey was unexpectedly 39slow ,and the joy and excitement about the Pole had gone out of them.The sun hardly 40appeared .The snow storms always made it impossible to sight the stones they had 41set up to mark their way home.To make things 42worse .Evans,whom they had all thought of 43as the strongest of the five,fell badly into a deep hole in the ice.Having 44struggled along for several days,he suddenly fell down and died.
36、层次性解题法。根据句际关系，第二句和首句应是因果关系，beaten与disappointed对应。
37、点式解题法。根据动宾搭配解题。plant作动词表示“put sh. firmly”常见的搭配有：Plant a flag（插旗），plant a stake(打桩），plant one’s feet(站稳双脚），plant a bomb
38、层次性解题法。根据第二段首句的提示。
训练方法
整体训练法
化整为零法
主观题训练法
阅读理解
阅读理解：题材，体裁， 适当增加科技 类文章的训练
选材要新
命题规律
阅读技巧
阅读训练
1. 基本功的训练；
将语法和词汇复习与阅读训练结合起来。
识别动词ing 形式 识别状语从句
识别过去分词 识别名词性从句
识别不定式 难句理解
识别定语从句 长句理解
长句难句的理解
The fact that most of the these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries.
70. If young people go abroad, _________.
A. they do not hold to the value of duty at all.
B. they can give some help to their parents back home.
C. they cannot do what they should for their parents.
D. they believe what they actually do is right.
They were surprised to find that the harmful effect of a given amount of physical effort was actually less on the hearts of these trained patients than on those of the patients who were not similarly trained.
74. The experiments done by some scientists showed that _________.
A. some male patients were asked to ride bicycles regularly in the experiments
B. the physical exercise had more harmful effect on the hearts of the untrained patients
C. the physical exercise was harmless to the male patients with heart trouble
D. the physical exercise could be helpful for the patients to take in more oxygen
阅读技巧的训练；
寻找事实与细节 寻找题干和选项在原文中出处（同义，近义，词类，句式之间转换） 根据上下文推测词义
理解内涵 寻找主题句 识别关联词
预测 给文章加标题 把握文章结构
推断作者观点 说明文阅读 论说文阅读 新闻阅读
广告 图表 信函与履历
global 题型 ：主旨大意，观点态度
local 题型 ：微观细节和语义理解
组成一个段落或一篇文章的句子的重量是不相同的， 在阅读中要善于抓住那些更重要的句子,将注意力集中在我们最需要了解的信息上。
通过定义解释，同位语,来猜测词义
Parapsychologist say that humans have a natural ability to sense when someone is looking at them. To research whether such a sixth sense really exist, -----(04 重庆)
Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.
Cairaigo—words that come from outside—have been part of the Japanese language for centuries.(03 全国)
通过因果关系来猜测词义
The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even it is shallow.
The diver somehow panicked at the sight of me . He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing cars on the shoulder.
利用文意和逻辑关系来猜测
And if you’ve gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere, you may fear that saying no will bring back the kind of conflict you grew up with—or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy.(04重庆)
A. dependent life B. fierce fight
C. bad manners D. painful feeling
He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understood anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident. I hadn’t the slightest idea who she was.(99 C)
You won’t believe this but as soon as I got home I crashed out for four hours. Then I had dinner and went back to bed, fearing ---
A. chatted with her friends
B. slept soundly
C. broken down
D. dined out
通过生活常识猜测词义
A deaf-and-dumb guy went into a hard-ware shop to ask for some nails(03完形）
通过对比关系猜测词义(标点，although,even though, while, but )
A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.
A. a party designed by specialists
B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble
D. a demand made by guests
通过同类关系猜测词义
通过具体例子猜测词义
给文章加标题
是否具有高度的概括性；
是否具有强烈的针对 性 （title eye)；
是否醒目；
充分利用引导性主题句；
较高阶段
目的：掌握阅读技巧；增加准确率，提高速度；积累阅读经验，增加阅读的深度，使有意识阅读向无意识阅读转变；形成知识的良性循环
1 阅读一定数量的学科性较强，富于哲理，异国文化较深，接近原文或就是原文的文章
2 通过整体阅读来训练学生的思维能力
4 加强课堂限时阅读训练，提高速度
5 增加报刊阅读量
高考作文的评分标准
（内容１０分，语言１２分，组织结构３分，共计２５分）
内容要求：
A档 １０分 重点明确，内容充实
B档 ８分 重点明确，内容较充实
C档 ６分 重点明确，但内容单薄．
D档 ４分 重点不明确，内容松散．
E 档 ２分 严重离题．
高考作文的评分标准
２．语言要求：
１）语言表达正确，文字流畅．（１２分）
２）语法，措词等错误，每处扣１分，同一错误不重复扣分．
３）单词拼写，标点，大小写等错误，每处扣０．５分，同一错误不重复扣分．
４）每句扣分不超过２分．
５）语言分最多扣１２分．
高考作文的评分标准
３．组织结构要求：
凡内容和语言两部分得分超过１６分，词数超过１２０个，并符合下列条件者可加分．
１）凡全文的措词，句子结构，上下文连贯性等方面比较出色者，可酌情加１－２分．
２）凡内容充实，语言正确，用词贴切的优秀作文，可加３分．
４．词数要求：不足１２０个酌情扣分，少于６０个，总分得分最多不超过１０分．
情景作文
明确情景作文考查意图：
情景作文的命题意图是考查考生能否根据所给情景（表格、图、文字等）撰写主题明确、内容完整、语言连贯的短文能力。在考查考生的书面语言水平的同时，还考查他们的想象能力和逻辑思维能力，考查他们能否清楚地表达试题要求表达的内容。
注意：文章短（60词）所以要做到主题突出，语言精练。过渡词语的准确运用，语言的前后衔接，直接影响到文章的条理性、逻辑性。
写作要领
时间顺序要理清；事件过程要讲清；
信息归类要分清；开头点题要鲜明；
结尾扣题要简明；
要点全、时态清，主题思想要分明。逻辑强、语言精、表达交流要完整。
?
几点建议：
1. 审题。
（1）审人称、审时态、审语境说话的对象
（2）注意文字提示及图画、图表内容的要点。要点要全；详略得当；不要随意发挥加入过多的个人看法和感情抒发（主题不突出；易出错。）。忌：不审题，盲目动笔，随意发挥。列提纲，打腹稿。这样可以使你的文章内容条理化，逻辑严谨，成为一个完整的语篇。
忌：思维混乱；顺序颠倒；前言不搭后语。
2. 看清文体；组织好文章结构。
记叙（记叙+描述；记叙+议论）
描述（描述+议论；）
说明（列举、对比利与弊不同观点，看法。）
图表 （描述+议论）
3. 正确运用语言；表达清楚；把好语言关。
用自己熟悉的句型和词语。不用把握不大的词。力求文理通顺，语言准确。写出符合英语习惯的地道句子，并要准确使用时态和语态。
忌：中文式的英文。
4. 正确运用过渡词。句式多样化。
在有把握的情况下，灵活运用过渡词，句型和短语，能使语篇连贯，漂亮、优美的句子往往会给文章增添色彩，从而取得好成绩。但不要为了用而用，显得文章很涩。你写的文章应是让读者能一口气读完，读懂。而不是要停下来琢磨你到底想说什么。
忌：滥用句式，长句。
5. 避开不会的词语。
遇到不会的词可以用同义和近义词代替。或换个句型，改变一下表达形式。
忌：钻牛角尖。
一篇好的文章应该是：语篇连贯、逻辑性强、用词准确、句式丰富、言简意赅。
6. 书写工整，卷面整洁。
字迹工整，卷面整洁。否则会影响阅卷，影响你的成绩。
7. 复查全文。
检查的内容有：
·句子完整吗？
·名词是否该加s / es；是否要用冠词？
动词时态是否正确、前后一致？
·此动词是否作谓语？形式对吗？
·此词该用形容词/名词、形容词/副词、动词/名词形式？
·用了衔接词吗？
·要点全了吗？
·标点正确吗？
注意写好开头和结尾
给写作留出足够的时间（ 30分钟左右）
熟背范文是写作得高分途径之一
信头
1. How nice to hear from you again.
2．?I’m writing to ---
例：I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.
