高三语法复合句[下学期]
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课件55张PPT。 主 从 复 合 句定语从句 （Attributive Clause）名词性从句（Noun Clause）状语从句（Adverbial Clause）主从复合句: 定语从 句用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1 Is this the school_________________ you have visited?
2 Who is the girl _______ is wearing a red coat?
3 The man ________ is standing there is a writer.
4 The man _____ you shook hands with is a writer
with______ you shook hands is a writer.
5 I still remember the day ______ / ____ ______ we first met.
6 I’ll never forget the day __________ we spent together.(whi( which/that)thatwhowho(Who/whom)whomwhenOn whichwhich/that7The house __________ we visited is being repaired now.
8 The house ______ Luxun once lived
is being repaired now.
The reason _____ he didn’t come was
not clear.
10 That is the reason ___________ he explained to us for
his action.
10 I have the same pen ___ Tom has
11 Such a man ____ he is not worth believing.
12 ____ we all know ,smoking does harm to health.
13 Smoking does harm to health,______ we all know.
(which/that)Where/in whichWhy/for whichthat/whichasAs aswhich关系代词：关系副词：that （主、宾、表；可指人或物）
which（主、宾、表、定；只指物）
who （主、宾；只指人）
whom （宾；只指人）
whose（定；可指人或物）
as （主、宾、表） when （时间状语）
where （地点状语）
why （原因状语）定语从句 （Attributive Clause）1.This is all____I know about the matter.
A.that B.what C.who D.whether
2. Is there anything else_____you require?
A.which B.that C.who D.what
4.He talked happily about the men and books_____
interested him greatly in the school.
A.which B.that C.it D.whom
5.This is one of the best books_______.
A.that have ever been written C.that has written
B.that has ever been written D.that have written
6. Is oxygen the only gas_____helps fire burn?
A.that B./ C.which D.it
3.The last place _____we visited was the Great Wall.
A. which B.that C.where D.it
A B BAA B 1 只用that，不用which的情况：
当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；
当先行词前有the only, the very, the last等词修饰时；
当先行词为anything, nothing, something, everything, all, little, much等不定代词修饰时；
当先行词前有all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等词修饰时；
若主句中有疑问代词who, which 为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用who, which.
2. 若先行词前有___________________ 作修饰语, 通常用as 作关系代词。Eg.) Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem ______ none of us worked out.
= Last term our maths teacher set such a difficult examination problem ______ none of us worked out .
Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an exam problem ______ none of us worked it out.
You should give the watch to Lily. This watch is the same _______ she lost yesterday.
I’m going to buy the same watch ____ he bought the other day.
the same, so, suchasthatthatasit( that; as; which; like )as “介词+关系词 ” 引导定语从句:Eg.) The palace _________ I often pay a visit dates from the 17th century.
The students, most _________ are from the north, are not used to the winter in Shanghai. We all stood on the top of the high building, ______ we could see the whole city.
A. to which B. from that C. from which D. which to whichof whom介词的选择: 一看先行词; 二看与从句谓语动词的搭配; 三看整个句子的意思.关系代词作定语： 例: He won’t want to eat it unless he’s really hungry, in _____ case he’ll eat almost anything.
A. what B. that C. whose D. whichEg.) Tom spent four years in college, during _______ time he learned French.
I called him by the wrong name, for ______ mistake I should apologize.A mental patient is one ______ mind is diseased.
The students are working hard at English, ___________ __________ _____________________________________ ___________ is known to all. whichwhichwhosewhose importance importance/ the importance of which / of which the1．—Why does she always ask you for help? （05年北京）
—There is no one else , is there?
A．who to turn to B．she can turn to C．for whom to turn D．for her to turn
2．Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly equipped. （05年安徽）
A．what; when B．that; which
C．what; which D．which; that
3．—Is that the small town you often refer to? （05年福建）
—Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.
