课件67张PPT。-ing form—used as an adjective
or adverbGrammar and usagesleeping students
a boring lesson
a smiling face一、The -ing form — used as Attribute
（-ing形式作定语）boiling waterflying kites a dancing girlthe rising sun(1) a swimming man(2) a swimming pool(2) a walking stick(1) a walking man =a man who is walking = a stick for walkingWhat’s the difference between (1) and (2)?小 结 1 -ing形式作定语既可表示动作正在进行（如例（1）），此时相当于一个定语从句；又可表示所修饰名词的性质或用途（如例（2））。a running manThe man running in
the picture is Liu Xiang. attributeThe man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.相当于：Rewrite the following sentences with attributive clauses.
The teacher teaching us English is Ms Zhou.
=The teacher who is teaching us English is Ms Zhou.The people sitting behind us are all teachers.The expert coming from Lishui is a lady
called Ms Cai.=The people who are sitting behind us are all teachers.=The expert who comes from Lishui is a lady called Ms Cai.单个的-ing形式作定语，放在所修饰的名词前面；-ing短语作定语则放在所修饰的名词之后。小 结 2Translate the following phrases.a reading rooma washing machinean exciting eveningan interesting crosstalk阅览室洗衣机激动人心的夜晚有趣的相声a sleeping cara smoking room listening practice an opening speecha booking officerunning water卧铺车吸烟室听力练习开幕词售票处自来水I heard the girl singing in the classroom.I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.2.The -ing form — used as Object Complement（-ing形式作宾语补足语）The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.We have the fire burning all day.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。小 结 3 能跟-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词有：“五让、三看、两听、一注意、一发现、一感觉”。简单又好记！ make, let, have, keep, leave, look at, see, watch, hear, listen to, notice, find, feel 等。怎么记？1. Our trip was disappointing. We did not find any unusual plants.
2. The programme for the weekend
looks exciting. I am looking forward
to it.3.The -ing form — used as predicative
(-ing形式作表语)4. The news was shocking. All the three boats had sunk in the storm.
5. The report from Cook was encouraging. The captain decided to attack the following night.
6. It was astonishing to see the animals and plants that are found nowhere else in the world.1. Sixty million people _____ (live) in rural areas are moving to the cities every year.
2. The bottle _________ (contain) the poison was sent to the laboratory. PracticelivingcontainingFill in the blanks with the verb given in its proper form.3. The man _____ (sit) on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
4. Who is tha girl _______ (walk) along the river?
5. The children _________ (practise) playing the violin over there will give a performance next week.sittingwalkingpractising6. The man with sun-glasses ________ (stand) near a car is a detective.
7. The old lady ______ (talk) to the children is a famous musician.
8. The person _________ (translate) the songs can speak seven languages.standingtalkingtranslating9. I saw them ______(force) the door open with a hammer.
10. We heard them _________ (quarrel) about money after the concert; they looked very angry.
11. I heard him ________ (drop) lots of coins into the collecting tin.
forcingquarrelingdropping12. You can see them __________ (perform) every night this week at the New Theatre.
13. I could hear them __________ (whisper) to each other during the first part of the play.
14. We watched the army _______ (march) down the street towards the park.performingwhisperingmarching15. I saw the people _______ (enter) the
theatre, and there were 286 of them.
16. We watched three old men _______
(share) their food with each other.
17. We watched the children ______
(dive) into the water from the top
diving board.
18. I noticed you _______ the performers
with the ticket sales. That was kind
of you. enteringsharingdivinghelpingHaving worked side by side with many environmentalists, I know that a healthy environment and stable economy should be possible at the same time. A verb-ing has perfect form, e.g.,
having worked1. She gave her opinion about the new building. Then she left the meeting.
Having given her opinion about the new building, she left the meeting.
2. She made one last effort to see her husband. Then she returned home.
Having made one last effort to see her husband, she returned home.Rewrite the following sentences.3. I admired her writing for many years. Then I finally met her.
Having admired her writing for many years, I finally met her.
4. I was interested in the Koories for many years. Then I decided to learn their language.
Having been interested in the Koories for many years, I decided to learn their language.A. This is a letter to the editor of a newspaper. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct forms using the grammar rules you have learnt. Dear Sir/ Madam,
I am delighted by your newspaper’s decision to start a campaign for protecting the environment. I am gladthat you have asked readers to write in with their suggestions. The state of our parks is very (1) ________ (shock), with rubbish everywhere. I used to find a trip to the park very (2) _______ (relax). Now I just find it (3) _____ (tire) because I have to pick up the rubbish where I shockingrelaxingtiringam going to sit. The grass is covered in plastic bags and food, and I am sad that the young people of today do not clean up after themselves when they have been to the park. It is (4) ____________ (disappoint) that none of the schools ask their students to do park clean-ups as part of their Science class. Perhaps theydisappointingcould start doing this. There are so many (5) __________ (interest) animals and insects (6) _____ (live) in our parks. It would be a shame if they were destroyed because of people’s activities in the park.
Yours,
Wang QianginterestinglivingB. Read this new report and fill in the blanks with words from the box below.following sleeping pleasing exciting
walking moving falling keeping(1) _______ News for Animal Lovers! Two people were arrested yesterday at a Paris airport for bringing animals intoExciting Europe from South America illegally. One of the customs officers was watching the arrivals very closely. He could see a woman (2) _______ in front of a group. Then he saw feathers (3) ______ from under her coat. Having seen this, the customs officer asked the woman to comewalkingfallingover to his desk. He was surprised to find ten birds inside her coat. There was a short fat gentleman (4) ________ her. Another customs officer called him over when it seemed he had a (5) _______ stomach. On taking off his jacket, a (6) _______ tortoise was found on hisfollowingmovingsleepingstomach. Apparently he had traveled on the plane like this, (7) _______ the tortoise hidden in a blanket. Such arrests are very (8) _______ for Paris officers.
keepingpleasing二、-ing形式作状语-ing短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等情况。-ing短语作状语一般表示一个次要的动作， 一般都可以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。1. 作时间状语
-ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。如：
Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.
=When they heard the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。Having received his letter, I decided to write back. =After I had received his letter, I decided to write back. 收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。
2. 作原因状语
-ing短语作原因状语置于句首。如：
Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.=Because he was so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. 因为太生气了，他不能入睡。
Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. =Because (As) he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. 因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。3. 作条件状语
-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：
Working hard, you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。
Being given more attention, the trees could have grown better.=If they had been given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果对这些树再多注意些，它们可能长得更好。
4. 作让步状语
-ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或 句末，常与even if, though 连用。如：Though working from morning till night, his father didn’t get enough food.
=Although his father worked from morning till night, he didn’t get enough food.
虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。 5. 作伴随状语
置于句首或句末。如：
They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. =They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom. 他们又唱又笑地走进教室。When working in the factory, he was
an advanced worker.
=When he worked in the factory, he
was an advanced worker.注意：
1. -ing短语与when, while, though, until, if等连词连用时，相当于这些连引导的一个从句。如：Though willing to attend the party, he
refused the invitation.
=Though he was willing to attend the
party, he refused the invitation.
While staying in Beijing, he came to see
me twice.
=While he was staying in Beijing, he
came to see me twice.If playing all day, you will waste
your valuable time.
=If you play all day, you will waste
your valuable time.
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
=Though it was raining heavily, it
cleared up very soon.2. 动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如：
He traveled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket.
= When he traveled on the plane like this, he kept the tortoise hidden in a blanket.1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face.
b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.
2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it.
b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it.Choose the correct sentence.3. a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful.
b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden.
4. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking.
b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.5. a. Being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.
b. It being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.-ing形式的否定式为在其前面加not。
如：
He sat there, not knowing what to say.1. Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus ____ the delay. A. to cause B. causing C. caused D. cause
2. One by one Peter sold his bits and pieces, ____ only a mite of their worth. A. getting B. got C. to get D. getExercise3. After seeing the movie, _____. A. the book was read by him B. the book made him want to read it C. he wanted to read the book D. the reading of the book interested
him4. The next morning she found the man in bed, _____ dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
5. There was terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following
C. to be followed D. being followed6. The secretary worked late into the night, ____ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing
C. prepared D. was preparing7. “Can’t you read?” Mary said____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing8. He worked day and night, ____ his task ahead of time. A. finished B. finishing C. finish D. to finish
9. I was in the bathroom, not ___ the knock at the door.
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard10. ___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
11. What worried the boy most was ___ to visit his father in the hospital. A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. having not been allowed D. his being not allowed12. They apologized for ____ to attend the meeting. A. their not being able B. their being not able C. them not able D. them being able notRead this conversation and change the highlighted sentences into verb-ing clauses. James Long: Well, (1) after listening carefully to you two, I am surprised that you agree with each other.Having listened carefully to you two, I am surprised that you agree with each other.Qian Liwei: (2) When I look back, I find I didn’t like some of the questions the audience asked though. It was as if people were not listening.
