中考英语复习系列讲座(一)
对于中学生来说,初三是非常关键的一年,特别是复习阶段,更为重要。即将来临的中考是检验学生是否掌握了所学的知识,也是为了升入高一级学校进行的一次选拔性考试。对中学生来说这是一次真正意义上的考试。要想在中考中将自己的实力和能力发挥出来,我们就要从思想上、行动上做好以下准备。
1.了解中考的指导思想。
我省的初中毕业升学考试(简称中考)是高中阶段学校招生考试,属选拔性考试。中考的指导思想是以《国务院关于基础教育改革与发展的决定》为指针,试卷既要考察学生的知识,也要考察学生的能力。中考试题有较高的信度、效度和较好的区分度,有利于对学生英语水平的考察和创造能力的发挥。
2. 了解考试要求和命题原则
参照现行的国家教育部制定的《九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲(试用修订版)》(二级目标与要求)。命题注重考察学生运用所学知识分析问题、解决问题的能力,侧重对学生综合语言运用能力和创新能力的考察,突出对学生听说能力的考察。逐步降低语法要求,不出偏、难、怪题。命题立足“双基”以体现试题的基础性,同时又要侧重对学生实际运用英语能力的考察。听力测试侧重考察学生理解和获取信息的能力。
3. 试卷的形式和难度要求
试卷采用闭卷笔试形式,试卷由卷I和卷II两部分组成。卷I为客观性试题(选择题),包括听力第一节和笔试七个大题,占90分。卷II为主观性试题,占30分。
试题难度比(约):3:5:2 (容易题:30%, 中挡难度题:50%,难度较大题:20%)。
容易题一般都是基础题,如听力中的听句子选答案,笔试中的词汇和单项选择题。中档题是基本能力的考察,就是这一部分的知识学生一定学过,就是在运用上更加灵活。难度较大的题就是很灵活的题,如:听写和书面表达。
4. 新课标与中考
随着新课标的颁布和课程改革的不断深入,中考在保证试题相对稳定的基础上,充分体现“课程改革”及英语学科《课程标准》的教学理念,推动我省初中评价的改革。中考试题充分体现正导向作用,以考查基础知识、基本能力为切入点,突出对学生的基本学习经历、实践能力的考查;新课程标准中关于英语课程改革的重点就是要改变英语课程过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解和传授,忽视对学生语言能力的培养。强调从学生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认知水平出发,倡导体验、实践、参与、合作与交流的学习方式和任务型教学途径。近几年的中考试题已经体现了这一点,目前我们淡化语法,不再死抠知识点,更强调知识的运用。新课程标准的基本理念之一就是“面向全体学生,注重素质教育”。我们的考试和评价也在向能力考察这个方向靠拢。英语课程的目标是“以学生语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识的发展为基础,培养学生英语综合语言运用的能力。04年的中考题中已体现出关注学习策略(如:阅读理解B篇;书面表达)。
新课标中五级即初中毕业的学生应达到的标准,对听的技能要求是:能听懂有关熟悉话题的谈话,并能从中提取信息和观点;(我们的中考题中的听力部分第一大题正是符合了这个要求。)能听懂接近正常语速的故事和记叙文,理解故事的因果关系;(现在的听力速度已经接近正常语速)能针对所听语段的内容记录简单的信息。听力部分第二卷的听写,正是落实新课标的这一要求。
对读的要求是:能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义;能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系;能找出文章中的主题、理解故事的情节,预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局;能读常见体裁的阅读材料;我们中考题中阅读体裁每年都有变化,阅读层面涉及到故事、新闻、科普知识、规章制度等等,考察学生思维能力的词义猜测、主旨大意、逻辑推理、总结概括占了70%以上。
写的方面的要求是:能独立起草短文、短信等;能简单描述人物或者事件。近几年的写作涉及到看图写话、日记、书信、电子邮件、网络回帖等诸多方面的内容。
5. 今年中考的最新动向
今年的中考试题与往年相比,在稳定的基础上有所变化。所谓稳定就是考试的题型没有变化。依然是分听力和笔试两个部分。今年的中考会更接近课标的理念,在试题中会有更多的新的理念的体现。如在听力题的设计上就有了变化,将以往的选项部分由四选一改为了三选一,从一定程度上降低了听力的难度,也使学生在阅读选项时减轻了心理压力。从这一点看,体现了新课标中的以人为本的理念。写作方面也会有所开放,就学生的关心话题和热点问题,可以让学生表达自己的想法和观点。由记叙一件事情转为表达看法,突出考查学生的思维能力与表达能力。阅读方面将会有更宽泛的题材出现。
6. 题型分析
听力部分
听力试题一共分为五个部分,即“听句子,选择句子中所包含的信息”;“听句子,选答语”;“听对话和问题,选择正确的答案”;“听短文、对话和问题,选择正确的答案”;“听短文或者对话,完成表格或者填写单词”。
“听句子,选信息”比往年的要求更进了一步,要求学生要抓住完整的信息内容,而不是以前的单纯的选单词或者词组。
如:(1)[听力材料] I did better in English than in history in our final exam. English is one of my favourite subjects, you know.
