语法 定语[上学期]
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课件36张PPT。 请找出画线部分所做成分： 1. Zhoukoudian middle school is a beautiful school.
2. China is a developing country.
3. This is the bridge built last year.
4.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
5.There are the thirty women teachers in our school.
6.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.
7.More than thirty students in our class have read the book.
8.You should follow the doctor’s advice and do more exercises.
9.Who is the girl in red?
10.The man in the room below is friendly.
11.There is nothing that worries him.
12. I will remember the day when I first met her.定语的定义：修饰名词或代词的词，短语或从句称为定语。定语的表现形式：形容词
现在分词,过去分词（短语）
不定式
动名词
名词
数词
名词所有格
介词短语
副词（多位于被修饰词之后）
从句定语之难点一：定语从句定义：在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中的名词或代词的从句成为定语从句，被修的名词或代词称为先行词。
限定性定语从句
定语从句
非限定性定语从句Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?
A dictionary is a book which/ that gives the meaning of the words.
Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father’s.
He gave his mother a color YV set for her birthday, which pleases her a lot.定语从句的关系词定语从句一般位于先行词的后面，定语从句有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as 和关系副词 when, where, why 等引导。关系代词和关系副词在从句中担当成分，当关系代词做定语从句的主语时，其后的位于动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。请填上恰当的关联词并将下列句子翻译成汉语。Those _____ wish to go to the park must be at the gate by 7:50 a.m.
The film star _______ you wish to see has come.
Nobody wants the house ______ roof has fallen in.
A dictionary is a book ___________ gives the meaning of the words.
There is a film ___________ I’d like to see. who(whom)whosewhich/that(which/that)October 1,1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
Is this the room ______ we were living last winter?
I don’t know the reason _____ she looks unhappy today.whenwherewhy请讲下列句子翻译成英语：正和我父亲握手的那个人是警察。
你昨天遇见的那位漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。
这就是那位文明世界的科学家。
桂林是座具有2000年历史的城市。
这就是我出生的地方。
Answers:The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
The pretty girl (whom) you met yesterday is my sister.
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.
Gulin is a city which/that has a history of 2,000 years.
This is the place where I was born.关系副词与关系代词 when, which/that Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in the US?
(宾语)
Do you still remember the days when
(时间状语)
we spent the summer holidays in the US?It’s the third time ______ you have arrived late this month.
Each time ______ they met they would talk long hours together.
Mrs John will never forget the two weeks _________ she spent with her two children in Japan.
Octor 1 is the day __________ we Chinese people will never forget.thatwhenWhich/thatWhich/that关系副词与关系代词where, which/that This is the place where he works.
(地点状语)
This is the place which/that we visited last month . (宾语)I know the place ______ we can have a quiet talk.
I can still remember the sitting-room ______ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
The orphan came from Henan province, ______ is far from here.
Qingdao is the most satisfactory place ______ we’re going to visit.
Is this the place ______ Lenin once lived.wherewherewhichthatwhereA room ______ we do experiments is a lab.
This is the biggest laboratory ______ we have ever built in our school.
The beautiful village ,______ we spent our holiday last year, lies at the foot of a mountain.
wherethatwhere关系代词前带介词的定语从句：关系代词which, whom 在定语从句中做介词的宾语时，从句常由“介词+which/whom” 引出，且which, whom 不可省略。这类从句中的介词也可在句尾，此时关系代词可用which, that, whom 口语中也可用who， 且可省略。
Great changes are taking place in the city _________ they live.
This is the teacher ____________we’ve learnt a lot.
in whichfrom whom1.The policeman found the knife ______ he killed his wife.
A. with which B. which C. by which D.x
2.In class the teacher asked me many questions most of ______ I couldn’t answered.
there B. those C. that D. which
3.The old man has 4 sons, all of ______ died during the War.
A. them B. which C. whom D. thatRecently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,______ was very reasonable.
A.which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
The pen, ______ I paid 2 dollars, was lost.
which B. that C. for which D. to which关系代词as引导的定语从句：As 也可以做关系代词，既可以单独引出定语从句，又可与主句中的the same或such 相呼应，从句中的谓语动词常省略。
We jumped for joy at the news, as was natural.
