英语综合语法讲解[上学期]

课件195张PPT。 名词性从句
—引导名词性从句的连接词
1 连接代词：who whose whom what which
2 连接副词: when where why how
3 连接词: that whether if as ifThat we are invited to the concert is good news to us. It is good news to us that we are invited to the concert.1 It +be+N
It is a pity that
It is a fact that
It is no wonder that
It is a shame that2 It +be+AdjIt is natural that
It is obvious that
It is possible that
It is likely that It+Vi
It seems that
It turned out that
It appears that
It happened thatIt +be+ VedIt is known that
It is said that
It is reported that
It is believed thatJim suggested that we go to the seaside during the summer.
I remember that I have seen her somewhere in the past. admit； agree； believe； decide； declare ；expect； feel； hear； hope ；imagine； mean say； see； suggest； think； wishShe promised us that she would give us more help
He has told me that the meeting has to be put off advise； ask； inform； question； remind show； teach ；warn 1. I heard it said that she had gone abroad
2. We consider it necessary that we should open our door to the outside
3.He has made it clear that he won’t agree to the plan
4. I shall see to it that he is taken care of when you are absentHe is a good student except that he is careless.
He is different from his friends in that he devoted his spare time to readingI’m afraid that you have made a mistake
I’m surprised that he failed in the exam
I’m sure that you will succeed in the future glad； happy； satisfied ； proud ；content； certain ；The news that he is elected president is exciting.
She expressed the hope that she would come back. fact； hope； desire ；thought； suggestion； idea ；news ；problem； possibility ；order； decision ；promise； informationAn idea came to me that she might come here in the evening
He got a message from Mr. Johnson that the manager will come
The news that our football team won the match is true
The news that we heard on the radio was not true
The fact that she has done the best is true
The fact that you can’t deny is true
The suggestion that be put forward is to be discussed
The suggestion that we should get up early is to be discussed
Whether she comes or not makes no difference
Whether he is coming is doubtful.. I don’t know whether he will attend the concert.
The question is whether he will work out it.
The question whether he should join the team has not decided.
Tell him if you need the book.It is doubtful whether he is coming Tell him whether you need the book
If you need the book , tell himHow the prisoner escaped is unknown.
Who will be in charge of the meeting has not been decided
When we can set out is still a question.It is unknown how the prisoner.
It has not been decided who will be in charge of the meeting.
It is still a question when we can set out .She explained why she came late.
No one knows when he will come back.
I wondered what he bought for my birthday.
He asked me how much I wanted to borrow from him.Whether we can succeed depends on how well we cooperate.
He is worried about what we do next.My question how we can find it has not been answered.
I have no idea what has happened to him.
The problem where we could get the money is being discussed whoever whatever whomever whichever anyone who ; no matter who. anything that; no matter what
anyone whom; no matter whom. anything which; no matter which Whatever is worth doing should be done well.
Whatever you do, I will stand by you.Anything that is worth doing should be done well.
No matter what you do , I will stand by you.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
Who breaks the law will be punished.
She offered 100yuan to who would find her lost ring.
She offered 100yuan to whoever would find her lost ring.
He will give the book to _______ he likes
He will give the book to ________ he thinks is the best.
I will give you what you want.
I will give you whatever you want.whomeverwhoeverI will give the thing that you want
I will give anything that you want1.I’d like to invite you to a concert this evening.
Thank you,but ______I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment.
A while B if C when D whether
2.You have not yet answered my question_____I can join in the party .
A whether B if C which D that
3._______all the inventions have in common is_____they have succeeded
A What ; what B That ; that C What ; that D That ;that
4. _____she was invited to the ball made her very happy.
A if B that C when D because
5.Why don’t bring _____to his attention that you are too busy to do it
A this B what C that D it
6.She would tell the story to _____passed by
A who B whoever C whom D whomever 7.What are you worrying about ?
______you can return the book to me in time.
A If B Whether C When D Where
8.________has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever
9.He has bought a cottage in the country for____he retires, with the money he has saved over half of his life.
A when B where C what D which
10.All finished, we sat down to enjoy______we thought the most delicious dinner.
A that B what C which D if
11.It is no longer a question now_____man can land on the moon
A that B which C whether D what12. Girls can be _______they want to be just like boys.A
A who B which C whatever D no matter what
13.It was obvious_____young artist was wrong
A that B because C but because D that this
14.I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply.
Oh, that was probably____I was seeing the doctor
A when B why C what D that
15.Please tell me _____you want your coffee, black or white?
A what B when C whether D how
16.I drove to ZhuHai for the air show last week
Is that_____you had a few days off
A why B when C what D where定语从句
用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的
名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先
行词的后面。
1. The students (who don’t study hard) will not pass
先行词 定语从句
the exam.
主句:The students will not pass the exam.2. The woman (whom you saw in the park) is our
先行词 定语从句
English teacher.
主句:The woman is our English teacher.从句的主语：you从句的宾语：whom3. A shoe shop is a shop (which sells shoes).
主句：A shoe shop is a shop.从句的主语:which4. The book (that you want) is on the desk.
主句
从句的主语: 从句的宾语：The book is on the desk.youthat引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that, which,who
whom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，
起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。
The man (that/who told us a funny story) is in the
next room.主语I lost the book(( that/which ) you gave me). 宾语 定语从句 限制或非限制 限制归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。
which,指物，作主语或宾语。
who, whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。
that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1) A plane is a machine ________________ can fly.
2) The car _______________________ my uncle
bought last week was stolen.
3) The students ________________ don’t study hard
will not pass the exam.
4) The woman ___________________ you saw in
the park is our English teacher.
5) He talked happily about the men and books____
__________ interested him greatly in the school.which/thatwhich/that/ / /who/thatwhom/that/ / /that1. That book that you want it is on the desk. 2. Is this factory that we visited last week?the oneThis factory is the one that we visited last week?3. He is the person for whom you are looking.
for4. The person to whom you talked is Lily. The person whom you talked to is Lily.
归纳：1定语从句要避免成分重复
2定语从句要避免漏用先行词
3含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开Join two sentences into one:
The boy is my brother.
He helped me.1. The boy who helped me is my brother. The film is interesting.
They saw it last night. 2. The film they saw last night is interesting. The students will not pass the exam.
