课件10张PPT。1．can, could（能）
表示一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态，有时也能表示将来时。所有其他时态（包括将来时）须用to be able 加动词不定式来表示。
①What can I do for you?我能为你做什么吗？
②It surely can't be eleven o'clock already. 不可能已经十一点钟了。
③We were sure that he could pass the test.我们肯定他能通过测试。
④Will you be able to finish the chemical experiment today? 你今天能做完这个化学实验吗？
2．may
①May I come in?我可以进来吗？（表示允许或请求）
②You may go now.你现在可以走了。
●may表示允许的否定形式是must not（“不应该”、“不许”）。
③----May I take this book home? ----No, you mustn't.我可以把这本书拿回家吗？——不行。
④She may not go to the library tonight.
今晚她可能不去图书馆了。（表示说话人的猜测，认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。）
⑤The news may or may not be true.消息也许是真的，也许不是真的。（猜测）
●may用在感叹句中可表示祝愿、愿望。如：
⑥May you succeed.祝你成功。3．Might (might为may的过去式)
①Mr. Li said he might visit Cambridge University.李先生说他可能去参观剑桥大学。
●might也可代替may，表示现在时间的动作，但语气较委婉，客气或更加不肯定。
②Might I use this phone?我可以用这个电话吗？
③The singing star might not come today.今天歌星也许不来了。
4．must必须，应当
①You must get to the airport before nine o'clock. 你必须在九点以前到达飞机场。
②Your homework must be clear and complete.你的作业应当清楚完整。
③He must be in the reading room now.他现在准是在阅览室。（表示说话人对事物的推测）
④She must be writing a letter to her mother.
她现在一定在给她妈妈写信。（must加动词不定式进行时也可表示对现在发生的动作的推测，表示“一定”或“准是”的意思。）
⑤The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
马路湿了，昨晚一定下雨了。（must加动词不定式的完成式，说明对过去事物的推测，表示“一定”或“准是”的意思。）
●两种否定式的比较
must not表示“不应该”、“不许可”，语气比较强烈。如：
We mustn't waste our time.我们不应该浪费我们的时间。
need not（不必）表示must在意义上的否定。如：
Must we clean our classroom today?----No, you needn't.我们必须今天清扫教室吗？——不，不必。5．have to（不得不，必须）
①To launch satellites into space, we have to use big powerful rockets.要把卫星射入太空我们必须得使用巨型强力火箭。
②There is no bus to the village and we have to walk there.没有到那个村子的公共汽车，我们必须步行去那里。6．need需要
用于疑问句及否定句，单数第三人称不加-s，后接动词原形。（在肯定句里既可用做情态动词又可用做实义动词。当用做实义动词时，单数第三人称加-s，并有时态变化。）
①Need we go to the factory on foot?我们今天需要步行去工厂吗？
②You needn't do your homework in class. You may do it after class. 你不必在课堂上做作业，你可以课后做。
●needn't后加动词的完成式时，指过去已做了但不需做的动作。
③You needn't have bought the new watch, as the old one could be repaired.你本可以不必买只新表，因为旧表能修好。
④You needn't have brought your umbrellA． It is going to be clear up.你本可以不必带伞，天就要晴了。
●didn't have to和didn't need to表示过去未做也不需做的动作。如：
⑤I didn't have to help her with her mathematics, for she is good at math.我没有必要帮她数学，她擅长数学。
⑥She knew the way to the library, so you didn't need to show her the way.她知道去图书馆的路，所以你没有必要给她指路。7．should应当
①You should listen to your father's advice.你应当听你爸爸的话。（表示“劝告”、“建议”）
②The doctor should be here by now.医生现在可能到了。（表示“预测”、“可能”）
③She should be on campus.她应当在校园里。（表示“预测”、“可能”）
④Why should I leave?我干吗要离开？（表示“不满”、“惊奇”）
●should后跟动词不定式的完成式时，这时句子指的是过去的事情。如果是肯定句，说明事情本应完成而未完成；如果是否定句表示发生了不应当发生的事情。如：
⑤ The little boy shouldn't have eaten the apple without washing it first.这个小男孩不应当不洗苹果就吃。
⑥You should have worked hard earlier.你早就应当努力学习了。
●should的语气比must轻，可用于各人称。8．ought to 应当，总该
语气比should重，比must轻，表示有“义务”或“必要”做某件事，还可表示“劝告”等。
