课件20张PPT。紧记固定搭配的含介词的中考词组:
(1)介词短语
at breakfast from now on on one’s way to
at first in the end in front of
at last in time in the middle of
at least on time instead of
at once on foot out of
at the same time by the way
Remember and translate:
hear from ring sb up
hold on send up
hurry up stop sb. from doing sth.
knock at/on take off
laugh at take part in
listen to think about
look after/at/for/up/out try on
take care of turn on/off
make friends with wait for
pay for wake up
put on/ away/ off write down
put sth. down worry about
(2)Do you remember them?… 在…岁时 ___ the age of
有时 ___ times
开始,在…起初 ___ the beginning of
此刻 ___ the moment = now
在…结尾,在…尽头 ___ the end of 例如 ____ example
匆忙地 ___ a hurry
到…的时候 ____ the time
从…到… _____…___…
在户外,在野外 ___ the open air
atatatatatforinbyfromtoin 相邻，靠近 next ___ 将来 ___ the future
由于,幸亏 thanks ___
过了一会儿 _______ a while 在地球上 ___ earth 遍及 all_____
下课/放学/下班后 ______ class/school/work
展出 ___ show 值日 ___ duty
独立, 单独 all ___ oneself
令(某人)惊讶 ___ one’s surprisetointoafteronafterononbytooverⅠ用适当的介词填空
1.We usually have lunch______ noon.
2.Lin Tao was born______ February 18th.
3.Ann sits_____ my right,______ Kate's left. She sits___________us.
4.My father is leaving______ Suzhou tomorrow.
5.We must learn_______ each other. at on on on between for from 6.They went_________ the gate and entered the garden.
7.We can do all things _______our hands.
______the end of the last cap，he caught up _____the others.
9.Be kind_____people. Don't shout _____people.
10.Last month he worked_____ a teacher _____three weeks. through with Atwith to at as forⅡ.单项选择
1.His father is very angry_________him his study.
A. at，with B. with，at
C. to，about D. about，to
2.Paper is made_________wood.
A.from B.of C.by D.in
3.The basket is full_________apples.
A.with B.of C.in D.by
4.Kate can't come.Let's ask wei Hua instead______her.
A.of B.for C.to D.withBABA5.The heavy rain stopped me___getting to school on time.
A. to B. from C. on D. for
6.Li Lida's parents are very proud_________their son.
A. to B. in C. for D. of
7.The fox looked up_________ a cock sitting the tree.
A. to，in B. at, in
C. for，on D. at，on
BDB8.Please wait_________the bus stop near my home.
A. for B.at C. next D. in front
9.Where is your bike made_________?
in B. from C. of D./
10.When the red light is on，it's dangerous to go the street.
A. across B. through
C. cross D. toBDA1.了解介词的定义：表示词语间语义关系的词叫介词，介词用于名词或名词词组或相当于名词词组的结构前。
2.熟悉介词的结构：简单介词、复合介词和短语介词；
3. 介词不能单独使用作句子成份，必须和名词或代词组成介词短语；
4. 如果用在动词前，动词必须用动名词形式。如：thank sb.for doing sth. what about doing sth. without doing sth等；
5.介词短语在句中一般可作定语表语，宾语补足语，状语等。介词的主要分类：1. at the cinema, in the hospital ____
2. Write with a pen, go by bus _____
3. in summer, on Septemper 1st _____
4. by the way, at last, in the end ____地点介词方式介词时间介词固定搭配一.地点介词1.at the village , at home, at the corner of the street..
2.in Shanghai , in the country, in Asia, in the world, in space…
3. in the box, on the chair, in front of the house, behindthe door…
___________________________________________________表示小地方用at表示大地方用in表示不同地方用具体不同的介词 二.方式介词1.write with a pen, cut with a knife, lock with a lock… ____________________
2. see with our eyes, do with our hands, smell with our noses, eat with our mouths…
____________________
3. in English , in French , in your own words,
in three languages… _____________________
4. in a loud voice, in a low voice…
______________________
5. in this way, in these ways , by this means…
_______________________
使用工具用介词 with使用器官用介词 with使用语言用介词 in使用声音用介词 in使用方法用介词 in 或 by6.by bike, by bus, by train, by plane, by ship, by car… (on foot) by land 陆路， by sea 水路，by air 空运
但：on the bike, on the bus, on the train, on the plane, on the ship, in the car…
7. ①Shanghai lies ____the east of China.( )
②Japan lies _____the east of China.( )
③Hubei lies _____the north of Hunan.( )
8.in a read coat, the girl in yellow, the boy in white…
9.lie in bed, after a while, in the sun ( )使用交通工具用 byintoon在中国内部在中国外部两地接壤表示穿衣服用 in固定搭配三.时间介词1.at six o’clock, at noon, at that time, at half past three, _____________________
2.on Sunday, on New Year’s Day, on March 21st, on my birthday … ______________________
3. in three days, in a week, in a month, in May,
in a season, in 1998, in a century…
_________________________
4. in the morning, in the afternoon , in the evening ______________________________________
5. at night = ____ _____ night
6. in the day = in the ____________
表示点钟或具体一点时间用 at表示在某一天用 on表示大于一天的时间用 in在早上/下午/傍晚 用 inintheday-time7. 具体时间用不同的介词:在放假期间 ____________the holiday
三天之后 three days _________
持续了五个月 last _______ five months
duringlaterfor(3)固定搭配: arrive ___/___a place find ___
get on _____ be afraid __ sth.
give ___ be angry ____ sb. hand ___ be busy _____ sth. be ready ___ be full __
be good ___ be interested __
be late ___
grow ___
eat ___
inatwithupinforatforupupoutofwithwithofinget back/on/off/up
come from/down
come in/on/out/back继续比...中考精选练习:一.选择填空:( )1.There is a good play______TV this evening.
A. on B. by C. in （２００３佛山）
( )2. How far is it ____ Guangzhou____Beijing? （２００２ A. from…to B. from…for C. away…to 佛山）
( )3. Japan lies _____the east of China.（２００３广东）
A. to B. in C. on
( )4. Mr. Brown has gone to Canada. He will be back ___
tow weeks. A. for B. after C. in （２００２广东）
( )5. A: What time did you get there this morning?
B: ____ eight. A. In B. At C. On
( )6. We all agree _____you. Let’s start at once.
A. to B. for C. withAAACBC ( )7. My aunt arrived here ____a warm spring morning. A. in B. at C. on( )8. A:When did your uncle arrive ______ China?
B: He got to Guangzhou______the morning of the
16th of April.
A. in, on B. in, in C. at, on
( )9. Hawaii is famous _____its beautiful beaches.
A. in B. for C. with
( )10. Don’t be angry with____. He is only a child.
A. he B. his C. him
( )11. We must stop children from______with fire.
A. play B. played C. playingCABCC二.单词拼写:1.There are ________( 超过 )sixty students in our class.
2. Fish can’t live__________( 没有 ) water.
3. We haven’t seen each other for a long time _________(自从… ) we met last time.
4. Do you worry about __________( 他们 ) ?
5. Who’s ______( 值日 ) duty today?
6. Have you paid ______( 付款 ) the book?
7. Please turn_______( 关掉 ) the lights.
8. It’s bad for your health to go to school___________( 不吃) breakfast.
overwithoutsincethemonforoffwithout课件31张PPT。1. I beg your pardon?
2. She was able to dance when she was 6.
3. He wanted to have another 2 apples.
4. People can’t live without water.
5. Bill loves music with lots of power.
6. The luggage is too heavy for me to carry.7. My computer doesn’t work well.
8. They couldn’t afford the tickets to the concert.
9. Stand higher and you will see farther.
10. I feel like doing something different after the exam.
1. I beg your pardon?
Please say it again.
2. She could dance when she was 6.
She was able to dance at the age of 6.
3. He wanted to have another 2 apples.
He wanted to have 2 more apples.
4. People can’t live without water.
People can’t live if there is no water.
5. Bill loves music with lots of power.
Bill loves music full of power.6. The luggage is too heavy for me to carry.
The luggage is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
7. My computer doesn’t work well.
There is something wrong with my computer.
8. They couldn’t afford the tickets to the concert.
They didn’t have enough money to buy the tickets to the concert.9. Stand higher and you will see farther.
If you stand higher, you will see farther.