Lin Shuiqing: I think the audience was interested in what you said. I liked it when you told thatLooking back, I find I didn’t like some of the questions the audience asked though. joke. I heard the audience laughing. I think they really liked you after that. (3)When I heard what you said about the environment and the economy needing to work together more, I was very impressed.
Hearing what you said about the environment and the economy needing to work together more, I was very impressed. Read this conversation and change the highlighted sentences into verb-ing clauses.Qian Liwei: I certainly think we need to use all our resources in the best possible way. After that, they are limited. We also need to clean up the mess we made in the past. I like the idea of taxing factories that pollute although getting them to agree would be difficult.
Lin Shuiqing: Also, you are right about many business people trying to protect the environment and build the economy at the same time. (4) You made that statement forcefully. As a result, you impressed the audience. They clapped so hard.
Qian Liwei: Environmentalists have been seen as heroes whileHaving made that statement forcefully, you impressed the audience. economists have been seen as bad boys. That impression needs to be changed and (5) after I talked to you today, I think we should work on some projects together.
Lin Shuiqing: Good idea.Having talked to you today, I think we should work on some projects together.Thank you课件57张PPT。Project Protecting the Yangtze
RiverCompetitionLet’s divide the class into four groups. Then try your best to tell about the Yangtze River as much as possible. The group which has more ideas will be the winner.GROUP A: GROUP B:
GROUP C: GROUP D:How long is The Yangtze River? Please give the names of the three longest rivers in the world. Where is the source of the river? How many provinces does it run across? It runs across nine provinces.It is 6,300 kilometers long.The Nile in Africa, the Amazon in South America and the Yangtze River in China. It flows from the western China into the East China Sea.Qutang GorgeXiling GorgeWu GorgeWhat are the three gorges? Would you say something about them? Three Gorges DamThree Gorge
DamThree Gorges
DamWhere is the Three Gorges Dam? How long is the Three Gorges Dam? How high is the Three Gorges Dam? Do you know anything more about the Three Gorges Dam? WuhanNanjingJianyingPlease give the names of the bridges over the river as many as you can. WushanXilingChongqingWuhuAnqingJiujiangPlease give the names of the rare fishes in the river as many as you can. ChongqingBaidiJiujiangWuhanNanjingShanghaiYichangZhengjiangYangzhouPlease give the names of famous cities along the river as many as you can. The river is now facing serious problems．Unsafe drinking water has led to healthy problems for people living near the river.
It has had harmful effects on the ecology of the area, killing many plants and animals.
The hunting of animals has endangered the wild animal population.Project Writing a reportThe Yangtze River flows 6,300 kilometers from western China into the East China Sea. It runs across nine provinces and is China’s most important freshwater river. Do you know what is being done to protect this river?
A. Read the following report on what China is doing to protect the Yangtze River before you move to writing your report.As the third longest river in the world, it is clear to see why the environmental problems of the Yangtze River have raised concern both nationally and internationally. Rapid agricultural and industrial development plus huge population growth has meant that not only is the amount of water taken from Protecting the Yangtze Riverthe river rising, but the waste being put back into the river has also been increasing. In 2000, it was reported that 23.4 billion tons of untreated human and industrial sewage was deposited into the river. This is not good news for the people who live in all the towns and cities along the Yangtze River and who rely on it for water. Nor is it good news for the fish and wildlife that live in or along the river. The pollution of the river has resulted in unsafe drinking water which has led to healthy problems for people living near the river. It has also had harmful effects on the ecology of the area, killing many plants and animals.Thankfully, many people have recognized the importance of protecting the Yangtze River and environmental organizations and projects have been set up to deal with the problem. The Green River organization is a non-governmentalorganization that educates and advises people on the importance of protecting this great river. The organization also watches the river and stops the illegal hunting of animals which had been a major problem and which has endangered the wild animal population.Two special government projects are also under way to protect the river. The projects focus on problems along the crops on the Yangtze River such as water conversation. Experts have assessed the river and are now trying to work out possible solutions to the many problems. The water and soil preservation project was set up in 1989. This project resulted in farmers replacing the crops on their farmland with trees or grassland. It has already been a success because it has helped improve the local environment and the land around the river.The Yangtze River is home to a diverse range of fish and animals including the white-flag dolphin, a rare Chinese mammal which depends on the Yangtze River for survival. The second environmental project includes a nature reverse for white-flag dolphins, one of the most endangered animals in the world. The number of white-flag dolphins in China has dropped because of environmental problems and pollution in the Yangtze River. Less than 100 white-flag dolphins remain in the Yangtze River. The reserve was set up on the lower reaches of the river in Zhenjiang. Boats are prohibited from entering this area in order to keep the dolphins safe.We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems concerning the Yangtze River. However, the good news is that people have finally realized that it is their responsibility to protect this great river. Because of this, the environmental situation of the Yangtze River is slowly improving. We believe that the efforts of the Chinese government and the Chinese people to protect this much-loved river will be appreciated for years to come by future generations.1. Why do the environmental problems of the Yangtze River draw people’s attention at home and abroad?
Because it is the third longest river in the world and home to a diverse range of fish and animals while many people depend on it for drinking water.Answer the following questions.2. What has caused the pollution of the Yangtze River?
Rapid agricultural and industrial development plus huge population growth has resulted in the rising amount of water taken from the river, and the waste being put back into the river.3. What bad effects has it had on the ecology of the area?
Unsafe drinking water has led to healthy problems for people living near the river, killing many plants and animals.4. What has been done to deal with the problem?
Environmental organizations and projects have been set up to deal with the problem.5. What has The Green River Organization done?
It educates and advises people on the importance of protecting this great river. It watches the river. It stops the illegal hunting of animals.6. What has the government done to deal with water and soil preservation?
Two special government projects are also under way to protect the river, which work out possible solutions to the many problems, such as the water and soil preservation. result in farmers replacing the crops on their farmland with trees or grassland, and set up a nature reverse for white-flag dolphins.
7. What has the government done to save white-flag dolphins?
The reserve was set up on the lower reaches of the river in Zhenjiang. Boats are prohibited from entering this area in order to keep the dolphins safe.8. What is the good news for the river?
People have finally realized that it is their responsibility to protect this great river.unsafe drinking water which has led to healthy problems for people living near the river; harmful effects on the ecology of the area, killing many plants and animals; endangered the wild animal population.Protecting the Yangtze RiverRapid agricultural and industrial development plus huge population growth has meant that not only is the amount of water taken from the river rising, but the waste being put back into the river has also been increasing.set up environmental organizations and projects to deal with the problem The Green River organization educates and advises people on the importance of protecting this great river, watches the river and stops the illegal hunting of animals. government projects work out possible solutions to the many problems, such as the water and soil preservation; farmers replace the crops on their farmland with trees or grassland; a nature reverse was set up for white-flag dolphins1. …the environmental problems of the Yangtze River have raised concern both nationally and internationally.
raise本意为“举起；使……升起；使……站立；扶起”。如：
He raised his left hand. 他把右手举起来。 She raised the fallen child. 她把跌倒的孩子扶起来。Language pointsraise在此处意为“引起; 造成”。如：
His absence raised fears about his safety.他的缺席引起人们对他安全的担心。 The use of animals in scientific tests raises some difficult ethical problems. 用动物做科学试验引起了一些棘手的道德问题。 A funny remark raises a laugh. 滑稽的话惹人发笑。2. Nor is it good news for the fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.
nor常与neither, not, no, never 等表示否定意义的词连用，意为“也不”。如：
It is neither hot nor cold in winter here.这里日的冬天不冷不热。 He does not do it, nor does he try. 他没有做, 也没尝试一下。She can’t get there at four, nor can I. 她不能在四点钟到那里, 我也不能。
Not a man nor a child was to be seen in the village. 在村子里, 无论大人小孩一个也看不见。
I never saw him again, nor did I hear from him. 我再也没有见到他, 也没有收到过他的信。3. Rapid agricultural and industrial development plus huge population growth has meant …
plus 加, 加上, 和 如：
Three plus two equals five. 三加二等于五。 This work requires intelligence plus experience. 这项工作需要才智和经验。I found myself plus nearly 100 yuan. 我多得了近一百元。 All the children here are 12 plus. 这里所有的孩子都大于十二岁。
4. Thankfully, many people have recognized the importance of protecting…
recognize 认出,认清,认识到 如：
I recognized Peter although I hadn’t seen him for 10 years. 虽然我有10年没看到彼得了,但我还是认出了他。 I don’t recognize this word — what does it mean? 我不认识这个单词,它是什么意思啊？Many fail to recognize that all these things are in danger of being denied. 许多人没有看到这一切正处于失去的危险之中。5. …which has endangered the wild animal population.