A. I did better in history than in English. B. I don’t like history.
C. I am good at English.
[答案] C
[分析] 根据原句中提到“我”的英文比历史考的好的原因是“我”喜欢英语。所以推断出:“我”擅长英语。
(2) [听力材料]A lot of people go boating in summer.
A. Go skiing. B. Go boating. C. Go swimming.
[答案]B
[分析] 这是一道容易题,只要听清楚了,很容易就选出来答案的。
(3) [听力材料]Janet, you look cool in that new skirt.
A. It’s cool today. B. She feels cold.
C. She’s nicely dressed. D. She’s wearing too much. (2004年河北省中考题)
[答案] C
[分析] 这道题比较难。
“听句子,选答语”会很贴近学生的生活和我们的日常生活,这一部分主要是考察学生的交际能力。看学生是否能灵活的应用语言。
例如:(1 )[听力材料] Hello! This is John. Can I speak to Jane, please (2004年绵阳市中考题)
A. Hold on, please. B. You’re welcome. C. Sorry, I can’t.
[分析] 答案为A。因为接电话的不是Jane,所以让对方别挂电话等一下。
(2) [听力材料] I just don’t know what to say. I’m really sorry.
A. It’s kind of you. B. Forget it. C. You are welcome. D. Thank you all the same!
[分析] 答案为B。听到的句子是一个道歉的话,回答是要对方不要放在心上,所以选Forget it.
“听对话和问题,选择正确的答案”,在对话的选择上不再是简短的一问一答,而是体现了人与人的交流,把语言置于情景当中,主要是考察学生的理解、分析和判断能力。
例如:W: Can I help you
M: I’d like to borrow some books on computers.
W: Let me see. Oh, we have five of them. Here you are.
M: Thank you.
Q: Where does this dialogue take place
A. In the computer room. B. In the library. C. In the bookshop.
[分析] 答案是B。因为这里提到的是借关于电脑方面的书,而不是买书。所以对话是在图书馆里发生的。这道题考察学生的判断能力。
“听短文、对话和问题,选择正确的答案”这一部分的选材会贴近学生生活,符合课标的要求,即学生要能听懂接近正常语速的故事和记叙文,理解故事的因果关系;可以是话题式的,也可以是对话式的。
例如:
(1) Diving is a new sport today. This sport takes you into a wonderful new world. It is like visiting the moon! When you are under water, it is easy for you to climb big rocks, because you are no longer heavy.
Here, under water, everything is blue and green. During the day, there is enough light. When the fish swim around, you can catch them with your hands.
When you have a tank of air on your back, you can stay in deep water for a long time. But you must be careful when you dive in deep water.
Catching fish is one of the most interesting parts of this game. Diving also has many uses. You can clean ships without taking them out of water. You can get many things from the deep sea.
Now you can see that diving is both useful and interesting.
(2) M: Can I help you, madam
W: Yes, please. I’d like four tickets to New York.
M: Certainly. When would you like to fly
W: On the 23rd of February Let me see. Um, I’m sorry, we don’t have any planes on that day to New York. What about 22nd
W: The 22nd of February Yes, that’s OK. What’s the flight number
M: Flight number It’s CA something---yes, um, CA349.
W: CA349. What time does it leave
M: Er, it leaves Beijing at 13:15.
W: 13:15---er, that’s a quarter past one in the afternoon, isn’t it
M: That’s right. How many seats do you want
W: I’d like four seats, please.
M: Certainly. I’ll book them right now.
笔试部分
词汇
词汇在中考中分为两部分,一部分是词语释义,一部分是写单词。这两部分在考试中都更多的倾向于理解,而不是单纯的按照汉语写出单词。
例如:Jim always _______(赢) me at swimming. I think I need more training. (2004年河北省中考题)
[分析] 单从字面的意思看,就是让写单词wins,根据句子的意思,是在比赛中战胜某人,这里的赢就得用“beat”, 主语是第三人称单数,所以答案为beats。
2 Dalian is one of the most beautiful ________(城市) in our country. (2004年甘肃省中考题)
[分析] 写城市一词就是city,但是做这道题的时候要注意到前面的one of,意思是“其中之一”,one of后面跟的名词要用复数形式。所以答案是 cities。
3 Look out! The train is coming. (2004年四川省中考题)
A. Be careful B. Look up C. Look outside
