课件77张PPT。
高考16年来英语书面表达题
年代 形式 内容
1996 根据表格写简历 介绍自己，申请工作
1997 看图写话 描述一件交通违章事件
1998 看图写话 某中学参观农场
1999 看图写信 用两幅不同的画介绍学校变化
2000春 书面通知 以组织者身份通知音乐周活动
2000夏看图写话 报道一起交通事故
2001 根据表格写回信 有关减负前后的变化
2002 根据表格给报社写信 讨论公园是否收门票
2003 看图写回信 介绍为其所租的房子
高考16年来英语书面表达题
年代 形式 内容
2004 给美国朋友写信 告知电视台举办才艺大赛
2005 根据网上的一则旅游 询问旅游事宜
广告发电子邮件
16年高考书面表达题四大特征
以记叙文应用文为主
看图7次，表格3次，提示3次
以第1人称为主，每篇10句左右
以国内生活、主要以学校生活
为背景
体现交际性
书面表达题的高分特征
?????书写规范
??????? 要点完整
????????? 语言流畅
???????? 中心明确
?
做好书面表达题的四种能力
迅速组织句子，连句成文的能力
连贯叙述及一定的文字判断和
编辑能力
一句多译、扬长避短变难为易
变通能力
一定的想象和综合概括能力
做好书面表达题应注意
“四个善于”
1、 要善于选择运用合适句型
2．?????????要善于使用过渡词和连接词
3．?????????要善于使用英文的习惯用语
4．?????????要善于变通，变难为易
做好书面表达应注意
“四个变化”
1. 句子结构、句型的变化
2. 主语的变化
3. 句子长度的变化
4. 用词的变化
做好书面表达的
“四个要决”
熟记基本词汇和基本句型
熟记英语习惯用语和过渡词
熟记英文名篇名段及表达技巧
熟记英文的表达及文化背景
考生错误的“四大问题”
句子的结构问题
句子不完整
1）????????? 断句
2）????????? 句子悬垂
3）????????? 主谓不一致
时态、语态问题
用词方面的问题
1）????????? 词性错误
2）????????? 单词拼写
动词变化
汉式英语
写作过程的“六以、六求”
以审题求切题
以提纲求周密
以过渡求条理
以常用求保险
以变化求生动
以整洁求印象
中英文的六大差异
1 汉语中的主语未必是英文中的主语
???? 2 汉语中无主语的句子，英文中要用
“IT”“YOU”“ONE”等代替
??? 3 主动被动在英汉中表现形式不一样
在汉语中的主动形式，在英文中也许是被动
在汉语中的被动形式，在英文中也许是主动
4 汉语无时态及动词变化
英文中却常见。5) 用词差异:
英文多用名词，中文多用动词。
英文多用介词，中文多用动词。
6)结构差异
中文先叙述后表态，英文先表态后叙述唐诗 作者 张绩嫁得瞿塘贾，
朝朝误妾期。
早知潮有信，
嫁与弄潮儿。译文Since I married the merchant of Qutang,
He has failed each day to keep his word…
Had I know how regular the tide is,
I might have chosen a river boy.
(Translated by Bynner)
静 夜思
床前明月光
疑是地上霜
举头望明月
低头思故乡Before my bed a pool of light-----
Can it be hoarfrost on the ground?
Looking up, I find the moon bright;
Bowing, in homesickness I ‘m drowned.悯农锄禾日当午,
汗滴禾下土。
谁知盘中餐，
粒粒皆辛苦。 At noon they hoe up weeds;
Their sweat drips on the soil.
Who knows the rice that needs
Is the fruit of hard toil!
Before my bed a pool of light-----
Can it be hoarfrost on the ground?
Looking up, I find the moon bright;
Bowing, in homesickness I ‘m drowned. 新嫁娘
王建
三日入厨下， 洗手做羹汤。
未谙姑食性， 先遣小姑尝。Newly- married Bride
Having married for just three days,
I went to the kitchen to cook soups.
Afraid if it might not suit my mother –in –law’staste,
I let my sister-in-law try it first.