endanger 使……陷于危险，使……危险，危及, 危害 如：
The polluted air in the city is badly endangering the health of the residents. 城里被污染的空气正严重地危及居民的健康。Smoking endangers your health. 吸烟危害健康。 The giant panda is an endangered species.大熊猫是面临绝种危险的动物。
6. Two special government projects are also under way to protect the river.
under way 已经开始并进行着。如：
The project is now well under way. 这一项目现正顺利进行。7. The projects focus on problems along the Yangtze River…
focus on 使集中于焦点; 集中
to focus one’s mind on work 集中精力于工作 You must try to focus your mind on work and study. (喻) 你应该努力把思想集中在工作和学习上。All eyes were focused on the speaker. (喻)大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。8. The Yangtze River is home to a diverse range of fish and animals…
range 范围，变化，区域；（变化，差异的）幅度，差距。如：
He has a wide range of interests. 他兴趣广泛。 the whole range of history 整个历史 outside the range of human knowledge 在人类知识范围之外the range of the nightingale
夜莺的生长区
the annual range of temperature
每年的温度变化范围
a wide range of knowledge
广博的知识
the range of one’s voice 音域相关短语：
beyond the range of … 超过……的范围 within the range of … 在……范围之内
It is beyond the range of my ability. 这件事超出了我的能力范围。 The work is within the range of our responsibilities. 这工作不在我们的责任范围之内。9. Boats are prohibited from entering the Yangtze River.
prohibit (以法律、规则等公开) 禁止。如：
Fishing in this pond is prohibited. 禁止在此池溏钓鱼。 Smoking prohibited 《告示》禁止吸烟prohibit … from doing 或prohibit…’s doing （事情）禁止（人）……，阻止，妨碍。如：
His poor health prohibited him from continuing the work. =His poor health prohibited his continuing the work. 体弱多病使他无法继续工作。Planning
Work in small groups. Discuss what you read on the previous page, briefly discuss the questions below and then decide on a topic for your report. Have it approved by your teacher.B. Write a report about other things China is doing to protect the environment. Below are some steps for you to follow.What do you think are the biggest environmental problem in China?
What is the Chinese government doing to protect the environment?
The topic for our report will be _____________________________.Discuss the tasks listed below and decide which group members will be responsible for each task. Write the names beside the work each member is going to do. ( Remember, two or three people can work on the same task!
Research _______________________
Write the outline _________________
Write the report ________________Preparing
Members responsible for doing research need to find information from various sources on the topic you have chosen. The group should discuss the information found, and decide what to include in the report and what to leave out.
Those responsible for writing the outline should organize the information the group has decided to use and write an outline for the report using that information. The outline should be approved by the whole group.Producing
All group members should edit the report before it is passed on to another group for editing. Your group will be editing another group’s report at the same time.While editing, you should read the report closely and look for the following:
sentence structure organization punctuation vocabulary grammar spelling
During the editing stage, correct any mistakes you find and offer suggestions to the group on how they can improve their report. Ask for comments on your report as well.Presenting
The report should be rewritten and checked once more for mistakes.
Present your report to the class.
Put your report up on the display wall of your classroom for everyone to see.Thank you课件97张PPT。ReadingAlmost 800 million
People in the world do not have enough to eat. Lead-in污染后果图酸雨腐蚀后的森林美国密歇根州铜矿及工厂产生的尾料将湖水染红淮河上游被化工厂排出物污染海洋赤潮国内的水体污染污水处理厂工厂废气直接排空蓝蓝的天空废气飘城市汽车尾气典型的城市垃圾待回收的纸山林大火对环境的污染沙尘暴该我们做出慎重思考的时候了注意：“地球”只有一个，一旦删除，无法挽回，确定要删除“地球”吗？！The economy or the environment—
must we choose? If you want to know more information on the problem, please read the text.The economy or the environment—
must we choose?Read the following debate quickly and answer the questions.1. What side does Mr Lin Shuiqing and Mr Qian Liwei each represent?
Mr lin represents the society for Environment Preservation while Mr Qian an economist.Reading 2. By how many times has the world’s population increased since 1800?
More than six times.
3. According to Mr Qian Liwei, What should be done to factories that pollute the environment?
Those factories should have to pay higher taxes.1. What society does Lin Shuiqing belong to?
Lin Shuiquing belongs to the society of Environment Preservation.C1 How well did you understand the details of the debate? Read the debate again and answer the following questions.2. What does Lin Shuiqing start his speech by talking about?
The way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste.
3. What is happening to large amounts of fish?
Large amounts of fish are being caught and they have no time to lay eggs.4. What does Lin Shuiqing think we should teach people about?
We should teach people about
environmentally friendly ways of
living.
5. Why does Qian Liwei think production should not be cut back?
Because it means that jobs will be lost and that people are more important than fish and trees.
6. What does Qian Liwei say we should produce more?
More things from recycled materials.7. What does Qian Liwei say we need more of?
More effective laws to preserve the environment, which still allow the economy to grow.
8. What does Qian Liwei say many people are willing to do?
Many people are willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.Read the debate and complete the following.Cut back on production because industry produces waste, pollutes the environment.A healthy environment and a stable economy should be possible at the same time.More people need more land to live on and more food to eat.People are more important than fish and trees.Produce more things from recycling materials.Expend our recycling industry.① Cut back on production,
② recycle rubbish,
③ teach people about environ-
mentally friendly ways of living① recycle rubbish,
② effective laws, ③ control how many trees are cut down and how many fish boats can catch ④ heavy taxes on the factories producing pollution.C2. Put the subjects each speaker talks about in the correct order.Liu Shuiqing6
1
4
3
2
5Qian Liwei5
3
1
2
4D. Look at these words from the debate and match them with their meanings.1. voice
2. awful
3. wiped out
4. approaching a. terrible, shocking
b. coming near to, getting close to
c. tell, express
d. killed off
5. cut back on
6. beneficial
7. obvious
8. stablee. helpful, useful, favourable
f. constant, steady
g. reduce, make less
h. easy to see or understand, clear, apparent
Reading strategy: reading a debateIn a debate, one side gets the oppor-
tunity to present their points first. The other side follows and presents theirs. In an actual debate, there is often a discussion after both sides have presented their views. Speakers in a debate will represent opposite views on the subject being discussed. You mayfind that you agree with some points made by one debater, and some points made by the other. This is fine. In fact, most people find themselves ‘in the middle’ on many difficult issues. While reading or listening to a debate, remember that each speaker’s speech is meant to convince you. If thespeakers are good debaters, you will find yourself agreeing with both of them. Just keep in mind that you should not make a final decision until you have read or listened to both sides completely and understood all of the arguments made by each side.E. Fill in the blanks with words from the box.industry population waste economy responsibility reduce recycled Earth pollution environmentMy aim in life is to save the (1) ___________ for future generations. I want to become an environmentalist after I finish school. environmentToo many people think that (2) ________ cannot be stopped if we want the (3) _______ to continue developing. But that is ridiculous. We can (4) ______ dangerous and dirty(5) ______ from factories if we are smart about what we buy. pollutionindustryreducewasteI want to teach people to buy (6) _______ products. The production of recycled things is much better for the environment, because it means we do not need to cut down more trees and cause the destruction of more forests. recycledThe (7) ________ will still grow, but Earth will not have to suffer. We should also pay attention to what we eat. People should take (8) ____________ for not buying certain kinds of fish, because there are not many left in the ocean. economyresponsibilityWe also have a problem with (9) __________. The number of people in the world keeps growing, and we are producing more rubbish, What if we run out of space? If we all work together, we can solve these problems and keep (10) _____ clean and healthy.populationEarthDiscussionDiscuss these questions with a partner. Use the following conversation as an example.My dad says he doesn’t mind a little bit of pollution, as long as it means people have jobs. Personally, I agree. What do you think?I don’t think it has to be a choice. We should be able to have a clean environment and lots of jobs.But do you really think that is possible?Yea, I do. If companies are careful, they can provide jobs and reduce their pollution. Don’t you think that is the best solution?1. Where have you seen pollution? How did it make you feel?