[分析] 这是一个词语释义题,就是用英语解释英语。我们首先要弄清楚这四个词组的含义。
look out 小心,be careful 小心,注意,look up 查找,look outside 向外看。弄清楚短语的意思我们就不难找到答案了。这个答案为A。
4. There are many trees on both sides of the street. (2004年黄冈市中考题)
A. every side B. all sides C. either side D. neither side
[分析] 这句话的意思是说“在街道两边有很多树”,表示街道两边的词组有:both sides, either side, each side。所以很明显答案为C。
单项选择
近三年来,对于纯语法知识的考察已经淡化了许多,但命题的考点仍然涵盖了初中的全部基础语法内容,包括词和词组的选用、句子的构成和习惯表达。以04年河北省中考单选试题为例,31.冠词、36.数词、37.名词的所有格、38.状语从句、39.被动语态、40.代词、41.形容词、42.形容词的比较等级、43.情态动词、44.介词、45.系动词、46.情景交际中的特殊疑问词的用法、47.动词不定式、48.副词的比较等级中的as…as…句型、49.现在完成时态中关于延续性动词和终止性动词的用法、50.宾语从句的词序。
命题者根据学生不同层次的实际情况,试题一般是易难程度阶梯式递增的排列;命题时考虑一般学生在语言实践中极易混淆和容易弄错的词语和语法现象, 如:
1 Oh, the milk _______ strange ----do you think it’s OK to drink (2004年河北省中考题)
A. was tasted B. tasted C. is tasting D. tastes
[分析] 这个题学生们很容易判断为被动语态。而taste在这里用做系动词,表示“尝起来……”,用主动语态即可。而后面的do you think说明是一般现在时态所以答案是D。
2. Congratulations, John! I’m really happy ______ you. (2004年河北省中考题)
A. in B. on C. for D. to
[分析] 这个题考查的是介词用法。学生们习惯的表达方式为:be happy to do sth. 所以很多学生选择的是D。而be happy to 表达的是“高兴做某事”,后面跟动词短语,跟我们目前要表达的意思不一致。这句话的意思是“为你感到高兴”,所以答案是C。如果同学们在做题时形成了思维定式,就很容易犯错误了。
从近年阅卷情况看,学生对易混淆的词语尤其是句子理解失分较多。故学生在复习阶段不但不能忽略单词和词组,还要花功夫背记词组的释义和用法。
完型填空
完型填空是一项综合性很强的题目。目前中考不再是考学生知识点的应用,而更多的是考察学生对语篇的理解,在理解的基础上,使“挖”得“支离破碎”的文章还原。请看下面的例子:
Everyone needs friends. We all like to ___1___ close to someone. __2__is nice to have a friend to talk with. __3___ , sometimes we need to be alone. But we would feel lonely if we never had a friend.
No two people are just the same. Friends __4__ don’t get on well. That doesn’t mean that they no longer like each other. Most of the time they will make up and become __5___ again.
( ) 1. A. look B. watch C. feel D. see
( ) 2. A. It B. He C. There D. Someone
( ) 3. A. Hardly B. Nearly C. Suddenly D. Certainly
( ) 4. A. always B. sometimes C. often D. usually
( ) 5. A. friend B. good C. better D. friends (2004年南昌市中考题)
[答案] CADBD
[分析] 第一个空有的同学可能会选择D。而这里是说感觉跟某人接近或者靠近。第五个空是说有的时候朋友之间也会相处的不好,但是很多时候,朋友之间会和好并且又成为朋友的,这里是become friends again. 而有的学生会选become good, 其实这个答案与上下文不符。
阅读理解
中考英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力,包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评估能力等。
试题中所选的阅读文章题材多样化,涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理 、科学技术等各个方面。(这要求学生平时对各方面的知识都有所积累,做个有心人)体裁多样化,包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格(要求学生能看懂这类阅读材料尤其是时下出题的趋势)等各种文体。它要求学生阅读理解准确率高、阅读速度快。例如:
The airport in Boswell is twenty-one miles from the city. The banks and business offices are in the center of the city. Read these notes from the diary of Mr Reg Simpson.
( )1. Mr Reg Simpson is probably ________.
A. a headmaster B. a travel manager C. a traveler D. an engineer
( ) 2. Nr Nagashima is from ________.
A. Australia B. Japan C. America D. Germany
( ) 3. Mr and Mrs J. Grant will leave Boswell on ________.
A. Tuesday B. Wednesday C. Thursday D. Friday
( ) 4. How many travelers will Mr Reg Simpson meet in just over a week
A. 107 B. 65 C. 35 D. 131
[分析] 通读短文,我们看出Mr Reg Simpson的笔记中是在安排一周内要接待的人,和要为旅客班的事情,所以他是a travel manager。第一题答案为B。第二题很明显。答案为B。 第三题Grant夫妇要在18号离开,看一下日期安排就知道是星期四。答案为C。第四个小题难度比较大,如果读不懂短文也就得不出答案了。将这一周内Mr Reg Simpson接待的所有人加起来,正好是107人。所以答案为A.