3．?I’m so glad/pleased to learn that ---
例：I’m so glad to learn that you’re coming in September.
4. I’m so excited to write you a letter a bout my spring outing.
5．It’s very kind of you to write me and let me know about ---. Now I’d like to tell you something about ---
? 例：It’s very kind of you to write me and let me know about Your beautiful city. Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown, Jiangcheng.
6．? I would like to tell you that ---
7．? I am very pleased to hear from you and are writing to tell you something about ---
8．? How are you? I’m glad to know that you ---
9．? How is everything with you? I hope things are going well.
信尾
1. Best wishes 2. I’m looking forward to your reply
3. I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
4. With kindest regards to you and your parents.
5. Best regards to you all.
6. Thank you very much.
7. Remember me to your parents.
看图写话
1．? It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8,2000. I was walking along Park Road when ----
2．One Sunday morning, there were some people in Zhongshan Park. At a stand, a woman----
3．The other day my brother and I went to ---
4．When I was on my way home from school this after noon, I came across an old man who---
5．What happened to me on ---- is just unbelievable/unforgettable.
看图
1．? It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8,2000. I was walking along Park Road when ----
2．? One Sunday morning, there were some people in Zhongshan Park. At a stand, a woman----
3．? The other day my brother and I went to ---
4．? When I was on my way home from school this after noon, I came across an old man who---
5．? What happened to me on ---- is just unbelievable/unforgettable.
6．? I will never forget that day/night: September 26, 2004.
7．? About 9 o’clock yesterday evening, I was busy preparing for --- when suddenly ----
8．? It was quite an experience for us , which I’ll never forget /value for the rest of my life.
9．? Hopefully, from this incident, they will draw the same lesson: follow the traffic rules.
10. The worst to happen was that it would do serous harm to people’s eyes.
课上与课下相结合；
重视翻译；
自批，互批，老师批结合,练后要讲评；
多用学生的习作；
教给学生一些写作技巧；
针对写作中出现的问题有计划地训练；
可做一些口头作文做铺垫
简洁及句子多样化手段
用修饰语开头或位于句中
The lines, by seven o’clock, stretched from the box office to the corner.
Considering his age, his health is fairly good.
In order to get there before dark, he set off early in the morning.
2. 使用关系词
He has a son who is a genius.
A dog that barks may bite.
3. 合并句子，删除赘词
These were the voters. They were worried about unemployment. Unemployment kept rising. The voters were also worried about the dollar. The dollar was decreasing in value.
解读英语考试大纲、谈谈英语备考意见
杭州二中 赵如莲
2006年高考英语考纲修订说明
在“稳定中求发展”这一思想的指导下，2006年“考试大纲”仅对原“考试大纲”进行了个别文字上的修订和调整。主要为：
1． 对“考试内容和要求”中阅读部分的要求进行了精简，删除了难以确切界定的“熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如”。
2． 重新命名了“考试形式”中的部分题型，将“多项选择式完形填空”题，直接称为“完形填空”题； 为避免引起歧义，将听力部分中易使用的“填空题”直接称为“听力填空题”。
下面，简单介绍一下高考英语试卷的命题指导思想和考试内容。
1、 试卷设计和试题命制的指导思想为了“有利于中学素质教育的推进；有利于高校选拔人才”，高考英语科的命题指导思想应该是“稳定中求发展”，在稳定原命题原则、题型结构、考查要求、试卷难度等的基础上，有所发展、有所创新。这一指导思想在命题中具体体现在以下几个方面：
1）命题原则应保持一致 2）题型结构应相对稳定 3）试卷难度应逐年保持一致
4）应时时强调语言测试的交际性原则，逐步加大语言交际能力考查的力度
2、 考试内容和要求
一、语言知识
要求考生能够适当运用基本的语法知识（见附录），掌握2000左右的词汇及相关词组（见《全日制高级中学英语教学大纲（试验修订版）》）
二、语言运用
1．听力: 要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能：
（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取事实性的具体信息；（3）对所听内容作出简单推断；
4）理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。 (浙江省不考听力)
2．阅读：要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断生词的词义；（4）作出简单判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图和态度。
3．写作：要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。考生应能：（1）准确使用语法和词汇；
（2）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。
高三英语教学及备考情况
高三第一学期我们主要上高中英语第三册1-11单元的新课，第二学期准备上完高中第三册剩余单元。单项复习高中英语应掌握的语法知识并适当做一些语法配套单项练习。计划在最后一个月里有选择地做一些综合试卷和往年的高考真题：具体时间安排如下：
每周五节课上新课，一个单元分四节课完成，包括课后练习。
周六轮到外语辅导课在高三学年里一共有20次，各班1节课主要用于辅导中下面学生。
每周二下午有英语全班辅导课80分钟，主要是让学生独立完成一份综合试卷。
每周利用早自修一个单位时间考查单词。测试卷的题目由任教老师自主命题，题型与高考题型保持一致。
每月高三年级统一安排时间进行阶段性考试，试卷由课任老师自主命题，必需围绕各阶段所教知识内容出卷，试卷完全采用高考题型。
高三年级英语学科统一使用的资料有?38套试卷?、?学英语报?。?学英语报?要求学生每周看完一期，报上的单元配套练习要求学生在一周之内完成，第二周再给学生答案，疑难问题由每天晚上值班的答疑老师解答。?38套试卷?主要放在每周二下午的辅导课里让学生完成或者节假日其间完成。
以上几个方面是由年级统一安排并实施的，主要是对时间和内容上作一些控制。下面就我本人在高三英语教学工作中的做法谈一点体会。我在教高三时自己主要做好四块工作：（1）抓学生背单词、背课文。（2）在教新课内容的同时按照考纲上要求的语法项目逐个帮助学生理清语法规则，理解它的作用和意义。（3）抓阅读并帮助学生理解阅读中的疑难句。（4）抓写作训练。
（1）抓学生背单词、背课文。
每上完一个新单元我总是要求学生把该单元的生词背出并给予听写，在听写时分单词和词组进行，听单词时我报英文，听词组时我报中文意思，对学生写不出的或较难拼的单词我总是在事后给予讲解，教他们一些记忆办法和窍门，帮助学生记忆。如：millionaire ： million + air + e , cigarette ：cigar + e + tt + e .对于课文我要求学生分段背颂。检查的办法主要采用听写和默写。听写时我把课文中的一些难句和长句，句子结构较复杂的句子译成中文并逐句报给学生，让他们写出课文中的原句，不许他们按意思写句子。这样做学生觉得难度很大，因为他们一定要把课文背得很熟才能一听到中文意思马上就要对上课文中的那句话并给予一字不差地写出来，如果没有把课文背熟就写不出来。有时候对有些篇幅较长的课文我制定几个段落让学生去背，然后再让他们去默写。一定要常听不懈才能出效果。
（2）帮助学生理清语法规则，理解它的作用和意义。
高考英语试卷第二部分英语知识运用主要测试考生对英语语法、词汇知识和简单表达形式的掌握情况。虽然许多人对英语语法教学有各种不同的认识，但是作为一门语言，语法的作用不容忽视。单项填空对语法知识的直接考查体现在具体的语境中。近几年高考英语中测试语法的项目主要涉及冠词、名词、代词（人称代词、不定代词）、介词、形容词、副词、连词、动词的时态和语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、动词词组、复合句、强调句、感叹句、反意疑问句、祈使句、倒装句、省略句、it的用法、语序和交际用语等。平时在上新课时就要注意观察每个单元所涉及到的语法点，并给予作阶段性的复习指导。给学生做一些单项填空练习和短文改错练习，因为这两道题主要考查各种语法内容。在讲评时应重视介绍一些命题的思路和解题方法。这两种题的共性是在理解单句和整文意思的基础上考虑语法结构。
（3）抓阅读并帮助学生理解阅读中的疑难句。
高考阅读理解部分的5篇短文涵盖了记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文、传记等多种体裁。题材是关于人文、地理、历史、家庭生活、社会生活、产业活动、文化习俗、伦理道德、科普、新闻和广告等诸多方面的内容，涉及到个人家庭、社会交往、日常生活、兴趣爱好、风俗习惯、科学文化等领域。具有题材多样、内容丰富、时代感强等特点，突出了英语学习为语言交际应用服务的最终目的。因此，除教科书之外，我根据学生的实际，让学生每周必读21世纪中学生英文报高中版一期。要求学生重视材料中的常见词、词组、重点句和难点句的理解和摘录，做读书笔记。我让学生通过大量阅读来增进语言习得。另外抓阅读理解教师首先要从课堂提问入手。课堂提问是训练学生思维能力和提高学生理解能力的重要手段。为了要培养学生的观察力、想象力和逻辑思维能力，以及提高其人文素质，我在平时备课和上课中基本按照下面这套模式进行。这套模式与高考试题阅读理解题设问基本相同。
A）观察型提问
What can you see (did you notice / observe)in the picture?