10. I feel like doing something different after the exam.
I would like to do something different after…
冠 词
虚词，本身无独立的意义， 它用来帮助说明名词所指的人或物是泛指还是特指
1. 不定冠词a, an（泛指）
a 用在辅音之前，
an 用在元音之前。
2. 定冠词 the （特指） 1) 不定冠词的特别用法
用在序数词前，表示“再一次，又一个”。
You’d better try a second time.
We don’t need a third person.
2)有些不可数名词要表示“一种”、“一场”、“一堆”时， 须加不定冠词
a heavy snow a strong wind make a fire
What a great time they are having!
3)表示某人(事物)的某一种类
My father is a driver.
4) 表示某一事物中的任何一个
An elephant is bigger than a horse.
2.定冠词 the 的用法
1)指上文提到过的人或物,用定冠词the
There is an apple on the table. The apple is mine.
2)世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the the sun the moon the earth
3)定冠词the用于序数词前或表示方位的名词前和形容词最高级前
the first the best in the south 4)乐器名称前用定冠词the
play the piano play the violin
5)在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数
The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.
=The Brown family are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.6)?表示方向、方位 in?the?east?在东方in?the?west?在西方
in?the?front?在前at?the?back?在后面
in?the?bottom?在部????
at?the?top??在顶部
on?the?right?在右边????
on?the?left?在左边?? 7)在一些形容词前，表示一类人
the rich 富人 the old 老人
the deaf 聋子
8) 在一些专有名词和习惯用语中常用定冠词the
the Great Wall by the way
in the morning on the right
behind the chair all the time 8）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前： She caught me by the arm.
她抓住了我的手臂。
9)表示特指，有修饰词或从句修饰。
The girl in red is my sister.
This is the book I bought last Sunday.
1. _____bike under the tree is mine.The2. Open ____door, please.the特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。指双方都知道的人或事物。3. I have a lovely dog. ____ dog is very clever.The4. _____sun is bigger than ____ moon.Thethe指上文提到的人或物。用在世界上独一无二的事物前。5.Sunday is ____ first day of a week.6. Let’s go to ____farthest island.thethe用在序数词前。用在形容词最高级前。7._____Great Wallthe用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前8._____Changjiang Riverthe9. _____Zijin Mountainthe10. _____Greensthe姓氏复数前要加定冠词，表示全家人或夫妇俩。11. play _____pianothe乐器名称前要加定冠词12. Thank you all ____same.用在一些习惯用语中。the3.不用冠词
1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年、学科等词前不用冠词
on Teachers’ Day in August
on Sunday on World Water Day
请区别：in the spring of 1945
(特指,加the )
2)一日三餐和球类运动名词前不用冠词
have breakfast play football 3)名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any,each作定语,不用冠词
They met here this morning.
Each boy has a workbook.
4)一些专有名词、不可数名词、称呼、头衔不用冠词
China Grade Two Mr.Li
Dr.Liu water meat juice 5）表示颜色、语种、国家前不用冠词
in purple in red
Japanese Britain
6）固定词组
go to bed by bus
at night in time4.在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同
★ in front of 在…前面
in the front of 在…范围内的前部
There is a tree in front of the house.
房子前面有一棵树
The teachers’ desk is in the front of the classroom.
讲台在教室的前部 ★ be sick in hospital (生病)住院
in the hospital 在医院里
He’s ill in hospital.
他生病住院。
My parents work in the hospital.
我的父母在医院工作。介词的主要分类：1. at the cinema, in the hospital
2. Write with a pen, go by bus
3. in summer, on Septemper 1st
4. by the way, at last, in the end 地点介词方式介词时间介词固定搭配一.地点介词1.at the village , at home, at the corner of the street..
2.in Shanghai , in the country, in Asia, in the world, in space…
3. in the box, on the chair, in front of the house, behindthe door…
___________________________________________________表示小地方用at表示大地方用in表示不同地方用具体不同的介词 二.方式介词1.write with a pen, cut with a knife, lock with a lock… ____________________
2. see with our eyes, do with our hands, smell with our noses, eat with our mouths…
____________________
3. in English , in French , in your own words,
_____________________
4. in a loud voice, in a low voice…
______________________
5. in this way, in these ways , by this means…
_______________________
使用工具用介词 with使用器官用介词 with使用语言用介词 in使用声音用介词 in使用方法用介词 in 或 by6.by bike, by bus, by train, by plane, by ship, by car… (on foot) by land 陆路， by sea 水路，by air 空运
但：on the bike, on the bus, on the train, on the plane, on the ship, in the car…
7. ①Shanghai lies ____the east of China.( )
②Japan lies _____the east of China.(
③Hubei lies _____the north of Hunan.(
8.in a read coat, the girl in yellow, the boy in white…
9.lie in bed, after a while, in the sun ( )使用交通工具用 byintoon在中国内部在中国外部两地接壤表示穿衣服用 in固定搭配三.时间介词1.at six o’clock, at noon, at that time, at half past three, _____________________
2.on Sunday, on New Year’s Day, on March 21st, on my birthday … ______________________
3. in three days, in a week, in a month, in May, in a season, in 1998, in a century…
_________________________
4. in the morning, in the afternoon , in the evening ______________________________________表示点钟或具体一点时间用 at表示在某一天用 on表示大于一天的时间用 in在早上/下午/傍晚 用 in5. 具体时间用不同的介词:在放假期间 ____________the holiday
三天之后 three days _________
持续了五个月 last _______ five months
duringlaterforⅠ用适当的介词填空
1.We usually have lunch______ noon.
2.Lin Tao was born______ February 18th.
3.Ann sits_____ my right,______ Kate's left. She sits___________us.
4.My father is leaving______ Suzhou tomorrow.
5.We must learn_______ each other. at on on on between for from 6.They went_________ the gate and entered the garden.
7.We can do all things _______our hands.
______the end of the last cap，he caught up _____the others.
9.The light shines _____ the window into the room.
10.Last month he worked_____ a teacher _____three weeks. through with Atwith through as for课件104张PPT。1. be famous for=be well-known for
be famous as= be well-known as
2. do harm to
= be harmful to
= be bad for
be harmless to
3. some …others
one…another…the other
1. at the end of the street
at the end of the month
by the end of last term
in the end= at last= finally
2. remind sb of sth
rob sb of sth
warn sb of sth
3. prevent sb (from) doing sth
stop sb (from) doing sth
keep sb from doing sth1. be covered with sth
be covered by sb
2. be grateful to sb for sth
= be thankful to sb for sth
= thank sb for sth
3. in silence = silently
4. in tears
break into tears1. lose one’s way
lose one’s sense of
2. so far, up till now, recently,
3. take place
happen to do sth
4. make up one’s mind to do sth
make a decision to do sth
decide to do sth1. sth be used to do sth
be used to doing sth
get used to doing sth
used to do sth
= often did sth in the past
(live 和延续性动词不加often)
2. no longer = not any longer
no more = not any more
3. fall asleep/ feel sleepy
1. agree with sb
agree to do sth
agree to (plan, idea)
agree on where to go
2. marry sb
get married to sb
be married to sb
3. in order to do sth
in order not to do sth1. It is said that
It is believed that
It is reported that
动词归类复习一、按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类二、按动词是否受主语的人称和数等的变化可以分为 限定动词和非限定动词1、限定动词2、非限定动词 行为动词
1、有些动词后面可跟不定式作宾补：
ask sb (not) to do sth
tell sb (not) to do sth
want sb (not) to dot sth2、有些动词后面可跟双宾语，间宾置前时，相应加上介词to或for:
give sb sthe = give shte to sb
buy sb sth = buy sth for sb
3、有些动词后面只可跟动词-ing，不可跟动词不定式：
enjoy doing sth
mind doing sth行为动词4、有些动词后面可跟不定式也可跟动词-ing，但其义不同：go on doing sth
go on to do sthforget doing sth
forget to do sthremember doing sth
remember to do sthstop doing sth
stop to do sth５、有些动词宾语后面可跟动词，也可跟动词原形，其义大不同：watch sb/sth doing sth
watch sb/sth do sthsee sb/sth doing sth
se sb/sth do sth返回
系动词系动词
Link Verb，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：
He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。
He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
2）持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay
例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 3）表像系动词 用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look,
例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad.
他看起来很伤心。 4）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste,
例如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如：
He became angry at her words.
She grew rich within a short time.
她没多长时间就富了。 6）终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意，例如：
The rumor proved false.