They don’t work hard.3.The students who don’t work hard will not pass
the exam.Fill in the gaps:
1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle
_______ were in the fields.
2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _______ is in
front of our school gate.
3.This is the very thing ______ I was looking for.
4.This is the second novel ______ I have ever read.
5.There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten
me.
6.Who is the man _______ is reading under the tree?thatthatthat//that//thatthat以下情况只能用that
1 先行词既有指人又有指物
2 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，有the
only,the very 等修饰时
3 先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing
等不定代词
4 主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时
5当先行词在定语从句中作表语时Corrections:
1. The man just said hello to me is my chemistry
teacher. who2. Who is the comrade you just shook hands with him. 3. Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.( where which) 4. This is the best dictionary which I have ever used.( which that) 5. The house where we live in is not very large.( where which/that) 6. The house that it was built in 1970 stayed up in
the earthquake. “介词＋关系代词”即“介词＋whom/which”引
导定语从句应注意：
1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素
A.与先行词的搭配关系
1）I will never forget the day _____________ I
joined the army.
2) I will never forget the days ____________ I
worked in the school.
3) I will never forget the year ____________ my son
went to college.
4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, ____________
most people had had supper.on whichduring whichin whichby whichB. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯
1）Have you found the book ____________ I paid
29 US dollars?
2) Have you found the book _____________ I spent
29 US dollars?
3) Have you found the book _____________ we
learnt a lot?
4) Have you found the book ____________ she
often talks?
for whichon whichfrom whichabout which2. “介词＋whom/which”与 “whom/which/that/…
＋介词”的转换。
1）The chair on which she is sitting is made of wood.
The chair (which/that) she is sitting on is made
of wood.
2) Is this the book which you are looking for?
介词for不能与 look分开。
3. way作先行词
1) The way (in which/that) he looks at the problems
is wrong.
用介词＋关系代词填空
1 The boy was staying in the room ___________
window he could climb down.
2. He’s the man ____________ I learnt the news.
3. Who’s the comrade ____________ you just shook
hands.
4. There are 52 students in our class, ___________
nearly 40 are League members.
5. I know a lady the husband ____________ is a
Nobel Prize winner.
6. Do you know the driver who caused the traffic
accident ____________ a man was killed.
7. This is the way __________ she studies English.through whosefrom whomwith whomof whomof whomin whichin which 8. The 5 yuan_____________ he bought the book was
given by his friend.
9. The story about Shakespeare, _________ this is
one example , is well written.
10. The old man always wears his glasses _________
_________ he can’t see anything.
11.The key_________ she was opening the door broke.
12. The library ___________ we often go on Sundays
is not far from our school.
13. No one know the reason _____________ she is
leaving so early.
14. At last they came to a river _____________ a new
bridge is being built. for whichof whichwithoutwhichwith whichto whichfor whichover which4. 表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介
词of, 有时可用whose转换。
1) There are 100 teachers in our school, __________
60 are women teachers.
2) He has three children, two ___________ work as
teachers.
3) That table has four legs, all _____________ are
very short.
4) I’m painting a house, the roof _____________ is
round.I’m painting a house whose roof is...5) They live in a house ,_________ windows face
south.They live in a house, the windows_____
_________ face south. of whomof whomof whichof whichwhoseof whichThe river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea.
The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. N+of +which=whose+NThe man whose wallet is stolen is standing there.
The man the wallet of whom is stolen is standing there.
The man of whom the wallet is stolen is standing there. 不定代词/数词+of which/whomThe class is made up of 50 students, most of whom are boys.
The class is made up of 50 students, two thirds of whom are boys.
The book contains 50 poems, most of which are written by Li Bai.
The book contains 50 poems, 8 of which are written by Li Bai.Do you know the person _________ she is talking with.
Do you know the person with_____ she is talking.
This is the pen____________I wrote the letter with
This is the pen with ____ I wrote the letter.Whom/who /that /that/which/whomwhich定语从句I still remember the day when I came here.

This is the house where I lived last year.

There are many reasons why people like traveling.
on the day =whenin the house= wherefor the reasons =why小注：关系副词=介词＋先行词?1.He will always remember the day when his father died.
2.He will always remember the day on which his father died.
3.He will always remember the day which/that his father died on.
4.He will always remember the day his father died on
This is the place _______________ the accident happened.
This is the place _____ _____ he is going to visit.
I will never forget the days___________we spent in Tian Jin
I will never forget the days_______________we spent the summer holidays in Tian Jin.
The reason ___________he gave is wrong.
The reason ____________he didn’t come is unknown.Where/at whichthat/whichthat/whichWhen/on whichthat/whichWhy/for whichFill in the blanks.
1. I still remember the day _________ we spent in
the forest.
2. I still remember the day ____________ I first
came to Beijing.
3. The factory _________ we will visit is large.
4. The factory ___________ his father works is large.
5. I’ll never forget the time _____________ we work
on the farm.
6. This is the house ____________ we lived last year.that/whichwhen/on whichthat/whichwherewhen/at whichwhere/in which归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,
在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若
作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that, which.五.定语从句高考考点分析（一）关系代词在从句中做主语时， 谓语的单复数由先行词决定eg.1. The man who_____ (live) downstairs
speaks English fluently.
2.The students who _____(be) in Grade 3 are going to climb the hill tomorrow. 3.He is one of the students who_______
(have) finished the homework.
4. He is the only one of the students
Who______ (have)finished the homework.
livesare havehasHe is one of the students who ______ the answer.
He is the one of the students who ______ the answer.
He is only one of the students who ______ the answer.
He is the only one of the students who ______ the answer.
I , who ____your teacher, will try my best to help you.
The basketball team, _____is playing well , will come out first
The basketball team, _____are having a rest, will come out first.amwhichwhoknowknowsknowsknows （四） 先行词是the way时(1)The way (in which/ that)he answered the question was surprising.
注意下面俩个句子的不同，
(1)The way (that/which)he explained to us was quite simple.
(2) The way (that/in which)he explained it to us was not difficult to understand.I don’t understand the way_______ they worked out the problem.
I don’t understand the way_______they worked out the problem
I don’t understand the way_______they worked out the problemThe way ______he explained to us was quite simple
The way ______he explained to us was quite simple
The way ______he explained to us was quite simplein whichthat不填thatwhich不填as 引导的非限制性定语从句
The earth is round,_____ is known to all.