What’s the difference between A and B? What similarities and differences exist between A and B?
In what ways are they different /similar?
What other information have you found regarding the similarities / differences between A and B?
What makes you say A and B are different?
Compare the descriptions of A and B. How are their personalities or characteristics (similar / different)?
B) 归纳和推理型提问
What does the author/writer imply by saying this/ that? What can we infer from...?
What are the effects/ results/ causes of...? What may be concluded from...?
What might be the reason why...? What does the writer seem to be in favor of / against?
What’s the main idea of this article/paragraph/passage?
What’s the topic sentence of this dialogue/ paragraph?
C) 主观认识型提问
What’s your attitude towards it? What’s your personal opinion about it?
If you could / it’s possible, what would you do? What do you think is true about...?
Imagine/ Suppose you are ..., what will you do?
If you were a panhandler in New York City, how would you feel about what the mayor said?
How do you feel about giving money to poor people on street corners?
D)预测型提问
What do you think will happen next / as a result of...?
How do you think the story will end?
E)辩论型提问
Should an entrance fee be charged for parks?
Is it necessary for the students to take part in social practice?
Should the government close all the tobacco factories?
Do you think the government should give the beggars a place to live and some money? Why or why not?
Should people be allowed to own guns / children be allowed to play computer games? Why or why not?
F)评价和反思型提问
What do you learn from the story? What should we learn from...?
What moral lesson has the story taught us? What valuable virtues does the story have?
What have you learned from the story?
在讲评阅读理解题时，我主要帮助学生理解一些较难翻译成中文的长句和语法结构较复杂的句子并教他们一些做阅读理解题的方法。我要求学生把文章中为答案提供信息的段落和句子划出来，并把问题的编号写在该句或该段的旁边，使其一目了然。近几年的阅读材料多选用与学生平时生活学习相关的话题以及科普、广告方面的内容，所以拿到材料后，学生应把握中心思想，主要事实，理解通读全文掌握大意。确定主旨，再进行推理判断。学生平时可以多看文史、科普以及一些应用文章，如广告类型的阅读等。因此我平时要求学生读最适合中学生的?21世纪中学生英语报?。我觉得多读英文报上的文章对他们做阅读理解很有好处，因为这些文章新，词汇也新，题材广泛，趣味性强，能很好地吸引学生的注意力。平时指导学生一些阅读技巧很有必要。在做阅读时先将文章大概先扫读一遍，再行阅读，如有标题，应仔细看，它与全文中心有关系，遇有生词又猜不出意思，跳过去继续看，每段的首句尾句常与本段中心有关，概括全文中心意思要包括各段内容，猜词要依据原文上下文来确定。infer是指原文没有明说但可猜出之意。推理判断要以作者态度为准，有的题可根据常识理解，找具体信息时用跳读的技术，概括中心时用掠读的技术。答题时要看清题目要求，四个选项都要看。各类文章有不同特点，议论文要注意论点论据，记叙文要注意七个w、h questions. 不改变以往做题习惯,先看题还是先看文章各有利弊. 学生做完形填空阅读时首先要粗读全文，了解大意，细读第一句，因为第一句一般不挖空，可得到较多信息。第一遍做题争取填出有把握的空，约占三分之一。第二遍做题则逐个解决，只留下个别不会的题，充分注意文中连接词语的含义与作用，有时可根据动作顺序来判断，时间关系是判断的又一依据，借助上下文中的同义词确定答案，借助反义词来判断，利用构词法知识理解陌生词。要十分注意后线索的现象，答案的提示不一定在前边，谨防连环题，各题答案之间有一定联系。决定好答案后要注意不但在单句中合理、从全文看也合理。明确动词分类知识和名词搭配很重要，实在不会的要猜，不要不填。
（4）抓写作训练。
在训练学生写作时我主要采用两种方法：一是让成绩处于中下的学生写?新概念?第二册课文的summary，要求学生一天写一篇80个字左右的短文，我每天批改打分。在写之前我首先指导学生，把意图讲清楚。先让学生通读全文，看懂课文后面所配套的5-6个问题，再给予整句回答，并要求学生把问题后括号里的连词用到句子中。二是对成绩中上的学生要求他们写英语报上单元练习的书面表达所提供的作文或者写近几年的高考真卷上的书面表达内容，一周写一篇，我给作文打分后再讲评。把写的好的学生习作让学生在班上交流。在评讲时我把样文和学生的习作给学生比较，让他们来评一评，议一议。2001年高考卷书面表达：
假设你是李华,你的澳大利亚朋友Dick听说中国的中小学正在减轻学生的学习负担,来信询问有关情况.请你根据下表提供的信息,写一封回信,谈一谈减负给你的学习和生活带来的变化.周末活动(肩负前) 白天:上课,做作业 晚上:做作业 就寝时间:11:30 周末活动(肩负后) 白天:参观博物馆,学习电脑,绘画等 晚上:看新闻,读书,看报 就寝时间:11:30
(高考样文)
Dear Dick,
… You want to know what is going on in schools in China? In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time. I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums and taking computer lessons. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. What’s more, I can go to bed earlier. As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.
(学生习作1)
As you know, we Chinese students used to study at the weekends. We must go to school and have classes. We didn’t go to bed until 11:30 p.m. for we had a lot of homework to do and piles of books to read. In fact, there were no weekends before the reducing learning load.
But now we have a wide variety of exciting things to do at weekends. We can visit the museum, draw pictures, learn to use computers and so on. We can also watch news (on TV), read books or newspapers in the evening. Of course we have homework to do, but we can finish it very soon so that we can go to bed before 10:00p.m.
I hope to hear from you soon.