A．that B．which C．where D．what4. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ______ people were eaten by the tiger. （2005年广东）
A. in which B. by which C. which D. that
5．Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be. （2005年湖北）
A．who B．that C．what D．which
6．Frank’s dream was to have his own shop to produce the workings of his own hands . （2005年湖南）
A．that B．in which C．by which D．How
7. The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be________the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （2005年江苏）
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which8．The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained. （2005年江西）
A．in that B．for that C．in which D．for which
9．I walked in our garden, _______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. （2005年辽宁）
A．which B．when C．where D．that
10．I have many friends , some are businessmen . （2005年全国卷1）
A．of them B．from which
C．who of D．of whom 11．He was educated at a local grammar school, ____________ he went on to Cambridge. （05年山东）
A. from which B. after that
C. after which D. from this
12. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ________ effects people are still suffering. （2005年天津）
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
13. Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office. （2005年浙江）
A．which B．that C．this D．it 14. _________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. （2005年浙江）
A．When B．After C．As D．Since
15. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, ____ , he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students' Union. （2005年重庆）
A. during which time B. for which time
C. during whose time D. by that time
16. If a shop has chairs________ women can park their men , women will spend more time in the shop.
（05年上海）
A. that B. which C. when D. where 17. Do you still remember the chicken farm ______we visited three months ago? （2005年北京春季）
A. where B. when C. that D. what
18. The United States is made up of fifty states, one of ________ is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean. （2005年上海春季）
??? A. them B. those C. which D. whoseIs there a bus stop around which I can take a No. 3 bus?______whereEg.) You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree. (NMET 2004)
A. why B. where C. what D. howwhere 用法知多少: Where bees are, there is honey.
._______ others are weak, he is strong.
It’s none of your business where I spend my vacation.
地点状语从句名词性从句Ex.) Finally we reached ______ was once an old temple ____ the villagers used as a school.
A. where; that B.what; where
C. what; which D. there; whichWhereIs this the factory ______ we visited last week?
Is this factory _______ we visited last week?
Is this the factory ______ his father works?
(that )the one where06年高考语法复习系列十一名词性从句名词性从句（Noun Clause） 主语从句 （Subject Clause）表语从句 ( Predicative Clause) 宾语从句 （Object Clause）同位语从句 （Appositive Clause）Noun clause:
We all have a firm belief that hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.
Women are playing an important role in what used to be considered “men’s territory”.
Did it ever occur to you that we should move to a warm climate?
That’s where a change is needed.that hard work canmake up for a lack of intelligence.whatused to be considered “men’s territory”that we should move toa warm climatewhere a change is needed同位语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句从句必须使用陈述语序1. 名词性从句考点
1、引导词 that 与 what；that 与 whether；
if 与 whether；what 与 how等的区别；
2、名词性从句的时态和语序问题；
3、名词性从句的语气问题；
4、同位语从句与定语从句的比较区别。1、名词性从句的引导词问题
问题1： Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly equipped. （05安徽卷）
A. what; when B. that; which
C. what; which D. which; that
A前句考查的是 that 与 what 的区别。that 在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，而 what 可充当名词性的成分。前句的表语从句中还缺少表语，故只能用 what。后句是定语从句，修饰 20 years ago，所以须用 when。问题2： 1) What the doctors really doubt is _____my mother will recover
from the serious disease soon. (上海2001) A. when B. if C. whether D. why
2) Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object
and _______it is rough or smooth. （05天津卷）
A. 不填 B. whether C. how D. what
CB 在名词性从句中表示“是否”这一概念时，连词 if 一般只能引导宾语从句，而题1是表语从句，故不能选B；注意doubt 的用法，如果是肯定句，用 whether，如果是否定句，用 that。宾语从句中，以下情况只用 whether 不用 if：① 与 or 连用时；② 后接不定式短语时；③ 在 decide ; be sure 等动词后。问题3： ______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988) A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
C whoever 引导名词性从句时表示“无论哪一个”，相当于 anyone who；who 引导名词性从句时表示带有疑问的“谁”。根据该题的意思不难作出选择。选项A, B后都缺少了 who，而引导定语从句的 who 是不能省略的。
同时还需要注意 whoever 与 no matter who; whatever 与 no matter what 等的区别。wh-ever 既可引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句，而 no matter wh- 只能引导状语从句。问题4： 1) I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___
silly mistakes I had made. （05湖南卷）
A. what B. that C. how D. which
2) Parents are taught to understand ______ important education
is to their children’s future. （04广东）
A. that B. how C. such D. so
AB what 与 how 引导感叹句时，what 后加名词，how 后加形容词和副词。其结构为：What + (a) + (adj.) + n. 但要注意在 what 后不能加表示数量的 many; much; few; little 等词。 How + adj. + (a )+ (n.)，要注意的是 how 后的名词只能为单数名词。题1中是复数名词，只能用 what；题2中的正常语序是 …education is important to their …，所以选B。 2、名词性从句中的时态问题
问题1：
1、Scientists think that the continents _____ always where they
_____ today. (05北京卷)
A. aren’t; are? B. aren’t; were???
C. weren’t; are?? D. weren’t; were
2、— Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school
gate.