2. What do you think is the biggest danger to our environment today?
3. What can you do to help clean up the environment?Language pointsRead the text again and pay attention to the language points in it.TV presenter: James Long
Speakers: Lin Shuiqing, an environ-
mentalist
Qian Liwei, an economistThe economy or the environment – must we choose?James Long: Good morning. Today’s debate question is ‘ The economy or the environment – must we choose?’ With me is Mr. Lin Shuiqing, from the Society for Environmental Preservation, and Mr Qian Liwei, an economist. We are following our usual schedule for debates. Mr. Lin Shuiqing will speak first for three minutes. Mr. Qian Liwei will follow, also for three minutes. Then we will open the floor for discussion. If you have any questions or comments, you can use this time to voice them.1. open the floor for discussionthe floor意为“发言权”。又如：
After they had each said a few words, Professor White took the floor. 他们各自说了几句话后，怀特教授开始发言。
The President then took the floor and answered the journalists’ questions. 总统随后讲话并回答了记者的提问。2. to voicevoice (v.) 表达,吐露
Yesterday morning in the city in the USA, a crowd of dustmen went on strike to voice complaint about their low pay. 昨天上午在美国一个城市,大批清洁工举行罢工,以表达他们对工资的不满。
I dared not voice my dissatisfaction.
我不敢表达我的不满。Lin Shuiqing：
Good morning, everyone. I am talking to you today about the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste. Many places have been destroyed and many plants and animals have died. This is awful. Factories produce large amounts of poisonous chemicals. Thewaste they create goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick. Other types of waste flow into our water. Pollution is so bad that many rivers are full of chemicals which flow into the sea and kill sea creatures.In addition, many sea creatures are being wiped out by fishing boats. These boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs. This will have a lasting effect upon the number of fish left for us to eat.1. waste
waste在此处为名词，意为“废物，残物”。如：
Industrial waste must be prevented from polluting our rivers.
千万不能让工厂的废物污染我们的河流。
Where do you put the kitchen waste?
你把厨房的丢弃物扔哪儿了？此外，waste还可以用作动词，意为“浪费（金钱、劳力、时间等）”。如：
There is no use wasting time in discussing how it happened.
讨论这件事情是如何发生的是没有用的。
You had better not waste your money on such a thing.
你最好不要在这种东西上浪费时间。2. in addition 此外
In addition, there was a crop failure in many provinces. 此外,许多省份作物歉收。
in addition to 除了……之外(还有)
In addition to such subjects, the department also taught mathematics. 除教授这些学科外,这系还开设数学课程。 3. wiped out1） 消灭,摧毁
The whole village was wiped out by the tsunami. 整个村子被海啸吞噬了。
The earthquake wiped out the town. 小镇毁于地震。
2） 擦掉，把……擦干净Don’t forget to wipe out the sink when you’ve finished the dishes. 洗完碗碟后,不要忘记把洗碗池擦干净。
3）wipe off 擦掉,把……从……上面擦干净
Wipe the drawing off the blackboard before the teacher sees it. 在老师看到之前,先把黑板上的图画擦干净。 4. large numbers oflarge numbers of 许多,大量,后加复数名词,相当于a large number of, a great / good many。
Large numbers of whales have been killed by these Japanese ships. 这些日本捕捞船已经杀死了许多鲸鱼。
Numbers of people came to the meeting from all over the country. 全国各地许多人来参加这个会议。5. lay eggslay eggs 下蛋，产卵
A turtle lays many eggs at a time. 乌龟一次下许多蛋。
To kill the goose that lays the golden eggs. 杀鸡取卵;自绝财源。6. effect
effect意为“结果；影响” 。如：
The damaged bridge is one of the effects of the typhoon.
那座损坏的桥是台风肆虐的结果之一。
The strike of the railway workers had a direct effect on us.
铁路工人物罢工对我们有直接的影响。
cause and effect 原因和结果
与effect相关的短语：
bring … to effect = carry … into effect
实行计划等
come / go into effect 生效；(被) 实施 如：
The law came into effect on April 1.
那法律于四月一日起生效。
in effect实质上， 实际上；（规则等）有效力，被实施 如：
The law is still in effect.
那项法律依然有效。 take effect 显出效果；(法律) 产生效力。如：
The medicine soon took effects.
药物马上见效。
to no effect 毫无效果地，徒然。如：
We tried to persuade him to no effect.
我们设法说服他，却一点儿用也没有。
to the effect that… 大意是说：如：
I received a letter to the effect that he would help me.
我收到一封信，大意是说他愿意帮助我。While we damage our environment, we keep producing more and more people who need more land to live on and more food to eat! The world’s population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800. The figure is now approaching 6.5 billion people!My suggestion is that we should try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy. The amount of rubbish we produce is turning into a big problem; we need to think more about recycling. It would be beneficial to expand out recyclingindustry, and teach people about environmentally friendly ways of living. We may even create more jobs and help the economy at the same time.
Thank you.1. populationpopulation 人口
The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. 中国人口比日本人口多得多。
About 30 percent of the population in the village have been struck by the illness. 整个村庄约30%的人口受到这种病的侵袭。 注意：对population进行提问时，常用what 或 how large。如：
What / How large is the population of Japan?
日本的人口有多少？
此外，population还可当作复数用，意为“全体住民，市民，国民” 。 如：
The whole population of the town came out to see him.
全镇住民都出来看他。2. grown togrow to “增加到”。类似的还有increase to, rise to, climb to 如：
The number of students at the college has grown to over 5,000. 这所学院的学生数已经增长到 5,000人。
The price has increased to an unbelievable number. 价格攀升到令人难以置信的水平。 The plane climbed to 25,000 feet.
飞机爬升到25,000英尺。
⑶ grow by “净增了”，类似的表达 increase by, rise by等。 如：
Sales of new cars in that country grew by 20 percent this year.
那个国家今年的新车销售量增加了百分之二十。It is quite amazing that the income of the people in the city has increased/ risen by 60 percent in the last two years.
这座城市居民的收入在过去的两年里增加/减少了百分之六十,这让人感到惊讶。 3. My suggestion is that…1）表示“建议,要求,命令”等意义的名词如suggestion, advice, order, requirement, request等作主语时,其后表语从句中的谓语常由 “should + 动词原形”构成，should可省略。The advice that the teacher gave was that the students (should) go to bed early during exam time. 老师提出的忠告是同学们在考试期间应该早点上床睡觉。
The orders are that we (should) stay here. 我们必须呆在这里,这是命令。2）suggest, advise, require, order等动词后接的宾语从句时，从句也常用“should+ 动词原形”作谓语,should可省略。 如：
I suggested that John (should) phone home
before he decided to stay late at the library.
我建议约翰在决定要在图书馆呆到很晚之前
应该先打个电话回家。
I advise that he (should) go at once.
我建议他马上动身。4. cut back oncut back on“削减,缩减”,相当于cut down on
Try to cut back on foods containing too much fat and sugar. 要尽量少吃脂肪和糖份含量过高的食品。
After the big job was finished, the builder cut back on the number of men working for him. 这项大工程完成以后,建筑商削减了工人总数的三分之一。cut across 走捷径
cut away 切除,剪掉
cut in 插进来说,插嘴,干预
cut off 切断,停掉
cut down 削减,砍倒
cut up 切碎与cut相关的短语Qian Liwei: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you, Mr. Lin. That was an interesting speech. It is obvious that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment. As an economist, I’m often seen as being against the environment. When people think of factories, they think of clouds of dirty smoke or a pipe pouring chemical waste into a river. They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities to the environment and only thinking about money. People often think that economic development is bad for the environment, but this does not have to be true.What I’m here to say is that having worked side by side with many environmentalists, I know that a healthy environment and a stable economy should be possible at the same time. There are many factories and industries which control the amount of pollution they produce, and are very careful tospend money repairing any damage they cause. The people running these factories are very concerned about the environment. We need to stop thinking of companies and money as the enemy!Mr. Lin suggested we should cut back on the amount of things we produce in order to save the environment. I don’t agree with him because then jobs will be lost. I believe that people are more important than fish and trees.1. …are very concerned aboutconcern (vt.) 与……有关；对……有影响；引起……的兴趣（关心）。如：
This letter does not concern you.
这封信与你无关。
The result concerns everybody.
这结果关系着每一个人。
The princess’ marriage concerns all the people in the country.
