副词语法[下学期]
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课件41张PPT。副词于淑娟 制作
副 词
一、副词的定义、特征和种类
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词及全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
1.He strongly advised me not to do so.
2.He is strong enough to carry as much as 200 jin.
3.Surprisingly, he was the only survivor of the plane crash.副词具有多样性
在词义，有些副词本身含有实义，而有些则只是为了强调，如：
1.The fire suddenly broke out on the 11th floor.
2.Escape from the fire above the 11th floor was rather difficult.
在功用上，有些副词可以修饰单词、短语、从句以及全句。
1.I’m sorry I don’t quite follow you.
2.Political leaders were not well thought of.
3.Sometimes after a few hours of study you will know enough to save other people’s lives. 3)许多副词带有后缀 ly 有些则与形容词等其它词类相似。
Cheaply / differently / firmly/ fortunately gradually /hardly/ possibly
Separately/ probably
Meanwhile / now/ seldom/ forward nowhere / thus
He seldom goes to school late.
2.副词的种类：
方式副词，如：anxiously/ angrily
badly /bravely/ calmly/ carefully /politely /suddenly /quickly/ willingly
He walked quickly.
地点副词：here/ there/ upstairs anywhere/ everywhere/ inside/ outside left /right /away/ above/ up/ down/ east
Outside the school, there is a pond.
时间副词：yesterday / today /tomorrow recently /nowadays/ still /already immediately/ now/ then/ first
before /next /later/ always/ often
usually /seldom /never/ sometimes
He is still a student .
程度副词：有时又叫强调副词，如：a bit/ very/ quite /rather /much /too/ so
Almost/ entirely /nearly /never /exactly
especially /even/ just/ only/ simply
He is too young to go to school.
注意：这类词一般位于它所修饰的词前面，如：
If you don’t try ,you will never succeed.
It looks a bit ugly as it is.
副词按形式分为：
简单副词：very, near ，enough
We searched far and near for the missing boy. far and near=everywhere 复合副词：everywhere ,therefore ,somewhere;
派生副词：obvious-obviously skilled-
skilledly
副词按功用又可分为：句子副词，连接副词，关系副词，疑问副词，感叹副词。
Worse still, the lion could even carry off the baby.
He came here on time, otherwise, he will be punished
I will always remember the day when I jioned the army.
--When do you take next exam？
when疑问副词
--How well he looks!
how 感叹副词
二、副词在句中的作用。
副词在句中主要作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词和全句。
1）修饰动词，如：
She usually wears her red coat when she goes out.
I haven’t read that book carefully.
2)修饰形容词。
Training by yourself in a gym can be highly dangerous.
His voice sounds slightly strange.
3)修饰副词，如：
Her uncle seemed to be acting rather strangely.4)修饰全句。
You are obviously a person of great courage.
Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.
5）副词的其它用法：
修饰名词：Even his way of walking could be recognized as his own.
副词作表语，The fire has been out
副词作宾补，I went to see him only to find him out
副词作介宾，Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today.
副词作定语，I hope you’ll enjoy your stay here.三、副词的比较级和最高级。
变化规则同形容词。要记住以下不规则变化。
badly –worse-worst
well-better-best
far-farther/further-farthest/ furthest
little-less-least
much-more-most
1.副词的比较级和最高级的基本用法。
1）原级常用于as…as,
not (so) as…as
eg.I hate him as much as you do.
You didn’t know so (as) much about that as I do.
2) 比较级常用于“比较级+than”结构，有时than 引导的比较状语从句可以省略，比较级前可用:
many, much ,far, a bit, a little, a great(deal), a lot, completely, even
still, yet等表示程度的状语。
例如：
Could you come much earlier?
We are working still hard now.
She speaks English more fluently than I.
3)用最高级时，有时有一个短语说明范围，有时则没有，最高级前面的the 常常不用.Mary runs fastest among the girls.
He sings best in the class.
2、副词的比较级和最高级的其它用法。
表示“越来越……”，用“比较级+and+比较级”结构或“more and more+原级”。
He runs faster and faster when he is near the finishing line.