— Oh! I thought they ______ without me. (05江西卷)
? A．went ?B．are going ?C．have gone ?D．had gone
CD当主句的动词为现在和将来时态时，名词性从句中的动作根据所发生的时间来定，可以有各种时态；当主句的动词为过去时态时，从句中的动作一般都要使用相应的过去时，除非表示客观真理。3、名词性从句中的语序问题
问题1：
1、Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ____.
(全国2000) A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
2、 The photographs will show you ____．（MET1989） A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
DB名词性从句中都用陈述语序，不用倒装语序。题1中的干扰项是B，对想要知道的人提问或应答都用 it 而不用人称代词 he, I , you 等。题2只要注意是介词宾语就行了。4. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气
A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
在动词 suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, decide, determine, advise, recommend, deserve (值得提及) 后需用 should 型的虚拟语气。
考题点击：
The teacher demanded that the work _____ before 4 o’clock.
A. finished B. be finished C. should finish D. finish
2. --- What did the doctor say about your mother’s illness?
--- He suggested that she _____ an operation at once.
A. must have B. had C. have D. had hadBC6、其它需要注意的几个问题
3） 记住同位语从句的“先行词” ，如：“advice, belief (信念), doubt (怀疑), fact, fear, hope, idea, knowledge, news, order, problem, question, remark (意见), reply, report, suggestion, thought (想法), wish,”等。
4）同位语从句与定语从句的区别
21. Danby left word with my secretary _________ he would call again in the afternoon. （05浙江卷） (B)
A．who B．that C．as D．which
2. Is there any thing else _____you require?
A. which B. that C. who D. what
B、主语从句中的虚拟语气
基本句型：
It is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do
It is important, necessary, natural, desirable, strange, advisable, imperative…
It is a pity, a shame, no wonder
考题点击：
1. Is it necessary that he _____ the examination?
A. takes B. has to take C. must take D. take
2. It is strange that he _____ you this.
A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has toldDBC、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名词后面
的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动
词原形。 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
考题点击：
His suggestion that you _____ once more sounds reasonable.
A. try B. tries C. must try D. can tryA5、 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的问题
问题1：
1、_____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an
international language. (NMET1995) A. There B. This C. That D. It 2、 I like______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and
bright. （04全国I）
A this B that C it D one
3、The chairman thought ______ necessary to invite Professor
Smith to speak at the meeting. （05全国卷1）
A．that B．it C．this D．him
DCB主语、宾语从句常用先行词 it 代替，而将其置于句末。但由 whatever, whoever 引导的主语从句一般不用 it 代替。1. （湖南卷）35. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made.
A. what B. that C. how D. which
2. （山东卷）26.The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ______ he thought was not enough.
A. where B. how C. what D. which
3. (广东卷)34. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ______ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
4. (江苏卷)32. The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ________the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
5. （全国卷3）11．The poor young man is ready to accept ___________ help he can get.
A．whichever B. However C．whatever D．whenever
6. （全国卷1）23．Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game .
A．why B．what C．who D．that
7. （全国卷1）30．It wasn’t until nearly a month later I received the manager’s reply .
A．since B．when C．as D．that
8. （浙江卷）15. Danby left word with my secretary _________ he would call again in the afternoon.
A．who B．that C as D．which 9. （重庆卷）34. The old lady’s hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor ______ this shaking had begun half a year before, and _____, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job.
A. when; how B. how; when
C. how; how D. why; why
10. （天津卷）2. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _______it is rough or smooth.
A. 不填 B. whether C. how D. what 11. （安徽卷）32. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly equipped.
A. what; when B. that; which
C. what; which D. which; that
12.（辽宁卷）29．Do you have any idea ________ is actually going on in the classroom?
