Module 1-2 Bernard Shaw’’s Pygmalion(广东省韶关市)

课件51张PPT。选修9
Module1
Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion广东省翁源县龙仙中学
何长江
QQ：249178459Module1 Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion
Pygmalion: 【希神】皮格梅隆(塞浦路斯国王,
热恋自己雕的少女像)
Goals
1.To improve reading ability
for main ideas and details
2.To learn some useful words
and expressions in the text
3.To know about something
of a playIntroduction and reading (Background information )
Something about the author Bernard Shaw
George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) -Biography
Bernard Shaw and his works
[英]萧伯纳 George Bernard Shaw (1956-1950) 英国戏剧家。
生于爱尔兰首都都柏林。父亲是破落贵族，母亲是很有才能的音乐
家。他从1879年开始文学活动，一生共写剧本五十多部（还有小说
和其他著作）数量之多，在英国文学我上前无古人。他敢于无情地
挑破社会的脓疮、人性的伪装，所产生的惊世骇俗的力量，也是英
国文学史上前无古人的。他1925年获得诺贝尔文学奖。其主要剧作
有《华伦夫人的职业》、《康蒂妲》、《魔鬼的门徒》、《人与超
人》、《茅屋巴拉少校》、《苹果国》、《真相毕露》等。他写的
《易卜生主义的精华》一书，是现代欧洲戏剧史上的一部重要论著。 萧伯纳戏剧的艺术特色——幽默和讽刺。他特别喜欢运用的手法是：使剧中人物发出似非而是的妙论，不仅使人笑、使权人啼，而且特
别使人深省。萧伯纳的剧作、语言生动、机智、慑人心魄，是公认
的英国口语和对白的大师。 Reading And Vocabulary(1) P2
Part1:(Pygmalion—the Play)
Before we read the text, we should firstly study some
New words which appear in the story.
Well, look at these words and try to read them, then
practice the spelling exercises.
1.myth
2.refined
3.class
4.base
5.uneducated
6.appearance
7.charming
8.domineering n.神话, 神话式的人物(或事物), 虚构的故事, 荒诞的说法adj.精制的, 优雅的, 精确的n.班级,阶级,社会等级,种类,(一节)课 vt.把...分类(或分等级)n.底部, 基础, 根据地, 基地, 本部, 基数, (运动)出发点
vt.以...作基础, 基于... adj.卑鄙的, 低级的adj.没有受过教育的, 无知的n.出现, 露面, 外貌, 外观adj.令人高兴的，可爱的,迷人的, 娇媚的adj.盛气凌人的,极权的, 作威作福的9.rebel
10.theme
11.explore
12.enormous
13.accustomed
14.adopt 15.dramatist
16.delightful
17.personality
18.attractive
19.complexion
20.sophisticated
21.creature
22.independent n.造反者, 叛逆者, 反抗者, 叛乱者
adj.造反的, 叛逆的, 反抗的 v.造反, 反叛, 反抗, 叛乱n.(谈话, 写作等的)题目, 主题, 学生的作文, 作文题,
[音乐] 主题, 主题曲, 主旋律v.探险, 探测, 探究adj.巨大的, 庞大的, <古>极恶的, 凶暴的adj.通常的, 习惯的, 按照风俗习惯的vt.采用, 收养n.剧作家adj.令人愉快的, 可喜的n.个性,人格,人物,名人, (用复数)诽谤、人身攻击adj.吸引人的, 有魅力的n.面色, 肤色, 情况, 局面adj.诡辩的, 久经世故的n.人, 动物, 傀儡, 创造物n.中立派, 无党派者
adj.独立自主的, 不受约束的23.well-built
24.beard
25.confident
26.likeable
27.insensitiveadj.体格健美的，体型匀称的n.胡须adj.自信的, 确信的adj.(=likable)可爱的, 令人喜爱的adj.对...没有感觉的, 感觉迟钝的 Read the following sentences and write a proper word from the box above to meet the needs of the meaning of the sentences.
1.A landlord belongs to the upper c________ before
liberation in China.
2.The Party must b____ itself upon the interests of
the people.
3.She was excited enough to speak in an unnaturally
r______ accent.
4.It’s very c________ of you to come to my birthday. classesbaserefinedcharming5.The scientists are e________ ways and means of
solving the problem.
6.Everyone enjoys the d________ weather in Kunming,
Yunnan.
7.There is much goods a________ in price and quality in
the supermarket.
8.A person should be i____________ in life when he is
eighteen years old.
9.Never be d____________ in your behavior towards
the poor.
10.Most farmers living in the countryside are
i___________to the state affairs. exploringdelightfulattractiveindependentdomineeringinsensitiveExplanations of the text(part1)
一.Read the text(part1)carefully,then do Exercise4 on
page4
二. Explanations of the text(part1)
Main idea of paragraph 1 :Pygmalion is based on a myth
1.There is a classical Greek myth in which a king,
Pygmalion, carves a statue of a beautiful woman.
1).classical adj.古典的, 正统派的, 古典文学的
.a classical scholar.古典文学家
.Chinese classical poetry.中国古典诗歌
.a classical work by Mozart.莫扎特的古典主义作品
2). carves a statue of--- 雕刻---雕像
2.The statue comes to life, and the king falls in love
with the woman he has created and marries her.
comes to life v.活过来,苏醒过来, 变得活跃, 显得逼真
相关短语:1).as big as life 与实物一般大小确确实实存在的
2).bring to life使恢复知觉;使活跃;使生动;使逼真
3).for dear life 拼命地，绝望地：
.I ran for dear life when I saw the tiger.
当我看到老虎时，我感到绝望了
4).for life=Till the end of one's life.
终生直到生命终结
5).for the life of (one)=Though trying hard:
无论如何：
.For the life of me I couldn't remember his name.
我无论如何也想不起他的名字
6).not on your life 绝对不；无论如何也不
7).take (one's) life=To commit suicide. 自杀
8).take (someone's) life=To commit murder.谋杀
9).the good life=A wealthy, luxurious way of living.
富裕、奢侈的生活方式10).the life of Riley=An easy life. 轻松舒适的生活
11).the life of the party
聚会的灵魂人物在社交场合是人们注意的焦点的活跃
的、有趣的人
12).to save (one's) life=No matter how hard one tries:
无论如何不论某人多么努力
.He can't ski to save his life.他无论如何也不会滑雪
13).true to life=Conforming to reality. 栩栩如生的
fall in love with v.爱上
3.Shaws’s most famous play, Pygmalion, is based
on this myth.
1).base vt based, basing
（与on, upon连用）根据；基于
.This news report is based entirely on fact.
这篇新闻报导是完全根据实际情况写成的。 .Judgment should be based on facts, not on hearsay.
判断应该以事实为依据,而不应该依靠道听途说。
.One should always base one's opinions on facts.
意见应以事实为根据。
Main idea of paragraph 2 :
Higgins decides to teach Eliza and change her into a real lady in polite society.
1.Pymalion is a comedy about a pronunciation expert called Professor Henry Higgins.
1).comedy n.喜剧, 喜剧性的事情
2.Higgins, as a kind of experiment, tries to make a lady out of an uneducated girl called Eliza Doolittle, who sells flowers in the street.
作为一种实验,希金斯想把一个未受过教育.在街头买花的姑娘伊莱札.杜利特尔培养成一个淑女.1).make out of v.用...制造, 理解, 了解
make a lady out of sb 把---培养成一个淑女
常见的相关短语:
A. make believe 假装
B. make big [美,俚](在自已的事业中)取得显著成绩;飞黄腾达
C. make for有利于...,有助于...造成;促进 走向;冲向;袭击
D. make known 使知晓; 传达
E. make like [美俚]模仿
F. make up 弥补; 补偿; 赔偿; 补足; 补(考)
虚构; 捏造 ;组成 ;调停; 和解
结算(帐目); 整理(房间等); 准备(床铺等); 包装
化装; 打扮; 偿还, 还清
G. make up for 补偿, 弥补
H. make up to 接近, 巴结; 追求(女人); 和(某人)调情3.He bets a friend called Pickering, that he can not
only teach the girl to speak well,but also to behave
in a refined way, so that those who meet her
believe she is a real lady.
他跟朋友皮克林打赌说他不仅能教会姑娘谈吐文明,而且还能让她举止高雅,让每个见到她的人都相信她是位真正的淑女.
1).bet=To make or place a bet.bet;or betted betting;
n.赌, 打赌 v.赌, 赌钱
bet sb=to make a bet with:与…打赌
I bet them that we would be first.
我跟他们打赌我们会得第一
2).behave行为得体,守规矩
3).in a refined way用一种优雅的方式4.He decides to do this because he wants to prove
that social class is about “appearance” only.
1).social class 社会地位
5).Higgins believes that class is not connected with
your true character, it is connected with how your
appear to others, how you talk and behave.
1).connect vt.连接,把...联系起来;接通（电源， 电话等）
联想,联系;使有关,使发生关系
connect the gas stove with the gas pipe.
将煤气炉和煤气管接起来。
B. connect Dalian with the sea 提到大连就想到海
C. Their families are now connected by marriage.
他们两家现已联姻。
D.I was again connected to the wrong person.
又给我接错了电话。
2).is not connected with和...有联系， 和...有关5.Eliza goes to stay with Higgins and his friend
Pickering, and helps to look after the house while
receiving lessons from Higgins in how to speak
correctly.
1).stay with 在...家作客; 把...坚持或继续下去;
跟着...不离开;[美]与...结婚;继续听...说下去
常见的相关短语:
A. stay out 呆在外, 不在家; 呆到...的结束; 继续罢工
B. stay out of 不参与...; 不插手; 置身于...之外
C. stay put [美]安装牢固, 原位不动
D. stay still 静止不动
E. stay up 不睡, 熬夜; 站[浮]起; 继续留在悬挂的位置上.
6.She slowly changes, becoming a beautiful and
charming young woman.
1).charming adj.迷人的, 娇媚的7.Higgins introduces Eliza to polite society, which
accepts that Eliza is a “lady”, and the professor
wins his bet.
希金斯把伊莱札介绍进上流社会,人人都认为伊莱札是个淑女,教授的赌打赢了.
Main idea of paragraph 3 :
The relationship between Eliza and Higgins changes.
1.However, Higgins is domineering in his behaviour
towards Eliza, and does not treat her well.
1).domineering adj.盛气凌人
然而,希金斯在伊莱札面前盛气凌人,不把她当回事.2.The girl is half in love with Higgins, but to the
professor, Eliza is more like a daughter or servant
whom he needs and has become fond of.
姑娘开始喜欢上了希金斯,不过对教授来说,伊莱札更像
他的女儿,或者说是一个他需要并开始爱上了的女仆.
1). be in love with 与...恋爱, 迷恋
be half in love with 开始喜欢上了
fall in love with 爱上
2).become fond of 喜爱
be fond of 喜爱, 爱好
3.Eliza rebels against Higgins, who finally has to
accept that she has become a strong and
independent young woman.
伊莱札对希金斯开始反抗,教授最后不得不承认她已经
成为坚强独立的年轻女子.
1).rebel against 反抗4.Realising that Higgins will never really love her, Eliza leaves the house and marries a young man who she knows cares a lot for her.
伊莱札意识到希金斯永远不会真正爱上她,就搬出去嫁给了一位她知道一直很关心她的年轻人.
1).marry=be married to vt.娶, 嫁, 和...结婚
They married in their twenties.
他们是二十多岁结的婚
B. I am going to marry John. 我要和约翰结婚了。
C. Are you maarried or single? 你结婚了还是单身?
D. He is a married man. 他是个已结了婚的男人。
2).care for
(1).喜欢 I don't care for tea. 我不喜欢喝茶。
(2).照顾；照料；抚养
A. He's good at caring for sick animals.
他精心照料生病的牲畜。B. Uncle Dick is very good at caring for sick animals.
狄克大叔照管生病的动物,很在行。
5.They start a flower shop, helped by Higgins and
Pickering, with whom she remains good friends.
Main idea of paragraph 4 :
The play explores the theme of relationships between men and women.
1.As well as the theme of class, Shaw explores
relationships between men and women.
萧伯纳不仅探究了男女之间关系这个主题,同时也探究 了社会等级这个主题.
A. as well as conj. 既…又：
(1). courageous as well as strong.既健康又勇敢
B. as well as=in addition to prep. 都
(2).The editors as well as the proofreaders are
working overtime. 编辑和校对者都在加班工作
C. as well as adv. 也, 又2.It is clear that Higgins treats women as objects.
显然希金斯只把女人当物品看待.
1).treat as 对待; 看待; 处置
treat sb. as a friend 把某人当作朋友
3.Eliza,however,insists that Higgins (should) respect
her and the story ends with her winning his respect.
但伊莱札坚持认为希金斯应该尊重她,在故事的结 尾也
赢得了他的尊重.
end with 以...结束
常见相关短语:
A. end up with 以告终
B. end to end 首尾相接地
C. end up 竖起, 直立; 结束, 告终; 死
D. without end 无尽期的[地], 无休止的[地]
E. end for end 两端倒转过来, 倒个头4.A famous film called My Fair Lady was made from
the play in 1964.
Type of writing : This is a description of a play.
General idea of the passage :
The passage describes the main characters,
their personalities, appearances and the theme of the play, Pygmalion written by Bernard Shaw. Brief introduction of the famous film My Fair(仙女的) Lady
Eliza Doolittle原是伦敦市的一名卖花女，在一次偶
然的情况下遇见了以能听出别人口音而自傲的Professor
Henry Higgins；Professor Henry Higgins与Colonel
Hugh Pickering打赌说, 他能将口音其糟无比、讲话粗
鲁无文的Eliza改造成 能讲标准英文的淑女。Eliza就住在
Professor Henry Higgins家中，受了一阵子语言训练。
最后两人认为已经训练有成，便带Eliza去了一个盛大的
宫廷舞会。在场人士都不知道Eliza的出
身，女王还对Eliza大加赞赏。Professor?
Higgins自傲 于自己的成功，完全忽略
了Eliza的感受。Eliza大怒之下，跑到相
当喜欢她的Mrs. PEARCE家中诉苦。她
走了之后，Professor Higgins才发现不
能没有她。最后Eliza回到Professor家
中，两人言归于好。 Explanations of the text(part2) P3
Part2: Extract(摘录, 选粹)from Pygmalion
一.Read the text(part1)carefully,then do Exercise5 on
page4
二. Explanations of the text(part2)
PICKERING: (gently) What is it you want, my girl?
ELIZA:I want to be a lady in a flower shop instead of
selling on a street corner. But they won’t take
me unless I can talk better. He said he could
teach me. Well, here I am ready to pay him
and he treats me as if I was dirt
1).instead of 代替; 而不是; 不...而...
(1).ordered chicken instead of fish. 点了鸡而不是鱼
(2).If you cannot go, he'll go instead of you.
如果你不能去, 他愿替你去。2).be ready to 愿意的;准备的
(1).be ready to die for the country 愿意为国捐驱
(2).be ready to help 愿意帮忙
(3). He is always ready enough to help us.
他随时都准备来帮助我们。
(4). I asked her if she was ready to go with her
husband and she nodded.
