课件11张PPT。连词1.并列连词与并列结构?
并列连词引导两个并列的句子.1)and 与or 判断改错： (错) They sat down and talk about something. (错) They started to dance and sang. (错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there. (对) They sat down and talked about something.
(对) They started to dance and sing.
(对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
注意：and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（or也有此用法） Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance. = If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance. One more effort, and you'll succeed.
= If you make one more effort, you'll succeed. 2) both …and 两者都 She plays (both) the piano and the guitar. 3) not only…but (also), as well as不但…而且） She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar. 注意： not only… but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. 4) neither…nor 意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。 Neither you nor he is to blame. 比较and和or ? 1) 并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。 2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点： There is no air or water in the moon. There is no air and no water on the moon. 在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。 典型例题 ---I don't like chicken ___ fish. ---I don't like chicken, ___ I like fish very much. A. and； and B. and； but C. or； but D. or；and 答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表转折。 判断改错： (错) We will die without air and water. (错) We can't live without air or water. (对) We will die without air or water. (对) We can't live without air and water. 表示选择的并列结构 ? 1) or 意思为“否则”。 I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam. 2) either…or 意思为"或者……或者……"。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。 Either you or I am right. 表示转折或对比? 1) but表示转折，while表示对比。 Some people love cats, while others hate them. 典型例题 --- Would you like to come to dinner tonight? --- I'd like to, ___ I'm too busy. A. and B. so C. as D. but 答案D。but与前面形成转折，符合语意。而表并列的and， 结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。 2) not…but… 意思为"不是……而是……" not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。 They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being. 表原因关系? 1) for 判断改错： (错) For he is ill, he is absent today. (对) He is absent today, for he is ill. for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。 2) so, therefore He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game. 注意： a. 两个并列连词不能连用，但therefore, then, yet.可以和并列连词连用。 You can watch TV, and or you can go to bed. He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldn't play in the game. b. although… yet…，但although不与 but连用。 (错)Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work.. (对)Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work. 比较so和 such? 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副 词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much， little连用，形成固定搭配。 so + adj. such + a(n) + n. so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.) so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.) so + adj. + n. [不可数] such +n. [不可数] so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many/ few flowers such nice flowers so much/little money. such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。 so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。 课件11张PPT。连 词 conjunction
连词是一种虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成分。用来连接词，短语，从句与句子。 连词主要可分为两类：
并列连词
从属连词并列连词表示词，短语， 从句或句子之间具有并列关系。
可以表示平行关系，转折关系，选择关系 和因果关系。and (和) both … and（和,两者都）
neither… nor（既不…也不…）
not only… but also(不但… 而且…)
as well as (和, 也, 除…外, 而且)
1.表示平行关系的连词：as well (也,而且,) 用于句末.他是一个科学家, 而且也是一个诗人.He is a scientist, but he is a poet as well.He is a scientist as well as a poet.他们也会来吗?Are they coming as well?2.表示转折关系的连词:but while (而, 虽然) yet (可是) however (而) whereas (而) nevertheless(然而, 不过)3.表示选择关系的连词or(或则,否则) or else(否则) otherwise(要不然)
either…or…(或者… 或者)rather than (而不是) 4.表示因果关系的连词 so for thus(因此) hence （因此）
therefore （因此）consequently（因而，所以）
二.从属连词是用来引导连接主句和从句的连词。
分为引导名词性从句的连词和引导状语
从句的连词。1. 引导名词性的从句(1). that,whether,if 不充当成分.(2). 连接代词 who, whom, which, what
充当主, 宾, 定, 表语等.(3). 连接副词 when, where, how, why 状语.2. 引导状语从句的连词(1). 时间: when, while, as 当…时
when+瞬间,延续性动词
while+延续性动词
as+瞬间,延续性动词 “一边…一边”
till/until, once, as soon as(一…就),
the moment/instant(一…就),
no sooner … than hardly… when
the moment
(2). 原因: as because for since For语气最弱, 引导的分句放在句末.
Because 语气最强, 句首,句末均可.
As(因为) 置于句首.