A．that B．what C．as D．which 状语从句（Adverbial Clause）·时间状语从句
·地点状语从句
·原因状语从句
·方式状语从句
·结果状语从句
·目的状语从句
·条件状语从句
·让步状语从句
·比较状语从句时间状语从句 —when, while, as ; the moment/minute/instant; immediately/directly/instantly;
hardly/scarcely …when; no sooner…than…before, after;until/till, not…until…;as soon asevery/each/any/next/last time/the first timeonce, since地点状语从句— 原因状语从句—where, whereverbecause, since, as; now (that), in that, seeing (that)方式状语从句—结果状语从句— 目的状语从句—条件状语从句—让步状语从句—比较状语从句—as; as if, as thoughso/such …that …; such that …;so that…in order that, so that, for fear that, lest, in caseif, unless; in case; as/ so long as; on condition that; provided/providing; supposing/suppose; given; when, whilealthough, though; no matter +wh-/how, wh-ever/however; even if, even though; when, while，whether; than, asalthough/ as /though的用法:Which of the following is right? _______
A child as he is, he can tell right from wrong.
Child as he is, but he can tell right from wrong.
Child though he is, yet he can tell right from wrong.
Child although he is, he can tell right from wrong.
_______________________ (尽管我很喜欢它), I will not buy the dress.
_____________________ (尽管他会尝试), he might fail again.Much as / though I like itTry as/though he wouldsince的用法:— Aren’t you a college student?
— ______. It’s two years since I was at college.
No, I am B. Yes, I am
C. No, I’m not D. Yes, I’m notuntil & not …until…Eg.) It was until last year that he _________.
came to realize the importance of learning English
worked as a physics teacher at a middle school
set out to build a new house of his own
left his hometown for a new startA friend is never known until needed.一词多译的“before”:Eg.) All things are difficult before they are easy.
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.
It won’t be long before we meet again.
She had struggled to her feet before I ran over to her.
Lock your bike before it gets stolen.
I would shoot myself before I apologized to her.when 的典型用法:Eg.) When I called on her, she was playing the piano.2. 常用于be doing …/ be (just) about to do …/ had not been doing … when… Eg.) We were swimming in the lake when the storm started.
We hadn’t been out for long when she felt sick.3. 表示原因, “既然, 考虑到” =sinceEg.) Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?1. 引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。4. 表示条件, 相当于“ if ”Eg.) How can I finish the job when he refuses to help me?5. 表示让步, 相当于“although”Eg.) The waitress brought me a coffee when I asked for a tea.while的用法:n.) in a little while
(every) once in a while
It is worth (one’s )while to do /doing sth.While conj.1. 引导时间状语从句，其表示的时间只能是一段:Eg.) I got hurt while (I was ) riding a bike.Eg.) He likes playing golf while his wife prefers playing tennis.Eg.) While I admit that there are problems , I don’t agree that they can’t be solved.Eg.) While there is life, there is hope.2.表示对比, “然而”3. 表示让步, “尽管, 虽然” (多放于句首)4.表示条件, “只要”
1. (北京卷)33. I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early _________ I can have time for a cup of tea.
A. as soon as B. as a result
C. in case D. so that
3. （山东卷）24.It was some time ______ we realized the truth.
A. when B. until C. since D. before
6. (广东卷)26. You'd better take something to read when you go to see the doctor ______ you have to wait.
A. even if B. as if
C. in case D. in order that 7. (广东卷)30. The American Civil War lasted four years ______ the North won in the end.
A. after B. before C. when D. then
11. （湖南卷）23. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ____they are different from your own.
A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though
15. (江苏卷)34. Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process (过程)________ it requires attention as well as memory and imagination.
A. until B. but C. unless D. for 18. （全国卷3）9．I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s ________ I have to wait.
A．in case B．so that C．in order D．as if
23. （上海卷）34. He transplanted the little tree to the garden _______ it was the best time for it.
A. where B. when C. that D. until
26. （浙江卷）7. The old tower must be saved, _________the cost.
A．however B．whatever C．whichever D．wherever29. （重庆卷）21. It is known to all that _____ you exercise regularly, you won't keep good health.
A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if
33. （天津卷）5. He tried his best to solve the problem, _______difficult it was.
A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although
36. （安徽卷）22. You must keep on working in the evening,. ______ you are sure you can finish the task in time.
A. as B. if C. when D. unless37. （安徽卷）29. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years ______ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. when B. that C. before D. since
41. （辽宁卷）34．There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, ________ she was an only child.