"我问她是否愿意和她丈夫一起走,她点点头。"
3).dirt 垃圾;污物;尘土;泥土;粪便;排泄物
没有价值的东西;被冷落或蔑视的人
treat sb. like dirt 把某人看得一文不值Mrs PEARCE: How can you think you could afford to
pay Mr Higgins?
1.afford vt.[常与can, could, be able to 连用]
担负得起费用(损失、后果等), 花费得起, 经受
得住; 抽得出(时间)
给与, 提供; 出产, 发出
1).can't afford to buy sth.买不起...
2).Can you afford $12000 for ...?
你花得起12000美元买…吗？
3).can't afford to waste sth.浪费不起
4).It affords pleasure to me.这使我很高兴。
5).The land affords wheat.这地出产小麦。
ELIZA:Why shouldn’t I? I know what lessons cost as
well as you do; and I’m ready to pay.HIGGINS:How much do you suggest you pay me for
the lessons?
ELIZA: Oh, I know what’s right. I won’t give more
than a shilling. Take it or leave it.
HIGGINS: You know, Pickering, if you consider a
shilling, not as a simple shilling, but as a
percentage of this girl’s income, it’s a
great deal of money. It’s enormous! It’s the
biggest offer I ever had.
你要知道,皮克林,若你不把一先令看成简单的一先令,而是这个姑娘收入的一部分,那可就是一大笔钱了.真是一大笔钱啊!那是我得到过的最大一笔钱了.PICKERING: Higgins, I’m interested. What about the
ambassador’s(n.大使) party? I’ll say
you’re the greatest teacher alive if you
can take her to it, and make people
believe she’s a lady. I’ll bet you that
you can’t do it. And I’ll pay for the
lessons.
------ 如果你带她去,并能让大家相信她是个淑女的话,我就承认你是世上最伟大的老师.-------.
alive adj. [常作表语或后置定语]
活的; 活着的, 在世的
活泼的, 活跃的
热闹的; 充满着...的(with)
敏感的; 注意到的(to)
继续活动的, 继续有效的; 运行中的; 作用着
的; 通有电流的, 带电的, 加有电压的1.The fish we caught is still alive. 我们所捕的鱼还活着。
2.He is alive with enthusiasm. 他热情奋发。
3.The news of victory kept us alive in excitement.
胜利的消息使我们兴奋。
4.The lake was alive with fish. 这湖中有很多鱼。
5.Keep the principles of liberty alive.
使自由的原则永存。
ELIZA: Oh, you are real good. Thank you ,sir.
哦,你真好.谢谢了,先生.
句中本该用副词really的地方用了real,就是为了说明姑娘的语言不规范.不过应当注意,在当代英语口语,尤其美式口语,real已可作副词了.
HIGGINS: She’s so wonderfully dirty!
ELIZA: Ah-oooo(啊啊哦哦)!!! I’m not dirty! I washed
my face and hands before I come, I did. I’m a
good girl, I am.PICKERING: You’re not exactly polite to her, Higgins
HIGGINS: (becoming excited) What is life but one
challenge after another? The difficulty is
finding them. Never lose a chance: it
doesn’t come every day. I shall make a
queen out of this street girl!
ELIZA: Ah-oo!
HIGGINS: Yes, in six months I’ll take her anywhere
and pass her off as anything. We’ll start
today-now! This moment! Take her away
and clean her, Mrs Pearce.
------ 我要带她出席任何场合,让她冒充任何身份.------.
1.pass her off as 把某物/某人冒充某物/某人
pass off glass as a gemstone. 用玻璃冒充宝石Reading part 2
1.Type of writing:
This is an extract from the play Pygmalion.
2.General idea of the extract:
Pickering persuades Higgins to help Eliza and tells
him to be polite to her. Higgins accepts.
3.Higgins’ personalities:
Impolite(无礼的, 粗鲁的), greedy, decisive(果断的).
4.Eliza’s personalities:
Confident, strong, independent, friendly, thankfulReading and answering questions
Read part one Pygmalion—the Play and part two
Extract from Pygmalion in detail and answer the
following questions
1.Why is the play called Pygmalion?
2.What does Higgins want to do with Eliza? Because there is a classical Greek myth in which a
king, Pygmalion, carves a statue of a beautiful
woman. Then the statue comes to life, and the king
falls in love with the woman and marries her. The
play is based on the myth, so it is called Pygmalion. Higgins, a professor, as a kind of experiment,
wants to make a lady out of an uneducated girl
called Eliza Doolittle,who sells flowers in the street.3.How does Eliza change?
4.Does the Extract in part two come from the
beginning, the middle or the end of the play?
Say why you think so?
Eliza then goes to stay with Higgins and his friend Pickering receiving lessons from him .
in how to speak correctly. She slowly changes, becoming a beautiful and charming young woman, a lady also in polite society.I think the extract comes from the beginning of the play. Because Eliza sells flowers on a street corner and can’t talk better. She prepares to learn to speak following Higgins .5.How does Higgins treat Eliza?
6.How does Eliza win Higgins’ respect?
Higgins treats Eliza as if she were dirt.With the help of Mr. Pickering, Eliza wins Higgins’ respect.Reading And Vocabulary(2) P8
Turn to page 8 and read the passage fast and then
choose the best title within seven minutes.
Which is the best title of the passage?
A. Shaw’s heroes and heroines
B. Eliza Doolittle and Professor Higgins
C. Lovely Eliza, unkind Higgins
D. Eliza and Higgins – the way they changeD. Eliza and Higgins – the way they changeExplanations of the text(P8)
Main idea of paragraph1:
Shaw used the characters in his plays to express his ideas. He often succeeded in creating very real characters, and Eliza and Higgins are two of Shaw’s most delightful creations.1.Bernard Shaw,perhaps more than most dramatists,
used the characters in his plays to express his
ideas.
1).more than超过,胜过
(1).I like football more than swimming.
我喜爱足球胜过游泳。
(2).I'm afraid I've eaten more than enough.
我怕我是吃得过多了。
(3).He is more intelligent than his brother.
他比他哥哥更聪明。
2).more or less 差不多；或多或少
(1).We hope our explanation will prove more or less
helpful.
希望我们的说明或多或少有些帮助。 3).no more 也不；都不
(1).He can't afford a new car, and no more can I.
他买不起新车，我也买不起。
4).the more ..., the more ...越…越…
(1).The more angry he became, the more she
laughed at him. 他越生气，她就越笑他。
5).the more ..., the less ... 越…越不…
(1).The more difficult the questions are, the less
likely I am to be able to answer them.
问题越困难，我就越不可能回答。
2.However, he often succeeded in creating
very real characters, and Eliza Doolittle and
professor Henry Higgins are two of Shaw’s most
delightful creations.
但他通常能够塑造真实的人物形象,伊莱札.杜利特尔与
亨利.希金斯教授就是萧伯纳塑造的最受欢迎的两个人物.Main idea of paragraph 2:
Eliza develops in both appearance and personality.
1.What is most interesting about Eliza is the way
that she develops, both in appearance and
personality.
关于伊莱札最有趣的是外表以及性格上的转变.
2.In his first description of her, Shaw describes her
as “not at all an attractive person”.
3.He says that “she needs---a dentist”, and that
“compared to the ladies she is very dirty”.
他说“她需要---看牙医”,还说“与淑女们相比,他太脏了”.
“she needs---a dentist” “她需要---看牙医”,
意思是说她说话不雅,谈吐粗俗.
4.Six months later, she looks very different. 5.Her pretty complexion and sophisticated clothes
make her appearance so beautiful that when she
enters a room, everyone stands up!
1).complexion 面色；肤色；气色
2).sophisticated 老练的;精致的;成熟的,;完善的
Main idea of paragraph 3:
Eliza learns to speak correctly and act like a lady.
1.Eliza, taught by Henry Higgins, learns to speak
correctly and to act like a lady.
2.But what Higgins does not expect is the deep
changes that take place in Eliza.
3.When we first meet Eliza she has no manners, but
says whatever comes into her head, without
thinking.
我们最初见到伊莱札时,她一点也不懂礼貌,想到什 么就
说什么,一点儿不经过大脑.
manners(复) n.礼貌4.At the same time, she is unable to express herself.
5.For example, when Higgins is rude to her, she
cries “Aa-oo” rather than make an actual reply.
比如,希金斯对她无礼是她不会真正地还击,而只是啊啊
哦哦.
(1).rather than (而不是; 宁愿…而不)
(2).other than (不同于; 除了)
1).I would rather study in China than go to America.
2).I, rather than you, ought to do the work.
3).The truth is quite other than what you think
(事实同你想的完全不同)
4). All parts of the computer other than the mouse
are in good condition.
(除了鼠标外, 电脑的其他部分都很好)6.However, by the time of the ambassador’s party,
Eliza is a very different creature, able to express
her deepest feelings.
7.She has become strong and independent, a young
woman who is able to ask for what she needs and
wants.
Main idea of paragraph 4:
Higgins is also very likeable(可爱的, 令人喜爱的).
1.Shaw describes Professor Higgins as a well-built,
lively man in his early forties.
萧伯纳把希金斯教授描绘成一个四十出头,体格健壮,很
有活力的人.
2.He has a beard and a moustache(小胡子) and a
high forehead, “the scientific type--- careless
about himself and other people, including their
feelings”.
------专心搞学问的那类人---对自己和别人,包括别人的
情感都很粗心.
3.Higgins does not change in the way that he will
never love her the way that she could love him, if
he allowed it.
4.However, the professor is extremely honest,
amusing(有趣的)and confident, with no real
unkindness, and as a result he is very likeable.
1).result vi.
result from 起于,由于,由...而造成
result in 导致,终于造成 ...结果,结果;致使(1).Nothing has resulted from his efforts.
他的努力终成泡影。
(2).Acting before thinking always results in failure.
做事不先考虑总会导致失败。
(3).The accident resulted in the death of two people.
这场意外事故造成两人死亡。
as a result 因此; 结果
as a result of 作为...的结果; 由于.
(1). As a result, there is often trouble in American
families.
因此,美国家庭中常常会出现麻烦事。5.We recognise Higgins as a certain type of person
who we all know, the insensitive but brilliant
professor who is interested in ideas rather than
people.
我们把希金斯看作是我们所熟悉的某一类人:不顾别人感
受但才华横溢的教授,只是整日思考问题而对人不敢兴趣.
1).recognize(treat,consider,look on,regard,take,see,)
+ sth./ sb. + as…...(把...看作...)
(1).The American treats China as his homeland.
(2).My teacher regards me as her own son and helps
me a lot.
(3).I recognize my manager as a well-educated man.
2).be interested in 对...感兴趣[关心]
have[show, take] (an) interest in 对...有兴趣[关心]
have no interest for [to] 对...没有兴趣
take [feel, have] no [not much] interest in
对...不[不太]感兴趣Read the first two passages in Module 1 again. Complete the table with words or phrases to describe Eliza and Higgins.(P9)2. A diagram of the text 人性,仁慈Complete the following sentences
1.I am friendly to my manager, but_______________
______________________(他对我总是盛气凌人的样子)
2.My son ________________(时而反抗) me, and I
have to accept that _________________
_____________________
(他已成为一个独立的青年人)
3.When I arrived the hospital, my daughter
________________________ (已经醒过来了)
4.The young man watched the quarter-final line-up
for the 2006 FIFA World Cup having no word with
me, _______________________________________
(好像我根本不懂足球)
5.Can you guess ____________________
(谁会在这次比赛中取胜) he is always
domineering towards me. sometimes rebels he has becomes an
independent young man. had already come to herself. as if I had known nothing about football at all. who will win this match? 6.“Will you accept the challenge?”
“__________________________(会的, 我已说过)”
7.__________________________(这样做没好处),
you’d better have a formal talk with your husband.
8.It is clear that he will never lover her____________
_________________ (象她爱他那样)
9.When Higgins _____________(对她不礼貌), she
cries “Aa-oo” ____________________________
(而不作实际的回答)
10.__________________(如果你是个自信的人), you
are sure of your abilities and opinions.“Yes, I have already said so.” It’s no good doing like this, the way that
she could love him. is rude to her, rather than make an actual reply. If you are confident, CULTURAL CORNER(P13)
Doolittle’s Monologue
1.I’m making a gentleman of me that I object to.
这是想把我弄成一个绅士呀,我可不想!
object to.反对,讨厌:
1).The general public objects to the use of drugs.
大众反对使用毒品。
2).I object to all this noise. 我反对一切噪音。
2.Now I am worried, tied neck and heels; and
everybody touches me for money.
现在我很烦啊!浑身上下都不自在,每个人都来向我讨钱.
neck and heels 全身,从头到脚3.When I was a poor man and had a solicitor once,
he got shut of me as quick as he could.
我是个穷光蛋的时候有过一个律师,他总是快快地就把我
打发了.
get shut of=get rid of 摆脱,打发掉
4.Same with the doctors: used to shove me out of
the hospital before I could hardly stand on my legs,
and nothing to pay.
那些医生也是一样;我没钱给他们,他们就常常在
我还很虚弱的时候就把我推出医院的大门.
same with the doctors=It’ the same with the doctors
5.That’s where you’ll come in; and I dare say
that’s what you done it for
这就是你惨和进来的原因,而且我敢说这就是你的目的.Looking and talking in English
The following is an introduction of a Chinese play named No One Less. Look at the Chinese material and try to talk about it with your desk mate in English.
《一个都不能少》(No One Less) 水泉小学的高老师在回家 看望病重的母亲，村长从邻村找到魏敏芝给高老师代一个月课。高老师临走时再三叮嘱魏敏芝，一定要把学生看住，一个都不能少。魏敏芝整天让学生 抄课文，每天清点人
数，谁要把学生弄走，就跟谁急，连村长的
话也不听。十岁的张慧科因家欠债无力偿还，
不得不失学到城里打工。魏敏芝记住高老师
临行前的叮嘱，决心把慧科找回来。她打听
到张慧科在城里的住处，单身一人踏上了进
城之路，十三岁的魏敏芝开始了茫茫人海里
的寻找…… Key for reference:
Mr. Gao, who is teaching in Shuiquan primary school, is going home to look after his mother who is seriously ill. The village head asks Miss Wei Minzhi, a thirteen-year-old girl, to teach the students instead of Gao. Gao tells Wei to keep everyone at school, no one less. Miss Wei makes the students stay in the classroom all the day and counts them now and then. A student, who is named Zhang Huike and just ten years old, has to go to work in the city because of his family’s trouble. Wei decides to look for the boy in the city to bring him back to school. Module1 Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion
Part One: Teaching Design
第一部分: 教学设计
Goals
To improve reading ability for main ideas and details
To learn some useful wards and expressions in the text
To know about something of a play
Period 1: Introduction and reading
(Pygmalion—the Play)
Procedures
Step 1: Warming up
1. Warming up by introducing
Hello, class. Today we’re going to learn Unit 1. This unit is a common knowledge about a famous author named Bernard Shaw and his creation Pygmalion. Now I will introduce the author and the play briefly to you. Listen to me carefully please.
Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion is a fantastic play everyone should read. This play is great for many reasons. It explores the problems of class and love in early 20th century England. Shaw’s brilliant character description of the arrogant（傲慢）and rude but highly intelligent Higgins and the straightforward, strong and intelligent Eliza lead the audience to love the characters and be absorbed by the story. Higgins’ many unpleasant words to Eliza are cruel, but the audience should not overlook his better points, such as his goal of creating a better society through knowledge and elimination（根除） of class and prejudices（偏见）. Higgins, representing Shaw’s own beliefs, believes that, by using phonetics, accents could be eliminated and therefore, with everyone speaking the same way, society would become classless. Higgins is sexist. He never thinks much of women. Eliza, though, wants love — someone who cares for her and respects her. She finds this in Freddy. He is not worthy of her due to his foolish nature, but she accepts him anyway.
It can be seen that she does not truly belong to either the lower or middle class. She cannot go back to being a flower girl, however she does not feel completely at ease in the middle class.
Alfred Doolittle is a good example of the new upwardly mobile middle class. Doolittle provides much comic relief throughout the play. His comments on “middle-class morality” sound true. Pickering just serves as a contrast to Higgins. He treats Eliza well. Shaw’s ending is brilliant as it does not stick to the usual romantic ending, where the reader would expect Eliza and Higgins to have a romantic relationship. The fact is that Higgins became Eliza’s teacher. They became friends and respected each other. In conclusion, Shaw’s play Pygmalion is a well written play which is both a drama and social critique（评论）.
2．Warming up by questioning
1） Have you ever heard a well-known author named Bernard Shaw？
2） Which country is he from？
3） Can you tell us one or two of his representations？
4） What is the meaning of Pygmalion for Chinese?
3. Warming up by studying new words
Before we read the text, we should firstly study some new words which appear in the story. Well, look at these words and try to read them, then practice the spelling exercises.
myth refined class base uneducated appearance charming domineering rebel theme explore enormous accustomed adopt dramatists delightful personality attractive complexion sophisticated creature independent well-built beard confident likeable insensitive
When learning these new words, you may use your dictionary to help you to understand them and at the same time, you spell, read, and try to remember as possible as you can.
Spelling exercises:
Read the following sentences and write a proper word from the box above to meet the needs of the meaning of the sentences.
A landlord belongs to the upper c_____ before liberation in China.
The Party must b____ itself upon the interests of the people.
She was excited enough to speak in an unnaturally r____ accent.
It’s very c____ of you to come to my birthday.
The scientists are e____ ways and means of solving the problem.
Everyone enjoys the d____ weather in Kunming, Yunnan.
There is much goods a____ in price and quality in the supermarket.
A person should be i____ in life when he is eighteen years old.
Never be d____ in your behavior towards the poor.
Most farmers living in the countryside are i____ to the state affairs.
[ Keys: 1) classes, 2) base, 3) refined, 4) charming, 5) exploring, 6) delightful, 7) attractive, 8) independent, 9) domineering, 10) insensitive ]
Step 2: Pre-reading
Questioning and answering
Do you usually watch plays on TV at home or in the theatre? Alone or with others? What kind of play do you like best, comedy or tragedy? Which comedy or tragedy did you ever watch? Can you describe a character in the play?
Key for reference: I seldom go to the theatre for a play, but I would like to watch some play on TV. I often watch plays with my parents. I prefer comedy to tragedy because the story and the characters in the comedy are funny and interesting. I ever watched many comedies acted by Zhao Benshan, such as Selling Walking Sticks. He cheats others by playing tricks and reaches his goal.
1. Looking and talking in English
The following is an introduction of a Chinese play named No One Less. Look at the Chinese material and try to talk about it with your desk mate in English.
《一个都不能少》(No One Less) 水泉小学的高老师在回家 看望病重的母亲，村长从邻村找到魏敏芝给高老师代一个月课。高老师临走时再三叮嘱魏敏芝，一定要把学生 看往，一个都不能少。 魏敏芝整天让学生 抄课文，每天清点人数，谁要把学生 弄走，就跟谁急，边村长的话也不听。十岁的张慧科因家欠债无力偿还，不得不失学到城里打工。魏敏芝记住高老师临行前的叮嘱，决心把慧科找回来。她打听到张慧科在城里的住处，单身一人踏上了进城之路，十三岁的魏敏芝开始了茫茫人海里的寻找……
Key for reference: Mr. Gao, who is teaching in Shuiquan primary school, is going home to look after his mother who is seriously ill. The village head asks Miss. Wei Minzhi, a thirteen-year-old girl, to teach the students instead of Gao. Gao tells Wei to keep everyone at school, no one less. Miss. Wei makes the students stay in the classroom all the day and counts them now and then. A student, who is named Zhang Huike and just ten years old, has to go to work in the city because of his family’s trouble. Wei decides to look for the boy in the city to bring him back to school. ?
Step 3: Reading
1. Reading and answering questions
Read part one Pygmalion—the Play and part two Extract from Pygmalion in detail and answer the following questions
Why is the play called Pygmalion?
What does Higgins want to do with Eliza?
How does Eliza change?
Does the Extract in part two come from the beginning, the middle or the end of the play? Say why you think so?
How does Higgins treat Eliza?
How does Eliza win Higgins’ respect?
Keys for reference:
Because there is a classical Greek myth in which a king, Pygmalion, carves a statue of a beautiful woman. Then the statue comes to life, and the king falls in love with the woman and marries her. The play is based on the myth, so it is called Pygmalion.
Higgins, a professor, as a kind of experiment, wants to make a lady out of an uneducated girl called Eliza Doolittle, who sells flowers in the street.
Eliza then goes to stay with Higgins and his friend Pickering receiving lessons from him in how to speak correctly. She slowly changes, becoming a beautiful and charming young woman, a lady also in polite society.
I think the extract comes from the beginning of the play. Because Eliza sells flowers on a street corner and can’t talk better. She prepares to learn to speak following Higgins .
Higgins treats Eliza as if she were dirt.
With the help of Mr. Pickering, Eliza wins Higgins’ respect.
2. Reading for the title
Turn to page 8 and read the passage fast and then choose the best title within seven minutes.
Which is the best title of the passage?
Shaw’s heroes and heroines
Eliza Doolittle and Professor Higgins
Lovely Eliza, unkind Higgins
Eliza and Higgins – the way they change
( Key: D )
3. Reading and underlining
Read the materials on page 2, page 3 and page 8 once more, underlining all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them into your notebook after class.
1) Expressions and collocations in part one:
carve a statue of, come to life, fall in love with, be based on, make…out of…, bet sb., in a refined way, decide to do sth. be connected with, stay with, look after, receive lessons from, introduce sb. to polite society, win one’s bet, be domineering towards sb. be half in love with, be more like, become fond of, rebel against, cares a lot for, remain good friends with, as well as, it is clear that…, end with, be made from,
2) Expressions and collocations in part two:
instead of doing, on a street corner, be ready to do sth., treat sb. as if…, afford to do sth., pay sb. for sth., a great deal of, take sb. to a party, be polite to sb., one …after another, pass sb. off, take sb. away.
Expressions and collocations in part three: (page 8)
express one’s ideas, succeed in doing, not at all, compared to sb, learn to do sth., take place in sb., without doing, at the same time, express oneself, be rude to sb., rather than do sth., by the time of, in one’s early forties, as a result, recognize sb. as…,
Step 4: Reading practice
Read the following passage and choose the proper one from the given answers A, B, C, and D according to the information told in the passage.
When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions:
(1) Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experience.
(2) Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observed. It is not necessarily true that person’s perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same yardstick to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.
(3) Sometimes we see only what we want to see what may be obverse to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore the stimulus ---“He’s basically a good boy, so what I saw was not shoplifting.” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information ---“All kids get into mischief. Taking a book form the bookstore isn’t such a big deal.” We can change the meaning of the contradictory information --- “It wasn’t shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.” …
1. The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is _____.
A. the abilities of one’s auditory and visual sensors
B. cultural background and personal experience
C. experiences one learns from others
D. critical measures taken by other people
2. While observing a particular person, _____.
A. one is likely to take all aspects (sides) into consideration
B. one pays more attention to his or her advantages
C. children often differ from grown-ups in perception
D. one tends to choose certain cues to look for
3. Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because_____
A. their yardsticks are not the same B. either of them may be slow to catch information
C. the time for observation is not long enough
D. each of them uses different languages to express his or her impressions
4. The underlined word “ignore” in point 3 means to _____.
A. understand something B. try to do something
C. pay no attention to something D. know something better
5. The worst thing in selective perception is that _____.
A. perceived information runs against your desire B. facts can be totally ignored your desire
C. importance of contradictory information can be overrated
D.the same information may not be dealt with in the same way
( Keys: BDACD )
Step 5: Homework
1. Study the new words in the three parts of text and spell them correctly. You may have a dictation with your desk mate.
2. Repeat the play by having main idea in several sentences.
Key for reference: Pygmalion is a comedy written by George Bernard Shaw, a well-known author from Ireland who once gained Nobel Prize for literature in 1925. The play tells us a story about a pronunciation expert called Professor Henry Higgins and a poor girl. Higgins tries to make a lady, a fair lady in the upper society , out of an uneducated girl called Eliza Doolittle who sells flowers in the street.
3) Read something more about plays in English to learn about the knowledge of play works and authors that is well-known in the world.
Finish the exercises on page 4 ③,④,⑤,⑥ that are about the two main reading parts.
Module1 Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion
Part One: Teaching Design
第一部分: 教学设计
Period 2: Grammar and usage
Step 1: General introduction.
1. 助动词be的用法
?
1） be +现在分词，构成进行时态，例如：They are having a meeting.　他们正在开会。English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。2)　be + 过去分词，构成被动语态，例如：The window was broken by Tom..　窗户是汤姆打碎的。English is taught throughout the world.　世界各地都教英语。3） be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容：　a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排，例如：　　 He is to go to New York next week..　他下周要去纽约。　　 We are to teach the fresh persons.　我们要教新生。　　说明： 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。　b. 表示命令，例如：　　You are to explain this.　对此你要做出解释。　　He is to come to the office this afternoon.　要他今天下午来办公室。　c.　征求意见，例如：　　How am I to answer him?　我该怎样答复他？　　Who is to go there?　谁该去那儿呢？　d. 表示相约、商定，例如：We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。
2. Verb + objects
Nouns used as objects:
Show your passport, please.
She looks after the patient in hospital.
Pronouns used as objects:
I didn’t promise you just now, my boy.
He will do anything for her when she is in trouble.
Numerals used as objects:
--- How many will you need? --- I need twenty.
You can take forty stools away and leave five for me.
“the + adj./ v-ed” used as object:
As young people, we should respect the old.
Send the wounded to hospital without delay as quick as possible.
“v-ing” used as object:
He suggested discussing the matter at the meeting.
Do you feel like having a rest after walking for a long time?
“to do” used as object:
He pretended not to see me at the ball.
The man had no choice but to ask for help.
“how to do” used as objects:
When I lost my way, I really don’t know where to go.
Have you decided which one to buy?
object-clause used as object:
I hope that you will recover soon.
I didn’t agree with what you said to her at that time.
3. Usage of the Article a / an
冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（the Definite Article），另一种是不定冠词（the Indefinite Article），还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article）。 不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源，是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作[e]，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做[en]。 1) 表示"一个"，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. There's a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一枝钢笔。 2) 但是，除表示"一"这一数量外，很多情况下 a 与可数名词一起表示一类事物或者泛指概念。代表一类人或物。 I need a pencil now. 我现在需要（一）枝铅笔。（不确指哪枝铅笔） We can't say a boy is cleverer than a girl. 我们不能说男孩比女孩聪明。（表示类别）代表一类人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer. 不定冠词在表示"一"的概念时，是非强调性的。如果强调"一"这一数量，常常用one National Day is a two-day holiday. 国庆节是（一）个两天的假日。 We have only one day left to finish the task. 我们只剩下一天时间来完成这个任务。 3) 词组或成语。 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden 4) 不定冠词用在表示数量、时间等名词前，表示"每一（单位）…的价格、速度、顺序等" The apples are two yuan a kilogram. 这些苹果每公斤两元钱。 Tom drives a car at 60 miles an hour. 汤姆以每小时60英里的速度开车。 I go back home once a month. 我每月回家一次。 5) 不定冠词用于单数可数名词前，表示不确定性，泛指人的职业、国籍、宗教等: He is a Christian. 他是基督徒。 My friend, Asaku, is a Japanese. 我的朋友Asaku是日本人。 He was a teacher in the past. But he is a businessman now. 过去他是教师，但现在他是生意人。 He was made a dean. 他被任命为主任。 6) 不定冠词用在人名或表示人的名词前，表示不确定性，即说话人不清楚或没有指明所提到的人到底是谁 A Tom Smith is waiting for you downstairs. 一个叫汤姆·史密斯的人正在楼下等你。 A Smith called you just now. 刚才一个叫史密斯的人给你找电话。 A comrade is waiting for you outside. 一个同志在外面等你。 7) 不定冠词用于be of a (an) noun结构中，表示"相同…的" Tom and his sister are of a height. 汤姆和他的妹妹身高相同。 These sweaters are of a size. 这些毛衣大小相同。 不定冠词用于固定结构quite/half/rather/many/what/such a (an) noun或so/too/how adjective a(an) noun中，表示程度、数量或感叹等 It takes half an hour to get there. 到那里需要半小时。 He's quite a famous artist. 他是个很有名的艺术家。 Many a man would welcome such an opportunity. 许多人会很高兴有这样一个机会。 What a fool he is! 他多傻啊！ It's too difficult a problem for him. 对他来说，这是一个太难的问题。 9) 不定冠词用于某些习惯用语或谚语中 in a word 总而言之 take a walk 散步 at a time 一次 注：当一篇文章中第一次提到某一事物时，在名词前面要加不定冠词，以后再次提到同一事物时用定冠词。 …He saw a man standing there. The man was the person that he was looking for.… …他看到一个人站在那里。那个人就是他正找的人。
Step 2: Exercises for consolidation
1．Multiple choice (相关高考题)
1) ----Where is my blue shirt?
----It’s in the washing machine. You have to wear _____ different one. (2003 春)
A. any B. the C. a D. other
2) I earn ten dollars _____ hour as _____ supermarket cashier on Saturday. (2003 上海)
A. a ; an B. the ; a C. an ; a D. an ; the
3) An accident happened at _____ crossroad a few meters away from _____ bank. (2003全国)
A. a ; a B. / ; a C. / ; the D. the ; /
4) Jumping out of _____ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _____ exciting experience. (2002)
A. / ; the B. / ; an C. an ; an D. the ; the
5) Most animals have little connection with _____ animals of _____ different kind unless they kill them for food. ( NMET 2000)
A. the ; a B. / ; a C. the ; the D. / ; the
6) I’ve worked with children before, so I know what _____ in my new job. ( NMET 2000)
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
7) Robert is said _____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. ( NMET 1999)
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
8) When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _____. (1996 上海)
A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to
9) The patient was warned _____ oily food after the operation. ( NMET 1996 )
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
10) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _____. (NMET 1995)
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
11) Charles Babbage is generally considered _____ the first computer. ( MET 1993 )
A. to have invented B. inventing C. to invent D. having invented
12) I would appreciate _____ back this afternoon. ( MET 1992 )
A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you’re calling
13) He now regrets _____ harder when he was at school.