We do the same work as they (do).
He is not the same as he was.
I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using.AS引导的非限定性定语从句:指代住句的整个内容
As is known to all, Edison invented the telephone.
= Edison invented the telephone, as is known to all.
= Edison ,as is known to all, invented the telephone.
As anybody can see, as is well-known, as we had excepted, as often happens, as has been said before, as is mentioned above…
与which引导的非限定性定语从句的区别；
He turned out to be very successful, which was more than we could expect.(Which引导的只放句尾）1.The houses are sold at such a low price ______ people expected.
A.like B. as C. that D. which
2. ______ is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. which
Why引导的定语从句
This is the reason ______ he was late for school.
The reason ______ he told me yesterday is an excuse.whyWhich/that关系代词that,which的区别：Which可引导非限定性定语从句，that 则不能
Which之前可有介词，that 之前则不能有介词。
That, which 都指物时，在以下情况下只能用that,不能用which.
1.当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything much, little, few 等不定代词时。
That is all that I want to say.``
2.先行词前有only,any,few,little,no,all,very等词修饰时;
3.当先行词是形容词最高级时或它的前面有形容词最高级时；
4.先行词是序数词或之前有序数词;
5.先行词既有人又有物;
6.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时;
7.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that;
8.当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系词也在句中作表语.Exercises:
1.Do you have anything ______ you want to say for yourself?
2.You should hand in all ______ you have.
3.This is the very book ______ I am looking for.
4.The only thing ______ we can do is to give you some money.
5.This is the best ______ has been used against pollution.
6.This is the most interesting film ______ I’ve ever seen.
7.This train is the last ______ will go to Suzhou.What is the first American film ______ you have seen?
Do you the things and persons ______ they are talking about?
Which is the bike ______ you lost?
Who is the boy ______ won the gold medal?
They secretly built up a small factory which produced things ______ could cause pollution.
Shang is no longer the city ______ it used to be .
Translate the following sentences我把我父亲给我的钢笔弄丢了.
2.住在这所房子里的那个男人是一位科学家.
3.实验室在教学楼的南面.学生们经常在这里做实验.I have lost the pen(which/that )my father bought meThe man who lives in this room is a scientist.The lab, where the students often do experiments, is to the south of the classroombuilding,.4. 我通过了所有考试.这件事使我父母很高兴.
5.正如上文所提到,电脑也有许多不好之处.I have passed all the exams, which makes my parents very happy.AS is mentioned above, computers also have a lot of disadvantages.7.我永远记得她和我分手的那一天．
8. 他不知道小明为什么去了法国.I will remember the day for ever, when she left me.He doesn’t know the reason why XiaoMing left for France.定语之难点二：分词做定语作定语用的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰的词的前面；过去分词短语做定语，则放在被修饰的词的后面。过去分词表示已经的,或被动的.
boiled water 开水
Spoken English 英语口语
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
This is a book written by a peasant.作定语用的现在分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面；如果是现在分词短语，则放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。现在分词表示主动的,或正在进行的. running water 自来水 flying fish 飞鱼 This is a very interesting book. The girl standing there is my sister. = The girl who is standing there is my sister.用分词作定语翻译下列词组1.正在变化着的世界
2.已经起了变化的世界
3.一个感人的故事
4.一个受到感动的学生
5.发达国家
6.发展中国家
7.去年建的桥
8.正在被建的桥
9.王教授作的演讲
10.教我们英语的老师1.the changing world
2.the changed world
3.a moving story
4.a moved student
5.a developed country
6. a developing country
7.a bridge built last year
8.a bridge being built
9.a speech given by Professor Wang
10. the teacher teaching us English不定式作定语用不定式作定语的几种情况：
1．表将来：
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.
2．修饰序数词，最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词。
He was the best man to do the job.
Children and women were the first to get into the lifeboats.
3.修饰抽象名词ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,answer,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。
Do you have the ability to read and write English?
I have no chance to go sightseeing.不定式，现在分词，过去分词作定语的区别过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前
现在分词被动式表示的动作正在发生或与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生
不定式的被动式表示一个未来的动作
Have you read the novel written by Dickens?
