高中英语语法全套19个课件[上学期]

课件9张PPT。“it”的用法1、代替前文提到的事、物
a. My dictionary is missing. I can’t find it anywhere.
b. The elephant is very strong. It is from Africa.
c. Tom has failed in the exam. Have you heard about it?
2、指人但不知道其性别
a. ---Who is it? ---It’s me.
b. When I first saw the baby, it was in a big basket under a tall tree.
3、代替this, that
a. ---What’s this? ---It’s a computer.
b. ---Whose bicycle is that? ---It’s hers.
4、表示时间、季节、距离、自然现象等
a. It is half past eight now. b. It is October 1 today. It is National Day.
c. It is midsummer. It’s very hot outside.
d. It is twenty minutes’ walk to the cinema.
e. It is blowing very hard.
f. It is very quiet at night in the countryside.
5、作形式主语
a. It is necessary for us to learn English well.
b. It is a waste of time arguing with him.
c. It has not been decided whether some soldiers will be sent to Iraq.
6、作形式宾语
a. I consider it necessary to master a foreign language. b. We found it useless learning a theory without practice.
7、强调句: It is / was … who / that …
I hid the ball behind the door yesterday.
主语谓语宾语
状语
地点状语
时间
1) It was I who hid the ball behind the door yesterday.
2) It was the ball that I hid behind the door yesterday.
3) It was behind the door that I hid the ball yesterday.
4) It was yesterday that I hid the ball behind the door.
5) I did hide the ball behind the door yesterday.
He likes skating very much.
1) It is he who likes skating very much.
2) It is skating that he likes very much.1. We found ____ interesting to talk with foreigners.

it2. It was in 1980 ______ he was born.that3. This experiment will make ______ possible to discover the secret in space.it4. ---Listen! Someone is unlocking the door.
---___ must be your father coming back from BJ. It 5. It is a pity _____ you didn’t see the film star.that6. It was in this shop ______ I bought the computer. that7. It is _____ , not you, who am going to do the job.I 8. Where was ____ that he found the wallet?it9. Was it yesterday ______ he lost his bike?that1. It was in 1941 _____ the great writer was born.
A. when B. where C. which D. that 2. I think it is you who ______ wrong.
A. is B. are C. am D. be3. It is I who _____ going to help those poor children.
A. is B. are C. be D. am4. Don’t you think ____ wrong wasting your time?
A. it B. that C. this D. how 5. It was in this factory _____ my father used to work.
A. it B. that C. where D. which6. ____ won’t be long before we meet again.
A. This B. It C. That D. Which DBDA BB 7. I find ___ difficult to complete the task on schedule.
A. that B. it C. very D. myself8. It was ____ late in the evening that her husband arrived home.
A. after B. when C. till D. not until9. She wants to know if it is 600 miles an hour ____ the newest planes can go.
A. which B. that C. it D. how10. It was about twenty years ____ she waited for him.
A. since B. before C. after D. that11. It will be twenty days ___ they complete the work.
A. since B. before C. after D. thatBDBDB12. When was _____ he made up his mind to take a trip to Europe?
A. it B. that C. it that D. that is13. He felt ___ to work for human rights and progress.
A. it his duty B. his duty
C. that is a duty D. that is his duty14. Was it during the Second World War ___ he died?
A. that B. while C. in which D. then15. The Parkers bought a new house but ____ will need a lot of work before they can move in. (MET 01)
A. they B. it C. one D. which16. It is the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are. (2000)
A. one B. that C. what D. itCA AB B17. ---Why don’t we take a little break?
---Didn’t we just have ____ ? (2000)
A. it B. that C. one D. this
18. I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. these D. them (98)19. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _____ didn’t help. (93)
A. he B. which C. she D. it20. I don’t think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. (90)
A. this B. that C. its D. it21. Is ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?
A. now B. that C. it D. man CADDC课件15张PPT。主谓一致谓语的单、复数形式要与主语一致1、用 and 连接两个名词作主语时，谓语用复数
a. Mr. Clinton and Mr. Bush are having a talk.
b. The headmaster and the maths teacher are going to attend the meeting.
c. What he said and what he did have greatly encouraged his classmates.
注：当两个名词指同一概念时，谓语用单数
a. The singer and dancer comes from Hong Kong.
b. A worker and writer is going to give us a talk.
2、and 连接的并列单数主语前有 every, each 修饰时，谓语用单数
a. Every boy and every girl studies very hard.
b. Each boy and each girl has an English book. 3、主语后接 with, together with, like, along with, as well as, but 等时，可将其忽视，谓语与主语一致
a. The teacher, with his students, is doing exercise on the playground.
b. She as well as her parents goes out for a walk after supper every evening.
c. Nobody but the students is in the classroom.
d. The animal, like dogs and cats, is raised as pet.
4、There be 句式中，谓语与最近的主语一致
a. There is a chair and some desks in the room.
b. There are some desks and a chair in the room.5、由 not only…but also…, or, either… or…,
not… but…, neither…nor… 连接两个并列主语时，谓语形式与最近一个一致
a. Either you or I am wrong.
b. Neither the students nor their teacher knows anything about it.
c. Not only the children but also their father likes playing games.
d. Not you but I am to blame.
6、 each, either, neither, many a, more than one作主语时，谓语用单数
a. Each of us has a dictionary.
比较：We each have a dictionary. b. Neither of them has finished reading the book.
c. Either of the stories is interesting.
d. Many a boy likes playing football.
e. More than one person has read that book.
7、family, class, group, team 作主语时，指整体谓语用单数，指成员个体谓语用复数
a. My family has moved into the new house.
My family are all sports lovers.
b. Our class is having a meeting.
Our class were all present at the meeting.
c. This group is larger than that one.
This group are reading English now.8、police, people, cattle 作主语，谓语用复数
a. The police are searching for the murderer.
b. The people in that city are very friendly.
9、时间、重量、金钱、距离作主语，谓语用单数
a. Two hours is enough for us to do the work.
b. Ten dollars is too cheap for this pair of shoes.
c. One hundred miles was covered in a single day.
d. 10 pounds is about 4.53 kilograms.
10、population 作主语，谓语用单数，但有分数修饰时，谓语用复数
a. The population of China is much larger than that of America.
b. One third of the population are workers.
但：Over two thirds of the surface of the earth is covered with water.11、the number of … 作主语，谓语用单数
a number of… 作主语，谓语用复数
a. The number of students who apply for the university has been stored in the computer.
b. A number of students have learned how to drive.
12、不定式、动名词、从句作主语，谓语用单数
a. To learn English well is not easy.
b. Reading without understanding means wasting time.
c. Who will be sent there has not been decided.
13、某些形容词、过去分词前加 the，表一类人，谓语用复数
a. The blind have good hearings.
b. The wounded have been taken to the hospital.14、先行词是 one of…, 定语从句谓语用复数；
先行词是 the only one of…, 定语从句谓语用单数
a. I am one of the students who have passed the exams.
b. I am the only one of the students who has passed the exams.
15、定语从句中关系词作主语时，谓语的单、复数由先行词决定
a. The man who lives downstairs speaks English very well.
b. The students who are in Grade Three have finished learning the textbooks.
c. The book which is about the universe has been sold out. 1. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another. (89)
A. is B. are C. am D. be2. A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift. (90)
A. is offered B. has offered
C. are offered D. have offered3. When and where to build the new factory _______ yet. (91)
A. is not decided B. are not decided
C. has not decided D. have not decided4. All but one _______ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were BAAD5. My dictionary as well as the two grammar books _____ still new after being used for years.
A. looks B. look C. was looked D. have looked6. The schoolmaster and secretary ______ present at the meeting yesterday.
A. was B. were C. had been D. have been7. ______ have been burnt during the fire.
A. More than one book B. A good number books
C. Many a book D. A great many books8. The class _____ big. Now the class _____ practicing swimming.
A. are; are B. is; is C. is; are D. are; isAADC9. I, who ___ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study.
A. is B. am C. are D. were10. Nothing but stamps and envelopes _______ for sale.
A. are B. is C. are left D. remain11. The teacher with a number of students ______ in the classroom.
A. are B. are talking C. stay D. is12. Every student and every teacher ____ in the room when it snowed.
A. was B. were C. have been D. were singingBBDA13. He is one of the students who _____ passed the exam.
A. has B. have C. had D. is14. She is the only one of my classmates who _____ passed the entrance exam.
A. has B. have C. had D. are15. Your clothes fit you well, but mine ______ .
A. don’t B. doesn’t C. isn’t D. aren’t16. Whether Tom comes or not ______ not known.
A. has B. have C. is D. are 17. The singer and dancer _______ our party this weekend.
A. is to attend B. are going to attend
C. is about to attend D. were to attend BAA CA18. He has given away many books. _____ there any left?
A. Is B. Has C. Are D. Have19. An iron works _______ now.
A. is being built B. are being built
C. has built D. had been built 20. He like you and Xiao Ming _______ to the concert.
A. was invited B. were invited to go
C. are inviting D. is to invite21. What he says and what he does _____ not agree.
A. does B. do C. did D. are
22. You as well _______ right.
A. I are B. I am C. as I am D. as I are C A AB D23. He tried many a _______ , but I think _______ not enough.
A. time; it is B. times; they are
C. times; that is D. time; which
24. Mary came to see the mountain village and _____ .
A. stayed enjoying it B. stayed to enjoy him
C. stayed to enjoy it D. stays enjoy the village 25. Either of you _____ going there tonight.
A. will B. was C. is D. are 26. One and a half bananas ______ left on the table.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
27. Four thousand dollars ___ more than she can afford.
A. are B. is C. was D. were A C C A B28. The number of students in our school _____ nearly 1,000. And a number of them _____ League Members.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; isA
课件12张PPT。1. ---Do you mind my taking this seat?
---_____________ .
A. Yes, sit down please B. No, of course not
C. Yes, take it please D. No, you can’t take it 2. Don’t smoke in the meeting-room, _____ you?
A. do B. will C. can D. could 3. ---Hi, I’m very glad to see you.
---_____________ .
A. Thank you B. Me, too
C. My name is Mary D. I’m glad to hear that 4. ---Hello. May I speak to Zhang Hua?
---Yes, ________ .
A. My name’s Zhang Hua B. I’m Zhang Hua
C. This is Zhang Hua speaking D. Zhang Hua’s me5. ---Have a nice weekend!
---__________ .
A. The same to you B. You do too
C. The same as you D. You have it too6. ---Please don’t make a noise.
---_____. I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.
A. Yes, I won’t B. No, I won’t
C. No, I will D. Yes, I will 7. ---Let me introduce myself, I’m Albert.
---____________ .
A. What a pleasure B. It’s my pleasure
C. Pleased to meet you D. I’m very pleased8. ---How’s the young man?
---____________ .
A. He’s twenty B. He’s a doctor
C. He’s much better D. He’s David9. ---Hi, haven’t seen you for ages! You look fine.
---______ . You look well too.
A. Great B. Thanks C. Oh, no D. Not at all 10. ---Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---__________ .
A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t11. ---I’m sorry I broke your mirror.
---Oh, really? __________ .
A. It’s OK with me B. It doesn’t matter
C. Don’t be sorry D. I don’t care12. ---Can I help you, sir?
---Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it __ .
A. didn’t work B. won’t work
C. can’t work D. doesn’t work 13. ---Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?
---_________ .
A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you could
C. Yes, help yourself D. Yes, go on14. ---I’d like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr. Smith.
---____________ .
A. Oh, no. Let’s not
B. I’d rather stay at home
C. I’m very sorry, but I have other plans
D. Oh, no. That’ll be too much trouble 15. ---Is this raincoat yours?
---No, mine ____ there behind the door.
A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung16. --Thank you ever so much for the book you sent me.
--___________ .
A. No, thanks B. I’m glad you like it
C. Please don’t say so D. No, it’s not so good17. ---Would you do me a favor and give me a ride?
---___________ .
A. Yes, that’s right B. No trouble
C. Never mind D. With pleasure 18. ---__________ .
---Thank you, I certainly will.
A. Happy birthday to you
B. Let me help you with your maths
C. Please remember me to your mum
D. Don’t forget to post the letter19. ---Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
---I’m afraid ____ day is possible.
A. either B. neither C. some D. any20. ---You haven’t been to Beijing, have you?
---_____. How I wish to go there!
A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven’t
C. No, I have D. No, I haven’t 21. ---Can I get you a cup of tea?
---_________ .
A. That’s very nice of you B. With pleasure
C. You can, please D. Thank you for the tea22. ---I had a really good weekend at my uncle’s.
---___________ .
A. Oh, that’s very nice of you
B. Congratulations
C. It’s a pleasure
D. Oh, I’m glad to hear that 23. ---Alice, you feed the bird today, _____ ?
---But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you24. ---What about having a drink?
---__________ .
A. Good idea B. Help yourself
C. Go ahead, please D. Me, too25. ---Waiter!
---__________ ?
---I can’t eat this. It’s too salty.
A. Yes, sir B. What C. All right D. Pardon 26. ---Write to me when you get home.
---__________ .
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can27. ---Why haven’t you bought any butter?
---I _______ to but I forgot about it.
A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected28. ---Good morning, Grand Hotel.
---Hello, I’d like to book a room for the night of the 18th and 19th.
---_____________ .
A. What can I do for you B. Just a minute, please
C. What’s the matter D. At your service 29. ---What did you think of her speech?
---She ____ for one hour but didn’t ____ much.
A. spoke; speak B. spoke; say
C. said; speak D. said; say30. ---How do you like your English teacher?
---___________ .
A. Yes, I like him very much B. No, I don’t like him
C. I like him D. He is very kind31. ---He is not a friend of yours, is he?
---____ , I have never seen him before.
A. No, he isn’t B. No, he is
C. Yes, he is D. Yes, he isn’t 32. ---Victor looks unhappy.
---Yes, he always _____ our success.
A. cheers B. envies C. admires D. stops33. ---What did you say?
---So you _____ to me.
A. won’t listen B. weren’t listening
C. didn’t listen D. haven’t listened 34. ---Shall we go and have dinner in a restaurant?
---______ . It’s too expensive.
A. Why not B. I agree
C. I’m afraid not D. I’m sure 课件12张PPT。介词与连词1. _____ he comes, we won’t be able to go.
A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even2. He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
A. on B. at C. in D. during3. Does John know any other foreign languages _____ French?
A. except B. but C. besides D. beside4. We must get up early tomorrow, _____ we’ll miss the first bus to the Great Wall.
A. so B. or C. but D. however 5. I hurried ____ I wouldn’t be late for class.
A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless 6. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. While D. As7. _____ she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless8. Although he is considered a great writer, _____ his works are not widely read.
A. X B. but C. however D. still9. The doctor will be free ___________ . (92)
A. 10 minutes later B. after 10 minutes
C. in 10 minutes D. 10 minutes after10. It was not _____ she took off her glasses ______ I realized she was a famous film star. (92)
A. when; that B. until; that
C. until; when D. when; then 11. _____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That12. It worried her a bit _____ her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for13. You will be late ______ you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. if D. or14. Did you have trouble _____ the post office?
A. to have found B. with finding
C. to find D. in finding15. If you keep on, you’ll succeed _____________ .
A. in time B. at one time
C. at the same time D. on time 16. ---I don’t like chicken _____ fish.
---I don’t like chicken, ____ I like fish very much.
A. and; and B. and; but C. or; and D. or; but17. We offered him our congratulations ____ his passing the college entrance exams.
A. at B. on C. for D. of18. ---What was the party like?
---Wonderful. It’s years _____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. after B. before C. when D. since19. ---Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
---I’d like to, ____ I’m too busy.
A. and B. so C. as D. but 20. ---How long has this bookshop been in business?
---__________ 1982.
A. After B. In C. From D. Since21. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _____ Father was away in France.
A. as B. that C. during D. if22. It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcasts began.
A. while B. which C. that D. since23. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ___, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A. whom B. where C. which D. while ?24. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise25. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _____ great it is.
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever26. ---Do you remember ____ he came?
---Yes, I do, he came by car.
A. how B. when C. that D. if27. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when 28. ____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have.
A. What; what B. What; that
C. That; that D. That; what29. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _____ in the forest.
A. once they grew B. they grew once
C. that once grew D. once grew30. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever31. The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station ____ 5:40 p.m. at the latest.
A. until B. after C. by D. around 32. After the war, a new school building was put up ____ there had once been a theatre.
A. that B. where C. which D. when33. ---I’m going to the post office.
---____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?
A. As B. While C. Because D. If34. Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard ____ , you failed.
A. in the end B. after all
C. in other words D. at the same time35. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _____ I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since C. until D. before 36. ______ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Though37. I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some ______ .
A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time38. The man will have to wait all day ______ the doctor works faster.
A. if B. unless C. whether D. that39. ---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
---Yes, I gave it to her __________ I saw her.
A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once 40. In that case, there is nothing you can do _____ than wait.
A. more B. other C. better D. any41. The home improvements have taken what little there is ____ my spare time.
A. from B. in C. of D. at42. I wonder if I can ask him _____ time.
A. four B. fourth C. the fourth D. a fourth43. The earth is nearly _______ the moon.
A. 50 time the size of B. 50 times the size of
C. 50 times as size as D. 50 times as that of 44. There are _______ birds over the lake. How great!
A. two millions B. hundreds of millions of
C. three million of D. thousands of million of45. Reading is _____ the mind what exercise is ______ the body.
A. to; with B. for; to C. to; to D. with; with 课件27张PPT。代词(Pronoun)
I
me
we
us
you
you
you
you
he
him
she
her
it
it
they
them
人
称格数主格作主语，宾格作宾语：2. (I, Him, She) wanted to go there with (me, he, they)(She, Her, Me, Him) often helps (we, I, us, he).
3. All of (we, us, her, him, they) are workers.4. Tom and (I, her, them) are good friends.5. (They, Them) all came from Canada.6. ---(Her, He) likes playing guitar.
---So (he, she, him) does and so does (me, she, him)7. (She, Her, Us) is much taller than (him, his, he).8. All of (us, we, they) wanted to look after (she, him).物主代词
my
mine我的
your
yours你的
his
his他的
her
hers她的
its
its它的
our
ours我们
的
your
yours你们
的
their
theirs他们
的用法：1、形容词性物主代词后必须跟名词
It is my book.
2、名词性物主代词后不能跟名词
The book is mine. 1. (Mine, His, Hers) father is a doctor. (Your, Yours,
Her, My) is a cook.
2. These books are (their, ours, her). (Theirs, Your)
are over there.3. (Yours, My, Hers) pen isn’t here. May I use (mine,
yours, her)?4. (We, Ours, Their) classroom is bigger than (my,
ours, us). But (ours, our, their) is bigger than (you,
your, yours).5. This book is (her, hers, she). (I, Mine, My, Me) is missing. Please lend me (you, your, yours) 6. A friend of (me, my, mine, I) came to see me yesterday.myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselvesThe old man can look after himself.
老人能够照顾自己。2. She opened the door for me herself.她亲自为我开门。3. You’d better ask your father himself.你最好问一下你父亲本人。4. You’d better ask your father yourself.
你最好亲自问你父亲。
5. Please help yourself to some fish.请吃些鱼肉吧。（自己取）不定代词
1. some、any
1) some 用于肯定句、any 用于否定句和疑问句
a.---Do you have any tea?
---No. I don’t have any tea. But I have some milk.
b.---Are there any apples in the boxes?
---No. There aren't any apples. But there are some oranges.
2) some 可以用于疑问句
A. 表示请求或邀请; B. 期望对方给予肯定回答
a. Would you like some coffee? （邀请）
b. Mum, could you give me some money?
（请求，希望能得到） 3) any 用于肯定句表示“任何” (总量≥3)
a. You may take any of the books.
b. You can get it in any shop.
4) some 后接单数名词时表示“某个”
a. I found that book in some box.
b. I have read it in some magazine.
5) some 接数词表示“大约” some thirty years ago2. both 两者都 neither 两者都不 either 两者中任何一个
all 都 (总量≥3) none 没有、都不(总量≥3)
1) Both of his parents are doctors.
他父母都是医生。
2) Both of his parents are not doctors.
他父母不都是医生。
3) Neither of his parents is a doctor.
他父母都不是医生。4) ---Which end shall I sit on the boat?
---You can take either end.
5) All the students are here.
所有的学生都在这。
6) All the students are not here.
所有的学生不都在这。
7) None of the students are here.
所有的学生都不在这。
(1) ---Do you want tea or coffee?
---_____ . I really don’t mind.
A. Both B. None C. Either D. NeitherC(2) ---Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
---I’m afraid ____ day is possible.
A. either B. neither C. any D. noneB(3) They were all very tired, but ____ of them would
stop to take a rest.
A. any B. some C. none D. neither
C(4) I invited Tom and Ann to dinner, but _______ of
them came.
A. neither B. both C. either D. noneA3. little a little
很少（几乎没有） 有一点
few a few quite a few
很少（几乎没有） 有几个 相当多
不可数名词可数名词1) Please hurry! There is _________ time left. 2) Don’t worry! There is still _________ time left. 3) I had _____ friends there when I was in America, so I had to do everything myself.littlea littlefew4) I had _________ friends there when I was in America, so we often ate together.
Bb. ---Could you lend me some ink?
---Sorry, I have ______ .
A. little B. a little C. some D. a full bottleAc. I don’t know all the students, I only know ____ of
them.
A. few B. a few C. quite a few D. a littleBa. ---Would you like some wine?
---Yes, just _______ .
A. little B. a little C. few D. a fewa few5) He knows ____________ English words, so his English is very good.quite a fewd. ---Are the new rules working?
---Yes. ____ books are stolen.
A. Few B. Some C. None D. Quite a few
Ae. I can’t buy any bread. Because I have ___ money left.
A. some B. little C. a little D. muchBf. ____ people can live to 100 years, but ____ can live to 150 years.
A. Few; few B. A few; few
C. Few; a few D. Few; quite a fewB4. many 很多
much 很多
可数名词不可数名词Many people can speak English in China.
There is much water left in the bottle.5. something ——肯定句 anything ——否定、疑问
everything nothing
1) I have something important to tell you.
2) ---Do you have anything to say for yourself?
---No, nothing.
3) Have you got everything ready?
4) I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with __________.
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothingA
6. somebody = someone anybody = anyone
everybody = everyone nobody = no one
1) Somebody is knocking at the door. Go and see who it is.
2) ---Has anyone called for me?
---No, no one.
3) ---Is everybody here?
---No, Tom is not here.
7. each (指两个或两个以上的人或物，强调个体)
(做主语、宾语、定语、同位语)
every (指三个或三个以上的人或物，强调整体)
(只能做定语)
1) Every student in our class has a Chinese dictionary.
（定语：强调“所有的人”） 2) Each student in our class has an English dictionary.
（定语：强调“各个个体”）
3) The teacher gave each of the students a new book.
4) Each of us has two English books.
5) We each have a maths book and a Chinese book.
6) _______ side of the river has a tall tree.Each 8. the other （两者中的）另一个
one…the other…(一个……另一个)
a. I have two brothers, one is a doctor, the other is a cook.
b. On one side of the river stood a handsome young man, and on the other side a pretty young woman.
the others （两组中的）另一些
I have some apples, one is red, the others are green.
the other 可接名词，单、复数均可 the others 不接名词
a. On one hand is a pigeon, in the other (hand) is an olive branch.
b. In our class, ten students are boys, the others (the other students) are girls. other + 复数名词 = others （其他的）
a. There are many people in the park, some are singing, others (other people) are dancing.
b. Do you have any other questions?
c. I don’t like this tie, show me some others, please.
d. We should help others, especially the disabled.
other + 单数名词 （其他的）
China is bigger than any other country in Asia.
another （三者或三者以上中的）另一个
This shirt is too small. Please show me another.
another 可接单数可数名词或数词(+复数名词)
a. Would you like another cup of coffee?
b. The little girl made her dress dirty and had to change into another one. c. We are short of hands. Please send another ten.
d. She’ll have to be in hospital for another two days.
each other 相互
We should learn from each other.
the other day 几天前 every other (day) 每隔（一天）
1) ---Have you finished your report yet?
---No, I’ll finish it in _____ ten minutes.
A. another B. other C. others D. moreA2) I don’t like this kind of color, will you show me ___.
A. any B. one C. another D. each
C3) Forty percent of the students in our class are boys,
____ are girls.
A. the others B. others C. another D. the otherA4) Some people like to stay at home on Sunday but
____ like to go to the cinema.
A. another B. other C. others D. the otherC9. it 代替前文提到的单数可数名词（同名同物）
This book is very useful. Do you want it?
one 代替前文提到的单数可数名词（同名异物）
This book is very useful. Do you want one.
ones 代替前文提到的复数可数名词（同名异物）
These books are more interesting than those ones.
that 代替前文出现的不可数名词
a. The population of China is much larger than that of Japan.
b. The water in the well is cleaner than that in the river.
c. In winter, the weather is much colder in Beijing than that in Hong Kong. those 代替前文提到的复数可数名词
The people sitting in the front can see more clearly than those in the back.

1. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _______ .
A. it B. those C. that D. one2. ---Why don’t we have a little break?
---Didn’t we just have ______ ?
A. it B. that C. one D. thisDC3. They kept one black dog and two yellow _____ .
A. one B. it C. that D. onesD4. Mary’s advice is more important than ______ of
Peter.
A. one B. this C. that D. itC5. ---Do you have a camera?
---No. But my father has _____ . He just bought
____ a week ago.
A. one; one B. it; it C. one; it D. it; one 6. ---Did you find your bike last week?
---No, I didn’t find ____, and I’ve bought _____.
A. it; another B. that; it C. one; it D. it; it 7. ____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who8. ---Have you seen Tom and Mary?
---I haven’t seen ________ of them.
A. neither B. any C. either D. all 10. ____ of them knew about the plan because it was kept in a secret.
A. Each B. Any C. No one D. None 9. These plants are watered ______ .
A. each other day B. every other day
C. each of two days D. every of two days 11. I invited Tom and Ann to dinner, but ____ of them came.
A. neither B. both C. either D. none 12. We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because ____ of us had _____ money on us.
A. all; not B. any; no C. none; any D. no one; any 13. Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except ____ who had already taken them.
A. the ones B. ones C. some D. others14. _____ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 15.---When shall we meet again?
---Make it ____ day you like, it’s all the same to me.
A. one B. any C. another D. some 16. If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay ______ $15.
A. another B. other C. more D. each 17. Few pleasures can equal ______ of a cool drink on a hot day.
A. some B. any C. that D. those18. If this dictionary is not yours, _______ can it be?
A. what else B. who else
C. which else’s D. who else’s19. Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs ____ for the poor.
A. more B. much C. many D. most 20. Mary learned Chinese for about two years, ____ is, from 1993 to 1995.
A. this B. that C. it D. he 21. I’ve got three copies of this book, I’ll give one to ______ asks for it.
A. whom B. whomever C. who D. whoever22. Japan has a larger population than ______ country in Africa.
A. some B. some other C. any D. any other23. They sing high praise for ____ better than mine.
A. him and her B. his and hers
C. he and she D. your and her24. The boy became fatter and fatter each day and _____ made his parents sad.
A. which B. that C. he D. it 25. ---Excuse me. I want to have my hair cut, but I can’t find a barber shop.
---I know where _____ is. Come on—I’ll show you.
A. one B. it C. some D. that26. Most of the housework was done by two members of the family, my sister and _______ .
A. me B. I C. myself D. mine 27. ---Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end?
---If you keep still, you can sit at ______ end.
A. neither B. each C. either D. any 28. Look, this bread is quite different from ________ .
A. that B. that one C. it D. those ones 课件19张PPT。倒装句完全倒装部分倒装1、完全倒装：谓语放在主语之前
1）副词开头 (here, there, out, in, up, down, away, now)
a. Here comes the bus.
b. There goes the bell.
c. Out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.
d. In came an old man with a white beard.
e. Up went a stone.
f. Down fell a pie from the sky.
g. Away flew the birds.
h. Now comes your turn.
注：主语为代词时，主、谓不倒装
a. Here he comes.
b. Down it flew. 2）表地点的介词短语开头
a. In the south of the city lies a big factory.
b. From the valley came a frightening sound.
c. Round the corner came a motorcycle.
d. On the stairs is sitting a little dark-haired girl.
e. On the hill in front of them stood a great castle.
3）表语（形容词、过去分词、介词短语）放句首
a. Present at the meeting were Mr. Black, Mr. White, Mr. Green and Mr. Brown.
b. Gone are days when Chinese were looked down upon.
c. Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys. 4）so, neither, nor 开头，表相同概念，主语不同
a. He is a farmer.
So am I.b. She has bought a computer.So have I.c. I can speak English.So can you.d. She didn't go to the theater.Neither/Nor did he.e. They won’t go fishing. Neither/Nor shall we.注：表赞同对方观点时不倒装，主语相同
a. ---Mr. Li studies English very hard.---So he does. And so does Mrs. Li. b. ---It’s very hot today.---So it is. And so was it yesterday.2、部分倒装：助动词放在主语前
1）否定词开头:never, not, seldom, few, little, hardly
a. Not a single word _____________ (write) down.

have I writtenb. Never _______________ (forget) it. shall I forgetc. Little ___________ (care)about what others think.does he cared. Few friends ___________ (make) since he came to BJ. has he madedid he talke. Hardly ______________ (talk) about the difficulties in his work. 2）only 开头
a. Only in this way ___________(solve)the problem.can you solveb. Only then __________ (realize)that I was wrong.did I realize 3）so 开头
So hard ____________ (work) that he passed all his exams.
did he work 4）No sooner, Hardly, Not only, Not until开头
a. No sooner ____________ (enter) the cinema than the film started.had I enteredb. Hardly ___________ (get) home when it began to rain. had he gotc. Not until he lost it ______________ (know) the value of it. did he knowd. Not only ____________ (lose) the way, but also he lost his cell phone.did he lose 5）as 引导的让步状语从句
a. Pretty as she is, she is not clever.
b. Tired as he was, he worked late into the night.
c. Child as he is, he speaks English very well.
6）表祝愿的句子
a. Long live the People’s Republic of China!
b. May you succeed!
7）虚拟语气省去 if
a. Were I you, I would help her.
b. Had he enough time, he would do it himself.
c. Had you come here earlier, you would have seen the pop star herself.练习：
1. The door opened, ______________ .
A. came in a pretty girl B. came a pretty girl in
C. in came a pretty girl D. in a pretty girl came
3. Only when the war was over ___ come back home.
A. was he B. he was able to
C. was he able D. did he 2. Only after school _____ to play football.
A. the students allow
B. do the students allow
C. the students are allowed
D. are the students allowed
4. ---She dances well. ---So _____ and so _____ .
A. she does; her brother does
B. she does; does her brother
C. does she; does her brother
D. does she; her brother does
5. ---Are you going there with us?
---If Mary wants to go, _____ .
A. so do I B. so will I
C. neither do I D. Nor will I 6. Not only ____ us light, but also it gives us heat.
A. the sun gives B. does the sun give
C. gives the sun D. the sun does give 7. No sooner ____ home than it began to rain heavily.
A. had I gone B. have I gone
C. did I go D. do I go
8. Not until Jeanne met Pierre ___ what had happened to him ten years before.
A. she knew B. she didn’t know
C. did she know D. didn’t she know 9. He knows little English, and ______ .
A. so do I B. neither do I
C. so I do D. neither I do 10. Not until the early years of 19th century ____ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man knew
C. didn’t man know D. did man know11. Not until I began to work _____ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize
C. I didn’t realize D. I realized12. Not until all the fish died in the river, _____ how serious the pollution was.
A. did the villagers realize
B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize
D. didn’t the villagers realize 13. _____ can you expect to get a pay rise.
A. With hard work B. Although work hard
C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard 14. Not a single song ___ at yesterday’s party.
A. he sang B. sang he C. did he sing D. he did sing 15. On the grass ____ a lot of children.
A. lies B. lay C. laid D. lain 省略与替代1、不定式省略到 to，但不定式有 be 动词或完成式时，省略到 be 或 have
a. ---Would you like to have a cup of tea?
---Yes, I’d like to (have a cup of tea).
b. Nothing can stop him from doing anything when he wants to (do it).
c. ---Are you a college student?
---No, but I want to be (a college student).
d. ---Has she known the secret?
---She seems to have (known the secret).
* You may walk there if you like (to walk there).
2、在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系词可省略
a. He is the student (whom) we are talking about.
b. This is one of the best films (that) I’ve ever seen.3、在 when, while, if, as, though / although, until, as, whether 等连词引导的状语从句中，如果主语与主句主语相同或是 it ，而谓语有 be 时，主语和 be 可省略
a. Water will boil when (it is) heated.
b. I will go to the party if (I am) invited.
c. He often kept silent unless (he was) spoken to.
d. Wood gives much smoke while (it is) burning.
e. You may use the computer when (it is) necessary.
f. Though (he was) told to stop, he kept on working.
g. He made up his mind to finish the experiment whether (it was) difficult or not. 4、用 so 或 not 替代前文内容
a. ---Can he answer this question?
---I think so.
b. ---Can you finish the work today?
---I’m afraid not.
c. ---Will he go with you to the party?
---I hope so. / I hope not.
d. She may not be free today. If so, I have to do it myself.
e. ---Is he a college student?
---He may be so.
f. ---Do you think she can pass the exams?
---I expect so. / I believe not. 5、do 代替前文提到的动作
a. She has made more model planes than she did last year.
b. My son didn't study so hard last term as he does now.练习：1. ---Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?
---_________________.
A. I don’t believe B. I don’t believe it
C. I believe not so D. I believe not
2. The boy wanted to ride his bike to school, but his mother told him ____ .
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 3. ---Would you like to see the film with me?
---Yes, ________ .
A. I would B. I’d love to C. I do D. I did
4. Bush doesn’t like America beer, ____does Clinton.
A. so B. also C. neither D. either 5. ---Will he come back to school tomorrow?
---I hope ________ .
A. that B. it C. this D. so 6. ---I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
---Not at all. __________ .
A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not
C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to 7. ---Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?
---_______________ .
A. I don’t believe B. I don’t believe it
C. I believe not so D. I believe not 8. ---Do you mind my taking this seat?
---_____________ .
A. Yes, sit down please B. No, of course not
C. Yes, take it please D. No, you can’t take it 课件13张PPT。冠词{定冠词the不定冠词{/ ?? // ?i /{a
an(辅音前)(元音前)(辅音前)(元音前)(Article)在下列名词前加a或an(元音前加an，辅音前加a)
___ ball ___ chair ___ egg
___ apple ___ girl ___idea
___ red apple ___ umbrella ___ hour
___ honest man ___ one-eyed camel
___ ice cream ___ “s” and ___ “u”
___ useful tool ___ universityaaananaanaanananaananaaa不定冠词a或an表示一个、一类或一场
1. I am a worker and you are a student.
2. There is an orange in the basket.
3. A car runs faster than a bike.
4. They were caught in a heavy rain.
5. A Mr. Smith is asking to see you outside.定冠词the的用法1. 用在再次提及的人或物的名词前
There is a book on his desk. The book is mine.
I met a man in Beijing. The man was George Bush.
2. 谈话双方都知道的人或物
Please come to the blackboard.
3. 世界上独一无二的事物的名词前
The sun is much bigger than the moon.
4. 乐器名称前
She is good at playing the violin.
He doesn‘t like playing the piano.
5. 形容词最高级前
The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.6. 序数词前
He is always the first one to come and the last one to leave.
7. 某些形容词前表示一类人
The young should show respect for the old.
8. 姓氏复数前表示一家人
The Whites are going to visit China next month. 1. I have been to America for three times, and I am
going there ____ fourth time next week.
2. English is ____ most useful language.
a表示在原有基础上再一次时，序数词前用aa没有给出范围时，most不表示最高级，而相当于very不用冠词
1. 专有名词前
The capital of China is Beijing.
2. 三餐和球类运动名称前
After supper, he likes playing basketball.有无冠词意义不同
in hospital in the hospital
in prison in the prison
on earth on the earth
go to school go to the school
take place take the place
a worker and writer a worker and a writer
(因病)住院在医院里(工作)坐牢在监狱里(工作)究竟在地球上去上学到学校去(工作、找人)发生替代一位工人作家一位工人和一位作家 1. She has ____ pen. She has ____ blue pen. ____ pen
is very expensive.aaThe 2. ---What would you like to order, maybe ___ tea?
---No, thank you! What is ______ special today?
A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. x; x 3. Alexander Graham Bell invented ______ telephone in 1876.
A. x B. a C. the D. one 4. Many people are still in ____ habit of writing silly things in ____ public places.
A. the; the B. X; X C. the; X D. X; the 5. She is ____ newcomer to ____ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.
A. the; the B. the; X C. a; X D. a; the 6. Look! ____ red sun is rising in ______ east.
A. The; the B. The; x C. A; x D. A; the
7. ---Did you have ________ supper?
---Yes, I had _____ wonderful supper.
A. a; a B. x; x C. x; a D. a; the 8. ____ China is now a powerful and strong country. It is no longer _____ China as it used to be.
A. The; the B. x; the C. x; x D. A; a 9. Madame Curie was ____ first person who was given ______ second Nobel Prize.
A. the; the B. a; a C. the; x D. the; a 10. There is ___ Mr. Smith waiting outside to see you.
A. x B. the C. a D. one 11. The dictionary is _____ must for the students of ____ English.
A. the; the B. a; a C. a; x D. the; x
12. ---Excuse me, can you tell me where __ Jims live?
---Oh, they live near _____ People’s Park.
A. the; the B. x; x C. the; x D. x; the 13. ---Did the earthquake happened in ____ autumn?
---Yes, it took place in ____ fall of 1987.
A. x; the B. the; x C. x; x D. the; the 14. ---What’s ____ trouble with you?
---I have _____ trouble with my stomach.
A. x; the B. the; x C. the; a D. the; the 15. In ___ 1930s, ____ World War II broke out.
A. the; the B. x; the C. the; x D. x; x 16. ---Have you seen ___ pen? I left it here this morning.
---Is it ___ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 17. Bill Gates, who founded Microsoft, said he was stepping down after 25 years as ____ company leader, but would remain as ____ chairman of the company.
A. the; the B. a; a C. the; x D. X; X 18. Though ____ came that he was completely defeated, he didn’t lose ______ .
A. the word; his heart B. word; heart
C. the word; heart D. word; his heart19. ---Do you like the novels?
---I don’t like either of them. Please show me ____ third one.
A. a B. the C. X D. an? 20. Lesson Four is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t ____ most difficult lesson in Book II.
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. the; a 21. The two buildings are of _____ height.
A. a B. the C. same D. X22. ____ leader as he is, he fails to set a good example.
A. The B. A C. X D. An23. He began to learn English in ____ forties in ___ nineties. Now he works as a taxi driver.
A. his; the B. the; the C. the; his D. his; his24. Tom hit Mary on __ nose and he was hit in __ face.
A. her; his B. the; the C. a; a D. X; X 25. ____ worker and ____ poet was invited to the party the other day.
A. The; the B. A; a C. The; a D. The; X26. ____ president turned another man after he was elected ____ president.
A. The; the B. The; X C. The; a D. X; X 28. Apples are usually sold by _____ weight, and eggs are sometimes sold by ___ dozen.
A. the; the B. X; a C. X; the D. the; a27. What __ terrible weather we are having these days!
A. a B. the C. X D. an 29. If I catch you _____ second time, you’ll be fired.
A. the B. a C. X D. an30. It was ___ bus that I got to know him the other day.
A. on B. by C. on the D. by the 课件52张PPT。动词(Verb)动词的四种形式原形过去式过去分词现在分词1. 过去式、过去分词：
1）在原形动词词尾加-ed
清辅音后读/t/， 浊辅音、元音后读/d/， /t/、/d/后读/id/
work---worked /t/ open---opened /d/
play---played /d/ hand---handed /id/
2）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的, 变 y 为 i 再加-ed
study---studied carry---carried
3）一个辅音字母(w、y、x除外)结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写再加-ed
stop---stopped regret---regretted 4）不规则变化：
put--- cost---
come--- run---
buy--- bring---
catch--- teach---
go--- do---
see--- take---
steal--- speak---2、现在分词：
1）动词原形后加-ing
teach---teaching study---studying play---playing
2）以不发音字母 e 结尾的，先去 e 再加-ing
write---writing take---taking have---havingput---putcost---costcame---comeran---runbought---boughtbrought---broughtcaught---caughttaught---taughtwent---gonedid---donesaw---seentook---takenstole---stolenspoke---spoken 3）以一个辅音字母(w、y、x)结尾的重读闭音节词， 先双写再加-ing
beg---begging stop---stopping begin---beginning
4）以 ie 结尾的先变 ie 为 y 再加-ing
lie---lying die---dying tie---tying
但：ski---skiing3、现在时动词第三人称单数：
1）原形动词后加-s
stop---stops write---writes play---plays
2）以 s、x、o、ch、sh 结尾的加-es
pass---passes fix---fixes do---does
watch---watches wash---washes
3) 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加-es
study---studies try---tries say---says动词时态(Tense)1、一般现在时用法：
1）经常性、习惯性的动作
I go to work by bus.
2）现在的特征或状态
I am a teacher and I teach English.
I love sports.
3）普遍真理
Light travels faster than sound.
Water boils at 100℃. I. 一般现在时2、谓语构成
1) 肯定句：谓语用动词原形或第三人称单数
Tom’s parents _____ to work by bike every day.goLi Tao _______ English every morning.studies 2) 否定句：谓语用 don’t/doesn‘t 加动词原形构成
I ________ (not get) up at six every morning.don’t get She ____________ (not watch) TV in the evening.doesn’t watch3) 一般问句：
用 Do 或 Does 加陈述句（谓语动词用原形）
---______ he _______ (work) in a plastic factory?
---No, he doesn’t.Does work (4) 特殊问句：疑问词加一般问句
---___________ do you write to him?
---Once a month.How often5. Every day, I _______ (get) up at six o’clock. I _____ (have) breakfast at home. Then I _____ (go) to work by bus. I ________ (work) four hours in the morning and three hours in the afternoon. I ______ (come) back home at half past six. After supper, I ___________ (not, like) watching TV. I _____ (go) to bed at a quarter to ten.gethavegoworkcomedon’t likego6. Han Lili _____ (be) a middle school student. She ______ (study) at No. 8 Middle School. She ______ (like) English very much. She ______ (read) English every morning. She often _______ (talk) with English speakers. After school, she _______ (play) the violin. She _____ (do) her homework in the evening.isstudieslikesreadstalksplaysdoesII. 一般过去时1、一般过去时用法：
1）表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态
He bought a new bike last week.
They were in the office just now.
2）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作
When I was a small child, I often went to that park and played football. 2、谓语构成
1）肯定句：谓语用动词的过去式
Yesterday, I _____ to a shop and _______ a pen. wentbought 2）否定句：助动词 didn’t 加动词原形
She ________(take) any money with her that day.didn’t take 3）一般问句：助动词 Did 加陈述句（动词用原形）
---____ you _____ to the cinema last night?
---No, I didn’t.Didgo 4）特殊问句：疑问词 + 一般问句
---_______ ____ you find your key?
---I _______ it under my desk. Wheredidfound特殊句式
1. It’s time we ________ (have) a rest.