这谣言证实有假。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。Conclusion:1. 连系动词后面跟形容词作表语。2. 连系动词无被动语态。 助动词1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词,
助动词自身没有词义，
不可单独使用，
He doesn’t like English.
他不喜欢英语。
（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义) 最常用的助动词有：
be, have, do,
shall, will,
should, would 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来： a. 表示时态，
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。 b. 表示语态，
He was sent to England.
他被派往英国。 c. 构成疑问句，例如：
Do you like college life?
你喜欢大学生活吗？
Did you study English before you came here?
你来这儿之前学过英语吗？
d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，I don’t like him. 我不喜欢他。
He doesn’t do well in Chinese.
e. 加强语气，例如：
Do come to the party tomorrow evening.
明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that.
他的确知道那件事。 助动词be的用法? 1） be +现在分词，构成进行时态，
They are having a meeting.
他们正在开会。
English is becoming more and more important.
英语现在越来越重要。 2) be + 过去分词，构成被动语态，
The window was broken by Tom.
窗户是汤姆打碎的。
English is taught throughout the world.
世界各地都教英语。
助动词have的用法? 1）have +过去分词，构成完成时态，
He has left for London.
他已去了伦敦。
By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。 2）have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时，
I have been studying English for ten years.
我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。
3）have+been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态，
English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。
Chinese is widely spoken all over the world.
助动词do的用法? 1） 构成一般疑问句，例如
Do you want to pass the exam?
你想通过测试吗？
Did you study German?
你们学过德语吗？
Does she often watch TV? 2） do + not = don’t
does +not= doesn’t
did + not = didn’t构成否定句，
I do not want to be criticized.
He doesn’t like to study.
In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.
3) 构成否定祈使句，
例如：
Don’t go there.
Don’t be late.
说明： 构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。 4） 放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气，例如：
Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。
I did go there. 我确实去那儿了
I do miss you. 我确实想你。
5） 用于倒装句，例如：
Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。
Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。 说明： 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。 6） 用作代动词，例如：
---- Do you like Beijing?
---- Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
（do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.）
Tom draws better than Jim does.助动词shall和will的用法
shall和will作为助动词可以与动
词原形一起构成一般将来时，
I shall study harder at English.
He will go to Shanghai.
助动词should, would的用法? 1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称，
I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.
我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。 2） would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称，
He said he would come.
他说他要来。 情态动词
情态动词的语法特征 1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2） 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接动词原形。
3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s.
4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。 5) 朗读时，情态动词的肯定式一般不重读，
6)有些情态动词没有过去式，如must;
有些有过去式，如：can—could, may—might, have to –had to等
7) 情态动词的否定式一般是在它们的后面加否定词构成，但have to需借助动词do， did，does。
1. Can could ：1. 过去式；
He could speak good English when he was 5 years old.
2. 语气更委婉
Could you tell me the way to the post office？
1）提出委婉的请求，
（注意在回答中不可用could）
--- Could I have the television on?
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can‘t. 2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。 比较can 和be able to? 1）can could 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could),
只用于现在式和过去式(could)。
2）be able to可以用于各种时态。
They will be able to tell you the news soon.
他很快就能告诉你消息了。
They will can tell you the news soon。 3）表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
1. may might: 1. 过去式；2.语气更委婉Eg. 1. She may be still waiting for us.
2. May I come in?
3.May you have a happy holiday.比较may和might? 1） 表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；
may 放在句首，表示祝愿
May God bless you!
He might be at home. 注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。 Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will 1. must 表示肯定的猜测,但只用于肯定句，
He must be at home, for the light is on.
而mustn’t 表示“禁止、不准”
You mustn’t sleep in class.2. must + have +p.p对过去事情的肯定猜测。Eg.
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.must表示主观
have to表示客观需求
have got to 多见于口语比较have to和must ? 1) 两词都是‘必须’的意思，
have to 表示客观的需要，
must 表示说话人主观上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. (客观上需要做这件事) He said that they must work hard. （主观上要做这件事） 2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。
但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.
3） 在否定结构中：
don’t have to
= don’t need to
= needn’t 表示“不必” mustn’t 表示“禁止”，
You don’t have to tell him about it.
你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn‘t tell him about it.
你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
1、Shall /should 2、shall/should + have +p.p
表示本应该做而未做。should 过去式
语气更委婉Eg.
You should have been five minutes ago.Will/ would 1、Would 后只能接表示动作的
动词。2、used to 则还可以接表示状态
的动词。
Eg. He used to be a worker.1、情态动词用于否定、疑问句；条件从句中。
eg.
1. Dare you go here alone?
2. How dare you do such foolish things?
3. I won’t allow you to swim in the river,
even if you dare do it.dare 2 、做实意动词后加不定式。
eg.
I didn’t dare to tell him about it.
比较need和dare? 这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。
作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。
need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。 1) 实义动词： need （需要, 要求） need + n. / to do sth
2) 情态动词： need，
只用原形need后加do，
否定形式为need not。 ---Need you go now? ---Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.
3) need 的被动含义：need, want, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动：
need doing = need to be done
This coat needs washing.
= This coat needs to be washed.
非谓语动词动词不定式基本形式及特点用法注意事项动词不定式（1）基本形式：
to+动词原形 / not to + 动词原形动词不定式(3) 用法 ：A、作主语，如 To learn English is not easy .
= It’s not easy to learn English.B、作表语，如 The important thing is to finish the work on time . 动词不定式作宾语C动词 + to do动词+疑问词 + to do find/ feel + it+adj +to do常见动词有 agree,decide ,fail, hope, wish , want, plan 等I don’t know what to do .I find it important to learn English.Li Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary .注：有以上结构的常用动词有 tell. wish, ask, want , like, beg, invite,warn, allow,encourage,advise 常用的动词是：感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice； 使役动词 make, let ,have .E、作状语可以表目的、表结果、表原因
He came here to tell me why he didn’t come to school.动词不定式注意：1、在感官动词和使役动词不定式可省略to,但以上词变为被动语态时，要加上to, 如I always saw her play violin .He was made to work 12hours a day.2、动词不定式的否定形式为：
not + to do
ask sb not to do sth/ tell sb not to do sth
make sb not do sth/ let sb not do sthMr.Smith asked the boy ___________(not play) this kind of game. not to playPlease have him __________(not do) so much housework. not do返回主页动名词基本形式及特征用法注意返回主页动名词基本形式动词原形 + ing 动名词用法1、作主语Smoking is bad for our health.2、作宾语（1）只能接动名词做宾语的动词有miss, finish, mind, keep, practise, enjoy, 等。动名词（2）既可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有两类：动名词3、作表语His favorite sport is playing basketball . 4、作定语 shopping basketball finishing line注意两点1、动名词的 复合结构为：名词所有格形容词性物主代词+ 动名词c返回主页2、动名词的习惯用语：a. It’s no use doing sth. b. can’t help doing sth.c. feel like doing sth.d. be busy doing sth.e. No doing返回主页分词现在分词过去分词现在分词基本形式：动词原形+ ing过去分词基本形式： 规则动词加ed 或不规则动词的过去分词developing countrydeveloped country返回主页HAVE A TEST. I didn’t spend al the money _______(buy) the books.2. Do you have anything ________(say) at the meeting?3. Yesterday I saw a wallet ________(lie) on the ground .4.The man ran out ________(see) what was wrong .5. She was often heard _________(sing) in English.6. Stop ________(read), please.I’ve something to tell you .7. The boy _______(call) Li Hua in the room is his brother.buyingto saylying to see to singreadingcalled1. I take the newspaper away?
No, you mustn’t. You read it only here.
A. Must, can B. May, can
C. Need, must D. Must, must
2.Must I reture the book at once?
No,you .but you teturn it after school.
A.needn’t,must B.mustn’t,can C.mustn’t,may D.can’t,need练习巩固BA
3.Our teacher often tells us in the street.
A. no play B. not playing
C. not to play D. not to playing
4.My mother is out, so I look after my little sister.
A. may B. must C. have to D. can练习巩固CB5.The students stopped when the teacher came in.
A. to talk B. talking
C. talks D. talked
6.Please don’t forget the door when you leave.
A. pocked B. lock
C. to lock D. locking
BC练习巩固7.Please walk fast, we’ll be late.
A. or B. and C. so D. then
8.The old lady saw me the pen on the floor.
