语法[上学期]
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课件14张PPT。The Passive Voice
被动语态 1.英语中有那两种语态？回答下列问题：主动语态和被动语态。
2.主动语态表示什么？句子的主语是动作的执行者,谓语的形式为主动语态3.被动语态表示什么?例如：Many people speak English.(主动语态)
English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)句子的主语是动作的承受者,谓语的形式为被动语态被动语态的用法：1.不知道动作的发出者,或不必要说明
动作的 发出者。例句：Silk is produced in Suzhou and Hangzhou。2.对动作的承受者进行强调时,要用被动
语态。例句：Bicycles are widely used in China.4被动语态的主语大多数是物。主动语态转化为被动语态的三部曲:1.主动结构宾语变为被动结构主语。2.谓语动词变为被动语态。3.主动结构主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介 词短语,放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动词执行者无须说明或强调时，by短语可以省略。例如：Many people speak English.(主动语态)
English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)被动语态的构成:“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”被动语态中be在各时态中的具体形式：
1.一般现在时中,am/is/are/+done
注:（人称.数. 时态的变化都体现在助动词be的变化上）3.一般将来时中，will be+done
例句: I /She/We will be taught to study English2.一般过去时中， were/was+done 例句: I /she was taught to study English. 例句: We are taught to study English.4.现在完成时中被动语态的构成:have / has been +done被动语态的特殊形式:例句: The work has been finished.例句: New bridge is being built near our school.
1.含有情态动词的被动语态的构成:
can/ may /must/should + be + done5.现在进行时态中被动语态的构成:be being +done2.不定式: to +be +done例句:The car needs to be repaired.
现在完成时被动语态结构:have/has been done(助动词为have/has,各种句型的变换借助have/has)句式:肯定句: have/has been done否定句: have/has 前加not一般疑问句: have/has 提前特殊疑问句: 特殊问词+have/has been done现在完成时被动语态的用法现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作。2。说话时动作已完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。
These flowers have been watered。You can go home.1.主语是行为动作的承受者.
Our classroom has been cleaned.3.动作或状态始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，
He has been told about it many times.
有人告诉他这事很多次了。（有可能还会有人告诉他）Since 自从
Ever since 自从
For
Already 已经
Yet 还
Still 仍然
So far 到目前为止
In the last /past +数词+时间词 在过去……的时间里与完成时态连用的时间状语1、不及物动词和动词短语没有被动语态现在完成时的被动语应注意的几个问题2、两个助动词缺一不可。即：has /have和been3、注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：
不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。
The patient is being operated on.
The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.
及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。
The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather. 4、副词的位置
Often ,usually,always,never,hardy,seldom等位于have/has和been中间.Eg: Such a man has been hardly believed. ×正确: Such a man has hardly been believed.巩固训练：1----How long _____at this job?
------Since 1990.
A were you employed B have you been employed
C had you been employed D will you be employedB2、Do yu know the thief ____by the police?
A has caught B has been catching
C was caught D has been caught D3、The fire ___to the fifth floor._____all the people____
A has got;Have;been saved B has been got; have;saved
C has got;Do ;save D has got;Have;savedAThank you !Goodbye!
被动语态 1.英语中有那两种语态？回答下列问题：主动语态和被动语态。
2.主动语态表示什么？句子的主语是动作的执行者,谓语的形式为主动语态3.被动语态表示什么?例如：Many people speak English.(主动语态)
English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)句子的主语是动作的承受者,谓语的形式为被动语态被动语态的用法：1.不知道动作的发出者,或不必要说明
动作的 发出者。例句：Silk is produced in Suzhou and Hangzhou。2.对动作的承受者进行强调时,要用被动
语态。例句：Bicycles are widely used in China.4被动语态的主语大多数是物。主动语态转化为被动语态的三部曲:1.主动结构宾语变为被动结构主语。2.谓语动词变为被动语态。3.主动结构主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介 词短语,放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动词执行者无须说明或强调时，by短语可以省略。例如：Many people speak English.(主动语态)
English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)被动语态的构成:“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”被动语态中be在各时态中的具体形式：
1.一般现在时中,am/is/are/+done
注:（人称.数. 时态的变化都体现在助动词be的变化上）3.一般将来时中，will be+done
例句: I /She/We will be taught to study English2.一般过去时中， were/was+done 例句: I /she was taught to study English. 例句: We are taught to study English.4.现在完成时中被动语态的构成:have / has been +done被动语态的特殊形式:例句: The work has been finished.例句: New bridge is being built near our school.
1.含有情态动词的被动语态的构成:
can/ may /must/should + be + done5.现在进行时态中被动语态的构成:be being +done2.不定式: to +be +done例句:The car needs to be repaired.
现在完成时被动语态结构:have/has been done(助动词为have/has,各种句型的变换借助have/has)句式:肯定句: have/has been done否定句: have/has 前加not一般疑问句: have/has 提前特殊疑问句: 特殊问词+have/has been done现在完成时被动语态的用法现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作。2。说话时动作已完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。
These flowers have been watered。You can go home.1.主语是行为动作的承受者.
Our classroom has been cleaned.3.动作或状态始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，
He has been told about it many times.
有人告诉他这事很多次了。（有可能还会有人告诉他）Since 自从
Ever since 自从
For
Already 已经
Yet 还
Still 仍然
So far 到目前为止
In the last /past +数词+时间词 在过去……的时间里与完成时态连用的时间状语1、不及物动词和动词短语没有被动语态现在完成时的被动语应注意的几个问题2、两个助动词缺一不可。即：has /have和been3、注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：
不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。
The patient is being operated on.
The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.
及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。
The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather. 4、副词的位置
Often ,usually,always,never,hardy,seldom等位于have/has和been中间.Eg: Such a man has been hardly believed. ×正确: Such a man has hardly been believed.巩固训练：1----How long _____at this job?
------Since 1990.
A were you employed B have you been employed
C had you been employed D will you be employedB2、Do yu know the thief ____by the police?
A has caught B has been catching
C was caught D has been caught D3、The fire ___to the fifth floor._____all the people____
A has got;Have;been saved B has been got; have;saved
C has got;Do ;save D has got;Have;savedAThank you !Goodbye!