(共11张PPT)
张月 孔国庆 李霞 邓卫东
Project
Language points
We further damage earth by constructing new water…
construct: v. 建造，建设，构造
construction n. 建造，建设
constructive adj. 有建设性的，有帮助的
under construction 正在修建
The story is skillfully constructed.
故事的构思相当巧妙。
2. …development should be stopped in favour of nature
in favour of: 有利于，赞同（接名词、代词和动名词）
ask a favour of 拜托某人
do sb. a favour = do a favour for sb. 帮助某人
find favour with a person 受青睐
favour sb. with sth.对某人施…恩惠
3. From the point of view of sb…
point of view :观点，着眼点
view: n. 观点，看法，见解
辨析：view / opinion / idea
view侧重于对比较广泛、重大或者有关公众问题所采取的态度，比较固定、系统。全面的见解；
opinion是对某事或某人持有的看法或舆论
idea是处置某事的计划、判断、理解或对其实现之可能性进行评测
He holds an opinion opposite to our. 他持有与我们相反的意见。
Do you have any idea of what I’m trying to explain 你知道我努力要解释的是什么吗？
Different social classes hold different political views.不同的社会阶级有不同的政治观点。
4. Other people argue that …
argue: v. 争辩，辩论，主张
argue with sb. about /over sth.
因某事同某人争论
argue for / against sth. 为赞成或反对某事而争辩
argue that… 主张…
argue sb. Into / out of doing sth.
说服某人做/停止做某事
辨析：argue/debate/quarrel/discuss
argue指说理、论证，侧重摆事实，试图说服对方，也可能是激烈的交换意见，以以致争吵；
debate指正式的辩论，交锋
quarrel指由于对某事不满而生气，同某人争吵，吵架
discuss讨论，着重指交换意见，不含有说服对方的意思。
5. …using up natural resources at a fast rate…
rate : n. 比率，速度，地方税，价格
v. 对…评价，认为
the rate of finished products 成品率
be sold at a high rate 以高价出售
postal rates 邮费
rates and taxes 地方税和国家税
He works at a high rate.他工作效率很高。
6. …like many developed nations have.
developed: adj. 发达的，成熟的
developing adj. 发展中的
development n. 发展，生长，进化
develop v. 发展，培育，制订，成长
develop one’s mind 开发心智
develop into 发展成为…
develop from sth. 从…发展而来
7. Most of the time it turns out that humans are …
turn out: 结果证明
The rumor turns out to be true.
传闻后来证明是真的。
Turn其他词组：
turn over 翻转，思考
turn down 调小音量，拒绝
turn against 反对，背叛
turn away 转过脸去，把…打发走
turn up 调大音量，露面(共16张PPT)
张月 孔国庆 李霞 邓卫东
Unit3 Science versus nature
Word power
Prefixes and suffixes
Organs of the body
Prefixes and suffixes
appear, novel, regular, respect
We are going to have some questions. Please use these words to help you, but you need to add some letters to the words first.
1)You cannot find your new pen. What happened to your pen
It disappeared
2) Many people respect Mr. Li and think he is a good man. He helps people out and is a good citizen and friend. So can you find a word to describe Mr. Li
Respectable
3) Miss Wang has published several books. She loves her job writing novels. So what is Miss Wang’s occupation(职业)
She is a novelist
4) You cannot find the order of the numbers in a group of members. So can you find a word to describe the order of the numbers
irregular
independence
in
depend
ence
prefix(前缀)
root (词根)
suffix(后缀)
Prefix: a group of letters that is added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning.
Suffix: a letter or a group of letters added to the end of a word to make a different word.
Attention !
Usually a prefix will change the meaning of word, while a suffix will change the part of speech of a word.
Sometimes you can guess what a word means by looking at its prefix or suffix. Look at the examples and work out the meanings.