A．ever since B．now that
C．even though D．even as
1 Is this the school_________________ you have visited?
2 Who is the girl _______ is wearing a red coat?
3 The man ________ is standing there is a writer.
4 The man _____ you shook hands with is a writer
with______ you shook hands is a writer.
5 I still remember the day ______ / ____ ______ we first met.
6 I’ll never forget the day __________ we spent together.(whi( which/that)thatwhowho(Who/whom)whomwhenOn whichwhich/that7The house __________ we visited is being repaired now.
8 The house ______ Luxun once lived
is being repaired now.
The reason _____ he didn’t come was
not clear.
10 That is the reason ___________ he explained to us for
his action.
10 I have the same pen ___ Tom has
11 Such a man ____ he is not worth believing.
12 ____ we all know ,smoking does harm to health.
13 Smoking does harm to health,______ we all know.
(which/that)Where/in whichWhy/for whichthat/whichasAs aswhich关系代词：关系副词：that （主、宾、表；可指人或物）
which（主、宾、表、定；只指物）
who （主、宾；只指人）
whom （宾；只指人）
whose（定；可指人或物）
as （主、宾、表） when （时间状语）
where （地点状语）
why （原因状语）定语从句 （Attributive Clause）1.This is all____I know about the matter.
A.that B.what C.who D.whether
2. Is there anything else_____you require?
A.which B.that C.who D.what
4.He talked happily about the men and books_____
interested him greatly in the school.
A.which B.that C.it D.whom
5.This is one of the best books_______.
A.that have ever been written C.that has written
B.that has ever been written D.that have written
6. Is oxygen the only gas_____helps fire burn?
A.that B./ C.which D.it
3.The last place _____we visited was the Great Wall.
A. which B.that C.where D.it
A B BAA B 1 只用that，不用which的情况：
当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；
当先行词前有the only, the very, the last等词修饰时；
当先行词为anything, nothing, something, everything, all, little, much等不定代词修饰时；
当先行词前有all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等词修饰时；
若主句中有疑问代词who, which 为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用who, which.
2. 若先行词前有___________________ 作修饰语, 通常用as 作关系代词。Eg.) Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem ______ none of us worked out.
= Last term our maths teacher set such a difficult examination problem ______ none of us worked out .
Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an exam problem ______ none of us worked it out.
You should give the watch to Lily. This watch is the same _______ she lost yesterday.
I’m going to buy the same watch ____ he bought the other day.
the same, so, suchasthatthatasit( that; as; which; like )as “介词+关系词 ” 引导定语从句:Eg.) The palace _________ I often pay a visit dates from the 17th century.
The students, most _________ are from the north, are not used to the winter in Shanghai. We all stood on the top of the high building, ______ we could see the whole city.
A. to which B. from that C. from which D. which to whichof whom介词的选择: 一看先行词; 二看与从句谓语动词的搭配; 三看整个句子的意思.关系代词作定语： 例: He won’t want to eat it unless he’s really hungry, in _____ case he’ll eat almost anything.
A. what B. that C. whose D. whichEg.) Tom spent four years in college, during _______ time he learned French.
I called him by the wrong name, for ______ mistake I should apologize.A mental patient is one ______ mind is diseased.
The students are working hard at English, ___________ __________ _____________________________________ ___________ is known to all. whichwhichwhosewhose importance importance/ the importance of which / of which the1．—Why does she always ask you for help? （05年北京）
—There is no one else , is there?
A．who to turn to B．she can turn to C．for whom to turn D．for her to turn
2．Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly equipped. （05年安徽）
A．what; when B．that; which
C．what; which D．which; that
3．—Is that the small town you often refer to? （05年福建）
—Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.
