2007年高考英语考点难点4[上学期]
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| 名称 | 2007年高考英语考点难点4[上学期] |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2006-09-05 22:42:00 | ||
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课件32张PPT。第四部分设计制作 刘世岩07年高考英语考点难点battle, war, fight, struggle
war指战争的总体；battle指war中的战斗或战役；fight指具体的人与人之间或动物之间的争斗；struggle指长时间、激烈的争斗，多指肉体、精神上的战斗。对比：
We have had two world wars in this century.本世纪已有两次世界大战。
They were wounded in the battle.他们在战斗中受了伤。
We have started a fight against pollution. 我们已开始了一场消除污染的斗争。
His life was a hard struggle with sickness.他一生跟疾病作了艰苦的斗争。①in time of war
②be at war
③declare war on…
④fight a battle
⑤give/offer battle
⑥have a hand-to-hand fight
(7)fight sb. with sb.
伴随状语可用现在分词也可用过去分词He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased.本句有三个并列谓语，looking 部分为伴随状语。＜＜高考点击＞＞
例题 1）He held up his finger ,_______ a face and nodded his head.
A．making B. made
C. to make D. make
答案：B.此题有and ，需连接并列结构，所填词的形式应与前后保持一致。 He sat there in silence, _______sad and
doing nothing.
A. looking B. looked
D. look D. to look
3)He sat there in silence ,______ nothing.
A.doing B.did
C.to do D. done
答案：A.此题and 之后ing形式，其前面
也应该用ing形式，而不能与前面的sat并列。答案：A.此题才是在逗号之后，需要伴随状误。4)He set out early, ________ there on time .
A.arriving B. and arrived
C. arrived D. to arrive
5)He made a smile, _____ with the result.
A. satisfying B. satisfied
C. satisfied D.to satisfy
答案：B.此题两种选项从形式看都有可能，
但根据意思看，“到达”并不伴随“出发”的动
作，而是明显地有先有后。答案：B.伴随状语可用现在分词也可用过去分词，此处表示“感到满意”的一种状态，而satisfying表示令人满意的，此时的satisfied是过去分词，而不是过去式。be about to do sth. 正要、即将做某事。是将来时的一种表达方式，表示最近的将来。①I was about to go to bed when he called.我正要去睡觉，这时他打来了电话。
②When I saw Tom, he was about to get on the bus.我看到汤姆，他正要上汽车。
注意：be about to 通常不用于带有具体时间状语的句子，但可用be going to 表示。
①Hurry up! They are about to start.快点！他们就要走了。
②Hurry up! They are going to start at 10 o’clock.快点！10点钟他们就要走了。be ahead of 该词组有两层意思，一是“优于”，“超过”；二是“比……早”，“在……的前面” He is well ahead of all the other students in English.
be angry with sb.生某人的气。
be angry at/about sth.因某事而生气。
①Don’t be angry with me for my being late?不要因为我迟到而生我的气。
②What are you angry about?你生什么气？
③He was angry at being kept waiting for so long.让他等了这么久，他很生气。
be certain…; be surebe uncertain about意思是“对……不确定（没把握）”
uncertain的词根是certain,意思是“确信的，有把握的”，常用于以下结构：
(1)be certain(sure) to do sth.
“肯定会做……”（表示某事将要发生）。如：
He is certain(sure) to come next Sunday.
(2)be certain(sure) of/ about sth.
“确信、有把握”（表示某个人的思想状态）。如：
We are certain/ sure of victory.
(3)名词从句作主语时，一般多用certain.
It is certain that he will come.be different from与……不同 Your idea is different from mine.
你的想法和我的不同。
对比：make sb./ sth. different from使某人/某物不同于……
Her special accent makes her different from others.