A. not study B. not studied C. not studying D. not to study
14) ---- Let me tell you something about the journalist.
---- Don’t you remember _____ me the story yesterday? ( 1999 上海)
A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told
15) In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for another hour. ( 2002 上海 )
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting
16) It is pretty well understood _____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. ( 2003 上海 )
A. that B. when C. what D. how
17) People have heard what the president has said ; they are waiting to see _____ he will do.
A. how B. what C. when D. that
18) The mother didn’t know _____ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
( NMET 2002 )
A. who B. when C. how D. what
19) He asked _____ for the violin. ( MET 1992 )
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
20) Can you tell me _____ ? ( NMET 1995 )
A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman
( Keys: CCACB BACCA ACCBA CBADC )
2. Correcting Tests
Read the following sentences carefully and find the mistakes in each sentence, then correct them.
1) “ I want to be lady in a flower shop ” Eliza said.
2) Eliza’s clothes will be cleaning by Mrs. Pearce.
3) The little girl said that she wants to be a nurse in the future.
4) It is often say that the way you speak is important.
5) Eliza marries a young man whom really cares for her.
6) Does Higgins love Eliza little
7) There is a S in the word silent.
8) It’s no a good shouting at me. I won’t change anything.
9) He treats me for his dearest brother.
Eliza insists that Higgins respects her .
( Keys: 1. be a lady; 2. be learned by; 3. she wanted to; 4. often said that; 5. who really; 6. a little; 7. an S; 8. no good shouting; 9. me as his; 10. respect her / should respect her )
Step3: Homework
1. Look at the relative reference books to learn the usage of article a / an, at the same time, pay more attention to the phrases with a / an or without a / an in everyday reading. The following are some examples:
all of a sudden; to be in a position to; a matter of course; as a rule; as a matter of fact; at a loss不知所措; at a discount; at a time when; to make the best of a had job尽量减少损失; to have a chance; to have a good time; to have a hand in参与; to have a mind to; (to throw...) for a loss使...震惊; in (after) a fashion略略地; in a walk轻而易举地; on a large scale; with a firm hand; with a view to; to be in a hurry; to get / fly into a temper发怒; to have a say; to have a try; to keep an eye on; to lend a hand帮助; to put a premium on重视; to take a fancy to喜爱; to take a walk; to take an interest in
2. Finish the exercises of page 6 in the text-book.
3. Finish the exercises of page 8 in the text book.
4. Have a summary about object-clause.
一、 当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that 无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如： She said that she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk.　He said that he could finish his work before supper.
二、 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if 或whether 引导，意为“是否”。如：Alice wanted to know if/whether her grandmother liked the bag. I don't know whether he'll come the day after tomorrow.
但在下列情况下只能用whether：
1. 在具有选择意义,又有or 或or not 时，尤其是直接与or not 连用时,往往用whether(if …or not 也可以使用)。如：Let me know whether / if he will come or not.(= Let me know whether or not he will come ) .I don't know whether / if he does any washing or not.(= I don't know whether or not he does any washing. ) I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.
2. 在介词之后用whether 。如：I'm interested in whether he likes English. We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time. I was worried about whether I hurt her feelings.
3. 在不定式前用whether。如：He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man. I don't know whether to go. He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.　　
4. whether 置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not, I can't say.
5. 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question. The question is whether we can catch the bus.　　
6. 若用if 会产生歧义时，要用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book.三、 如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：Could you tell me where we will have the meeting this afternoon? I don't know who bought the present for me. Is it Jack?
Module1 Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion
Part One: Teaching Design
第一部分: 教学设计
Period 3: Self-assessment
Step 1: Multiple choice
1. Jackson is ____ new comer to ____ biology but he has already made a few important discoveries.
A. the ; the B. the ; / C. a ; / D. a ; the
2. Wouldn’t it be ____ wonderful world if all countries in the world lived in ____ peace with one another.
A. a ; / B. the ; / C. a ; the D. the ; the
3. ---- Have you seen ____ bike? I left it here this morning.
---- Is it ____ blue one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A. a ; the B. the ; the C. the ; a D. a ; a
4. We shall have ____ English party at ____ Jason’s on ____ eve of ____ Christmas.
A. a ; / ; the ; the B. an ; the ; the ; / C. an ; / ; the ; / D. / ; the ; / ; the
5. ---- Do you remember ____ out manager came?
---- Yes, I do, he came in his car.
A. how B. when C. that D. if
6. It’s commonly believed unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
7. Computers can only do ____ we have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C. what D. when
8. He said ____ to meet all of us again.
A. which he pleased B. he is pleased C. that he was pleased D. what he was pleased
9. I don’t think ____ possible to learn a foreign language well without a lot of hard work..
A. this B. that C. its D. it
10. I would enjoy ____ back tonight.
A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you’re calling
11. The Chinese are generally considered ____ printing.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
12. We agreed ____ at eight o’clock but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met
13. ---- You were so brave enough as to raise objections at the meeting.
---- Well, now I regret ____ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
14. Generally speaking, gentlemen and ladies behave in public ____.
A. with a refined way B. in a refined way C. in refined way D. with refined way
15. A famous film called My Fair Lady was made ____ the play Pygmalion in 1964.
A. from B. out C. of D. out from
( Keys: CADCA BCCDC CCDBA )
Step 2: Fill in the gaps with the proper form of the word given in each sentences.
It is said that a king ____ a statue of a beautiful woman. ( carve )
Mr. Shaw’s most famous play, Pygmalion, is ____ on the myth. ( base )
He tries to make a lady out of an ____ girl called Eliza. ( uneducated )
She stays with him and helps to look after his house while ____ lessons from him in how to speak correctly. ( receive )
He wrote some articles to ____ relationships between men and women. ( explore )
My sister is always ____, she seldom faces the reality. ( dream )
Most workers in the company are ____ to working hard. ( accustom )
The boy ____ wants to know what happened in his family. ( impatient )
I suggest that he ____ his uncle for the lessons. ( pay )
Does he believe that ____ from a high social class gives you a better character?( come )
(Keys: 1.carves, 2.based, 3.uneducated, 4.receiving, 5.explore, 6.dreamy, 7.accustomed, 8.impatiently, 9.pay, 10.coming )
Step 3: Complete the following sentences
I am friendly to my manager, but _______________________________ (他对我总是盛气凌人的样子)
My son ________________(时而反抗) me, and I have to accept that _______________(他已成为一个独立的青年人)
When I arrived the hospital, my daughter ________________ (已经醒过来了)
The young man watched the quarter-final line-up for the 2006 FIFA World Cup having no word with me, ______________________(好像我根本不懂足球)
Can you guess ______________________(谁会在这次比赛中取胜)
“Will you accept the challenge?” “_____________________(会的, 我已说过)”
__________________(这样做没好处), you’d better have a formal talk with your husband.
It is clear that he will never lover her _____________________(象她爱他那样)
When Higgins _______________(对她不礼貌), she cries “Aa-oo” _________________(而不作实际的回答)
____________________(如果你是个自信的人), you are sure of your abilities and opinions.
Keys for reference:
I am friendly to my manager, but he is always domineering towards me.
My son sometimes rebels me, and I have to accept that he has becomes an independent young man.
When I arrived the hospital, my daughter had already come to herself.
The young man watched the quarter-final line-up for the 2006 FIFA World Cup having no word with me, as if I had known nothing about football at all.
Can you guess who will win this match?
“Will you accept the challenge?” “Yes, I have already said so.”
It’s no good doing like this, you’d better have a formal talk with your husband.
It is clear that he will never love her the way that she could love him.
When Higgins is rude to her, she cries “Aa-oo” rather than make an actual reply.
If you are confident, you are sure of your abilities and opinions.
Step 3: Homework
1. Read the first two passages in Module 1 again. Complete the table with words or phrases to describe Eliza and Higgins.
Names
Appearance
Personality
Eliza
Higgins
Keys for reference:
Names
Appearance
Personality
Eliza
beautiful, charming , be more like his daughter or a servant, not at all an attractive, very dirty in the eyes of Higgins, act like a lady later,
Be half in love with him, rebel against with him, strong, independent, friendly, changeable, unable to express herself,
Higgins
Domineering to Eliza，not treat her well, well-built, lively, with beard and moustache and high forehead,
Rude to her, impolite, extremely honest, amusing, confident, with no real unkindness, likeable later, insensitive but brilliant, be interested in ideas.
2. Think about someone you know. Prepare a presentation of him or her, and describe his or her appearance and personality.
Key for reference:
I would like to present my friend Tian Ping to you. I’ve known her for several years. She is about 1.6 meters tall and looks a little thinner than others. She has bright eyes and long beautiful hair with glasses, she is a pretty girl among my friends. Of her personality, I can say that she is honest and friendly in everyday life. She is also polite to others and is ready to help her friends when they are in difficulty or in trouble, but when praised, she appears to be shy before the public. In a word, all the people around her like her very much.
Module1 Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion
Part One: Teaching Design
第一部分: 教学设计
Task: Writing a description of a play
Skills building 1: Learn to read and study the elements and factors of a play.
Before you write a description of a play you have enjoyed, you should read the text, the first reading passage, carefully to find the main characters, their personalities, appearances and how they change. You can learn how to describe a play by analyzing the text and make preparations for your description.
Skills building 2: How to describe of a play
Think of a play you’ve read or seen.
Decide the main characters in the play.
List their personalities and appearances to be used in your description.
End with a brief description of the themes of the play.
Make your description a short summary of the play.
Key for reference:
The Merchant of Venice is one of the four famous comedies written by Master Shakespeare known to us all. The play is about Antonio, a warm-hearted merchant of the city Venice. Antonio was liked by everyone and was ready to help others. Bassanio, Antonio’s best friend, was in love with Portia, a beautiful lady who was also loved him. Sadly, he was poor, he asked Antonio to lend him some money to marry Portia. Antonio was so kind to turn to Shylock, a cruel, greedy moneylender. Shylock hated Antonio, and signed an agreement in which Antonio made a promise to allow Shylock to take a pound of his flesh from his body if he did not pay the money back on time. For some reasons Antonio couldn’t give the money, by the time he should pay back the money, Shylock was so domineering and cruel as to take the pound of flesh. Poor Antonio was in the end saved by the clever lady Portia who pretended to be a lawyer.
The play explores the theme of relationships between humanity and money, Shakespeare’s attitude towards Antonio is clearly active and to moneylenders, like Shylock is full of hate.
Module1 Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion
Part Two: Teaching Resources
第二部分: 教学资源
Section 1: A text structure analysis of Pygmalion—the Play
1. Type of writing and summary
Reading part 1
Type of writing
This is a description of a play.
General idea of the passage
The passage describes the main characters, their personalities, appearances and the theme of the play, Pygmalion written by Bernard Shaw.
Main idea of paragraph 1
Pygmalion is based on a myth
Main idea of paragraph 2
Higgins decides to teach Eliza and change her into a real lady in polite society.
Main idea of paragraph 3
The relationship between Eliza and Higgins changes.
Main idea of paragraph 4
The play explores the theme of relationships between men and women.
Reading part 2
Type of writing
This is an extract from the play Pygmalion.
General idea of the extract
Pickering persuades Higgins to help Eliza and tells him to be polite to her. Higgins accepts.
Higgins’ personalities
Impolite, greedy, decisive
Eliza’s personalities
Confident, strong, independent, friendly, thankful
Reading part 3
Type of writing
This is a declarative writing.
General idea of the passage
( paragraph 1 )
Bernard Shaw used the characters in his plays to express his ideas. He often succeeded in creating very real characters, and Eliza and Higgins are two of Shaw’s most delightful creations.
Main idea of paragraph 2
Eliza develops in both appearance and personality.
Main idea of paragraph 3
Eliza learns to speak correctly and act like a lady.
Main idea of paragraph 4
Higgins is also very likeable.
2. A diagram of the text

3. A retold version of the text
Pygmalion is a comedy about a language expert called Higgins written by Bernard Shaw. Higgins tries to make a lady out of an uneducated girl called Eliza who sells flowers in the street. He bets his friend that he can teach the girl well to behave in a refined way, because he thinks social class is about appearance only. Eliza goes to study with him and helps to look after his house while learning. Slowly she changes being a charming young woman. Higgins introduces her to polite society as a real lady and Higgins wins the bet.
Higgins is domineering and impolite to Eliza while she falls in love with him. After a time, she knows he never really loves her, so she comes to be strong and independent and leaves the house and marries a young man. She later starts a flower shop with the help of Higgins and his friend Pickering. They remains good friends. By writing the play, Shaw explores the relationships between men and women. Clearly Higgins treats women just as objects, but she at last wins his respect.
Module1 Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion
Part Two: Teaching Resources
第二部分: 教学资源
Section 2: Background information
1. Something about the author Bernard Shaw
George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) -Biography
Irish dramatist, literary critic, a socialist spokesman, and a leading figure in the 20thcentury theater. Shaw was a freethinker, defender of women's rights, and advocate of equality of income.
In 1925 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Shaw accepted the honor but refused the money.
George Bernard Shaw was born in Dublin, where he grew up in something close to genteel poverty. "I am a typical Irishman; my family came from Yorkshire," Shaw once said. His father, George Carr Shaw, was in the wholesale grain trade. Lucinda Elisabeth (Gurly) Shaw, his mother, was the daughter of an impoverished landowner. She was 16-years younger than her husband. George Carr was a drunkard - his example prompted his son to become a teetotaler. When he died in 1885, his children and wife did not attend his funeral. Young Shaw and his two sisters were brought up mostly by servants. A man of many causes, Shaw supported abolition of private property, radical change in the voting system, campaigned for the simplification of spelling, and the reform of the English alphabet. As a public speaker, Shaw gained the status of one of the most sought-after orators in England. In 1895 Shaw became a drama critic for the Saturday Review. Articles written for the paper were later collected in OUR THEATRES IN THE NINETIES (1932). Music, art, and drama criticism Shaw wrote for Dramatic Review (1885-86), Our Corner (1885-86), The Pall Mall Gazette (1885-88), The World (1886-94), and The Star (1888-90) as 'Corno bi Basetto'. His music criticism were collected in SHAW'S MUSIC (1981). After lacing a shoe too tightly, an operation was performed on his foot for necrosis; Shaw was unable to put his foot on the ground for eighteen months. During this period he wrote CAESAR AND CLEOPATRA (1901) and THE PERFECT WAGNERITE (1898). The Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen had a great influence on Shaw's thinking. For a summer meeting of the Fabian Society in 1890, he wrote THE QUINTESSENCE OF IBSENISM (1891), in which he considered Ibsen a pioneer, "who declares that it is right to do something hitherto regarded as infamous." Shaw's early plays, WIDOWER'S HOUSES (1892), which criticized slum landlords, as well as several subsequent ones, were not well received. His 'unpleasant plays', ideological attacks on the evils of capitalism and explorations of moral and social problems, were followed with more entertaining but as principled productions. "To a professional critic (I have been one myself) theatre-going is the curse of Adam. The play is the evil he is paid to endure in the sweat of his brow; and the sooner it is over, the better." (from 'Preface' to Saint Joan) . CANDIDA was a comedy about the wife of a clergyman, and what happens when a weak, young poet wants to rescue her from her dull family life. But it was not until JOHN BULL'S OTHER ISLAND (1904) that Shaw gained in England a wider popularity with his own plays. In the Unites States and Germany Shaw's name was already well-known. Between 1904 and 1907 The Royal Court Theatre staged several of his plays, including Candida. In his plays Shaw combined contemporary moral problems with ironic tone and paradoxes, "Shavian" wit, which have produced such phrases as "He who can, does. He who cannot, teaches", "England and America are two countries divided by a common language", "Christianity might be a good thing if anyone ever tried it", and "I never resist temptation because I have found that things are bad for me do not tempt me." Discussion and intellectual acrobatics are the basis of his drama, and before the emergence of the sound film, his plays were nearly impossible to adapt into screen. During his long career, Shaw wrote over 50 plays. He continued to write them even in his 90s. George Bernard Shaw died at Ayot St. Lawrence, Hertfordshire, on November 2, 1950. He was cremated and it was his wish that his ashes be mixed with those of his wife, Charlotte - she had died seven years before, "aowed and crippled, furrowed and wrinkled," as Shaw depicted her in a letter to H.G. Wells. Since the days of the silent films, Shaw had been a fan of motion-picture. He also played in the film Rosy Rapture - The Pride of the Beauty (1914). Shaw did not like much of the German film version of Pygmalion (1935), and the penniless producer and director Gabriel Pascal persuaded the author to give him the rights to make films from his plays. "Mr Pascal, you're the first honest film producer I have ever met," Shaw told him at their first meeting and gave him a pound note. Pygmalion, produced by Pascal and directed by Anthony Asquith and David Lean (uncredited), was a great success. In one article, Pascal was picked with the Pope and Hitler as one of the ten most famous men of 1938, but his career ended in the financial fiasco of the spectacle Caesar and Cleopatra (1945). Among several other films inspired by Shaw's plays are Saint Joan (1927), How He Lied to Her Husband (1931), Arms and the Man (1932), Major Barbara (1941), and My Fair Lady (1964). Pascal's co-director in Major Barbara was David Lean, but for thousand pounds Lean agreed to give the full credit to Pascal.