Our school is being built more and more beautifully.
2)表示“越……,越…” 用“the+副词比较级，the+副词比较级”结构。
The sooner you go, the sooner you will be back.
The sooner ,the better.
四、副词的位置与排列顺序
副词在句中的位置比较灵活。
1.Sometimes many people talked together.
2.We have never had women working in our company before.
3.The little words often have their own meanings.
4.He is always busy with his farm work.
5.I always meet him in the street.
6.Perhaps we are going to have a storm.
7.This box isn’t too heavy.
注意: enough 作（副词时）要放在它所修饰的形容词或副词之后。
He didn’t run quickly enough.
The house isn’t big enough for us.
副词的排列顺序
英语中几个副词用在一起时，一般的词序是：程度—状态—地点—时间，如：
They played fairly well there yesterday.
介绍几个特殊副词的用法：
１ 有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly结尾，但其含义是不同的．1) close 接近地
closely 仔细地
2) free 免费地
freely 自由地，无拘无束地
3) hard 努力地
hardly 几乎不
4) late 晚／迟
lately 近来5) most 极／非常
mostly 主要地／几乎全部／大概
The liquid is mostly sugar and water.
6) wide 广阔地／充分地
widely 广泛地
7) high 高
highly 高度地／非常地
8) loud 大声地
loudly 大声地（有喧闹的含义）2. already / yet / still
1) already 表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句．
He’s already finished his work.
He has not finished his work yet.
It is still raining.2) already 和yet可用于疑问句，但含义不同．
Have you met Mr. Wang yet (up to this moment)?
Have you already (sooner than expected) met Mr. Wang? 表示出乎意料
3.very /much
1) very 修饰形容词或副词的原级，much修饰形容词或副词的比较级，修饰动词要用 much或 very much ．
very good /very well / much better
I like this film very much.
I don’t like it much.2) very 修饰用做形容词的现在分词．
very interesting / very exciting /very satisfying
3) very 修饰某些做形容词用的过去分词．
a very pleased look
a very delighted boy
He Is very tired.
My English is very limited.very修饰起形容词作用的过去分词， 类似这样的词有：frightened / disappointed / troubled /satisfied /excited / interested /pleased / surprised /upset / worried 等．但用在by句中，用much来修饰．
He was much frightened by the noise.
4) much可以修饰动词 very则不可以．但可用very much来修饰动词．
I enjoyed the film (very )much.4 .almost /nearly：几乎，差不多
1)两者均可修饰all /every / always 等词．都可以用于否定句中．
2) 在very /pretty/not 后用nearly ，不用almost
I am not nearly ready.（远非）
3) 在any/no/none/never 前用almost，不用nearly．例如：
I almost never see her.5 no longer /no more
no more 虽有不再的意思，但more一般为形容词，侧重数量关系；而no longer 侧重时间关系，只做副词用．
We saw him no more.
He found Tom was no longer working there.6.very /quite/rather /fairly
这四个词都有很非常的意思，但用法不同：
very可以修饰形容词和副词； quite可以修饰形容词．副词．动词．介词短语等，与表示程度的词连用时，具有和 fairly 及rather 同样的含义．其强调程度要大于fairly而小于rather和very,跟没有程度差别的词连用时则永远做completely讲．
fairlyThe train moved quite /very fast.
I can quite understand what you say.
He is quite wrong. (completely)
It is rather difficult to answer this question.
You can work fairly well.
当very /quite /rather/fairly 与不定冠词连用时，very/fairly常放在不定冠词的后面，而quite /rather 常放在不定冠词的前面．Quite 修饰的名词其前面有形容词时：
quite a clever boy =a quite clever boy
Ann is a very bright girl.
My brother earned quite a lot of money last year.
We will go to a fairly good place.
It is rather a hard problem for him.7. cannot …too的特殊含义：
You cannot be too careful in doing this exercise.