_____ is known to all, the earth is round
which
/ as Asas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：
as you know/ as you see/as we planned/
as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用as,as 和which一样可以代表前面的整个句子as 引导的限制性定语从句 (1)This is the same pen as I lost.
This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。as 引导的限制性定语从句 (2)This is such an interesting book ____ we all like.
This is so interesting a book _____ we all like.
This is such an interesting book ____we all like it.
This is so interesting a book ____we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)考点五：as与which引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。
e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.
2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。
e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.
I have the same plan as you.Go on Please!3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。
e.g.
She has married again, as was expected.
She has married again, which was unexpected.
Go on please!4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。
e.g. She has been late again, as was expected.
Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.高考第一轮复习专题——定语从句(Attributive clause)历届高考英语定语从句试题精选(1)`1．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course ,made the other unhappy.(2000)
A．who　 B．which　 C．this　 D．what 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2. ---Is that the small town you often refer to?
---Right, just the one___you know I used to work for years. (FUJIAN05)
A.that B.which C. where D.what3.The journey around the world took the old sailor
nine months,____the sailing time was 226 days. (GX04)
A.of which B.during which C.from which D.for which历届高考英语定语从句试题精选(2)
4.____ is often the case,we have worked out
the production plan.(JS04)
A.Which B.When C.What D.As
5.He is the only one of the students who____
a winner of scholarship for three years.
A.is B.are C.have been D.has been
6.York,____last year,is a nice old city.
A.that I visited B.which I visited
C.where I visited D.in which I visitedDDBCorrect the sentences:1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.
2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?
3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.
4. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.
^^__(去掉)which____tothe oneCorrect the sentences:5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.
6. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.
7. I don’t like the way which you talked to your friend.
inwhen____that/which^^Correct the sentences:8.This is the last time when I’ve given you lessons.
9. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.
10. We heard the news which our team won the game.
11. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.
____ that____ that ____whyit____Correct the sentences:
12. That was the reason because she looked old.
13. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.
14. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.
as______________giveswhyCorrect the sentences:15. It is the one of the best films that have been shown recently.
16. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.
17. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky.
18. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.
that_________hasAsthat________Correct the sentences:19.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.
20. The student who’s book I had borrowed didn’t come to school today.
21. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.
22. The bike by which I travelled was his.as_____Whose____that___on____能力提高历年高考题再现（2006上海春）
1.You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre,____is always busy at the weekend.
A.that B.which
C.what D.where2006上海春，33，2.Her success lies in the fact___she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.
A.which B.that
C.when D.why
3.-- Is that the small town you often refer to ?
-- Right,just the one __ you know I used to work for years.
A. that B. which
C. where D. what
2005福建，35，4.At last the soldiers reached______the locals called the Golden Triangle.
A. that B. where
C. when D. what2005北京5.Many people who had seen the film
were afraid to go to the forest when
they remembered the scenes__ people
were eaten by the tiger.
A. in which B. by which
C. which D. that
2005广东，35，6.I was surprised by her words,which
made me recognize __ silly mistakes
I had made.
A. what B. that
C. how D. which2005湖南，35，7.Frank’s dream was to have his own shop __ to produce the working of his own hands.
A.that B.in which
C.by which D. how
2005湖南，27，8.If a shop has chairs __ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that B. which
C. when D.where
2005天津，13，9.Last month, part of Southeast Asia
was struck by floods,from __ effects
the people are still suffering.
A.that B.whose
C.those D.what2005上海,40,10.Last month, part of Southeast Asia
was struck by floods,from __ effects
the people are still suffering.
A.that B.whose
C.those D.what2005天津，13，11.---Why does she always ask you for help?
--- There is no one else__ ,is she?
A.who to turn to B.she can turn to
C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn
2005北京，35，12.The poor man is ready to accept__help he can get. A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whenever2005全国，11，13.He was educated at a local grammar school,______he went on to Cambridge.
A. from which B. after that
C. after which D. from this
2005上东，30，14.The place_____ the bridge is supposed
to be built should be _____the cross-river
traffic is the heaviest.
A. which;where B. at which;which
C. at which;where D. which; in which2005江苏，32，高考第一轮复习专题——定语从句(Attributive clause)?(1) The school ___________ he once studied in is
very famous.? The school ___________ he once studied is
very famous.?(2) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine
__________ you asked for.? Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine
____________ you asked.?(3) We'll go to hear the famous singer
_______________we have often talked about.? We'll go to hear the famous singer ____________
we have often talked.
that/whichin whichthat/which for whichwhom/that/who about whom难点一：介词+关系代词关系代词前介词(介词＋which)的确定
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系
e.g. Is that the newspaper ____which you often write articles?

2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配
e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms ______which I’m not sure.
3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯
e.g. 1949 was the year ___which the P.R.C. was founded.foraboutin1.This is the car __which I bought last year.
2.This is the car ____which I paid 100$.
3.This is the car ____which I spent 100$.
4.This is the car ____which I go to work every day.
5.This is the car ______ which I can’t go to work.
6.This is the car ____which the old man was knocked down.
7.This is the car ____which a boy threw a stone.
8.This is the car ______which we talked .
9.This is the car ____which the window was broken. /foroninwithoutbyataboutof= the window of which= whose
11. He loved his parents deeply, _______ whom
are very kind to him.(父母俩都…)
12. In the basket there are quite many apples,
_______which have gone bad.
13.There are forty students in our class in all,
__________whom are from big cities. both ofsome of?（其中有些…）most of(他们中的大部分…)启示：1.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用______不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用______,不可用that.关系代词是所有格时用_____。
2.当先行词时表示时间，地点，原因的名词时，
on / in / at / for which =_________________when/ where / why whom which whose难点二：关系代词和关系副词如何选择？1.The reason _______he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.
2.The reason____________he gave us sounded reasonable.
3.I’ll never forget the day ____________we spent together in Paris.
4.I’ll remember the day________we stayed together at that time.
5.This is the factory____________we visited last year.
6.This is the house _________Lincoln once lived.引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看 _____________________________或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。whythat/whichthat/whichwhenthat/whichwhere结论：他们在从句中作什么成份而定7.(1) He still lives in the room ________window faces to the south.
(2) He still lives in the room _________is in the north of the city. whosewhich8.(1)I will never forget the days ________we studied together.
(2)I will never forget the days _________we spent together.whenthat 9.(1) The reason ________he didn’t come was that he was ill.