2. Bernard Shaw and his works
?[英]萧伯纳 George Bernard Shaw (1956-1950) 英国戏剧家。生于爱尔兰首都都柏林。父亲是破落贵族，母亲是很有才能的音乐家。他从1879年开始文学活动，一生共写剧本五十多部（还有小说和其他著作）数量之多，在英国文学我上前无古人。他敢于无情地挑破社会的脓疮、人性的伪装，所产生的惊世骇俗的力量，也是英国文学史上前无古人的。他1925年获得诺贝尔文学奖。其主要剧作有《华伦夫人的职业》、《康蒂妲》、《魔鬼的门徒》、《人与超人》、《茅屋巴拉少校》、《苹果国》、《真相毕露》等。他写的《易卜生主义的精华》一书，是现代欧洲戏剧史上的一部重要论著。萧伯纳戏剧的艺术特色——幽默和讽刺。他特别喜欢运用的手法是：使剧中人物发出似非而是的妙论，不仅使人笑、使用权人啼，而且个别人深省。萧伯纳的剧作、语言生动、机智、慑人心魄，是公认的英国口语和对白的大师。
3．Brief introduction of the famous film My Fair Lady Eliza Doolittle原是伦敦市的一名卖花女，在一次偶然的 情况下遇见了以能听出别人口音而自傲的Professor Henry Higgins；Professor Henry Higgins与Colonel Hugh Pickering打赌说，他能将口音其糟无比、讲话粗鲁无文的Eliza改造成 能讲标准英文的淑女。Eliza就住在Professor Henry Higgins家中，受了一阵子语言训练。最后两人认为已经训练有成，便带Eliza去了一个盛大的宫廷舞会。在场人士都不知道Eliza的出身，女王还对Eliza大加赏。Professor? Higgins自傲 于自己的成功，完全忽略了Eliza的感受。Eliza大怒之下，跑到相当喜欢她的Mrs. Higgins家中诉苦。她走了之后，Professor Higgins才发现不能没有她。最后Eliza回到Professor家中，两人言归于好。
4．A description of a play, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
This is the sad story of Hamlet, young Prince of Denmark, whose father died two months before the story begins. Hamlet’ s father was King of Denmark and Hamlet was his only son. The king died a strange death while he was sleeping in the garden of his castle. It was believed that he had been bitten to death by a poisonous snake. He was such a wise and kind king that he was loved by all the people in the nation. His son, Hamlet, of course, loved him far more than anyone else in the world.
Hamlet was so sad and sorrowful that he never stopped wearing black clothes. There was something else which made Hamlet even sadder. His mother, Gertrude, married Hamlet' s uncle, Claudius, who was a brother of the late king. After Hamlet' s father died, Claudius became King of Denmark and married Gertrude. Young Hamlet did not like him because he was not as wise and kind as his father. He was a man of unkindly character. Hamlet did not in the least want his mother to marry such a man. He became angry with both of them and came to despise his mother as well as his uncle.
Module1 Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion
Part Two: Teaching Resources
第二部分: 教学资源
Section 3: Words and expressions
Part 1: Some key word of the module
●accustom
vt. make used to (使习惯于): Mr. Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng had to accustom themselves to the conditions in the experimental spaceship before they really went into space together with Shenzhou Six. Everyone must be accustomed to both hard and good living conditions. This is not the kind of treatment the little girl is accustomed to.
adj. accustomed. Usual (习惯的, 通常的): The boy had his dinner sitting his accustomed seat.
●adopt
vt. ① take sb. into one’s family as a relation, as a son or a daughter (收养为家庭成员之一): As they had no children of their own, they adopted an orphan．Hong Zhanhui studied in the university taking his sister whom his father adopted. ② take ( an idea, custom, etc.) and use (采纳, 采取, 采用): After adopting new techniques in raising pigs, the farmers have made more money. I like your methods of solving problems and shall adopt them in my life.
n. adoption
adj. adoptive: My adoptive father is very kind to me and treats me as his own son.
●charm
vt. & vi. attract; give pleasure to ( 吸引, 给与快感, 使陶醉, 欣赏 ): Does kindness charm more than beauty? When the visitors are in Jiuzaigou, Sichuan, they are charmed with the scenery there.
n. attractiveness; power to give pleasure ( 吸引力, 给人快感之力, 魅力 ): Song Zuying’s charm of singing manner made her very popular.
adj. charming My girl friend is a charming young lady.
adv. Charmingly
●educate
vt. give intellectual and moral training to; train (教育, 训练): The poor boy had to educate himself in the evening after finishing his extra work in the restaurant. As a father, you should educate your children to behave well.
n. education systematic training and instruction: No nation can afford to neglect education. The education in China is free and compulsory at present.
●explore
vt. ① examine thoroughly (problems, possibilities, etc.) in order to test, learn about (探究, 仔细探究): Professor Stephen Hawking has been exploring the universe and has finished his works A Brief History of Time. ② travel into or through ( a country, etc. ) for the purpose of learning about it (探测): Some scientists from China went to explore the Arctic regions.
n. exploration : Are you interested in the exploration of the ocean depths?
●moderate
vt. make or become less violent or extreme (节制, 缓和): Moderate your enthusiasm to others or you will be considered to be mad. The rain came to stop and the wind was moderating.
adj. not extreme; limited; fairly, but not very large or good (适度的, 有节制的, 中等的): He has a moderate appetite. Prices in this hotel are strictly moderate, not high at all.
n. moderation: My doctor has advised moderation in eating and drinking.
●presume
vt. / vi. take for granted; suppose (to be true) , (假定为真以为, 认定, 推测实): We must presume that he is innocent and let him free. Let us presume that another manned spaceship will be sent into space soon.
n. presumption: The mistake he made was on the false presumption that the firm was bankrupt. The presumption that he was drowned may be right.
●rebel
vi. take up arms to fight (against the government); show resistance; protest strongly (武装反抗; 抵抗;强烈抗议): Some armed people in Iraq rebelled against the new government. The children rebelled against having to do much homework each weekend. Such treatment would make anyone rebel.
n. rebellion: There are five rebellions in two years in the country.
Part 2: Expressions or patterns of the module
be connected with
One’s character is connected with his education.
The great achievement in China is connected with the policy of reform and opening.
be ready to / be ready for
Chinese government is ready to improve villagers’ living condition in the 11th five-year plan.
Are you ready for your afternoon lecture?
come to life
Don’t worry, your mother will soon come to life, she can be saved by the doctors.
The statue he carved comes to life finally.
A person can’t come to life once he is dead.
4. make out of(造制出), / make out(书写; 证明; 辨认出)
We can make organic fertilizer out of maize and sorghum stalks (我们能用玉米秆和高粱秆制造有机肥料).
Some cloth is made out of coal.
Please make out the document with a pen.(请用钢笔书写这份文件)
I don’t see what you are trying to make out.(我不明白你要证明什么)
I can’t make out his handwriting.(我认不出他的字迹)
5. rather than (而不是; 宁愿…而不) / other than (不同于; 除了)
I would rather study in China than go to America.
I, rather than you, ought to do the work.
The truth is quite other than what you think (事实同你想的完全不同)
All parts of the computer other than the mouse are in good condition.(除了鼠标外, 电脑的其他部分都很好)
6. recognize,( treat, consider, look on, regard, take, see,) + sth. / sb. + as…...(把...看作...)
The American treats China as his homeland.
My teacher regards me as her own son and helps me a lot.
I recognize my manager as a well-educated man.
课件33张PPT。选修9
Module2
DNA-the Secret of Life广东省翁源县龙仙中学
何长江
QQ：249178459Module 2 DNA-the Secret of Life
Goals
●To develop the students’ reading
ability
●To know something about DNA
●To master the use of the, this, it, now,
waswere, much
●To help the students how to write
science materials Reading And Vocabulary(1) P16
DNA-the Secret of Life
Before we read the text, we should firstly study some
New words which appear in the story.
Well, look at these words and try to read them, then
practice the spelling exercises.
1.alter
2.ambitious
3.characteristic
4.consequence
5.differentiate
6.environment
7.gender
8.genetics
9.hereditary vi.改变, 变样adj.有雄心的, 野心勃勃的n.特性, 特征 adj.特有的, 表示特性的, 典型的n.结果,[逻]推理,推论,因果关系,重要的地位v.区别, 区分n.环境, 外界n.[语法] 性, <口>性别, 性n.遗传学adj.世袭的, 遗传的10. identical
11. indescribably
12. inherit
13. insecticide
14. insert
15. inspection
16. intelligence
17. investigation
18. benefit
19. qualification
20. resemble
21. trait
22. transgenicadj.同一的, 同样的adv.不可名状地;不明确的,模糊的:无法形容的,描写不出的vt.继承, 遗传而得n.杀虫剂vt.插入, 嵌入 n.插入物n.检查, 视察n.智力, 聪明, 智能n.调查, 研究n.利益, 好处 vt.有益于, 有助于 vi.受益n.资格, 条件, 限制, 限定, 赋予资格vt.象, 类似n.显著的特点, 特性n.[生]基因转移 Now, lets have a spelling quiz. Read the following sentences first, then fill the blanks, using their proper forms.
1.We can’t a____ nature in this way.
2.These new genes will create new c_____________.
3.What’s the b_______ of learning English?
4.If you insert new genes into someone, what will the
c____________ be?
5.We are a_________ to succeed in the match.
6.We should do something to stop polluting the
e____________.
7.Scientists have now shown that some t_____ are
strongly influenced by our genes.
8.DNA testing can help in criminal i______________.altercharacteristicsbenefitsconsequenceambitiousenvironmenttraitsinvestigationsExplanations of the text(part1-3) P16-17
一.Read the text(part1-3)carefully,then do Exercise3 on page16-17
二. Explanations of the text(part1-3)
Type of writing:
The passage is a style of comment(注释, 评论)
Main idea of the passage:
They have found the answer to one of the
questions of biology. The discovery has influenced
our life greatly. We have already experienced the
benefits in many areas.
Topic of Part 1:
James Watson and Francis Crick found the answer
to how livings reproduce themselves.Part1
1.On February28,1953, two scientists named James
Watson and Francis Crick astonished the scientific
communityby saying, “We have discovered the
secret of life.” It was true.
community(团体，社团，界)
scientific community 科学界
2.Crick and Watson had found the answer to one of
the most important questions of biology-how do
living things reproduce themselves?
---生物是如何复制自己的?
reproduce繁殖, 再生, 复制
3.The answer is in a chemical in the human body
called DNA.
chemical化学药品[产品, 物质, 成分], 化学物4.Every cell in our bodies contains our genes, which
pass hereditary characteristics on to our children.
我们身体的每一个细胞都包含我们的基因,这些基因把我
们的遗传特征传给孩子们.
1).contain vt 包含；容纳；装有
(1).Beer contains alcohol. 啤酒含有酒精。
(2). A pound contains 16 ounces.一磅等于十六盎司。
2).include包括(作为一部分、成分或成员而包括)
(1).The price includes postage charges.
价格包括邮费在内。
(2).I include eggs on the list of things to buy.
我在要买的货单上包括了鸡蛋。
(3).The university includes ten colleges.
该大学有10个学院。
hereditary adj.世袭的,遗传的 characteristics n.特性,特征3).pass on to 传递;前进;传下来;传给(后代)离去;往前
Let us now pass on to the next subject.
现在让我们看看下一个题目。
相关短语:
1.pass away 去世；死 (= pass on, pass over)
2.pass by 漠视；不理会 (= pass over) 走过
A coach passed by just a moment ago.
一辆大轿车刚开过去。
3.pass down 传递 (= pass on)
These jewels have been passed down in our family
from generation to generation for hundreds of
years.
这些珠宝在我们家代代相传已有好几百年的历史了。
4.pass for冒充；被当作
He passes for a doctor. 他冒充医生。
He passes for a learned man.
他被误认为是个有学问的人。5.Genes are made of the chemical DNA.
6.Watson and Crick had succeeded in
understanding the structure of DNA and how
genes are able to reproduce themselves.
7.The discovery of DNA has been called the
most important biological work of the last
100 years.
8.It has already had and will continue to have
an enormous influence on our lives.
这已经并继续对我们的生活产生巨大的影响.
have an influence on 对...有影响9.We have already experienced the benefits in
many areas.
benefit vt, vi.有益于(常与from,by连用)获益；得益于
1).The plants benefited from the rain.
植物得益于这场雨。
2).We benefit from daily exercises.
我们得益于每天做操。Part2
Key to Part2:
Science can find out murders by using DNA testing.
Topic of Story A:
DNA testing can help in criminal investigations.
Story A
Ten years ago John Waters killed a man.
Although the police questioned him, they did not arrest him.
As a result, until recently Waters was a free man.
But when he committed the murderer, Waters left some of his own cells on his victim.
commit vt.犯(错误), 干(坏事),
victim n.受害人, 牺牲者, 牺牲品
5.Two months ago, scientists decided to examine these cells. 6.They compared the DNA from these cells with the
DNA of people they had questioned.