①You ought to practice more.你应该多练习。
②You ought not to stay up too late.你不应该熬夜太晚。
③Your grandpa oughtn't to drink so much.你爷爷不应当喝大多的酒。
●ought后加动词不定式的完成式时，指过去的动作。肯定形式（ought to have done）表示某件事应当做而未做，相当于should have done。否定形式（ought not to have done），则表示一件不应该做的事情发生了，相当于should not have done。如：
④ I was fined. I ought to have returned these books to the library last month.我被罚款了，我上个月就应当把这些书还给图书馆。
⑤You oughtn't to have got up so late.你不应该起这么晚 9．will表示“意志”、“意愿”和“决心”等，可用于各种人称
①He will come to see you next Sunday.下个星期天他将来看你。
②We will try our best to win the game.我们将尽最大努力赢得比赛。课件10张PPT。普通名词 专有名词: English, the United Nations, Zhongshan Park 个体名词：tree, city, teacher集体名词：class, family, society 物质名词：paper, bread, light抽象名词：truth, health, music名 词 物质名词量的表示法 a piece of news, two sheets of paper, two sets of furniture
c.f. three boxes of eggs, two bunches of flowers名词所有格 Alice’s paintings
New Year’s Day
at the barber’s
five minutes’ talk c.f. a five-minute talk
the window of the room （无生命东西的名词）
the death of Dr. Norman Bethune ( 名词本身较长)
What’s the name of the student sitting near the window?（名词的定语较长）名词双重所有格 当a， an, this, that，these, those, some, any, several, no, every, such, another, which, what等与名词所有格共同修饰一个名词时， 两者不能同时都放在该名词前面，而要用双重所有格表示。
He is a friend of my father’s
This is no fault of John’s
c.f. a picture of his brother’s
a picture of his brother名词的单复数 1. 可数名词的复数形式：
desk---- desks
class---- classes
factory---- factories
hero---- heroes c.f photo--- photos
leaf--- leaves knife--- knives c.f. roof--- roofs chief---- chiefs2. 不规则形式：
foot---feet woman--- women tooth--- teeth
a sheep ---- two sheep a deer ---- two deer
an aircraft--- three aircraft
a Chinese--- many Chinese
a Frenchman--- two Frenchmen
a German--- five Germans
looker-on---- lookers-on
father-in-law --- fathers-in-law
grown –up ----- grown ups
man doctor ---- men doctors名词的用法 主语：The children are playing under the tree.
宾语:
a) She opens the window at five every morning.
b) He looks after the child.
表语 Her daughter is a singer.
宾补 They name the boy Tom.
主补 He is considered an excellent writer.
定语 That is a bicycle factory.名词的主谓一致 The class is for the plan.
The class are waiting for her.
The savings are for your future use.
The scissors are very sharp.
A pair of scissors is in the drawer.
The cattle are gazing at the foot of the hill.
The police are gathering in the street.
A policeman is asking him several questions.A deer is over there in the bush.
Three deer are appearing over there in the bush.
Five hundred dollars a month is not much.
Mr. Smith, together with his wife and two sons, is to arrive on the evening flight.
The manager as well as his colleagues was present at the meeting.
The owner and editor of the newspaper is a friend of mine.
The old lead a happy life.就近原则 Fans or an air-conditioner is necessary for the laboratory.
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.
Not only the workers but the manager objects to the change.