Prefix Example Meaning
anti-
anti-cloning, anticancer
against, opposed to
dis-
un-
disappear, disagree
unfair, unwilling
not, apposed of
in-
il-
im-
ir-
incorrect, incomparable
illegal, illogical
immoral, immodest
irresponsible, irregular
not, without
pre-
preview, preserve
early, before
pro-
pro-cloning
in favour of, supporting
re-
recreate, repeat, renew
again
Some other commonly used prefixes
Prefix Example Meaning
de-
mal-
non-
not
decompose, declassify
maltreatment, malnutrition
non-smoker, non-alcoholic, non-profit
apart, from
badly, ill
inter-
international, interaction, interrupt
between
tele-
telescope, telegram, telecommunication
far off
trans-
transport, translate, transnational
across
mis-
misunderstand, mislead, misdeed
wrong
sub-
subtitle, subway, submarine
under
over-
overeat, overwork, overact
too much
tri-
triangle, tricycle, tricolor
three
auto-
autobiography, autoalarm, automobile
self
Suffix Example Meaning
-able
comfortable, noticeable
worthy of, able to be
-ful
cheerful, thoughtful
full of, characterized by
-ist
scientist, novelist
someone who does something
-less
hopeless, aimless
without
-ment
agreement, treatment
indicate a state or condition
-ness
dryness, madness
indicate a quality, state or character
Some other commonly used suffixes
-al
cultural, national, original
of or concerning
-ion
invitation, competition, protection
action or condition of…
state of being, skill
-ship
hardship, scholarship, relationship
-dom
freedom, kingdom,
condition or state of…
of the nature of…
-ish
childish, selfish
-proof
waterproof, fireproof, soundproof
protect against
-en
widen, sharpen, shorten
make or become
-ward
eastward, homeward, backward
in the direction of
-like
womanlike, childlike
similar to
Do you think we should protect nature Complete what an environmentalist is saying below. Use the words from the box.
disrespect, hopeless, illegal, uncertain, understandable
I think cutting down trees should be made(1)_______ and tighter laws should be introduced. So many people are showing their(2)________ for nature; they don’t seem to care that they are destroying the environment. Sometimes I think we are fighting a(3)________ battle against people who just won’t listen. I know scientists have worked hard to achieve scientific breakthrough but it’s(4)___________ whether they’ll succeed totally.Although it’s(5)__________ that they want to advance technology, I think some things are best left the way they are.
illegal
disrespect
hopeless
uncertain
understandable
Organs of the body
lungs
liver
heart
stomach
kidneys
Key to Exercise B
Brain (2) heart
(3) liver (4) lungs
(5) stomach (6) kidneys
Homework
1.Complete Part C on page 47 in pairs or groups.
2.Read the article in Part A on page 113 and do Par B on the same page.(共15张PPT)
张月 孔国庆 李霞 邓卫东
Task
Writing a formal letter
Skills building 1:changing or correcting a text
Let’s first do an interesting game called------
“Chinese whisper”
The key
The sentence that “the man who laughs last laughs the best” is a useful motto.
Conclusion
When we are asked to pass information, we usually make mistakes. We need to:
1 correct grammatical errors and spelling mistakes
2 make changes to the information in the text
3 change the style or the tone
Tips for listening
Read the questions or instructions carefully
Listen closely when spelling is given
Pay attention to words or phrases that express contradiction, such as
No, I don’t think so.
That’s not right.
And I think it should be…
Step 1: confirming information
1 What does GM stand for
2 What is GM food
3 Is it the same as natural food
Listen and make notes about GM food
Skills building 2:
conducting a discussion
How to ask for people’s opinions
e.g. What do you think / Don’t you think so /Do you agree / Is that your opinion too
How to introduce new ideas into the discussion
e.g. Another argument is that… / Don’t forget… / On the other hand, … /We can also… / But what about…
Step2: reporting back to a science journal
In step 1, we’ve learned a lot about GM food, first, let’s invite a student to say something briefly about GM food.
Then, you can discuss with your group members and finish step 2.
Feedback of step 1 & 2
Now that we have finished step 1 and 2, you must have learned a lot about GM food. Now comes our next task:
Prepare an interview between a student and the scientist to talk about GM food using the vocabulary of part B on page 55.
Then finish part C and D after class.
