Unit 1 Great Scientists warming up and reading (浙江省湖州市请选择....)

(共35张PPT)
What do you know about great scientists Try the quiz on P1 and find out who knows the most.
Warming up
1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float
Archimedes
(287-212 BC)
an ancient Greek
mathematician & physicist
2.Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed
Charles Darwin (1808-1882)
British author of The Origin of Species
3.Who invented the first steam engine
Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) British, improved the first steam pump and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712.
James Watt improved it and turned it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways.
4.Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children
Gregor Mendel
(1822-1884) Czech (捷克人)
5.Who discovered radium
Marie Curie (1867-1934) (Polish and French, won two Nobel Prizes)
6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities
Thomas Edison (1847-1931)
an American inventor
Thomas Edison
The Inventions of Thomas Edison
Phonograph 留声机
Lightbulb
Motion Pictures
7.Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people
Last Supper
Mona Lisa
Leonardo da Vinci
(1452-1519) Italian artist
8.Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground
Sir Humphry Davy
(1778-1829)British
Miniature Miner's Safety Lamp
9.Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened
Zhang Heng
(78-139) Chinese, invented seismograph
10.Who put forward a theory about black holes
Stephen Hawking
(1942--) a British astronomer
Q Answer
1. Archimedes
2. Charles Darwin
3. Thomas Newcomen
4. Gregor Mendel
5. Marie Curie
6. Thomas Edison
7. Leonardo da Vinci
8. Sir Humphry Davy
9. Zhang Heng
10. Stephen Hawking
Let’s get to know how Dr. John Snow defeated “King Cholera” in 1854 in London in this reading passage:
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
John Snow is a well-known doctor in the 19th century in London and he defeated “King Cholera”.
Do you know what kind of disease is cholera
It is a kind of terrible disease.
It is caused by drinking dirty water.
It caused a lot of deaths in the old times.
It was very difficult to defeat/cure.
King Cholera
Broad Street in 1854
Who defeats “King Cholera“
What happened in 1854
John Snow
Cholera outbreak hit London.
Scientific Report by John Snow
The problem(para1)
The cause (para2) Idea 1:
Idea 2:
The method(para3)
Nobody knew the cause of the serious disease of cholera
a strange cloud of gas found its victims(受害者)
people absorbed the disease with meals
Collect information from the cholera outbreak to prove which theory was correct
Two theories The first suggested that…multiplied in the air; The second suggested…absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
In 1854
Another outbreak hit London.
16, 37, 38 and 40
20 , 21; 8 , 9
7
16, 37, 38 and 40 These numbers in Broad Street near the water pump had many of the deaths
20 , 21; 8 , 9 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street had no deaths….
They didn’t drink the water from the Broad Street pump.
7 These families worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.
Paragraph 4: Study of the breakout in 1854
Think of a method: Test two theories
Collect the result: mark a map for deaths
Analyze the result: Reason for deaths and no death
Paragraph 5: Study of the breakout in 1854
Paragraph 6: Study of the breakout in 1854
Analyze the result: Find the source of the water
Repeat if necessary: Find more evidence.
Draw a conclusion: Cholera was spread by germ
Polluted water carried cholera
The results
Idea 1 or 2
The conclusion
The cause of cholera was the polluted water
Idea 2.
The dirty water carried cholera
He defeated cholera.
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
Bacteria of cholera
John Snow was a well-known ____ in London in the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ____ out, he began to gather information. He _____ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _____ of all water supplies be _______ and new methods of ________ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.
doctor
19th
cause
defeat
broke
marked
pump
source
examined
dealing
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks:
Scientific Report by John Snow
The problem(para1)
The cause (para2) Idea 1:
Idea 2:
The method(para3)
Nobody knew the cause of the serious disease of cholera
a strange cloud of gas found its victims(受害者)
people absorbed the disease with meals
Collect information from the cholera outbreak to prove which theory was correct
The results
Idea 1 or 2
The conclusion
The cause of cholera was the polluted water
Idea 2.
The dirty water carried cholera
He defeated cholera.
Structure Analysis(结构分析)
1. What is the style of this passage
A report.
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
The passage is written as a report of an experiment and there are 7 steps:
1.Find a problem:(发现问题)
2.Make up a question:(形成研究主题)
3.Think of a method:(找出研究方法)
4.Collect results:(收集材料)
5.Analyse results:(分析材料)
6.Repeat if necessary:(必要时重新分析)
7.Draw a conclusion:(得出结论)
Steps: What/How
1.Find a problem
2.Make up a question
3.Think of a method
4.collect results
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
What causes cholera
Which theory is correct
Collect information
Mark a map
Mark on a map to find out where people died or did not die
6.Repeat if necessary
7.Make a conclusion
5.Analyse results
Analyse the result to find the cause of the illness
Find other evidence to make sure the conclusion
The water is to blame. The source of all drinking water should be examined.
Read the passage and try to put the correct stages into the reading about research into a disease.
draw a conclusion B. think of a method
C. collect results D. make up a question
E. find a problem F. analyse the results
G. find supporting evidence H. repeat if necessary
Keys: E→D→B→C→F→G→(H) → A