7.John Water’s DNA matched exactly.
match n.火柴, 比赛, 竞赛, 匹配, (足球, 捧球, 蓝球)比赛
v.相配, 相称, 比赛, 相比, 匹配
1).The coat matches the dress.外衣和裙子很相配
2).These shoes do not match；one is large and the
other is small. 这双鞋不相配，一只大，一只小。
8.Waters is now in prison. Should DNA testing be
made a standard procedure in criminal investigation?
standard adj.权威;标准的;第一流的
procedure n.程序, 手续
Story B
Topic of Part 2 (Story B):
Surgeons can insert some new genes into the baby
before it is born to make it good-looking and intelligent.1.Mike Heathers is a young, successful businessman.
2.He and his wife, Julia, decided to have children.
3.Mike and Julia visited a surgeon and told him they
wanted a good-looking, very intelligent child.
4.Two months later Julia had a small but very expensive
operation, using a technology called genetic engineering.
genetic engineering n. 遗传工程
5.Nine months later, a highly intelligent, good-looking
baby was born.
highly adv.高地, 非常
6.But what about all those who cannot afford to pay for
this operation?Story C
Topic of Story C:
Surgeon can make an adult run faster by inserting an
animal gene into his body.
insert vt.插入, 嵌入 n.插入物
1.Mark Sawyer is a top athlete, and he wants to stay that way.
2.About six months ago, Mark secretly visited a surgeon, who performed an operation on him.
1).perform an operation (on sb.for a disease)给某人动手术
2).put [bring] into operation 实施, 施行
3).undergo an operation 接受手术
4).be in operation 在运转中;在行动中;在实施中;在生效中
5).come [go] into operation 开始工作[运转];生效
3.During the operation, the surgeon inserted an animal gene into Mark that would make him run faster. 4.After that Mark won all his races.
5.He’s a world champion again-but should he be?
Story D
Topic of Story D:
People can predict the inherited illness before baby is born..
predict v.预知, 预言, 预报
inherited adj. 遗传的;继承权的
1.Damian Peterson and his wife Clara are another couple
that want to have children.
2.But it is very likely that their child will be born with a
terrible, inherited illness.
3.If so, the child will not live long.
4.When Clara became pregnant, hospital tests showed that
her child would have this illness.
pregnant adj.怀孕的, 重要的, 富有意义的, 孕育的5.The couple decided to get rid of the unborn baby.
6.Should this be allowed?
Part 3
Topic of Part 3:
Science can use the technology of genetic engineering to insert new genes into human beings to decide the characteristics that they want.
Par.1
1.Watson and Cricks’s discovery about DNA was the
beginning of enormous advances in the field of genetics.
沃特和克里克关于DNA的发现是遗传学领域一系列巨大
进展的开端.
1).in the field of 在某一领域内, 在某一范围内
2).be in the field 从军;参战;参加竞赛;在野外; 在现场
2.We can see the results in the world today.
3.Stories A and D have actually happened many times. 4.Stories B and C will become possible in the near future.
5.The new technology of genetic engineering means that
scientists will soon be able to insert new genes into
unborn babies, children or adults.
6.These new genes will be cleverer.
7.The adult will be able to run faster.
8.A new future is approaching.
approach n.接近, 逼近, 走进, 方法, 步骤, 通路
vt.接近, 动手处理 vi.靠近
9.But do we want it?
10.Where are these scientific developments taking us?
Par.2
1.If we start choosing the characteristics of our babies, we are altering nature in a very direct way.
in a very direct way 直接地2.What might the consequences be?
3.It is possible that we will create two kinds of people,
genetically engineered people and ordinary people.
4.And do we want to get rid of unborn babies because
they have certain diseases or characteristics?
5.On the other hand, we may soon be able to get rid of
the disease-but keep the baby!
6.Wouldn’t that be wonderful?
7.But what about the athlete who secretly changes in our
lives.
8.As a result, there are many important issues to discuss.
issue 发行, (报刊等)期、号, 论点, 问题,
9.Let us hope that we can find the right answers.Detailed reading for information
Read the following sentences and decide whether they are
true (T) or false (F) according to the text.
In fact, Crick and Watson didn’t find the answer to how
living things reproduce themselves.
2) People can find murders by comparing DNA.
3) People can have good-looking, very intelligent children by using a technology called genetic engineering.
4) If an athlete is inserted an animal gene into his body, he would run faster.
5) Genetics is a science that has already caused and will cause great changes in our life. As a result, there are many important issues to discuss. FTTTTReading And Vocabulary(2) P22
Your Genes, Your Future
Par1.
1.How would you feel if someone gave you an
envelope with a description of every one of your
genes?
2.Supposing this information could tell you what
illness you were likely to get, or even what illness
you might die of, would you open the envelope.
supposing如果;何不;为什么不 ;万一;假使
1).Supposing we're right, what should we do?
假设我们是正确的，我们应怎么办?
2).Supposing it rains what shall you do?
假使下雨，你会怎么办呢？Par2.
1.It’s a difficult question to answer.
2.But the fact is that scientists have already begun
to discover how certain genes influence us.
certain adj.
1).[只作表语]确凿的,无疑的,可靠的
2).[只作表语, 后跟动词不定式或 of, that]一定的, 必然的,
有把握的, 确信的; 一定会来到或发生的
3).[只作定语]某,某一(些);相当的,一定程度的;一些,有点儿,
某种
(1). for a certain reason为了某种理由
(2). a certain Smith某个叫 史密斯的人
(3). a person of certain age
一位不太年轻, 也不太老(约在40岁左右)的人
(4). It is certain that two and two makes four.
二加二等于四是确定无疑的。(5). We are certain of success.我们确信会成功。
(6). He is certain to come.他一定会来的。
(7). I am certain that you'll succeed.我确信你会成功。
(8). There is no certain cure for this disease.
这种病没有可靠的医疗药物。
(9). The soldiers faced certain death.
士兵们勇敢地面对必然来临的死亡。
(10). There was a certain coldness in her attitude
towards me.
她对我的态度有点冷淡。
for certain=without doubt; definitely.
毫无疑问地；肯定地
3.And in the next decade, they will learn a lot more.
decade n.十, 十个一组; 十年, 十年间
for decades on end 数十年如一日Par3.
1.We have known for a long time that many of our
physical characteristics are inherited.
2.For example, our eye colour and certain diseases
are decided by our genes.
3.As long as you have a good diet, scientists can
predict your height by looking at your parent’s
heights.
as long as只要, 在...的时候
4.And we now know that the need to wear glasses
has a genetic cause.
5.Our eating habits also appear to be decided by
xyour genes!
Par4.
1.With other characteristics, things are not so clear. 2.Certainly, scientists have now shown that some
traits are strongly influenced by our genes.
3.Do you prefer getting up early or late?
4.To a great extent, it’s your genes that decide.
在很大程度上,起决定作用的是你的基因.
5.Do you enjoy dangerous sports such as car racing? 6.There is a gene that influences how much
excitement we need.
Par.5
1.But with most psychological characteristics,
scientists are learning that both our genes and our
environment affect us.
就大多数心理特征而言,科学家们在逐步认识到,我们的
基因和环境同时在影响着我们.2.This is true of things such as how violent we are,
and how well we get on with other people.
诸如暴力倾向以及我们跟他人的相处如何等这些方面都
是如此.
3.So, even though scientists may soon be able to
describe our genes in detail, it does not mean they
will be able to predict our future with any real
success.
Par.6
1.Nonetheless, the fact is that scientists will be able
to “read”our genes in the near futrure.
尽管如此,实际上科学家们在不远的将来就能够 “阅读”
我们的基因.
Nonetheless=nevertheless adv.虽然如此,但是;
仍然可是;不过(亦作:none the less)2.This will create new problems.
3.To give a few examples, insurance companies may
not want to insure people whose genes predict
certain illness.
4.Employers may not want to employ people who is
already clear- with these new developments, life is
going to become even more complicated!Exercises about the,it,much,was/were,this and now
Translate the following into English, using the italic
words above.
1.中国人喜欢吃面条。
2.猴子有与人相同的基因。
3.这是我第一次阅读用英语写的小说。The Chinese are in favor of noodles.The monkey has very similar genes to humans.This is the first time I have read novels written in
English.4.直到现在我也没弄懂DNA是什么。
5.他们做了大量的研究。
6.他十七岁来的北京。
7.如果我是你,我就会马上动身的。
8.如果我是老师的话,我就知道这个答案。
Until now, I’ve never understood what DNA is.They did much research.He was 17 when he came to Beijing.If I were you, I would go at once.If I were a teacher, I would know about the answer.Translate the following into English.
(Pay attention to the italic (adj.[印]斜体的) words)
1.我越想我们今天的幸福生活,我就越加热爱我们的祖国。
2.科学能做许多事情，但到目前为止，它还不能改变天气。
3.我们在同一个班。
4.狗对人类很忠诚。
5.听着,我们有一天会成功的。
6.我既然恢复了健康，那就可以继续工作了。
The more I think of our life today, the more I love
our country.Science can do many things, but so far, it can not
change the weather.We are in the same class.The dog is very loyal to humans.Listen to this: One day we will succeed.Now that I am well again, I can go on with my work.7.如果我是你，我就坚持到底。
8.如果我是科学家，我就会在这个领域工作的。
9.是小王帮助了我。
10.看上去他们要赢啦。If I were you, I would keep it up.If I were a scientist, I would work in this field.It was Xiao Wang who helped me.It looks as if they are going to win.Two Creatures in The Time Machine (P27)
The Time Traveller, as he is called, finds that human beings have evolved into two completely different kinds of creature.
这位被称为时光旅行者的人发现, 人类已经逐渐进化成
了两种完全不同的生物.
evolve v. (使)发展, (使)进展, (使)进化
2.He struck me as being a very beautiful and graceful creature, but indescribably frail.
我深切的感到,他是一个非常俊美优雅但却极度脆弱的人.
strike打击;(钟)敲响;罢工;划燃;突然来临[发生](on,upon);
打动;给…以印象有力地影响;使留下深刻印象
1).Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁, 趁机行事。
2).I didn‘t hear the clock strike.我没有听到钟响。3).The coal miners struck.煤矿工人罢工了。
4).The match wouldn’t strike .火柴划不着。
5).strike upon an idea 忽然想起一个主意
6).An idea suddenly struck me.
我心中忽然产生一个念头。
7).be struck by the beauty 为美景[貌]所迷住
3.He came straight up to me and laughed into my
eyes.
他径直来到我面前,直视着我的眼睛笑起来.
4.The absence from his bearing of any kind of fear
struck me at once.
他面无惧色,这立即给我留下深刻印象.
Module 2 DNA-the Secret of Life
Part One: Teaching Design
第一部分: 教学设计
Goals
●To develop the students’ reading ability
●To know something about DNA
●To master the use of the, this, it, now, waswere, much
To help the students how to write science materials
Period 1: Production and reading
(DNA—the Secret of Life)
Procedures
Step 1: Warming up
1. Warming up by questioning
1)Why do people take after their parents in personality?
2)Who do you look like, your mother or your father?
3)Are you similar to your sisters brothers in appearance or personality?
2. Warming up by discussing
Boys and girls, today we are going to learn something about DNA. Do you have ever heard about it? Before you read the passage, I’d like to give you some questions to discuss.
Has the discovery of DNA been called the most important biological work of the last 1oo years? Why?
Yes. It has already had and will continue to have an enormous influence on our lives. We have already experienced the benefits from it for many years. For example, We can find the murders by DNA testing. We can decide the children we want by genetic engineering.
Does the discovery of DNA worry you?
No. We can use the new technology of genetic engineering to create the characteristics we want. If we insert new genes into unborn babies, children or adults, the baby will be cleverer, the adult will be more healthy, and they will do anything better.
Yes. If we choose the characteristics of our babies, we are changing nature in a very direct way. What might the consequences be? The technology of DNA might cause many social problems.
Are you for or against GM food? Explain why.
I am for GM food. If a gene for resistance to drought is put into wheat or maize, then a crop highly resistant to drought can be produced. Crops with certain genes can kill pests. Thus, we can produce enough food for those hungry people.
I am against GM food. Scientists have found that a crop with a gene that kills pests can leave a poison in the soil that kills harmful as well as helpful insects. GM crops may affect the environment by producing chemicals or carcinogens. I think GM food is not safe, and it may have side effects. So I am in favor of banning GM food.
What should we do about GM food in China?
My view is that we should not produce too much GM food in China. The government should control and regulate GM food. For example, the market places should put labels on GM products to make the consumers know what kind of food they are buying. I don’t think it is a good idea to import GM products from foreign countries. We’d better use GM products cautiously.
3. Warming up by studying vocabulary
Turn to the vocabulary behind this module, and study the new words and expressions, paying attention to the relationship between the spelling and the pronunciation.
Step 2:Pre-reading
1. Imagining
Well, just suppose we have advanced technology of DNA, and what can we do with the genetics engineering? Imagine you are a boy/girl with other’s genes inserted in your body before you were born. Do you feel…? If an athlete is inserted a lion’s gene, can he/she run faster than normal human beings?
Introduce some new words
Show the following new words from the text, and ask the students to read each word twice together, correcting their mistakes in their pronunciation.
alter ambitious characteristic consequence differentiate environment gender genetics hereditary identical indescribably inherit insecticide insert inspection intelligence investigation benefit qualification resemble trait transgenic
Now, lets have a spelling quiz. Read the following sentences first, then fill the blanks, using their proper forms.
We can’t a____ nature in this way.
These new genes will create new c____.
2）What’s the b____ of learning English?
3）If you insert new genes into someone, what will the c____ be?
4）We are a____ to succeed in the match.
5）We should do something to stop polluting the e____.
6）Scientists have now shown that some t____ are strongly influenced by our genes.
7）DNA testing can help in criminal i____.
(keys: 1.alter, 2.characteristics, 3.benefits, 4.consequence, 5.ambitious, 6.environment, 7.traits, 8.investigations)
Step 3: Reading
Leading-in
We have already talked something about DNA as well as genetics. I also think you are clear about GM foods. You may have good ideas about genetic engineering. Now, please read the following passages (Part1-3), then answer the following questions according to the passages.
When he committed the murder, Waters left some of his own cells on his victim. What were scientists able to do as a result?
Why doesn’t Mark deserve to be a world champion?
Why did Clara have hospital test?
How much GM food is there in China?
What is the risk of producing a GM crop which kills pests?
6）Is it hard for scientists to predict how GM crops will affect the environment?
2. Fast reading for the general idea
Well, please find out the main ideas of the passages (Part1-3)
Key to Part1: Scientists have found the answer to one of the most important questions of biology. That is how living things reproduce themselves.
Key to Part2: Science can find out murders by using DNA testing.
Key to Part3: Science can use the technology of genetic engineering to insert new genes into human beings to decide the characteristics that they want.)
3. Listen to the tape of the text and try to find the following words and expressions that appear in the passage.
method commit a murder pregnant hereditary perform an operation reproduce victim system alter insert consequence field benefit structure screen
(keys: commit a murder, pregnant, hereditary, perform an operation, reproduce, victim, alter, insert, consequence, field, benefit, structure)
4. Detailed reading for information
Read the following sentences and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.
1) In fact, Crick and Watson didn’t find the answer to how living things reproduce themselves.
2) People can find murders by comparing DNA.