Skills building 3:
writing a formal letter
The basic elements and format of a formal letter
e.g. your address / the date / receiver’s name, job title and address / formal greeting / formal ending / your name and signature
Skills building 3:
writing a formal letter
Some useful phrases to start and end a formal letter:
Start: With reference to… / Thank you for… /In reply to… / I am writing to inform you …
End: I would be grateful if you could… / I hope you would… / I look forward to hearing from you soon. / If you require any further information…
Label the different parts of the letter.
Step 3: writing a letter
about GM food
Read the first letter and ask students to list the main points about GM food.
Read the second letter and ask students to list the main points about GM food.
Combine the points together what we’ve learned from Step 1 & 2, then finish Part B on page 57. You can discuss with your group members.
Homework
Write a formal letter to the head office of the supermarket chain. You may mention:
Your opinions about GM food
The pros and cons of GM food
Any concerns your group brought up in step 2, part D
What do you think the supermarket should do(共8张PPT)
张月 孔国庆 李霞 邓卫东
Language points
Task
Task:
1. …it would show that the majority of people…
majority n. 多数，多半
a / the majority of + cn. / un.
in the majority 占大多数
The majority of his books are kept upstairs.他的大部分藏书在楼上。
The proposal was passed by a majority of 66.提议以超过66票通过
minority 反义词 ：少数
2. To conclude, I urge you to seek the opinions ……
urge: v.催促，主张，要求；n.冲动
urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的
urge sb. to do sth. 力劝某人做某事
urge sb. into doing sth.力劝某人做
urge that sb. (should) do要求某人做
urge sth. on / upon sb.对人主张
have an urge to do sth.渴望做某事
urge against 极力反对
3. Scientists admit that few tests have been performed on GM food.
perform: v. 表演，履行，执行
performer n. performance n.
perform a part in 在…中扮演角色
perform duty 尽职责
perform an experiment 做实验
put on a performance 演出
4. The very genes that make crops resistant to pests…
resistant: adj. 抵抗的，反抗的
resist v.抵制，抵抗 resistance n. 反抗，抵抗力
resister n. 抵抗者
resistible adj. 可抵抗的
This metal resists rust. 这金属防锈。
The seedlings are resistant to cold weather. 这些秧苗有抗寒力。
5. So far, research has been limited to …
limit: v. 限制，限定；n.限制，界限
within limits 适度地，节制地
within the limits of 在…的范围之内
the limit of one’s patience 忍耐的限度
set a limit to sth. 确定限度
limit sb. to (doing) sth.限制某人做某事
There’s a limit to what one can do.一个人的能力是有限的。(共16张PPT)
张月 孔国庆 李霞 邓卫东
Lead- in
Check the homework. Share you sources relevant to cloning technology with the whole class.
Cloning has been the subject of scientific experiments for years. The recent success in cloning animals has resulted in fierce debates between scientists, politicians and public.
First reading—
Main idea
Second reading—Understanding scientific terms
Third reading—Detailed information
Further discussion
Homework
Reading strategy
Reading strategy
Go through the reading strategy, and
find out how to work out the meaning of these scientific terms.
Step
1
Step
2 .
Step
3
Begin by reading the first and last paragraphs
for an idea of what the article is about.
Circle any words you do not now. Question things you do not understand or that do not appear to make sense
Read through the article a few times, and make sense of the scientific terms upon further readings.
First reading—Main idea
Refer to the reading passage and find out the main idea.
(The reading passage is made up of a newspaper article about cloning and two readers’ letters. We will be given information about how cloning is being researched and the different attitudes towards it.)
Second reading—
Understanding scientific terms
Ask students to circle the unfamiliar words or things they do not understand while second reading.