(学生习作2)
As you know, burdened with so much unfinished homework, I was always complaining about my busy weekends to you before. Classes and exercise papers took complete control of a day and I could never go to bed until 11:30 at night. But now I’ll cheerfully announce a piece of good news to you. With the learning load reduced, my life during the weekends has changed greatly. Imagine my happiness when I am allowed to visit museums, learn computer programs and draw beautiful pictures in the day! What’s more, I can watch TV news, read books and newspapers instead of doing countless homework in the evening. My sleeping time is also ensured because I can go to bed much earlier. Study is now no longer a hard task for me and with more free time to spare, I find it happy to learn! I’m really enjoying myself now!
(学生习作3)
As you know, students in China have been reduced learning load which actually brings about great changes to our study and adds colors to the dull routine of everyday life. Thanks to the new strategy, we can develop our own interests in the daytime, visiting museums, learning computers and painting, for instance, while some time ago, we had to study hour after hour with little free time. And life in the evening is also changed greatly with more time to watch TV news, read papers or various books instead of devoting all the time to doing countless homework. As a result, we have more sleeping time as well, which can guarantee the efficiency of next day’s study. My happiness about these changes is really beyond my description. What do you think about it? Looking forward to your next letter. Best wishes.
在指导学生写作时我总是提醒他们在落笔之前一定要想一想这几句话：This is a (news) story. It tells about (who / what / when / where / how / why). 假如是议论性文章就要想一下：主题 + 观点 + 结论。2005年江西卷书面表达要求学生写一篇议论性的短文。按照提示学生就应该分三小段来写。对于学生网上交友持不同的意见：赞成的理由+反对的理由+你的看法。 Should students make friends on line? Some people say yes. The internet helps make many friends. Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, and even get help with their foreign language studies.
Others, however, think students should not. They say making friends on line is a waste of time, which should be spent more meaningfully on study. Besides, some students get cheated on line.
It is my opinion that students should place their study, health and safety before other things. As for friendship, we can really find it in our classmates and other people around us.
对于英语基础不好的学生，提醒他们把所给的材料分为几个点，每个点用1-2句简单句(主语＋谓语＋宾语)表达出来；而对于英语较好的学生，尽可能地运用一些高级词汇、可以适当地运用一些复合句，关键是要表达准确到位。一般说来一篇100个左右的短文只要用8-10个句子就可以表达出来了。可能考六类文章，写事，写人，写地方，通知，信件和简单议论，历年以写事为主。文章长度约100-120个词，署名有要求，按规定办，交际对象有时明说有时不明说，应看清再写。写此文的目的即交际目的要明确，内容要点要全，拼写，大小写，标点要准，书写要清楚，不要用大草体，一般不考特殊文章格式，语言首先要求准确通顺，鼓励用出新颖词汇，顺畅连接和复杂结构。复杂结构举例（定语从句、强调句型、倒装、被动、虚拟、非谓语短语、so…that、with加复合宾语及名词性从句）学生在做书面表达时应按以下要点进行：
a仔细审题，看清题目要求与注意事项。b确定文章类型，记叙文，一般用过去时，说明文，主要用现在时。c看全内容要点，主要内容缺一不可。d尽量写草稿，实在没时间也要写一个简略提纲。e用你见过的有把握的句型来写，不要生造中国式的英文。f写好首句尾句，注意关联词语的使用。g 记叙文注意who, what, where, when, which, why, how。h 议论文注意论点论据。i可适当使用复杂结构和新颖词汇，但应以准确传达意思为第一原则。j书写规范，卷面整洁也要重视。k一般十句话即可达到字数要求。L写完后要以短文改错的精神复核全文。还可以让学生记住书面表达中的常用连词与句式和过度用语：
表示时间顺序：first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later…
表示空间顺序：near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side…
表示比较、对照：like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless…
表示因果关系：because, for, as a result, therefore, thus…
表示递进关系：besides, what’s more, moreover, in addition…
表示并列关系：and, as well as, also…
表示总结性：in general, in a word, in short, on the whole…
高考英语应试方法指导（发给学生的材料）
你们现在的复习方式，我想应该是以课外自己做题，课内老师讲解为主吧。这种方式有利有弊，但肯定利大于弊。它的缺点是容易使人产生惰性，让人拿到题目后有些厌倦，没有解答的欲望。以这种心态去做题，效果是会大打折扣的。但它的优点是可以提高你解题的熟练程度，因为高考的绝大多数题目对中上的同学来说，不是考你会不会做，而是考你能不能做得又正确又快，因为会做跟能拿全分还是有差距的。而这种“又正确又快”的正确率和速度是靠平时训练出来的。你们现在的这种复习方式就能很好地训练你的正确率和速度。关键是你在做题的时候要注意态度和方法。 下面就讲一讲平时复习过程中做题的态度和方法。首先要态度端正，不急躁，不要为了完成复习题去做题；二要培养认真审题的习惯。审题不仅是读懂题意，还要读出一些结论，在这些结论的基础上，你就不是从零开始做，而是从一个更接近答案的层次开始做。三要即时总结。你可以全部做完总结，也可以做完一道特别是做完那种你感到很有收获的题目就停下来先总结一下。总结什么呢？可以是某道题目的某一信息可以推出一个重要结论；可以是某道题和以前做过的某题解题思想或者方法类似；可以是某道题的表达方法很独特，很经典；与汉语有较大的区别。你们现在做题千万不要就题论题，要有敏锐的洞察力，要学会联想，学会知识和方法的迁移，学会总结。总结的工作，不仅在自己做题时需要，在老师讲评以后更需要！ 英语试卷分单项选择，完形填空，阅读理解，单词拼写，短文改错，书面表达六块。下面谈一谈相应的复习方法和技巧。 单项选择主要考察你的基本语法和词汇。关于语法，只要你能把平时做过的有关语法的选择题都弄清楚，就基本能够应对高考了。我觉得相比之下，还是词汇更重要。这里讲的词汇不同于阅读理解里的那些生词，而是一些常见由动词构成的词组，比如说take, 就有take up, take off, take on, take in, take over等等，它们的意思都要分清楚。像take这样的动词有很多，你们肯定经常遇到，不要忘了去总结。词汇还包括很多固定的搭配，很多具有特定意思的短语甚至句子。 完形填空其实是在一定情境的单项选择。有些是有背景和情节故事，有的是围绕某个主题的一篇夹叙夹议的短文。所以在把握全文意思的基础上，接下来的工作就和单项选择差不多了。但完形填空更侧重考你用词的准确性，如何做到用词准确，一是平时做题，特别是阅读理解时遇到那些常见的大致知道其意思的单词、词组，最好还是再查一下字典，这可能对眼前的题目没什么大的意义，但对以后的完形填空，甚至单项选择，都可能会有帮助。 对于阅读理解，许多同学说，“只要自己词汇量大，就会选”，足见词汇量对做好阅读理解的重要性。但光有词汇量未必就能做全对。做阅读理解时还要注意两点：1、一切以原文为主。如果脱离原文，有些题目可能不只一个选项是正确的，这个时候更要以原文为主，原文中没提到的不要选。2、善于用间接排除的方法。有些题目的两个甚至三个选项都好象是正确的，那么就要注意它们之间、以及它们和原文中某些句子的细微差别；有时与其在其中找一个正确的，不如在其中找出错误的，而错误的标准还是原文中的句子甚至单词。总之一句话，从原文中找答案！