检查修改书面表达的
“四个层次”
1.语篇层次上的检查
2.段落层次上的检查
3.句子层次上的检查
4.词汇层次上的检查
训练书面表达要做到
“四化”
写作训练要经常化
写作训练要规范化
写作训练要阶段化
写作训练要多样化
指导考生写作要“三结合”
与日常生活相结合
与学过的句型、词组、词汇
相结合
与交际相结合
下面是一些比较常用的过渡词：
1. 表示增加的过渡词
also, and, and then, too, in addition, besides,
furthermore, moreover, again another, above,
2.表示时间顺序的过渡词
now, then, before, after, afterwards, earlier, later,
immediately, soon, next, in a few days, meanwhile,
gradually, first, second, finally, till.
3. 表示空间顺序的过渡词
near, near to, far, far from, in front of, beside,
beyond, above, below, to the right,to the left,
around, behind, on one side….
4.表示表达的过渡词
but, still, however，on the other hand，
on the contrary, yet, in spite of , nevertheless
5. 表示比较的过渡词
in the same way, similarity, just like just as
6. 表示结果和原因的过渡词
because, since, so, as a result, therefore,
then , hence, thus ,as.
7. 说明目的的过渡词
for this reason, for the purpose, so that, in order to, in order that, so as to
8.说明强调的过渡词
indeed, in fact, surely, without any doubt, to repeat, again, most important
9. 表示解释说明的过渡词
in addition, for example ,for instance, further more, in fact, actually
10.表示总结的过渡词
finally, at last, in summary, in brief, to sum up,
in conclusion, as has been stated
1997年高考书面表达
My parents live in the country, They keep a dog called Ah Fu. One day my parents went to work in the fields taking my sister and Ah Fu alone. While they were working, my sister walked to river nearby. Ah Fu
followed there. She was trying to pick a flower when she fell into the river. Ah Fu barked and jumped into the water immediately. When my parents heard Ah Fu barking they ran to the river. They saw Ah Fu swimming towards the bank carrying my little sister. My parents praised Ah Fu warmly. It was our brave Ah Fu who saved my little sister. 1998年高考书面表达
Today we visited a farm. Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together. The farm workers gave us a warm welcome. Then the head of the farm showed us around. How glad we were to see the crops and vegetables growing well. At noon
we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short
rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes or stories. Two of us even played a game of
chess. The time passed quickly. Before we knew it , we had to say goodbye to the workers.
1999年高考书面表达
Dear Mr. Smith,
I was so pleased to hear from you and am writing to you something about my school.You are right Quite a few changes have taken place. On one side of the road there is a new classroom building . On the other side, where the playground used to be now stands another new building ---our library. In it there are all kinds of books, newspapers and magazines. The playground is now in front of the school. We have also planted a lot of trees in and around the school. I hope you come and see for yourself some day. Best wishes,
Yours,
2000年高考书面表达
It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8, 2000. I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road. The next moment the car hit the man while he was crossing the road. He fell with a cry. The car didn’t stop but drove off at great speed heading west. I noticed the driver was a young woman and the plate number was AC864. About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital. Li hua
2001年高考书面表达
Dear Dick,
How nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in schools in China? In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. I don’t know about other, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time. I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums, and taking computer lessons. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. What’s more, I can go to bed earlier. As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.
2002年高考书面表达
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.
Opinions are divided on the question. 60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance free will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.
On the other hand,40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.
Yours truly,
Li Hua 2003年书面表达分析
Dear Bob,
I’m so glad to learn that you’ re coming in September. I’ve found a place for you. It’s a small flat of 25 square meters, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair. The rent is 500 yuan per month. The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chineses School. Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school. In fact, it’s only one stop. Do you think you’d like it? If not., I can try and find another place. Just let me know.
Yours Li Hua
2004
Dear Peter,
I read in a newspaper today that a “Learn Chinese, Sing Chinese Songs” Foreigners’ Talent Show will be held in Beijing Television Station on July 18. I know you like singing, and you are in Beijing during that period. I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you have learned Chinese. If you would like to try, you’ll have to go to the TV station to sign up before the end of July. If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.