她特殊的口音使她与众不同。be familiar with,be familiar tobe familiar with的主语是有生命的事，意为“某人对人、事熟悉”；be familiar to 的主语是无生命的事物，意为“某人/事为某人所熟悉”，
对比:He is very familiar with the names of plants in English.他很熟悉植物的英语名称。
Suzhou and Hangzhou are familiar to many foreigners.苏州和杭州为许多外国人所熟悉。
I’m not familiar with European history./European history is not familiar to me.我对欧洲历史不太熟悉。
注意：be familiar with/to ?还表示“精通、通晓”
如：French is as familiar to him as English.他对法语就象对英语一样精通。
[应用] 一句多译①这些事实是每个学生都熟悉的。
②她精通4种语言。
These facts are familiar to every schoolboy.Every shoolboy is familiar with these facts.She is familiar with four languages Four languages are familiar to her.be filled with = be full of 充满，装满 The bottle is filled with water .瓶子里装满了水。
注意：Filled with courage , he went into the cave .此处filled 表示“充满了的”指处于一种状态。
比较：be crowded with 挤满的，与be filled with 有所不同。如：
The room is crowded with guests.房间里挤满了客人。
此外，fill作为动词可用其主动形式，亦可构成另外短语。如：
Fill the bottle with sand .把瓶子装满沙子。30
be likely to 易于……；有可能的.后跟动词不定式，往往用在一时的情形。
I shall be likely to catch cold if I go out tonight without my overcoat.
如果今晚不穿大衣出去，我会感冒的。
Is that magazine likely to interest you?
那本杂志对你有吸引力吗？
be of…结构小结(1)be of + 表示年龄（age）、大小（size）、颜色（color）、重量（weight）、高度（height）、价格（price）、意见（opinion）、形状（shape）、种类（kind）和方法（way）等名词，说明主语的特征，of表示“具有”之意，有时可省去。例如：
They are both of middle height.他俩都是中等个儿。
When I was of your age, I was a teacher.当我是你这个年龄时，我当老师了。
These flowers are of different colors.这些花朵颜色不同。
Tom is of a different way of thinking.汤姆的思维方式与别人不同。
注意：此结构中，如果of后面的名词前有不定冠词a/an，则a/an=the same.例如：The two boys are of an/the same age.
这两个男孩同龄。
These bottles are of a/the same size.
这些瓶子大小一样。
(2)be of + 物质名词，表示主语是由某材料制成或某成分构成，相当于be made of, be built of或be made up of等。例如：
The necklace is(made)of glass.
这项链是玻璃制的。
The bridge is (built)of stone.
这桥是由石头构筑的。
Our class is (made up)of over 50 students.
我班有50多个学生。(3)be of + 抽象名词（如value, importance,use, help等），of表示“具有、具备”等意思，of不能省，这一结构相当于be+该抽象名词相应的形容词。例如：
They are of great help/ very helpful to learners of English.他们对英语学习者来说是很有帮助的。
In fact, sports and games can be of great value/very valuable.事实上体育运动是很有价值的。
The book is of no use/useless to us.这书对我们无用。
It is of great importance/very important to study English.学习英语很重要。
因此，根据上述(1),(2)点可以看出，课文句中第一个be of 结构表示“具有”，第二个be of(承前省去be)表示“由……制成的”。全句汉语意思为：“硬币的大小、重量、形状可能各不相同，并由不同的金属制成。”be onon 表明所处的状态，意为“为……工作，在……服务”可用be a member of, work for, belong to 替换。
I’m on the school team.我属于校队。
She is on Times newspaper.她在时代报社工作。
[应用]完成句子，上下句同意
①Which team do you belong to ?
Which team______you_____?
②She is a member of the city team.
She______ ______ the city team.be out; put outbe out 指“（灯、火）熄灭”，强调状态。 put out 意为“熄灭、扑灭” ，强调动作。如：
Is the fire out ?
Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it.
be remembered as…作为……而被人们怀念
He will always be remembered as a national hero.
be seated
意为“坐下”（=sit down）,是正式用语，而sit down是非正式用语。如：Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen.
be up toto是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。这一短语有以下几个常用意思：
（1）从事于、忙于，有时含有“密谋干坏事”之意。如：
What is he up to now?他现在在干什么？
He is up to no good.他没干好事。
（2）由……负责，常用It作主语。如：
It’s up to you to decide whether to go or not.
是去还是不去由你决定。
It’s up to us to give them all the help we can.
我们理应尽力帮助他们。
（3）胜任、适于。如：
He is not up to his work.他不胜任他的工作。
（4）直到、以至。如：
up to now 直到现在
Between the hours of midnight and 6 a.m.，the hurricane crossed the southeast corner of England with winds of up to 160km/h.