单词拼写主要考名词，动词，形容词和副词。要立足于对整个句子的理解，充分利用首字母的提示作用，并同时注意分析语法结构，对所想到的单词进行形式上的变化。例如：若是名词，要考虑是否可数。假如是可数名词的话，再考虑单数还是复数形式。若是动词，要注意它与主语之间人称和数的统一，还应注意时态，语态等方面的要求。若句子最基本成份都存在，请根据被修饰的对象，来分析该用形容词还是副词。名词一般用形容词修饰。动词、形容词、副词用副词来修饰。 短文改错应该说是比较简单的一块内容。高考短文改错的错误，绝对跑不出大家平时训练中遇到的那些错误。所以做短文改错的最好方法是经验加基本思维步骤。所谓经验，就是平时训练中遇到过的错误。这就要求你们把平时改过的错误进行总结归纳。所谓基本思维步骤，主要是从1、名词的单复数；2、不定冠词与定冠词；3、代词的单复数、人和物，男和女；4、形容词与副词，以及它们的比较级和最高级；5、动词的数、时、态和非谓语动词；6、上下文的逻辑关系；7、意思相近的词的正确使用等方面查找错误。
书面表达即像作文，又不完全是作文，因为考生不能离开情景和要求，自行立意、 选材，随意发挥，它类似翻译，但又不同于翻译，因为考生必须根据需要进行适当的发挥。 因而有一定的灵活性。所以做这个大题时要掌握一个总的原则——不漏、不错、不多写、不乱写。具体从以下四个方面去考虑、着手。
1．读题，明确要求。抓住核心，进行必要的删减。组织材料，作适当的补充，给框架补
“血”和“肉”，使文章意思连贯，语言畅通，逻辑严密。
2．转换，进入实质性的语言加工阶段。讲究简明扼要，摒弃繁琐复杂。这个阶段是得分
的最关键所在。因此，要多用贴切的固定短语，尽量用自己“拿手”的句子，用英语思维并一气呵成地完成书面表达是最佳的方法。这是上上策。对英语水平尚未达到这一步的学生来说，转换过程中进行控制是非常有必要的。只有这样，才能控制错误的发生，才能少扣分。建议：
①用复合句增强句子之间的逻辑关系，使你的句子变得紧凑，但不要滥用。
②用非谓语动词使你的句子简洁。
③用不同的表达方法来丰富你的句式
3．检查。1）信息点是否完整，有无遗漏。2）语法正确。主要检查时态、语态、主谓一
致、名词单复数、冠词、介词和词语搭配。
4．字迹清晰，卷面整洁
字迹优美，卷面整齐是直接影响评分因素之一。
附：
巧用连接词
要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词
下面请你认真学习并学会运用下列常见连接词
表示罗列增加
First, second, third,
First, then / next, after that / next, finally
For one thing … for another…,
On (the) one hand…on the other hand,
Besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,
Especially / In particular,
表示时间顺序
now, at present, recently,
after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,
at first, in the beginning, to begin with,
later, next, finally,
immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment
form now on, from then on,
at the same time, meanwhile,
till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as, during,
表示解释说明
now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover
furthermore, in fact, actually
表示转折关系
but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other
hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,
表示并列关系
or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither …nor
表示因果关系
because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that, such…that
表示条件关系
as /so long as, on condition that, if, unless, etc.
表示让步关系
though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever,
whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)
表示举例
for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example,
表示比较
be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with/to…just like, just as,
表示目的
for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,
表示强调
in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly,
obviously, above all,
表示概括归纳
in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion,
常用句式有：
1. there be 结构 2. in order to/that 3. so/such…that
4. would rather do…than do 5. prefer to do…rather than do
6. not only…but also 7. either…or或 Neither…nor
8. as well as或 …as well 9. One…the other或 Some…others
10. not…until 11. as if 12. It is no use (good) doing…
13. find it + adj to do… 14. It is…that…
15. It is + adj + to do… 16. It is + time since / when/ before…
重点错误大致为10条：
1、and与but乱用 2、名词单复数形式 3、人称代词误用 4、逻辑推理错
5、第三人称单数后动词形式 6、动词加不加ed 7、so…that结构
8、定语从句中which与where 9、 because, though的使用 10、形容词还是副词
2006年高考英语备考建议
福建师大附中 杨 琦
纯属个人观点，仅供参考
一、高考是一个大家关注的话题
二、高考与考纲、教学大纲的关系
考纲是高考命题的依据
考纲是教学大纲的表达
新课标对命题的影响程度
考纲对高考词汇的要求即大纲的要求（掌握2000左右的词汇及相关词组）
三、2006年高考命题，仍然遵循“稳定中求发展”的指导思想
有利于中学素质教育的推进
有利于高校选拔人才
稳定命题原则、题型结构、考查要求、试卷难度
与时俱进、发展创新
今年最大的变化因素是考生所学的教材与上一届不同。该教材的特点是词汇量比以往的教材大，考生从教材中获取的阅读量比以往的学生大。有关部门会不会考虑到这个变化，对一些试题进行调整呢？从2006年的考纲上可以知道，试题的大体结构不会发生变化，要变就变在考试内容上。所以考试的内容应该是一个发展点、创新点。另外，还要看命题人员的组成，如果命题人员的英语素质不高，或者对现有的教学状况不够了解，所呈现的试卷就可能达不到应有的水平。 这一点可以从2005年14份不同省市的高考卷看出。但是相对于其他考试而言，我国高考是保密程度最高、慎重程度最高、严谨性和科学性最强的一类考试。每一个高考题都是经过反复推敲反复认证之后的产物。从2004年开始分省出卷，高考命题的重心下移，但国家考试中心仍然起着重要的作用，考纲是他们定的。
四、2006年考纲的特点
2005年考纲的继续
2005年的考纲和2004年的不同点主要是：
不提“英语科考试是按照标准化测试要求设计的。”（标准化测试从刘庆斯到国家考试中心工作后提出，因为他是桂诗春的研究生。）
没有了“试卷由第一卷和第二卷组成……”等具体的“形式”规定。
“考试内容和形式”换成“考试内容和要求”
国家考试中心只提“考试要求”，不管考试形式。各自主命题省市，可以考虑各省的考情，来组织高考。实际上形式还在国家考试中心掌握中，考纲上的“题型示例”，就是一种规定的形式，但是分值的分布可以由各省市掌控。考试形式和试卷结构”部分，仅仅规定试卷总分和考试时间，不再具体规定试卷各大题的分值。并无严格规定哪些“题型”。但是考试说明出来时，题型分值就定下来。原来说的那道填空题，就没有再出现了。
2005年的考纲上的“题型示例”取之于2004年“考试说明”“的样题。
2005年增加了2004年以及以前没有的题型“填空题”。当时，还有些专家把这道填空题理解为阅读+写作题，而高谈阔论。
2006年“考试大纲”仅2005年“考试大纲”进行了个别文字上的修订和调整。
“要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。”2006考纲。而2005年考纲是，“要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书……”。
题型，将2005年考纲上的“多项选择式完形填空”直接称为“完形填空”题—2005年考试说明仍是：“完形填空”。这是非正式的误用的产物。真正可靠的应该是学生拿到手的考试说明。
2006年的考纲的“题型示例”和2005年的相同。即：
一、多项选择题
（一）考查听力
M：Well, I wonder why the office is still not open .
W：But it's not yet eight. In fact, it's only a quarter to eight.
1．At what time does the office open?
A．7:45. B．8:15. C．8:00.
M：It's Alice's birthday tomorrow.
W：Are you sure? I think it should be the day after tomorrow.
M：Well, let me see. Oh, I'm sorry. You're right. It is the day after tomorrow. Shall we buy her a present?
W：Yes, of course. Shall we give her some flowers?
M：Flowers are lovely. But I think it's better to buy her a nice box of chocolates.
W：Alice doesn't like sweet things. Didn't you know that?