书面表达
中考英语书面表达占15分,主要考察学生们综合运用语言的能力,常考的作文类型有:看图作文、日记、书信、写电子邮件、话题作文、自由命题作文等等。近几年来各省市的作文涉及到这些方面。
了解到中考的题型特点,就可以更好的备战中考,下一次我们就讲讲如何进行中考的总复习。
March 2004
15 MON Group of 35 Australian students visiting Boswell---want cheap holiday
16 TUS Mr and Mrs J. Grant arriving from Sydney---need overnight stop at Boswell---leaving early on the 18th air
17 WED Mr Nagashima, Tokyo, arriving for two days business trip
18 THURS 65 German students need two days in a cheap hotel
19 FRI
20 SAT Mr and Mrs Jphnson, from New York city, arriving by air
21 SUN
22 MON Mr and Mrs F. Ray, small inexpensive(便宜的) hotel needed for two days2007年中考英语复习系列讲座(二)
初三的全部课程修完以后,有计划地进行总复习也是很重要的。也许有的老师会认为,总复习就是抛开了课本领着学生复习。其实这样的效果不一定好。中考的复习可以分为三个阶段:基础复习阶段,专题训练阶段,冲刺阶段。
(1) (一) 基础知识复习阶段
这一阶段应该以课本为主线。英语的学习是层层递进、一点一点积累起来的,而我们的复习也应该是细划的,应该再现以前每个阶段所学习的内容,使学生能清楚的认识到什么时候学过什么知识,什么时候在学习上有了差距。可以有针对性的弥补。以课本为主线的另一个好处就是,将知识融于课文中,便于记忆。也有助于知识间的相互联系。
教师还应该做如下的准备:认真研究教学大纲以及新课标对初中五级的内容要求。列出语法、功能意念、话题的重点内容。熟悉掌握考试内容和考察内容。考试内容就是要求认知和掌握的;考察内容是只要求认知,不要求掌握的。下面是有关语法学习的列表:
考试内容 考察内容
名词(复数,所有格,专有名词,可数名词和不可数名词)
代词(人称代词,不定代词,指示代词,疑问代词)
形容词、副词的比较等级及其基本句型
连词
冠词
数词(基数词和序数词)
介词
动词(系动词,助动词,情态动词) 动词种类
动词时态 一般现在时态 过去进行时态
一般过去时态 过去完成时态
一般将来时态 过去将来时态
现在进行时态
现在完成时态
被动语态 一般现在时态的被动语态
一般过去时态的被动语态
一般现在时态带有情态动词的被动语态
动词不定式(作宾语,作宾语补足语,作状语。跟在when, what, how, where, while后面) 动词不定式作主语,作定语。
句子种类 陈述句 句子成分
疑问句 一般疑问句 感叹句
特殊疑问句
选择疑问句
反意疑问句
祈使句
复合句 宾语从句状语从句 so that引导的状语从句
定语从句
功能意念:
1 个人情况 (Personal information)
2 日常生活 (Daily routines)
3 学校生活 (School life)
4 兴趣和爱好 (Interests and hobbies)
5 计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions)
6 节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)
7 购物 (Shopping)
8 饮食 (Food and drink)
9 健康 (Health)
10 天气 (Weather)
11 文娱和体育 (Entertainment and sports)
12 旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)
13 语言学习 (Language learning)
14世界和环境 (The world and the environment)
15 科普技术和现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)
话题:
1. 1. Family, friends and people around
1. 2. Daily life
1. 3. Interests and hobbies
1. 4. Sports, games and entertainment
1. 5. Health
1. 6. Weather
1. 7. Holidays and festivals
1. 8. Food and drinks
1. 9. Clothes
1. 10. Customs and culture
1. 11. The world and the environment
1. 12. Education
1. 13. Popular science
1. 14. Famous people
1. 15. Jobs
在基础知识复习阶段的时候,不要太快,不要赶进度,复习的时间安排可以这样:
七年级 一个课时复习4个单元,共用6个课时完成
八年级 一个课时复习两个单元,共用12个课时完成
九年级 一个课时复习一个单元,共用15个课时完成
老师在课堂中应该以学生为中心,增加学生的参与度和师生互动。每节复习课的内容应该包括几个层面,注意兼顾不同层次的学生。如:今日话题,词汇听写,重点句型,语法聚焦,同义词/近义词辨析,知识链接,中考试题点击等几个方面的内容。下面是第二册上的一个复习教案:
复习教案
1. 1. 重点单词
fun, traffic, matter, wish, second, last, important, never, third, afraid, fifth, east, agree, maybe, quick, start, tired, hurry, die, more, eighth, far, beautiful, autumn, festival, ninth, free, sweet, inside, October, harvest, than, another, delicious, better, twelfth, wait, have to, interesting, slow, grow, hear, most, stop, pick, until, somebody, farming, shall, nothing, show, dangerous, should, feel, fall, finish, cinema, twentieth, back, front, left, right, need, along, turn, meter, keep, around, kilometer, busy, center, popular, quite, strong, was, ill, hope, remember, were, healthy, visit, enjoy, reply, cold, drive, plan, India, went, rain
1. 2. 重点词语
1按时,准时 2 作报告 3 考虑
4 与……不同 5 简称 6 不再
7浪费时间 8 教师节 9 去野外旅行
10 去钓鱼 11 走错路 12 被……绊倒
13 离……远 14 赶快 15 做某事遇到问题
16做某事有乐趣 17 中秋节 18 过来,顺便来访
19 相聚 20 不得不 21 在农村
22 在农场 23 毕业 24 庆祝丰收
25 同意……意见 26 尝一尝 27 在户外,在野外
28 讲嫦娥的故事 29 在陆地上
30 在假期里 31 对某人友好
32 对……感到同情 33 在左边 34 相邻,靠近
35 看电影 36 擅长…… 37 此时,现在
38 在前排 39 在第一个路口向左拐
40 仍然,还是 41 做运动 42 上上下下
43 在购物中心 44 打电话 45 成长,长大
1. 3. 重点句型
1. 1. We are going to have fun learning and speaking English.
1. 2. Thank you for doing sth.
1. 3. Why don’t you talk about names
1. 4. A is better than B.
1. 5. A is the best of all.
1. 6. What do you like better, A or B
1. 7. Which do you like best, A, B or C
1. 8. It is (not) good for animals to stay in cages.
1. 9. I like watching dolphins swim and jump.
1. 10. Shall we meet at…
1. 11. I don’t know where/what/which/how to do…
1. 12. You’d better do sth. (not do sth)
1. 13. Mr. Wang finds it hard to do sth.