hadIt’s (high) time 后从句谓语用过去式2. I would rather he _______ (come) with you.camewould rather 后从句谓语一般用过去式练习：用动词的适当形式填空1. She _____ (be) late for work this morning, because she ____________ (not, get) up on time.
wasdidn’t get2. He ________ (write) a letter to his girlfriend last night and he ________ (want) to borrow some money.wrotewanted3. _____ your friends ______ (give) you any present on your eighteenth birthday?Did give4. How many computers ______ he _____ (sell) last month?didsell5. He ________ (study) English at the age of five.studied6. ---____ you ___ (go) to Hong Kong by air last year?
---Yes, I _____ . But my parents _____ (go) there by train.Did godidwent Last week, I ______ (go) to the theatre. I _____ (have) a very good seat. The play _____ (be) very interesting. I ____________ (not, enjoy) it. A young man and a young woman __________ (sit) behind me. They ___________ (talk) loudly. I _____ (get) very angry. I could not hear the actors. I _______ (turn) round. I _________ (look) at the man and the woman angrily. They ___________ (not, pay) any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I ________ (turn) round again. “I can’t hear a word!” I ______ (say) angrily.
“It’s none of your business,” the young man ______ (say) rudely. “This is a private conversation!”wenthadwasdid not enjoygotturnedlookeddid not payturnedsaidsaidwere sittingwere talkingIII. 一般将来时1、一般将来时用法：
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态
I will go to Tibet some day by plane.
He will be busy tonight.
2、谓语构成
1）肯定句
（1）will 加动词原形 （第一人称也可用 shall ）
She __________ back in twenty minutes.
will come（2）be going to 加动词原形
a. 打算、计划做某事
I _______________ a dictionary tomorrow.am going to buy There ______________ a wonderful film in our school tonight.

is going to be b. 即将、眼看要发生
Look at the dark clouds. It________________ .is going to rain（3）be to 加动词原形：安排好的事
We _____________ at the entrance of the park.are to meet（4）按时刻表进行的, 可用现在时表示将来
The plane _________ at a quarter past nine.arrives（5）用进行时表示将来
They _____________ (leave) tomorrow. are leavingcome, leave, go, move, start, arrive, stay （6）主句是将来时，条件从句用现在时
a. We ______ (go) to the park if it __________ (not, rain) tomorrow.
will godoesn’t rain 2）否定句：will / shall 加 not——won’t / shan’t
He ________ come to the party tomorrow.


b. We _______ (give) it to him when he __________ (arrive).
will givearrivesc. One ____________ (not, learn) English well unless he ___________ (study) hard.will not learnstudiesd. I ___________ (tell) her the news as soon as she __________ (come) back. will tellcomeswon’tWill_________ we have a break?Shalle. If she will make friends with me, I will be happy.3）一般问句：将 will 提到句首（第一人称用 shall ）
________ you go to the Summer Palace with us?4）疑问词 + 一般问句
________________ shall we meet next time?

When and where________ is he going to do tomorrow afternoon?What_________ will he turn to for help?Who_________ shall we do if there is no bus?What练习：用动词适当形式填空1. The tree ____________ (grow) to 30 meters tall.
will grow2. _______ you _______ (help) me with my English tonight?Will help3. Which book ______ I ______ (read) first?shallread4. We ______________ (not, lose) heart in learning English.won’t lose5. He _______________ (buy) a new mobile phone.is going to buy6. We __________ (stay) at home if it ______ (rain) tomorrow.will stayrains7. How many trees ______ they ______ (plant) next year?willplantIV. 现在进行时1、现在进行时用法：
1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作
I am teaching and you are listening to me.
2）表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作
He is writing a book this week.
3）与 always 连用表示赞扬、不满等情绪
The girl is always smiling happily.
You are always making the same mistake.2、谓语构成：
1）肯定句：be动词(am, is, are) + 现在分词
Tom’s mother ___________ (watch) TV and his father _____________ (read) newspaper.is watchingis reading 2）否定句在 be 动词后加 not
一般问句只需把 be 动词提到句首
They _____________ (not, play) football. They _____________ (play) basketball.

练习：用动词适当形式填空1. Look, Tom ______________ (climb) a tall tree.
is climbing2. Listen! Someone ________ (cry) in the next room.is crying3. The farmers ____________ (pick) apples now.are pickingare not playingare playing---____ she _______ (do) her homework now?
---No, she isn’t. she ___________ (write) a letter.Isdoingis writing---Who ____ our teacher ______ (talk) with?
---He ___________ with my father.istalkingis talking用动词的适当形式填空：1. I often _____ (go) to work by bus, but yesterday I ______ (go) to work by bike.
gowent2. Mr. Li __________ (write) an article in his room now. Tomorrow he ___________ (attend) a meeting.is writingwill attend3. He __________ (not, come) to the class last time. Now he ___________ (copy) the notes.didn’t comeis copying4. People in the past ________ (think) that the earth ____ (be) the center. But now we all ______ (know) the earth ________ (run) around the sun.thoughtwasknowruns5. Last Sunday I _________ (buy) a new bike and next Saturday I ______________ (ride) it to Beidaihe.boughtam going to rideV. 过去进行时1、过去进行时用法
表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作
He was watching TV when I came in.
2、谓语构成
be 动词(was, were) + 现在分词
a. She ___________ (see) a film with her friend this time yesterday.

was seeingb. We ____________ football when it began to rain.were playingc. ---_____ you _______ a book when I rang you?
---Yes, I was. Werereadingd. -What ____ he ______ when his father came home?
-He ___________ games on the computer.wasdoingwas playinge. Pardon? I ______________ (not, listen) just now.wasn’t listeningVI. 现在完成时1、现在完成时用法：
1）表示动作已经完成（强调发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果）
I have finished my work.
He has found his lost key.
2）表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态
They have worked in that factory for ten years.2、谓语构成：
1）肯定句：助动词(have, has) + 过去分词
We __________ one hundred apple trees this year.

have plantedMiss Li _________ an English-Chinese dictionary.has boughtThey __________ married for twenty years.have been 2）否定句：
在助动词(have, has)后加 not——haven’t, hasn’t
I ______________ (not, finish) reading the novel.

3、have been 与 have gone 的区别
He has been to Washington twice. 去过
He has gone to Washington. 去了（现在不在这里）haven’t finishedThe meeting will begin in five minutes but she _____________ (not, come) yet. hasn’t come3）一般问句：把助动词(have, has)提到句首
---______ you ______ (hand) in your homework?
---No, I haven’t. Havehanded---_____ he _____ (tell) you the exciting news?
---Yes, he has.Hastold4、延续性动词与非延续性动词
1）延续性动词：表示动作可以持续一段时间
live, learn, watch, walk, teach, work, rain
2）非延续性动词：表示动作瞬间即完成
die, buy, come, arrive, open, close, join, see, leave
3）延续性动词可以和时间段连用
My grandparents have lived in the village for seventy years.
He has worked in that office since last summer.
4）非延续性动词不与时间段连用
他已经来了半个小时了。
He has come here for half an hour.
He has been here for half an hour. 他已经去世15年了。
He has died for fifteen years.
He has been dead for fifteen years.她已经参军九个月了。
She has joined the army for nine months.She has been a soldier for nine months.我好久没见到她了。这本书我已经借了两周了。
I have borrowed the book for two weeks.I borrowed the book two weeks ago.她们已经离开这里五天了。
They have left here for five days.They have been away for five days.√I haven’t seen her for a long time. 非延续动词可以用于完成时，但不能与时间段连用，否定句可以！5、一般过去时与现在完成时的联系与区别：
1）联系：动作均发生在过去
2）区别：一般过去时只强调动作本身
现在完成时强调对现在的影响
He came here yesterday. (她来过这里)
He has come here. (他现在还在这里)
I bought a computer last month.（曾买过）
I have bought a computer. （我现在还拥有它）
They went to London last year. （曾去过）
They have gone to London. (还未回来，人不在这里)
She wrote two letters with a blue pen in her study last night.
She has written twelve letters to her boyfriend.
(不强调具体方式、时间、地点等，只强调结果：12封信写完了） 练习：用动词适当形式填空1. Mr. Wang ______________ (learn) 1,000 English words by now.
has learned2. The police _____________ (find) the murderer.have found3. I am looking for my key. _____ you ____ (see) it?Have seen4. Tom is not here. He _________ (go) to the library.has gone5. ---_____ she ________ (return) the book?
---No, not yet.Has returned6. ---He _______________ (not, finish) his work.
What about you?
---I ___________ (not), either.hasn’t finishedhaven’t7. She __________ (be) a Party member for 20 years.has beenVII. 过去完成时1、过去完成时用法：
表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作
When I arrived, the film __________ (begin).

2、过去完成时构成：had + 过去分词
When I got home, they ______ (get) supper ready.
had begun They ___________ (learn) Chinese for a year before they came to China. had learned He ___________ (finish) writing the report by the end of last month.had finished She told us her parents ___________ (work) in the hospital for twenty years.had workedhad gotHe said he _________ to Japan twice.had been特殊句式
1. Hardly ______ we _________ (begin) when we were told to stop.
hadbegun2. No sooner _____ the murderer ______ (come) back home than he was arrested.hadcomeHardly……when……；
No sooner……than……：
一……就……
前一时态用过去完成时，后一时态用过去时VIII. 过去将来时1、过去将来时用法：
表示在过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态
He said he would visit the Palace Museum the next week.2、过去将来时构成：
would + 动原或 was(were) going to + 动原
He told me he _________ (take) me to the US the next month.

would take They said they ______________ (not, allow) any reporter to enter their factory. wouldn’t allow We told her we _________________ (send) her to Beijing.were going to sendIX. 现在完成进行时1、用法
从过去开始的动作不间断地延续到现在，有可能继续持续下去。
2、谓语构成： have / has been doing
We __________________ (wait) for him for three hours.
have been waitingIt __________________ (rain) since this Monday.has been raining将来完成时 “will have done”
We __________________ (complete) the building by the end of next year.
will have completedwill be having将来进行时 “will be doing”
Please ask him not to phone me when he comes, I _____________ (have) a meeting. 1. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she _______ .
A. will arrive B. arrives
C. is arriving D. is going to arrive2. ---Come in, Peter, I want to show you something.
---Oh, how nice of you! I ____ you ____ to bring me a gift.
A. never think; are going
B. never thought; were going
C. didn’t think; were going
D. hadn’t thought; were going 3. The volleyball match will be put off if it ___ .
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining4. Mary ____ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes5. The students ____busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she___ in the office.
A. had written; left B. were writing; has left
C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left 6. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he ___ office soon.
A leaves B. would leave C. left. D. had left 7. Tom ____ into the house when no one ______ .
A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked
C. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked8. The last time I _____ Jane she_____ cotton in the fields.
A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picked
C. had seen; picked. D. saw; was picking 9. The pen I ___ I ____ is on my desk, right under my nose.
A. think ; lost B. thought; had lost
C. think; had lost D. thought; have lost 10. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests ____ when he ____ at the party.
A. left; had arrived B. had left; had arrived
C. left; arrived D. had left; arrived11. My brother ____ while he ____ his bicycle and hurt himself.
A. fell; was riding B. fell; were riding
C. had fallen; rode D. had fallen; was riding 12. When I was at college I ____ three foreign languages, but I ____ all except for a few words of each.
A. spoke; had forgotten
B. spoke; have forgotten
C. had spoken; had forgotten
D. had spoken; have forgotten 13. ---We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
---What do you suppose ___ to her?
A. was happening B. to happen
C. has happened D. having happened14. ---Do you know our town at all ?
---No, this is the first time I ____ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming15. ---We could have walked to the station. It was so near.
---Yes, a taxi ___at all necessary.
A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been
C. wouldn’t be D. won’t be 16. I don’t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary arrives .
A. just help out B. have just helped out
C. am just helping out D. will just help out17. ---Your phone number again? I __ quite catch it.
---It’s 9568422
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t 18. I’m glad to see that you _____ a lot of progress since I _____ you last.
A. will make; have met B. have been making; met
C. had made; met D. have made; meeting 19. ---How long __ each other before they __ married?
---For about one year.
A. have they known, get
B. did they know , were going to get
C. do they know; are going to get
D. had they known; got20. My dictionary __ . I have looked for it everywhere but still ___ it.
A. has lost; don’t find
B. is missing ; don’t find
C. has lost ; haven’t found
D. is missing; haven’t found 21. ---I’ m sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 22. You don’t need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A had met B. have met C. met D. meet23. I don’t think Jim saw me; he ___ into space.
A. just stared B. was just staring
C. has just stared D. had just stared24. ---____ my glasses?
--- Yes, I saw them on my bed a minute ago.
A. Do you see B. Had you seen
C. Would you see D. Have you seen 25. Helen ___ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband ___ home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come
C. had left; came D. had left; would come26. I first met Lisa three years ago. She ___ at a radio shop at the time.
A. has worked B. was working
C. had been working D. had worked27. ---Who is Jerry Cooper?
---_____? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.
A. Don’t you meet him yet
B. Hadn’t you met him yet
C. Didn’t you meet him yet
D. Haven’ t you met him yet 28, ---Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
--- I ____, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did29. ---Nancy is not coming tonight.
---But she ____.
A. promises B. promised
C. will promise D. had promised 30. Hello, I ____ you ____ in London. How long have you been here?
A. don’t know; were B. hadn’t known; are
C. haven’t known; are D. didn’t know; were 31. Shirley __ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it .
A. has written B. wrote.
C. had written D. was writing 32. ---Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
---I am tired. I ___ living room all day.
A. painted B. had painted
C. have been painting D. have painted33. The price __, but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A .went down B. will go down
C. has gone down D. was going down 34. ---Hey, look where you are going!
---Oh, I am terribly sorry. ____.
A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing
C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice 35. ---When ____ again?
---When he ____, I’ll let you know.
A. he comes; come B. will he come; will come
C. he comes; will come D. will he come; comes 36. When I reach the airport, it ________________ .
A. is probably raining B. probably rains
C. has probably rained D. will probably be raining 37. ---You’ve left the light on.
---Oh, so I have. ___ and turn it off.
A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going38.---How are you today?
---Oh, I ___ as ill as I do now for a very long time.
A . didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling
C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt39. The reporter said that the UFO __ east to west when he saw it.
A. was traveling B. traveled
C. had been traveling D. was to travel 40. Hundreds of jobs ___ if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose41. I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I __ my mum.
A. am taking B. have taken
C. take D. will have taken42. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ____ so rapidly.
A. is changing B. has changed.
C. will have changed D. will change 43. I __ ping –pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A will play B. have played C. played D. play 44. Hello, I _____ to telephone you all day. Where __________ you?
A. tried; were B. have been trying; were
C. have tried; were D. am trying; are 45. They should have let me come in, but they ____ .
A. shouldn’t B. didn’t C. hadn’t D. haven’t46. It’s really time he went back, but he’s enjoying himself so much that ____ here a bit longer.
A. he’s stayed B. he stay
C. he’s staying D. he stayed47. The things talked about in his report ____ over a year ago.
A. had taken place B. took place
C. have taken place D. were taken place 50. ---What a story! Nobody likes to listen to it any more!
---No, by the time it is finished, every body ____ .
A. will go to sleep B. will sleep
C. will fall asleep D. will be asleep 48. I’m not sure if I ____ time. If I _____ time, I’ll go there with you.
A. have; have B. will have; have
C. have; will have D. will have; will have 49. ---Where ___ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.
---I ___ it right here, but now it is gone.
A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put
C. had you put; have put D. were you putting; have put 助动词 助动词(do)
1、帮助构成否定祈使句( 只能用 Don’t )
a. _____ (open) your books, please.
______ (not) open your books, please.