A．that B．which C．where D．what4. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ______ people were eaten by the tiger. （2005年广东）
A. in which B. by which C. which D. that
5．Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be. （2005年湖北）
A．who B．that C．what D．which
6．Frank’s dream was to have his own shop to produce the workings of his own hands . （2005年湖南）
A．that B．in which C．by which D．How
7. The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be________the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （2005年江苏）
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which8．The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained. （2005年江西）
A．in that B．for that C．in which D．for which
9．I walked in our garden, _______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. （2005年辽宁）
A．which B．when C．where D．that
10．I have many friends , some are businessmen . （2005年全国卷1）
A．of them B．from which
C．who of D．of whom 11．He was educated at a local grammar school, ____________ he went on to Cambridge. （05年山东）
A. from which B. after that
C. after which D. from this
12. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ________ effects people are still suffering. （2005年天津）
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
13. Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office. （2005年浙江）
A．which B．that C．this D．it 14. _________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. （2005年浙江）
A．When B．After C．As D．Since
15. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, ____ , he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students' Union. （2005年重庆）
A. during which time B. for which time
C. during whose time D. by that time
16. If a shop has chairs________ women can park their men , women will spend more time in the shop.
（05年上海）
A. that B. which C. when D. where 17. Do you still remember the chicken farm ______we visited three months ago? （2005年北京春季）
A. where B. when C. that D. what
18. The United States is made up of fifty states, one of ________ is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean. （2005年上海春季）
??? A. them B. those C. which D. whoseIs there a bus stop around which I can take a No. 3 bus?______whereEg.) You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree. (NMET 2004)
A. why B. where C. what D. howwhere 用法知多少: Where bees are, there is honey.
._______ others are weak, he is strong.
It’s none of your business where I spend my vacation.
地点状语从句名词性从句Ex.) Finally we reached ______ was once an old temple ____ the villagers used as a school.
A. where; that B.what; where
C. what; which D. there; whichWhereIs this the factory ______ we visited last week?
Is this factory _______ we visited last week?
Is this the factory ______ his father works?
(that )the one where06年高考语法复习系列十一名词性从句名词性从句（Noun Clause） 主语从句 （Subject Clause）表语从句 ( Predicative Clause) 宾语从句 （Object Clause）同位语从句 （Appositive Clause）Noun clause:
We all have a firm belief that hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.
Women are playing an important role in what used to be considered “men’s territory”.
Did it ever occur to you that we should move to a warm climate?
That’s where a change is needed.that hard work canmake up for a lack of intelligence.whatused to be considered “men’s territory”that we should move toa warm climatewhere a change is needed同位语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句从句必须使用陈述语序1. 名词性从句考点
1、引导词 that 与 what；that 与 whether；
if 与 whether；what 与 how等的区别；
2、名词性从句的时态和语序问题；
3、名词性从句的语气问题；
4、同位语从句与定语从句的比较区别。1、名词性从句的引导词问题
问题1： Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly equipped. （05安徽卷）
A. what; when B. that; which
C. what; which D. which; that
A前句考查的是 that 与 what 的区别。that 在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，而 what 可充当名词性的成分。前句的表语从句中还缺少表语，故只能用 what。后句是定语从句，修饰 20 years ago，所以须用 when。问题2： 1) What the doctors really doubt is _____my mother will recover
from the serious disease soon. (上海2001) A. when B. if C. whether D. why
2) Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object
and _______it is rough or smooth. （05天津卷）
A. 不填 B. whether C. how D. what
CB 在名词性从句中表示“是否”这一概念时，连词 if 一般只能引导宾语从句，而题1是表语从句，故不能选B；注意doubt 的用法，如果是肯定句，用 whether，如果是否定句，用 that。宾语从句中，以下情况只用 whether 不用 if：① 与 or 连用时；② 后接不定式短语时；③ 在 decide ; be sure 等动词后。问题3： ______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988) A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
C whoever 引导名词性从句时表示“无论哪一个”，相当于 anyone who；who 引导名词性从句时表示带有疑问的“谁”。根据该题的意思不难作出选择。选项A, B后都缺少了 who，而引导定语从句的 who 是不能省略的。
同时还需要注意 whoever 与 no matter who; whatever 与 no matter what 等的区别。wh-ever 既可引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句，而 no matter wh- 只能引导状语从句。问题4： 1) I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___
silly mistakes I had made. （05湖南卷）
A. what B. that C. how D. which
2) Parents are taught to understand ______ important education
is to their children’s future. （04广东）
A. that B. how C. such D. so
AB what 与 how 引导感叹句时，what 后加名词，how 后加形容词和副词。其结构为：What + (a) + (adj.) + n. 但要注意在 what 后不能加表示数量的 many; much; few; little 等词。 How + adj. + (a )+ (n.)，要注意的是 how 后的名词只能为单数名词。题1中是复数名词，只能用 what；题2中的正常语序是 …education is important to their …，所以选B。 2、名词性从句中的时态问题
问题1：
1、Scientists think that the continents _____ always where they
_____ today. (05北京卷)
A. aren’t; are? B. aren’t; were???
C. weren’t; are?? D. weren’t; were
2、— Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school
gate.