There’s a book, two pencils and some paper on the desk.课件48张PPT。一、?谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致
1．The results of the experiment _____that you have all made good progress.
2．Between the two buildings ________a monument.
二、如果主语是一个抽象概念,谓语动词用单数
1．Growing vegetables _________constant watering.
2．That we have made brilliant achievements ____ an iron fact.showstandsneedsis三、由and 并列的两个名词做主语时，如果表示的是一个同一概念或者单数概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数
1．The iron and steel industry _____ very important.
2．The teacher and poet often ______lectures around the city.
3. The teacher and the poet ______ good friends in the city.
4．When and where to build the shopping center ______ not been decided. isgivesarehas四、如果主语是单数，即使后面跟着由with, together with, as well as, like, but, except等引起的短语，谓语动词仍然用单数(与第一个主语保持一致)
1．An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, _____to be built here.
2．A scientist, together with some assistants, _____ sent to the flooded area to help in the work.
3．The teacher as well as the students__ going to visit the exhibition.
4．None but Xiao Wang ______it.iswasisknows五、each 和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词都看作单数
1．Each of us ______something to say about the subject. （注意如果是we each 就不一样了）
3．Just a minute, someone ____ talking with manager.
六、what, which, who, some, more, most, all等代词是单数或是复数要依据意思来定
1．Which is / are your room / rooms?
2．What we need is more practice.
3．What he left me are but a few old books.
4．All that can be done has been done.
5．All but you were here just now.hasis七、none指不可数名词时为单数，指可数名词时为单复皆可，主要取决于说话人头脑中联想到的是单数还是复数
1．None of the books ___easy for us.
2．None ____now.
3．None of the information ___useful..
八 either, neither通常看作单数
1．Neither of us ____passed the examination.
2．Either of them ____known it.arecareshashasis九Many a和more than one修饰的词做主语时，谓语动词用单数
1.Many a person ____had that kind of experience.
2.More than one expert _____ invited to the party.
十、分数，百分数 + of + 名词做主语时，主要看名词是单数还是复数；是可数还是不可数
1．More than 70% of the earth___ covered with water.
2．Two thirds of the work ____been finished so far.
3．60% of the students ______arrived.
4．One fourth of the population here____ workers.
但，population 单独做主语，为单数
如：What ____the population of the city?haswas ishashaveareis十一、不可数名词如果被表示数量的名词所修饰，谓语动词用复数
1．Three million tons of coal were exported that year.
2．South of the village were 200 mu of sandy wasteland.
十二、表示时间，数量，长度及价值的名词尽管是复数形式但常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数
1．Today ten thousand yuan is not a large number.
2．100 miles was covered in a single night.十三、or; not only…but also…; neither…nor…; either…or…并列两个主语时，谓语动词和就近的保持一致
1．Not only the students but also the teacher wants to see the film.
2．Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
3．Either you or Xiao Li is mistaken.
十四、here, there 引起一个句子而主语又不止一个，谓语动词通常和就近的一个一致
1．Here is a ruler, a few pencils and two copybooks.
2．There is a computer, a typewriter and two telephones on the desk.十五、有些集体名词可为单数也可为复数，主要依据意思而定
1．His family __not very large.
2．His family ____all music lovers.
3．Class 3 ____next to Class 2.
4．Class 3 _____having a class-meeting this Saturday.
十六、a number of + n为复数；the number of + n为单数
1．A number of books on this subject have been published.
2．The number of books on this subject is amazing.isareisare十七、and 连接的名词前有every, each, no时，谓语动词用单数
1．Every hour and every minute is important to us students.
2．No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in such a heated discussion.
3．Each man and each woman has the equal rights in every field in our country now.
十八、动名词，不定式或者从句做主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数
Seeing is believing
who is her father is not known yet. 十九、the +adj.表示一类人时为复数，表示一类物概念时为单数
1．The poor were looked down upon in the old days.
2．The true is always appreciated anytime.
