语法[上学期]
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课件34张PPT。虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气的特点1. 虚拟语气用以表示假定，想象，愿望等非事实的观念。
2. 虚拟条件从句中的条件是假设的，因此主句的结论也只能是想象的，非事实的。
3. 这些特点决定了它必须使用不同于真实句的动词形式。按时间分类1 与 现在事实相反的虚拟
2 与 过去事实相反的虚拟
3 与 将来事实相反的虚拟
1.与 现在事实相反的虚拟 公式
were might
If + S. +{ , S. + { would + V原
did… could
should Examples:1. I f I were you, I shouldn’t do that.
2. If he asked me, I would help him.
Transformation and comprehension 1. If I had a car, I should be very happy.
(In fact, I don’t have a car.)
2.If I were rich, I would buy a car.
(Actually, I am not rich.)
2.与过去事实相反公式
If + S. + had + done… ,
might
S. + { would +have +done
could
shouldExamples:1. If She had been invited, she would have
gone to the party. (but she didn’t go to the party)
2. If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.( but he didn’t catch the train.)
3. If she hadn’t called me, I would have overslept.( but I didn’t oversleep)Testing form
1. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If
she ___, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came
D. had come (NMET 94)
2. ---If he__, he__ that food.
---Luckily, he was sent to the hospital immediately.( NMET 93)
A. was warned, would not take
B. had been warned, would not have taken
C. would be warned, had not taken
D. would have been warned, had not taken
3.与将来事实相反公式
were + to +V原 might
If + S. + {should + V原 , S. +{would+ V原
did could
shouldUsage1. If I were to be twenty years old, I would take the course of computer science.
2. I don’t think that I shall fail. But if I should fail, I would try again.
3. If we climbed to the top of the mountain, should we get a good view?虚拟语气中的条件句省略if的方法虚拟语气中的条件句省略if时，主语与
were( or should; had) 的位置互换。
Examples:1. If it were not for his illness, he could do better.
= Were it not for his illness, he could do better.
2. If he had brought some money with him, he would have bought it.
= Had he brought some money with him, he would have bought it.
3. If she should fail, she would never touch the book.
= Should she fail, she would never touch the book.
Multiple choice1. ___ she a man, she might be elected president.
A. If were B. Were C. Be D. Is
2. ___ I had time, I would have gone over to see her.
A. Did B. Were C. Had D. If
3. Had you told him the truth, he __ some suggestion.
A. might have made
B. would make
C. might make
D. had made时态形式混用的虚拟语气
1. If you had been with Jane yesterday morning, you would not be so angry now.
2. I would have invited her to the party, but I didn’t know her well.
3. If he had been born in Germany, what language would he probably speak now?Multiple choice1. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this country__ so serious.
A. wouldn’t be
B. will not have been
C. wouldn’t have been
D. would have not been
2. --- Would you have told him the answer had it been possible?
--- I would have, but I ___ so busy then.
A. had been B. were C. was D. would be虚拟语气还可以用在以下情况中(1)1.order/demand/insist/command/advise/
suggest/request + that S. (should) +do
2. It is ordered/ demanded/ insisted/ commanded that…
3. The suggestion/ order/ demand is that…
Examples
1. We demanded that he (should) pay the bill by the end of the month.
2. I suggested that the teachers’ wages (should) be increased.
3. The chairman requested that the report
(should )be completed by the end of this month.
4. Joan’s uncle insists that she (should) not stay in the hotel. insist/suggest不接虚拟的用法 She insisted that she had seen the thief.
她坚持说她看见了那个贼。（坚持事实）
His uncle insists that he should not
stay in the hotel.
他的叔叔坚持要求他不要待在旅馆
里。
The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.
I suggested that the teachers’ wages
(should) be increased.虚拟语气还可以用在以下情况中(2)表”应该或竟然”时用should
important
It is + { strange that + S. （should） +V原 necessary
a pity
Examples
1. It is strange that he should say so.(竟 然）
2. It is a pity that he should miss such a
golden opportunity. .(竟 然）
3. I can’t tell you anything about it. But it is
very important that you should give
me all the information.（应该）
1. It is time/ high time that + S.+过去式
It is time that children went to bed.
It is high time that he began to think how
to deal with the money.
2. would rather S. +过去式
I would rather she traveled by train
tomorrow than today.
虚拟语气还可以用在以下情况中(3)Wish后接虚拟
Wish 的用法
1. wish + S. + 过去式
表与现在相反
I wish I were a shark.
2. wish + S. + had +过去分词
表与过去相反
I wish she had known me before she was married.
3. wish +S. +could/would/might +V原
表与将来相反
He wishes he would be a millionaire.
虚拟语气还可以用在以下情况中(4)1.后接虚拟语气，表示不可能或不真实的事或情形。
They look rather puzzled, as if they didn’t know.
We felt as though we had been stuck to our chairs.
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.as if / as though虚拟语气还可以用在以下情况中(5)
2. 不接虚拟语气的用法，表示可能或真实的
情形。
It looks as if I am going to be busy.