3) People can have good-looking, very intelligent children by using a technology called genetic engineering.
4) If an athlete is inserted an animal gene into his body, he would run faster.
5) Genetics is a science that has already caused and will cause great changes in our life. As a result, there are many important issues to discuss.
(keys: 1F 2T 3T 4T 5T)
Step 4: Reading practice
Read the following passage within 5 minutes and make a better choice to each question.
Want a glace of the future of health care? Take a look at the way the various networks of people about patient care are being connected to one another, and how this new connectivity is being exploited to deliver medicine to the patient----no matter where he or she is.
On line doctors offering advice based on normal symptoms(症状) are the most obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis(远程诊断) will be based on real physiological data(生理数据) from the actual patient. A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using personal data assistance plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly practical to send a patient’s important signs over the phone. With this kind of equipment, the cry asking whether there was doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past.
Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicine to rural care, and at least one team wants to use telemedicine as a tool for disaster need----especially after earthquakes. On the whole, the trend is towards providing global access to medical data and experts’ opinions.
But there is one problem. Bandwidth (宽带) is the limiting factor for sending complex medical pictures around the world,----Cu---See Me photos being one of the biggest bandwidth users. Communication satellites may be able to deal with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes or wars. But medicine is looking towards both the second-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for the future of remote medical service.
Doctors have met to discuss computer----based tools for medical diagnosis, training and telemedicine. With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, experts’ opinions and diagnosis are common.
1. The writer chiefly talks about____.
the use of telemedicine B. the on-line doctors
C. medical care and treatment D communication improvement
2. The basis of remote diagnosis will be____.
personal date assistance B. some words of a patient
C. real physiological information D. medical pictures from the Internet
3. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the text?
Patients don’t need doctors in hospital any more.
It is impossible to send a patient’s signs over the telephone.
Many teams use telemedicine dealing with disasters now.
Broadband communications will become cheaper in the future.
4. The “problem” in the fourth paragraph refers to the fact that____.
bandwidth isn’t big enough to send complex medical pictures
the second-generation of Internet has not become popular yet
C. communication satellites can only deal with short term needs
D. there is not enough equipment for spreading the medical care
(keys: 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.A)
Step 5: homework
1. Repeat the text.
2. learn the new words again, using the dictionary if necessary.
Module 2 DNA-the Secret of Life
Part One: Teaching Design
第一部分: 教学设计
Period 2: Grammar and usage
Step 1: General introduction
1. Revision of the, this, now, was / were, it, and much
Warming up
Warming up by reading, turn to pages 19---22, and do the exercises.
1) Match the sentences with the explanations.
2) Read the passages again and find the use of the, this, was/were, it, much, and now.
Summary about the use of the, this, now, was/were, much and it.
1. We use the
1) to name something in the world around us, or its climate, or other natural things that influence our lives.
the sea, the sky, the mountains, the future.
2) to refer to something of which there is only one in your environment, or in the whole world.. the sun, the earth, the Pacific Ocean
3) to refer to something we have mentioned before.
He has made an important discovery about genetics. The discovery has greatly influenced our lives.
4) to refer to nationalities.
The Chinese have won the game.
5) to say which person or thing we mean.
This is the student that you are looking for.
6) to talk about all the people who have the same characteristics.
The poor will not be able to afford this operation.
7) to make it clear that the person referred to is “the well-known one”.
That’s Mr. Wang, the famous scientist.
to make general statements, using one thing or person or an example of its group.
The horse is a useful animal.
when it is clear from the situation which one we mean.
Please give me the book on the desk.
10) to talk about a person or thing that has more of a quality than others of that type.
He is the tallest student in our class.
11) with words that say that something is special .
the first , the last, the same, the only.
12) to say how one thing changes when another thing changes.
The more we learn English, the more we like it.
2. We use this
1) to refer forward to something you are going to mention.
Listen to this: “I am going to Beijing tomorrow.”
2) to refer to people when you are identifying or introducing them.
Is this Tom in the photo?
3) to refer to the place or situation you are in now.
This is the first time I have been here.
4) with a time-expression.
this year, this evening.
5) to refer to things near you.
This article about the moon is very interesting.
6) to refer back to something which has been mentioned.
Now we are going to change crops in a way we have never done before. This is called genetic engineering.
3. We use now
1) when you want to get people’s attention, or when you are going to talk about something new, Now, shall we begin the meeting?
2) to say how a new situation means something can happen.
Now that we are all here, Let’s begin the work.
3) with certain prepositions.
by now, before now, until now, up to now.
4) to emphasize the period since something happened.
I’ve taught in this school for five years.
5) to talk about situation that started in the past and still continues.
It has been a year now since I came here.
6) to talk about a present situation that is different from a past situation.
Now I know more about you.
4. We use was/were
1)To refer to something that happened, without needing to say who or what caused it.
Zhao Fan was only 12 when he entered college.
2) to refer to something that was in the middle of happening at some time in the past.
They were studying when the teacher came in.
3) to refer to someone’s birth.
If I were you I would study hard.
4) to give advice.
If I were you I would study hard.
5) to give more information about the subject, such as who, what, where, when, how, how old. My father died when I was 13.
6) to refer to possible or imaginary situation.
If I were a millionaire , I would give you a lot.
5.We use it when we are in the following situations.
1)It is used with seam, appear, looks(as if).
It looks as if it was going to rain.
2) It is /was + said/known etc that….
It is said that our team has won the match.
3) It is used to refer to weather, date, time or distance.
It is 5000 kilometers from my home town.
4) It + verb +that =expresses an opinion or an emotion.
It worries me that you don’t study hard.
5) It is / was +who / that = emphasizes the subject or object of the sentence.
It was John who won the important prize.
6) It is /was + adjective / noun phrase +that= expresses an opinion or an emotion.
It’s astonishing that he was so young when he republished his first novel.
7) It is used to refer a thing, situation or place that has been mentioned or is understood.
Although English is very difficult, we mast learn it well.
I find it + adjective + that clause = expresses an opinion or emotion.
I find it strange that he has made such a terrible mistake.
6. We use much when
●It is used with uncountable nouns.
There was much water on the road.
●it is used with how, too, so, as.
How much do want for the flower?
You have changed so much that I often take you for Zhang Li.
I can’t finish that book; it is too much for me.
I want to learn as much as I can.
●it is used to modify comparatives and superlatives.
He is much better today.
This is much the best.
●it is used to modify passive participles and predictive adjectives.
I shall be much surprised if he succeeds.
I am very much afraid that I might make mistakes in tomorrow’s exams.
The NMET tests:
1).On May 5,2005, at ____World Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in man’s doubles with____ score of 4:1.(2005浙江)
A. a; a B. /;the C a;/ D. the; a
2).This book tells ____life story of John Smith, who left ____school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.(2005辽宁)
A. the; the B. a; the C. the;/ D. a;/
3). I can’t remember when exactly the Robinsons left____ city. I only remember it was ____ Monday.(2005湖南)
A. the; the B. a; the C. a; a D. the; a
4).I knew____ John Lennon, but not____ famous one.(2005山东)
A. /;a B. a; the C. /;the D. the ;a
5). What I want to say is____ , “I’m going to work for another company.”
A. it B. this C. that D. which
6).____that you are here, let me tell you the truth.
A. Now B. With C. In D. So
7). ---- Do you like ____ here?
---- Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is nice.(2004全国卷)
A. this B. these C. that D. it
8). ---- He was nearly drowned once.(2002春季北京)
---- When was ____ ?
----____ was in 1998 when he was in middle school
A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This
9)----You were out when I dropped in at your house.
---- Oh, I ____ for a friend at the airport.(2004福建)
A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited
10) The number of people present at the concert was ____than expected. There were many tickets left.(2004福建)
A. much smaller B. much more C. much larger D. many more
11) It is reported that the United States uses____ energy as the whole of Europe.(2004全国卷)
A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much
The Parkers bought a new house but____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.(2001全国卷)
A. they B. it C. one D. which
Scientists think that the continents____ always where they ____ today.(2005北京)
A. aren’t; are B. aren’t; were C. weren’t; are D. weren’t; were
---- If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back 6 o’clock.
---- What a pity! Tina ____ here to see you.
A. is B. was C. would be D. has been
15)If the teacher____ here, we would ask him.
A. was B. were C. is D. be
(keys:1. D, 2. C, 3.D, 4.B, 5.B, 6.A, 7.D, 8.A, 9. A. 10. A, 11.D, 12. B, 13. C, 14. B, 15. B)
2. Exercises about the, it, much, was/were, this and now
Translate the following into English, using the italic words above.
中国人喜欢吃面条。
猴子有与人相同的基因。
这是我第一次阅读用英语写的小说。
直到现在我也没弄懂DNA是什么。
他们做了大量的研究。
他十七岁来的北京。
如果我是你,我就会马上动身的。
如果我是老师的话,我就知道这个答案。
Keys:
1) The Chinese are in favor of noodles.
2) The monkey has very similar genes to humans.
3) This is the first time I have read novels written in English.
4) Until now, I’ve never understood what DNA is.
They did much research.
He was 17 when he came to Beijing.
If I were you, I would go at once.
If I were a teacher, I would know about the answer.
Step2: Vocabulary and listening
1. Please read these words and expressions in the box. Then complete the following sentences with the correct form.
ambitious, award, bestseller, coin, qualification, research, shocked, fame
We were ____by the news that the famous was killed in an accident.
The book proved to be a ____ that year.
In 1962 he was ____ the most important prize, the Nobel Prize.
Crick’s scientific ____ were higher than Watson’s.
He had to stop his ____ during the Second World War.
They threw a ____ to decide whether they would go or not.
(Keys: 1. shocked 2. bestseller 3. awarded 4. qualifications 5. research 6. coin)
2. Listen to the passages and answer the questions.
What do we learn about:
the age and nationality of the two scientists?
why they started working together?
other team of scientists?
why it was Watson and Crick who made the discovery?
3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of do, make or have.
It was Watson and Crick who ____ the discovery.
Crick ____ research into the field of genetics.
They ____ different reactions when they saw the lost money.
Watson ____ higher qualifications than Crick.
They ____ the decision to go hiking.
(Keys: 1. made 2. did 3. made 4. had 5. made)
Step3: Homework
1. Review the use of the, it, was/were, much and this.
2. Do the exercises on page 22.
Module 2 DNA-the Secret of Life
Part One: Teaching Design
第一部分: 教学设计
Period 3: Self-assessment
Step 1: Read the passage as a whole, paying attention to the language in use.
1. Read the passage again, then answer the questions.
1) Which characteristics, physical or psychological, are inherited or mostly inherited?
2) Does it seem that most psychological traits are inherited?
3) Why won’t scientists be able to tell us a lot about our future?
4) What kind of problems will these new developments create?
2. Read the announcement for the debate. Now decide if the following ideas from Module 2 argue for or against the motion.
DNA testing can help in criminal investigations.
You can use genetic engineering to create a “designer baby”.
Tests can now detect inherited illnesses before the child is born.
Gm food could solve famine in the world.
Genetic engineering is the victory of science over nature.
Presentation skills: holding a debate
Debates are quite formal, but should be interesting and entertaining. Some speakers may win a debate, not because of the strength of their arguments, but because of the style of presentation. Try to think about interesting or amusing ways to present your arguments. Make sure you look at the audience and not at your notes. Above all, smile and look as if you’re enjoying yourself.
Step 2: Make multiple choices according to the language points we have learned in this unit.
1. The reporter said that the UFO ____ east to west when he saw it.(2000 全国卷)
A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel
2.---- Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
---- where was I?
---- You ____ you didn’t like your father’s job. (2004春季北京)
A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying
3. How I wish I ____ you!
A. am B. was C. were D. should be
4. If I ____you, I would go and see him off at the airport.
A. were B. was C. am D. being
5. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was ____ to carry all the way home.(2003全国卷)
A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much
6. The house rent is expensive. I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m paying ____ here. (2003上海)
A. as three times much B. as much three times
C. much as three times D. three times as much
7. It is general believed that teaching is ____ it is a science.(2001全国卷)
A. an art much as B. much an art as
C. as an art much as D. as much an art as
8. ____recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S. would be higher than the number of English speakers by ____year of 2090.(2005春季北京)
Ａ. A; the B. A;/ C. The;/ D. The; a
9. When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to ____hotel; I can find you ____bed in my flat.(2004全国卷)
A. the ; a B. the;/ C. a; the D. a;/
10. ---- John, there is---- Mr. Wilson on the phone for you.
---- I’m in ____bath.(2004全国卷)
A. a; the B. the: a C. a;/ D. the;/
11. For a long time they walked without saying ____word. Jim was the first to break ____ silence.(2004湖南)
A. the; a B. a; the C. a;/ D. the;/
12. The sign reads “ In case of ____fire, break the glass and push ____red button.”.(2003全国卷)
A. /; a B. /; the C. the; the D. a; a
13. ____ that you know the answer, please tell us at once.
A. Until B. For C. Now D. So
14. I found ____ strange that she went there alone.
A. that B. so C. this D. it
15. ____ was in the street that I saw him yesterday.
A. It B. That C. This D. He
(Keys: 1～5 ACCAA, 6～10 DDAAA, 11～15 BBCDA)
Step3: A cloze test
Some personal characteristics play an important role in the development of one’s intelligence(智力). But people fail to realize the importance of training these factors in young people. The-so called “non-intelligence factors” include 1 feelings, will, motivation, interests and habits. After a 30-year follow-up study of 8,000 males, American scientists 2 that the difference in intelligence is not intelligence 3 , but non-intelligence factors including the desire to learn, will power and self-confidence.
4 people all know that one should have definite objectives ,a strong will and good learning habits, quite a number of teachers and parents don’t pay much attention to cultivating(培养) these 5 .
Some parents are greatly worried 6 their children fail to well in their studies. They blame either genetic factors, malnutrition(营养不良) or laziness, but they never take 7 consideration these non-intelligence factors. At the same time, some teachers don’t inquire into these, as reasons 8 students do poorly. They simply give them more courses and exercises, or 9 criticize or laugh at them. After all, these students lose self-confidence. Some of them just feel defeated and 10 themselves up as hopeless. Others may go astray(误入歧途)because they are sick of learning. 11 investigation of more than 1,000 middle school students in Shanghai showed that 46.5 percent of them were 12 of learning, because of examinations, 36.4 percent lacked persistence and initiative(主动) and 10.3 percent were sick of learning.
It is clear 13 the lack of cultivation (培养) of non-intelligence factors has been a 14 problem to intelligence development in teenagers. It even causes an imbalance between physical and 15 development among a few students.
If we don’t start now to 16 the cultivation of non-intelligence factors, it will not only affect the development of the 17 of teenagers, but also affect quality of a whole generation. Some exports have put forward 18 about how to cultivate students’ non-intelligence factors.
First, parents and teachers should 19 understand teenage psychology. On this basis, they can help them to follow the purpose of learning, 20 their interests and toughening their willpower.