从午夜时分到清晨6点之间，飓风横扫英格兰的东南角，风速高达每小时160公里。because;because of; since; for; as二者均表示“因为”，区别是：
because是从属连词引导原因状语从句；而because of是一个合成介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词或what从句组成介词短语。如:
I went back not because of the rain,but because I was tired.我回去不是因为下雨，而是因为我累了。
Her face turned red because of what he said.他的话使她脸红了。
Since既然，as语气比because弱；for是并列连词，其后是分句而不是原因从句。在强调句型中“it is…that..”中只能用because.
become experienced at对……有经验experienced adj.有经验的，老练的
be experienced in
He’s very experienced in money matters.
experience n.经验，体验（in(of)/doing）
My father has ten year’s experience in teaching.
beeline n.两地之间的直线；捷径（指蜜蜂采蜜后径直飞向蜂房，这条路叫beeline）（1）make a beeline for sb./sp.走近路；走直路；向……直行
As soon as the meeting was over, he made a beeline for the pub.
会议一结束，他就直接上了酒吧。
If you want to catch up with them, you’d better make a beeline for them.
如果你想赶上他们，你最好抄近路去。
（2）in a beeline 成直线地，笔直地
The pupils went to the museum in a beeline.
孩子们直接走向博物馆。believe in（=trust/trust in）信赖；信任；信仰believe in（=trust/trust in）信赖；信任；信仰
Tom is honest. I believe in him.
汤姆很诚实，我信赖他。
He doesn’t believe in anybody in the world.
在这个世界上，他不相信任何人。
We believe in socialism.
我们信仰社会主义。
①We believe in Marxism.
②You can believe in him.
③We believe in our government.
对比：believe sb.相信某人的话是真的。
I believe what he said this time though he often tells lies.
尽管他经常撒谎，可这次我相信他的话是真的。belong to属于无被动结构，也不用进行时态。下列单词和词组也无被动形式：appear, disappear, happen, take place, break out等。
The house belongs to him.这所房子归他所有。
The book belongs to my deskmate.
这本书是我同位的。Besides/beyond,prep.作为副词，意思是“还有，而且”（moreover），常放在句首。如：
I don ‘t want to go out for a walk. Besides, I’m feeling tired.
beyond,prep.
（场所）在（向）……的一边，越过……，（程度）超出；（时间），超过（Δ常用于否定句）；除……之外，……以外。
①Go about 200 metres beyond the house and you will find the hotel on the left.
②I want to buy a bag beyond these clothes.blow①用作动词，表示“吹风，刮风”。如：
blow hard(strongly)风刮得很大；
blow away the leaves吹走树叶；
blow down(over)trees 把树刮倒；
blow in much dust吹进灰尘；
blow off one’s hat吹掉帽子；
blow out the candle吹灭蜡烛；
blow open(风吹)开；blow up爆炸
②用作名词，表示“打击，一击”。
如：be a great blow to sb.
对某人是个巨大的打击；
give sb.a heavy blow on the head
重重地打某人的头。【应用】完成句子
①他妻子之死对他是一大打击。
His wife’s death was _______ _________ ________ ______him.
②我那顶帽子被风吹掉了。
I _______my hat __________ ___________.
③风刮得厉害，门吹开了。
The wind was ________ __________ and the door ________.
④战士们把敌人的大桥炸毁了。
The soldiers __________ __________the enemy’s bridge.
Key:①a ,great, blow, to ②had, blown, off
③blowing, hard, blew, open ④blew, upblock①用作名词，意为“块；街区；阻塞。”如：
a block of ice/stone/wood 一大块冰/石头/木头；two blocks两个街区；a block in traffic/a traffic block交通堵塞。
②用作动词，表示“阻塞，阻拦”。如：
be blocked by the heavy snow被大雪堵塞，block the entrance 堵塞入口；Block!(路标)此路不通！【应用】完成句子
①道路被人群挤得水泄不通。
The road_______ _______with crowds of people.
②那家旅馆同这里隔着两条街。
The hotel is __________ _________ __________.
③他们用石块将洞口堵住。
They ________ (up)the entrance to the cave with big rocks.