It looks as though it is going to rain.Summary
标准
不规则不规则1. suggest/demand +that + (should)
2. It is important/ strange that + (should)…
3. Wish that + did/ had done/ would…
4. I would rather sb. did…
5. It is time sb. did…
6. as if / as though
2. 虚拟条件从句中的条件是假设的，因此主句的结论也只能是想象的，非事实的。
3. 这些特点决定了它必须使用不同于真实句的动词形式。按时间分类1 与 现在事实相反的虚拟
2 与 过去事实相反的虚拟
3 与 将来事实相反的虚拟
1.与 现在事实相反的虚拟 公式
were might
If + S. +{ , S. + { would + V原
did… could
should Examples:1. I f I were you, I shouldn’t do that.
2. If he asked me, I would help him.
Transformation and comprehension 1. If I had a car, I should be very happy.
(In fact, I don’t have a car.)
2.If I were rich, I would buy a car.
(Actually, I am not rich.)
2.与过去事实相反公式
If + S. + had + done… ,
might
S. + { would +have +done
could
shouldExamples:1. If She had been invited, she would have
gone to the party. (but she didn’t go to the party)
2. If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.( but he didn’t catch the train.)
3. If she hadn’t called me, I would have overslept.( but I didn’t oversleep)Testing form
1. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If
she ___, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came
D. had come (NMET 94)
2. ---If he__, he__ that food.
---Luckily, he was sent to the hospital immediately.( NMET 93)
A. was warned, would not take
B. had been warned, would not have taken
C. would be warned, had not taken
D. would have been warned, had not taken
3.与将来事实相反公式
were + to +V原 might
If + S. + {should + V原 , S. +{would+ V原
did could
shouldUsage1. If I were to be twenty years old, I would take the course of computer science.
2. I don’t think that I shall fail. But if I should fail, I would try again.
3. If we climbed to the top of the mountain, should we get a good view?虚拟语气中的条件句省略if的方法虚拟语气中的条件句省略if时，主语与
were( or should; had) 的位置互换。
Examples:1. If it were not for his illness, he could do better.
= Were it not for his illness, he could do better.
2. If he had brought some money with him, he would have bought it.
= Had he brought some money with him, he would have bought it.
3. If she should fail, she would never touch the book.
= Should she fail, she would never touch the book.
Multiple choice1. ___ she a man, she might be elected president.
A. If were B. Were C. Be D. Is
2. ___ I had time, I would have gone over to see her.
A. Did B. Were C. Had D. If
3. Had you told him the truth, he __ some suggestion.
A. might have made
B. would make
C. might make
D. had made时态形式混用的虚拟语气
1. If you had been with Jane yesterday morning, you would not be so angry now.
2. I would have invited her to the party, but I didn’t know her well.
3. If he had been born in Germany, what language would he probably speak now?Multiple choice1. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this country__ so serious.
A. wouldn’t be
B. will not have been
C. wouldn’t have been
D. would have not been
2. --- Would you have told him the answer had it been possible?
--- I would have, but I ___ so busy then.
A. had been B. were C. was D. would be虚拟语气还可以用在以下情况中(1)1.order/demand/insist/command/advise/
suggest/request + that S. (should) +do
2. It is ordered/ demanded/ insisted/ commanded that…
3. The suggestion/ order/ demand is that…
Examples
1. We demanded that he (should) pay the bill by the end of the month.
2. I suggested that the teachers’ wages (should) be increased.
3. The chairman requested that the report
(should )be completed by the end of this month.
4. Joan’s uncle insists that she (should) not stay in the hotel. insist/suggest不接虚拟的用法 She insisted that she had seen the thief.
她坚持说她看见了那个贼。（坚持事实）
His uncle insists that he should not
stay in the hotel.
他的叔叔坚持要求他不要待在旅馆
里。
The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.
I suggested that the teachers’ wages
(should) be increased.虚拟语气还可以用在以下情况中(2)表”应该或竟然”时用should
important
It is + { strange that + S. （should） +V原 necessary
a pity
Examples
1. It is strange that he should say so.(竟 然）
2. It is a pity that he should miss such a
golden opportunity. .(竟 然）
3. I can’t tell you anything about it. But it is
very important that you should give
me all the information.（应该）
1. It is time/ high time that + S.+过去式
It is time that children went to bed.
It is high time that he began to think how
to deal with the money.
2. would rather S. +过去式
I would rather she traveled by train
tomorrow than today.
虚拟语气还可以用在以下情况中(3)Wish后接虚拟
Wish 的用法
1. wish + S. + 过去式
表与现在相反
I wish I were a shark.
2. wish + S. + had +过去分词
表与过去相反
I wish she had known me before she was married.
3. wish +S. +could/would/might +V原
表与将来相反
He wishes he would be a millionaire.
虚拟语气还可以用在以下情况中(4)1.后接虚拟语气，表示不可能或不真实的事或情形。
They look rather puzzled, as if they didn’t know.
We felt as though we had been stuck to our chairs.
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.as if / as though虚拟语气还可以用在以下情况中(5)
2. 不接虚拟语气的用法，表示可能或真实的
情形。
It looks as if I am going to be busy.
It looks as though it is going to rain.Summary
标准
不规则不规则1. suggest/demand +that + (should)
2. It is important/ strange that + (should)…
3. Wish that + did/ had done/ would…
4. I would rather sb. did…
5. It is time sb. did…
6. as if / as though