OpenDon’tb. Xiao Ming, _______ (not) be afraid.don’t2、帮助加强语气
a. I ______ (hope) he can come here soon.
I ___________ (hope) he will win. hopedo hope b. I _____ him playing the violin in the park yesterday.
I _________ him playing the violin in the park yesterday. sawdid see 3、简短回答，替代主要动词
a. ---He went to see the film last night.
---So he ____. And so _____ I.
diddid4、do “行”
If you don’t have a pen, a pencil will do.
Sorry, I’m busy today. Will tomorrow do? b. ---I have made a plan to read English every day.
---If you do so, your English will be greatly improved.助动词（be）
1、be + Ving：进行时
1) Don’t make any noise, the baby ____________.
2) She hurt her leg while she _________________.
3) At 10:00 tomorrow, I _____________________. is sleepingwas dancingwill be having my supper2、be + 过去分词：被动语态
1) She went to the party and ____________ to sing some English songs.
2) English _______________ in the world now.was invitedis widely used课件12张PPT。1. Please tell me the way you thought of ____ the
garden .
A. take care of B. to take care of
C. taking care of D. how to take care of B2. In Australia, he made a lot of friends __ English well
to make himself __________.
A. learn, understand B. to learn, understood
C. learning, understanding D. learned, to understand3. He can’t read or write. Who do you think he ____
this letter?
A. has write B. has wrote C. has written D. has to writeHe has who write the letter.A4. The poor boy is in danger. We should do all we ___
help him out.
A. can do B. can to C. can to do D. canwe can修饰all, =do…to help himPlease tell me the way to take care of the garden.B. to learn, understoodB. can toA6. ---What do you think of the opinion?
---None has given me ___ piece of advice.
A. a better B. a best C. the best D. the betterA7. The professor has received the letter____ to give a
lecture in Princeton Institute.
A. being invited B. to be invited
C. inviting him D. invitedC8. ---What makes you so worried? ---___ .
A. Because I have put on weight B. Putting on weight
C. For I have lost some weight D.Because of my weightB9. The place is really beautiful, we all think it worth __.
A. being visited B. to be visited C. a visit D. to visitC同位语否定词+比较
级=最高级The letter which invites him
=inviting himWhat 是主语5. We are all excited at the news __ our team had won.
A. that B. what C. when D. whichDhe started修饰factory 。produces作the TV factory的谓语 11. ---Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---_________ .
A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’tB12. ---Didn't you see the football match yesterday?
---_____ . I would like to have seen it.
A. Yes B. No C. Wonderful D. I like it B13. The fellow I spoke _____ no answer at first.
A. made B. to make C. to made D. to makingC14. If you are not sure of the meaning of this word, you
can ____ the dictionary.
A. refer to B. look up C. see D. make use ofAto﹙ ﹚10. The TV factory he ____ eight million sets a year. A. started producing B. operates to make C. started to produce D. started producesChe stuck to修饰 theory。 proved作 theory的谓语16. The day we look forward ________ .
A. to come B. to coming C. to arriving D. to will come DWe look forward to 修饰day。 will come作谓语17. ---His brother studies at No. 5 Middle School.
---____ my sister and me.
A. So do B. So does C. Neither do D. So it is withD18. While hurrying home before the storm, _________.
A. It happened that Ann’s bike broke down
B. the storm caught Ann
C. the bike of Ann broke down
D. Ann had an accident on her bikeD15. The theory he stuck to ____ true. A. proving B. be C. proved D. being B20. I insisted that the thief referred ____ put into prison.
A. to be B. be C. should D. to being referred to修饰 thief。 =insist that the thief (should) be put…21. Never ____ time come again!
A. has lost B. will lost C. will lose D. loseAB22. ---What do you suppose ____ her worried?
---Losing a gold ring.
A. made B. making C. to make D. makeA23. Was it at the school gate ___ the girl picked up the
purse?
A. which B. where C. when D. thatD19. ---How long have you ___ the doctor? ---30 years. A. married B. been married to C. married to D. got married toA25. ___ many times, but he still couldn't understand it.
A. Having been told B. He was told
C. Though he had been told D. Having told B26. The boy was ___ eager to get an English dictionary.
A. more B. too C. much D. farB27. ---He doesn't like coffee, he likes tea. ---______ .
A. So do I B. Neither do I
C. So it is with me D. So he doesC28. ---_____ he begin now? ---Let him begin, please.
A. Shall B. Will C. Does D. HasAShall+she(he, it, they)+do? 请让···做···好吗？24. When and where to build the new factory ___ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided30. I got up early, but I ___ so because I had no
work to do that morning.
A. mustn't have done B. didn't need to
C. needn’t have done D. can’t have done A. 不用于否定推测； B. 不必且未做；
C. 做了不必做的事； D. 否定推测31. At the age of seven, __________ .
A. his mother died B. his father took him abroad
C. he lost his parents D. his hometown changed29. ---___ it be Mary who took my dictionary?
---No, it ___ be her. It ___ be Tom who did it.
A. Can; can’t; must B. Must; mustn't; can
C. May; may not; must D. Can; mustn't; may33. He was in a hurry the other day, otherwise he
_________ you repair the machine.
A. would help B. should help
C. would be helping D. would have helped34. The plant is dead. I ____ it more water.
A. will give B. would have given
C. must give D. should have give 32. ---Did Mary go to see the film last night?
---Yes, but she ____ at home.
A. may have stayed B. must have stayed
C. should have stayed D. will stayOn doing 一……就……; On being done 在被……的时候36. ____ different life is today from ____ it used to
be ten years ago!
A. How; what B. What; what
C. How; that D. What; that37. Then Mr. Smith told me ____ he was doing was
very important.
A. that B. why C. what that D. why whatwhat he was doing 作主语35. _____ to somebody, a British person often shakes hands with the stranger.
A. Introducing B. To introduce
C. To be introduced D. On being introducedall…no 不都有， no one 不与 of 连用C. none, any37. Which do you enjoy ____ your spare time, playing cards
at home or taking a walk in the park?
A. spending B. to spend C. having spent D. to have spentDo you enjoy playing cards or taking a walk to spend your
spare time?B38. ____ her mother had come, her face lit up.
A. Hearing B. Having heard
C. When hearing D. When she heardD39. ---Everyone says you are a good student. You are never
late for school, are you?
---___________ .
A. No, sometimes B. Yes, sometimes
C. Yes, I do D. No, I don’tA36. We can’t eat in a restaurant because _____ of us had ____ money on us.
A. all, no B. any, no C. none, any D. no one, any40. Was it in that room _______ Chairman Mao once worked
______ we took the photos?
A. where, where B. that, that C. where, that D. that, where 见到问句先变为陈述句见到句首有it was/is，备选答案中有that时，将it was/is…that划去后若句子还成立，就选that。We took the photos in that room where Chairman Mao once worked.C41. When was it ______ World War II broke out?
A. that B. which C. where D. whyA42. He sold all _____ he had before he went abroad.
A. that B. which C. what D. moneyall that = whatAHe sold what he had before he went abroad.43. He told us all ______ he knew about the accident.
A. what B. which C. when D. whyAus all = all of uswhen/why he knew something about…44. It took him too much time to do his homework every evening.45. You can’t be too careful to cross the road.46. He is too eager to get that picture.课件56张PPT。句法一、简单句：
1、陈述句：主语在前，谓语在后
1) We have English lessons every week.
2) The sun rises in the east.
3) We found it difficult to learn English well.
4) He didn’t go to the cinema last night.
2、一般问句：用 Yes 或 No 来回答的问句（ be动词、助动词、情态动词放句首）
1) ---Are you from America? ---Yes, I am.
2) ---Do they go to work on Sundays?
---Yes, they do.
3) ---Must I return the book to the library today?
---No, you needn’t./ Yes, you must. 3、特殊疑问句：用疑问词来提问的句子
1) When will you leave for Shanghai?
2) How long have you been in China?
3) Who is speaking at the meeting?
4) Whose handwriting is the best?
练习：
a. ---______ is your father? ---He is a farmer.
What b. ---________ do you come from?
---I come from USA.Where c. ---_________ is your new bike?
---One hundred dollars. How muchd. ---_______ was he late this morning?
---Because he didn’t catch the early bus.Why 4、反意问句：前一部分为陈述句，后一部分为一般问句
1）前肯后否式
a. ---She is cleaning the room,
isn’t she?
---Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. b. ---He likes singing very much, doesn’t he?
---Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. c. ---They can settle the problem, can’t they?
---No, they can’t. / Yes, they can.2）前否后肯式: (never, hardly, little, few, seldom)
a. ---You are not studying English, are you?
---_____, we are (studying English now). b. ---We don’t come here on Friday evenings, do we?
---____, we don’t (come here on Friday evenings).YesNo c. ---She won’t come here again,
will she?
---Yes, she will. d. There are few people in the room, are there?
e. He can hardly speak, can he?
f. She is unhappy today, isn’t she?
5、祈使句：表示命令、要求的句子（主语 you 被省去）
1）肯定祈使句：（动词原形开头，可加 Please ）
a. Please write down your names.
b. Turn to page 34, please.
c. Let’s meet at the school gate.
2）否定祈使句：一般用 Don’t 开头，后接动原
a. Don’t be late for the meeting, please.
b. Don’t stand under big trees when it’s raining. 3）祈使句的反意问句：用将来时
a. Open the window, will you?
b. Sit in the front of the classroom, will you?
c. Have a cup of tea, won’t you?
d. Let’s go and play football, shall we?
e. Let us go and play football, will you?
6、感叹句：用 How 或 What 引导
a. How interesting the film is!
b. What an interesting film it is!
c. How clever the girls are!
d. What clever girls they are!
e. How beautiful the picture is!
f. What a beautiful picture it is!
g. How beautiful a picture it is!注：How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语！
What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！
How + 形容词 + a/an + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！
练习: A. How B. How a/an C. What D. What a/an
1) ________ long way it is from Beijing to London!
2) ________ strong they are!
3) ________ exciting the news is!
4) ________ well she is dancing!
5) ________ tall trees they are!
6) ________ fine weather it is!
7) ________ great mother she is!
8) ________ hard he works!
9) ________ high building it is!
10) ________ useful a book it is!What a
How
How How What What What aHow What aHow 2. It is impossible, ________ it?isn’t 3. I don’t think he can do it himself, ____________ ?
A. can he B. can’t he C. do I D. don’t I can he 5. He must be in his room now, ______ he?isn’t 6. He must have seen the film before, _______ he?hasn’t7. He must have arrived yesterday, ________ he?didn’t8. Let’s go skating, ___________ ?shall we9. Let us go skiing, __________ ?will you1. He can hardly speak, __________ he?can反意问句4. She doesn’t believe he can work it out, ________?
A. does she B. doesn’t she C. can he D. can’t hedoes she 7、There be 句型：表示“某地有某物”
1) There is a computer on the table.
2) There are three chairs in my office.
3) There are seven days in a week.
4) There is a doctor and ten nurses in the operating room.
5) There is not any water in the bottle.
6) There will be a football match tomorrow.
7) There used to be some pictures on the wall.
8) How many months are there in a year?
注：“某人/物有……” 用have/has/had
1) She had a son and a daughter.
2) I have two pens and a pencil.
3) A bicycle has two wheels.1、有一个人躺在一棵大树下。
There is a man lies under a big tree.
There is a man is lying under a big tree. Have a man is lying under a big tree. There is a man lying under a big tree.
There a man is lying under a big tree.2、他发现有一个人躺在一棵大树下。
He found have a man lie under a big tree. He found there is a man lying under a big tree. He found a man lying under a big tree.3、校园里有很多树。
School yard has a lot of trees. There are many trees in the school yard.3、天上有一架飞机在飞。
The sky has a plane is flying.

There is a plane flying in the sky.4、阅览室里有一些学生在看杂志。
In the reading-room has some students reading magazines. There are some students reading magazines in the reading-room. Some students are reading magazines in the reading-room.5、周一将有一场足球比赛。
Monday will have a football match.A football match will be held next Monday.二、并列句：由连词连接两个简单句构成
1、表并列关系：and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…
1) He is a doctor and his wife is a nurse.
2) Not only can he speak English, but also he can speak Japanese.
3) Neither has she changed her mind, nor will she do so.
2、表选择关系： or, either…or…
1) We must work harder, or we will not pass the exams.
2) Either you are wrong or I am 3、表转折关系： but, still, however, yet, while, when
1) She likes dancing very much, but her husband doesn’t allow her to attend the ball.
2) One can’t see wind, however, it does exist.
3) She is seriously ill, still there is hope.
4) It is very good, yet it can be better.
5) He earns ￥1,000 a month, while his wife earns ￥1,200.
6) He was about to leave when the telephone rang.
4、表因果关系： so, for
1) English is very useful, so we must learn it well.
2) She caught a cold, for she had been walking around in the rain.练习：
1. He is an American, ______ he lives in England.
but2. Come over here ______ I’ll tell you a secret.and3. Hurry, _____ you’ll be late.or4. He ran very fast, _____ he escaped being caught.so5. He must be ill, _____ he is absent today.for6. I like tea, ______ she likes coffee.while7. He was told many times, ____ he still couldn't understand itbut8. You have not told us your opinion, ________, you can make it clear now.however9. I’ve slept eight hours, _____ I’m still sleepy.yet三、复合句：一个主句加一个或数个从句构成
1、主语从句：主语由句子充当
1) ______ did it is not known.

Who2) ______ he needs most now is more practice. What3) __________ I have done is only for you. Whatever4) ______ we will take the exam has been decided. When5) ________ they will meet next is not clear. Where6) ________ he will speak at the court doesn’t matter too much. Whether7) _____ the earth turns around the sun is known to all. That8) It is a pity ______ she has made such a foolish mistake.that注：主从中不需要有任何意思的连接词时，加 that2、表语从句：表语由句子充当
1) The question is _________ bus we should take.