Yours
Li Hua
要善于使用过渡词和连接词
先让我们看一看上海某年的高考题：
根据提示情景用英文写出一段80-100词的通顺恰当的短文，不必根据中文逐句翻译。
我们学校历史悠久，它的学生中不少已成为各自领域的专家，近年来我们的学校发生了很大的变化，我们为自己的学校感到自豪。
1.We take pride in our school. 2. To begin with, ours is a school with a long history which was set up fifty year ago. 3. So far hundreds of thousands of students have graduated from it.
4. And then a great number of them are experts in various fields. 5. Then in recent years great changes have taken place there. 6. For example, a new lab and a new library have been built with modern equipment and new books. 7. In addition more trees and flowers are being planted in the school garden. 8. Seeing such an excellent school, one can’t help feeling proud of it.
这篇短文较好地使用了“启、承、转、合”的表达方式，如在主题句We take pride in our school 之后，使用“启”To begin with 来引导扩展句，接着使用so far 和and then 作“承”之后又用“Then”和“In addition”作“转”最后，用“seeing such…”作“合”。上下连接自然。下面是一些常见的“启、承、转、合”的表达方式:
１、有关 “启”的常用词语：用于引导主 题句，或用于主题句的后面，引导第一 个扩展句。
first(ly) 第一
at first 最初
first of all 首先，第一
in the first place 首先，第一
at present 现在
in the beginning 起初
to begin with 首先，第一
to start with 首先，第一
for one thing 首先
(常与for another 连用) （其次）
on the one hand 一方面
(常与on the other hand 连用)（另一方面）
now 现在
currently 目前
lately 最近
recently 最近
in general 一般来说
generally speaking 一般来说
2、有关 “承”的常用词语：用于承接主 题句，或第一个（或前一个）扩展句。
second(ly) 第二；第二点
third (ly) 第三；第三点
also/too 并且；又，也
besides (this) 此外
in addition 此外
in addition to 除…之外
furthermore 而且,此外
moreover 而且,此外
what is more 而且,此外
for another 其次
for example 例如
for instance 例如
as an example 例如
as another example 再如
namely 即, 就是
then 然后
of course 当然
in other words 换句话说
in particular 特别,尤其
in the same way 同样地
after that 此后
afterwards 此后
after a few days 几天以后
after a while 过了一会儿
from now on 从此
later 后来
just as 正如
similarly 同样地
meanwhile 同时
at the same time 同时
by this time 此时
soon 不久
consequently 结果
3. 有关“转”的常用词语:用来表示不同 或相反的情况
after all 毕竟
but 但是
yet 仍,然而
however 然而
nevertheless 尽管,如此
though 尽管如此
although 虽然…
despite 尽管
in spite of 尽管
on the contrary 相反地
unlike… 与…不同
on the other hand 另一方面
all the same 但是
unfortunately 不幸地
still 仍然
in fact 事实上
as a matter of fact 事实上
4. 有关“合”的常用词语：用于小结段落 中上文的内容，引导最后一个扩展句或 引导结尾句表示段落的结束。
finally 最后
in brief 简言之
in conclusion 总之
in short 简言之
briefly 简单地说
above all 最重要地
as a result 结果
for this reason 所以
as has been noted 如前所述
as I have said 如我所述
at last 终于
at length 最后，终于
eventually 最终
accordingly 于是
indeed 的确
surely 无疑
no doubt 毫无疑问
truly 的确
so 所以
obviously 显然
certainly 无疑
清楚地表达需要表达的内容 Using the same way to start sentences indicates a weakness in sentence construction We set out in the morning. Li Ming was carrying a compass. He also had a tent in his backpack. I carried a lot of things too. I had a flashlight in my backpack. I also carried some food and clothing. We climbed a hill on the way. We swam across a river then. We found a piece of wood. We put our backpacks on it. We pushed the wood across the river. We got into a forest. We lost our way there. Li Ming took out the compass. We found the right direction then. We arrived at the campsite late.