(2) The reason _________he explained is not true.whythat10.(1) We will meet at the same place________we met last month.
(2) We will meet at the same place ________we visited last month.
wherethat难点三：as 与 which如何 选择？This is the same pen _____I bought yesterday。
I want to have such a dictionary _____he has.
3. _____we expect, we won the game.
4._____ is known to all, he is the best student in our
class.
asasAsAs1.先行词被 _______________修饰了的时候用as
但 the same…as…
the same…that…有区别
2.as引导定语从句可放在_______________
3.as译为____________。
4.as 用于固定用法中总结：the same, such, so句首，句中，句末正如，好像 5.He married her, _________was natural. as / which6.Tom was late for school again and again,
________made his teacher very angry.
7.Tom suddenly fell ill, ________made us sad.whichwhich1.which 引导定语从句只能放在__________
2.当主句和从句之间存在逻辑上的__________时，
关系词往往只用which.因果关系结论：句中难点四：定语从句和其它句型的转换1.定语从句和非谓语动词：
(1)There are lots of good English programmes which are
shown on TV in China.
There are lots of good English programmes ________
on TV in China.
(2)At one time there were long queues of people who were
waiting outside the CAAC offices.
At one time there were long queues of people ________
outside the CAAC offices. 结论：定语从句是主动形式，用现在分词作定语;
从句是被动形式，用过去分词。 shownwaiting2.定语从句和并列句
1. I saw some trees, and the leaves of the trees were black with disease.
I saw some trees, the leaves of ________were black with disease.
2. The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, but on his nose there is a pair of golden glasses.
The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of __________there is a pair of golden glasses.结论：
是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键whichwhom3.定语从句和状语从句
(1)This is such a big stone _______no one can lift it.
This is such a big stone _______no one can lift.
(2)Please put the letter in the drawer _____ ______he
can easily find it.
Please put the letter_________he can easily find it.
结论：
定语从句中的关系词在从句中要作一个成分
状语从句中的引导词是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分thatasin whichwhere(=where)4.定语从句和名词性从句
He did all (that) he could to help me .
(2) All that can be done has been done.
(3) _______is known to us all, the earth turns round the sun.
It is known to us all _______Taiwan belongs to China.
(4)______ is known to us all is that the earth is smaller than the sun.
AsthatWhat(=what)
(=what)结论：
定语从句只起修饰作用，在主句中不但当成份
名词性从句在主句中担当成分7.定语从句和强调句
(1) It is in this room ______I lived last year.
It is the room _______________I lived last year.
(2) It was at seven o’clock ________he went
to school this morning.
It was seven o’clock _______he went to school
this morning.结论：
强调句句型：It is/was +被强调的成份+that/who +其它部分去掉 It is/was….that/who… ,句子照样成立。而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。thatwhere/ in whichthatwhen8.定语从句和同位语从句
(1)The news ________our volleyball team won the
match made us excited.
(2)The news _________________he told me yesterday is
exciting.
(3)The problem __________we should answer for the
accident is clear to you.
(4)The problem __________he asked me to solve is hard to solve.that 引导 同位语从句，在从句中_____________，并且引导的句子是____________________，在从句中 (可/不可)省去，也不可用which 替代。That/which 引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时(可/不可)省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。thatthat/which/略thatthat/which不充当任成份说明前一名词的内容不可可以难点五：分割定语从句　①在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。
　　
　　
There are many thousands of stars in the sky
that are like the sun.②在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago
when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond
necklace？
③先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。A new master will come tomorrow who will teach
you German.
　此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，
主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语
之后many thousands of starsone afternoonA new master1.定语从句只能用that不用which的情况 。
只能用which不能用that的情况（见步步高P134）
2.定语从句的谓语动词的单复数由________________
决定。
3. the way作先行词的引导词_________
_________
_________
4.先行词是 situation, point, case 时，关系词多用______
其它常见问题：先行词 that in which 省略 where状语从句状语从句When I lived there,I used to go to the seashore.
When the film ended, I went home.
When you meet her, you will like herHe entered the room while his father was cooking.
He used to swim in the river while he was in the countrysideAs I was walking down the street, an American asked me for directions
As she grew older, she became more disappointed about life
He sang songs as he was taking a bathI was walking in the street when someone called my name.
I was about to leave when the telephone rang.
I was on the point of giving up when my friend turned up.
I had just finished the work when it began to rain. I earn only 50 dollars a week while she earns 80 dollars a week
While I admit the problem is not easy, I don’t think it can not be solvedHe entered the room ____________the meeting was going on.When he was a young man , he was interested in music. As a young man, he was interested in musicWhen/while asOnce you see it , you’ll never forget it
The moment she heard of the accident, she came to the spot.
She went to see him directly she got the letter.
She went to see him directly after she got the letter.
Immediately the bell rang, the students came into the classroom
Immediately the bell rang and the students came into the classroomI had hardly got home when it began to rainHardly had I got home when it began to rainShe had no sooner got off the train than his daughter ran awayNo sooner had she got off the train than his daughter ran awayShe stood there until he was out of sight.
He didn’t enter the room until I returned.
I ate until he came back.
I didn’t eat until he came back.
Until they had finished the work, they didn’t go home.It was not until they had finished the work that they went homeThey had everything ready before I arrived.
It will be a long time before I come back.
It won’t be long before I come back.
They had not been married a month before they quarreled.
I had not gone a mile before I felt tired.
We had sailed four days before we saw the land.Before we could stop him ,he had rushed out of the room.
Before I could get in a word , he had left.Put down the telephone number before you forget it.
It is important that scientist should feel the danger before it is too late.There was a silence before the audience burst into laughter.
Look before you leap.在-----之前； 才；就；不到-----就；还没有来得及-----就;趁
以免（以防）；然后-----才He has worked in the city since he graduated from the college.
Since we left school , we haven’t seen each other.He has been working in the factory since he left school.
It has been three years since he left school
It is three years since he left school.It is three years since he was in TianJin.
It is three years since he smoked.It is three years since he has been in Tianjin.
It is three years since he has smoked.
It is three years since he began to smoke.You should put the book where it was.
We should go where the Party needs us most
You are free to go wherever you like..
Wherever there is smoke , there is fire.You should put the book at the place where it was.