A. dropped B. drop
C. dropping D. to dropAC9.I saw two old woman here when I was walking .
A. sit, pass B. sitting, past
C. sitting, pass D. sit, past
10. the morning of September, our school begins.
A. In B. On C. At D. To
BB1、只接动名词做宾语的词/词组consider, suggestadvise,
look forward to,
admit, delay put off
avoid, miss,
keepkeep on, practise
deny, finish, enjoy
can’t help ,mind, allow, escape
get down to
lead to
beget become used to
pay attention to
look forward to2. “to” 用作介词3.
give up, feel like ,
can’t stand , succeed in,
spend/waste time (in) ,
be busy (in),
have a good/hard time (in) , have difficulty /trouble (in)
It is no use good ,
be worth, 4、只接不定式作宾语的词/词组decide, learn,
want, expect hope wish,
refuse, manage, care, pretend,
offer, promise, choose, plan
agree, ask , help
seem, happen, afford,
make up one’s mind to,
would like/love to
5、接动名词、不定式意义不同1) forget to do / forget doing
2) regret to do / regret doing
3) remember to do / remember doing
4) go on to do / go on doing
5) mean to do / mean doing
6) stop to do / stop doing
7) try to do / try doing
8) can’t help (to) do / can’t help doing
1.He didn’t remember______him before.
A. having met B. have met
C. to meet D. to having met
2.Go on______the other exercise after you have finished this one.
A. to do B. doing
C. to be doing D. to be done6、不带不定式作复合宾语hope, wish, expect, want sb to do sth
1.I ______________ (希望) him to come.
=I ______________________. wish expect hope that he will come
7、瞬间非延续性动词 go, come, leave, start, return, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open, close, die, become, break, join, kill, marry, graduate, buy
marry--be married seat--be seated
hide--be hidden engage--be engaged
die--be dead begin--be on
join--be in
borrow--keep come--be/stay
leave--be away buy--have=have got1.He died ten years ago, that’s to say, he has _____ for ten years.
A. been died B. been dead
C. died D. been dying
2.When Jack arrived, he learned Mary
____for almost an hour.
A. had gone B. had set off
C. had left D. had been away He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
The boy is so sick that he is dying fast.
The bus is coming.
The train is leaving.
I am going home.
8 、否定前移类
1.I don’t think he can finish the work,____? A.can’t he B.can he C.do I D.don’t I
2.Mrs Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera,______? A.does she B. doesn’t she C.do we D. don’t we
3.You don’t think he can finish it, ______? A.do you B. don’t you C.can he D. can’t he
think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, guess9、省略替代类1）believe, think, suppose, expect, guess
I think so. I think not = I don’t think so
2) hope, fear, be afraid + so / not
3) intend, want, plan, wish, like, love, hate, hope, try, would (should) like / love to 1.Do you want to have a rest? Yes, I want to, but I can’t.
2.Did you get the new stamps? No, I tried to, but there wasn’t any left in that post office.
Good-bye!课件22张PPT。一、用名词的适当形式填空
1.How many _______(绵羊)and ________(鹿) can you see?
2. These _______(woman) teachers like their ______(girl) students.
3. Happy _______(教师) Day!
4. Happy _______(儿童) Day!
5.There are three _____(shoe) shops, they sell ______(shoe)6. ______(Tom) and ______(Jim) father likes ______(mouse) a lot.
7.That man is a friend of ________(我)/ my ________(father).
8.I have six ______(小刀), two _____ (shelf) and some _________(potato).
9. Three ______(德国人) and seven ______(法国人) are visiting our school.
10.They are all good _______(故事), but none of the _____(男孩) likes them.
名词—英语词汇的主体
1. 可数名词:
包括个体名词, 集体名词，后者是表示由个体组成的集体，常见的有：army, family, audience, police, team等。
2. 不可数名词:
water, paper, air, news, bread, …可数名词—注意特殊的复数形式 1. 以s, sh, ch, x 结尾的词，加es
buses，dishes， watches， boxes
2. 辅音字母+o结尾的少数词，特别是常用词，有生命+es， 无生命+s。如:
heroes, potatoes, tomatoes，hippos，
photos，videos, radios, zoos, pianos。
3. 以f/fe结尾的词
1) 通常变f为v，再加-es,
如：half—halves, leaf—leaves,
wife---wives, life—lives等。
2) 下列词只加s: roofs, beliefs, chiefs
3) 有些词加s或es均可。 如：scarf, handkerchief等。
4. 不规则复数形式
1）改变元音字母。
如: man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet,
goose—geese, mouse—mice.
2) 改变词尾。
如：child—children, ox—oxen等。
3）两种复数形式。
如： hair/hairs, fruit/fruits，fish/ fishes等。
4）单复数同形
1）某些动物名称。 如：deer, sheep，fish , li, yuan, jin 等。
2) 表示某国人的词。 如：Chinese, Japanese, Swiss等。
3) 特殊情况。如： works5) 集体名词虽然以单数出现，但实为复数。
people, police, cattle, 本身就是复数，
不能说a people, a police, a cattle
但是可以说 a person,
a policeman, a herd of cattle.6）某些学科名称，虽然以 s结尾，但并非复数形式。
如：physics, maths等。
Maths isn’t difficult to learn.
7). the United States,
the United Nations
the New York Times
做主语，谓语动词用单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945.
The New York Times is popular all over the world. 8). 通常用于复数的名词。
1) 由两部分构成的事物。
如：scissors, trousers, glasses谓语动词用复数。
但是：a pair of scissors用单数动词。
2) 其他情况。如：clothes, fireworks, thanks, stairs, 等
不可数名词1. 用于不可数名词的“量词”。
a piece of, two pieces of
a can of ,
a bottle of ,
a pot of,
a bowl of等。2. 兼作可数名词和不可数名词的词
1) 兼作物质名词和个体名词的词。
如：glass—a glass,
paper– a paper,
experience---an experience
3.个体名词转作抽象名词。 如：a room—room,
a school– school等。
4. 成对的名词, 一个可数，另一个不可数。
如：a job – work 。
名词所有格--名词所有格的构成名词所有格的构成
1. 单数名词，
1) 不以s为词尾的单数名词，加’s，读音与名词复数词尾相同。
如: brother’s Philip’s
2) 以s为词尾的单数名词，在s只加’，读音均为/iz /。
如： James’ , Burns’
2. 复数名词
1) 无s词尾的复数名词，加’s。
如：children’s, people’s。
2) 有s词尾的复数名词，在s后加’。如：workers’, teachers’。
名词所有格--名词所有格的使用 名词所有格的使用
1. 用于表示人的专有名词。
如：Black’s, Jane’s, people’s
2. 用于表示某些动物的名词。
如：bird’s, cow’s, ants’
3. 用于表示无生命东西的名词。
1) 时间 如：today’s, night’s
today’s newspaper
2）距离 如：
five minutes’ walk,
an hour’s ride
3）价格 如：ten dollars’ book
4）国家、城市等
如：the world’s, England’s, city’s
5)名词所有格所修饰的词的省略
1) 表示教堂、商店的词。
如: the barber’s
= the barber’s store
2) 表示某人的家的词。
如：my grandpa’s
= my grandpa’s home
Lucy’s = Lucy’s home6. 双重所有格
1）表示双重所有关系。如：
an old friend of mine
a friend of Peter’s father’s
2) 名词前有冠词或指示代词限定时，表示欣赏或厌恶的语气。如：
this new story of his
名词所有格--名词所有格的使用 7. 特殊情况
1) 由else一词修饰的somebody/nobody/nothing一类词的所有格加在else上。
如：somebody else’s。
2）并列的名词的所有格
A. 表分别所有，所有格加在各个名词上。
Tom’s and Jack’s rooms
=Tom’s room and Jack’s room
B.表共同所有，所有格加在最后的名词上。
Tom and Jack’s room
= the room which belongs to Tom and Jack
课件58张PPT。形容词副词复习 第三种情况是：少数单词的不规则变化
1. good/well ---- better
2. bad/ill ---- worse
3. many/much ---- more
4. little ---- less
5. far ---- farther/ further
6. old ---- older/ elder ---best
---worst
---most
---least
---farthest/furthest
---oldest/eldest Revision: Give comparative and superlative degrees of these words:
early
fast
slowly
quickly
badly
well---earlier--- the earliest
---faster--- the fastest
---more slowly--- most slowly
---more quickly--- most quickly
---worse —the worst
---better--- the best 形容词Write out the comparatives of the following adjectives pretty, ugly, heavy, happy, angry,
light, tall, short, strong, weak, fast, slow
nice, fine,
big, hot, sad, thin, fat
beautiful, interesting, difficult, serious, excited
good, bad, many, much, little, well, badly medicineFire makes us .It feels .Chinesehotsad形容词放在名词前做定语形容词放在宾语后，作宾语补足语形容词与系动词连用，作表语2 表语形容词afraid , alike ,
asleep, awake
alive, alone,
ill, well She is ill.