Since(既然) 通常置于句首.(3). 地点: where, wherever(4). 条件: if, unless= if… not, so/as long as
suppose(that)假使 on condition that如果
provided/ providing (that) 倘使, 如果now that(既然) considering that(5). 让步: though/ although不与but连用.
as(尽管), even if/ though (即使)
however(无论怎样), whatever
no matter how/ who/ which Although/though 和as(尽管) 的区别:
Although/though引导的从句用正常语序.
As 引导的从句用倒装语序, 即把as从句中的表语,状语或动词原形提至主语前.尽管天气冷,可他仍继续工作.Though it was cold, he went on working.= Cold as it is , he went on working.尽管你读得快, 你也不能在三天内读完这本书.Fast as you read, you can’t finish reading the book in three days. Although you read fast, you can’t finish reading the book in three days.
不管他怎样努力, 还是摆脱不了困难.Try as he might, he could n’t get rid of the difficulty. 课件17张PPT。连 词 conjunctions连词是一种虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：
并列连词(coordinating conjunctions)
从属连词(subordinating conjunctions)并列连词列表
转折性连词列表
从属连词列表连 词并列连词列表
and but? nor?
so? yet? however?
hence? then? for?
or? nevertheless?nevertheless
as?well?as not?only...but?also
both...and neither...nor…
either...or… consequently
表示转折意思---
表示因果关系---
表示并列关系—1 并列连词与并列结构
判断改错：
They sat down and talk about something. F
They started to dance and sang. F
I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there. F
She plays not only the piano, but the guitar. T
Neither you nor he are to blame. F
Make up your mind, or you'll get the chance. F
There is no air and water in the moon F
Not only he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. F
We will die without air and water. F
We can't live without air and water. T
Some people love cats, when others hate them. F
They were not the bones of an animal, and (the bones) of a human being. F 转折性连词列表
besides so generally speaking in fact indeed
on the contrary of course in short in this way
that is because moreover on the other hand
but however yet although at the same time instead
even so for example in addition for instance namely
because of as a result for this reason therefore thus
表示重复，强调和结论
比较或对比
提出例证
因果关系从属连词列表
ExercisesI.Multiple choice.
1. Do you think this is something ___ can be learned?
a. who b. that c. X (the conjunction can be omitted)
2. Don't go out ___ you've finished your work. a. as b. while c. until
3. Make sure you close all the windows ___ it starts to rain. a. after b. before c. for
bcb4. I think I know ___ he left the job. a. why b. until c. Where
5. She's ___ a snobbish person ___ nobody likes to be with her. a. such...that b. such...as c. so...that
6. ___ a university professor returns from a sabbatical leave(公休假), he should be better qualified. a. Until b. When c. Even though
aab7.___ I had known how much I would disappoint him, I wouldn't have done it. a. Whether b. When c. If
8.___ you see me, get in the car. a. As soon as b. While c. Whether
9. My friend John, ___ lives in California, has a car with a New York license. a. whose b. who c. that
cabSentence-combining:He arrived home. I had already cleaned the house. (by the time)
They got married. They had to learn to manage their own home. (after)
He went crazy. His wife burnt his breakfast. (when)
You can hear what I'm saying. You keep quiet. (if)
I won't invite my classmates to a party. I know them well. (until)
She's snobbish. People like her. (yet)
We're broke. We can't buy anything. (since)
He failed. He won't give up his ideals. (even though)
He fell asleep. He was watching the film. (while)
The first quiz was easy. This one is extremely difficult. (whereas)
Sentence-matching 1. The rain started 2. Bob's car is old 3. He was a famous hockey player 4. I wrote many books 5. They had to cancel the meeting 6. No one knows for sure 7. You won't succeed 8. Although it was raining
a. if you don't try hard.
b. when he was young. c. because the director did not show up. d. he went out without an umbrella. e. while I was driving home. f. who won last year's race. g. before I was awarded the literature prize. h. but he can't afford buying a new one. 1—e 2---h 3---b 4---g 5---c 6---f 7---a 8---d最新高考焦点： 1．We agreed to accept they thought was the best professor in the college .
A．whatever B．whomever C．whichever D．whoever
2．Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field , he succeeded _____
other more well-informed experimenters failed.
A．as B．unless C．what D．where
3． he thought he was helping us with the work ,he was actually in the way.
A．Because B．If C．When D．Although
4．Whenever I speak to him, was fairly often ,he would talk on and on without giving me
a chance to speak.