which2) That is ________ Lu Xun used to live. where3) It looks _____ he has lost something. as if4) The question is _______he can come here on time.whether5) The trouble is _____ he has never learned English before.that注：表语从句中不需要有任何意思的连接词时，加 that3、宾语从句：宾语由句子充当
1) I don’t know _______ words I should believe.whose2) He told us _____ he found the lost boy. how3) She wants to know ________ she has passed the exams. whether 4) The teacher is pleased with ______ she has said.
(that)what4、同位语从句：同位语由句子充当，一般放在名词(fact, news, idea, hope, question)后
1) The fact _____ you haven’t enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable. that2) The news ______ he has been injured in the accident is true.that3) The question ________ we should continue our experiment has not been discussed. whether4) I have no idea _______ I shall do next. what注：同位语从句中不需要有任何意思的连词时，加 that5) He said ______ watching TV too much was bad for your health.练习：
1. _______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. When
B2. _____ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
A. That B. What C. Where D. WhyB3. ---Do you remember _____ he came?
---Yes, I do. He came by air.
A. how B. when C. that D. ifA4. ___ we should work out a plan to deal with it is important.
A. What B. X C. That D. That whatC5. _____ shall finish the work before May Day is possible.
A. What we B. That we C. Because we D. We
B6. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A. what B. why C. if D. thatD7. The question is ____ you should do next.
A. what B. that C. how D. whyA8. ____ he doesn’t like them is very clear.
A. What B. Where C. That D. XC9. ____ he can come here on time is not known yet.
A. Whether B. That C. When D. IfA10. The problem is ____ he will be willing to help us.
A. that B. what C. whether D. where
C11. There is no doubt ____ our team will win the game.
A. what B. when C. whether D. thatD12. The news ____ he had passed the exams made us very pleased.
A. whether B. X C. that D. whenC13. He asked me _____ I had seen his son in front of his shop yesterday afternoon.
A. that B. whether C. where D. whenB14. It is unbelievable _____ he can live without eating anything for 49 days.
A. that B. whether C. X D. whatAB2. _____ a plan to deal with it is important.
A. What we should work out
B. We should work out
C. That we should work out
D. That what we should work outC3. ____ discovered America is well known.
A. That who B. Those who C. Who that D. WhoD4. ____ he was chosen made us very happy.
A. What B. That C. Which D. /B名词性从句专项练习
1. ____ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. WhereC6. Mother made a promise __ she would buy me a gift.
A. / B. what C. that D. whichC7. _____ comes to the party is welcome.
A. Which B. Who C. Whoever D. Those whoC8. I will do _____ I could ____ the disabled.
A. that, help B. that, to help
C. what, to help D. what, help9. I am thirsty. ______ we need is water.
A. Which B. All what C. What D. ThatC10. ____ shall finish the work before May is possible.
A. What we B. That we C. Because we D. WeB 5. I doubt _____ our team will win the game.
A. what B. that C. whether D. /Whether2. _______ I said is true.What 3. _________ he failed the exam wasn’t clear.Why 4. _________ I have done is only for you.Whatever 5. _______ he found the book is still a puzzle.Where 6. _______ he will leave for the US is not yet decided.When 7. _______ will go there is not important.Who 8. _________ is here gets a prize.Whoever 9. ____ the earth turns around the sun is known to all.That 名 词 性 从 句1. ________ he will come or not is not yet known.whether2. Can you tell me ________ he will leave for London?when3. I think ______ watching TV too much is bad for your health.that﹙ ﹚4. The question is ________ we have enough money.whether5. The question is ______ we have no money at all.that6. Beijing is not _______ it used to be.what7. This is _______ Lu Xun used to live.where9. The news ______ he has passed the exam is true.that8. The problem ________ we need more time to do the
work has not been discussed.whether10. The news ______ you told me yesterday is not true.that1. I want to know ________ he has passed the exams. 5、定语从句：定语由句子充当
1）修饰人用who, whom, that
a. He is the man who can help you.
b. Do you know the man who is standing under the tree?
c. The girl who is singing is Tom’s daughter.
d. The boy who/whom you are looking for is in the office.
e. The women who he is talking to are Americans.
f. Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?
g. Those who want to go to the park gather at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 2）修饰物用 which, that
a. The book which you gave me last week is very interesting.
b. At last she found the gold ring which her husband bought for her.
c. Guilin is a city which has a history of 2000 years.
d. A polar bear is an animal which lives near the north pole.
e. The computer which he is using is made in China.
f. The plane which he took missed being caught in the storm. 3）所有格用 whose
a. The boy whose parents have been dead lives with his grandparents.
b. This is the policeman whose head was wounded.
c. The book whose cover is missing is mine.
d. He is sitting on the chair one of whose legs is broken.
4）只能用 that, 不用 which
(1) 先行词中包含 all, everything, something, anything, nothing, much, little, few等不定代词时
a. He bought all that he needed in that shop.
b. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. (2) 先行词被序数词修饰时
a. The first word that a baby says is mum.
b. The last truck that carried coals was stopped by the policemen.
(3) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
a. This is the best film that I have ever seen.
b. It is the strongest wind that I have ever met.
(4) 先行词被the very, the just, the only修饰时
a. This is the only computer that works.
b. It is the very book that I want to buy.
5）只能用 which, 不能用 that
(1) 介词后
a. This is the newspaper in which I read the news.
b. This is the jar in which he hid a lot of money. (2) 非限制性定语从句
a. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.
b. The coins, which were made of gold, were found in a well.
6）时间用when
a. October, 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
b. He will always remember the moment when he joined the Party.
7）地点用where
a. This is the place where the accident happened.
b. This is the room where Chairman Mao worked. 8）原因用 why
a. I don’t know the reason why she looked unhappy yesterday.
b. The reason why he gave her the flowers is quite clear.
9）定语从句谓语若是及物动词或有介词时，先行词为时间或地点，关系词用 which
a. This is the room where Lu Xun used to live.
b. This is the room which Lu Xun used to live in.
c. This is the room in which Lu Xun used to live.
d. This is the room which we visited last year.
e. He will remember the days when he worked with the farmers.
f. He will remember the days which he spent in the countryside. 10）定语从句谓语的单、复数由先行词决定
a. The man who lives downstairs speaks English very well.
b. The students who are in Grade Three went to climb the hill yesterday.
c. I who am an English teacher went to England last year.练习：1. The man ______ is shaking hands with my father is our manager.
who2. Mrs. Smith ___________ you met yesterday is our English teacher.who / whom3. A dictionary is a book _________ gives us the meaning of words.
which4. The river _______ flows through that town is very dirty.which5. I’m one of the boys _____ are never late for school.who6. Do you work in that office _______ windows are open?whose7. The lady ________ husband is a mayor goes to work by bus every day.whose8. Is this the shop _______ sells children’s clothing?which9. This is the place ______ Lei Feng was born.where10. I have a friend ______ has a good camera.
who11. The man to ______ you spoke is our new teacher.whom12. Here is the girl ________ English book has been stolen.whose13. The number of people _____ lost homes reached as many as 250,000.who14. He helped his father on the farm _____ they lived.where15. He still remembers the time _____ he was in Iraq.when16. The most expensive book ______ he bought is an English dictionary.that17. The first English word ______ he taught me was hello.that1. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
2. Do you remember these days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily?
A. when B. where C. which D. who3. He is not the man ____ he was before.
A. which B. that C. who D. as 4. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. that B. which C. whatever D. AllACCA5. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
A. most of them B. most of that
C. most of whom D. most of those 6. Do you know the girl ____ ?
A. whom he often talks to B. he often talks
C. to who he often talks D. to that he often talks7. It is our parents ____ we depend when we are in trouble.
A. whoever B. whomever
C. on whom D. in which 8. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A. these B. that C. those D. whichCACD 9. A steel plant is ____ steel is made.
A. that B. where C. what D. in which 10. Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow.
A. that B. which C. its D. whose11. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.
A. it B. which C. that D. he12. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage____ there were already seventy other people.
A. when B. which C. that D. whereBDBD13. ---What game is popular with them?
---The ____ most is tennis.
A. game they like it B. game they like
C. best game they like D. best game they like it14. China is the birth place of kites, ____ kiteflying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
A. from that B. from here
C. from there D. from where15.They stayed with me three weeks,____ they drank all the wine(酒) I had.
A. which B. which time
C. during which time D. during which 16. The farmer uses wood to build a house ____ they store grain.
A. with B. in where C. which D. in whichBDDD17. He failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.
A. which B. what C. it D. this18. Mont Blanc, ____ we visited last summer, is the highest mountain in Europe.
A. where B. that C. which D. what19. His brother had become a teacher, ____ he wanted to be.
A. who B. what C. which D. that 20. The audience (观众)，________，enjoyed the performance.
A. most of them were students
B. most of whom were students
C. they were mostly students
D. they themselves were students ACCB1. Anybody _____ breaks the rule will be punished.
A. who B. which C. as D. whose2. The book ______ you want is on my desk.
A. who B. whose C. that D. when3. The man _____ you met yesterday is my father.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. where4. Don’t buy the vegetables _____ are not fresh.
A. that B. who C. why D. whom 5. The girl __ you met at the gate is his younger sister.
A. which B. when C. whose D. whom 6. The man ___ called today left this message for you.
A. whom was B. who was
C. which was D. where was 7. It’s a shop____ sells medicine.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. where8. We visited the factory ____ makes toys for children.
A. where B. which C. in which D. at which9. The man _____ was a friend of mine.
A. to that you just talked
B. whom you just talked to
C. who you just talked to him
D. which you just talked to 10. ---What are you talking about?
---The factory and workers _____ we’ve visited.
A. that B. which C. where and whom D. what11. This is the school _____ library is the largest in our city.
A. which B. whose C. its D. it’s 12. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when 13. I shall never forget those days _____ I live in the country with the farmers.
A. which B. where C. that D. when 14. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom15. The days _____ we spent in Shanghai are not easily forgotten.
A. that B. when C. who D. whom16. Could you tell me where to get the book __ I need?
A. / B. what C. who D. whom17. Is this the school _____ we visited two years ago?
A. the one B. the one that C. there D. that 18. Is this problem __ your father explained yesterday?
A. the one B. one C. which D. that 19. What do you think of the people and things _____ you saw in the countryside?
A. which B. that C. who D. what 20. We should learn from those _____ are always ready to help others.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 21. Ahead of me I saw a woman _____ I thought was my aunt.
A. who B. whom C. of whom D. whose 22. The train _____ he was travelling on was late last night.
A. on which B. that C. when D. where 23. The film brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where 24. _____ is known to everybody the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What 25. There is no greater love than _____ who lays down his life for his friends.
A. that of a man B. a man
C. a man’s D. that of a man’s 6、状语从句：状语由句子充当
1）时间状语从句，常用连词：when, while, as, after, before, since, as soon as, until, whenever
a. He was watching TV when I came in.
b. Strike while the iron is hot.
c. As the sun rose, the fog disappeared.
d. Don’t get off the bus before it stops.
e. After he had finished reading the book, he returned it to the library.
f. Great changes have taken place in China since it was liberated.
g. She’ll give it to you as soon as she sees you.
h. He didn’t go to bed until his father came back.练习：
1. He won’t believe it ______ he sees it with his own eyes.
until2. People don’t know the value of health ______ they lose it.until3. ______ he finished his supper, he went out to play.After 4. I’ll tell him the news ____________ he comes.as soon as5. He was about to go to bed _____ the door bell rang.when6. He almost knocked me down ______ he saw me.before7. It was already ten o’clock ______ we got home.when8. Please look after the children ______ I am out.while9. He has visited fifteen Chinese cities ________ he came to China.
since10. You are always welcome _________ you call on me.whenever 2）地点状语从句：常用连词：where, wherever
a. Just stay where you are.
b. Wherever I go, I’ll never forget my hometown.
练习：
1. Those college students will go __________ they are needed after graduation.
wherever2. ________ there is a will, there is a way.Where3. Make a mark _______ you have any doubts or question.
where4. Wuhan lies _________ the Yangtze and the Han River meet.where5. They went __________ they could find work.wherever 3）原因状语从句：常用连词：because, as, since, for
a. He didn’t go to the cinema, because he had seen the film before.
b. It was because the car broke down that we had to stay in the mountain that night.
c. As the weather was fine, I opened all the windows.
d. Since we live near the sea, we can often go fishing.
e. He must be ill, for he is absent today.for: 补充说明原因，不能放在句首。because: 回答 why 和强调句中 4）条件状语从句：常用连词：if, unless, so long as
a. We’ll go for an outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
b. We can’t go home today unless we catch the last bus.
c. You can pass the exams so long as you study hard.
练习：
1. _________ he was ill yesterday, Tom didn’t go to school.
Because2. It must have rained last night, ______ the ground is wet.for3. I do it _________ I like it.because4. ________ you find either his address or his telephone number, you can’t get in touch with him.
Unless 5. Anyone can borrow books from the library ______ ___ he has library card. so long
as6. _____ your son hasn’t come back, let me take you to the hospital.Since 7. I’d like to go swimming _____ the water is not too cold.if8. The plane won’t take off _____________ the wind stops blowing.unless / until9. After the war, a new school building was put up _______ there had once been a theatre.where 5）目的状语从句：常用连词：so that, in order that
a. She learns English every day in order that she can pass the exam.
b. He worked very hard so that he could support his family.
6）结果状语从句：常用连词：so that, so…that…, such…that…
a. He didn’t review his lessons after class, so that he didn’t pass the exams.
b. English is so useful that most Chinese want to learn it.
c. He is such a clever boy that we all like him.
d. He is so clever a boy that we all like him.练习：
1. He is ____ fat _____ he can’t get into the room.
so that2. It is _____ a hard question ______ no one can answer it.
3. It is _____ hard a question ______ no one can answer it.
4. It was _____ exciting news ______ we all jumped with joy.
5. They are ______ boring books ______ no one wants to read them again.
6. There are _____ many seats ______ everyone can get one.
7. There is ____ little money left ____ he can’t buy it.such thatso thatsuch thatsuch thatso thatso thatmany, much, few, little(少) 8. Bring it nearer ________ I can see it clearer.
so that9. He planned his time carefully, _________ he could finish the work on time.so that10. He jumped into the river ____________ he could save the boy.in order that 7）比较状语从句：常用连词：as…as…, than, not so…as, the more…the more… a. He ran as fast as he could.
b. He runs faster than his brother.
c. He is not so healthy as his brother.
d. The more, the better.
e. The bigger a box is, the heavier it will be. 8）方式状语从句：常用连词：as, as if / as though, just as
a. The man carried the box away as he was told.
b. Do just as you like.
c. I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
9）让步状语从句：常用连词：though / although, even if/even though, as, whether…or…, no matter…
a. Though it was very cold, she went out without an overcoat.
b. We’ll try to finish the work on time although we are short of hands.
c. It doesn’t matter even if he doesn’t come. d. Young as he is, he knows a lot.
e. Whether it rains or shines, I’ll go tomorrow morning.
f. No matter what we do, we should always think of others.
g. No matter who knocks, don’t open the door.
练习：
1. Child _____ he is, his English is very well.
as2. No matter _______ you go, remember to phone your parents.where3. China has a larger population _____ that of America.than4. This car is less expensive _____ that one.than5. He doesn’t study so hard ____ his sister does.
as6. He succeeded in solving all the problems _____ expected.as7. _________ he worked all day, he couldn't finish the job.Although 8. Sometimes the more you tell him, ________ notice he takes.the less9. Linda used my bike freely _______ it belonged to her.as if10. Children need education _________ they need air and water.just as11. _________ late he is, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.However 课件14张PPT。名词(noun)1. 一般情况加 -s
computer peasant scientist
computers peasants scientists
2. 以 s, x, sh, ch 等结尾的词加 -es
boss fox bush match stomach
bosses foxes bushes matches stomachs
3. 辅音字母 + y 结尾，变y为i再加 -es
century country university
centuries countries universities
4. 以 f, fe 结尾，变为 -ves
knife half leaf
knives halves leaves名词单数变复数但：roof gulf chief belief
roofs gulfs chiefs beliefs
proof safe handkerchief
proofs safes handkerchiefs
5.以 o 结尾加 -s 或 -es
hero tomato Negro potato
heroes tomatoes Negroes potatoes
photo radio piano zoo
photos radios pianos zoos
bamboo video studio zero
bamboos videos studios zeros
6. 单、复数相同
sheep deer fish (fishes各种各样的鱼)
Chinese Japanese7. 特殊变化
man woman foot tooth
men women feet teeth
goose mouse child ox
geese mice children oxen
8. 只有复数形式
clothes trousers glasses goods
thanks shorts scissors scales
一条裤子 两套衣服
a pair of trousers two suits of clothes
三副眼镜 四把剪刀
three pairs of glasses four pairs of scissors
注：hair, fruit 表头发、水果总称
hairs（几根头发） fruits（各种水果）9. 合成词
policeman policewoman
policemen policewomen
Englishman Frenchman
Englishmen Frenchmen
postman German
postmen Germans
passer-by brother-in-law
passers-by brothers-in-law
go-between grown-up
go-betweens grown-ups
10. 形式上单数，意义上复数
people police cattle the public11. 形式上复数，意义上单数
physics politics maths news
12. 名词作定语
man doctor woman teacher
men doctors women teachers
shoe shop tooth-brush girl friend
shoe shops tooth-brushes girl friends下列哪些词是不可数名词?
chalk weather coffee news
time wood beef chicken
furniture fun milk cloth
不可数名词要借助量词
a piece of furniture two cups of coffee名词加 + s 与不加 + s 意义不同
papers works times coffees
文件、试卷 著作、工厂 时代、次/倍数 (几杯)咖啡
waters woods peoples manners
水域 森林 民族 礼貌
interests sands looks irons
利益 沙滩 外貌 镣铐
goods greens snows pains
货物 蔬菜 积雪 辛苦专有名词:人名、地名、组织机构名等的名词
Asia Sunday March National Day George Bush
the People’s Republic of China Hong Kong
the United States （USA） Macao Tibet 名词所有格
在名词后 + ( ’s ) 表示“……的”
Tom’s computer my mother’s brother
Chairman Mao’s works today’s newspaper
John’s wife’s car his brother-in-law’s bike
以 s 结尾的只 + ( ’ )
ten minutes’ walk/ride Teachers’ Day Women’s Day
Dickens’ books the Children’s Palace
the monument to the people’s heroes
几个共有的只在最后一个名词上 + ( ’s )
Tom and Jim’s room
Lily and Lucy’s mother不共有的分别 + ( ’s )
Tom’s and Jim’s trousers
Mr. Wang’s and Mr. Li’s sheep
特殊用法——省去被修饰名词
at Bill’s at my uncle’s
at the doctor’s at the butcher’s
无生命的东西用( of )
the roof of the house the cover of the book
双重所有格
a friend of my father’s a friend of mine1. They lived in this city all their ___________ .
A. life B. lifes C. lives D. live
2. What interesting ___________ !
A. work B. job C. story D. film 3. _________ you have!
A. What good memory B. How good memory
C. What a good memory D. How good memories 4. Can you give me two _________ ?
A. coffee B. cup of coffee
C. cups of coffees D. coffees 5. Different means _________ to prevent the surplus population of rats.
A. have tried B. have been tried
C. has tried D. has been tried 6. We’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no ____ but to take a taxi.
A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection
7. Here is my card. Let’s keep in _________ .
A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship 8. I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little ____ .
A. wait B. time C. rest D. patience 9. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask him or her to leave a ____ .
A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice 10. Sorry, there is no _____ for any more luggage.
A. rooms B. a room C. room D. any room 11. He dropped the _______ and broke it.
A. cup of coffee B. coffee’s cup
C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup
12. ---How far is it? ---It’s ______ ride from here.
A. a twenty minute’s B. a twenty minutes
C. a twenty minutes’ D. a twenty minutes’s 13. Swimming is _________ in summer.
A. a great fun B. funny C. great fun D. very funny 14. The field hospital sent five _______ to the front.
A. women doctors B. woman’s doctor
C. woman doctors D. women’s doctor 15. A wonderful theory! Why not put it into _____ ?
A. reality B. fact C. practice D. deed 16. The years has passed. I found she had ________ .
A. a little white hair B. some white hair
C. a few white hairs D. much white hairs
17. One of these books ________ to my friend.
A. belong B. belongs C. is belonged D. are belonged 18. It is bad ____ to speak with your mouth full of food.
A. manner B. manners C. way D. thing 19. The train left and was soon out of ________ .
A. watch B. sight C. seeing D. look 20. Every means _______ tried since then.
A. have B. has C. have been D. has been 21. Joan is ________ sister.
A. Mary & Jack B. Mary’s & Jack’s
C. Mary’s & Jack D. Mary & Jack’s
22. Mr. Green doesn't like to eat _____ , though he is fond of raising _____ .
A. chicken; chicken B. chickens; chickens
C. chicken; chickens D. chickens; chicken 23. ---I think that book belongs to ____ , doesn’t it?
---No, it’s ___________ .
A. Mary; Della B. Mary’s; Della’s
C. Mary; Della’s D. Mary’s; Della 24. In the crowded bus the young should make _____ for the old.
A. trouble B. room C. place D. seats 课件22张PPT。形容词和副词(Adjective & Adverb)形容词修饰名词或不定代词作定语、表语、宾语补足语副词修饰动词、形容词、副词、全句作状语、表语、宾语补足语a comfortable chairI have something important.Listen carefully!very beautifulquite wellUsually he stays at home.名词前不定
代词后 定语形容词和表语形容词
绝大多数形容词既能作定语又能作表语，例：
1) It’s an interesting story.——定语
2) The story is interesting.——表语
有些形容词只能作定语：
wooden daily
a wooden table daily life
有些形容词只能作表语：
afraid alone alive awake ashamed asleep
She is afraid to go out at night.
He is asleep now.
ill 作定语和作表语意义不同
She isn’t here today because she is ill.
ill luck ill news ill will ill effect ill words
厄运 坏消息 恶意 不良影响 坏话形容词和副词的原级、比较级(更…)和最高级(最…)
1、直接加-er，-est
young clever brave
younger cleverer braver
youngest cleverest bravest
2、辅音字母 + y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 -er、-est
happy early heavy
happier earlier heavier
happiest earliest heaviest
3、以一个辅音字母(w、y、r 除外)结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这一辅音字母再加-er、-est
fat thin hot slow
fatter thinner hotter slower
fattest thinnest hottest slowest 4、多音节词和派生的双音节词前加 more、most
beautiful expensive slowly
more beautiful more expensive more slowly
most beautiful most expensive most slowly
反向比较加 less、least less expensive
5、不规则变化

