Unit 1 Great Scientists

课件34张PPT。Unit 1 Great ScientistsDo you know?Who discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?
Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?ArchimedesCharles DarwinWho invented the first steam engine?
Thomas NewcomenWho used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed form parents to their children?
Gregor MendelWho discovered radium?
Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?
Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?
Maries CurieThomas EdisonLeonardo da VinciWho invented a lamp to keep miner safe underground?Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?Who put forward a theory about black holes?Sir Humphrey DavyZhang HengStephen HawkingDo you know? 发明蒸汽机的并不是瓦特，他是改进纽可门的蒸气机并发明出双动作，使世界进入“蒸气时代”的，使他成为第一次工业革命中的名气最大的发明家。1865年，修士孟德尔在一个会议上报告了他通过长达八年的实验研究和他所统计的多达两万一千多件样本的实验结果，利用豌豆实验发现了植物的遗传规律，但是孟道尔的理论超出了当时人们能够接受的水平。35年后，三国科学家几乎是同时发现了植物遗传的规律。而当他们准备发表论文，去查阅文献时，又不约而同地发现，早在35年前孟德尔就发现这样的规律了。他们三个人在发表论文时，都提到了孟德尔的文章，称自己的工作是证实了孟德尔的定律。这就是生物学史上的有名的“孟德尔定律的再发现”。英国化学家、诗人汉弗莱·戴维。1778年出生。他小时聪明、淘气，不喜欢读书，喜欢玩乐。他不到20岁时，父亲去世。为了养家糊口，他到当地一位医生那当学徒，从此接触并喜欢上化学，因为觉得自己知识浅薄，他就自订计划发奋用功，凭着他的天资和勤奋，很快掌握了七种语言和不少科学知识，并最终成为了英国皇家学会的主席。1798年戴维的名声随着他对笑气的发现而传遍了整个英国。他还带病专门研究火焰，发明了矿用安全灯（1816），这种灯一直到今天仍叫戴维灯，曾挽救了成千上万名矿工的生命。Do you know what did this map was used for in 1854?Finding out the cause of Cholera.Who defeats “King Cholera“?
What happened in 1854?
How many people died in 10 days?
Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street?
John SnowCholera outbreak hit London.500These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.Task 1:Skim and ScanTask 2: Read and answer1 Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first?
2 Which theory did John Snow believe in?
3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by ________.
A. gathering information with the help of a map
B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street
C. Separating those who suffered cholera from those who didn’t
D. Both A and B
4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do?1 Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first?
2 Which theory did John Snow believe in?
Neither its cause, not its cure was understood.People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by ________.
A. gathering information with the help of a map
B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street
C. separating those who suffered cholera from those who didn’t
D. both A and B4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do?
Suggested that the source of all water supplies be examine.
Suggested that new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.
Instructed the water companies not to expose people to the polluted water anymore.Mind Map of the textJohn Snow Defeats “King Cholera”Paragraph 1: Introduction of John Snow and Cholera
Paragraph 2: Two theory
Find a Problem: What cause the cholera?Make a question: Which is right?Paragraph 3-5: Study of the breakout in 1854 Paragraph 3: Study of the breakout in 1854
Think of a method: Test two theory
Collect the result: Mark the death
Analyse the result: Reason for death and no deathParagraph 4: Study of the breakout in 1854
Paragraph 5: Study of the breakout in 1854
Analyse the result: Find the resource of the water Repeat if necessary: Find more evidence.
Draw a conclusion: Cholera was spread by germ
Polluted water carried choleraParagraph 6: Prevention of Cholera
John Snow defeat King CholeraRead the passage again and fill in the blanks:
John Snow was a well-known ____ in London in the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ____ out, he began to gather information. He _____ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _____ of all water supply be _______ and new methods of ________ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourceexamineddealingExpressiondraw a conclusion蒸汽机
提出理论
得出结论
分析结果
暴露……
对….产生兴趣analyse resultsget interested in ….expose ….to steam engineput forward a theoryExpression7. 另外
8. 把…..与…..连接
9. 吸收…….
阻止…..发生
11. 处理…..
12. 与…..相似in addition ( to )
link……toabsorb ….into
prevent ….from happeningdeal withbe similar to词汇语法讲解：Put
Attend
ease:
Severe
every time
Blame
过去分词做定语
Expose
Absorb
suggest
耽误
建立
忍受
写下来
穿上
放回Eg. He put forward a new plan.
May I put your name forward as chairman?Put forward: 推荐（提名）； 提出……put off
put up
put up with
put down
put on
put backYour can’t take anything from the shelf and read, but please the books when you have (2004)
finished with them.
A. put on
B. put down
C. put off
D. put backattend v.1. 出席 ,到场
attend a wedding / meeting / lecture2. 照看,料理 (take care of )
The doctor attended the sick.
attendant: 服务员3. 关注 (pay attention to) :
We will attend to that problem later.ease: vt 减轻( 痛苦, 负担)
ease: vi. 缓和( 常与 off , up 连用)
The doctor gave him some medicine
to ease the pain.The relationship between the two
classes has easen.It’s time for your father to ease up on his work.severe = serious 严厉的 严重的I think you are too severe on the boy.
be severe with = be strict with
He is very severe with himself.So many thousands of terrified people died
every time there was an outbreak.every time 为连词，引导时间状语从句.
.
同类: the moment, the first time,
each time, immediatelyEg. I began to like him the first time I met him.
Eg. Every time I catch a cold, I have a bad cough.It seemed the water was to blame.be to blame 为固定短语“ ….应受谴责”
I am to blame.blame: v. blame sb for sth / blame sth on sb eg.she was blamed for the mistake.blame n. 过失, 埋怨, 责备
The driver took the blame for the accident.1.孩子们不应受到谴责..2.是我不好The children were not to blame.When he thought about helping
ordinary people exposed to cholera,…
(who are)过去分词做定语
The disc, in the studio, sounded fantastic
at the party that night.
A.recorded B.recording
C.to be recorded D.having recorded
eg. The book ( which is ) written by Luxun is
very popular.expose vt.暴露; 揭发
(expose…..to…..)
absorb…..( into) 吸收,吞并; 承担The big company absorbed many companies
into its organization.
We can’t absorb these charges.He exposed his skin to the sun.
The crime of the officials must be exposed.
suggest :提议,建议; 暗示,表明
suggest doing sth
suggest(提议,建议) + 从句时, 其后要用虚拧语气. (should + 动词原型)
The first suggested that the cholera
multiplied in the air without reason.Eg. I suggested that we (should) travel by train.
----How do you suppose Jim Beijing for our holidays?
---- I think he ‘d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable. (2004)
will go to B. goes to
C. Shall go to D. go toIn addition, he found two other deaths in
another parts of London that were
linked to broad Street outbreak.link……to……把……与……连接, 联系
Fingerprints linked the man to the crime.in addition ( to ): 另外 as well as…..Eg. In addition, the course also provided
practical experience.
We saw a Mickey Mouse cartoon
in addition to the movie.Homework:1. Read the whole passage and retell.
2. Go to the net to get more information about UK.