Third reading—
Detailed information
Read only the article carefully, and finish the following exercises:
1. What are the different attitudes towards the success of cloning a human embryo
On the one hand__________________________________
On the other hand____________________________
Some people consider that____________________
(valuable tissues and organs can be
produced and be used to save human lives)
(human beings may be on the way to
producing a real-life monster)
(cloning human embryos
with the intention to destroy
them shows no respect for
human life. )
2. Who are the persons in the article related to cloning
persons introductions relations to cloning
Ian Wilumt a Scottish ________ who created Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned successfully from_____________ He was _______when hearing___________
___________________________________. He never intends to____________________. Instead, he thinks the efforts of scientists should be directed towards ______________
__________that could be used to_________
_________________.
Faye Wilson a woman of 41 years old who cannot have a
________. She is desperate to have a baby of her own, a child_____________________________.
Severino Antinori an Italian______, who is one of the leaders in
_______________ He has declared that___________________
________________________.
Chinese scientists who have focused their efforts on __________
____________________________________
_________. China has succeeded in ________________
____________, and continues to research the ways in which ____________________
___________.
scientist
an adult cell
shocked
some scientists
were considering cloning human beings
create copies of humans
creating new cells
and organs
cure
diseases like cancer
baby
that is genetically related to her.
doctor
the cloning research
he wants to be the
first to clone a human being
cloning
animals and stem cells
to be used in medical
research
producing clones of
cows and goats
cloning can benefit
mankind
Read the two letters carefully, and
judge whether the statements are true or false:
Pauline Carter thinks:
1. the nature will pay back if we interfere with nature.
2. we should clone fewer babies to reduce Earth’s population.
3. the lady who cannot have a baby can adopt an orphan, but not have a cloned baby.
Coline Jake thinks:
1. the news that the first human embryo has be cloned successfully is very terrible.
2. scientists have succeeded in challenging questions of morality.
3. human cloning is a good way to save her daughter who has died.
T
T
F
F
F
F
Step6 Further discussion
Understanding the scientific terms and reinforcing the comprehension of the text, you are got to form groups of four or six to discuss the further questions:
Pro-cloning Anti-cloning
1. produce valuable tissues and organs that could be used to save human lives 1. may produce a real-life Frankenshtein’s monster
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5.
1. Find the reasons why people are pro- or anti-cloning
in the article and letters and write them in the table below
cure disease like cancer
help those who are unable to have children
help those who want to clone their dead children
create more disease in the animal world
cloning shows no respect for human life
human life would no longer be unique
we should be having fewer babies in order to reduce Earth’s population, not cloning more
2. Do you think it would be easy for the cloned baby to accept his/ her social identity as a ‘cloned’ human being
3. What would the person that had the original cell feel about the cloned baby
4. Think about the relationship between the title of the unit Science versus nature and cloning technology.
Step7 Homework
Think about the difficult scientific terms underlined before upon the text learning(共24张PPT)
张月 孔国庆 李霞 邓卫东
Grammar and usage
Verb-ed form
Verb-ed phrases
Verb-ing and verb-ed used as adjectives
Verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb in a sentence serving as(充当) attribute(定语), predicative(表语) and object complement(宾语补足语)
When the verb-ed form is used as an attribute, it can be changed into an attributive clause. The verb-ed form can also be used as an adverb modifying(修饰) some verbs such as stand, sit, lie … etc. to show the two actions happening at the same time.
Verb-ed form
Please identify the parts of speech(词性) of the verb-ed form in different sentences.
1) The handwritten notes are from jack.
2) The kidnappers were using a stolen car.
3) A dark-haired man went into the room.
adjective
4)The cake was left untouched on the table.
5) The girl lay trapped under the wreckage(船舶残骸).
adverb
The functions of verb-ed form
1. attribute(定语)
1)A single verb-ed can appear before a noun modifying the noun like an adjective. It can be changed into an attributive clause.
We should drink boiled water.
We should drink water which has been boiled.
They took the injured woman to the nearby hospital at once.
They took the woman who was injured to the nearby hospital at once.
2) Generally speaking(一般说来), the verb-ed form of transitive verbs(及物动词) expresses passive meanings while the verb-ed form of intransitive verbs(不及物动词) expresses active and past meanings. Some verb-eds before nouns can express past meanings, such as escaped, retired and fallen.
the escaped criminal 逃犯
past
the developed countries 发达国家
past
a widely used language
passive
the retired scientist
past
the highly praised scientist
passive
fallen leaves 落叶
past
the risen sun 升起的太阳
past
the exploited classes 被剥削阶级
passive
3) A verb-ed phrase can appear after a noun to modify the noun like an attributive clause does.
The name mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.
The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.