1) good
wellbetterbest2) bad
illworseworst3) many
muchmoremost4) littlelessleast
5) far
farther
furtherfarthest
furthest6) oldolder
elderoldest
eldest 形容词变副词
1、+ ly
careful recent final sudden true terrible
carefully recently finally suddenly truly terribly
2、以 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 加 -ly
happy heavy angry busy shy
happily heavily angrily busily shyly
3、形容词、副词同形
fast hard deep high early
4、hardly 几乎不 （意思与 hard 无关）
deeply 深深地 highly 高度地
5、加 ly 的不都是副词，名词加 ly 是形容词
friendly lovely fatherly
motherly brotherly sisterly原级、比较级和最高级的用法1、原级：
1）Yao Ming is ____ (tall).

tallThe Changjiang River is very _____ (long).long 只谈一个人或物时用原级
2）This book is as ________ (expensive) as that one.
He studies as _________ (carefully) as his sister.
He has as ______ (many) books as I do.expensivecarefullymany 3）He is not so ________ (strong) as I.
He doesn't study as ______ (hard) as his sister.stronghard前者不如后者时：用 “not so/as + 原级 + as…”两者一样时：用 “as + 原级 + as…” 4）到……程度：······enough to do something
He is old enough to go to school.
5）so…that…(如此…以致) 和too…to… (太…以致不能)
He is so old that he can’t look after himself.
He is too old to look after himself.2、比较级：
1）一个与另一个相比时：用“比较级 + than”
The Yangzi River is _____ than the Yellow River.
A car runs ______ than a bike.

longerfaster2）两个相比时：用which (one / 名词) / who
Which is ________, the sun or the moon?
Which subject is ___________, English or maths?
Who studies _________, Tom or Mary?biggermore difficultharder 3）表示“越……，越……”：
用“The + 比较级, the + 比较级”
The more English words you learn, the easier it is.
The more he eats, the fatter he will be.
4）表示“越来越……”：用“比较级 + and + 比较级”
He runs faster and faster.
It’s getting warmer and warmer.
5）表示两者中“更……”的一个：······of the two.
Mr. Brown is the stronger of the two.
注意：修饰比较级的词有
much a little four times two years
even far 20%
1) This computer is much better than that one.
2) His living condition is not good, and hers is even worse. 3、最高级： （the）
1） The Changjiang River is __________ river in China.
Of all the stars, the sun is _________to the earth.
athe(most = very)the longestthe nearest 三者或三者以上中“最……”，
of all, of the three, in China
2）Shanghai is one of ________ cities in the world.the largest最……之一：one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 3）Which one is __________, the sun, the moon or the earth?
Who is _____________, Tom, Tim or Jim?the biggestthe strongest 三个相比时：用which (one / 名词) / who …最高级注意：She is ______ most beautiful girl.
She is ______ most beautiful girl in the class.倍数表达法：先说倍数，然后……
1倍(once) 2倍(twice) 3倍以上(···times)
1、······倍数 + as + 原级 + as······
This room is three times as big as that one.
2、······倍数 + 比较级 + than······
This room is three times bigger than that one.
3、······倍数 + the +名词 + of ·····
This room is three times the size of that one.修饰动词用副词:
1. This kind of car sells _____ (good, well).
well2. He jumps ________ (high, highly).high3. They thought ________ (high, highly) of her.highly4. We were _____ (deep, deeply) moved by his story.deeply系动词后的表语用形容词：
look sound taste smell feel
This soup tastes _______ (good, well).
goodThe story sounds ________ (interesting, interestingly).interestingShe looked _________ (angry, angrily).angryShe looked ________ (angry, angrily) at the robbers.angrily1. He is _____ one of the two boys.
A. strong B. stronger
C. the stronger D. the strongestC2. He studies English _ , he can speak English fluently.
A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. hardlyA3. It takes a long time to go there by train. It’s _____
by road.
A. as less as B. the quickest
C. much quick D. quickerD4. This one is a bit tight for me. Do you have __ size?
A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the biggerB5. You can pass the exams _______ you study hard every day.
A. so long as B. so far as
C. as well as D. as good asA6. The story sounds _______ .
A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true7. I’d been expecting _____ letters the whole morning, but there weren’t ____ for me.
A. some; any B. many; a few
C. some; one D. a few; none8. This year they have produced ____ grain ____ they did last year.
A. as less; as B. as few; as
C. less; than D. fewer; than 9. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ____ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice
C. twice as many D. twice many asDACC10. ---Can I help you?
---Well, I’m afraid the box is _____ heavy for you, but thank you all the same.
A. so B. much C. very D. too11. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with __ money and ___ people.
A. less; less B. fewer; fewer
C. less; fewer D. fewer; less DC12. ---How did you find your visit to museum?
---I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was ___ than I expected.
A. far more interesting B. even less interesting
C. so more interesting D. a lot much interestingA13. Those oranges taste ________ .
A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be wellA14. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _______ .
A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. openingA15. ---Are you feeling ______ ? ---Yes, I’m fine now.
A. any well B. any better
C. quite good D. quite better16. How _____ can you finish the drawing?
A. often B. soon C. long D. rapidBB17. ______ from Beijing to London!
A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it
C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is18. She doesn’t speak _________ her friends, but her written works is excellent.
A. as well as B. as often as
C. so much as D. as good asDA19. John plays football _____ , if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well asB20. If there were no examinations, we should have ______ time at school.
A. the happiest B. a more happier
C. much happiest D. a much happierD21. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ____ great it is.
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever22. How beautiful she sings! I have never heard _____ voice.
A. the better B. a good C. the best D. a betterCD23. It’s always difficult beings in a foreign country, _____ if you don’t speak the language.
A. extremely B. naturally
C. basically D. especiallyD24. Would you be _______ do me a favour, please?
A. kind enough B. so kind as to
C. so kind to D. kind as toB25. Tom reached home at last, _______ .
A. tired and hunger B. tired and hungrily
C. tired and hungry D. felt tired and hungryC26. The apple tastes _______ and sells ________ .
A. well; well B. good; good
C. well; good D. good; well27. The harder you work, ___________ .
A. the greater progress you’ll make
B. the greater you’ll make progress
C. you’ll make the greater progress
D. you’ll make greater progressDA28. ---Are you satisfied with his answer?
---Not at all. It couldn’t have been ______ .
A. the worst B. better C. worse D. so badC29. This is _________ interesting film. It is ________ interesting film I’ve ever seen.
A. a most; the most B. a most; a most
C. the most; the most D. the most; a mostA30. This suit of dress is not good, and that suit is ______ better.
A. much B. even C. hardly D. still31. He studied ______ than you; otherwise, you would both have passed.
A. no harder B. harder
C. not harder D. much harder32. ______ little animals eat ______ many insects. It’s unbelievable.
A. So; so B. Such; such
C. So; such D. Such; soCAD33. Tom told me he would come and see us _______ the next month.
A. some time B. sometimes
C. sometime D. some timesC课件18张PPT。情态动词1. must —— 必须(主观上) mustn’t —— 决不可以
2. need —— 需要 needn’t —— 不必
3. have to —— 不得不(客观上)
4. ought to —— 应该
5. should —— 应该
6. can / could —— 能
7. may / might —— 可以
8. dare —— 敢1. must
1)必须(主观上)
a. I must go home now. It’s already eleven o’clock.
b. ---Must I return the book before this Sunday?
---Yes, you ______.
---No, you ________.

mustneedn’t mustn’t —— 决不可以
You mustn’t get off a bus before it stops.
2) “must + 动原”表示对现在情况的肯定推测
It’s 10:30 a. m. He must be in his office now.
They must work in a hospital.
3) “must + be doing”表示对现在情况的肯定推测
They must be having a meeting now. 4) “must + have done”表示对过去情况的肯定推测
I must have left my umbrella in the theater.
2. need 需要(用于否定、疑问句) needn’t 不必
1) need / needn’t + 原形
a. Need I explain it once more?
b. You needn’t come tomorrow.
2) “needn’t have done”本不必做（实际却做了）
---I sent him the dictionary by mail this morning.
---You needn’t have done that. He’s coming tomorrow.

* need 可以是实义动词，也可以是情态动词
a. You needn’t buy another mobile phone.
b. You don’t need to buy another mobile phone. 3. have to —— 不得不(客观上)
The last bus had left. So I had to walk home.
4. ought to / should —— 应该
Young people ought to / should learn how to use computer.
* “should / ought to + have done” 表示过去本应该做……（实际未做）
a. You should have come here earlier.
b. I ought to have locked the door.
* “shouldn’t / ought not to + have done”表示过去本不应该做……（实际却做了）
a. We shouldn’t have told her the bad news.
b. I was really anxious about you. You shouldn’t have left home without a word.5. can / could ——能
1) can / could + 动原
a. I can speak a little English.
b. Can you help me with my English?
2) 对现在进行疑问推测和否定推测“can/can’t + 动原”
a. ---Can that man be Mr. White?
---No, it can’t be him. He has gone to Japan.
b. Miss Li can’t be working in her office now.
3)对过去进行疑问推测和否定推测“can/can’t + have done”
a. Could she have forgotten my address?
b. ---I saw Mrs. Black in the theater yesterday.
---It couldn’t have been her. She was ill in hospital.6. may / might ——可以
1) may / might + 动原
a. You may go now.
b. ---May I take the book out of the reading-room?
---Yes, you _____.
---No, you _______.