1. A. one’s B. their C. his D. her
2. A. came out B. found out C. made out D. worked out
3. A. themselves B. oneself C. itself D. ones
4. A. Though B. Nevertheless C. However D. Moreover
5. A. books B. scientists C. factors D. studies
6. A. about B. when C. how D. whether
7. A. for B. in C. into D. over
8. A. why B. what C. when D. how
9. A. ever B. even C. still D. more
10. A. put B. get C. handle D. give
11. A. The B. An C. And D. A
12. A. afraid B. ahead C. aware D. ashamed
13.A. that B. how C. why D. which
14.A. leftover B. salty C. small D. main
15. A. intelligent B. characteristic C. mental D. chemical
16. A. throw B. pretend C. strengthen D. stop
17. A. intelligence B. diligence C. laziness D. attempts
18. A. importance B. objectives C. suggestions D. teenagers
19 A. fully B. unnecessarily C. never D. unwillingly
20. A. learning B. going C. losing D. exciting
(Keys: 1～5 ABCAC 6～10 BCABD 11～15 BAADC 16～20 DCBAD)
Step 4: Translate the following into English.
我越想我们今天的幸福生活,我就越加热爱我们的祖国。
科学能做许多事情，但到目前为止，它还不能改变天气。
我们在同一个班。
狗对人类很忠诚.。
听着,我们有一天会成功的。
我既然恢复了健康，那就可以继续工作了。
如果我是你，我就坚持到底。
如果我是科学家，我就会在这个领域工作的。
是小王帮助了我。
看上去他们要赢啦。
Keys: (Pay attention to the italic words)
1. The more I think of our life today, the more I love our country.
2. Science can do many things, but so far, it can not change the weather.
3. We are in the same class.
4. The dog is very loyal to humans.
5. Listen to this: One day we will succeed.
6. Now that I am well again, I can go on with my work.
7. If I were you, I would keep it up.
8. If I were a scientist, I would work in this field.
9. It was Xiao Wang who helped me.
10. It looks as if they are going to win.
Module 2 DNA-the Secret of Life
Part Two: Teaching Resources
第二部分 教学资源
Section 1: A text structure analysis of DNA---the secret of life
1. Type of writing and a summary of the text
Type of writing
The passage is a style of comment
Main idea of the passage
They have found the answer to one of the questions of biology. The discovery has influenced our life greatly. We have already experienced the benefits in many areas.
Topic of Part 1
James Watson and Francis Crick found the answer to how livings reproduce themselves.
Topic of Part 2. (Story A)
DNA testing can help in criminal investigations.
Topic of Part 2 (Story B)
Surgeons can insert some new genes into the baby before it is born to make it good-looking and intelligent.
Topic of Part 2 (Story C)
Surgeon can make an adult run faster by inserting an animal gene into his body.
Topic of Part 2 (Story D)
People can predict the inherited illness before baby is born..
Topic of Part 3
The genetic engineering will create new characteristics. Thus, we will face some new social problems.
2. A retold version to the text
On February 28,1953, two scientists found the secret of life. They find the answer to one of the most important questions of biology. That is how living things reproduce themselves. The answer is in a chemical in the human body called DNA. The two scientists succeeded in understanding the structure of DNA and how genes are able to reproduce themselves. The discovery of DNA has already had and will continue to have an enormous on our lives. We have already experienced the benefits in many areas. For example, DNA testing can help a lot in criminal investigations by comparing the genes. If you want a good-looking and intelligent baby, surgeons can insert some new genes into it before the baby is born. An adult also can be made to run faster by inserting an animal gene through an operation. Humans will predict some inherited illness before the baby is born. These new genes will create new characteristics.
If we start choosing the characteristics of our babies, we are altering nature in a very direct way. What might the consequences be? As a result, there are many important issues to discuss. Let us hope that we can find the right answers.
Module 2 DNA-the Secret of Life
Part Two: Teaching Resources
第二部分 教学资源
Section 2: Background information
1. How is DNA sequencing done?
DNA sequencing, the process of determining the exact order of the 3 billion chemical building blocks (called bases and abbreviated A, T, C, and G) making up the DNA of the 24 different human chromosomes, is the greatest technical challenge in the Human Genome Project. Achieving this goal will help reveal the estimated 100,000 human genes within our DNA as well as the regions controlling them. The resulting DNA sequence maps will be used by21stcentury
scientists to explore human biology and other complex phenomena.
Meeting Human Genome Project sequencing goals by 2003 will require continual improvements in sequencing speed, reliability, and costs. Standard methods are based on separating DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis, which is extremely labor intensive and expensive. Total sequencing output in the community was about 200 Mb for 1998.
Encouraging progress ranges from enhancements of gel-based technologies and the development of novel, gel-less automatable approaches, such as the use of DNA fragments
bound to a solid surface DNA chips, and separation of fragments by mass spectrometry. New
gel-based sequencers use multiple tiny (capillary) tubes to run standard electrophoretic
separations. These separations are much faster because the tubes dissipate heat well and
allow the use of much higher electric fields. See a figure depicting this technology.
　
2.What is the difference between draft sequence and finished sequence?
A new goal (5/99) of the HGP is to generate a scaffold of known DNA sequence across an estimated 90% of the human genome. This "working draft" sequence will be of lower accuracy than the finished sequence and will not be continuous across the 3 billion bases of the human genome. However, the data will be invaluable to many biomedical scientists as they strive to
understand genes important to their own research.
Generating the draft will require researchers to sequence each piece of DNA only about 5 times, instead of the usual 10 times used for obtaining the highest quality sequence that is 99.99% complete and allows for only a single error in 10,000 bases. Remaining gaps and errors in the working draft sequence will be corrected over the years to achieve the ultimate goal of the Human Genome project: a complete, high-quality human DNA reference sequence
by 2003.
3.The normal cell cycle
In most tissues of the body, cells multiply through a process known as the cell cycle. Before cells can multiply and divide into other cells, they have to make exact copies of their DNA. DNA is the genetic code that is in all the cells of our bodies and is exactly the same code in each cell no matter what tissue the cell is from. Chromosomes are made up of the genes of our cells and our genes are made up of strands of DNA. Each cell of our body has two copies of each gene, one inherited from our mother and one from our father. The nucleus of the cell houses our chromosomes and genes.
Normally, most cells are not actively growing and dividing and are in the G0 or resting phase of the cell cycle and have a diploid or 2N DNA content. Cells in the G1 phase are actively cycling but like G0 cells have a "diploid" or 2N DNA content. A small percentage of cells in normal tissues are undergoing DNA synthesis (making a copy of their DNA) and are in the S phase of the cell cycle (have a DNA content between 2N and 4N). A few cells have completed their DNA synthesis and doubled their amount of DNA and are in the G2 phase of the cell cycle (have a 4N or tetraploid DNA content). After cells double their DNA, they undergo mitosis (M phase) dividing into two daughter cells that are exact genetic copies of each other and have a DNA content of 2N.
Nowell's hypothesisThere are many events or steps that occur in Barrett's esophagus that lead to the development of cancer. A few of these events are known but most are not. Most of the known events appear to occur early, before high-grade dysplasia or cancer actually develops. No one knows what the late events are that give cells the ability to leave their normal growth boundaries and become a cancer.
It is now widely accepted that the development of most cancers is due to something called genomic or genetic instability. This theory was first proposed by Dr. Peter Nowell in 1976. The theory is that for some unknown reason, perhaps due to environmental factors or inherited factors, some cells in the body develop genetic abnormalities that give them the ability to outgrow genetically normal cells. These abnormal cells grow and expand into a clone of cells (a group of cells having the same genetic make-up) and may replace their neighboring normal cells. Eventually one of the abnormal clones may undergo another genetic change that leads to the development of a sub-clonal population with the expansion of this cell line into its own large clone of cells. As multiple genetic abnormalities occur, multiple sub-clones develop or evolve. Eventually, one of these sub-clones may acquire the necessary combination of genetic abnormalities to become a cancer.
Ball diagram of Nowell's hypothesis The green balls represent cells that have developed a genetic abnormality and are expanding or growing into a clone of cells. One of these cells develops a second genetic abnormality, illustrated by a blue ball, seen to expand into its own clone of cells or subclones of the green population. A third genetic mistake is made, illustrated by a dark red ball, with clonal expansion of this cell population. Eventually, another genetic mistake is made in one of the cells of the dark red population that allows that cell to become a cancer.
Cell cycle checkpoint genesIncredibly, genetic mistakes are rarely made in the duplication of a cell's DNA. If a genetic mistake is made, for example - caused by exposure of a cell to radiation, there are genes (called cell cycle checkpoint genes) that control the cell cycle and prevent cells from dividing into two daughter cells. These cell cycle checkpoint genes insure that abnormal clones of cells will not be produced by the tissues of our bodies under normal circumstances.
Site of p53 action on the cell cycle If a G1 cell makes a genetic mistake, the protein made by the p53 gene does not allow that cell to enter S phase and copy its DNA. The abnormal G1 cell will usually undergo programmed cell death. This prevents cells with genetic abnormalities from dividing and undergoing clonal expansion and evolution.
The p53 geneThe p53 gene was the first cell cycle checkpoint gene to be discovered in humans. It is referred to as a tumor suppressor gene because its normal fun_ction is to suppress the development of tumors by detecting genetic mistakes in G1 cells resulting in arrested cell growth (cell cycle arrest) or destruction (programmed cell death) of the cells with the mistake. When genetic abnormalities develop in the p53 gene leading to loss of its normal fun_ction, tumors more readily develop because cells with genetic mistakes are allowed to divide and pass the mistake on to daughter cells.
p53 gene abnormalities are detected in up to 95% of Barrett's associated cancers indicating that loss of fun_ction of the p53 gene is a necessary step in the progression to cancer in Barrett's esophagus. Loss of fun_ction of the p53 gene in Barrett's esophagus is one of the earliest known genetic events in the development of cancer and it is closely tied to abnormalities that develop in the cell cycle of Barrett's cells. These abnormalities can be detected by a test called flow cytometry (a test that measures the amount of DNA in a cell).
Module 2 DNA-the Secret of Life
Part Two: Teaching Resources
第二部分 教学资源
Section 3: Words and expressions
Part 1: Some key words to learn
● ambitious
adj. Full of ambition: He is an ambitious boy.
adj. Showing or needing ambition: That is an ambitious attempt. He is ambitious to learn English well. They are ambitious of /for the money.
● benefit
1. n. advantage; profit; help: Did you get much benefit from your holiday? The book wasn’t much of benefit to me. The money is to be used for the benefit of the poor.
2. v.t & i. do good to: The new railway will benefit the district. You will benefit by a holiday.
● consequence
n. that which follows or is brought about as the result or effect of sth.: If you behave as foolishly you must be ready to take the consequences.
n. importance: He may be a man of consequence in his village.
● genetics
n. science dealing with heredity, the ways in which characteristics are passed on from parents to offspring: We are doing research in the field of genetics.
● resemble
1. v.t. be like; be similar to: She resembles her mother.
2. n. resemblance: He bears a strong resemblance to his father.
● modify
1. v.t. make changes in; make different: The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of England society.
2.n. modification: modifying or being modified; change or alteration: We have to make modifications in the program.
● shock
1.n. violent blow or shaking: Earthquake shocks happened in that country.
2. n. condition caused by such a disturbance: The news of her mother’s death is a terrible shock to her.
● technology
1.n. science of industrial arts: I am studying engineering at a school of technology.
2.n. technologist: expert in; student of: A technologist will come to our school to give us a talk.
3.adj. technical: I advise him to learn some technical skills.
● inherit
1.v.t & i. receive (property, a title etc.) as heir: The eldest son will inherit the title. Who inherits?
2.v.t. drive (qualities, etc.) from ancestors: She inherits her mother’s good looks and her father’s bad temper.
3.n. inheritance: inhering: He received a lot by inheritance from his father.
● violence
1.n. state of being violent: She was robbed with violence. It would do violence to his principles to work on Sunday.
2.adj. violent: using, showing, accompanied by, great force: A violent wind attacked our village last year.
● investigation
1.n. careful and thorough inquiry: The matter is under investigation. No investigation, no right to speak.
2.v.t. investigate: examine, inquire into: They are investigating a crime.
● transfer
1.v.t. change position, move (from…to…): He has been transferred from the Leads office to the London office. The dog has transferred its affection to its new master.
2.v.t. move from one occupation , position, etc. to another: He has transferred to a new school.
Part 2: some expressions and patterns to learn
1.at one point: They didn’t agree with each other at one point. at all points: They are armed at all points. at the point of: They saw him at the point of a tall building.
2.get on with: I am getting on well with my new classmates. The new manager is easy to get on with. get along with: The student is getting along well with his study. How are you getting along? They are getting along quite well.
3.look like: She looks like his mother. look as if: It looks as if it’s going to rain. look on: They look on Tom as their teacher.
4.in detail: Now, please tell us the story in details. into details: Well, I’ll go into details about the plan. for further details: You can turn to him for further details.
5.make a decision: They made a decision that they would go to Beijing at the end of this year. come to a decision or arrive at a decision: He came to a decision at last. pass a decision: They held a meeting to pass a decision that they would help each other in many areas.
6.take after: He takes after his parents very much. take for: What do you take me for? take against: They take against each other. take apart: The gadget takes apart for cleaning. take over: The robot will take over the world some day. take on: Our village has taken on a new look since 2000. I am ready to take on heavy responsibilities. They will take on me to do the work.
7.make a discovery: The scientists are making new discoveries in the field of genetics.
8.to a (great) extent: They helped us to a great extent. to such an extent that…: He came to such an extent that he didn’t pass all the exams.
9.an answer to: They have found the answer to this question. Have you had an answer to your letter?
10.get rid of: The young couple decided to get rid of the unborn baby. He can’ get rid of the cold. be rid of: He is rid of fever.
Module 2 DNA-the Secret of Life
Part One: Teaching Design
第一部分: 教学设计
Task: Write an article about DNA
Skills building 1: Stating your opinions and preparing materials
a)Work in groups to prepare a brochure about DNA. You can refer to a dictionary or a reference book if necessary. Find out what DNA is. Who made the enormous discovery about DNA? Does DNA influence our life? What are the important issues to discuss? etc.
b)Prepare some materials for the brochure. Get more information through the Internet as well as magazines.
Skills building 2: Writing methods
1.Use the words that appear in Module 2. Consult the information given in this Module.
2.Notice your grammar mistakes. Try to use the language points we have just learned in this Module. You can use the following phrases if you like: the answer to, succeed in, have an influence on, as a result, get rid of, on the other hand, etc.
A possible version to the task
DNA Technology Has Influenced 0ur Life
Two great scientists, James Watson and Francis Crick, found the answer to one of the most important questions of biology---how living things reproduce themselves. The answer is in a chemical in the human body called DNA.
They succeeded in understanding the structure of DNA and how genes are able to reproduce themselves. The discovery of DNA has greatly influenced our life, and it will continue to have an enormous influence on our life. We all know that we have already experienced the benefits in many areas.
Technology of DNA can help a lot in criminal investigation by comparing DNA from the cells. Also, you can have a good-looking, very intelligent baby by inserting some new genes before the baby is born. You can also run faster than anybody else through a small operation. During the operation, the surgeon inserts an animal gene into your body to make you run faster.
The new technology of genetic engineering may supply more food to the hungry people, which is called GM food. How great it is! But, as a result, we must face so many problems in our society. No matter whether you like it or not, it is influencing our life.