The firemen were trying to rescue the people trapped in the fire.
The firemen were trying to rescue the people who were trapped in the fire.
Scientific experiments carried out by students without the teacher’s instructions can be dangerous.
Scientific experiments which are carried out by……
4) A verb-ed can be part of a compound(复合词) with an adverb or a noun before it.
a so-called professor
homemade pizza
a well-accepted idea
a highly-respected professor
a well-paid job
一个所谓的教授
自制的比萨饼
广泛接受的想法
极受尊重的教授
报酬颇丰的工作
underdeveloped regions
不发达地区
handmade furniture
手工制作的家具
5) A verb-ed can also be used as a non-restrictive attribute (非限定性定语) which is separated from the noun it modifies by a comma(逗号).
The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.
The books, which were written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.
The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.
The meeting, which was attended by one thousand students, was a success.
2. predicative (表语) It can be put after some link-verbs (系动词) such as: be, seem, appear, look, sound ,feel, remain, stay, become…
1) Edison became interested in science when he was very young.
2) The little boy was very excited when he heard that he could go to the party.
3. Object complement (宾语补足语) It can be used after some verbs such as: see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep …
1) As he knows little English, he finds it difficult to make himself understood.
2) I had my hair cut yesterday.
3) She found the door locked.
4.A verb-ed can be used after verbs like stand, sit and lie to show that the two actions are happening at the same time.
The girl lay in bed lost in thought.
The girl lay in bed and was lost in thought.
The boy sat at the table buried in his homework.
The boy sat at the table and was buried in his homework.
Key for Exercise A : (1) disappointed (2) puzzled (3) excited (4) thrilled (5) interested (6) bored
Key for Exercise B:
2.The problems created by cloning will soon be clear.
3.We don’t want beasts produced by scientists to replace us one day.
4.The technology used is amazing.
5.The only thing needed is just a cell from your old pet.
The usage of verb-ed phrases
A verb-ed phrase is actually a verb-ed followed by an object or /and adverbial. The verb-ed phrases can be used as the adverbial (状语) to express the time, the reason and condition
1.A verb-ed phrase can be a verb-ed on its own. It can also be followed by an object and/or adverbial.
1) She left the restaurant, disappointed.
2) She left the restaurant, disappointed with the bad service.
3) Heated, water changes into steam.
4) The girl was sent to the hospital, seriously injured.
5) The girl was sent to the hospital, seriously injured in the car accident.
2.Passive verb-ed phrases can express time, reason and condition. We can use adverbial clauses(状语从句) to rewrite the phrases.
1) time
Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
When the park is seen from the hill, it looks very beautiful.
When completed, the museum will be open to the public.
When it is completed, the museum will be open to the public.
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.
2) reason
Frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in her own room.
Because she was frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in her own room.
Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
Because he was lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
3) condition
Given more time, we could do it much better.
If we were given more time, we could do it much better.
Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
Unless you are invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker.
(= If she was compared with other professors...)
3. Understood subject(逻辑主语)
1)The understood subject is usually the same as the subject of the main clause. (refer to the above sentences)
2) When verb-ed is used as adverbial(状语) or predicative(表语), its understood subject is the subject of the main sentence.
She became discouraged at the news.
3)动词－ed形式作定语时,它的逻辑主语是被它修饰的名词，它和名词之间是被动关系。
The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
4) verb－ed形式在句中作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语,它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain.
(trapped的逻辑主语是句子的宾语fingers)
The valuable vase was found stolen.
(stolen的逻辑主语是句子的主语vase)
We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down. Thieves obviously had broken in.
(turned up side down的逻辑主语是句子的宾语house)
Key to Exercise A
2.Encouraged by her teachers, Suzie did well at school.
3.Inspired by his grandfather, the child wrote more poems.
4.Bored by the game, the dog will not play any more.
Verb-ing and verb-ed used as adjectives
Read the instructions on the book and finish the following exercises to choose the correct words from the brackets.