canmustn’t2) “may / might + 动原” 对现在情况进行可能性推测
a. There might be something wrong with her.
b. He may be working in the tomato field.
3) “may / might + have done” 推测过去行为“想必”、“也许”
She may have missed the train.
4) 祈使句表示“祝愿”
a. May you succeed!
b. May that day come soon!
7. dare —— 敢
a. How dare you say that I was wrong. （情态动词）
b. He dare not tell her the truth. （情态动词）
c. We should dare to think, to speak and to act.
shall （用于二、三人称）
a. You shall get a birthday present. （许诺）
b. No one shall tell it to anyone else. （警告）
c. When he comes in, no one shall say a word.（命令）
d. ---Shall she come in and have a word with you?
---Yes, ask her to come in. （请求）
9. will 表示“意愿、意志”
a. I will try my best to learn English well.
b. He won’t let you try it again.
c. If you will help her, she will be very happy.1. You ____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not 2. Where is my pen? I _____ it.
A. might lose B. would have lost
C. should have lost D. must have lost 3. I didn’t hear the phone. I _____ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been
C. should be D. should have been 4. He _________ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give
C. may have given D. may give 5. A computer _______ think for itself, it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. might not 6. Peter _____ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will7. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I __ for her.
A. had to write it out
B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out
D. ought to write it out 8. Janny ____ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must B. should C. need D. would9. We _____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study
C. should have studied D. would study10. ---Could I borrow your dictionary?
---Yes, of course you ________ .
A. might B. will C. can D. should11. Tom ought not to _____ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told 12. ---Shall I tell John about it?
---No, you ____ , I’ve told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t13. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack ____ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can 14. ---Write to me when you get home.
--- _______________________ .
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can15. I was really anxious about you. You ____ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave 16. ---There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
---It ______ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been17. Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may
C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t18. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 19. ---When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
---They _____ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need?20. ---I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
---Oh, did you? You ___ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay
C. would stay D. must have stayed21. ---Will you stay for lunch?
---Sorry, ____ . My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t22. ---Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
---I’m not sure. I ____ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might 23. ---We were waiting for you this time yesterday.
---Sorry, I ___ you to tell you that I couldn’t come.
A. must have called
B. would have been calling
C. could have been calling
D. should have called24. You _____ have brought your camera. They all had theirs with them.
A. couldn’t B. needn’t C. wouldn’t D. mustn’t25. The meeting has already began. You ______ 10 minutes ago.
A. should come B. ought to come
C. must have come D. ought to have come 26. Little Franz wasted days and months when he ___ .
A. should study B. must study
C. should have studied D. must have studied27. ---______ the film be on now?
---It _____ be, but I’m not too sure.
A. Can; can’t B. May; mustn’t
C. Must; needn’t D. Can; may28. I _____ have returned your bicycle earlier. You _____ have needed it.
A. might; should B. should; might
C. must; should D. must; might29. We’d better hurry. Our teacher _________ us.
A. wait for B. must wait for
C. must be waiting for D. has waited for 30. I’ve decided to take the job and I _____ change my mind.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. may not31. He ____ have spoken at the meeting this morning. He was in hospital at the time.
A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t32. ---You were driving at 100km an hour, sir.
---But officer, I ___. My car can’t go more than 80.
A. may not have been B. couldn’t have been
C. wouldn’t have been D. needn’t have been 33. The woman ______, but she was taken to the hospital too late.
A. was saved B. could be saved
C. could have been saved D. would be saved 34. I didn’t do well in the English test this morning. I ____ my English last night.
A. must review B. should review
C. should have reviewed D. might review END课件15张PPT。数词(numeral)数词基数词序数词表数量：几表次序：第几1、基数词1——12为独立的单词
1 2 3 4 5 6
one two three four five six
7 8 9 10 11 12
seven eight nine ten eleven twelve2、基数词13——19均以-teen结尾
13 14 15 16
thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen
17 18 19
seventeen eighteen nineteen( teenager )4. 基数词21——99用整十的词加1—9的词
21 45 87
twenty-one forty-five eighty-seven5. 超过100的词用hundred，百位与十位或个位间加and
131
305
970
6113、基数词整十的均以-ty结尾(ten除外)
20 30 40 50
twenty thirty forty fifty
60 70 80 90
sixty seventy eighty ninetyone hundred and thirty-onethree hundred and fivenine hundred and seventysix hundred and eleven6. 超过1000的词用thousand
1,000 5,800
one thousand five thousand eight hundred
8,912
eight thousand nine hundred and twelve
7. 百万用 million，十亿用 billion
1,234,567,890
从个位向前数，三位一小节，用（，）隔开，最右的逗号为thousand，向左依次为 million，billion
此数读作：
one billion
two hundred and thirty-four million
five hundred and sixty-seven thousand
eight hundred and ninety基数词的用法
1、表示时间
1）先读点，再读分，整点的加o’clock
3:20 11:46
10:05 11:00
three twentyeleven forty-sixten fiveeleven o’clock2）分钟数小于、等于30时，用“分+past+点”
7:10 9:30 12:05ten past seventhirty past ninefive past twelve3）分钟数大于30时，用“(60—分) + to + (点+1)”
11:40 8:35 9:50twenty to twelvetwenty-five to nineten to ten4）半点用 half，一刻钟用 quarter
7:30 10:15 8:45
half past seven2. 表示年代：一般两位一组
1975 1900
2000 2004
nineteen seventy-fivenineteen hundred(the year) two thousandtwo thousand and four3. 编号
一年级5班 302房间 101中学
Class 5 Grade 1 Room 302 No.101 Middle Schoola quarter past tena quarter to nine1950s/the nineteen fifties in the fifties in her fifties20世纪50年代在50年代在她50多岁时基数词序数词1、第一、第二、第三为独立的词
one—first(1st) two—second(2nd) three—third(3rd)
2、从第四开始均以-th结尾
four six eleven thirteen one hundred
fourth sixth eleventh thirteenth one hundredth
注意：five twelve eight nine
fifth twelfth eighth ninth
3、整十的(-ty)变y为i加eth
twenty thirty fifty ninety
twentieth thirtieth fiftieth ninetieth
4、合成词只变最后一个
forty-one sixty-three one hundred and fifty-nine
forty-first sixty-third one hundred and fifty-ninthMay is the fifth month of the year.
Though he failed four times, he tried a fifth time.
序数词前要加 the，表示在原有基础上再一次时用 a分数表达法：
分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母变复数
1/3 2/3 3/5 7/10
1/2 1/4
3/4 one thirdtwo thirdsthree fifthsseven tenths百分数表达法：（percent）
45% 98%
forty-five percentninety-eight percentone halfa quarter / one fourththree quarters / three fourths小数表达法：小数点前按基数词读，小数点后逐位读，
小数点读（point）
25.38 0.1
twenty-five point three eight zero point one不用数词
1、星期（week）
周日 周一 周二
周三 周四 周五
周六
Sunday Monday Tuesday
Wednesday Thursday Friday
Saturday2. 月份（month）
一月 二月
三月 四月
五月 六月
七月 八月
九月 十月
十一月 十二月
January February
March April
May June
July August
September October
November December年、月、日、时表达法
1、1987年4月1日
(on) April 1, 1987
(on) April the first nineteen eighty-seven
2、1976年7月28日凌晨3点10分
at 3:10 on the morning of July 28, 1976
时间：点、月、日、年，“日”写成基、序均可，但读成序数词特例： 1. dozen score
12 20
2. dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million等
A. 前有基数词时，不用复数，不接of
B. 前无基数词时，必用复数，且加of
three hundred people two dozen eggs
ten thousand bees hundreds of people
tens of thousands of bees 但：1、score 后接名词时可加 of ，接时间不加 of
four score of books
three score years old
2、名词前有定冠词 the, 指示代词 these, those, 物主代词 your, his, her……修饰时，可用 of
Six hundred of his hens are suffering with bird flu.
two dozen of her eggs
five score of the computers数词作合成定语
a nine-year-old boy (一个九岁的男孩)
an 18-storeyed building (一幢十八层的大楼)
a three-legged chair (一把三条腿的椅子)
a one-eyed camel (一匹独眼骆驼)练习：
1. Shortly after the accident, two ______ policemen were sent to the spot to keep order.
A. dozen of B. dozens C. dozen D. dozens of
2. The hero of the story is an artist in his _____ .
A. thirtieth B. thirty C. thirty’s D. thirties 3. __________ of the population here are peasants.
A. Three four B. Three fourths
C. Third fourths D. Threes fourth 4. China, ____ largest country in area in the world, has a population of ______ billion.
A. 3rd; one point two B. the third; one point 2nd
C. the three; one point two D. the 3rd; one point two 5. Our teacher advised us to try it ________ time.
A. the third B. a third C. three D. the three
6. The big earthquake in Taiwan took place in ____ .
A. the 1990s’ B. 1990s C. the 1990s D. a 1990’s 7. ____ years ago, the kings of Egypt built strong tombs for themselves.
A. Thousands B. Thousand of
C. Thousand D. Thousands of 8. The students parted in ___________ .
A. two and three B. twos and threes
C. second and third D. two and third 9. The ______ sentences need retelling.
A. one third B. first three C. first one D. one three 10. Two ______ died of cold last winter.
A. hundreds old people B. hundred old people
C. hundreds old peoples D. hundred old peoples11. ______ of the earth’s surface is covered with water.
A. two thirds B. two threes
C. second thirds D. second threes12. Shortly after the accident, two ____ police were sent to the spot to keep order.
A. dozen of B. dozens C. dozen D. dozens of13. The number of people invited _____ fifty, but a number of them _____ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was
C. was; were D. were; were 课件6张PPT。构词法合成转化派生一、合成：两个或两个以上的词结合在一起构成一个新词
chair + man —— chairman（主席）
mother + land —— motherland（祖国）
class + room —— classroom（教室）
super + market —— supermarket（超市）
二、转化：词形不变，词类转变
face n.（脸）—— face v.（面对）
book n.（书）—— book v.（预订）
park n.（公园）—— park v.（停车）
三、派生：在词前或词后加前缀或后缀构成
1、-er（……的人）
farm — farmer 农夫 make — maker 制造者
prison—prisoner犯人 design—designer设计师
但 cook — cooker 厨具 post — poster 海报 2、-tion (v—n)
operate—operation手术 invent—invention发明
3、-ness (adj—n)
dark — darkness黑暗 happy—happiness幸福
4、-less (反义词)
hope — hopeless无望的 care — careless粗心的
home—homeless无家可归的 use — useless无用的
5、-ful (形容词)
care—careful小心的 wonder—wonderful精彩的
hope—hopeful有希望的 beauty—beautiful漂亮的
6、-y (n—adj)
rain — rainy阴雨的 wind — windy刮风的
cloud — cloudy多云的 sun — sunny阳光明媚的 7、-en (n—adj)
gold — golden wood — wooden
-en (v)
wide — widen strength — strengthen
8、-ly (adj—adv)
careful — carefully final — finally
heavy — heavily terrible — terribly
-ly (n—adj)
friend — friendly mother — motherly
9、 -ment (v—n)
develop—development improve—improvement
10、-or （……的人）
act — actor sail — sailor 11、un- （反义词）
happy — unhappy comfortable—uncomfortable
like — unlike fair — unfair
12、dis- （反义词）
like — dislike advantage — disadvantage
13、im- （反义词）
possible — impossible polite — impolite
14、non- （非）
non-stop non-smoker
15、inter-（相互间地）
net — internet national — international
16、pre- （预先）
school — pre-school liberation — pre-liberation 17、en- (v)
large — enlarge rich — enrich
courage —— encourage danger —— endanger
18、tele- （远程的）
telephone television telegram telescope课件17张PPT。虚拟语气1、与现在事实相反：
主句：
从句：
would / should / could / might + 动原动词过去式（be 用 were）1）如果我是你，我就努力工作。If I ______ you, I _____________ hardwerewould study2）如果我有钱，我就买一个收音机。
If I ______ money, I _____________ a radio.hadwould buy3）如果我是一只鸟，我就到蓝天上去翱翔。
If I _______ a bird, I ___________ in the sky.werewould fly4）如果我能腾出时间的话，我也愿意去。
I ___________ too if I ______ time to spare.would gohad 5）如果每个人都懂得急救，许多生命就会得以挽救。
If everyone ____ first aid, many lives ____________.knewwould be saved2、与过去事实相反：
主句：
从句：
would / should / could / might + have donehad done1）如果你昨天来，你就会看见她了。If you ________ yesterday , you _____________ her.had comewould have seen 2）如果你早点起， 你就赶上那趟车了。
If you _______ up earlier, you _______________ that bus.had gotwould have caught 3）如果他再努一点力的话，就不至于没及格。
If he __________ harder, he __________________ the exams.had studiedwould have passed 4）要不是忘了你的电话号码，我就打电话通知你了。
If I _________________ your telephone number, I _________________ you.had rememberedwould have phoned3、与将来事实可能相反：
主句：
从句：
would / should / could / might + 动原动词过去式should + 动原were to + 动原1）如果明天下雨，我们就不去郊游了If it _________ tomorrow, we _________________.should rainwould not go outing( rained / were to rain )4、错综时间虚拟语气：
1) If I _________ (take) the doctor’s advice then，I _______________ ill now. 2) If I _________ (study) hard before, I __________ (speak) English very well now.had takenshould not behad studiedwould speak 3) I was so busy then, otherwise I ______________ (come) to help you.would have come 4) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I _________________ (know) nothing about it.would have known 5) A man who stopped drinking water __________ dead in about seven days.would be 6) I was ill that day. Otherwise I _______________ (take) part in the sports meet.would have taken5、If 的省略, were / had / should 倒装到主语之前
3) If it should rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meet. —Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go outing.—Were I you, I would take his advice. —Had you come yesterday , you would have seen him.1) If I were you, I would take his advice. 2) If you had come yesterday , you would have seen him.6、表示愿望, 期待的虚拟语气1) 我要是记得他的地址就好了.I wish that I remembered his address.
If only I remembered his address.I wish I were a bird.
If only I were a bird.I wish I had bought the watch yesterday.
If only I had bought the watch yesterday.S + wish
If only(that)S did / were
S had done与现在相反
与过去相反2) 我真希望我是一只鸟.3) 我昨天买了那块手表就好了.4) 我要是没犯那个错误该多好.
I wish that I hadn’t made such a mistake.
If only I hadn’t made the mistake.
5).我希望他能再来.
I wish he could come again.
If only he could come again.
6).我希望明天不下雨.
I wish that it would not rain tomorrow.
If only it would not rain tomorrow.7、 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用
一坚持：insist
二命令：order, command
三建议：suggest, propose, advise
四要求：demand, require, request, ask
主句 + (that) + S + (should) + do1）医生建议我们不要抽烟。
The doctor suggested that we ________________.
2）他坚持要回家。
He insisted that he ______ home.
3）他命令我们不要睡觉。
He ordered that we ____________.
4）他要求我们按时读完这本书。
He demanded that we __________ the book on time.(should) not smokegonot sleepshould finish8、虚拟语气在主语从句的使用
It is suggested / ordered / insisted / demanded / requested ······ that + S + (should) + V
2）建议他休息几天。
It is suggested he ________ a rest for a few days.9、同位语从句和表语从句
suggestion / demand / order / advice ······ + that + S + (should ) + V
1) My suggestion is that ____________________
___________________ (派几个人去帮助他).
2) _______________________________________ (我们应订一个计划的建议) has been accepted. some people (should ) be sent to help them.The suggestion that we (should) make a plan1）有人要求她唱一首新歌。
It is requested that she ____________ a new song.should sing have
He seemed as if he ____________ abroad.到你起床的时候了。It’s time you _______________.
It’s time you _________.10、虚拟语气在状语从句中的使用
as if / as though + S + did / were 或 had done
1）他说起英语来就好象美国人似的。
He speaks English as if he ______ American.were2）现在好象是春天。
It seems as though it ______ spring.were3）他好象出过国。had been11、It is (high / about) time + S + should +do 或 didshould get upgot up1、要是没有空气, 我们就活不了.
2、若无你的帮助，他会失败的。
3、若无你的帮助，他早已失败了。
4、要不是你给他的那个面包，他早就饿死了。S + would have done
（与过去相反）Without (But for) air, we could not live.Without (But for) your help, he would fail.Without (But for) your help, he would have failed.12、Without / But for ······,S + would / could + do(与现在事实相反）Without (But for) your bread, he would have died.13. would rather thatI would rather you _____ me now.I would rather you ____________ that.did / were
had donepaidI would rather you ________ here than __________.remainedwent awayhadn’t doneI would rather you __________ there too.had gone1、当suggest译成“建议”， insist译成“坚持…做……”时，从句用(should) do…
2、当suggest译成“表明”， insist译成“坚持认为”时，从句用适当时态
Her pale face suggests that she ______ ill.
She insisted that she ______ right.iswas1. I wish I _______ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see 2. If my lawyer _____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented
B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent
D. were; would have prevented 3. ---If he ____ , he ____ that food.
---Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take
B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken
D. would have been warned; had not taken 4. If it ______ for the snow, we _____ the mountain yesterday.
A. were not; could have climbed
B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed
D. had not been; could climb5. Without electricity, human life _______ quite difficult today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 7. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 8. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______ .
A. breaks B. has broken
C. were broken D. had been broken 9. His face suggested that he ______ really tired after the long walk.
A. had been B. was C. be D. should be 10. It is important that we ____ close the window before we leave.
A. shall B. will C. must D. X 11. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness?
---Yes, but ______ it.
A. I’d rather not do B. I’d rather not have done
C. I shouldn’t do D. I’d better not do12. But for your help, we ________ .
A. shouldn’t succeed B. couldn’t have succeeded
C. would not succeed D. mustn’t have succeeded 13. He felt lonely and sad as if the whole world _____ against him.
A. turns B. has turned C. had turned D. is turning End课件18张PPT。被动语态(Passive Voice)动
词
的
语
态主动语态被动语态主语是动作的执行者We water the flowers once a week.They caught the thief stealing a bike.主语是动作的承受者The flowers are watered once a week.The thief was caught stealing a bike.一、被动语态的构成：
be 动词 + 及物动词的过去分词
二、各种时态的被动语态：
主动句变被动句：
a. 主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语
b. 被动句的谓语由“be + 原主动句谓语动词的过去分词”构成，由 be 体现时态（语态变了，时态不能变）
c. 主动句的主语变为 by 的宾语，可省略
1、一般现在时：
The dustmen clean the street every morning.
The streetis cleanedby the dustmenevery morning.The street is cleaned every morning.am / is / are + 过去分词 2、一般过去时：
We hid the ball behind the door last night.
The ball _________ behind the door by us last night.was / were + 过去分词3、一般将来时：
They will plant some pine trees in the park.Some pine trees ________________ in the park.will be + 过去分词4、现在进行时：
The workers are building a new bridge over the river.A new bridge ________________ over the river.am / is / are + being + 过去分词5、过去进行时：
The doctors were operating on him when I arrived. He _______________________ when I arrived.was / were + being + 过去分词was hiddenwill be plantedis being builtwas being operated on 6、现在完成时：
He has posted all the letters.
All the letters________________.have / has + been + 过去分词1、双宾语：一个变主语，另一个不动(间宾前加介词)
My friend bought me two English books.
I ____________ two English books.
Two English books ____________ for me.2、主动句中省去的 to，被动句中要写出来
The boss made the workers ______ 14 hours a day.
The workers were made ________ 14 hours a day.７、情态动词：
You must return the book tomorrow.
The book ________________ tomorrow.must / can / may + be + 过去分词have been postedmust be returnedwas boughtwere boughtworkto work练习：变被动语态
1. She asked me to come a little later.
I was asked to come a little later.
2. We built this house in 2004.
This house was built in 2004.
3. He showed me the way to the station.
I was shown the way to the station.
4. You must do it right now.
It must be done right now.
5. They are building a new library near our home.
A new library is being built near our home.
6. They have given us a very difficult job.
We have been given a very difficult job.7. He will show us a few good films.
We will be shown a few good films.
8. A large number of people can speak English in the world now.
English can be spoken by a large number of people in the world now.
9. We must put the computer here.
The computer must be put here.
10. At that time they taught him how to cook these vegetables.
At that time he was taught how to cook these vegetables. 1. No permission has ____ for anybody to enter the building.
A. been given B. given C. to give D. been giving 2. I ____ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given 3. The police found that the house ____ and a lot of things _____ .
A. has broken into; has been stolen
B. had broken into; had been stolen
C. has been broken into; stolen
D. had been broken into; stolen 4. ---Have you moved into the new house?
---Not yet, the rooms ___.
A. are being painted B. are painting
C. are painted D. are being painting 5. If city noises ____ from increasing, people ___ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to
C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep ; have to 6. In some parts of the world , tea ____ with milk and sugar.
A is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 7. ---Do you like the material?
---Yes, it ____ very soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt8. I need one more stamp before my collection ____.
A. has completed B. completes.
C. has been completed D. is completed 9. A new cinema __ here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built B. is built
C. has been built D. is being built 10. Visitors __________ not to touch the exhibits.
A. will request B. request
C. are requesting D. are requested11. The letter ____ a week ago and it ____ yesterday.
A. had posted; had arrived
B. was posted; arrived
C. posted; arrived
D. had been posted; was arrived12. Don’t take the dictionary away. It ________ me.
A. belongs to B. is belong to
C. is belonged to D. is belonging to 13. I’m sorry I’m late. I have to drive another way, for the bridge on the way __________ .
A. is rebuilding B. is being rebuilt
C. has been rebuilt D. was rebuilt 14. --- ___ the sport meet might be put off.
---Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told 练习：
１、这个城市用水很多。
A great deal of water is used in this city.This house was built in 1958.Football is also played in our school.The work has been finished.Mr. Li will be invited to give us a talk tomorrow.The cake is being made now.English is spoken all over the world.２、这个房子建于１９５８年。３、我们学校也踢足球。４、工作已经完成了。５、明天邀请李先生来作报告。６、蛋糕正在做着。７、世界各地都讲英语。8、下周五上午进行英语演讲比赛。
An English speaking contest will be held next Friday morning.Trees have been planted on both sides of the road.A bridge is being built ahead.A cinema will be built in my village.The thief has been caught.She was seen slipping into the room.He is said to have been admitted to Beijing University.9、路两旁都种上了树。10、前面正在建桥。11、我们村将建一家电影院。12、小偷已经抓着了。13、有人看见她溜进了房间。14、据说他被北大录取了。1、我高兴地得知你通过了今年的高考，考入了南开。
I ____ very glad to learn that you __________the college entrance examination successfully this year and ___________________ into Nankai University.amhave passedhave been admitted2、今天是母亲节，晚饭后我开始看电视，过了一会儿，我到厨房，看到母亲在刷碗，我感到很惭愧。 It ___ Mothers’ Day today. After dinner, I _____ to watch TV. Then I ______ to the kitchen and _____ Mother cleaning dishes. Suddenly, I ____ ashamed.
isbeganwentsawfelt3、明天是我的生日，我打算请一些朋友，我们将一起唱歌跳舞。 Tomorrow ___ my birthday. I _______________ some of my friends. We ________________ together.isam going to invitewill sing and dance4、我的家乡在中国的北方，占地面积20平方公里，冬天到处白雪皑皑。 My hometown, covering an area of 20 square kilometers, ____ in the north of China. It __________ _________ with snow in winter.lies is always covered5、周五下午举行足球比赛。 A football match __________ this Friday afternoon.will be held6、一天，我在路上走，一个陌生人朝我跑来。 One day, when I _____________ on the road, a stranger _____ up to me.was walkingran7、今天我们去农场植树，干的正起劲时突然下起了雨，我们赶忙朝一所大房子跑去。 Today, we ______ to a farm to plant trees. When we _______________ happily, it _______ to rain. We _________ to a big house. wentwere workingbeganhurried8、几年来我的家乡发生了巨变，建起了医院、学校、超市等，电影院也在建设中。 Great changes ______________ in my hometown in the past few years. Hospitals, schools, supermarkets and so on ___________________. A cinema __________________.have taken placehave been set upis also being built9、上周，那片灌木丛着火了，火是由人吸烟引起的。 Last week, a big fire __________ in the bush. It _____________ by a man smoking. broke outwas caused10、四年前，我大学英语系毕业，现已作导游三年。 I __________ from the English department of a university four years ago. I _________________ as a guide for three years.
graduatedhave been workingEnd课件50张PPT。非谓语动词不定式动名词分词动词不定式1、何时用动词不定式？
当句子中谓语动词之外又出现动词时，一般用不定式
2、动词不定式的构成：
to + 动词原形1、动词不定式的一般式：
1) I want ________ an English-Chinese Dictionary.
2) He asked me __________ him with his English.
3) It is necessary for us ___________ English.
4) It’s very kind of you _________ me.
5) ________ the poor is our duty.
6) The greatest happiness is ________ the people.
7) I have a lot of work _________ every day.
8) She went home _________ her parents.
9) _________ up with others, he studied very hard.2、不定式的否定式：
1) The policeman told the children ___________ in the street.
2) He decided ___________ in the city any more.to buyto helpto learnto helpTo helpto serveto doto seeTo catchto donot to playnot to livenot to do3、不定式的进行式
1) He pretended _______________books when his father entered the room.
2) They are said _______________ a meeting now.
to be readingto be havingto be doing4、不定式的完成式
1) I am sorry ______________ you so much trouble.
2) I pretended not ________________ her.to have givento have seento have done5、不定式的被动式
1) I wanted the letter ______________ at once.
2) The books and magazines are not allowed ______________ out of the reading-room.
3) I thought it an honour ____________________ to the party.to be typedto be takento have been invitedto be done / to have been done 4) The novel is said _____________________ into seven languages.

to have been translated 5) I have much homework _______ every day. to do6) Do you have anything _________ to your parents? to be taken7) There is nothing _________. to seeseeing8) There is nothing ___________. to be seen= There is nothing at all.= Nothing is worth ________. 6、主动形式表被动意义
1) The house is ________.
2) She is not the person _________.
3) The cause is not far _________.to rentto blameto seek7、不定式 to 的省略：
在感官动词(see, hear, watch, notice, feel…)和使役动词(make, let, have)后的不定式省去 to
1) The boss made the workers _____ 12 hours a day.

work2) I saw him ______ off his bike. fall3) Let me ______ you _______ the piano.hearplay4) I would have him ______ for me. wait5) Did you notice anyone ______ in?come在主动语态中省去的 to，被动语态要保留
1) The workers were made ________ 12 hours a day. to work2) He was seen __________ the room.to enter8、疑问词与不定式连用：
1) I don’t know _____________ his son.
2) ______________ has not been decided.
3) No one could tell me _________________.
4) I wonder __________ for the dinner.
5) I really don’t know _____________ his advice.
6) The question is ____________ with the money.9、不定式短语
1) She came here at midnight ____________ have a look at the pop star.
2) He checked the names carefully ________ avoid mistakes.
3) She was ____ angry _______ be unable to speak.where to findWhen to startwhich bus to takewho to paywhether to takewhat to buyin order toso as toso as to 4) We are not _____ fools _______ believe him.