Early in the morning, we set out. Li Ming was carrying a compass and a tent in his backpack, and in mine there was a flashlight, a map, a knife, a first-aid kit, some matches, candles, food and clothing. On the way to the campsite, we climbed a hill, and then we swam across a river, pushing the backpacks on a large piece of wood we had found by the river. As we got into a forest, we lost our way. Luckily, we found the right direction with the compass. By the time we arrived at the campsite, it had already been dark. Li Ming then put up the tent, and I made fire and started cooking.
应该在整篇文章中避免使用单一的一两个句型，要灵活运用各种语法结构，灵活使用十二种句式，长短句要交错使用，这样才能使文章有声有色。试比较以下两种表达，体验高级句式的妙处，学会使用高级句式。1、改变时态：例：The bell is ringing.(一般)——There goes the bell.(高级)
2、改变语态：例：People suggest that the conference be put off(一般).——It is suggested that the conference be put off. (高级)
3、使用不定式：例：He is so kind that he can help others(一般).——He is so kind as to help me.(高级).4、使用过去分词：例：（１）She walked out of the lab and many students followed her . (一般)——Followed by many students , she walked out of the lab.(高级)
(2)Once it is seen , it can never be forgotten .(一般)——Once seen , it can never be forgotten .(高级)5、使用V+ing形式：例：(1)When he arrives, please give me an E-mail. (一般)——On arriving/his arrival, please give me an E-mail.(高级)
（２）If the weather permits , I’ll come tomorrow.(一般)——I’ll come tomorrow , weather permitting (高级)
6、使用名词性从句：例：(1)It disappointed everybody that he didn’t turn up .(一般)——The fact that he didn’t turn up disappointed everybody.（高级）
（2）I happened to met him .（一般）——It happened that I had met him.7、使用定语从句：例：The girl is highly spoken of . Her composition was well written (一般)——The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of .(高级) .
8、使用状语从句：例：（1）I won’t believe what he says . （一般）——No matter what he says , I won’t believe. (高级)（2）If you come back before six o’clock, you can go out . （一般）——You can
go out on condition that (provided that )you come back before six o’clock.(高级)
(3)If she doesn’t agree, what shall we do ? （一般）——Supposing that she doesn’t agree , what shall we do ? (高级)
9、使用虚拟语气：例：The ship didn’t sink with all on board because there were the effort of the capital.(一般)——But for the efforts of the captain , the ship would have sunk with all on board .(高级)
10、使用强调句型：例：Regular radio broadcasts began in 1920.(一般)——It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began . (高级)
11、使用倒装句：例：Though I’m weak , I’ll make the effort.(一般)——Weak as I am , I’ll make the effort.(高级)
12、使用并列句：例：If you go through the gate , you’ll find the entrance to Bear Country .(一般)——Go through the gate , and you’ll find the entrance to the Bear Country . (高级)一天夜里正在家睡觉，忽然听到…根据以下图画写出小明当天晚上的经历。
参考词汇：Burglars, emergency call
Li hua was woken by a big sound at midnight outside window, he rose from bed and went up to the window, out of which he found just opposite his building at the nearest store, two men went through the broken window with begs. It must be them who broke the windows. He thought. Immediately he called “101”, that is emergency call,telling what had happened here. Soon the police car came and the burglars were caught with their begs full of the money on the spot. Li hua felt happy because it was he who helped the police to catch the burglars.Xiao Feng came to know Xiao Hong at the “hand by hand “ summer camp at Hong xing hope project school during the summer holiday. Since then they have written each other. Xiao Feng helped Xiao Hong with her physics and English, and sometimes she mailed Xiao Hong some of her books and studying materials. What is more, she invited her to her home during Maydays and showed her how to use the computer.
Xiao Hong made much progress with the help of Xiao Feng. She was presented with the title of studying model at the end of the school year. Both of them were very pleased with it.8,8,
Our school is a very beautiful school, which is located at the foot of a green hill and beside a wide river.