— Oh! I thought they ______ without me. (05江西卷)
? A．went ?B．are going ?C．have gone ?D．had gone
CD当主句的动词为现在和将来时态时，名词性从句中的动作根据所发生的时间来定，可以有各种时态；当主句的动词为过去时态时，从句中的动作一般都要使用相应的过去时，除非表示客观真理。3、名词性从句中的语序问题
问题1：
1、Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ____.
(全国2000) A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
2、 The photographs will show you ____．（MET1989） A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
DB名词性从句中都用陈述语序，不用倒装语序。题1中的干扰项是B，对想要知道的人提问或应答都用 it 而不用人称代词 he, I , you 等。题2只要注意是介词宾语就行了。4. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气
A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
在动词 suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, decide, determine, advise, recommend, deserve (值得提及) 后需用 should 型的虚拟语气。
考题点击：
The teacher demanded that the work _____ before 4 o’clock.
A. finished B. be finished C. should finish D. finish
2. --- What did the doctor say about your mother’s illness?
--- He suggested that she _____ an operation at once.
A. must have B. had C. have D. had hadBC6、其它需要注意的几个问题
3） 记住同位语从句的“先行词” ，如：“advice, belief (信念), doubt (怀疑), fact, fear, hope, idea, knowledge, news, order, problem, question, remark (意见), reply, report, suggestion, thought (想法), wish,”等。
4）同位语从句与定语从句的区别
21. Danby left word with my secretary _________ he would call again in the afternoon. （05浙江卷） (B)
A．who B．that C．as D．which
2. Is there any thing else _____you require?
A. which B. that C. who D. what
B、主语从句中的虚拟语气
基本句型：
It is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do
It is important, necessary, natural, desirable, strange, advisable, imperative…
It is a pity, a shame, no wonder
考题点击：
1. Is it necessary that he _____ the examination?
A. takes B. has to take C. must take D. take
2. It is strange that he _____ you this.
A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has toldDBC、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名词后面
的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动
词原形。 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
考题点击：
His suggestion that you _____ once more sounds reasonable.
A. try B. tries C. must try D. can tryA5、 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的问题
问题1：
1、_____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an
international language. (NMET1995) A. There B. This C. That D. It 2、 I like______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and
bright. （04全国I）
A this B that C it D one
3、The chairman thought ______ necessary to invite Professor
Smith to speak at the meeting. （05全国卷1）
A．that B．it C．this D．him
DCB主语、宾语从句常用先行词 it 代替，而将其置于句末。但由 whatever, whoever 引导的主语从句一般不用 it 代替。1. （湖南卷）35. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made.
A. what B. that C. how D. which
2. （山东卷）26.The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ______ he thought was not enough.
A. where B. how C. what D. which
3. (广东卷)34. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ______ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
4. (江苏卷)32. The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ________the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
5. （全国卷3）11．The poor young man is ready to accept ___________ help he can get.
A．whichever B. However C．whatever D．whenever
6. （全国卷1）23．Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game .
A．why B．what C．who D．that
7. （全国卷1）30．It wasn’t until nearly a month later I received the manager’s reply .
A．since B．when C．as D．that
8. （浙江卷）15. Danby left word with my secretary _________ he would call again in the afternoon.
A．who B．that C as D．which 9. （重庆卷）34. The old lady’s hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor ______ this shaking had begun half a year before, and _____, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job.
A. when; how B. how; when
C. how; how D. why; why
10. （天津卷）2. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _______it is rough or smooth.
A. 不填 B. whether C. how D. what 11. （安徽卷）32. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly equipped.
A. what; when B. that; which
C. what; which D. which; that
12.（辽宁卷）29．Do you have any idea ________ is actually going on in the classroom?