1. 14. It’s about seven kilometers away from here.
1. 15. She is better than him at swimming.
1. 16. What day was it yesterday
1. 17. What do you want to be when you grow up
1. 18. Who wasn’t here yesterday Where was he/she
1. 4. 交际用语
1. 1. Welcome to…!
1. 2. Happy teachers’ Day.
1. 3. Best wishes!
1. 4. Let’s discuss how we are going to get there.
1. 5. What do …mean
1. 6. Would you like to come over to my house for Mid-autumn Festival
1. 7. What kind of animals do you have
1. 8. Kate thinks living in town is more interesting than living in the country.
1. 9. She often helps her aunt with her work.
1. 10. This is LinTao speaking.
1. 11. What’s up
1. 12. Shall we go to climb the hill this afternoon
1. 13. Excuse me, where is the nearest…
Is there a …near here
Could you tell me the way to…
1. 14. Thank you all the same.
1. 15. He needs to do sth.
1. 16. I think I can put it right.
1. 17. There was something wrong with it.
1. 18. I’m sorry to hear that.
1. 19. You must look after yourself and keep healthy.
1. 20. I called you last night, but there was no reply. Were you out
1. 5. 词语辨析
1. 1. short for/ for short 16. find/ fin out
1. 2. on time/ in time 17. high/tall
1. 3. maybe/ may be 18. ill/sick
1. 4. question/problem 19. job/work
1. 5. quick/ fast/ soon 20. ago/before
1. 6. tell/speak/say/talk
1. 7. have to/ must
1. 8. another/ the other
1. 9. agree with/ agree to
1. 10. in/ of
1. 11. What…for/ Why
1. 12. bring/take/carry/get
1. 13. past/pass
1. 14. in front of/ in the front of
1. 15. like/love
(1) (一) 专项训练阶段
这一阶段主要是针对中考题型,给学生讲解题思路。
听力的解题方法:
(1) (1) 听句子选信息要能抓住关键的词语。
例如:1. A. in the village B. in the future C. in the picture D. in the fridge
[听力材料]Is there enough food in the fridge for supper
[答案] D
2. Ben’s home is bigger than mine, but Jim’s is smaller.
A. My home is bigger than Ben’s. B. Ben’s home is smaller than Jim’s.
C. Ben’s home is the biggest. D. My home is the smallest.
[答案]C
3. Sue won’t forget to bring the sandwiches.
A. A. She won’t bring the sandwiches. B. Sue will bring the sandwiches.
C. C. Sue forgets bringing the sandwiches.
[答案] B
(1) (2) 听句子选答语的时候要注意问句的应答方式,有的应答方式是固定的,有的句子需要灵活对待的。
例如:1. How was your holiday, Joy
A. By train. B. What about you C. I’m fine. D. I had a wonderful time.
[答案] D
2. Please say hi to mum and dad, Tony.
A. Oh, hi. B. Thanks. I will. C. I didn’t say it. D. That’s a great idea.
[答案] B
3. Would you be interested in climbing with me
A. Let me see. B. Oh, I don’t care. C. No, thanks.
[答案] C
(1) (3) 听对话和问题,选择适当的选项。这一大题属于情景会话题,常考核学生对于对话细节的捕捉,内容包括对话地点、人物职业、时间、价格、数字、电话号码、颜色、天气、国家、活动等,但通过读题,学生可以缩小答题的范围,锁定听力句子中的关键词,并可适当作些记录,帮助自己进行计算或判断。例:
A. A singer B. A student C. A dancer D. A teacher
[听力材料] M: Do you work or study, Sara
W: Well, I study. I’m an art student, but I also work in a small restaurant at the weekend.
M: And your hobby
W: Um…I listen to music. I like dance.
Q: What’s Sara
[答案]D
[听力材料] W: Did you call your parents
M: Yes. It cost 18 yuan.
W: Oh, that’s too dear.
M: Yes, I spent 12 yuan on the three minutes, then 120 fen more on each minute.
Q: How long did the man call his parents
A. A. 8 minutes. B. 10minutes. C. 6 minutes. D. 7 minutes.
[答案]A
[听力材料] W: Excuse me, sir. Is there a hospital near here
M: Yes, there is. It’s behind the supermarket.
W: Thanks. But is there a bus stop around it
M: Yes, there is. It’s in front of the supermarket.
Q: Where is the hospital
A. In front of the supermarket. B. Behind the supermarket.
C. Near the supermarket.
[答案]B
(1) (4) 近年来的中考听力中的听写题多以表格或短文的形式出现。因此,要让学生记住几个原则:(1)顺序原则。出于难度因素考虑,中考听力填词通常是按顺序出题的,即学生只需按考题的顺序,一一等待并捕捉相关的信息,答题即可。(2)格式统一原则。学生在答题后,应注意观察表格前后,上下相关信息的格式。.(3)语法精确原则。老师仍然是提醒学生不要犯语法上的小错误,如名词单复数、动词第三人称单数在一般现在时中加-s等。(4)单词过关原则。表格题中经常要考核到学生对大纲词汇的拼写是否正确,这些词汇常包括人名、国家、国籍、职业、学科、兴趣爱好、活动、活动时间、活动地点等,对同学们的单词拼写要求是相当高的。例如:
[听力材料]
W: Well, my full name is Juliet Anne Eastman. I’m twenty-three years old. I have long brown hair and blue eyes. I guess I’m tall. I’m working as secretary for Micro Works, you know, one of the big international computing companies. Mmm… OK, what do I like Well, on weekends, I like going out and just having fun, you know, like going out to a club or just eating out with friends. I also like sports. I play tennis twice a week. I run every day, and I like swimming as well. When I’m at home I like to just relax and listen to music. Mostly pop music, or watch TV. And I’d really like to meet someone who’s outgoing.