公主的结婚引起国内所有人的关心。be concerned about/for/over 担心；挂念 如：
I was very concerned about his illness. 我很担心他的病。 He is much concerned for her safety. 他很挂念她的安全。
be concerned with 与……有关 如：
The story is concerned with fairies. 这个故事与小神仙有关。 2. seen assee…as… “将……视为”。 如：
After his first novel was published, he was seen as one of the most outstanding new authors of his generation. 在他的第一部小说出版后不久,他就被视为他这一代最杰出的新秀作家之一。But I do agree that recycling may be the key to helping both sides. We should produce more things from recycled materials, and less from materials taken directly from the environment. What we need is more effective laws to preserve the environment, which still allow the economy to grow. This includes moreinspections to control how many trees are cut down and how many fish boats can catch. This might make wood and seafood more expensive, but paying a higher price for some things is not always bad for the economy. Asking around, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for thingsthat are environmentally friendly.
Finally, those factories which pollute the environment should have to pay higher taxes. So, if you want to harm the environment, you have to pay to do it, and I agree with that. Thank you for listening.
James Long: Now we will open the floor for discussion…1. the key toIn my opinion, the key to solving the
problem is to cooperate rather than
argue.
依我的观点,解决这个问题的办法就是
合作,而不是争吵。key“答案,解决办法”,后常跟介词to。如：the key of C major C大调
She always writes in a high key.
她经常写格调很高的文章。Her very unhappy childhood is the key
to the way she behaves now.
她的不幸的童年是目前表现不端的症
结所在。此外，key还可意为 “(音乐)调; (声音、
文体、颜色等的)调子；(思想、演说等
的) 基调”。如：Take care while crossing the street.
=Take care while you cross the street.
Wandering through the street, I saw a
tailor’s shop.
=While I was wandering through the
street, I was tailor’s shop. asking around为现在分词短语作时间状
语，相当于时间状语从句 when I ask
around。 如：ask around 四处打听
I will ask around and see if anyone
can help.
我要四处打听一下,看有没有人能够
帮忙。Thank you课件70张PPT。Task Designing a posterListening and drawing conclusionsSkills building 1When you draw conclusions, you think about a situation and the information you have, and try to decide what it means. Sometimes all the information you need about a subject is not included in the source you are listening to. This is when you must draw a conclusion. For example: If you hear ‘Yet another skyscraper has been built in Shanghai.’
What can you conclude ?
There are already some skyscrapers in Shanghai.If you hear the following dialogue
Man: The train is going to be late today.
Woman: I’m not surprised.
What can you conclude?
The train is often late.A. Listen to these short descriptions from news reports and draw a conclusion about what kind of natural disaster occurred in each situation.earthquake typhoon drought flood firefloodfireearth-
quaketyph-
oondroughtTapescript1. It had been raining for ten days and
then the river burst its banks and
water was everywhere. The field that
we had just planted with rice was
completely covered with water.
2. The house just went up in flames. We
could not stop it from burning down. 3. One minute I was standing and the
next I had fallen on the ground.
The ground was moving all around
me. Several cars were trapped in
big holes on the roads. It was really
frightening. I am lucky to be alive. 4. The wind was very strong and the
rain just poured down. Many shop
windows were broken and lots of
street signs were destroyed.
5. There has been no rain for more
than five years here. The crops
have failed and there is hardly
anything to eat. 1. The fires have been burning for quite some time.
2. Many people have lost their homes.B. Listen to the news report and decide if each conclusion below is logical. If it is, tick (√) the box.√√3. The police suspect citizens of Los Angeles helped start the fires.
4. The reporter thinks it is very sad that old trees will be burnt.
5. The fire department has given up hope of stopping the fires.√TapescriptReporter: This is Sally Smith reporting for World News from Los Angeles, California. California is still battling against huge fires that are sweeping across the state. Thousands of people have lost their homes although thankfully, no one has been killed. Firefighters are trying new ways to helpsave people’s homes. This includes using helicopters to bring water from the sea. It is thought that some teenagers may have started the fires. About three hours ago the police arrested two suspects. I can see from here that the damage to the environment is very bad. The fires have already damaged two hundred and sixtysquare kilometers of forest. These were mainly old redwood trees which were very important to the ecology of the area. Some of the trees were hundreds of years old and will be damaged or lost completely if the fires are not brought under control quickly. At the moment, there is no sign of the fires comingunder control. High winds in the area are helping the fires to spread. I will bring you another update in an hour.
This is Sally Smith, reporting to you live from Los Angeles, California. Step 1: listening to a lectureA. Your Science teacher has asked your group to make a poster about desertification for a nationwide contest. Before you can begin your poster, you must learn about desertification. Listen to your teacher’s lecture and collect information about your topic.1. What is desertification? _______________________________
_____________________
2. Where does it happen? ________________________________
__________________
3. How are people affected by it? ________________________________
________________________________
______________________It is when useable land becomes dry and turns into a desert.It happens in Africa, the USA, South America and China.People lose their homes and farms;
many families starve and others move to the cities to find work.4. Why does it happen? _________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
5. Who should be concerned? _____________________________People plant too much on the land without giving it a rest; too many
animals all depend on the same land to
eat; and people cut down trees for full
and to make space for more farms. Everyone should be concerned.B. Check your understanding of what you have just heard. Read the following statements and match them with the conclusions that can be made from them.1. Your teacher wants
you to help educate
people about
desertification.
2. A desert is an area
of dry land.
Desertification is
what we call it
when land turns
into desert.a. The ending
-ification means a process.
b. Many people around the world do not know about desertification.3. People plant
things without
giving the land a
chance to rest.
4. The wind carries
sand from the
deserts to the
cities, causing air
pollution.c. Some people
become ill after
breathing this
air.
d. One way to stop
desertification
is to allow the
land a chance to
rest between
plantings. TapescriptTeacher: Okay, class, there is a nationwide poster contest being held. Every school has been given a topic, and ours is desertification. Desertification is what we call it when useable land (farmland, forests, etc) becomes dry and turns into a desert. One poster from each school will be picked to be part of an exhibition that will travel around the world, educating people about environmental problems.
Problems associated with desertification affect around two hundred and fifty million people every year. About four billion hectares, that is a third of all Earth’s land, suffers from this problem. We really need to get the world’s attention so we can start trying to fix the problem.
Although desertification is everyone’s problem, it is an especially big problem in Africa. It is also a problem in the USA. Thirty percent of the land there is in danger of becoming desert. A quarter of the area of South America is threatened as well. Here in China, we also must deal with it. Since the nineteen fifties, seven hundred thousand hectares of farmland, two point three five million of range land (that is where animals go to eat the grass), and six point four million hectares of forest have been lost—all that land has turned into desert! Europe has been affected too, because the sand from deserts in Africa actually gets carried to Europe by the wind, and it is very unhealthy to breathe.
It is worse for the people who live in these desert areas. Not only do they breathe in this dusty air, but they also lose their homes and farms because the land is too dry to use. Many families starve, and others move to the cities to find work. These people’s lives are being ruined because of desertification.
There are many reasons why this is happening. Some parts of the world are naturally becoming drier —this has always happened, but the actions of humans are making it much worse. People plant too much on the land without giving it a rest; too many animals depend on the same land to eat; and people cut down trees for fuel and to make space for more farms — all of this dries out the land. When it gets too dry and there are no trees to stop the wind, the top soil (the part of the earth we grow food in) blows away. I hope this has been enough information to get you interested, and to make you understand that desertification is everyone’s problem. You can be part of the solution by making posters and educating people around the world about this growing problem. Now go out and do some research and good luck with your posters!Reading for informationWhen we read for information, we look for specific information that we need. We read different sources to find different types of information. We often scan the text while looking for the specific information that we require.Skills building 2A. In pairs, think of reasons why you might want to read the following.1. a newspaper
a. ____________________________
b. ____________________________
2. a plane ticket
a. ______________________________
b. __________________________to find out about the day’s newsto find out about the weatherto find out departure/arrival timesto find out your seat number3. a magazine
a. _______________________________
b. _____________________________
______________________________
4. a website
a. ____________________
b. ______________________to find out about the latest fashionsto find out more about the a particular topic, such as gardeningto research informationto find out the day’s news5. a bus timetable
a. _____________________________
b. __________________________
6. an advertisement
a. ______________________________
b. _____________________________
_______to find out departure/arrival timesto find out where the bus stopsto find out more about the productto find out where you can buy the product B. Read the following from a newspaper and underline the information which answers the questions that follow. Cinema times
The lord of the rings:
The return of the king
The Martrix: Revolutions
Pirates of the Caribbean Coffee culture
Is coffee replacing tea in the hearts of
local people and… With the opening of the city’s modern Art Museum, hundreds of people lined up to be among the first to view modern masterpieces.