A．what B．when C．that D．whichDDDD5. For some people, traveling abroad is the thing they enjoy most in life; for others, , cultural differences make them feel uncomfortable.
A．fortunately B．even worse
C．what’s more D．though
6. The things people like about Benetton Stores are
the quality is always high and the prices are generally low.
A．whether B．what C．that D．if
7. It might be all right to tell a friend you loved the shirt you got as a gift you know you’ll never wear it.
A．even though B．unless C．in case D．or else
8.Our educational system must prepare our citizens to be persons who have great respect for nature for mankind and persons who want to enrich the world.
A．as well as B．such as C．the same as D．as toDCAA9. CCTV is exactly like a window on the world_________ you sit by it and fix your attention on what it shows.
A．if B．as if C．even if D．if any
10．____ human beings live in large numbers, the waters are very likely to be polluted.
A．That B．Where C．Once D．As
11. Some children are mad over video games. They just can't tear themselves away from them _______ they start.
A．since B．once C．even if D．as
12. These countries will join one another against terrorism, ______ was agreed to at the international conference.
A. as B. who C. that D. whatABBA13. He slipped and had his leg broken. ________, he will have to be away from school for two or three months. A. In any case B. After all
C. As a result D. In this way
14. The car is in _____ bad condition ______ you can’t drive it.
A．so; that B．such; that C．such a; that D．too; that
15. I told them the date __________ I joined the Party, ________ I would never forget.
A. when; when B. on which; that
C. that; that D. when; which
16. The fellow in rags, ___ nobody seemed to say anything, tried to explain that he was not a beggar.
?A. about whom???? B. to whom??????C. who???? D. whichCCDB17. She disappeared __ I could have a word with her. Anyway, she wouldn’t listen to me.
A. as??? B. since????C. before?????? D. until
18. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert _____ it means standing in queue all night.
A. because B. however C. as though D. even though
19. The argument remains extremely heated _______there are necessary conditions of existence such as water on the Mars.
A. that B. whether C. if D. about which
20. Madame Curie, _______ life was hard at college, was a woman of strong characters and that’s why she made her mark in history.
A. on whom B. in which C. for whose D. for whomCDBD21. Although Anne is happy with her success, she wonders ______ will happen to her private life. A. that B. what C. it D. this
22. We agreed to accept _____ they thought was the best tourist guide. A. whatever B. whomever
C. whichever D. whoever
23. In some countries, ______ is called “equality” does not really means equal rights for all people. A. which B. what C. that D. oneBDB课件17张PPT。连 词 conjunctions连词是一种虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：
并列连词(coordinating conjunctions)
从属连词(subordinating conjunctions)并列连词列表
转折性连词列表
从属连词列表连 词并列连词列表
and but? nor?
so? yet? however?
hence? then? for?
or? nevertheless?nevertheless
as?well?as not?only...but?also
both...and neither...nor…
either...or… consequently
表示转折意思---
表示因果关系---
表示并列关系—1 并列连词与并列结构
判断改错：
They sat down and talk about something. F
They started to dance and sang. F
I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there. F
She plays not only the piano, but the guitar. T
Neither you nor he are to blame. F
Make up your mind, or you'll get the chance. F
There is no air and water in the moon F
Not only he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. F
We will die without air and water. F
We can't live without air and water. T
Some people love cats, when others hate them. F
They were not the bones of an animal, and (the bones) of a human being. F 转折性连词列表
besides so generally speaking in fact indeed
on the contrary of course in short in this way
that is because moreover on the other hand
but however yet although at the same time instead
even so for example in addition for instance namely
because of as a result for this reason therefore thus
表示重复，强调和结论
比较或对比
提出例证
因果关系从属连词列表
ExercisesI.Multiple choice.