The schoolyard is five hundred meters wide and six hundred metres long, with its gate facing south. In the front of the school is a beautiful garden with a library on its left and a laboratory on its right. Behind the garden is the classroom building of six storeys, the teachers’ offices being on the third floor. At the back of the school are the student dormitory and the dining-hall, in front of which lies the teachers’ apartment building. The large sports field stands between the classroom building and the teacher’ apartment building.课件32张PPT。英语图表作文攻略 1、图表的说法a data graph
chart
diagram
table 2、常用的描述用法The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that) According to the table/chart diagram/graph As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures,
Figures/statistics shows (that)...
It can be seen from the figures/statistics We can see from the figures/statistics
It is clear from the figures/statistics
It is apparent from the figures/statistics (that) ...
The table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how......?3、图表数据具体表达法增加：increase / raise / rise / go up ..
减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall ...
波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ...
稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ... 4.表示程度的副词： 1. 程度较大：
considerably
dramatically
greatly
markedly
obviously quickly
rapidly
sharply
significantly
suddenly2. 程度较小：
slightly
gradually
slowly
steadily5.对于百分比进行描述所使用的句型： 1.… % the …… is/has/have/are ……
2.… accounts for ……% of the total
3…… takes up ……% in the whole chart6. 常用句型1. As is shown by the graph/in the table。。(概述图表)
正如曲线所示，最近54年来该国人口飞速增长。
As is shown by the graph, there has been a rapid increase in the population of the country in the past five years.2. It can be seen from the table that … (得出结论)
shown graph
concluded figures
estimated statisticsA. 从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从1985年到1990年中国的人均收入迅速提高。
From the statistics given in the table it can be seen that the average personal income of the Chinese people increased (grew 、rose) rapidly from 1985 to 1990.B. 从曲线图可以得出结论，最近5年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。
It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great decline in birth rates in China in the past five years.3. … amount to … (数量总计)
add up to
come to
sum up to
全部费用合计200美元。
All the expenses (costs) amount to (= add up to) $ 200.4. … increase from … to … (数量增减)
decrease
rise
fall
dropA. 这个工厂生产的彩电已由1986年的5000台增加到1990年的21000台。
The number of colour TV sets produced by the factory increased (rose , grew , climbed) from 5000 in 1986 to 21000 in 1990.B.参加者的人数增加到30万。
The number of participants grew up to 300000 persons increased , reaching 300000 persons.C. 这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人。
The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased to 700 persons.5.(be)three times as + 形容词 + as
现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于1970年的3倍。
The grain production (= output) in our area now is three times as great as that of 1970.6.Compared with … , …
与去年相比，今年13项主要产品的产量都有大幅度增长。
Compared with that of last year, the output of 13 main products (= items) this year has increased to a great extent.7. 结尾”段落中常用的句型 ——“结尾”段落中常用的句型：
1. In my opinion, …
2. Personally, I …
3. In short (= In brief), …
4. In conclusion, …
5.As far as I’m concerned, …
6. To conclude , it seems clear that …例如：至于说到我，我赞成前一种观点。所以，我的结论是，只要我们坚持正确的东西，改正错误的东西，我们就一定能成功。
As far as I’m concerned ,I’m in favour of the former view. Therefore,my conclusion is that we are certain to succeed as long as we stick to what is right and correct what is wrong. 课本102页练习Describe the information in the bar graph This bar graph shows how the percentage of school-age children attending school in China changed between 1985 and 2002. The number of school age children increased a lot during this time. In 1985 it was just over 95.5%, but it rose in the five years that followed to about 98.5% in 1995. After that, the number continued to increase and by 2002, 99% of children were attending school.Compare 1985 with 2002 Between 1985 and 2002 the percentage of school age children attending school increased by more than 3%, so that by 2002 99% of children were going to school.Why did these changes happen? These changes happened because in 1986 the Government made it compulsory for every child to attend school. It is also because there are more schools now- especially in the countryside where kids used to be too far away from the nearest school.What do you expect in the future? I expect the bar for 2010 will probably be 100% because the number of children going to school increased throughout the period of the graph, so it will probably continue to increase in future.