二十、one and a half…为单数
1．One and a half hours is enough for the experiment.
二十一、one of + pl做先行词，后接定语从句且关系代词做主语，定语从句的谓语动词用复数；the one of…/ the very one of… / the only one of…做先行词且关系代词做主语，定语从句的谓语动词用单数
1．He is one of the students who are into computer games.
2．He is the only one of the students who is into computer games.二十二、表示某些组织机构的名词，虽然形式上是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数
1．The United Nations was founded on October 24,1945.
2．The United States is the only superpower of the world today.
二十三、表示学科的词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等，虽然本身为复数形式，但谓语动词仍用单数
1．Mathematics is my poor subject, I even want to give it up.
2．The news that the newly- built nuclear power station is to be put into use next month is true.主谓一致单选题精选1.Nobody but Jane ____ the secret.
A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known
2.All but one _____ here just now.
A.is B.was C.has been D.were
3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another.
A.is B.are C.am D.be
4.A library with five thousand books _______ to the nation as a gift.
A.is offered B.have offered
C.are offered D.has offered 5.When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.
A.is not decided B.are not decided
C.has not decided D.have not decided 5.When and where to build 6.The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.
A.were , was B.was , was C.was , were D.were , were 7._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass. A.Two fifth,is B.Two fifth ,are C.Two fifths,is D.Two fifths , are 8.This is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked. A.have B.has C.have been D.has been 9.Between the two rows of trees _____ the teaching building.
A.stand B.stands C.standing D.are
10.All that can be done_____.
A.has been done B.has done
C.have done D.were done
11.They each _____ a new dictionary.
A.has B.have C.is D.are
12.The singer and the dancer ______ come to the meeting.
A.has B.have C.are D.is
13.I have finished a large part of the book ; the rest _____more difficult.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
14.The wounded _______ by the hospital.
A.have been taken in B.has been taken in
C.have taken in D.has taken in
15.The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.? A. is B. was C. are D. were 16.What the population of Beijing? A.is B.are
17.The Chinese a great people. A.is B.are
18.The number of the students who part in the entrance examination great. A.takes,is B.takes,are C.take,is D.take,are
1.? Each of you ______ responsible for the accident.
a. am??? b. be??? c. is??? d. are
2.? Each man and woman ______ the same rights.
a. has??? b. have??? c. had??? d. is having
3.? Every means ______ tried but without much result.
has been??? b. have been??? c. are???
d. is
4.? There ______ in this room.
a. are too much furniture??? b. is too many furnitures
c. are too much furnitures?? d. is too much furniture
5.? The manager or his assistant ______ planning to go.
a. were??? b. are??? c. was??? d. be
6.? Not only I but also David and Iris ______ fond of playing basketball.
a. am??? b. is??? c. are??? d. was
7.? Neither Tom nor his parents ______ at home.
a. is???? b. are??? c. has??? d. was
8.? Either the dean or the principal ______ the meeting.
attends??? b. attend???
c. are attending???
d. have attended
9.? ______ was wrong.
a. Not the teacher but the students?????? b. Both the students and the teacher
c. Neither the teacher not the students??? d. Not the students but the teacher
10.???? “______ twenty dollars a big sum to her?”
? “I suppose so.”
a. Will be??? b. Is??? c. Are??? d. Were
11.???? Three hours ______ enough for us to finish the task.
a. are?? b. has?? c. is?? d. were
12.???? Most of his savings ______ in the Xin Hua Bank.
a. has been kept??? b. is being kept??? c. have kept???? d. have been kept
14.???? One or perhaps more pages _______.
a. is missing??? b. has been missed??? c. are missing??? d. was missing
15.???? More than one worker ______ dismissed.
a. have been???? b. are??? c. has been??? d. has
16.???? Many a student ______ the importance of learning a foreign language.
have realized???
b. has realized???
c. have been realized???
d. has been realized
17.???? The gas works ______ near the city.
