语法复习之形容词[下学期]
图片预览
文档简介
课件23张PPT。形容词 与 副词
语法 ( 4 )二、形容词的构成1.由后缀构成的形容词四、副词的分类形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1. 表示倍数的三个句型
1. …times as + adj.(原级) + as
This table is three times as big as that one.
2. … times the + 性质名词 + of …
This table is three times the size of that one.
3. … times + adj.(比较级) + than …
This table is three times bigger than that one.
*** 注意：
The output of cars in 2003 is six times that of 2000.
The output of cars in 2003 is six times what it was in 2000. 2 同程度级的比较，用as…as, the same as, such…as引导： Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is).
= Henry is such a good worker as Peter (is).
Henry does not have so / as many books as I have.
His name is the same as his father’s (name).
3. 表示比例的句型：
The +比较级…, the +比较级…
The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.
The longer you stay, the better (it will be). 4.比较级+比较级，表示“越来越…”He ran faster and faster.
The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.
5. 用介词 by 表示相差的程度：
She is taller than I by three inches.
I missed the last train by one minute.
6. 一个人的两种性质的比较，用more … than结构：
— Ann acts quite unfriendly.
— I think she’s more shy than unfriendly.
与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。
He is more like a beast than like a human being.7. 否定+比较级=最高级为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。
There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.
他过了最担心的一天。
He has never spent a more worrying day.
8. 比较的对象不能相互包容，注意: “比较级 + than +”The Mississippi River is longer than any other river
in the United States.China is larger than any other country in Asia /
any country in Africa. +the other + 复数名词
+ any other + 单数名词
+ any of the other +复数名词
+anything/ anyone else｛9. 修饰比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather, much, still, even, far, any (用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit, three times等，例如：
The students study even harder than before.
A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.
修饰最高级的有序数词; by far,
Eg: The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.
I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.
我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。
10. 比较的对象应该相同。The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.
The radios made in our factory are better than those (made) in your factory.
The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world. (人口与人口相比，出现代词 that )
China has a larger population than any other country in the world. (国家与国家相比较)11. 比较状语从句中代动词的使用。Bob looks younger than I _____. A. am B. do C. look D. did
Bob looks younger than he _____. A. does B. looks C. is D. was
Bob looked younger than I _____. A. do B. am C. looked D. did
I know you better than he _____. A. do B. is C. does D. was
I know you better than _____. A. he B. his C. him D. she B. doC. isD. didC. doesC. him12. 注意 no + 比较 级 + than 的特殊含义A is no more careful than B.
-----A和B两人都不仔细。
A is no less careful than B.
-----A和B两人都很仔细。
A is not more careful than B.
-----A不如B仔细。
A is not less careful than B.
-----A的仔细程度并不弱于B。
13. 注意比较结构中的省略现象：— What do you think of the film?
— I have never seen a better one. (后边省略了than this film)
Tom’s composition, if not better (后边省略了than Jack’s), is at least as good as Jack’s.
The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper, but not as good. (后边省略了as the ones in this shop)这种省略现象给正确判断造成一定的障碍，在高考题中出现率高，应引起足够的重视。14. 无比较级、最高级的形容词和副词常见的有：(1)表示比较、特殊意义的：
comparative(ly), relative(ly), particular(ly), special(ly)
(2)表示绝对意义的：
absolute(ly), unexpected(ly), entire(ly), excellent(ly), perfect(ly), total(ly), thorough(ly), whole(wholly), complete(ly)
(3)表示大小、极限、主观、上下等意义的：
extreme(ly), main(ly), major, minor, chief(ly), senior, junior
(4)表示性质的：
economic, social, scientific, wooden, earthen, golden, woolen
(5)表示独一无二的、形状的、强调的：
only, matchless, single, round, square, level, very(正是的)，own, favorite, simply, hardly, scarcely形容词和副词的用法要点一、 多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序
如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。如：a small wonderful gift.
限定词 (these, those, the, a(n))+ 数量形容词three+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、 高低等形体形容词(large, long, high)+新旧(new/old)+颜色(red)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(wood)+用途(writing)+被修饰词。 最近的这些日子
all these last few days
一些美丽的小红花
some beautiful little red flowers
一堵高高的红砖墙
a high red brick wall
一辆漂亮的白色的中国军用吉普车
a beautiful white Chinese military jeep( these , days , last , few , all ) ( beautiful, red, little, flowers, some )( high, a, wall, brick, red )(white, a, beautiful, Chinese, jeep, military)二、形容词作定语后置的几种情况1. 当形容词修饰不定代词one, no, any, some和every构成的复合词，如: something, anything, nothing时。如：
--Is there anything new in today’s newspaper? --No, nothing new.