According to Mr Zhou Lin, Director of the museum, a line of more than three hundred people had formed up to an hour before the museum was set to open. 13.00 17.20
14.30 18.00
16.45 20.15
According to Mr Zhao, the museum was
visited by over 10,000 people on its
opening day. Many of them were young
people with teachers on class trip.
Museum officials said they had not
expected that many vis1. At what time can you see The Matrix:
Revolutions?
2. What is the weather like in Beijing?
3. What has just opened?
4. How many people went to the opening?
At 14.30 and 18.00.Cloudy.The city’s new Modern Art Museum.Over 10,000 people.Step 2: reading a scientific articleA. You found this article about desertification during your research.
Read it and underline all of solutions
to desertification it mentions.
B. Your teacher has asked you to
include a list of three things students
can do to help stop desertification in
your poster. Work in groups and
write your answers in the space below._________________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
2. _________________________________ _________________________________
_______________________________
3. ________________________________ ________________________________ _________________________________…better management of areas that are likely to turn to desert and training people in responsible water usage. …sharing information and solutions between countries and using satellites to pick out likely areas for desertification.…to build fences (which stop wind from blowing the dirt away)…
…to plant more trees and bushes.When you present your point of view, you usually want people to accept your ideas. There are certain things you can do to make what you say more polite so that people will be more likely to agree with you.Presenting your point of viewSkills building 3:You can use these words to help you introduce your point of view:
I think / believe that…
From my point of view it seems that…
It seems to me that…
Personally I agree / disagree because…Use these words to explain your point of view:
because… as a result of…
due to… on account of…A. Match the beginning of each sentence in the left-hand column with an appropriate ending in the right-hand column. 1. I believe that
things cost more
in cities
2. As a result of last
year’s poor test
scores,
This winter has been very colda. students are being given more homework.
d. therefore I have worn my down coat every day.
c. because of the higher wages people make.4. Personally, I agree with Wei Li
5. I disagree with that score because
6. It seems to me that due to his mistakee. we will all get in trouble.
b. because I think she has the right idea.
f. the result I got was much higher.B. Discuss this list of things people can do to help the environment. Rank them in the order from most important (1) to least important (8).Turn off the tap when you are cleaning
your teeth.
Recycle paper and glass.
Use unleaded petrol in cars.
Walk or cycle everywhere.
Turn off the lights when you are not in a room.
Take a bag with you when you go shopping.
Get something repaired rather than buy a new one.
Use both sides of a sheet of paper.23456781A. You interviewed several experts on desertification, Read their viewpoints and discuss which one you agree with and which one your group plans to focus its poster on. Step 3: designing a posterDesertification is caused by people cutting down trees and digging up bushes.People should not keep on planting things on the same place of land. The land needs to rest!Deserts form naturally. We shouldn’t worry about desertification. It will fix itself.We must stop building factories. They pollute the water and all the plants die. Then the land turns into desert.We need to learn how to use water better. If we are careful, we’ll have enough water for people, animals and plants and then no deserts will form.Farmers should stop letting their animals eat all the grass. If there is no grass, a desert will form.Out-dated farming methods cause desertification.1. How can desertification be prevented?
2. Can areas of desert be turned back into farmland and forests?B. You have decided to focus on the following areas in your poster. Discuss the questions below with your group.3. Is desertification a global problem?
4. Why is it important to fight desertification?
5. What progress has been made to fight desertification so far?
6. Can young people do anything to help fight this problem?Heading _______________________
Content _______________________
Pictures /layout _________________C. Discuss the content and layout of your poster with your group. Use the space below to help with your planning.Listening on page 104A. Wang Hao is doing some research about environmental problems in China. He has found an interesting article on the Internet. Listen as he reads the article to his friend. Help him complete the first part of his notes. 1. The increasing number of ________
has caused serious air pollution.
2. Because more people are buying
____, China uses more petrol.
3. There is _______ all over the streets
in our cities.
4. We don’t recycle enough ______,
paper or _____.factoriescarsrubbishplasticmetal5. We can recycle drink cans and
__________.
6. We can ______________ in the
street.
7. We can ___________ and
__________________ instead of
driving cars. newspaperspick up rubbishride bicycles use public transportTapescript Wang Hao: China’s economy has grown very quickly over the last twenty years, but the improved economy has caused many environmental problems. The increasing number of factories has caused dangerous air pollution. Because more people are buying their own cars, China used more petrol. But the world’s petrol resources are limited, and some day there will be no more petrol. What will future generations use for energy? Also, many people do not throw away their rubbish in an environmentally friendly way, and there is rubbish all over the streets in our cities. Perhaps most importantly, we do not recycle enough plastic, paper or metal.
We should do more to protect our environment. We can all recycle drink cans and newspapers, and we can all pick up rubbish in the street. We can ride bicycles and use public transport instead of driving cars. Let’s keep China clean and beautiful! B. Wang Hao’s neighbor, Dr Fan, is an
expert on the environment. Wang
Hao is talking to him about how
people can live in a more environ-
mentally friendly way. Listen to
their conversation and complete the
part of his notes. Interview with Dr FanDr Fan suggests not using disposable _________ in canteens and restaurants.
People should avoid using __________ at the supermarket.
Governments and companies should use other sources of ______.
We use too much coal, which _______ the air. chopsticksplastic bagsenergypollutesTapescript Wang Hao: Dr Fan, what can we do to
protect our environment?
Dr Fan: Well, there are little things that
everyone can do. For example,
when you eat lunch in the school
canteen, do you throw away the
chopsticks when you’re finished?
Wang Hao: Well, yes, I do.Dr Fan: Imagine your chopsticks
plus everyone else’s
chopsticks, five times a week.
Wang Hao: That’s a lot of rubbish!
Dr Fan: Yes, it is. If people stop using
disposable chopsticks every
time they eat in a restaurant or
canteen, the amount of rubbish
will decrease greatly.Wang Hao: What else can we do?
Dr Fan: You can avoid using plastic bags
at the supermarket. Buy a cloth
bag and take it with you every
time. You should at least reuse
your plastic bags. Don’t throw
them away. There are also some
things that the government and companies need to
do, such as using other
sources of energy, like
solar energy and wind
energy. We use too much
coal, which pollutes the air.
Wang Hao: Thanks for your help, Dr
Fan!C. Wang Hao is posting an article on the school website about what he has learnt. Help him complete the article below. China’s economy has grown very quickly, but our environmental problems have also grown. Air pollution is now a serious problem in China because of the _________ number increasingof factories. More people are buying ____ nowadays, which means China is using more petrol. These resources are limited, and someday, we will not have any more.
Furthermore, many people do not throw away their _______ in an environmentally friendly way, and there is rubbish all over the streets in our cities.carsrubbishBut there are many things we can do to be environmentally friendly. We can all recycle ______, paper and _____ as well as drink cans and __________. We can all ___________ and _________________ instead of driving cars.
I spoke to Dr Fan, an expert on the environment, and he gave me some other plasticmetalnewspapersride bicyclesuse public transport___________. Do not use disposable chopsticks when you eat in a restaurant. When you go to the supermarket, do not use__________. Dr Fan also thinks that we need to use other sources of ______, because we use too much coal, which _______ the air.
If everyone takes actions, our environment will be much cleaner.suggestionsplastic bagsenergypollutesThank you课件31张PPT。Unit2
Words and Expressionsdebate n. : formal argument or discussion of a question 辩论,争辩，争论
a heated debate 一场激烈的辩论
v. : to have a debate about (sth.); discuss (sth.) 辩论,争辩，争论
debate sth
debate about/ on/ upon sth.
debate wh-to do...
debate with sb about / upon sth 与某人争论某事
What are you debating (about) ?
We’re just debating what to do next.
I debated with Mary about this problem.
debater n. 争论着；参加讨论者
debate , argue & discuss
(1) debate 多指在公开，正式的场合进行的辩论或严肃的争论，双方各自陈述理由，“交锋，往返”的意味较浓。
e.g. They will debate the question tomorrow.
(2) argue 指一方坚持自己的意见，立场和观点，通过争论企图说服对方
e.g. They are always arguing with each other about money.
(3) discuss 指为了解决问题或弄清对方的观点而进行的讨论，磋商。
e.g. Have you discussed the problem with anyone ?
2.preservation: n. preserve: v.