完成表格
Name: Juliet Anne Eastman
Age: 23
Hair: _______1____________
Eyes: Blue
Height: ________2___________
Job: ________3_______in Micro Works
Likes: going out and having fine, ___4_____, music, watching TV
Wants to meet someone who: is _____5_____
1. long brown 2. tall 3. secretary 4. sports 5. outgoing
词汇的解题思路:
词汇题在中考中分为两部分:词语释义和根据汉语提示填写单词。
要做好词语释义题,就要熟悉词语在不同语境中的英文解释。
初中常见同义词释义的有:
at work----be working wear--- be in
look after--- take care of have a look---take a look
Come on! ---Hurry up!/ Be quick! What about… --- How about…
be full of---be filled with What’s wrong ---What’s the matter
want a go---have a try give sb. a hand--- help sb.
at this time---at the moment by bike---on a bike
would like to do sth.----want to do sth. follow---catch/understand/ go behind
at the weekend---on Saturday and Sunday go shopping---go to the shop and buy sth.
a lot of---many/much, lots of right now---now/ at once
a little---a bit outside—in the open air
not…any more---no more graduate---leave school
be good at---do well in next to---beside
in the middle of---in the center of; among have sports ---do sports
always---all the time call sb. ---phone/ telephone sb.
enjoy---like ring up sb. ---call sb.
leave---be away several---a few
enjoy oneself---have a good time at first---first of all
just then---at that moment at noon---at 12:00 o’clock
take one’s place ----instead of all by oneself---alone
look over---examine carefully do one’s best---try one’s best
at last---in the end right away---at once
set off—start room—space
everywhere---here and there at the moment---now
give up---drop protect…from…----keep...from…
make sure---be sure lots of---a lot of
all over---throughout large members of---a lot of
soon---in no time nothing much---be free
fly to---go somewhere by plane/air return---come back/ give back
have to ---must spend…on---pay...for
more than---over become interested in---be interested in
more or less---nearly review—go over
make up one’s mind---decide Hands up!---Put up hands!
also---too across---from one side to the other
be from---come from be amazed at---be surprised at
be able to---can of course ---certainly
fast ---quick/quickly even though---even if
fall behind---fail to catch up more or less---about
except---but century---one hundred years
cross---go across difficult---hard, not easy
different---not the same litter…about---throw about
hardly---almost not have a walk---walk
prefer---like better parent---father or mother
quite---rather pleased---happy, glad
quite a few---many perhaps---maybe
sooner or later---very soon thanks to---with one’s help
shut---close wherever---no matter where
wonderful---great weak---not strong enough
hear from—get/receive a letter from happen---take place
词汇专项训练:
1. We shouldn’t waste paper about.
A. in some places B. here and there C. anytime D. no where
2.Just at the moment, there was a knock on the door.
A. Just now B. Then C. Just then D. At times
3. There are thirty minutes left. Please take your time.
A. in a hurry B. be quickly C. don’t hurry D. do it soon
4. He is a little older than Harry.
A. a bit of B. some C. much D. a bit
5. You can get the information online.
A. in line B. on show C. in the air D. on the Internet
[答案] BCCDD
做单词拼写题时一定要注意所给的汉语意思和语境是否相符,不能只根据汉语意思就草率的写出单词,有些单词就是写出来了,也要注意词形的变化。
例如:
1.Mr Mott lives on the ________(第十) floor of the building.
2. John, give my best _____(祝愿) to your family!
3. What a _____(多云的) day it is today!
4. Bill Gates is the ________(富裕的) person in the world.
5. Let me _______(指) you on the map.
6. It is _______(多) 20 years since her uncle came to Qingdao in 1982.
7. Lin Tao is doing _______(好) in English this term than last term.
8. Jim always ________(赢) me at swimming. I think I need more training.
1. tenth 2. wishes 3. cloudy 4. richest 5. show 6. over 7. better 8. beats
单项选择的解题思路:
由于单项选择题所考查的范围较广,所以要想做好此类题首先要具备扎实的英语基础知识,其次要紧扣语境,抓住关键词。具体应注意以下几点:
(1)复习时要弄清初中阶段所出现的几种主要时态和语态的用法、结构、与之连用的状语及各自的特殊用法。重点要分清现在完成时、一般过去时的用法。对宾语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、比较等级以及它们的用法规则都要一一弄清楚。还要注意固定搭配、习惯用语、动词的时态和语态、动词辨析以及不同词性的词的用法。
(2)在解题方面要突出语境,在语境中选语句和词汇,防止汉语思维的干扰。英语中一些关键词的含义往往是由它所处的语义环境(即上下文)决定的,答题时如忽视了语境,就很容易答错题。
(3)在解题时要注意句型结构和语序。要掌握初中阶段所出现的句型结构,注意宾语从句、状语从句的语序。
(4)掌握习语和日常交际用语。应掌握大纲词汇、习惯用语。由于文化背景和风俗习惯的不同,对于一些日常交际用语应记牢。
请看下面一组练习:
1. He hasn’t told me if he ________ to my birthday party tomorrow.
es B. came C. will come D. would come
2. _______of the teachers in our school are women.