She is an ill girl.
The girl is still alive.
This is an alive girl.
She is afraid.
She is an afraid girl.3. 形容词修饰不定代词，放在不定代词后面。
There isn’t anything new in today’s newspaper?
Would you like to try something different?4. the +形容词 表示一类人
The rich should help the poor。
5。the + 国家的形容词 表示整个民族
The Chinese work very hard。6 形容词的位置多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：
限定词--数词--描绘词(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)--出处--材料性质,类别--名词1.It is made in Switzerland(瑞士，
其形容词为Swiss).
2.It is made of metal.
3.It is grey.
4. It is big.
5.It is round.
6. It is new.It is a watch.metalSwissgreynewroundbig 副词He runs quickly. （副词修饰动词）
She is seriously ill.（副词修饰形容词）
He runs fast enough to catch up with others. (副词修饰副词)
Luckily, he was not badly hurt.
（副词修饰句子）怎样将形容词变成副词？sad quiet usual
lucky happy noisy
true terrible 有许多副词是对应的形容词加ly构成,有几个特殊的要去e后再加-ly或y,
如:true –truly terrible –terribly
possible--possibly注意: friendly lovely, lonely 不是副词good的副词是well。
hard 既是形容词也是副词,作形容词是“困难的”，作副词是“努力地”。
hardly的意思是“几乎不”它和hard没关系。
fast既是形容词也是副词,“快的/地”
类似的还有high, early, late, long, far .注意:既可作形容词又可作副词fast
hard
well
high
low
last
late
early大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。
He is friendly to everyone.
His sister is a lovely girl.
We are likely to win the match.
He feels very lonely. 副词的位置：
1 在be动词,助动词和情态动词后面
He is always late for class.
He doesn’t always stay up late.
He can always pass the exams.
副词的顺序：
1 时间地点副词，从小到大.
We come from Fy Middle School, Bao’an District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China.
He was born on May the first, 1999.
2. 多个副词排列顺序：
程度+地点+方式+时间
I was born in SZ in 1981.
He always goes to school by bus on weekdays.
3. very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词.
I very like English.
I like English very much.
4. 副词/ 形容词+enough
He studies hard enough.
5. 不定代词＋形容词
I have something important to tell you. 形容词副词的比较级和最高级语法：形容词，副词的比较级&最高级
形容词和副词在应用中有三个级别.即:原级，比较级， 最高级。
在形容词和副词后加上 “er”表示“更……”
加上“est ”表示 “最…….”一、形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的构成规则：
1 一般在形容词、副词后加上er表示比较级加 上est表示最高 级
原级 比较级 最高级
1）small small small
2) young young young
3) fast fast fast er esteresterest?
??2? 以不发音的e结尾的，只加上r表示
比 较级，加上st表示最高级。
1) large large large
2) nice nice nice
3) fine fine fine
rstrstrst?3?? 以辅音字母+y 结尾的，把消去y,变成i,然后加 上er表示比较级；加上 est表示最高级。
原级 比较级 最高级
1）early early early
2) happy happy happy
ieriestieriest4????? 双写最后一个辅音字母，然后加上 er
表示比较级；加上est表示最高级。
原级 比较级 最高级
1） big big big
2) thin thin thin
3) wet wet wet
4) fat fat fat
5) hot hot hot
gergestnernesttertesttertesttertest 5 ? 双音节和多音节的形容词，副词，在这些形容词和副词前加上more表示比较级；加上most表示最高级。
原级 比较级 最高级
happily happily happily
heavily heavily heavily
注意：副词的比较级和最高级：
一般情况加more 和 most
slow+ ly= slowly--more slowly– most slowly
angry+ly= angrily---more angrily---most ~
moremost moremost3) expensive expensive expensive
4) carefully carefully carefully
exciting exciting exciting
frightening frightening frightening
boring boring boring
careful careful carefulmorethe mostmore the mostmore the mostmore the mostmore the mostmore the most6 不规则变化的靠背熟
原 级 比较级 最高级
1）good / well better the best
2) ill /bad/ badly worse the worst
3) little less the least
4) much /many more the most
5) far farther/further the farthest/furthest
6) old older /elder the oldest / eldest
very, quite, enough, rather, 原级：
能修饰形容词和副词原级的有:例如:
English is very important.
It is rather cold today.
He didn’t run fast enough.表示原级的基本句型 1. as…as …A=B（程度相同）
She is as clever as he.
He runs as fast as Tom.
2. not as…as…
not so …as…
或 less…than…(多音节词)
表示A不如B
I’m not as tall as him.
He didn’t do his homework as carefully as Tom.
This book is less important than that one.
3. as +形容词+a/ an+ 单数名词+as
This is as good an example as the other is.
4. as + many/ much +名词+as
I can carry as many books as you.
5. 倍数+as+adj+ as
Your school is twice as big as ours.2. 比较级
a 表示两者之间的比较
b 关键词是than(1)在形容词比较级前可用much, many，any，rather，even ,still ,a little , a bit, far, a lot来修饰，表示程度。There are many more people in SZ now than 10 years ago比较级还可以用年龄、倍数等词组修饰。
The mountain is 3 times higher than that one.(2)可用“比较级形式+than any other +单数名词来表达最高级的意思.
He is taller than any other student in the school 。(3)可用the +比较级形式+of the two…来表达两者之间的比较。
He is the better of the two .(4)可用“比较级形式+and+比较级形式”来表达“越来越的意思， 表示本身程度的改变，
English is easier and easier.
Math is more and more difficult.(5) 可用“the +比较级,the +比较级”形式来表达越…就越…的意思。
The more you eat, the fatter you will be.(6)Which/Who +动词 +比较级,A or B ?
Who draws more carefully, Tom or Jim?注意问题 1 . 比较对象的成分不能省.
The roads in Beijing are wider than those in Guangzhou.
The population of China is larger than that of America.r2. more 不能修饰比较级，只能构成比较级
English is more easier than Chinese.
English is much easier than Chinese.
3. 区分比较对象是否包含在范围内
Shanghai is bigger than any city in China.
Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.
Shanghai is bigger than any city in Guangdong.3. 最高级
a 表示三者或者以上的比较
b 关键词 of all， in，of， among等
c 最高级前一定要加the
修饰最高级的词
by far, far, much, mostly, almost, nearly
This hat is almost the most beautiful. 注意问题
形容词most前面没有the，意思是very “非常”
It is a most important problem.
= It is a very important problem.(1)可用“one of +the 最高级形式+名词复数表示“是最…… 之一者。
One of the most beautiful cities is Shanghai.(2)用the +形容词最高级形式+in / of …
Who is the tallest in the class?
Who is the tallest of the students ?(3)Which/Who +动词+最高级,A ，B or C?
Who jumps highest,Mike,John or Hill?(4)序数词+形容词最高级
(表示第几最……)Lily is the third tallest girl in her class.(5)可用原级，比较级，最高级三种方式表达。
Lily works the hardest of all the students in her class.
Lily works harder than any other student in her class.
Nobody else works harder than Lily in her class.1. Who dances ___, Cindy or Betty? (good)
2. New York is much ___ than Tokyo. (large)
3. He runs ___ than any other boy in the class. (fast)
4.Our country is getting ___ and ___. (strong)
5. The old man walked ___ than his grandson. ( slow)
betterlargerfasterstrongerstrongerslower6. He has ___ money than I.
A. less B. fewer C. least D. fewest
7. I have ___ books than she.
A. more B. many C. much D. most
8. There’s ___ water. You have to get some.
A. little B. fewer C. few D. less
9. Who is ____, Tim or Tom?
A. taller B. the taller C. tall
D. tallest
AAAB10. China has a ______ population than any country in Europe.