④有人在妨碍我们实施计划。
Someone is _________our plan.
Key:①was, blocked ②two, blocks,away
③blocked ④blocking
See you next time!
war指战争的总体；battle指war中的战斗或战役；fight指具体的人与人之间或动物之间的争斗；struggle指长时间、激烈的争斗，多指肉体、精神上的战斗。对比：
We have had two world wars in this century.本世纪已有两次世界大战。
They were wounded in the battle.他们在战斗中受了伤。
We have started a fight against pollution. 我们已开始了一场消除污染的斗争。
His life was a hard struggle with sickness.他一生跟疾病作了艰苦的斗争。①in time of war
②be at war
③declare war on…
④fight a battle
⑤give/offer battle
⑥have a hand-to-hand fight
(7)fight sb. with sb.
伴随状语可用现在分词也可用过去分词He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased.本句有三个并列谓语，looking 部分为伴随状语。＜＜高考点击＞＞
例题 1）He held up his finger ,_______ a face and nodded his head.
A．making B. made
C. to make D. make
答案：B.此题有and ，需连接并列结构，所填词的形式应与前后保持一致。 He sat there in silence, _______sad and
doing nothing.
A. looking B. looked
D. look D. to look
3)He sat there in silence ,______ nothing.
A.doing B.did
C.to do D. done
答案：A.此题and 之后ing形式，其前面
也应该用ing形式，而不能与前面的sat并列。答案：A.此题才是在逗号之后，需要伴随状误。4)He set out early, ________ there on time .
A.arriving B. and arrived
C. arrived D. to arrive
5)He made a smile, _____ with the result.
A. satisfying B. satisfied
C. satisfied D.to satisfy
答案：B.此题两种选项从形式看都有可能，
但根据意思看，“到达”并不伴随“出发”的动
作，而是明显地有先有后。答案：B.伴随状语可用现在分词也可用过去分词，此处表示“感到满意”的一种状态，而satisfying表示令人满意的，此时的satisfied是过去分词，而不是过去式。be about to do sth. 正要、即将做某事。是将来时的一种表达方式，表示最近的将来。①I was about to go to bed when he called.我正要去睡觉，这时他打来了电话。
②When I saw Tom, he was about to get on the bus.我看到汤姆，他正要上汽车。
注意：be about to 通常不用于带有具体时间状语的句子，但可用be going to 表示。
①Hurry up! They are about to start.快点！他们就要走了。
②Hurry up! They are going to start at 10 o’clock.快点！10点钟他们就要走了。be ahead of 该词组有两层意思，一是“优于”，“超过”；二是“比……早”，“在……的前面” He is well ahead of all the other students in English.
be angry with sb.生某人的气。
be angry at/about sth.因某事而生气。
①Don’t be angry with me for my being late?不要因为我迟到而生我的气。
②What are you angry about?你生什么气？
③He was angry at being kept waiting for so long.让他等了这么久，他很生气。
be certain…; be surebe uncertain about意思是“对……不确定（没把握）”
uncertain的词根是certain,意思是“确信的，有把握的”，常用于以下结构：
(1)be certain(sure) to do sth.
“肯定会做……”（表示某事将要发生）。如：
He is certain(sure) to come next Sunday.
(2)be certain(sure) of/ about sth.
“确信、有把握”（表示某个人的思想状态）。如：
We are certain/ sure of victory.
(3)名词从句作主语时，一般多用certain.
It is certain that he will come.be different from与……不同 Your idea is different from mine.
你的想法和我的不同。
对比：make sb./ sth. different from使某人/某物不同于……
Her special accent makes her different from others.