A. Two thirds B. Second thirds C. Two third D. Second threes
3. —Have all the students know that our class will visit the farm this afternoon
—Yes. Every student ____________ about it.
A. tells B. told C. was told D. has told
4. Have a glass of water, please. You _______ be thirsty after a long walk.
A. must B. have to C. should D. can
5. When people are in danger, they would cry out “__________”
A. Save me! Save me! B. Save life! Save life!
C. Help! Help! D. Come on! Come on!
6. ---Do you think you have enough men to carry these chairs
---No. I think we need _______ men.
A. another B. two others C. more two D. two more.
7. Do you know _______
A. what his name is B. what is his name
C. if is there a post office near here D. where is the post office
8. I like ______ better than yours. They are very interesting.
A. him and her B. he and she C. him and she D. his and hers
[答案] AACACDAD
完型填空的解题思路:
完型填空的首句一般都是完整的,其目的是给答题者一个整体思路,我们顺着这个整体思路进行第一遍的“跳读”,也就是不看选项通读全篇。虽然文章已经被“挖”的支离破碎,我们仍能大概分析出它所发生的语言环境是什么样子的。知道了这些以后,思维就会变得具体起来。接下去进行第二遍的诸题攻破,边看边选。这遍做起来是最费时间的,因为每选一个空,都要考虑到有关的语义搭配、固定句式、词组、时态等各个方面。比如,如果选项是动词,那么,考查的可能是时态,动词过去式、过去分词的规则、不规则变化;如果选项是介词,考查的可能是固定搭配或词组;如果选项是连词,则考的可能是上下文的顺承转接等等。.这就要求答题者有较深的基础知识功底,同时,要能做到上下呼应,左右连接。在填完所有的空之后,就进入到了第三遍的纠错过程。这一步要求我们把所有的选项一一对应到相应的空中,把它作为一篇完整的阅读文章来通读、复查。许多学生经常会忽略或意识不到这一步的重要,其实,通过最后一遍的通读,可以通过语感分析出选项是否与语境相吻合,是否与原文协调一致,是否符合应有的逻辑关系。这样看来,这一遍绝对是重中之重、不可或缺的。
例一
Everyone needs friends. We all like to ___1___ close to someone. __2__is nice to have a friend to talk with. __3___ Sometimes we need to be alone. But we would feel lonely if we never had a friend.
No two people are just the same. Friends __4__ don’t get on well. That doesn’t mean that they no longer like each other. Most of the time they will make up and become __5___ again.
( ) 1. A. look B. watch C. feel D. see
( ) 2. A. It B. He C. There D. Someone
( ) 3. A. Hardly B. Nearly C. Suddenly D. Certainly
( ) 4. A. always B. sometimes C. often D. usually
( ) 5. A. friend B. good C. better D. friends (2004年南昌市中考题)
[答案] CADBD
例二
People __1____ use the expression to describe someone who is “show-off”, who tries to show everyone else how __2___ he is. You often hear such __3___ called a “hot dog”. He may be a baseball player for example, who ___4__ the ball with one hand, making a(n) __5__ catch seem more difficult. You know he is a hot dog because when he makes such a catch, he bows to the crowd, hoping to win their __6___.
( ) 1. A. ever B. also C. still D. yet
( ) 2. A. hopeful B. careful C. kind D. great
( ) 3. A. a dog B. a hand C. a person D. an action
( ) 4. A. catches B. plays C. passes D. throws
( ) 5. A. hard B. funny C. exciting D. easy
( ) 6. A. thanks B. cheers C. medals D. matches (2004年北京市中考题)
[答案] BDCADB
阅读理解:
试题中所选的阅读文章题材多样化,涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理 、科学技术等各个方面。(这要求学生平时对各方面的知识都有所积累,做个有心人)体裁多样化,包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格(要求学生能看懂这类阅读材料尤其是时下出题的趋势)等各种文体。它要求学生阅读理解准确率高、阅读速度快。
大致来说,主要针对如下方面:1.文章的个别词或句子,可以给出生词让学生猜意,对此类题目学生应尽量在阅读材料中找定义或解释;
2.文章的某细节或情节;3.文章的主题;4.文章的背景知识;5.文章的结论或结局;6.文章内涵的隐义或寓意等。主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力,包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。
具体来讲主要有以下几种题型:
(一)直接理解性题目:这种题目比较简单,只要通读全文,了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节,就可以解答出来,有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。
(二)语义理解性题目:题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子做出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文,甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。
(三)逻辑推理性题目:这种题目有一定难度,往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后,才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理,才能获得正确答案。
(四)归纳概括性题目:要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题,都需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断,从而获取文章中内隐的信息。
近年来也出现了一些图表和其它形式,如广告、通知等。这就要求学生平时训练时不仅要读一般性的文章,还要注意图表、广告、警示牌、通知等一些应用型文字材料,扩大视野,积累信息。
例题 (2004, 镇江市)
The airport in Boswell is twenty-one miles from the city. The banks and business offices are in the center of the city. Read these notes from the diary of Mr Reg Simpson.