做这个题你越仔细越好．或 做这个题你怎么仔细也不过份．类似结构有：
can never …too
can not …over
can not …enough
副 词
一、副词的定义、特征和种类
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词及全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
1.He strongly advised me not to do so.
2.He is strong enough to carry as much as 200 jin.
3.Surprisingly, he was the only survivor of the plane crash.副词具有多样性
在词义，有些副词本身含有实义，而有些则只是为了强调，如：
1.The fire suddenly broke out on the 11th floor.
2.Escape from the fire above the 11th floor was rather difficult.
在功用上，有些副词可以修饰单词、短语、从句以及全句。
1.I’m sorry I don’t quite follow you.
2.Political leaders were not well thought of.
3.Sometimes after a few hours of study you will know enough to save other people’s lives. 3)许多副词带有后缀 ly 有些则与形容词等其它词类相似。
Cheaply / differently / firmly/ fortunately gradually /hardly/ possibly
Separately/ probably
Meanwhile / now/ seldom/ forward nowhere / thus
He seldom goes to school late.
2.副词的种类：
方式副词，如：anxiously/ angrily
badly /bravely/ calmly/ carefully /politely /suddenly /quickly/ willingly
He walked quickly.
地点副词：here/ there/ upstairs anywhere/ everywhere/ inside/ outside left /right /away/ above/ up/ down/ east
Outside the school, there is a pond.
时间副词：yesterday / today /tomorrow recently /nowadays/ still /already immediately/ now/ then/ first
before /next /later/ always/ often
usually /seldom /never/ sometimes
He is still a student .
程度副词：有时又叫强调副词，如：a bit/ very/ quite /rather /much /too/ so
Almost/ entirely /nearly /never /exactly
especially /even/ just/ only/ simply
He is too young to go to school.
注意：这类词一般位于它所修饰的词前面，如：
If you don’t try ,you will never succeed.
It looks a bit ugly as it is.
副词按形式分为：
简单副词：very, near ，enough
We searched far and near for the missing boy. far and near=everywhere 复合副词：everywhere ,therefore ,somewhere;
派生副词：obvious-obviously skilled-
skilledly
副词按功用又可分为：句子副词，连接副词，关系副词，疑问副词，感叹副词。
Worse still, the lion could even carry off the baby.
He came here on time, otherwise, he will be punished
I will always remember the day when I jioned the army.
--When do you take next exam？
when疑问副词
--How well he looks!
how 感叹副词
二、副词在句中的作用。
副词在句中主要作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词和全句。
1）修饰动词，如：
She usually wears her red coat when she goes out.
I haven’t read that book carefully.
2)修饰形容词。
Training by yourself in a gym can be highly dangerous.
His voice sounds slightly strange.
3)修饰副词，如：
Her uncle seemed to be acting rather strangely.4)修饰全句。
You are obviously a person of great courage.
Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.
5）副词的其它用法：
修饰名词：Even his way of walking could be recognized as his own.
副词作表语，The fire has been out
副词作宾补，I went to see him only to find him out
副词作介宾，Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today.
副词作定语，I hope you’ll enjoy your stay here.三、副词的比较级和最高级。
变化规则同形容词。要记住以下不规则变化。
badly –worse-worst
well-better-best
far-farther/further-farthest/ furthest
little-less-least
much-more-most
1.副词的比较级和最高级的基本用法。
1）原级常用于as…as,
not (so) as…as
eg.I hate him as much as you do.
You didn’t know so (as) much about that as I do.
2) 比较级常用于“比较级+than”结构，有时than 引导的比较状语从句可以省略，比较级前可用:
many, much ,far, a bit, a little, a great(deal), a lot, completely, even
still, yet等表示程度的状语。
例如：
Could you come much earlier?
We are working still hard now.
She speaks English more fluently than I.
3)用最高级时，有时有一个短语说明范围，有时则没有，最高级前面的the 常常不用.Mary runs fastest among the girls.
He sings best in the class.
2、副词的比较级和最高级的其它用法。
表示“越来越……”，用“比较级+and+比较级”结构或“more and more+原级”。
He runs faster and faster when he is near the finishing line.