We should go to the place where the Party needs us most
You are free to go to any place where you like
In any place where there is smoke, there is fire.Where there is a will, there is a way
Where there is love , there is faithI shall go tomorrow unless it rains.
I shall go tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.
As(so)long as you keep trying, you will succeed.
In case John comes, please tell him to wait.
I may lend money to you only if you pay if back on time.
If only she were with me.He didn’t come because he was ill.
Because he was ill , he didn’t come
Since (now that) you say so , I think it is true.
As it is raining, we’d better take a taxi.原因状语从句Why didn’t he come. ______he was ill
It was _____he was ill that he didn’t come.
He didn’t come probably ____he was ill.She didn’t marry you because he had money
The mountain is not famous because it is high
The country is not strong because it is large.The accident was due to his careless driving
They put off the trip, owing to snow
I pass the exam thanks to his help
I didn’t go there because of rainThere must be no one in the house_____the door is closed
Someone must be ill , _____a doctor has just come out.Study hard so that ( in order that) you can( may) pass the exam
In order that we might( could; should) catch the first train, we started early.She went downtown so that ( in order that) she might buy some books.She went downtown so as to ( in order to )buy some booksHe explained it again so as to understand.He explained it again so that everyone could understandHe is ____ clever a boy that we all like him very much.
He is ____ a clever boy that we all like him very much.
He had ____ many things to do that he was busy.
They are _____kind people that I am deeply moved
It is ___ fine weather that we all want to go out
I can’t believe that ___-little fish eat____little foodHe was so clever that he could work out all problems.
He walked so fast that no one could follow him So clever was he that he could work out all problems.
So fast did he walk that no one could follow himI had a very good time although I didn’t know anybody at the party.
Though he has a lot of money , he is unhappy
Although it was raining hard, yet(still) they went on playing football
He said he would come ; he didn’t , though .
He is experienced while he is young.Though; although; even if; even though ; whileAs;though形容词
副词
动词 +as（though）+主语+谓语
名词Patient as(though) he was, he was unwilling to wait three hours
Hard as(though) she tried , she failed to pass the exam
Child as(though) he is , he knows a lot
Fail as(though) he did , he would never give upThough he was patient, he was unwilling to wait three hours t
Though she tried hard, she failed to pass the exam
Though he is a child, he knows a lot
Though he failed , he would never give up
Whatever happens, we shall never lose hope.
Whatever reasons you have , you should carry out a promise.
Whoever says so, it is wrong
Whoever you are, you must obey the law.
Whenever you come, you will get help
Whichever road you take , it will lead you to the station
Wherever you go, I would keep your company.
However hot it is , he will never take off his coat.
You can not catch up with a car, however fast you run
The progamme, however popular, should be stopped at once.
However you use it , it won’t break. Whatever he does is reasonable.
Whatever he does, I will support you
whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold
whoever walks around in such a heavy rain , he will catch a cold
You may invite whomever you like
Whomever you want to invite, I don’t care
Take whichever seat you like
Whichever cake you like, you must pay firstWhether it rains or not, I shall go out for an outing
Whether my parents agree or not, I will study abroad
You have to attend the meeting whether you are free or busyI will do as you advise
She stayed in bed as the doctor had ordered
Leave as it is
As the Americans like baseball, so the British like soccer
Just as water is important to us, so air is important too.
He was late , as usualDon’t speak until you are spoken to.
Once it is seen , it can never be forgotten
While I was in BeiJing, I visited the Summer Palace
He was a swimmer when he was a child
You must be careful while you are crossing the roadCome tomorrow if it is possible
I will but a TV set if it is necessary
He has no money, if there is any, he will give us
The girl will never give in unless she is wrong.
Unless it is repaired, the machine is of no use1 This is the most film that I have ever seen
2 All that can be done has been done
3 It is the sun that provides us with much energy
4 It is well known that air has pressure
5 I don’t doubt that he will win
6 The truth is that he lied to us
7 I am glad that you are all right
8 Now they are clear about the fact that China has changed greatly
9 He has read so many books that he knows almost everything
10 He is such a good boy that everyone likes him
11 Do it the way that I told you
12 Now that you are all here , let’s begin
13 The information is useful in that it is collected by the professorWhat happens is not important
The question is what step we should take next
He knows what heat is
We are thinking of what we should do next
I don’t know what to sayDo whatever you like
Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well
Whatever happens , we will not change the plan
You can take whatever books you need
Whatever dictionary you have , lend it to meHe came at a time when we needed help
We all like the season of autumn ,when a good harvest is possible
When water becomes solid, we call it ice
When we can finish the work is an important question
What we want to know is when they can come here
I don’t know when he left collegeI will discuss it with you whenever you like
Whenever he comes , he brings a friend
Whenever did you find the wallet?This is the town where I was born
Keep the child where you can see him
You should go where you are most needed
We don’t know where he works
This is just where he is mistaken
Where he lives is by the side of the river
Have you any idea where he has goneWherever you go , I will go with you
Sit wherever you like
Wherever did you see himWhat we want to know is whether he will attend the meeting
We don’t know whether it is right
The question whether we can finish the work is not important
It all depends on whether she likes the boss or not
It is doubtful whether he would accept the invitation
Whether you will tell them not, they will find out who did itThe question is which is the best
Tell me which ones you want
Read the books which you have
The meeting , which was held in our school , was a success
He can write a letter in English, which I can not
This is the house in which I was born
There is no key with which to open the doorTake whichever you like best
Whichever book you borrow , you must return it in a weekWho will be in charge of the company is not decided
I don’t know who the man is
The question is who is able to work out the problem
A man who considers others is respected
The note was left by Mr. Wang, who was here a moment agoWe wrote a letter of thanks to whoever had helped us
He must be punished , whoever he is
Whoever did it?As this problem is important, we will discuss it once again
He came up as I was speaking
Busy as he is, he studied English very hard
Leave the things as they are
Do as you are told
He is not the same man as he was
These apples are not such as I bought last week
The night had turned cold, as is usual around here
As we know , air and water both are necessary to us The reason why he changed his mind is not clear
It is clear now why he changed his mind
Do you know why he changed his mind
The question is why he changed his mind
The reason is that he changed his mind1 I was advised to save money _____I needed medical treatment
A although B in case C so that D if only
2 I’d better go and have a try _____there is an ad for a salesman
A where B so that C though D now that
3 It seemed only seconds _____they came back
A when B after C before D till
4 Mr, Lee had been walking 90 miles ______he got to the village
A when B since C until D before
5 The day must be breaking , _____the birds have begun singing
A because B as C for D since
6 They decided to drive the cow away _____it did damage
A before B unless C until D although7 When did he start?