He is a man loved and respected by all.
Listen! The song being sung is very popular.
The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.
2. China is a developing country.
3. This is the bridge built last year.
4.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
5.There are the thirty women teachers in our school.
6.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.
7.More than thirty students in our class have read the book.
8.You should follow the doctor’s advice and do more exercises.
9.Who is the girl in red?
10.The man in the room below is friendly.
11.There is nothing that worries him.
12. I will remember the day when I first met her.定语的定义：修饰名词或代词的词，短语或从句称为定语。定语的表现形式：形容词
现在分词,过去分词（短语）
不定式
动名词
名词
数词
名词所有格
介词短语
副词（多位于被修饰词之后）
从句定语之难点一：定语从句定义：在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中的名词或代词的从句成为定语从句，被修的名词或代词称为先行词。
限定性定语从句
定语从句
非限定性定语从句Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?
A dictionary is a book which/ that gives the meaning of the words.
Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father’s.
He gave his mother a color YV set for her birthday, which pleases her a lot.定语从句的关系词定语从句一般位于先行词的后面，定语从句有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as 和关系副词 when, where, why 等引导。关系代词和关系副词在从句中担当成分，当关系代词做定语从句的主语时，其后的位于动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。请填上恰当的关联词并将下列句子翻译成汉语。Those _____ wish to go to the park must be at the gate by 7:50 a.m.
The film star _______ you wish to see has come.
Nobody wants the house ______ roof has fallen in.
A dictionary is a book ___________ gives the meaning of the words.
There is a film ___________ I’d like to see. who(whom)whosewhich/that(which/that)October 1,1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
Is this the room ______ we were living last winter?
I don’t know the reason _____ she looks unhappy today.whenwherewhy请讲下列句子翻译成英语：正和我父亲握手的那个人是警察。
你昨天遇见的那位漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。
这就是那位文明世界的科学家。
桂林是座具有2000年历史的城市。
这就是我出生的地方。
Answers:The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
The pretty girl (whom) you met yesterday is my sister.
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.
Gulin is a city which/that has a history of 2,000 years.
This is the place where I was born.关系副词与关系代词 when, which/that Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in the US?
(宾语)
Do you still remember the days when
(时间状语)
we spent the summer holidays in the US?It’s the third time ______ you have arrived late this month.
Each time ______ they met they would talk long hours together.
Mrs John will never forget the two weeks _________ she spent with her two children in Japan.
Octor 1 is the day __________ we Chinese people will never forget.thatwhenWhich/thatWhich/that关系副词与关系代词where, which/that This is the place where he works.
(地点状语)
This is the place which/that we visited last month . (宾语)I know the place ______ we can have a quiet talk.
I can still remember the sitting-room ______ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
The orphan came from Henan province, ______ is far from here.
Qingdao is the most satisfactory place ______ we’re going to visit.
Is this the place ______ Lenin once lived.wherewherewhichthatwhereA room ______ we do experiments is a lab.
This is the biggest laboratory ______ we have ever built in our school.
The beautiful village ,______ we spent our holiday last year, lies at the foot of a mountain.
wherethatwhere关系代词前带介词的定语从句：关系代词which, whom 在定语从句中做介词的宾语时，从句常由“介词+which/whom” 引出，且which, whom 不可省略。这类从句中的介词也可在句尾，此时关系代词可用which, that, whom 口语中也可用who， 且可省略。
Great changes are taking place in the city _________ they live.
This is the teacher ____________we’ve learnt a lot.
in whichfrom whom1.The policeman found the knife ______ he killed his wife.
A. with which B. which C. by which D.x
2.In class the teacher asked me many questions most of ______ I couldn’t answered.
there B. those C. that D. which
3.The old man has 4 sons, all of ______ died during the War.
A. them B. which C. whom D. thatRecently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,______ was very reasonable.
A.which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
The pen, ______ I paid 2 dollars, was lost.
which B. that C. for which D. to which关系代词as引导的定语从句：As 也可以做关系代词，既可以单独引出定语从句，又可与主句中的the same或such 相呼应，从句中的谓语动词常省略。
We jumped for joy at the news, as was natural.
We do the same work as they (do).
He is not the same as he was.