A. much larger B. large
C. more large D. very large
11. Anne can speak English very ______, but I can speak even______.
A. good, well B. well, better
C. well, well D. good, goodAB12. Sue will be _______ to go to school tomorrow.
A. good enough B. enough good
C. well enough D. enough well
13. Watching too much TV is harmful ______ your health.
A. for B. of C. to D. atCC14. ---Do you help your mother with the housework?
---No, she tells me that all I have to do _____ to study.
A. were B. was C. is D. are
15. She is famous _____ a singer.
A. for B. as C. by D. ofCB课件58张PPT。1. My hometown is twice as big as SZ.
2. He seems to have nothing to do every day.
3. He left for Hong Kong by plane last night.
4. I don’t think English is so difficult as math.
5. He didn’t know how he could deal with it.
6. He is a teacher and he is a doctor as well.7. Anne was wet through when she got home.
8. She seldom replies to my letters.
9. Without my permission, you can’t leave here.
10. John is an obedient child.
11. She decided to continue her study.
12. Would you please tell me the location of the post office?
1. My hometown is twice as big as SZ.
My hometown is twice the size as Sz.
2. He seems to have nothing to do every day.
It seems that there isn’t anything for him to do every day.
3. He left for Hong Kong by plane last night.
He took a plane to go to Hong Kong last night.4. I don’t think English is so difficult as math.
I think English is easier than math.
5. He didn’t know how he could deal with it.
He didn’t know what to do with it.
6. He is a teacher and he is a doctor as well.
He is a teacher as well as a doctor.
He is not only a teacher but also a …
6. Be more careful, or you will make many mistakes in your exams.
If you are not more careful, you will …
7. Anne was wet through when she arrived home.
Anne was completely wet when she got home.
8. She seldom replies to my letters.
She doesn’t often answer my letters.9. Without my permission, you can’t leave here.
You can’t leave here if I don’t agree.
10. John is an obedient child.
John often does what he is told to do.
11. She decided to continue her study.
She decided to go on with her study.
12. Could you show me where the post office is?
英语写作常识
1、标题：要求准确、醒目、简练
注意事项：
A、位置：在第一行的中部，如果标题过长，就写成两行，第二行比第一行短，写在第一行下方的中部。
B、大小写：第一个字母首字母要大写。
C、标题不加下划线，不用引号和括号，也不用句号，但可用问号和感叹号。2、正文部分
注意事项：
A、大写：句子开头首字母，文章标题虚词除专有名词要记住，节日月份、星期几，报刊杂志和书籍，职业头衔和称谓，I 我无论在哪儿总是大写没问题。
B、标点符号：
a、句号是实心点，汉语是小圆圈。
b、省略是3点，汉语则是6点。
c、英语中无顿号，只用逗号。
1.单词拼写错误
2.时态、语态错误：
用错时态或语态，
拼错动词形式，如过去式、现在、过去分词等
3.句子结构错误或成分残缺，如缺主、谓语
4.人称代词的主、宾格不分，不注意大小写、标点、单复数、冠词的使用
5.词组、短语、句型搭配与使用错误, 或不符合英语表达习惯
6.修饰关系错误：代词关系；名词当动词用或动词（或形容词）当名词用；副词与形容词（等级）使用错误
二、应试策略
A、审题目：
要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。
在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据提供的资料和信息来审题。
审题要审格式、体裁、时态、人物、故事情节、时间、地点等。 B、圈要点：防止遗漏要点。要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。
C、列提纲：为写作做好准备。根据文章要点短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。
D、定基调：定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾。
三. 写短文时要做到以下六个方面：
（1）避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。
几种句型可交替使用，以避免重复和呆板。
（2）多用简单句型，记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。
不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。 （3）注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。语态、时态要准确无误;
主谓语要一致，主语的人称和数要和谓语一致；
注意人称代词的宾格形式；
注意冠词用法，例如：He is an honest student.中的an不能写成a；
注意拼写、标点符号和大小写，例如：receive，fourteen，forty，ninth 等不要写成receve，forteen，fourty，nineth等。
（4）描写人物时，要生动具体，例如：
外表特征：tall，short，fat，thin，strong，weak，ordinary-looking，pretty等。
服饰颜色：red ,yellow，blue，white， green，brown，black等。
内心境界：glad，happy，sad，excited， anxious，interested 等。
感情描写：love，like，hate，feel，laugh，cry，smile，shout等。
动作描写：come，go，get，have，take，bring，fetch 等。
（5）上下文要连贯。
上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则，因此同学们应把写好的句子，根据故事情节，事情发生的先后次序（时间或空间），使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理，使文章连贯、自然、流畅。同学们应注意下面过渡的用法： 表示并列关系的：and, as well as, or…
表示转折关系的：but, yet, however…
表示时间关系的：when, while, after, be?鄄fore, then, after that…
表示因果关系的：so，therefore，as a result…
表示目的的：in order to，in order that， so as to, so that…
表示列举的：for example , such as…
表示总结性的：in general, in all, in a word, generally speaking…
（6）不会表达，另辟蹊径。
中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定，造句越简单准确越好，造复合句容易出错，容易被扣分。如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达，可采用变通的办法，化难为易，化繁为简。总之，所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。 3、改病句：
中考作文时，由于时间紧、内容多，同学们出错在所难免。因此，改错这一环节必不可少。
中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分，根据错误多少来扣分。
因此中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手：
（1）看字数是否达到要求。
(2 )看有无遗漏要点。
（3）看文体格式是否正确规范。
（4）看词语使用是否正确，有无语法或用词上的错误。
（5）看单词拼写、字母大小写是否有错，标点符号有无遗漏或用错等等。
（6）注意时态、语态、人称是否上下文一致。
4、考试中，书面表达应做到先打草稿，写完后多读几遍，检查是否有误，然后再抄到试卷上，注意字迹要工整，不涂、不画、不勾不抹，避免不必要的扣分。
形容词副词复习 形容词Lucy is a pretty girl. Please keep the classroom .The soup tastes .cleangood形容词放在名词前做定语形容词放在宾语后，作宾语补足语形容词与系动词连用，作表语2. 只能作表语的形容词afraid , alike ,
asleep, awake
alive, alone,
ill, well3. 只能作定语的形容词 an eight-year-old boy ,
an eight-hundred-word composition 副词He runs quickly. （副词修饰动词）
She is seriously ill.（副词修饰形容词）
He runs fast enough to catch up with others. (副词修饰副词)
Luckily, he was not badly hurt.
（副词修饰句子）1. 有许多副词是对应的形容词加ly构成,4. 有几个特殊的要去e后再加-ly或y,
如:true –truly terrible –terribly
possible— possibly
Comfortable-- comfortably注意: friendly lovely, lonely 不是副词5. good的副词是well。
hard 既是形容词也是副词,作形容词是“困难的”，作副词是“努力地”。
hardly的意思是“几乎不”它和hard没关系。
fast既是形容词也是副词,“快的/地”
类似的还有high, early, late, long, far , low, well, hard. 副词的位置：
1 在be动词,助动词和情态动词后面
He is always late for class.
He doesn’t always stay up late.
He can always pass the exams.
副词的顺序：
1 时间地点副词，从小到大.
We come from Fy Middle School, Bao’an District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China.
He was born on May the first, 1999.
2. 多个副词排列顺序：
程度+地点+方式+时间
I was born in SZ in 1981.
He always goes to school by bus on weekdays.
3. very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词.
I very like English.
I like English very much.
5. 形容词副词的比较级和最高级语法：形容词，副词的比较级&最高级
形容词和副词在应用中有三个级别.即:原级，比较级， 最高级。
在形容词和副词后加上 “er”表示“更…”
加上“est ”表示 “最…….”一、形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的构成规则：
1 一般在形容词、副词后加上er表示比较级加 上est表示最高 级
原级 比较级 最高级
1）small small small
er est?