He started______he got the letter
A the moment B as long as C since D until
8 Do you think we can get there on time?
Yes, _____the truck doesn’t break down
A even if B unless C until D so long as
9 This photo was taken______stood the famous high tower
A which B in which C where D there
10 Mr. Zhang is mild in character. He never shouts_____he is very angry
A if B even C though D even when特殊句式；到装， 强调 ，反意疑问句， 祈始句， 感叹句，there +be句式 , 省略Full inversion:
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man
Such are the facts ; no one can deny themPartial inversion:
Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people
Not only was Churchill a statesman , but also a poet
Not until he returned did we have supper
We didn’t have supper until he returned Not until 10:00 in the morning can he fall asleep
He can not fall asleep until 10:00 in the morningIt is / was +被强调成分+that +其他成分It was last summer that I graduated from the university
It was at an evening party that I first saw her
It is only when one is ill that one realizes the value of health
It was because he was ill that he didn’t come
It is what you do that is importantIt is Professor Wu that (who) sent me the letter
It is I that(who) am right
It is Jack that(whom) we invited to give us a lectureIs it Mary that helps you?
Was it last week that you bought the book?特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+句子Where was it that you saw the man
Who was it that you want to see
How is it that your answer differs from his
Why is it that smoking is not allowed here
When was it that you called me
What is it that you want to doHe didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock
It was not until then o’clock that he went to bed
We didn’t have supper until he returned
It was not until he returned that we had supperIt is clear that he will be back soon
It is red that they paint the wall
It is in the room that I found the key
It is the room where I found the keyIt was at midnight _____ I got back home
It was midnight ______I got back home
It was two years ago _____I began to learn English
It is two years _______I began to learn English
It was two years _____he came back from abroad
It was two years later _____he came back from abroadDo come here early
She did send you a letter last week
She does like you
At that very moment he came
He escaped under their very nose
The very sight of snake makes the girl shiverWithout the sun , we could not live at all
Do you know it at all?
He is the last person I want to see
This is the last place where I expected to meet you
What on earth do you want to know?
Where in the world did he go?He hasn’t any sisters, has he?
He doesn’t have any sisters, does he?
You all had a good time, didn’t you?
He often has colds, doesn’t he?
They had milk and bread for breakfast, didn’t they?He used to get up early, usedn’t he?
He used to get up early, didn’t he?
There used to be a tree, wasn’t there?
There uses to be many trees , weren’t there?There be句型
There is a book and two chairs
There are two chairs and a book
There was an accident yesterday
There will be a meeting in our city
There has been great progress in our studies
There might be drinks if you wait a moment
There must be someone in the room
There used to be a school in that area
There seems to be something wrong about it
There appeared to be no better way
There remains much more to be done
There once lived a kind man in the village
There appeared a beautiful view before us
There comes the bus
There he comesThere is no knowing when he can come back
There is no joking about it
There is no telling who will get the job
There is no point in offering him help
There is no use in trying to persuade him to give up
There is no question that he will win the match
There can be no question that he is right______good wine this is
______strong wind it is
_____little food they have
_____time flies
______wonderful a time we ever had together
_______a wonderful time we ever had together
______few books she has
_______high the building is
_______beautiful flowers they are
_______quickly he ran祈使句
Come and have a look
Do not come in unless asked
Never be late again
Do save us
Do tell me the reason
Now you have a try
You mind your business
Someone close the window
Henry read the poem firstYou be seated, please.
I thank you for your help
It doesn’t matterThere is no smoking
You come this way, please.
Will you have a smoke?
What do you think about of a cup of tea?Do you know Miss gao?
I don’t know her
Which of them is the better choice?
Well, it is hard to tell itAre you thirsty?
Yes, I am thirstyAre you feeling better now?
I am feeling much better now.
Have you finished your work?
I have not finished my work yet. We spent the weekend at the Black’s home
What a wonderful victory it is !
How wonderful it was to be treated like a normal child!
I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to see the film
I didn’t want to go there, but I had to go thereExpect forget like intend love mean prefer want
Need ought have used Are you a soldier?
No , but I used to be a soldier
He hasn’t finished yet.
Well, he ought to have finishedWhen in doubt, you should ask the chairman for help
He came across the picture while on a visit to New York
He could write poems when a child
When he was asking the teacher, he was polite
Although he was frightened, he managed to run away
Don’t say anything unless you are asked
If it is taken good care of, the bird can live as long as five yearsBecause he was ill , he didn’t attend the meeting.
Because of being ill, he didn’t attend the meeting
After he was killed , he was thrown into the river
After being killed, he was thrown into the river1 It was not until 1920______radio broadcast began
A while B which C that D since
2 Not until I began to work______how much time I had wasted
A didn’t I realize B did I realize
C I didn’t realize D I realize
3 Jack didn’t pass the driving test, but he still________
A hopes to B hopes so C hopes that D hopes
4 Francis, ______born in Kentucky, lived and practised law in Missouri
A although B he was C who he was D was5 Not only_______this machine, but________it.
A can he run; can he repair B he can run; can he repair
C he can run; he can repair D can he run; he can repair
6 _____is _____we will have the meeting
In the lecture room, I guess
A it ; where that B where ; it that C where ;that D it ; where there
7 _____is not everyone______can draw so well
A it; all B there; who C it; that D there; that
8 ________green, the door might look more beautiful
A you painted B if painted C to paint D have it painted1 一般现在时
1 Birds can fly ; she always takes a walk in the evening
(often ; sometimes ; usually ; always ; every day)
2 She loves music; he looks tired ; the teacher treats Ss kindly
3 the earth moves round the sun; water boils at 100
4 I will tell her when she comes tomorrow
You will surely succeed if you try your best
whatever happens, you should keep cool ----headed
She is so badly injured that she probably dies He leaves next week ;
The meeting begins at 2:00 in the afternoon
I write my paper tomorrow
I forget her name ; I understand what he wants
It is three years since she moved here
( learn ; hear ; see ; read )
2 现在进行时
1 It is snowing outside ; the kettle is boiling
2 she is learning English at college
he is losing hair 3 He is meeting the manager tomorrow
I am publishing a book this year
4 Jim is always coming late
She is always reading novels
He is always thinking of doing more for the people
( forever ; constantly ; continually)
5 she is understanding you better now
Things are looking a little worse
I am remembering her more and more 6 I am hoping to see her again
I am just loving her
( desire ; wish ; want ; like ; hate )
You are being foolish
The boy is being naughty
3 两种时态比较
The computer is working perfectly
The computer works perfectly
We start work at 7:00
For this week we are starting work at 7:00The bus is stopping
The bus stops
The city lies at the foot of the hill
People are lying on the beach
She lives in Tianjin
She is living in Tianjin
.Jane is doing fine work at college
Jane does fine work at college
When are you paying the money?