A．that B．what C．as D．which 状语从句（Adverbial Clause）·时间状语从句
·地点状语从句
·原因状语从句
·方式状语从句
·结果状语从句
·目的状语从句
·条件状语从句
·让步状语从句
·比较状语从句时间状语从句 —when, while, as ; the moment/minute/instant; immediately/directly/instantly;
hardly/scarcely …when; no sooner…than…before, after;until/till, not…until…;as soon asevery/each/any/next/last time/the first timeonce, since地点状语从句— 原因状语从句—where, whereverbecause, since, as; now (that), in that, seeing (that)方式状语从句—结果状语从句— 目的状语从句—条件状语从句—让步状语从句—比较状语从句—as; as if, as thoughso/such …that …; such that …;so that…in order that, so that, for fear that, lest, in caseif, unless; in case; as/ so long as; on condition that; provided/providing; supposing/suppose; given; when, whilealthough, though; no matter +wh-/how, wh-ever/however; even if, even though; when, while，whether; than, asalthough/ as /though的用法:Which of the following is right? _______
A child as he is, he can tell right from wrong.
Child as he is, but he can tell right from wrong.
Child though he is, yet he can tell right from wrong.
Child although he is, he can tell right from wrong.
_______________________ (尽管我很喜欢它), I will not buy the dress.
_____________________ (尽管他会尝试), he might fail again.Much as / though I like itTry as/though he wouldsince的用法:— Aren’t you a college student?
— ______. It’s two years since I was at college.
No, I am B. Yes, I am
C. No, I’m not D. Yes, I’m notuntil & not …until…Eg.) It was until last year that he _________.
came to realize the importance of learning English
worked as a physics teacher at a middle school
set out to build a new house of his own
left his hometown for a new startA friend is never known until needed.一词多译的“before”:Eg.) All things are difficult before they are easy.
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.
It won’t be long before we meet again.
She had struggled to her feet before I ran over to her.
Lock your bike before it gets stolen.
I would shoot myself before I apologized to her.when 的典型用法:Eg.) When I called on her, she was playing the piano.2. 常用于be doing …/ be (just) about to do …/ had not been doing … when… Eg.) We were swimming in the lake when the storm started.
We hadn’t been out for long when she felt sick.3. 表示原因, “既然, 考虑到” =sinceEg.) Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?1. 引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。4. 表示条件, 相当于“ if ”Eg.) How can I finish the job when he refuses to help me?5. 表示让步, 相当于“although”Eg.) The waitress brought me a coffee when I asked for a tea.while的用法:n.) in a little while
(every) once in a while
It is worth (one’s )while to do /doing sth.While conj.1. 引导时间状语从句，其表示的时间只能是一段:Eg.) I got hurt while (I was ) riding a bike.Eg.) He likes playing golf while his wife prefers playing tennis.Eg.) While I admit that there are problems , I don’t agree that they can’t be solved.Eg.) While there is life, there is hope.2.表示对比, “然而”3. 表示让步, “尽管, 虽然” (多放于句首)4.表示条件, “只要”
1. (北京卷)33. I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early _________ I can have time for a cup of tea.
A. as soon as B. as a result
C. in case D. so that
3. （山东卷）24.It was some time ______ we realized the truth.
A. when B. until C. since D. before
6. (广东卷)26. You'd better take something to read when you go to see the doctor ______ you have to wait.
A. even if B. as if
C. in case D. in order that 7. (广东卷)30. The American Civil War lasted four years ______ the North won in the end.
A. after B. before C. when D. then
11. （湖南卷）23. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ____they are different from your own.
A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though
15. (江苏卷)34. Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process (过程)________ it requires attention as well as memory and imagination.
A. until B. but C. unless D. for 18. （全国卷3）9．I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s ________ I have to wait.
A．in case B．so that C．in order D．as if
23. （上海卷）34. He transplanted the little tree to the garden _______ it was the best time for it.
A. where B. when C. that D. until
26. （浙江卷）7. The old tower must be saved, _________the cost.
A．however B．whatever C．whichever D．wherever29. （重庆卷）21. It is known to all that _____ you exercise regularly, you won't keep good health.
A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if
33. （天津卷）5. He tried his best to solve the problem, _______difficult it was.
A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although
36. （安徽卷）22. You must keep on working in the evening,. ______ you are sure you can finish the task in time.
A. as B. if C. when D. unless37. （安徽卷）29. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years ______ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. when B. that C. before D. since
41. （辽宁卷）34．There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, ________ she was an only child.
A．ever since B．now that
C．even though D．even as