3.industrial: adj. industry: n.
agricultural: adj. agriculture
4.awful a. : extremely bad or unpleasant;
terrible 极坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的
an awful accident/experience/shock
What awful weather !
The film was awful.
awfully ad. (infml) very; very much 很；非常
awfully hot/sorry 热极了/非常抱歉
I’m afraid I’m awfully late. 我实在太迟了
5.poisonous: adj. poison: v./n.6. flow vi. : to move steadily and continuously in one direction 流； 流动
It’s here that the river flows down into the sea.
Blood was flowing from his wound.
n. (of sth./sb.) the steady and continuous movement of sth. in one direction流；流动(+ of) 他的思绪 his flow of thought.
She tried to stop the flow of blood from the wound.7. in addition : as well; besides 此外
There is , in addition, one further point to say.
此外，还有一点要说。
in addition to sb./sth/ doing sth = as well as ; besides 除了……之外(还有)
In addition to some picture-books, we still need some story-books.
8. wipe out vt. (often pass.) :to destroy or remove completely （常用被动式）（全部）消除，去除，消灭
The whole village was wiped out by the
tsunami.
All the enemies were wiped out.
wipe sth. down （用湿布）彻底擦干净
wipe sth. off 从...除掉（抹掉）
他去年把债还清了。
He wiped off the debt last year.
9. lay vt. (1): (of birds, insects, etc.) to produce (an egg or eggs)
These hens aren’t laying.
(2): to put down so as to lie flat 放；搁；置
Lay your new coat on the bed.
我们要铺一块新桌布。
We’re going to lay a new table cloth.
lay off:暂时解雇
试比较：
lie-lay-lain-lying 躺,卧,位于
lie-lied-lied-lying 撒谎
lay-laid-laid-laying 放置,产卵
He___ to me that he had a headache.
He __ on the ground ___ to me that his hen ____ two eggs a day.
He ___ his hand on my shoulder last night.
liedlaylyinglaidlaid10. approach (1) v. to come near to sb./sth. in distance or time （在距离或时间上）接近；靠近
Silently we approached the enemy’s camp.
The time is approaching when we will have to leave .
He is approaching 80.
(2) vt. : to speak to (someone), esp. in order to make a request or suggestion for the first time （初次）接洽；交涉；打交道Did he approach you about lending him some money ?
他有没有找你谈关于借钱给他的事。
(4) n. the act of approaching 靠近；接近；临近 (approach of...)
The approach of autumn brings cool weather.
a method of dong sth. or dealing with a problem ( approach to...) 方法；步骤
a new approach to AIDS treatment
11.cut back on: reduce cut back (on) production cut down cut up12. beneficial a. : having a helpful or useful effect ; advantageous 有益的；有用的；有好处的
be beneficial to sb./sth. 对…有益
Fresh air is beneficial to one’s health.
Such a dictionary is beneficial to students.
benefit n./v. +from
The new laws will be of great benefit to us all.
These facilities have benefited the whole town.
We can benefit from what we have learned.
13. expand (1) vi.& vt. : to become greater in size, number or importance; to make sth. greater in size, number or importance扩大；增强；加强
Metals expand when they are heated.
Student numbers are expanding rapidly.
We’ve expanded the business by opening two more chain stores.
expansion n. 扩张；膨胀
试比较： expand enlarge spread
expand 指范围,体积的扩大,膨胀,扩张
enlarge 指尺寸或空间的扩大
spread 指物体表面或地域上的扩展,传播
expand market 扩大市场
Good reading enlarges the mind.
大量阅读使人增长才智.
Spread the newspaper and you know the news.14. obvious a. (1) easy to see or understand 明显的；显然的
It’s obvious to everyone that children like playing games.
It’s obvious from what she said that something is wrong.
(2) that most people would think of or agree to 公然的；当然的
他是这一工作的当然人选。
She was the obvious choice for the job.
obviously ad.明显地；显然地
15.situation: in this situation on this occasion
16. stable a.(1) : firmly fixed, not likely to move,change or fail 稳定的；稳固的；牢固的
The ladder doesn’t seem very stable.
The patient’s condition is stable.
(2) : calm and reasonable; not easily upset
稳重的；沉稳的
他的心理状态不十分稳定。
Mentally, she’s not very stable.
stably ad. 稳定地 stability n. 稳定性
stabilize vt. 使稳定
17. effective a.: (1) producing the result that is wanted or intended 有效的
Effect: have an effect on sth.
come into effect开始实施，实行
18. Inspection: n.
Inspect: v.检查；视察 inspector: n.检查员；督察；督学19. willing a. (1) not objecting to doing sth.; having no reason for not doing sth. 乐意的；自愿的 be willing to do sth.
They want some people who are willing to work at nights.
I’m willing to discuss the problem.
ready or pleased to help and needing to be persuaded; done or give in an enthusiastic way 愿意的；积极肯干的
他们都是愿意帮助的人。
They are all willing helpers.
She’s very willing.
他非常积极肯干。
willingly ad.自愿的 willingness n.自愿
20. tax: n./ v.
n. state/local taxes国（地）税
How much income tax did you pay last year?
He paid $50 in taxes.
tax-free adj. 免税的
vt. tax sth./ sb.
tax incomes tax rich and poor alike
21. Destruction: n.
The destruction of a town by an earthquake
destroy: v.22. state (1) n. : condition in which a person or a thing is 状态；状况
The house was in a dirty state.
(2)n. : quality of circumstances, characteristics, etc. 情形；情况
我们到达时她情绪很不好。
She was in a terrible state when we arrived
(3) n. :government of a country
This is a company run by the state.
(4) v. express in spoken or written words, especially carefully and clearly
他说他从未见过那个男子。
He stated that he had never seen the man.
试比较
state, condition & situation
state 状态，状况。普通用词
condition 情况，条件，指在思考中的事 物内部的条件和状态。用复数时指比较一般，笼统的情况。
situation 状态，境遇，指危急或重大的事态，也指职位，职业。
The country is in a troubled state.
Milk may go bad under present conditions.
Measures must be taken to meet the situation.
必须设法应付这局面。
23. shame (1) n. : painful feeling caused by wrong, dishonourable or ridiculous behaviour 羞耻；羞愧；惭愧
他惭愧地低下头。
He hung his head in shame.
(2) n. ability to feel shame 羞愧感
他恬不知耻。
He is completely without shame.
(3) vt. cause sb. to feel shame; bring shame upon sb.
使感到羞愧；使丢脸
你给你们家丢了脸。
You have shamed your family.注：a shame 可以指可耻的人或事物，也可以指
遗憾的事。
It’s a shame to cheat in the exam.
It’ a shame that you missed such a good chance.
shame sb. into/out of doing sth.
使某人感到惭愧而做/不做某事
What he said shamed me into apologizing to my teacher.
be ashamed of...对...感到惭愧
You should be ashamed of yourself telling such lies.
shameful a. 可耻的，丢脸的
shameless a. 无耻的；不要脸的
ashamed pred. a. （表语形容词）感到羞耻的；
感到惭愧的
24.closely ad. : in a close manner; carefully紧密地，密切地；仔细地
He walked into the room, closely followed by the
rest of the family.
I sat and watched everyone very closely.
试比较：close closely ad.
close 常修饰由介词引导的短语，表示“靠近地，
亲密地”
Someone followed close behind me.
有人紧跟着我。
(2) closely多用来修饰动词和过去分词。
She closely resembles her father.
她非常像她父亲。
The two events are closely connected.
这两起事件紧密相关。
25.apparently ad. :according to what you have heard
or read; according to the way sth. appears 据...所知；看来；显然地
He paused, apparently lost in thought.
他停顿下来，显然陷入了沉思。
Apparently they’re getting married soon.
据我所知，他们很快就要结婚了。
26. limited: adj. Be limited to
limit: limit sb. to sth. N. there is a limit to sth.
27.establish vt.: (1) to start or create an organization,a system that is meant to last for a long time 建立；创立；设立
The committee was established in 1912.
(2) : to start having a relationship, especially a
formal one, with another person or group
建立（关系）
establish a close relationship with sb.
与某人建立起密切关系
establishment n. 建立；创立28. Decrease: n./ v.
Decrease by/ to
The population of the village has decreased by 150 to 500.
n. (in sth.)
There has been a decrease in our imports this year.
On the decrease : 在减少中
Is crime on the decrease?
29. Stock: n. / v.
n. 存货；现货 be in/ out of stock有/无现货
v. (with) supply or equip with
Stock a shop with goods 供应商店货物
Well stocked with the latest fashions充分备有最新式样
30.equipment: n. u
31.measure: n./ v. measure sth/ sb.; sth. measures +adj.