When do you pay the money?4 一般过去时
1 The foreign guests visited China last year
He never smoked
2 When I was in college , I wrote home once a week
3 We would not leave until she came back
She told me that she would not go with us if it rained the next day
How did you like the dancing?
How do you like the dancing?
It was so nice to meet you
It is so nice to meet you 5 过去进行时
1 He was playing table tennis at five yesterday afternoon
They were building a dam last summer
2 It was getting dark
3 They were leaving for New York a few days later
4 She was always changing her mind
5 I was wondering if you could help me
I was hoping you could send me the book6 过去进行时与一般过去时 的区别
She was waving her hand
She waved her hand
The frog was jumping up and down
The frog jumped up and down
She was nodding
She nodded
The train was stopping
The train stopped
She was leaving
She left7 现在完成时
1 She has lost her wallet
He has laid the table
I have turned off the light
2 He has worked here for over twenty years
We have received no news from her so far
3 He has gone away for a month
He has been away for a month
He has joined the army for a long time
He has been in the army for a long timeHarry has got married for six years
Harry has been married for six years
4 let’s go out as soon as the rain has stopped
I shall go to see you when I have finished my homework
(after ; if ; till ; )
5 It(This)is(will be)the first(last) time that
This is the first time that I’ve heard her sing
It is the second time that we have met each other6 It( This) is the best(worst ; most interesting) + N +that
It is the best film that I have ever seen
This is the most delicious meal that I have ever had
7 I have just got a new pen(I have just a new pen)
He has got no time( He has no time)
We have got to go( have to go) there next weekend
It has got to be done( has to be done) at once
8 几组时态比较
What have I done to make him so angry?
What did I do to make him so angry?
She comes from New York
She has come from New York
You read very well
You have read very well
I have seen her this May
I saw her this May
9 现在完成进行时
I have been waiting for an hour but she still hasn’t come
he has been writing the report
2 I have just been waving good---bye to her
where have you been? I have been watering flowers in the garden
3 I have thought it over
I have been thinking it over
She has put coal on the fire
She has been putting coal on the fire
Be careful! Jim has been painting the door
Jim has painted the door
What have you been doing?
What have you done?
I have been wanting to hear from you for long
I have wanted to hear from you
Henry has been doing his work regularly
Henry has done his work regularly
I have been waiting for you for two hours
I have waited for you for two hours
过去完成时
1 They had got everything ready before I came
By the end of last week she had written two poems
2 She had hardly(scarcely)gone to bed when the bell rang
No sooner had they left the building than it began to rain
3 I had intended to call you yesterday, but someone came to see me.
we had meant to tell him the news but found she wasn’t in
( hope ; want ; plan ; suppose ; expect ; think)
4Jane went out to the park after she had read the paper
Before he came , he had discussed it with the manager过去完成进行时
She said that she had been typing a paper before I came in
The heavy snow had been falling for three days. The fields were all white
The girl had cleared up the room , so it was tidy
The girl had been clearing up the room, so we had to wait outside
一般将来时
1 He will graduate from the college next year
2 The students will have five English classes per week this term
其他表示将来时的结构
1 I am going to buy a new coat this winter
Look at the cloud! It’s going to rain
The ice is going to break
2 He failed in the exam; he knew he was going to when he looked at the test paper
The question is going to be very difficult3 What are we going to do about it?
Don’t be sad; we are going to have another try
4 I believe China will become strong
Listen to the wind. We are going to have a rough crossing
He will get better
He is going to get better
Why have you torn the paper into pieces?
I _______ clean the window
It is really a heavy box
I ______help you to move it5 I am meeting Jack at the station at four tomorrow afternoon
we are having a meeting this morning
6 The highway is to be opened in May
The Queen is to visit Japan next year
The children are to be in bed by 9 o’clock
He was to do whatever his mother told him to do
7 The talk is about to begin
We were about to start when it began to rain将来进行时
1 What will you be doing this time tomorrow?
I will be doing my best
It’s raining. I hope it won’t be raining tomorrow
2 Will you be coming to the dancing party?
Will you come to the dancing party?
将来完成时
They will have been here for five years next month
We will have learned 4.000 words by the end of this year主动形式表被动意义
1 The steel feels cold
The flower smells sweet
( look ; sound ; taste ; prove ; appear )
Work began at 7 o’clock
The shops close at 6 p.m every day
( finish ; start ; open ; end )
This type of recorder sells well
That kind of shirt washes well
The box doesn’t lock
( write ; read ; open ; clean ; shut )4 The meat is cooking
The cakes are baking
The bridge is building
( print ; hang ; make )
5 The house needs / requires / wants / repairing
The book is well worth reading
6 The book is difficult ( for me ) to understand
The boy is easy ( for people) to get along with
We found English difficult to learn
( hard ; comfortable ; pleasant ; fit ; safe; dangerous) 7 I have an important meeting to attend
I have some matters to deal with
I have a letter to type
I have a letter to be typed
The car is to let
The boy is to blame for the mistake
9 John and Jane got married last month
Finally the car got repaired
He fell off the car and got killed1 What did you say?
So you_____to me
A won’t listen B weren’t listening C didn’t listen D haven’t listened
2 Let’s see if the baseball match has started yet?
Started? It must be clear who___by now
A is winning B wins C has won D would win
3 I _____violin lessons every two weeks, but I think I will make it every week from next month
A am having B have had C have D have been having
4 Glad to see you back. How long____in Russia
A did you stay B have you stayed C were you staying D have you been staying5 Everyone was at the party except you
I _____with a friend who had traveled all the way from New York
A talked B has just talked C was talking D have been talking
6 ______the new VCD for me, Mum? You promised
Oh , dear , I forgot
A will you buy B did you buy C have you bought D would you buy
7 I didn’t like aunt Lucy, who_____without bringing presents
A always turned up B has always turned up
C is always turning up D was always turning up
8 What were you doing when I phoned you yesterday evening
I ________my homework and was starting to take a bath
A had just finished B was finishing C have already finishd D was going to finish9 Why did you come by taxi?