1. Do you think this is something ___ can be learned?
a. who b. that c. X (the conjunction can be omitted)
2. Don't go out ___ you've finished your work. a. as b. while c. until
3. Make sure you close all the windows ___ it starts to rain. a. after b. before c. for
bcb4. I think I know ___ he left the job. a. why b. until c. Where
5. She's ___ a snobbish person ___ nobody likes to be with her. a. such...that b. such...as c. so...that
6. ___ a university professor returns from a sabbatical leave(公休假), he should be better qualified. a. Until b. When c. Even though
aab7.___ I had known how much I would disappoint him, I wouldn't have done it. a. Whether b. When c. If
8.___ you see me, get in the car. a. As soon as b. While c. Whether
9. My friend John, ___ lives in California, has a car with a New York license. a. whose b. who c. that
cabSentence-combining:He arrived home. I had already cleaned the house. (by the time)
They got married. They had to learn to manage their own home. (after)
He went crazy. His wife burnt his breakfast. (when)
You can hear what I'm saying. You keep quiet. (if)
I won't invite my classmates to a party. I know them well. (until)
She's snobbish. People like her. (yet)
We're broke. We can't buy anything. (since)
He failed. He won't give up his ideals. (even though)
He fell asleep. He was watching the film. (while)
The first quiz was easy. This one is extremely difficult. (whereas)
Sentence-matching 1. The rain started 2. Bob's car is old 3. He was a famous hockey player 4. I wrote many books 5. They had to cancel the meeting 6. No one knows for sure 7. You won't succeed 8. Although it was raining
a. if you don't try hard.
b. when he was young. c. because the director did not show up. d. he went out without an umbrella. e. while I was driving home. f. who won last year's race. g. before I was awarded the literature prize. h. but he can't afford buying a new one. 1—e 2---h 3---b 4---g 5---c 6---f 7---a 8---d最新高考焦点： 1．We agreed to accept they thought was the best professor in the college .
A．whatever B．whomever C．whichever D．whoever
2．Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field , he succeeded _____
other more well-informed experimenters failed.
A．as B．unless C．what D．where
3． he thought he was helping us with the work ,he was actually in the way.
A．Because B．If C．When D．Although
4．Whenever I speak to him, was fairly often ,he would talk on and on without giving me
a chance to speak.
A．what B．when C．that D．whichDDDD5. For some people, traveling abroad is the thing they enjoy most in life; for others, , cultural differences make them feel uncomfortable.
A．fortunately B．even worse
C．what’s more D．though
6. The things people like about Benetton Stores are
the quality is always high and the prices are generally low.
A．whether B．what C．that D．if
7. It might be all right to tell a friend you loved the shirt you got as a gift you know you’ll never wear it.
A．even though B．unless C．in case D．or else
8.Our educational system must prepare our citizens to be persons who have great respect for nature for mankind and persons who want to enrich the world.
A．as well as B．such as C．the same as D．as toDCAA9. CCTV is exactly like a window on the world_________ you sit by it and fix your attention on what it shows.
A．if B．as if C．even if D．if any
10．____ human beings live in large numbers, the waters are very likely to be polluted.
A．That B．Where C．Once D．As
11. Some children are mad over video games. They just can't tear themselves away from them _______ they start.
A．since B．once C．even if D．as
12. These countries will join one another against terrorism, ______ was agreed to at the international conference.
A. as B. who C. that D. whatABBA13. He slipped and had his leg broken. ________, he will have to be away from school for two or three months. A. In any case B. After all
C. As a result D. In this way
14. The car is in _____ bad condition ______ you can’t drive it.
A．so; that B．such; that C．such a; that D．too; that
15. I told them the date __________ I joined the Party, ________ I would never forget.
A. when; when B. on which; that
C. that; that D. when; which
16. The fellow in rags, ___ nobody seemed to say anything, tried to explain that he was not a beggar.
?A. about whom???? B. to whom??????C. who???? D. whichCCDB17. She disappeared __ I could have a word with her. Anyway, she wouldn’t listen to me.
A. as??? B. since????C. before?????? D. until
18. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert _____ it means standing in queue all night.
A. because B. however C. as though D. even though
19. The argument remains extremely heated _______there are necessary conditions of existence such as water on the Mars.
A. that B. whether C. if D. about which
20. Madame Curie, _______ life was hard at college, was a woman of strong characters and that’s why she made her mark in history.
A. on whom B. in which C. for whose D. for whomCDBD21. Although Anne is happy with her success, she wonders ______ will happen to her private life. A. that B. what C. it D. this
22. We agreed to accept _____ they thought was the best tourist guide. A. whatever B. whomever
C. whichever D. whoever
23. In some countries, ______ is called “equality” does not really means equal rights for all people. A. which B. what C. that D. oneBDB