I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using.AS引导的非限定性定语从句:指代住句的整个内容
As is known to all, Edison invented the telephone.
= Edison invented the telephone, as is known to all.
= Edison ,as is known to all, invented the telephone.
As anybody can see, as is well-known, as we had excepted, as often happens, as has been said before, as is mentioned above…
与which引导的非限定性定语从句的区别；
He turned out to be very successful, which was more than we could expect.(Which引导的只放句尾）1.The houses are sold at such a low price ______ people expected.
A.like B. as C. that D. which
2. ______ is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. which
Why引导的定语从句
This is the reason ______ he was late for school.
The reason ______ he told me yesterday is an excuse.whyWhich/that关系代词that,which的区别：Which可引导非限定性定语从句，that 则不能
Which之前可有介词，that 之前则不能有介词。
That, which 都指物时，在以下情况下只能用that,不能用which.
1.当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything much, little, few 等不定代词时。
That is all that I want to say.``
2.先行词前有only,any,few,little,no,all,very等词修饰时;
3.当先行词是形容词最高级时或它的前面有形容词最高级时；
4.先行词是序数词或之前有序数词;
5.先行词既有人又有物;
6.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时;
7.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that;
8.当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系词也在句中作表语.Exercises:
1.Do you have anything ______ you want to say for yourself?
2.You should hand in all ______ you have.
3.This is the very book ______ I am looking for.
4.The only thing ______ we can do is to give you some money.
5.This is the best ______ has been used against pollution.
6.This is the most interesting film ______ I’ve ever seen.
7.This train is the last ______ will go to Suzhou.What is the first American film ______ you have seen?
Do you the things and persons ______ they are talking about?
Which is the bike ______ you lost?
Who is the boy ______ won the gold medal?
They secretly built up a small factory which produced things ______ could cause pollution.
Shang is no longer the city ______ it used to be .
Translate the following sentences我把我父亲给我的钢笔弄丢了.
2.住在这所房子里的那个男人是一位科学家.
3.实验室在教学楼的南面.学生们经常在这里做实验.I have lost the pen(which/that )my father bought meThe man who lives in this room is a scientist.The lab, where the students often do experiments, is to the south of the classroombuilding,.4. 我通过了所有考试.这件事使我父母很高兴.
5.正如上文所提到,电脑也有许多不好之处.I have passed all the exams, which makes my parents very happy.AS is mentioned above, computers also have a lot of disadvantages.7.我永远记得她和我分手的那一天．
8. 他不知道小明为什么去了法国.I will remember the day for ever, when she left me.He doesn’t know the reason why XiaoMing left for France.定语之难点二：分词做定语作定语用的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰的词的前面；过去分词短语做定语，则放在被修饰的词的后面。过去分词表示已经的,或被动的.
boiled water 开水
Spoken English 英语口语
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
This is a book written by a peasant.作定语用的现在分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面；如果是现在分词短语，则放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。现在分词表示主动的,或正在进行的. running water 自来水 flying fish 飞鱼 This is a very interesting book. The girl standing there is my sister. = The girl who is standing there is my sister.用分词作定语翻译下列词组1.正在变化着的世界
2.已经起了变化的世界
3.一个感人的故事
4.一个受到感动的学生
5.发达国家
6.发展中国家
7.去年建的桥
8.正在被建的桥
9.王教授作的演讲
10.教我们英语的老师1.the changing world
2.the changed world
3.a moving story
4.a moved student
5.a developed country
6. a developing country
7.a bridge built last year
8.a bridge being built
9.a speech given by Professor Wang
10. the teacher teaching us English不定式作定语用不定式作定语的几种情况：
1．表将来：
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.
2．修饰序数词，最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词。
He was the best man to do the job.
Children and women were the first to get into the lifeboats.
3.修饰抽象名词ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,answer,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。
Do you have the ability to read and write English?
I have no chance to go sightseeing.不定式，现在分词，过去分词作定语的区别过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前
现在分词被动式表示的动作正在发生或与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生
不定式的被动式表示一个未来的动作
Have you read the novel written by Dickens?
He is a man loved and respected by all.
Listen! The song being sung is very popular.
The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.