M：You're right. Er…I know. We can give her a record. She loves music.
W：That's a good idea. Let's go to the music shop and choose one for her.
2．When is Alice's birthday?
A．The next day. B．The day after next. C．The day they had the talk.
3．What will the man and the woman buy for Alice ?
A．A record. B．Some flowers. C．A box of chocolates.
（二）考查语法和词汇知识
1．Paul doesn't have to be made______ .He always works hard.
A．study B．to study C．studied D．studying
2．I first met Lisa three years ago when we ______ at a radio station together.
A．have worked B．had been working C．were working D．had worked
3．She thought I was talking about her daughter,_________ ,in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A．whom B．where C．which D．while
4．—When shall we meet again?
—Make it ________ day you like; it's all the same to me.
A．one B．any C．another D．some
（三）考查阅读理解
We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn't even lift here eyes from the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched, mouth open in surprise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop(拖把). She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up, Mum nodded and said, "Very dirty floors."
"Yes. I'm glad they've finally decided to clean them," the nurse answered. She looked at Mum strangely and said, "But aren't you working late?"
Mum just pushed harder, each swipe(拖) of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall. I watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book.
After a long time Mum came back. Her eyes were shining. She quickly put the mop back and took my hand. As we turned to go out of the door, Mum nodded politely to the nurse and said, "Thank you."
Outside, Mum told me, "Dagmar is fine. No fever."
"You saw her, Mum?"
"Of course. I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. Dad will stop worrying as well. It's a fine hospital. But such floors! A mop is no good. You need a brush."
1．When she took a mop from the small room, what Mum really wanted to do was______.
A．to clean the floor B．to please the nurse
C．to see a patient D．to surprise the story-teller
2．When the nurse talked to Mum, she thought Mum was a_______.
A．nurse B．visitor C．patient D．cleaner
3．After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?
A．It is a children's hospital.
B．It has strict rules about visiting hours.
C．The nurses and doctors there don't work hard.
D．A lot of patients come to this hospital every day.
4．Why did Mum go to see Dagmar in the hospital?
A．To give her some messages about Dad.
B．To make sure her room was clean.
C．To check that she was still there.
D．To find out how she was.
5．Which of the following words best describes Mum?
A．polite B．patient C．changeable D．clever
二、完形填空题
Washoe is a young chimpanzee（黑猩猩）. She is no（1）chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing research（2）her. They want to see how civilized （驯化） she can（3）. Already she can do many things a human being does.
For example, she has been learning how to exchange（4）with people. The scientists are teaching her（5）language. When she wants to be picked（6）, Washoe points up with one finger. She rubs her teeth with her finger（7）she wants to brush her teeth. This is done after every meal.
Washoe has also been（8）to find answers to problems. Once she was put in a（9）with food hanging from the ceiling. It was too high to（10）. After she considered the（11）, she got a tall box to（12）. The food was still too high to be reached. Washoe found a （13）pole. Then she climbed onto the（14）, grasped （抓取）the pole, and（15）down the food with the pole.
Washoe（16）like a human, too. The scientists keep her in a fully furnished house. After a hard（17）in the lab, she goes home.（18）she plays with her toys. She（19）enjoys watching television before going to bed.
Scientists hope to（20）more about people by studying our closest relative-the chimpanzee.
1．A．foolish B．simple C．special D．ordinary
2．A．for B．on C．to D．by
3．A．experience B．change C．develop D．become
4．A．actions B．views C．messages D．feelings
5．A．human B．sign C．spoken D．foreign
6．A．out B．at C．on D．up
7．A．when B．until C．since D．while
8．A．trained B．raised C．ordered D．led
9．A．hole B．zoo C．room D．museum
10．A．pull B．see C．eat D．reach
11．A．problem B．position C．food D．ceiling
12．A．stand by B．stand on C．stand up D．stand with
13．A．straight B．strong C．long D．heavy
14．A．wall B．box C．ceiling D．pole
15．A．knocked B．picked C．took D．pulled
16．A．lives B．works C．thinks D．plays
17．A．task B．lesson C．time D．day
18．A．But B．There C．So D．Besides
19．A．quite B．already C．even D．still
20．A．see B．answer C．learn D．gain
三、听力填空题
Man:……and lastly this week I have some information about a course at the Country College near Burnside,which might be of interest to someone wanting a late-season break, or to groups. They tell me they have spaces on their Country Sports courses the weekend after next. There are three courses that you might like to join: fishing, hill-walking and rock-climbing. So, quite a lot of variety there. The fishing is open to anyone over the age of 12, and so is the hill-walking. For the rock-climbing you must be sixteen or older, for safety reason. All these courses are really enjoyable.（101个单词）
BURNSIDE COUNTRY COLLEGE
Country Sports Weekends
COURSE
AGE
fishing
12+
1.
2.
Rock-climbing
16+
四、短文改错题
Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit 1. _______
to a American family. They live in a small 2. _______
town. It was very kind for them to meet me 3. _______
at the railway station and drove me to their home. 4. _______
The Smiths did his best to make me feel 5. _______
at home. They offered me coffee and other 6. _______
drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing 7. _______
together. They were eager know everything about 8. _______
China and asked me lots of question. In fact, 9. _______
they are planning to visit China in next year. 10. _______
五、书面表达题
假定你是李华。你和几个朋友约定星期天在人民公园野餐。你们的英国朋友Peter 也应邀参加。请你根据下面的示意图，给他写封短信，告诉他进公园后如何找到你们。
注意：
1．词数80~120；
2．开头语已为你写好。
Dear Peter, June 1st
We're so glad you're coming to join us on Sunday. Here is how you can find us.________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Li Hua
2006年的“题型示例”的题目都是选自95年以后的高考题。这些题目在后面的样题（学生手中）还照样会出现。
2006年对语言运用和2005年一样。见下表：
听力
阅读
写作
1理解主旨要义；
2获取实事性的具体信息；
3对所听内容作出简单推断；
4理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。
1 理解主旨要义；
2 理解文中具体信息；
3根据上下文推断生词的词义；
4 作出简单判断和推理；
5理解文章的基本结构；
6理解作者的意图和态度。
1准确使用语法和词汇；
2使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。
2006年福建高考题不会低于去年的难度
福建省认为“不宜在考查语言综合运用能力的试题上过大降低难度，尤其不宜在完形填空和阅读理解，特别是阅读理解方面过大降低难度。”由此可以看出福建今年的命题不会低于去年的难度，“在考查语言基础知识的同时，侧重考查英语语言运用能力”的试题结构。也就是说，高考英语试题突出了对英语学科运用能力的考查，即：理解口头英语的能力，理解书面英语的能力，书面表达的能力，综合运用语言的能力。总之命题要把“知识立意”转变为“能力立意”。2005年的考试大纲虽然删除了“英语科考试是按照标准化测试要求设计的”这一表述，但并不表明未来英语客观题的数量将要减少，这从改卷角度来看可能性不大，大家知道，英语单单改作文和改错两题都调集了大批的人力和物力，如果主观题多了，解决不了改卷的问题。另外，还没有被大家认可的，可以实际操作的题目进入考纲，所以可以肯定的说今年的填涂题和往年一样。但是钻怪题、偏题是不会出的。很多人说高考没有难题，但是每年高考都会有一些有争议的题目 — 这些题目算不算难题？我们考的是本省的试卷，所以很有必要过一过我们省的高考题。
考试形式与试卷结构
答卷方式：闭卷、笔试。
考试时间：120分钟。试卷满分为150分。
题型：试卷一般包括多项选择题、完形填空题、听力填空题、短文改错和书面表达等题型。试题难易比例：试卷包括容易题、中等题和难题，以中等题为主。
2004-2005高考英语试卷分析及复习策略
1 单选题
—Would you like______, sir?