People have always been _________(interested/ interesting) in finding out about world records.
interested
Hugh Beaver went to interview the two brothers and found their knowledge ______(amazed/amazing)
amazing
After being told several times, Mr Smith still felt ________ (puzzled/puzzling) and did not know what to do.
puzzled
The film ‘Pearl Harbor’ is really_______ (excited/
exciting).
exciting
His response to the question was quite__________
(disappointed/disappointing).
disappointing
Key to Exercise B
(1)tired
(2) burnt
(3) bored
(4) disappointing
(5) pleased
(6) challenging
(7) relaxed
Homework
Finish Parts C1 and C2 on page 108 in Workbook.(共23张PPT)
张月 孔国庆 李霞 邓卫东
1. A recent announcement by scientists that they have successfully cloned the first human embryo…
announcement (n.) 宣告，通知，声明
(短语)make/ issue an announcement 发表声明
announce（vt.）宣告，通知，声明
(短语) announce sth. to sb. (不能用announce sb. sth.)
(比较) announce/ declare
announce 指对公众或特定的一群关心的人进行宣布；declare指官方的正式宣告
Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition.
This powerful country declared war on that small
country.
2. On the one hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo, you can …
①on (the) one hand…on the other (hand)…一方面…另一方面…（单独使用on the other hand时，hand不能省略，但与on the one hand连用时，可省略）
On one hand, rapid development of the economy will improve the living conditions of the people. On the other hand, it will speed up environmental destruction.
(短语) at hand 在手边，在附近 by hand 亲手，手工
in hand 手头现有的，正在进行，在处理中
hand in hand手拉手 Hands up! 举起手来！
Hands off! 请勿动手！不许干涉
②point out 指出 He pointed out my mistake. 他指出我的错误。
point at/point to 指着，指向某人或某物（两个词组可互换使用）He pointed at/ to a picture.
point at 对准，瞄准(某人用枪对准某人某物等)
They pointed at her head but she was not afraid.
point to 表明，指向(主语为证据、时针以及宾语为某一方向时)
The evidence points to him as the criminal.
The hands of the clock pointed to half past three.
The compass needle points to the north.
3. …they may be on their way to producing a real-life Frankensrein’s monster.
on one’s (the) way to doing sth. “正在做某事的过程中”. to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词短语
(短语) on one’s (the) way to 在去…的途中
by the way 顺便问问，顺便说说
by way of 途经
in a way 在某种意义上，在某种程度上
in one’s (the) way 挡路
in this way 用这种方式
(练习) I’ve just heard a warning ______ the radio that a storm may be ______ its way.
a. on, on b. over, in c. on, above d. from, on
4. However, in general the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific breakthrough.
①in general 一般说来，从总体上看，大体上
In general, red is the most popular color this season.
(短语) in a general way 一般，通常
as a general rule 在一般情况下
②praise (vi.&vt.&n.)表扬，赞扬，表彰
(短语)win high praise 受到高度赞扬
in praise of 赞扬（某人）
beyond all praises 赞美不尽的，赞不绝口的
be loud in sb.’s praise 对某人极力称赞
praise sb. for sth. 因某事而赞美/称赞某人
(练习)He gave a speech ____ ____ ____school life.
他做了一个赞美学校生活的演讲。
He __ ____ ______ ___his research on genes.
他的基因研究受到了高度赞扬。
in praise of
is highly praised for
5. However, some people consider that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life.
with the intention of 为了，以…为目的或意图
He has decided to go abroad to study with the
intention of improving his English and finding a
better job when he returns.
intention (n.) 目的，打算，意图
（词组）without intention 无意地
make one’s intension clear 说清楚自己的目的
state/ announce one’s intention 声明自己的意图
(练习) I began reading with the ____ of finishing the
book, but I never did.
a. interview b. intention c. help d. consideration
6. I don’t want to adopt someone else’s child and I don’t want to use another woman’s egg—I want a child that is generically related to me.
①adopt (vt.) 收养，领养；采用，采纳(议案、意见等)
Can you adopt my new idea
They adopted a neighbour’s boy.