她特殊的口音使她与众不同。be familiar with,be familiar tobe familiar with的主语是有生命的事，意为“某人对人、事熟悉”；be familiar to 的主语是无生命的事物，意为“某人/事为某人所熟悉”，
对比:He is very familiar with the names of plants in English.他很熟悉植物的英语名称。
Suzhou and Hangzhou are familiar to many foreigners.苏州和杭州为许多外国人所熟悉。
I’m not familiar with European history./European history is not familiar to me.我对欧洲历史不太熟悉。
注意：be familiar with/to ?还表示“精通、通晓”
如：French is as familiar to him as English.他对法语就象对英语一样精通。
[应用] 一句多译①这些事实是每个学生都熟悉的。
②她精通4种语言。
These facts are familiar to every schoolboy.Every shoolboy is familiar with these facts.She is familiar with four languages Four languages are familiar to her.be filled with = be full of 充满，装满 The bottle is filled with water .瓶子里装满了水。
注意：Filled with courage , he went into the cave .此处filled 表示“充满了的”指处于一种状态。
比较：be crowded with 挤满的，与be filled with 有所不同。如：
The room is crowded with guests.房间里挤满了客人。
此外，fill作为动词可用其主动形式，亦可构成另外短语。如：
Fill the bottle with sand .把瓶子装满沙子。30
be likely to 易于……；有可能的.后跟动词不定式，往往用在一时的情形。
I shall be likely to catch cold if I go out tonight without my overcoat.
如果今晚不穿大衣出去，我会感冒的。
Is that magazine likely to interest you?
那本杂志对你有吸引力吗？
be of…结构小结(1)be of + 表示年龄（age）、大小（size）、颜色（color）、重量（weight）、高度（height）、价格（price）、意见（opinion）、形状（shape）、种类（kind）和方法（way）等名词，说明主语的特征，of表示“具有”之意，有时可省去。例如：
They are both of middle height.他俩都是中等个儿。
When I was of your age, I was a teacher.当我是你这个年龄时，我当老师了。
These flowers are of different colors.这些花朵颜色不同。
Tom is of a different way of thinking.汤姆的思维方式与别人不同。
注意：此结构中，如果of后面的名词前有不定冠词a/an，则a/an=the same.例如：The two boys are of an/the same age.
这两个男孩同龄。
These bottles are of a/the same size.
这些瓶子大小一样。
(2)be of + 物质名词，表示主语是由某材料制成或某成分构成，相当于be made of, be built of或be made up of等。例如：
The necklace is(made)of glass.
这项链是玻璃制的。
The bridge is (built)of stone.
这桥是由石头构筑的。
Our class is (made up)of over 50 students.
我班有50多个学生。(3)be of + 抽象名词（如value, importance,use, help等），of表示“具有、具备”等意思，of不能省，这一结构相当于be+该抽象名词相应的形容词。例如：
They are of great help/ very helpful to learners of English.他们对英语学习者来说是很有帮助的。
In fact, sports and games can be of great value/very valuable.事实上体育运动是很有价值的。
The book is of no use/useless to us.这书对我们无用。
It is of great importance/very important to study English.学习英语很重要。
因此，根据上述(1),(2)点可以看出，课文句中第一个be of 结构表示“具有”，第二个be of(承前省去be)表示“由……制成的”。全句汉语意思为：“硬币的大小、重量、形状可能各不相同，并由不同的金属制成。”be onon 表明所处的状态，意为“为……工作，在……服务”可用be a member of, work for, belong to 替换。
I’m on the school team.我属于校队。
She is on Times newspaper.她在时代报社工作。
[应用]完成句子，上下句同意
①Which team do you belong to ?
Which team______you_____?
②She is a member of the city team.
She______ ______ the city team.be out; put outbe out 指“（灯、火）熄灭”，强调状态。 put out 意为“熄灭、扑灭” ，强调动作。如：
Is the fire out ?
Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it.
be remembered as…作为……而被人们怀念
He will always be remembered as a national hero.
be seated
意为“坐下”（=sit down）,是正式用语，而sit down是非正式用语。如：Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen.
be up toto是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。这一短语有以下几个常用意思：
（1）从事于、忙于，有时含有“密谋干坏事”之意。如：
What is he up to now?他现在在干什么？
He is up to no good.他没干好事。
（2）由……负责，常用It作主语。如：
It’s up to you to decide whether to go or not.
是去还是不去由你决定。
It’s up to us to give them all the help we can.
我们理应尽力帮助他们。
（3）胜任、适于。如：
He is not up to his work.他不胜任他的工作。
（4）直到、以至。如：
up to now 直到现在
Between the hours of midnight and 6 a.m.，the hurricane crossed the southeast corner of England with winds of up to 160km/h.