such as to 5) The book is ___________ for me _________. easy enoughto read6) He is not ________________ join the army. old enough to7) He is _____ young __________ the army. too to join too to see 8) He is ___ anxious / eager ______ the famous star.9) You can’t be too careful when crossing the street.
10) Why not try it again?
11) Mother could do nothing but ______ for the doctor to come.
12) We had no choice but _________ till it stopped raining.waitto wait练习：
1) It is not easy ____________ (learn) a foreign language well.
to learn2) It took us two hours ________ (get) there by bus.to get3) It’s foolish of you ________ (believe) what he said.to believe4) Our plan is _________ (finish) the work in two weeks.to finish5) He is always the first person __________ (come) and the last one _______ (leave).to cometo leave6) She uses a computer ___________ (write) article.to write7) _______ (catch) the first bus, I have to get up early.To catch8) He advised me ____________ (not drive) too fast.not to drive动名词1、何为动名词？
在动词原形词尾加 ing (形式同现在分词)
2、动名词的特征：
动名词既有动词特征，又有名词特征1、动名词的一般式：-ing
1) I like ________ very much.

skating2) ______ (see) is _________ (believe). Seeingbelieving3) _______ aloud in the reading-room is a bad habit.Reading4) It’s a waste of time _________ (argue) with him.arguing5) My favourite sport is __________(swim). swimminglistening6) I enjoy __________ to light music. 7) He is good at ________ basketball. playing8) Thank you for _______ me.helping9) She left without _______ good-bye. saying10) Do you mind my _________ (smoke) here ?smoking2、动名词的否定式：not + 动名词
1) I apologize for ______________ (not, tell) you the news.

not having told2) I regret ________ (not) able to inform you in time. not being3) What worried the child most was his _________ ________ (allow) to visit his mother in the hospital. not being allowed3、动名词的完成式：having + 过去分词
动作发生在谓语动词之前
1) I regretted ______________ (buy) that house. having bought2) He was punished for ______________ the law.having broken4、动名词的被动式：being + 过去分词
1) He came in without _____________ (ask). being asked 2) She hates ________________ (laugh) at.

being laughed3) The question is far from ___________ (settle).
being settled不定式与动名词的区别1、动名词表示抽象习惯性；
不定式表示具体一次性：
1) I like _________ (skate) very much.
2) I like ________ (skate) on the lake this afternoon.

to do sthdoing sth停下来去做某事停止做某事a. Stop _______ (talk)! It’s time for class.
b. We’ve worked for an hour. Let’s stop ______a rest.skatingto skate3) ________ (smoke) is bad for your health. Smoking4) I prefer ________ (walk) to _________ (ride). walking riding5) I prefer ________ (stay) at home today.to stay2、动名词与不定式意义不同1) stoptalkingto have
2) remember
to do sthdoing sth记得要去做某事（未做）记得做过某事（做完了）a. ---Tom, do you still remember _______ the letter?
---Yes. I will post it this afternoon.
b. Are you Mr. Smith? I remember ______ (see) you somewhere before.3) forgetto do sthdoing sth忘了要去做某事（未做）把做过的事忘了a. ---Don’t forget ________ (invite) Tom to the party.
---I won’t.
b. ---You asked me to wait for you in front of the cinema, but why didn’t you come?
---I am very sorry. I forgot _______ (say) that.to postseeingto invitesaying
4) go on
to do sthdoing sth继续做同一件事(做完一件事后)继续做另一件事a. They went on _________ (work) in the field for four hours without having a rest.
b. After he finished doing his maths exercises, he went on _________ (read) English. 5) needto do sthdoing(某人) 需要去做某事(某人 / 某事) 需要被……a. She needs ________ (buy) a new computer.
b. His bike needs _____________________ (repair).
c. The old man needs ______________ good care of.workingto readto buyto be takenrepairing / to be repaired=to be done

to do sthdoing sth对要做的事表示遗憾对做过的事深表懊悔a. I regret ______ (tell)you that you can’t get the job.
b. I regret _________________ his advice.7) tryto do sthdoing sth设法做某事试着做某事Please try ________ (do) better next time.
He tried ___________ (speak) English to us.6) regret8) meanto do sthdoing sth打算做某事意味着……I didn’t mean _________ (hurt) you.
This means _________ (set) out at once.to tellnot having acceptedto dospeakingto hurtsetting 9) used to 与 be used to
(1)
a. He ___________ in the river when he was young.
b. There ___________ a tall tree.
used to swimused to beused to do sth 过去常常做某事 （现在不做了） He would swim in the river when he was young.
比较：would do 也表示过去常常，但不含“现在不……” 的意思 (3)a. This bottle ___________________ (keep) oil.(2)b. A knife ______________ things.be used to do sth 被用于……a. She ________________ English in the morning. is used to readingb. I __________________ (live) in the city.was used to keepis used to cutam not used to livingbe used to doing sth 习惯于…… 3、只能用动名词的情况：
1) 在 enjoy, finish, mind, miss, practise, suggest, insist on, give up 等动词后，再出现动词只用动名词
1) I enjoy _______ (have) a chat with the aged.
2) Have you finished _________ (read) the book?
3) Do you mind my ________ (smoke) here?
4) I don’t want to miss ________ (see) the singer on the TV tonight.
5) We should practise _______ English every day.
6) He suggested ________ there on foot.
7) She insisted on ______ it herself.
8) You should give up __________ (smoke).
9) I have the mind ___________ (study) abroad.
10) I have made up my mind ________ up early.havingreadingsmokingseeingreadinggoingdoingsmokingto studyto getDear Jim,
Thank you for _______ to me. In your letter, you suggested my ___________ more English. Thanks. I spend half an hour in ________ to English programs
and twenty minutes ______ English every morning. I practise _________ English all the time. Now, I’m in Senior 3. I’m used to _____ here. I’m fond of ______ the guitar and I also enjoy ________ football. When I finish _______ my homework, I read books. I have succeeded in ________ all the exams. Although I’m tired, I’m very happy. I’ll insist on _________ hard. I’m considering _________ in Britain next year. I’ll devote myself to __________, too.
I’m looking forward to ________ you.
Li Huawritingspeakinglisteningreadingspeakinglivingplayingplayingdoingpassingstudyingstudyingteachingmeeting 2) 在 It’s no use …、It’s a waste of time … 、It’s no good …句式中只用动名词
a. It’s no use __________ (cry) over the spilt milk.
b. It’s no good __________ TV all day long.
c. It’s a waste of time __________ (argue) with him.

cryingwatchingarguing3) 在wish, decide, pretend, manage, promise, hope, agree 等动词后只用不定式
a. I hope ___________ (have) a good rest.
b. I agree _____________ (finish) the work today. to haveto finish4) 在 allow, advise, consider, permit 等动词后，动名词作宾语，不定式作宾补
a. We don’t allow _________ here.
b. We don’t allow anyone ____________ here.smokingto smoke练习：
1) My job is ________ (teach) English.
teaching2) Would you mind _________ (open) the window?opening3) Thank you for ________ (help) me.helping4) The police succeeded in __________ (catch) the murderer.catching5) He dislikes ______________ (treat) like that.being treated6) He didn’t mind ___________ (leave) at home.being left7) The house needs _________ (clean).cleaning8) We enjoy _________ (work) with you.working9) Don’t forget _________ (return) the book to the library when you finish ________ (read) it.to returnreading分词现
在
分
词过
去
分
词现在分词：-ing
1、现在分词的一般式: -ing
1) They talked in low voices in order not to wake up the _________ (sleep) child.
2) The woman _________ in the field is his mother.
3) The news was ____________ (disappoint).
4) She kept me ___________ for a long time.
5) They went into the classroom, _________ and ___________.
6) ___________ (stand) on the top of the hill, we can see the whole city clearly.sleepingworkingdisappointingwaiting talking laughingStanding 2、现在分词的完成式：having + 过去分词
现在分词一般式表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生
1) _________ the good news, she jumped with joy.

being repairedbeing operated onHearing2) She sat there _________ a newspaper. reading 现在分词的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
1) ____________ the film twice, he didn’t go to the cinema last night. Having seen2) _______________ his work, he went home.Having finished3、现在分词的被动式：being + 过去分词
1) The building _______________ is a supermarket.
2) The man _________________ is a driver.现在分词的被动式与动名词的被动式
1) The boy being examined is Tom.
2) He came without being asked.
Having been askedHaving been given5、现在分词的否定式：not + 现在分词
1) _____________ (not, know) which bus to take, he went to a policeman for help.
2) ____________________ (not receive) the reply, he wrote another letter.Not knowingNot having received4、现在分词完成式的被动式：having been done
1) ________________ (ask) to stay, I couldn't leave.
2) _________________ (give) such a good chance, how could you let it slip away?现在分词与不定式：
在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等动词后，现在分词表示动作正在进行，不定式(省去to)表示动作过程结束
see / hear sbdoing sthdo sth看见 / 听见某人正在做某事看见 / 听见某人做了某事1) I saw them playing basketball just now.
2) I saw him fall off his bike just now.
3) ---Do you hear someone knocking at the door?
---Yes. I heard him knock three times.现在分词与过去分词:
1、现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动
1) I heard someone _________ (open) the door.
2) I heard the door ___________ (open).
3) _______ (take)a gun, he rushed out of the house.
4) ________ by some guards, he entered the room.
5) Tell the children _________ (play) there not to make so much noise.
6) He is a man _______ (love) by all.
openingopenedTakingFollowedplayingloved2、现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成
1) We can see the _______ (fall) leaves in the air.
2) We can see the _____ (fall)leaves on the ground.
3) China is a ___________ (develop) country while America is a ___________ (develop) country. fallingfallendevelopingdeveloped3、有些表示情感的词 (excite, disappoint, bore, tire, interest, satisfy, please, move, touch, surprise, shock, astonish) 等，其分词作定语或表语时，现在分词修饰物，过去分词修饰人
1) the _______ news The news is _________.
2) the _______boy The boy is ________.
3) The result is ____________.
4) She looked ________________.
5) I am _____________ with what he did.
6) You can see the ________ look on his faceexcitingexcitingexcitedexciteddisappointingdisappointedsatisfiedtired不定式与动名词
1. I agreed ___________(paint) the house gray.
to paint2. They _______________ us to enter their factory to take some photos.allowed3. We don’t allow __________ (smoke) here.4. We hope __________ (visit) the Statue of Liberty.to visit5. I _______________ them to win the game.want6. He advised __________ (try) it another way.7. They advised us ___________ (go) there by road.smokingtryingto go8. We suggest ___________ (start) at once.starting9. She suggested Tom __________ (send) to Beijing.be sentagreedhope1. I saw him ________ (fall) off his bike and ran there to help him.
2. I saw him ________ (make) a model plane when I opened the door.
3. I saw him ________ (take) to the nearest hospital.
4. I heard him _______ (sing) a song when I passed.
5. I often hear the song _______ (sing) by him.fallmakingtaken1. The boss made the workers ________ (work) 14 hours a day.
2. He waved his hand to make himself ___________ (notice).
3. He went to Australia and made some friends there _______________ (learn) English well.worknoticedto learnsingingsung1. I need _________ (buy) an English-Chinese Dictionary.
2. The house needs _____________________ (paint).
3. The old lady needed ______________ (take) to hospital at that moment.to buypainting / to be paintedto be taken练习：
_______ (see) from the top of the tower, we found the city very beautiful.
_______ (see) from the top of the tower, the city looks very beautiful.
_______ (see) the whole city, we climbed to the top of the tower.
____________ (see) the film twice, he didn’t go to the cinema.
_______ (climb) to the top of the tower, and you’ll find the city very beautiful.Seeing Seen To seeClimb Having seen1. Did you go to the party _____ on New Year’s Eve?
A. held B. to be holding
C. to be held D. being held
A2. ____ a deep breath, they dived into the water.
A. Taken B. Taking C. To take D. TookB3. The film was so _____ that all of us were ______ to tears.
A. moved; moving B. moving; moved
C. moving; moving D. moved; moved
4. _____ that mistake once, I shall not make the same mistake again.
A. Made B. To make C. Making D. Having made 5. The poor boy looked to the right and to the left, ____ where to go.
A. not knowing B. knowing not
C. didn’t know D. not to know
A6. Do you know the man ____ under the tree?
A. stand B. stands C. standing D. stood C7. When first _______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced
C. introduce D. being introducedB8. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ____
out of the window.
A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having lookedA9. ____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Have waited
C. Having waited D. To have waited 10. ____ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.
A. Having been told B. Though he had been told
C. He was told D. Having told 11. It happened ____ when I got off the bus.
A. to rain B. raining C. to be raining D. rained 12. Tell the children ____ there not to make so much noise.
A. play B. playing C. to play D. played 13. The flowers _______ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 14. The disc, digitally _______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded B. recording
C. to be recorded D. having recorded 15. Having been attacked by terrorists, ____ .
A. doctors came to their rescue
B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken
D. warnings were given to terrorists. 16. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 17. Generally speaking, _________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking B. when taken
C. when to take D. when to be taken 18. The research is so designed that once ___ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun
C. beginning D. begun 19. ____ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 21. ____ carefully, the patient left the hospital.
A. Having examined B. Being examined
C. Examining D. Having been examined 20. ____ in the street, he found a wallet _____ on the ground.
A. Walking; lying B. Walked; lying
C. Walking; laying D. Walked; lain 22. ---Is that the laundry? I have some clothes ____.
---Leave them in your room, please, and we’re going to fetch them soon.
A. to wash B. to be washed
C. washed D. to washed 23. I have nothing important on tonight. Do you have clothes ____ to the laundry?
A. to be taken B. to take
C. to taking D. taken 24. ____ as the “First Lady of Speech”, Dr. Lillian Glass is recognized as one of the world’s leading experts on communication skills.
A. Knowing B. Having known
C. Known D. To be known 26. ____ in the corner, he began to listen to pop music.
A. Sit B. Seat C. Seating D. Seated 27. ____ in red, she danced madly.
A. Wearing B. Dressing C. Dressed D. Worn 28. ____ with what I did, the boss gave me 10 more pounds as a prize.
A. Satisfied B. Satisfy C. Satisfying D. To satisfy seat sb = sb is seateddress sb = sb is dressedsatisfy sb with sth = sb is satisfied with sth 25. There is a big hall in our school, ____ 1,000 people.
A. seating B. sat C. seated D. sitting 30. In order ____, he hid himself in a cave.
A. not to find B. to be not found
C. not to be found D. to not find 31. Tom pretended ____ it but in fact he knew it very well.
A. not to hear about B. to haven’t heard about
C. to have heard about D. not to have heard about 29. ____ to give up smoking, he threw away his ____ cigarettes.
A. Determined; remained B. Determined; remaining
C. Determining; remained D. Determining; remaining He was determined to give up smoking.32. Tom is said ________ a new computer program recently, but I don’t know when he will finish it.
A. to design B. to be designing
C. to have been designing D. to have designed 33. Just after putting away the dishes, ___________.
A. the door bell rang
B. Nancy heard the door bell ring
C. someone knocked at the door
D. the door bell was rung 34. ________ of reading, he put down the book and stopped ________ TV.
A. Tired; watching B. Tiring; to watch
C. Tired; to watch D. Tiring; watching 35. I saw your father ____ under the trees, ____.
A. seat; thinking B. seating; thought
C. seated; think D. seated; thinking 36. ____ how to solve the problem, he went to the teacher.
A. Not know B. Not knowing
C. Knowing not D. Not known 37. I will go to the party if ___________.
A. invite B. invited C. inviting D. to invite 分词作定语的位置
1. 单个的分词作定语时位于其所修饰的名词前面.
a disappointing talk a disappointed man
2. 分词短语作定语时位于其所修饰的名词后面。
a. The boy standing in front of the house is Tom’s brother.
?b. The girl dressed in blue is my daughter.
3. 如果被修饰的词是不定代词或有不定代词所修饰, 此时即使是单个分词作定语也要放在被修饰的名词后面。
a. Anyone wishing to leave early may do so.
b.?Most of the people singing were students.
c. Some of the people questioned refused to answer. 简化定语从句的方法
一、把定语从句简化成分词短语：
如果定语从句的谓语是主动语态，简化成现在分词；被动语态简化成过去分词；进行时的被动语态改为现在分词的被动式。
1. The man who is talking to my father is my English teacher.
→The man _________________ is my English teacher.
talking to my father2. This is the book which was written by Lu Xun.
→This is the book __________________. written by Lu Xun3. The building which is being built now will be a hospital.
→The building _________________ will be a hospital.being built now二、把定语从句简化成不定式：
如果定语从句的谓语动词含有情态动词或先行词前有序数词、only、last等修饰或谓语动词是将来时态时，可简化成不定式短语。
1. They built a house, which could store the grain.
→They built a house ____________________.
to store the grain2. I was the only person who was invited.
→Ｉwas the only person ________________.to be invited3. He was the last person that left the classroom.
→He was the last person _____________________. to leave the classroom4.The building which will be built next year will be a hospital.
→The building ______________________ will be a hospital. to be built next year三、把定语从句简化成形容词、形容词短语或介词短语。
如果定语从句中作表语的是形容词、形容词短语或介词短语，则可把关系词和谓语动词be去掉。
1. This is a park which is very beautiful.
→This is a _____________________ park.
very beautiful2.The basket which was full of vegetables was stolen.
→The basket ________________ was stolen. full of vegetables3. Who is the man that is near the door?
→Who is the man ________________?near the door四、把定语从句简化成名词短语。
如果定语从句中作表语的是名词短语，则可把关系词和谓语动词be去掉。
1. Mr. Black, who is my English teacher, is strict in his work.
→Mr. Black, _________________, is strict in his work.
my English teacher 2. Yao Ming, who is a basketball star, speaks English very well.
→Yao Ming, ________________, speaks English very well.a basketball starEnd课件6张PPT。音标与音节音 标元音辅音单元音双元音短元音长元音清辅音浊辅音………75828/i:/ / i //e//?//?://?//?://?//u://u//?://?//ai//ei//?u//au//i?//??//u?//?i//b//p//d//t//g//k//f//v//s//z//?//?//d?//t?//?//?//dr//tr//dz//ts//l//r//h//m//n//?//w//j/开音节与闭音节在英语音标(48个)中，元音有20个，辅音有28个。
而在英语字母(26个)中，元音字母只有5个:
a、e、i、o、u。音节：一个单词的音标中含有几个元音就叫几音节词。
(1. 双元音算一个; 2. 包括辅音后的/l/和/n/)
例如：strict /strikt/ sky /skai/
单音节词 单音节词
order /`?:d?/ bottle /`b?tl/
双音节词 双音节词
cotton /`k?tn/ necessary /`nesis?ri/
双音节词 四音节词{开
音
节name these hide jokeuse1、一个元音字母 + 一个辅音字母 + 一个不发音的字母 e 结尾共同点：字母发什么音，在单词中就发
什么音she hino2、辅音字母 + 一个发音的元音字母结尾闭音节{stopmustmatch 共同点: 一个元音字母 + 辅音字母(w, y, r 除外)结尾重读音节1、所有单音节词都重读。2、双音节词和多音节词，至少一个音节重读（`）。找出下列单词中的重读开音节词(—)和重读闭音节词(—)
age bake bank beach
wise stay cake coast
desk slow easy farm
film glad home list
mad net pile quiet
silk wash ago forget
begin admit advice star