I have something important to tell you.
2. 当“形容词+介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时。如：
The man carried a bag full of rice on his back.
The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer. 三、表语形容词有些形容词只作表语，而通常不作前置定语。常见的表语形容词有：afraid, awake, asleep, alive, alike, ashamed, afloat, well(healthy), sorry, unable, sure等。
如: The boy was still asleep. The old man was alone in the house.
注: ①上述形容词可以作补语。如：
We found the snake still alive.
②但afraid, alive, alone, awake等可以用作后置定语.
如：He is the greatest poet alive.
He came out like a man afraid.
Tom was the only boy awake at that time.
The people, the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history.**以字母a开头的形容词不可直接用very来修饰。如：非常孤单的
very much alone
熟睡的
fast asleep
十分清醒的
wide awake
很害怕的
very much afraid
非常害羞的
greatly ashamed 但当以字母a开头的形容词本身带有副词来修饰时，可以用作前置定语。如：the fast asleep boy
a somewhat afraid soldier
the wide awake soldiers四、下列形容词作表语时，主语通常是“事”而不是“人”：(im)possible, (un)necessary, (im)probable, (in)convenient等。如：
It is probable that it will rain today.
It is probable to rain today.
It is likely to rain today.
It is convenient to work at the weekend. 但可以说：He is impossible to teach.
= It is impossible to teach him.
√╳√√五、两种形式的副词close接近(指距离) — closely 仔细地、密切地
free免费 — freely 自由地、自如地
deep 深 — deeply 深刻地、深入地
hard 努力地 — hardly 几乎不
wide 宽阔 — widely 广泛地
high 高 — highly 高度地
late 晚、迟 — lately 近来
near 邻近 — nearly 几乎
most 最 — mostly 主要地、绝大多数地
easy 从容地 — easily 容易地 说明：有些副词与形容词的词形完全相同。换言之，有些词同时兼有形容词和副词两种词性。
如：early, straight, slow, enough, fast, hard, long, firm, deep, wide, high, late等。
六、有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，
作评述性状语。如：
Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the man.
Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her.
Luckily, he was not hurt in the accident. Thank you!
语法 ( 4 )二、形容词的构成1.由后缀构成的形容词四、副词的分类形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1. 表示倍数的三个句型
1. …times as + adj.(原级) + as
This table is three times as big as that one.
2. … times the + 性质名词 + of …
This table is three times the size of that one.
3. … times + adj.(比较级) + than …
This table is three times bigger than that one.
*** 注意：
The output of cars in 2003 is six times that of 2000.
The output of cars in 2003 is six times what it was in 2000. 2 同程度级的比较，用as…as, the same as, such…as引导： Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is).
= Henry is such a good worker as Peter (is).
Henry does not have so / as many books as I have.
His name is the same as his father’s (name).
3. 表示比例的句型：
The +比较级…, the +比较级…
The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.
The longer you stay, the better (it will be). 4.比较级+比较级，表示“越来越…”He ran faster and faster.
The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.
5. 用介词 by 表示相差的程度：
She is taller than I by three inches.
I missed the last train by one minute.
6. 一个人的两种性质的比较，用more … than结构：
— Ann acts quite unfriendly.
— I think she’s more shy than unfriendly.
与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。
He is more like a beast than like a human being.7. 否定+比较级=最高级为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。
There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.
他过了最担心的一天。
He has never spent a more worrying day.
8. 比较的对象不能相互包容，注意: “比较级 + than +”The Mississippi River is longer than any other river
in the United States.China is larger than any other country in Asia /
any country in Africa. +the other + 复数名词
+ any other + 单数名词
+ any of the other +复数名词
+anything/ anyone else｛9. 修饰比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather, much, still, even, far, any (用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit, three times等，例如：
The students study even harder than before.
A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.
修饰最高级的有序数词; by far,
Eg: The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.
I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.
我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。
10. 比较的对象应该相同。The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.
The radios made in our factory are better than those (made) in your factory.
The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world. (人口与人口相比，出现代词 that )
China has a larger population than any other country in the world. (国家与国家相比较)11. 比较状语从句中代动词的使用。Bob looks younger than I _____. A. am B. do C. look D. did
Bob looks younger than he _____. A. does B. looks C. is D. was
Bob looked younger than I _____. A. do B. am C. looked D. did
I know you better than he _____. A. do B. is C. does D. was
I know you better than _____. A. he B. his C. him D. she B. doC. isD. didC. doesC. him12. 注意 no + 比较 级 + than 的特殊含义A is no more careful than B.