My bike broke down last night and I ____it repaired
A didn’t have B don’t have C won’t have D haven’t had
10 Mr. White works with a chemical company but he ____in his sister’s shop , since he’s on leave
A has worked B works C is working D worked非谓语动词做状语5 Wounded, the soldier continued to fightAlthough he was wounded, the soldier continued to fight6 Having been told many times, he still didn’t understand itAlthough he had been told many times, he still didn’t understand 7 Being Sunday, the shops are overcrowdedBecause it is Sunday ,the shops are overcrowded 8 Being ill, he didn’t attend the classSince he was ill, he didn’t attend the class1 Hearing the news , they burst into tears.When they heard the news, they burst into tears2 Having finished his work, he went out to playAfter he had finished his work, he went out to play3 Turning to the right , you will find the post officeIf you turn to the right , you will find the post office4 Given another chance, I will do it much betterIf I am Given another chance, I will do it much better9 To catch the first bus, he got up very early this morning
10 To be accepted by the group, he offered a lot of moneyWhen leaving the airport, he waved goodbye to me
Be careful when crossing the road
Although frightened, he managed to run away
Don’t say anything unless asked
If taken good care of, the tree will grow fasterConj+Ving/Ved, MS MS + Conj +Ving/Ved
Entering the room, she found the man lying on the floor
On entering the room, she found the man lying on the floor1 He walked down the hill, singing softly to himself
He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards
He turned away disappointed2 The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces.
A number of new machines were introduced from abroad,
thus resulting in an increase in production
He tried to help her, only making things worseWhich resulted in an increase in production
Which made things worse3 The whole family went to the beach to spend the weekend
He got up early in order to (so as to) catch the first bus4 He came back only to find his friend had left
He is too excited to speak
He is old enough to go to school5 He is surprised to hear the news
I am sorry to know that you are ill To tell you the truth, this is all Greek to me
To be honest , I know nothing about it
Judging from appearance, he seems to be a strong man
Generally speaking, this novel is not interesting
Considering her age, she is activeThey pretended to be working with their lights burning
She had to walk home with her bike stolen
I can’t go out to play with so much work to do非谓语做定语
1 He has too many things to do
There is nothing to worry about
2 The meeting to take place next month will be a success
He is always the first to answer questions
He was the best man to do the job
3 He is famous for his ability to speak four languages
Thank you for giving me the chance to make the speech4 Can you see the man standing( who is standing) there
There is a piano standing( which stands) in the corner5 Is this the book written(which was written) by Henry James
He was a teacher respected( who was respected) by all Ss6 The matter to be discussed is important
The matter discussed is important
The matter being discussed is importantWhich is to be discussed
Which has been discussed
Which is being discussed 非谓语动词做宾语补足语
1 She asked me to answer the question
I was asked to answer
He persuaded me to give up smoking
( tell ; request ; force ; encourage ; allow ; permit ; advise ;
prefer ; warn ; remind ; cause )
2 I know this to be a fact
She believes him to be honest
I consider it to be unwise
( feel ; think ; understand ; suppose ; prove ; find )3 I saw him come
We felt the house shake
( hear ; listen to ; watch ; notice ; observe )
4 He made her give up at last
I would have you know that I am ill
( let ; make ; have ; help )
5 I saw the boy crossing the road
I saw the boy cross the road( The boy was seen to cross)
I saw the bike repaired
I saw the bike being repaired Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain
He ran away, leaving his work unfinished( undone ; untouched
Her parents left her to choose her own friends
We ended the meeting, leaving many problems to be settled You should get your friend to help you
I’ll get the car going
I must get my car repaired
He got his wallet stolenShe had us working day after day
We are going to have her live with us
I have them laughing by telling them a funny story
The old woman had her handbag stolen
You should have your teeth pulled out
I have work to do
I have a letter to be typed please keep the fire burning
We will keep you informedHe got back and found him lying on the floor
He got back and found his computer stolen
He raised his voice to make himself heard
He came over to make himself hear what the man was talking
The farmer caught the boys stealing the apples
The joke set them laughing非谓语动词做主语
1 To learn a language well is not easy
To have known you is an honorIt is not easy to learn a language well
It is an honor to have known youIt is + Adj + for / of + sb/sth +to do
It is very kind of you to come to see me
It is easy for me to see through the trick2 Saying is easier than doing
His coming here will be a great help
Mary’s crying made her mom angry
Being killed in an accident is very common in this country3 It is no use/good doing sth
It is not any use/good doing sth
It is of little use/good doing sth
It is useless doing sth
It is no use crying over split milk
It is of little use staying up too late every day非谓语动词做宾语
1 I can’t afford to take flying lessons
I prefer to call off the meeting
( agree; ask; decide; expect; fail; hope; manage; pretend; intend;2 I find it difficult to learn English
I believe it best to get up early
( feel; find; consider; think )3 He admitted taking his watch
She imagined finding a wallet on the sidewalk
( appreciate; avoid; consider; delay; dislike; escape; finish; keep; mind ; miss; practice; suggest)
4 forget ; remember; regret; stop; try; mean; go on; can’t help疑问词+不定式
1 When to start has not been decided
How to make a living is a problem
2 I don’t know what to do
He didn’t know whether to go or not
3 My question was how to get so many books
The difficulty is where to go
4 I can tell you where to get the stamp
I asked him how to learn English不带to的动词不定式
1 He decided to settle down in New York and continue his work
2 Why not do it right now?
They would rather/had better die
We could do nothing but wait
We have no choice but to wait介词to
Get down to; turn to; lead to; look forward to; relate to; stick to; be used to;
The day he looked forward to ____It is good to sit with you
It is good to be sitting with you
He is said to write a preface to the book
He is said to be writing a preface to the book
She seems to dance well
She seems to have danced well
There appears to be some mistake in the book
There appears to have been some mistakes in the book
He was happy to have been staying with his uncle
He was thought to h