—No, thanks. I have had much.
A. some more oranges B. any more oranges C. some more orange D. any more orange
2005-22考的是名词-可数名词和不可数名词，但也考了some any作为形容词在问句中的使用。这一题考了两个知识点。2004年高考题没有单纯考名词的题目。
If anyone happens to drop in while I am out, ____ him or her leave a message.
A. have B. get C. ask D. tell 2005
—How do you ____ we go to Beijing for our holidays?
—I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable.
A．insist B．want C．suppose D．suggest 2004
动词在用法上，动词在上下文的运用，是高考常考的点，福建考题也不例外。2005年考的是have..sb do; 2004年考的是suggest +句子+do的用法。这两题都是好题，因为有交叉。
2004年的这道题恐怕更像2005年的Mum is coming. What present _____for your birthday?
A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got
2004年的那道题在语用中考了插入语，2005年的这道题就是考插入语和句子结构。
—Did Jack come back early last night?
—Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home.
A. before B. when C. that D. until 2005
—Scientists say it may be five or six years____ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A．since B．after C．before D．when 2004
not yet 尚未, 还没有。看起来好像是强调句型，实际上并不是。2004年的这道题，就是考状语从句，但必须在语境中考。
—James, I am sorry I used your computer when you were away this morning.
— .
A. That’s all right B. It’s a pleasure C. You are welcome D. Don’t mention it
交际用语的考试必须出，但出的好很难。实际上真正交际起来，并不是像考得那样。
2004年的高考，语用题是字典来的，与其说是语用，不如说是惯用法
—Go for a picnic this weekend ,OK?
—_____.I love getting close to nature.
A．I couldn’t agree more
B．I’m afraid not
C．I believe not
D．I don’t think so
The dictionary is being printed and it will soon _____.
A. turn out B. come out C. start out D. go out 2005
It is certain that he will________ his business to his son when he gets old.
A．take over B．think over C．hand over D．go over 2004
短语动词2005年 come out; 2004年hand over
Father___ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him.
A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left
比较Father___ for Beijing when I arrived, so we could only say a few words.谓语动词的时态，这题和下面这道题的区别，可以说编题者是从这道题得到灵感。
—Can the project be finished as planned?
—Sure, ____it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.
A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get 2005
非谓语动词是高考的考点，但由于要覆盖的面很大，而单选题就35题，所以只能考2-3题。这是2005年高考的一个题目。考的是不定式当目的状语。还有一题是33 题，考的是分词。
When ____help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.”
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered 2005
offer ,give 可以带双宾，所以对逻辑主语来说，被提供帮助。所以用被动，过去分词。
Having been ill in bed for nearly a month ,he had a hard time________ the exam.
A．pass B．to pass C．Passed D．Passing
The news reporters hurried to the airport ,only___ the film stars had left.
A．to tell B．to be told C．telling D．told
这两题都是2004年的非谓语填空。
The classroom is big enough____, but we’ll have to move if we have more students.
A. for the moment B. on the moment C. in a moment D. for a moment
有的人分析福建2005年高考卷的时候说，福建2005年没有考冠词，其实，有考，放在这题考。在复习冠词这个项目时，千万不要忘了复习些短语，比如：from beginning to end …
当然，很多教师希望学生死记硬背，实际上out of question; out of the question=impossible
—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You ____it. I could manage it myself.
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
情态动词每年都考，但是我们老师必须完完全全复习才有可能让学生得到这一分。2005年31题，设置在语境中。要想答对，就必须分析语境。情态动词的过去和完成的表述，都用+完成体的形式。不过这题在与人交往中不可取，人家替你做了事情，你却来一个“你不必做，我自己会做”这种人心里有病。
—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
—You________ her last week.
A．ought to tell B．would have told
C．must tell D．should have told
Only after my friend came ____.
A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired
2005年32题，倒装句。2004年没有考倒装句。倒装句、省略句（“教学大纲”画星号项目），但是在考试说明的附录上有这一条。
—Why didn’t you buy the camera you had longed for?
—I had planned to. But I was￡50 ___..
A. fewer B. less C. cheap D. short
The number of people present at the concert was _______ than expected .There were many tickets left.
A．much smaller B．much more C．much larger D．many more
这道题在优化设计高二上还是下有， 我比较喜欢这道题。包括和一些老师交流，这道题考倒了不少人。汉语思维会导致学生忘了英语的这个用法。2004年的形容词就是29题。
2 完形填空
全文及上下文的理解
完形填空的短文一般在300个词以内，少则250。命题者围绕着语法结构、用词造句设题。篇首提示句保留完整。 如：Not too long ago, an incident that happened at Walt Disney touched me greatly. A guest 36 out of our Polynesian Village resort（度假胜地）at Walt Disney was asked how she 37 her visit. 2004年福建的这道题是为了首句完整而完整，有没有这个首句对答题没有作用。还有2005年完形填空A lady and her husband stepped off the train in Boston. They walked without an appointment（预约）into the outer 36 of Harvard’s president. 也是如此。可是重庆的考题的第一句很重要：Hidden passengers traveling in ships, trams, or even cars can be a terrible trouble — especially when they are insects. …全文都围绕着蜂后展开。
词汇在上下文中的运用
从惯用法、搭配角度考虑
The former 37 every possible effort to avoid being discovered, while the latter quickly 38 attention to themselves.（重庆2005）
37. A, do B. take C. make D. try
38. A. give B. keep C. pay D. draw
从逻辑推理、常识推理、逆向推理等角度考虑
Not too long ago, an incident that happened at Walt Disney touched me greatly. A guest 36 out of our Polynesian Village resort（度假胜地）at Walt Disney was asked how she 37 her visit.（福建2004）
36．A．working B．checking C．trying D．staying
从词汇意义及用法的角度考虑
She told the front-desk clerk she had had a (n) 38 vacation, but was heartbroken about 39 several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet 40 . （福建2004）
38．A．disappointing B．wonderful C．uncomfortable D．important
39．A．taking B．dropping C．losing D．breaking
40．A．developed B．taken C．washed D．loaded
从上下文的个体语境角度考虑
The poor driver was 53 that the best way should be to call a 54 .
54. A. bee-keeper B. policeman C. waiter D. repairman
答题步骤
通读---初选--观察--分析--推理--再通读--验证--确定
通读全文，领会大意
前后照应，逐个攻破
先易后难，迂回解题
再读全文，推敲答案
3 阅读理解
考生应能：
（1）理解主旨要义；
（2）理解文中具体信息；
（3）根据上下文推断生词的词义；
（4）作出简单判断和推理；
（5）理解文章的基本结构；
（6）理解作者的意图和态度。
高考阅读理解题主要考查考生在单位时间内快速阅读英语短文，了解短文的主题思想，抓住短文中所包含的信息（事实、细节等），并通过短文提供的材料进行分析、推理、判断，把握上下文事实、细节之间的时空顺序、逻辑联系及作者的意图、态度、观念和文章寓意的能力。
高考英语试题阅读理解题的题材、体裁多样，选材更趋现代化、生活化、知识化，突出实用性、时代性与交际性，涉及了社会文化、能源交通、人生观、日常生活、新闻报导等各个方面。历年高考题材中还涉及到科普知识、天文地理、人物传记、风土人情、广告宣传、体育赛事、历史文化等各个方面。体裁有记叙文、描述文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。
表层理解题(客观信息题）
a). 认定事实试题。例如：
1）According to the passage, which of the following is (not) true?