??2? 以不发音的e结尾的，只加上r表示
比 较级，加上st表示最高级。
1) large large large
rst?3?? 以辅音字母+y 结尾的，把消去y,变成i,然后加 上er表示比较级；加上 est表示最高级。
原级 比较级 最高级
1）early early early
2) happy happy happy
ieriestieriest4????? 双写最后一个辅音字母，然后加上 er
表示比较级；加上est表示最高级。
原级 比较级 最高级
1） big big big
2) thin thin thin
3) wet wet wet
4) fat fat fat
5) hot hot hot
gergestnernesttertesttertesttertest 5 ? 双音节和多音节的形容词，副词，在这些形容词和副词前加上more表示比较级；加上most表示最高级。
原级 比较级 最高级
happily happily happily
heavily heavily heavily
6. 副词的比较级和最高级：
一般情况加more 和 most
slow+ ly= slowly--more slowly– most slowly
angry+ly= angrily---more angrily---most ~
moremost moremost6 不规则变化的靠背熟
原 级 比较级 最高级
1）good / well better the best
2) ill /bad/ badly worse the worst
3) little less the least
4) much /many more the most
5) far farther/further the farthest/furthest
6) old older /elder the oldest / eldest
very, quite, so, rather原级：
能修饰形容词和副词原级的有:例如:
English is very important.
It is rather cold today.
He is quite clever.
= He is quite a clever boy.表示原级的基本句型 1. as…as …A=B（程度相同）
She is as clever as he.
He runs as fast as Tom.
2. not as…as…
not so …as…
或 less…than…(多音节词)
表示A不如B
I’m not as tall as him.
= I am shorter than he.
He didn’t do his homework as carefully as Tom.
=He did his homework less carefully than Tom.
1. 比较级
a 表示两者之间的比较
b 关键词是than
c 有时不一定出现than
Are you feeling any better today?注意问题2. 可用much, many，any，even , far, a lot , still ,a little , a bit, 来修饰，表示程度。There are many more people in SZ now than 10 years ago比较级还可以用年龄、倍数等词组修饰。
The mountain is 3 times higher than that one.3. more 不能修饰比较级，只能构成比较级
English is more easier than Chinese.
English is much easier than Chinese.
4. 区分比较对象是否包含在范围内
Shanghai is bigger than any city in China.
Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.
Shanghai is bigger than any city in Guangdong. 5 . 比较对象的成分不能省.
The roads in Beijing are wider than those in Guangzhou.
The population of China is larger than that of America.r(1)可用“比较级形式+than any other +单数名词来表达最高级的意思.
He is taller than any other student in the school 。(2)可用the +比较级形式+of the two…来表达两者之间的比较。
He is the better of the two .(3)可用“比较级形式+and+比较级形式”来表达“越来越的意思， 表示本身程度的改变，
English is easier and easier.
Math is more and more difficult.(4) 可用“the +比较级,the +比较级”形式来表达越…就越…的意思。
The more you eat, the fatter you will be.3. 最高级
a 表示三者或者以上的比较
b 关键词 of all， in，of， among等
c 最高级前一定要加the
(1)可用“one of +the 最高级形式+名词复数表示“是最…… 之一者。
One of the most beautiful cities is Shanghai.(2)用the +形容词最高级形式+in / of …
Who is the tallest in the class?
Who is the tallest of the students ?(3)Which/Who +动词+最高级,A ，B or C?
Who jumps highest,Mike,John or Hill?(4)序数词+形容词最高级
(表示第几最……)Lily is the third tallest girl in her class.(5)可用原级，比较级，最高级三种方式表达。
Lily works the hardest of all the students in her class.
Lily works harder than any other student in her class.
Nobody else works harder than Lily in her class.修饰最高级的词
by far, far, much, mostly, almost, nearly
This hat is almost the most beautiful. 注意问题
形容词most前面没有the，意思是very “非常”
It is a most important problem.
= It is a very important problem.课件26张PPT。1. To our surprise, we find that he is a liar.
2. This building is twice as tall as that one.
3. The other students are on the playground.
4. What did he go to the hospital for?
5. He seems to have been to America.
6. Would you please show me how I should solve the problem?
7. The more you read, the better you will understand.
8. Shenzhen is famous throughout the world.
9. 10 minus 2 equals 8.
10. It’s just 20 minutes’ ride from my home to school.数词就是表示事物的数量和顺序的词,分基数词和序数词两种。
一、基数词
表示数量的多少的词是基数词，如：one, two, three等。数词:构成方法如下：
1、1-12分别由从one到twelve12个各不相同的词表示。
2、13-19均以后缀-teen结尾。
3、20-90的整十词均以后缀-ty结尾。
表示“几十几”时，个位和十位之间需加结字符，
如：twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-three.
4、表示具体、准确的数目时，hundred, thousand, million等词后不能加-s,
如：five hundred, six thousand, seven million 等。
5、当hundred, thousand等数词与of 连用，表示不具体、不准确的数目时，词尾须加-s。
如：thousands of students, millions of trees.
6.单位词和分节号及大数字读写单位词:
指作为数字的基本单位的数词，
常用的有hundred, thousand, million和 billion（十亿）,dozen
a few hundred students
several hundred students
hundreds of students英语中“万”、“十万” 和“千万”这类的数字单位词，
读作
ten thousand,
a hundred thousand
ten million
7. 分节号:
大数字（四位及四位以上的数字）在书写时，从个位往高位数，每三位数前加的逗号。
大数字的读写要以此为根据，可大大提高理解和表达的速度。
如：1, 000，000，000，
从前向后，各个分节号分别
读作billion, million和thousand。
二、序数词：
序数词表示人和事物的顺序，“第几”， 其构成方法如下：
1、不规则变化：
2.以-ty 结尾的表示“几十”的基数词，先把y变为i, 再加-eth,
如thirty—thirtieth,
ninety—ninetieth等。3. 表示“第几十几”时，十位数的“几十”仍用基数词，
只把个位部分变成序数词就行了。
如：thirty-one—thirty－first, forty-two—forty-second等。
4.除上述情况外，均在词尾加-th,
如：ten—tenth,
one hundred—one hundredth。
一、表示事物的编号
基数词放在名词的后边，该名词一般要大写；
序数字放在名词的前面，加定冠词。如：
Lesson 1/ the first lesson
Row 3/ the third row数词的用法:二、年、日、时刻的表达方法
1、“年”用基数词，“日”用序数词，前面要加定冠词。
读的顺序是月、日、年。
如：1999年5月2日读作：
May the second, nineteen ninety。2、“时刻”用基数词表达，同时要注意以下几点：
1）表示“整点”时，在基数词后加o’clock,
如：9 o’clock.
2)30分钟内: 分钟数+ past + 时钟数30分钟外: (60- 分钟数) +to+(时钟数+ 1)7:10ten past seven7:45 seven forty-five fifteen / a quarter to eight整三十分钟: half+ past+时钟数:7:30 half past seven三,数词的复数形式可以表示岁数或年代1.He is in his eighties.2.This story took place in the 1930s.四,表示时间,金钱,和距离等名词的复数
作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式.1.Five days is too long for me.2.Is ten miles too far for you?
3 Five hundred dollars is a lot of
money1.Two-thirds of the water is clean2.30% of the students are from the
north.3. More than one boy was late for
school this morning.五.分数,百分数和more than修饰名词
时,谓语动词与名词的数保持一致.
六、“基数词-名词-形容词”只能用在名词前作定语。如：
she is a 3-year-old girl.
注：这种结构中名词不能用复数，同时只能作定语，
用作表语时，不用连字符，名词用复数。如：
Jim is 10 years old this year.
Jim is a 10-year-old boy.7. 倍数表示倍数的句型
1. 同级比较句型（使用形容词或副词的原级）
倍数+as+adj./adv.+as
如：My flat is three times as large as his.2. 等级比较句型（使用形容词或副词的比较级）
倍数+比较级+than
My flat is three times larger than his.
3. 名词句型:
使用表示度量项目的名词size, depth, length, width等。
倍数+the+名词.+of
My flat is three times the size of his.
1.一个半苹果;
one and a half apples
one apple and a half
在某人二十几岁的时候,
in his twenties
在二十世纪70年代;
in the 1970s
两条裤子;
two pairs of trousers八 倍数表示法 a. 主语+谓语+倍数+ as + …+ as He is twice as heavy as you.
b.倍数+ the size (height /length/ width/ depth…) of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
地球是月球的49倍。 3) 主语·＋谓语＋倍数＋比较级＋than
This street is three times longer than that one.课件47张PPT。连词：
主要作用是连接单词与单词、短语与短语、句子与句子。主要可分为两类并列连词从属连词---用于引导从句: ---用于连接有并列关系的单词、短语、句子：and 和; or 或者；否则; but 但是; so 因此both…and…两者都;
either…or…或者…或者…;
neither…nor…既不…也不;
not only…but also…不但…而且;
while 然而;但是并列连词包括:and (和) both … and（和,两者都）
neither… nor（既不…也不…）
not only… but also(不但… 而且…)
as well as (和, 也, 除…外, 而且)
1.表示平行关系的连词：as well (也,而且,) 用于句末.1) and 与or 判断改错：
(错) They sat down and talk about something.