The tailor measured me for a suit.
n.度量；重量；措施take measures采取措施 32. Concern: n. 关心，关注
It is no concern of mine. I have nothing to do with it.
Mind your own concerns.管你自己的事。
Concerned: adj. 焦虑的；担心的with a concerned look以焦虑的神情
33.endanger: vt. Put sth./sb. in danger
en+n. =v.
enlarge, encourage, enable,
34. Diverse: a. of different kinds
The wild life in Africa is extremely diverse.野生动物种类十分不同
Diversity: n. variety各式各样 19. prohibit vt. (1) to forbid by law or rule （根据法律或规则）禁止
Smoking in this railway carriage is ( strictly) prohibited.
prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止/阻止某人做某事
We are prohibited from drinking alcohol during working hour.
(2) : to prevent; make impossible 使不可能。阻止
The price prohibited us from buying it.
prohibition n. 禁止 prohibitive a.禁止的
20. appreciate vt.: (1) to recognize the good qualities
of sb./sth. 欣赏
You can’t really appreciate foreign novels in translation.
看翻译作品不能真正欣赏外国小说（的精髓）。
(2) to be grateful for sth. that sb. has done 感激；
感谢
I’d appreciate some help.
如有人帮忙，我将不胜感激。
appreciation n. 欣赏
appreciative a.欣赏的；感激的课件45张PPT。Welcome to the unitEarth song — Michael JacksonI used to dream I used to glance beyond the stars now I don’t know where we are although I know we’ve drifted far hey, what about yesterday, what about us what about the seas, what about us the heavens are falling down, what about us I can’t even breathe, what about us what about the bleeding earth, what about us can’t we feel its wounds, what about us what about nature’s worth, ooo, ooo It’s our planet’s womb, what about uswhat about animals, what about it we’ve turned kingdoms to dust, what about us what about elephants, what about us have we lost their trust, what about us what about crying whales, what about us we’re ravaging the seas, what about us what about forest trails, ooo, ooo burnt despite our pleas, what about us what about the holy land, what about it torn apart by creed, what about us what about the common man, what about us can’t we set him free, what about uswhat about children dying, what about us can’t you hear them cry, what about us where did we go wrong, ooo, ooo someone tell me why, what about us what about babies, what about it what about the days, what about us what about all their joy, what about uswhat about the man, what about us what about the crying man, what about us what about Abraham, what was us what about death again, ooo, oooWhy is the earth crying ?The earth is facing serious problems.
Look at the picture above and discuss which ones are caused by nature and which ones are caused by man?Remains of PompeiiWhat caused the destruction of the city of Pompeii?Mount Vesuvius erupted and lava, ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside. All the people in Pompeii were buried alive, and so was the city.Can you think of other natural disasters that damage the environment?earthquakefiretyphoon
hurricaneflood
droughtNatural
disasterssnow slideAny more??Warming up water pollutionearthquake fire typhoon
hurricanesnow slideflood and drought More about Tang Shan earthquake:On July 28th, 1976, at 3:42 a.m. local time, a powerful earthquake recording M8.2 took place in northeastern China about 95 miles east of Beijing near Tang Shan, an industrial city of about 1 million people. Many eye witnesses said they saw a bright flash across the sky which was followed by a deafening roar just before the shaking began. What caused the city of loulan to disappear?It was gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 500.Can you think of other ways in which people damage the environment?Remains of loulanWhat caused the sandstorms?problems?It is estimated that over 1 billion people—about one fifth of the world’s population —don’t have enough safe drinking water. Water pollutionMany people don’t have enough clean drinking water. Make people get sick.Factories pour waste into rivers/ lakes/seas. People throw rubbish into rivers/lakes.Use new technology to make sure that factories are green and clean. Clean the water in the rivers/lakes. Save water in our daily life.Air pollutionproblem?Air pollution causes more than 2.7 million deaths in the world every day. Make people get sick or even die. Make the environment dirty.
Cause acid rain (酸雨). Factories, power stations, cars, air conditioners give off waste gas. Burn coal and oil. The harmful smoke should be made harmless before it goes into the air. Ride bikes more. Limit the number of cars./Make cars that don’t pollute the air.rubbishproblem?Make the environment ugly, dirty and even dangerous. Cause diseases.Throw rubbish in the streets or in nature. Buy products that use too much packaging.Throw waste in rubbish bins.
Buy products that use less packaging. Recycle as much as possible.Defores-
tationproblem?problemDesertification?DeforestationDesertificationCause bad weather (sandstorm).
Lands or mountains turn into desert. Cause starvation.Cut too much wood. Rich surface soil will be blown away by wind or washed by rain down to hills and into rivers.Use less wood. Plant more new trees. Try to make desert areas become green land.problem?starvationAlmost 800 million people in the world do not have enough to eat. Cause society problems: violence, crime…
Many people die.Wars
Uneven distributions of wealth
Lack of educationNo wars; Rich countries should help people who can’t get enough food or education.What can we do to solve the problem?Competition As a student, what can you do to reduce pollution and protect our environment? Discuss with your partners and write down the things you can do.
Divide the class into two groups. The group which has more ideas will be the winner.GROUP A: GROUP B:rubbishplate××basketcleanPass lawsPlant treesEarthdayControl sandWhat can we do? Write down what you will do to protect our environment.
Exchange your ideas with your classmates.HomeworkThank you课件19张PPT。Word powerA. Read this brochure about a new, environmentally friendly hotel which is opening.Ecotourists are people who visit an area and do not harm or damage the ecosystem. They are interested in environmental protection. If you are this kind of tourist, you will love Ecoville.We use natural, safe energy from the sun, solar energy, instead of digging up. Earth to find fossil fuels. Nothing in our hotel causes pollution. We even use eco-friendly washing powder to wash your sheets. Don’t have your next holiday in a city full of factories that create harmful waste. Come to Ecoville, where you and Earth will be safe together. D. The prefix ‘eco- ’ comes from Greek and means ‘earth’. It is used in many words to talk about the environment, such as ‘ecology’ and ‘eco-tourism’. Write six words that include the prefix ‘eco- ’. Use your dictionary if you need to.eco-friendlyeco-tripecotouristsecosystemEcovilleEco-travelThe prefix ‘bio- ’ means ‘life’. Write six words that include the prefix ‘bio- ’. Use your dictionary if you need to.biologybiochemistbiophysicsbiospherebiotechnologybiologistThe prefix ‘astro- ’ means ‘star’. Write six words that include the prefix ‘astro- ’. Use your dictionary if you need to.astronautastronomicalastrophysicsastronomerastrologerastrologyB. When we talk about things that are bad for the environment, many of the words that we use are compound nouns. Use the compound nouns in the box to label the pictures.clear-cut logging opencast mining slash and burn farming acid rain
ozone layer global warmingacid rainopencast miningclear-cut loggingglobal warmingozone layerburn farmingCompetition We have learned a lot of words and phrases about environmental preservation. Look at the following pictures and try to use as many words and expressions on environment as you can. Divide the class into two groups. The group which has more ideas will be the winner.GROUP A: GROUP B: put waste water into rivers;
kill sea creatures;
fish die by pollution;
not enough fresh water to drink;
recycle waste water;
turn off the tap when cleaning your teeth;
save waterExampleC. Help the management of Ecovilla write an advertisement. Fill in the blanks with the words from the previous page.The concept behind our hotel is (1) _____________ protection. It is safe and fun for the whole family, even Mother Earth.Ecoville, the perfect holiday destination!environmentalEcoville was the idea of Li Zheng, a scientist. He was worried about global warming and the hole in the (2) __________. He wanted a chance to have a holiday in beautiful part of the world, but not to cause damage to the (3) _________ of the area. One night he saw a television show about a village in Africa. The whole village usesozone layerecosystem(4) ______ from the sun. No (5) _________ are burnt in people’s homes. There is no harmful waste from the factories because it is changed back into fuel and used to power the factories. The cars are all electric and can be plugged into normal outlets. Even things like soap powder are (6) __________ products.energyeco-friendlyfossil fuelsMr Li was very excited about this idea, and decided to build Ecoville exactly the same way. Nothing you find in Ecoville causes any (7) ________ at all. We even built our hotel around the trees — you can relax and be sure that there was no damage done to make space for your room. pollutionWe even checked to make sure that the metals we used to build were not obtained from companies that practice opencast mining.
So come and join us, become part of the new generation of tourists, (8) __________, and spend your next holiday in beautiful Ecoville.ecotouristsThank you