2）Which of the following shows the right order of the story?
3）Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
4）Which of the four pictures below is closest to …as mentioned in the text?
5) When/where/what/why/how/which is…? 等
b). 猜测词义、句意、片断意义
1）Which of the following can be used in place of …？
2）The underlined word means/refers to … .
3）When the writer says… , he refers to the fact that… 等
深层理解题（主观判断题）
这类试题一般有以下几种设问方式 :
1)文章大意
1）What is the main idea of this passage?
2) The writer holds that________.
3) What is the best title of the passage?
4) What does the passage mainly discuss?
5) The topic of the passage is______.
2) 作者的观点及态度
1）What is the writer’s opinion?
2) The writer argues that________.
3) What’s the author’s attitude?
4) The purpose in writing this text is________.
3) 推论、结论及隐含之意
1）It can be inferred/ concluded from the passage that_______.
2) We can infer/ conclude/ draw from the passage that_______.
3) It is implied in the passage that_______.
4) “…”are used in the text to refer to_______.
2005年高考题：
Paul Zindel’s death on March 27,2003 ended the brilliant life of a famous writer.
Not only did Paul Zindel win a Pulitzer Prize as well as an Obie Prize for his 1970 play The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds, but he was one of the earliest writers in the field of contemporary（当代的） literature for young adults（成人）. The Pigman, published in 1968, is still one of the most well-known and widely-taught novels in the genre. The American Library Association has named it one of the 100 Best of the Best Books for Young Adults published between 1967 and 1992, and Zindel’s autobiography, The Pigman and Me, was among the 100 Best of the Best Books published for teenagers during the last part of the twentieth century. Six of Zindel’s books, in fact, have been voted the Best Books for Young Adults, and most of his recent horror books-such as The Doom Stone and Rats -have been chosen as Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers. Clearly, he was a writer who knew how to interest contemporary children. Recognizing that, the American Library Association in 2002 honored Paul Zindel with the Margaret A. Edwards Prize for his lifetime achievements, and later that same year he was presented with the ALAN Prize for his contributions to Young Adult Literature. With his passing, young readers, teachers, and librarians have lost a great friend.
56. Which of Paul Zindel’s books was the most popular with young adults in the 20th century?
A. The Pigman.
B. The Doom Stone.
C. The Pigman and Me.
D. The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds.
57. Why was Paul Zindel honored with the Margaret A. Edwards Prize?
A. His books were widely read by children.
B. His books were interesting and helpful to adults.
C. He made great contributions to contemporary literature.
D. He wrote a number of horror books for young adults.
58. When did Paul Zindel win the ALAN Prize?
A. In 2002. B. In 2003.
C. Between 1967 and 1992. D. Between 2002 and 2003.
59. Choose the correct statements from the following according to the passage.
a.The Pigman and Me was one of the Best Books for teenagers.
b.Zindel was one of the earliest writers who wrote for adults only.
c.The Doom Stone and Rats are not popular with young adults.
d.Zindel was given four prizes for literature before he died.
e.At least eight of Zindel’s books were very popular in his times.
A. c, d, e B. a, b, c C. a, b, d D. a, d, e
本题的第一句：Not only did Paul Zindel win a Pulitzer Prize as well as an Obie Prize for his 1970 play The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds, but he was one of the earliest writers in the field of contemporary（当代的） literature for young adults（成人）.就是一个倒装句，这一点也可以证明语法复习，不关解决单选题，还可以解决阅读理解，和完形填空的。
应试策略 :
1、审核标题，抓住中心
2、通读全文，掌握全貌
3、浏览答题，明确要求
4、带着问题，重读短文
5、仔细研究，逐一解答
6、复读全文，仔细核对
4 改错
福建省今年会不会考改错？去年就有人说福建不考改错，但是考纲上有改错。今年仍然会考改错。如果不考改错，用什么题目替换改错？但是改错不会难，这是高三老师的共识。去年的改错题，
Dear friends,
It is real a good chance to have met all of you here. 76.____really____副词
We have spent several precious weekend in learning in the 77. _weekends_ _名词
English Club, Although we have been members for a short 78. ____√_____
period of time, we have made a great progress. That is 79. ____a______ 冠词
because we are all very much active and the activities are not 80. ___much____ 副词
only enjoyable and also helpful, Besides, the foreign teachers 81. ____but____ 连接词
here work hard and try his best to make the activities 82. ____their____ 代词
lively and interested. I am very pleased to say that all of 83. _interesting__ 分词/形容词
us / greatly improved our spoken English so far. I am 84. ___have___ 动词
looking forward to see all of you again in the near future! 85. ___seeing___ 动名词
Thank you.
改错题在语篇中改，实际上还是在语法上设题。命题的细目表也必须写出考什么。比如上面福建考题，可以看出：在单选题上没有明考冠词，在改错题上出现了；名词，非谓语都是设题点。
一般改错题的错误，不设在句末或句首。
删减词的改项一般为3个，或者2个添词，1个删词；或者1个添词，2个删词。
改错题的训练现在不成为问题。一是学生适应做这样的题目，一是改错题出得较容易。
5 写作
2006年大纲要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。考生应能：
（1）准确使用语法和词汇；
（2）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。
福建省两年考题都是表格式的：
如2005年的福建省书面表达：
目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。某英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文，标题是“My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations”。请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。
内容要点如下：
主要原因
考试偏多、偏难
不用功、懒惰
取悦父母、老师
个人看法
作弊不对，违反校规
要诚实，努力学习
……（其他看法）
注意：1. 短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥；
2. 短文标题与开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；
3. 词数：100左右。
4. 参考词汇：作弊 cheat（v.）
My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school._____________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
再看2004年的高考题：
假设你是王晓明，请根据你校美化校园的规划，用英语给你在美国的笔友Peter写一封短信，介绍该规划。短信的主要内容如下：
规划目的
美化校园、净化空气
创造良好学习和生活环境
规划内容
种植花草树木
建一个植物园，供参观、实践
建一个小花园，供休息、读书
建几座名人雕塑，激励师生
注意：1．短信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
2．词数：100左右。
3．参考词汇：雕塑—statue (n.) 植物园—botanical garden (n.)
Dear Pter,
I would like to tell you that our school has worked out a new program.
Welcome to our school if you have any chance.
Yours,
Wang Xiaoming
表格中所列的项目都是要写出来的要点。
高考写作并没有像有的人讲的那么玄乎。看看所给的possible version 就可以知道：2004年
Dear Peter ,
I’d like to tell you that our school has worked out a new program.
The purposes of the program are to make our school more beautiful, to make the air cleaner and fresher ,and to turn our school into a better place for us to study and live in .
According to the program ,we will plant different kinds of trees ,flowers and grass in and around our school .A botanical garden will be built for us to visit and practice in .Besides ,we are to build a small garden in which we can do some reading and take a rest .What’s more ,some statues of famous people will be set up to encourage us to work harder .Don’t you think it a wonderful program?
Welcome to our school if you have any chance.
Yours ,
Wang xiaoming
2005年
My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.
As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy and don’t work hard at their lessons. So when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.
In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools, we students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. What’s more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.
写作就是把要点翻译出来，学生的英文表达的培养不是一、两天的事情，现在离考试很近了，不要以为只有让学生背几篇范文就可以解决问题。写作训练一个要跟阅读结合起来，英语的原汁原味的文章读多了，写起文章来就比较容易上手。高考的阅读训练可以和写作相辅相成。另外，每天写两个句子，特别是结合一些写作题选词造句恐怕对高考写作会有很大的帮助。必须养成思考之后写句子，尽量避免首句出错。