Our school is being built more and more beautifully.
2)表示“越……,越…” 用“the+副词比较级，the+副词比较级”结构。
The sooner you go, the sooner you will be back.
The sooner ,the better.
四、副词的位置与排列顺序
副词在句中的位置比较灵活。
1.Sometimes many people talked together.
2.We have never had women working in our company before.
3.The little words often have their own meanings.
4.He is always busy with his farm work.
5.I always meet him in the street.
6.Perhaps we are going to have a storm.
7.This box isn’t too heavy.
注意: enough 作（副词时）要放在它所修饰的形容词或副词之后。
He didn’t run quickly enough.
The house isn’t big enough for us.
副词的排列顺序
英语中几个副词用在一起时，一般的词序是：程度—状态—地点—时间，如：
They played fairly well there yesterday.
介绍几个特殊副词的用法：
１ 有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly结尾，但其含义是不同的．1) close 接近地
closely 仔细地
2) free 免费地
freely 自由地，无拘无束地
3) hard 努力地
hardly 几乎不
4) late 晚／迟
lately 近来5) most 极／非常
mostly 主要地／几乎全部／大概
The liquid is mostly sugar and water.
6) wide 广阔地／充分地
widely 广泛地
7) high 高
highly 高度地／非常地
8) loud 大声地
loudly 大声地（有喧闹的含义）2. already / yet / still
1) already 表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句．
He’s already finished his work.
He has not finished his work yet.
It is still raining.2) already 和yet可用于疑问句，但含义不同．
Have you met Mr. Wang yet (up to this moment)?
Have you already (sooner than expected) met Mr. Wang? 表示出乎意料
3.very /much
1) very 修饰形容词或副词的原级，much修饰形容词或副词的比较级，修饰动词要用 much或 very much ．
very good /very well / much better
I like this film very much.
I don’t like it much.2) very 修饰用做形容词的现在分词．
very interesting / very exciting /very satisfying
3) very 修饰某些做形容词用的过去分词．
a very pleased look
a very delighted boy
He Is very tired.
My English is very limited.very修饰起形容词作用的过去分词， 类似这样的词有：frightened / disappointed / troubled /satisfied /excited / interested /pleased / surprised /upset / worried 等．但用在by句中，用much来修饰．
He was much frightened by the noise.
4) much可以修饰动词 very则不可以．但可用very much来修饰动词．
I enjoyed the film (very )much.4 .almost /nearly：几乎，差不多
1)两者均可修饰all /every / always 等词．都可以用于否定句中．
2) 在very /pretty/not 后用nearly ，不用almost
I am not nearly ready.（远非）
3) 在any/no/none/never 前用almost，不用nearly．例如：
I almost never see her.5 no longer /no more
no more 虽有不再的意思，但more一般为形容词，侧重数量关系；而no longer 侧重时间关系，只做副词用．
We saw him no more.
He found Tom was no longer working there.6.very /quite/rather /fairly
这四个词都有很非常的意思，但用法不同：
very可以修饰形容词和副词； quite可以修饰形容词．副词．动词．介词短语等，与表示程度的词连用时，具有和 fairly 及rather 同样的含义．其强调程度要大于fairly而小于rather和very,跟没有程度差别的词连用时则永远做completely讲．
fairly
I can quite understand what you say.
He is quite wrong. (completely)
It is rather difficult to answer this question.
You can work fairly well.
当very /quite /rather/fairly 与不定冠词连用时，very/fairly常放在不定冠词的后面，而quite /rather 常放在不定冠词的前面．Quite 修饰的名词其前面有形容词时：
quite a clever boy =a quite clever boy
Ann is a very bright girl.
My brother earned quite a lot of money last year.
We will go to a fairly good place.
It is rather a hard problem for him.7. cannot …too的特殊含义：
You cannot be too careful in doing this exercise.
做这个题你越仔细越好．或 做这个题你怎么仔细也不过份．类似结构有：
can never …too
can not …over
can not …enough