a. is??? b. are??? c. were??? d. be
18.???? The surroundings of his house ______ clean now.
a. is??? b. are??? c. was??? d. were
19.???? The committee ______ over the problem among themselves for two hours.
a. has argued??? b. has been arguing??? c. have argued??? d. have been arguing
20.???? The public ______ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.
a. is??? b. was??? c. are??? d. has been
21.???? Cattle ______ on the hillside.
a. grazes??? b. is grazing??? c. was grazing??? d. were grazing
22.???? Her politics ______ neither conservative nor liberal.
a. is??? b. are??? c. was??? d. has been
23.???? Measles ______ a kind of infectious illness.
a. is??? b. are?? c. were??? d. have been
24.???? The Philippines ______ to the south-east of China.
??? a. lies??? b. lie??? c. lay??? d. lays
25.???? Mary is one of the girls who ______ always on time.
a. is??? b. am??? c. are??? d. was
26.???? Tom is the only one of the stall members who ______ to be promoted.
a. is going??? b. are going??? c. has been going??? d. have been going
27.???? What caused the accident ______ on the road.
a. were stone??? b. were stones??? c. was stone??? d. was stones
28.???? Wisky and soda ______? his favorite drink.
a. is??? b. are??? c. were??? d. have been
29.???? ______ is to attend our evening.
a. both the singer and the dancer??? b. Either the singer or dancers
? c. The singer or dancers?????????? d. The singer and dancer
30.???? The Smiths ______ their breakfast when the morning post came.
a. had???? b. has been having??? c. are having??? d. were having
31.???? No one except two students ______ the meeting.
a. has been late for??? b. have been late for??? c. was late for??? d. were later for
32.???? All but him and me ______ to the exhibition.
a. am going??? b. is going??? c. are going??? d. was going
33.???? Interest, as well as prospects, ______ important when one looks for a job.
a. are??? b. were??? c. is??? d. was
34.???? The president, accompanied by his assistants, ______.
a. have arrived??? b. are arriving???? c. had arrived??? d. has arrived
35.???? A number of cars ______ in front of the park
a. is parked??? b. was parked??? c. are parked??? d. has parked
36.???? The number of articles published on smoking ______ amazing.
a. is??? b. are??? c. were??? d. have been
37.???? The majority of doctors ______ smoking is harmful to health.
a. are believed??? b. had believed??? c. has believed??? d. believe
38.???? The majority of the damage ______ easy to repair.
a. is??? b. are??? c. were??? d. be
39.???? Four-fifths of the crop ______.
a. are ruined??? b. was ruined??? c. were ruined??? d. have been ruined
40.???? Three-fourths of the buildings ______.
a. was destroyed??? b. is destroyed??? c. were destroyed???? d. has been destroyed
41.???? Early to bed and early to rise ______ a man healthy, happy and wise.
a. making??? b. to make??? c. make??? d. makes
43.???? The young ______ the vital forces in our society.
a. is??? b. has been??? c. are??? d. have been
44.???? Every man, woman and child ______ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world.
a. knows??? b. know??? c. is known??? d. are known
45.???? None of them ______ my friends.
a. is??? b. are??? c. was??? d. has been
46.???? Not only the whole nation, but the whole Europe , indeed the whole human society ______ to alter its attitude to racial problems.
a. need??? b. needs??? c. has a need??? d. have a need
47.???? Getting to other planets or to the moon _____ many problems.
a. involve??? b. involves??? c. involving??? d. to involve
48.???? In that country, the rich ______ richer, the poor, poorer.
a. become??? b.? has become??? c. becomes???? d. is becoming
49.???? The project requires more labor than ______ because it is extremely difficult.
a. has been put in??? b. have been put in???? c. being put in??? d. to be put in
50.???? Not one in one hundred children exposed to the disease ______ likely to develop it.
a. should be??? b. must be??? c. is??? d. are