(对) They sat down and talked about something.
and 连接两个并列的谓语，所以 talk 应改为 talked。
(错) They started to dance and sang.
(对) They started to dance and sing.
and 连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，
因此sang 应改为 sing。
(错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.
(对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
比较and和or ? 1) 并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。 2) 有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点： There is no air or water in the moon.
There is no air and no water on the moon. 在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。 判断改错：
(错) We will die without air and water.
(对) We will die without air or water.
(错) We can’t live without air or water.
(对) We can't live without air and water.
2. as well as/ as well
他是一个科学家, 而且也是一个诗人.He is a scientist, and he is a poet as well.He is a scientist as well as a poet.他们也会来吗?Are they coming as well?2.表示转折关系的连词:but,
while (而, 虽然)
yet (可是)
however (然而) ,
1) but表示转折，while表示对比
I would like to come, but I will be very busy then.
Some people love dogs, while others hate them.
2). although… yet…，但although不与 but连用。
(错) Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work..
(对) Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work.
3.表示选择关系的连词or (或则,否则)
or else (否则)
otherwise (要不然)
either…or… (或者… 或者)
rather than (而不是) 表示选择的并列结构 ? 1) or 意思为“否则”。
I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.
2) either…or
意思为“或者……或者……”。
注意谓语动词采用就近原则。 Either you or I am right. 2) not…but…
意思为“不是……而是……”
和but 后面的名词保持一致。
Not you but I am wrong.
because
so
for
since
as
thus(因此)
therefore （因此）4.表示因果关系的连词2) so, therefore
He hurt his leg, therefore he couldn't play in the game.
状语从句1、用于引导条件状语从句：
if 如果, unless 除非…否则, 2、用于引导时间状语从句：
as soon as 一…就; when / while; before, after ; until/till 到…时候 ;
since 自从 3、用于引导原因、结果状语从句：
because 因为; since, as 由于;
so…that…, such…that ,
so that, in order that
5、用于引导比较状语从句:
as…as和…一样;
not so/as …as不如; than 比…更;
less…than比…更不; 4、用于引导让步状语从句：
though/ although 虽然…(但是);
even though即使;
no matter who 无论谁=whoever;
no matter what 无论什么= whatever;
no matter how 无论怎样;= however（1）so…that, such...that
so…that中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，
而such...that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：
I’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther.
It was such a warm day that he went swimming.2) 如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时，用so,不用such。
例如：
He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.
I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.
so, such常用句型：
so＋形容词／副词＋that从句
so＋形容词＋a／an＋单数可数名词＋that从句 so clever a boy
such a／an ＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋ that从句 such a clever boy
such＋形容词＋复数可数名词＋that从句 such beautiful flowers
such + 形容词+不可数名词+ that
such fine weather(2)在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：
1) 引导主语从句时。例如：
Whether he will come to the party is unknown.
2) 引导表语从句时。例如：
The question is whether I can pass the exam.
3) 在不定式前。例如：
I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.
(3) while, when, as
1 ) 当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。例如：
I saw my mother cooking dinner when I got home.
2) 当两个延续性动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。例如：
While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.
3) 当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。例如：
As time went by，my hometown changed a lot.
4）until=till
在肯定句中表示“直到……为止”，主句要用延续性动词；
在否定句中，表示“直到……才”，主句常用短暂性动词，这时till和until可用before替换
I waited until he arrived．
We won’t start until Bob comes．5) if, unless, when, as soon as
如果主句是一般将来时，情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。
I'll ring you up as soon as I get to America．You will fail unless you study hard．
＝You will fail if you don’t study hard．
除非你努力学习，否则你会失败。
(6) 区分when，if引导宾语从句和状语从
句的不同：
when引导时间状语从句意为“当…时候”，引导宾语从句意为“什么时候”；
if引导条件状语从句意为“如果”，
引导宾语从句意为“是否”。如：
1．—Mike wants to know if _____ a picnic tomorrow．
—Yes．But if it _____ ，we‘ll visit the museum instead．
A．you have；will rain
B．you will have；will rain
C．you will have；rains
D．will you have；rains
C2．—Do you know when he _____ back tomorrow？
—Sorry，I don't．When he _____ back， I'll tell you．
A．comes；comes
B．comes；will come
C．will come；comes
D．will come；will come
C(7) 时态:
时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时主句用一般将来时:
1. I won’t believe what he said until I ______(make) sure about it.
2. You won’t succeed unless you work harder.
If you go , _______（我也去）
3. Even if it ______(rain) tomorrow , the sports meet will take place on time. rainsmakeso will I8)同义句转换祈使句＋and＋简单句
＝if引导的肯定状语从句
祈使句＋or＋简单句
＝if引导的否定状语从句
unless…= if引导的否定状语从句
the＋比较级，the＋比较级的句式
＝if引导的状语从句
To+短语, +简单句
= if引导的状语从句
Believe in yourself , and you can do everything well.
= If you believe in yourself, you can do everything well.
Hurry up , or you will miss the train.
= If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the train.
You will be late for school unless you hurry up.
= You will be late for school if you don’t be quick.
The more careful you are ,the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
=If you are more careful, you’ll make fewer mistakes.
To lose weight, you have to eat less.
= If you want to lose weight, you have to eat less.
(9) 注意状语从句中从句的省略现象
（1）连接词 + 过去分词 Don’t come in until asked to.
Don’t come in until you are asked to. （2）连词 + 现在分词 Look out while crossing the street. Look out while you are crossing the street.
（3）连词 + 形容词/其他 常见的有if necessary= if it is necessary
if possible= if it is possible、
when necessary= when it is necessary、
if any= if there is any, if so= if it is so等。 用适当的连词填空 1. ______ they are brothers, they don’t look like each other at all.
2. The dress was very expensive, ______ I didn’t buy it.
3. ---Do you know ______ I could pass the exam?
---Sorry, I’ve no idea.
4. Mr. Brown knows little Japanese, ______ he can’t understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills.Although/Though soIf/whether so5. The war was over about a year ago, ______ the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with.
6. ---Is David at school today?
---No. He is at home _______ he has a bad cold.
7. _____ Lily _____ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.
but becauseEither or8. Study hard, _____ you are sure to have a good result in the exam.
9. Please have a wash _______ you go to bed.
10. The twins have learned a lot ______ they came to China. and before since【实例解析】
1. (2004年吉林省中考试题)
---I like riding fast. It’s very exciting.
---Oh! You mustn’t do it like that, ________ it may have an accident.
A. and B. or C. so D. but
答案：B。该题考查的是并列连词的用法。答语的意思是“你不要那样做，否则会发生事故的。”在这四个并列连词中，只有or含有这样的意思，所以应选B。
2. (2004年天津市中考试题)
John fell asleep ________ he was listening to the music.
A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as
答案：C。该题考查的是引导时间状语从句的常用从属连词的用法。本句的含义是“约翰在听音乐的时候睡着了。”表示在干某事时发生了某个事情” 通常用while。因此应选C。
1. ---Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008?
---I don’t think so. Now ______ the young ______ the old can speak some English.
A. either…or B. not only… but also
C. neither…nor D. both…or
2. We didn’t catch the train _______ we left late.
A. so B. because C. but D. though
3. Tom failed in the exam again _______ he wanted to pass it very much.
A. if B. so C. though D. as
4. I won’t believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words ______ I have tested him myself.
A. after B. when C. if D. until
5. The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours ______ he realized it.
A. when B. until C. after D. before
6. ---This dress was last year’s style.
---I think it still looks perfect ______ it has gone out this year.
A. so that B. even though C. as if D. ever since7. Hurry up, _______ you will miss the train.
A. and B. so C. however D. or
8. The mountain was ______ steep _____ few people in our city reached the top.
A. so…as B. so…that C. as…as D. too…to
9. ---Do you remember our pleasant journey to Xi’an?
---Of course. I remember everything ______ it happened yesterday.
A. as soon as B. even though
C. rather than D. as if
10. ______ you can’t answer this question, we have to ask someone else for help.
A. Although B. While C. Whether D. Since