从午夜时分到清晨6点之间，飓风横扫英格兰的东南角，风速高达每小时160公里。because;because of; since; for; as二者均表示“因为”，区别是：
because是从属连词引导原因状语从句；而because of是一个合成介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词或what从句组成介词短语。如:
I went back not because of the rain,but because I was tired.我回去不是因为下雨，而是因为我累了。
Her face turned red because of what he said.他的话使她脸红了。
Since既然，as语气比because弱；for是并列连词，其后是分句而不是原因从句。在强调句型中“it is…that..”中只能用because.
become experienced at对……有经验experienced adj.有经验的，老练的
be experienced in
He’s very experienced in money matters.
experience n.经验，体验（in(of)/doing）
My father has ten year’s experience in teaching.
beeline n.两地之间的直线；捷径（指蜜蜂采蜜后径直飞向蜂房，这条路叫beeline）（1）make a beeline for sb./sp.走近路；走直路；向……直行
As soon as the meeting was over, he made a beeline for the pub.
会议一结束，他就直接上了酒吧。
If you want to catch up with them, you’d better make a beeline for them.
如果你想赶上他们，你最好抄近路去。
（2）in a beeline 成直线地，笔直地
The pupils went to the museum in a beeline.
孩子们直接走向博物馆。believe in（=trust/trust in）信赖；信任；信仰believe in（=trust/trust in）信赖；信任；信仰
Tom is honest. I believe in him.
汤姆很诚实，我信赖他。
He doesn’t believe in anybody in the world.
在这个世界上，他不相信任何人。
We believe in socialism.
我们信仰社会主义。
①We believe in Marxism.
②You can believe in him.
③We believe in our government.
对比：believe sb.相信某人的话是真的。
I believe what he said this time though he often tells lies.
尽管他经常撒谎，可这次我相信他的话是真的。belong to属于无被动结构，也不用进行时态。下列单词和词组也无被动形式：appear, disappear, happen, take place, break out等。
The house belongs to him.这所房子归他所有。
The book belongs to my deskmate.
这本书是我同位的。Besides/beyond,prep.作为副词，意思是“还有，而且”（moreover），常放在句首。如：
I don ‘t want to go out for a walk. Besides, I’m feeling tired.
beyond,prep.
（场所）在（向）……的一边，越过……，（程度）超出；（时间），超过（Δ常用于否定句）；除……之外，……以外。
①Go about 200 metres beyond the house and you will find the hotel on the left.
②I want to buy a bag beyond these clothes.blow①用作动词，表示“吹风，刮风”。如：
blow hard(strongly)风刮得很大；
blow away the leaves吹走树叶；
blow down(over)trees 把树刮倒；
blow in much dust吹进灰尘；
blow off one’s hat吹掉帽子；
blow out the candle吹灭蜡烛；
blow open(风吹)开；blow up爆炸
②用作名词，表示“打击，一击”。
如：be a great blow to sb.
对某人是个巨大的打击；
give sb.a heavy blow on the head
重重地打某人的头。【应用】完成句子
①他妻子之死对他是一大打击。
His wife’s death was _______ _________ ________ ______him.
②我那顶帽子被风吹掉了。
I _______my hat __________ ___________.
③风刮得厉害，门吹开了。
The wind was ________ __________ and the door ________.
④战士们把敌人的大桥炸毁了。
The soldiers __________ __________the enemy’s bridge.
Key:①a ,great, blow, to ②had, blown, off
③blowing, hard, blew, open ④blew, upblock①用作名词，意为“块；街区；阻塞。”如：
a block of ice/stone/wood 一大块冰/石头/木头；two blocks两个街区；a block in traffic/a traffic block交通堵塞。
②用作动词，表示“阻塞，阻拦”。如：
be blocked by the heavy snow被大雪堵塞，block the entrance 堵塞入口；Block!(路标)此路不通！【应用】完成句子
①道路被人群挤得水泄不通。
The road_______ _______with crowds of people.
②那家旅馆同这里隔着两条街。
The hotel is __________ _________ __________.
③他们用石块将洞口堵住。
They ________ (up)the entrance to the cave with big rocks.
④有人在妨碍我们实施计划。
Someone is _________our plan.
Key:①was, blocked ②two, blocks,away
③blocked ④blocking
See you next time!