( )1. Mr Reg Simpson is probably ________.
A. a headmaster B. a travel manager C. a traveler D. an engineer
( ) 2. Nr Nagashima is from ________.
A. Australia B. Japan C. America D. Germany
( ) 3. Mr and Mrs J. Grant will leave Boswell on ________.
A. Tuesday B. Wednesday C. Thursday D. Friday
( ) 4. How many travelers will Mr Reg Simpson meet in just over a week
A. 107 B. 65 C. 35 D. 131
[答案] BBDA
书面表达解题思路:
这种题型属主观性试题,具有较大的灵活性,主要考查学生综合运用语言的书面表达做得好坏,主要靠平时功夫,靠基本功。但若能掌握一定的方法,定能充分发挥自己的水平,取得较好的成绩能力,能级要求高。我们在做书面表达题时要注意:
1、仔细审题,吃透要求。
对题目所提供的信息,一定要认真分析,审题中要确定(1)几个要点(2)要用哪些习语,句型表达(3)时态和语态(4)过渡词用什么。还要弄清楚该题目究竟要表达什么,把提供的汉语提示多读几遍,理解透它的要求,并将所规定的内容及要求重新进行整理组织,使它条理化,再以合适的口气,身份从适当的角度进行表达。认真审题,不仅能防止跑题,还能确定文章的体裁和格式。
2、明确内容,把握要点。
中考书面表达有一个特点,即要求学生表达的内容,在提示中都已交待清楚,我们在做题时必须明确这些内容,把握住全部要点、理清脉络,既不能无中生有,写与主题无关的内容,更不能漏掉要点。考试时时间紧迫,但至少也有打个腹稿,做到胸有成竹,这样才会一气呼成。
3、组织语言,连句成篇。 这是整个写作过程的关键环节。要围绕审题时确定的要点,按一定的顺序扩写。
4、全面检查,认真修改。许多学生认为文章写完后,就万事大吉了。殊不知,往往正是由于忽略这一步,将会失去即将到手的分数。在初稿完成后,应通读全文,进行细心的检查。
例题: (2004年上海)
1用所给情景和提示发一份email
Suppose you are Mingming. You have a cousin called Pingping of your own age in Jingsu Province. You’ve got his e-mail yesterday. Send you e-mail to him according to the hints in the box.
例二
根据提示和要求完成下面的短文。文章的开头已经给出。
你澳大利亚的同学Mike患了感冒,去药店买了一盒药。请你根据药品说明,向他解释一下,并告诉他如何预防感冒。
[参考答案] This medicine is used for curing cough, headache and something like that caused by cold. Take one or two pills each time, and three times a day before meals. Sometimes you might feel like sleeping after you take it. But it doesn’t matter. Don’t have fish, wine or hot food these days while you’re taking this medicine. And you will be fine in three or five days.
By the way, I think you’d better take good care of yourself and keep healthy. For example, put on more clothes when you go outside on a cold day, keep the air in your room clean, and have more water, fruit and vegetables. And the most important of all, do more sports every day to be stronger.
I wish you’ll be all right soon.
例三
提示作文:你们办组织了一次有关交通安全注意事项的讨论。请你联系实际参与讨论,把你的意见整理一下,写成一段80—100左右的短文。
你可以整理出以下的关键词或者句子。
1.You mustn’t run or play games on the road.
2. If you want to cross the road, You should wait for the traffic light to turn green.
3. When you go by bike, you should be careful, don’t carry anyone on your bike because it’s not safe.
4. get on the bus, wait in line. Get off the bus, don’t push others.
(1) (二) 冲刺阶段
冲刺部分主要分为两个方面,前期为综合训练阶段,即模拟考试阶段,这一阶段主要是
热身,为考试做准备。每次模拟之后,教师都要做详细的分析,即使提醒学生哪里有遗漏。如何补救。这时学生要做好笔记,每次考试完了对于以前错过的试题要做好笔记。这些都是最后冲刺的时候要避免犯的错误。最后,在冲刺阶段要做好心态和心理的调整。以最佳的状态迎接考试。
March 2004
15 MON Group of 35 Australian students visiting Boswell---want cheap holiday
16 TUS Mr and Mrs J. Grant arriving from Sydney---need overnight stop at Boswell---leaving early on the 18th air
17 WED Mr Magashima, Tokyo, arriving for two days business trip
18 THURS 65 German students need two days in a cheap hotel
19 FRI
20 SAT Mr and Mrs Jphnson, from New York city, arriving by air
21 SUN
22 MON Mr and Mrs F. Ray, small inexpensive(便宜的) hotel needed for two days
You have known his school life.
He asked for some papers from your school.
Tell about your school life.
Greet his family.
Ask him to get some papers in the attachments(附件).
服用说明
[适应症] 适用于感冒引起的咳嗽、头疼等症状。
[用法与用量] 饭前服用。一次1—2片,一天3次,疗程3—5天。
[不良反应] 偶有瞌睡感。
[禁忌] 服药期间忌鱼、酒、辛辣食品。