-----A和B两人都不仔细。
A is no less careful than B.
-----A和B两人都很仔细。
A is not more careful than B.
-----A不如B仔细。
A is not less careful than B.
-----A的仔细程度并不弱于B。
13. 注意比较结构中的省略现象：— What do you think of the film?
— I have never seen a better one. (后边省略了than this film)
Tom’s composition, if not better (后边省略了than Jack’s), is at least as good as Jack’s.
The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper, but not as good. (后边省略了as the ones in this shop)这种省略现象给正确判断造成一定的障碍，在高考题中出现率高，应引起足够的重视。14. 无比较级、最高级的形容词和副词常见的有：(1)表示比较、特殊意义的：
comparative(ly), relative(ly), particular(ly), special(ly)
(2)表示绝对意义的：
absolute(ly), unexpected(ly), entire(ly), excellent(ly), perfect(ly), total(ly), thorough(ly), whole(wholly), complete(ly)
(3)表示大小、极限、主观、上下等意义的：
extreme(ly), main(ly), major, minor, chief(ly), senior, junior
(4)表示性质的：
economic, social, scientific, wooden, earthen, golden, woolen
(5)表示独一无二的、形状的、强调的：
only, matchless, single, round, square, level, very(正是的)，own, favorite, simply, hardly, scarcely形容词和副词的用法要点一、 多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序
如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。如：a small wonderful gift.
限定词 (these, those, the, a(n))+ 数量形容词three+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、 高低等形体形容词(large, long, high)+新旧(new/old)+颜色(red)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(wood)+用途(writing)+被修饰词。 最近的这些日子
all these last few days
一些美丽的小红花
some beautiful little red flowers
一堵高高的红砖墙
a high red brick wall
一辆漂亮的白色的中国军用吉普车
a beautiful white Chinese military jeep( these , days , last , few , all ) ( beautiful, red, little, flowers, some )( high, a, wall, brick, red )(white, a, beautiful, Chinese, jeep, military)二、形容词作定语后置的几种情况1. 当形容词修饰不定代词one, no, any, some和every构成的复合词，如: something, anything, nothing时。如：
--Is there anything new in today’s newspaper? --No, nothing new.
I have something important to tell you.
2. 当“形容词+介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时。如：
The man carried a bag full of rice on his back.
The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer. 三、表语形容词有些形容词只作表语，而通常不作前置定语。常见的表语形容词有：afraid, awake, asleep, alive, alike, ashamed, afloat, well(healthy), sorry, unable, sure等。
如: The boy was still asleep. The old man was alone in the house.
注: ①上述形容词可以作补语。如：
We found the snake still alive.
②但afraid, alive, alone, awake等可以用作后置定语.
如：He is the greatest poet alive.
He came out like a man afraid.
Tom was the only boy awake at that time.
The people, the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history.**以字母a开头的形容词不可直接用very来修饰。如：非常孤单的
very much alone
熟睡的
fast asleep
十分清醒的
wide awake
很害怕的
very much afraid
非常害羞的
greatly ashamed 但当以字母a开头的形容词本身带有副词来修饰时，可以用作前置定语。如：the fast asleep boy
a somewhat afraid soldier
the wide awake soldiers四、下列形容词作表语时，主语通常是“事”而不是“人”：(im)possible, (un)necessary, (im)probable, (in)convenient等。如：
It is probable that it will rain today.
It is probable to rain today.
It is likely to rain today.
It is convenient to work at the weekend. 但可以说：He is impossible to teach.
= It is impossible to teach him.
√╳√√五、两种形式的副词close接近(指距离) — closely 仔细地、密切地
free免费 — freely 自由地、自如地
deep 深 — deeply 深刻地、深入地
hard 努力地 — hardly 几乎不
wide 宽阔 — widely 广泛地
high 高 — highly 高度地
late 晚、迟 — lately 近来
near 邻近 — nearly 几乎
most 最 — mostly 主要地、绝大多数地
easy 从容地 — easily 容易地 说明：有些副词与形容词的词形完全相同。换言之，有些词同时兼有形容词和副词两种词性。
如：early, straight, slow, enough, fast, hard, long, firm, deep, wide, high, late等。
六、有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，
作评述性状语。如：
Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the man.
Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her.
Luckily, he was not hurt in the accident. Thank you!