(词组) adopt measures/ new methods/ an idea
采取措施/ 采用新办法/ 采纳意见
adopt a resolution 通过一项议案
an adopted son 养子 adopted words 外来词
(比较) adopt/adapt
adopt 收养，领养；采用，采纳（议案、意见等）；adapt使适合，使适应 adapt…to…；改编adapt…for…
She had to adapt herself to local conditions. 她必须使自己适应当地的情况。
This English novel was adapted for the stage. 这部小说被改编成了剧本。
(练习) The couple decided to _____a boy because they had three girls.
a. adapt b. adopt c. receive b. keep
②be related to 与…有关联；与…有联系
She is related to a rich neighbour by marriage.
relate (v) 和…相关，把…与…关联起来
relation (n.) 关系，联系，家属，亲属
relative (adj.) 有关系的，相对的；(n.) 亲戚，亲属
7. While cloning human embryos is illegal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research so as to deliver a cloned human baby.
①while (conj.) 当…的时候，和…同时（while引导的从句要表示一段时间）
John came in while I was typing a letter.
当我正在用打字机打一封信时，约翰进来了。
(conj.) 然而，虽然，尽管
While he was hated by others, I liked him.
他虽受人恨， 但我却喜欢他。
(练习) ______ English can be difficult to learn, it is a very useful tool for communication.
a. Because b. As c. Once d. While
②push ahead with 推进，推行，毅然继续做某事
It is hard to push ahead with such an unpopular
policy. 这样一个不得人心的政策很难推行下去的。
(词组) push ahead/ forward/ on with sth.
毅然继续做某事
push sth. forward
提出某事， 迫使他人考虑或注意某事
push sb./ sth. over
使某人/某物倒下；推倒某人/某物
③deliver 在这里“接生，使分娩”之意
Her baby was delivered by an experienced doctor.
该词还有“投递，传送，释放，表达，解救”等意思
(词组) deliver sb. from danger 救某人脱险
deliver sth. to sb. 把某物交付给某人
deliver a message/ a letter 传话/ 送信
deliver a speech 发表演说
be delivered of 生下孩子
8. China has succeeded in producing clones of cows and goats, and continues to research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind.
①succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事
(反义词组)fail to do sth.
After practicing more, he succeeded in passing the driving test.
success (n.)
successful (adj.)
successfully (adv.)
②benefit (n.) 利益，好处；(pl.)救济金
(词组) be of benefit to 对…有裨益
for the benefit of…为了…的利益
It is said Yoga is of great benefit to human
health.
(vt.& vi.) 有益于
(词组) benefit sb./sth. 有益于某人/某物
benefit from/by 从…中获益
Such foolish behavior will not benefit you.
We all benefited from her success.
9. We could produce a monster, or even a superhuman race that could one day end up replacing us.
end up 以…而告终，后接现在分词；end up with/in/as 后接名词
At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing.
The party ended up with a song.
If you continue to steal, you will end up in prison.
10. Human life would no longer be unique; it would just be a product for sale.
for sale 待售，出售的
The land is now for sale at that price to anyone.
on sale （英）出售，（美）廉价出售
Tomato soup that is usually sold at twelve cents a bowl is now on sale for ten cents.
11. I would like to comment on your article ‘The perfect copy’.
comment (n.& vi.) 评论，评注
(词组) make (a comment) comments on sb./sth.
同comment on/ upon/ about sb./sth.
评论某人（某事）
He made several comments on the book.
We would like the audience to comment on our new play.
12. After all, scientists have been challenging questions of morality for centuries.
after all 毕竟，终究，别忘了
We all though that he would fail, but he succeeded after all.
(短语) above all 首要，特别是
first of all 首先，首要的
in all 总共，总计
not…at all 一点儿也不
all the same 仍然，还是
not at all 一点也不，不用客气
all the best 万事如意
all the time 一直
13. When reading articles related to science, we often come across difficult or unfamiliar words.
come across (偶尔)碰到，遇见，发现; 同义词组run across, run into, meet with
(短语)come about 发生 come to 达到，总计
come on 加油，快点 come over 过来
come up 走上前，走过来
come out 出来, (花)开放，出版, (消息)传出
(练习) Jim was very happy yesterday because he ____ the book that he wanted.
a. came to b. came across
c. came about d. came out(共16张PPT)
张月 孔国庆 李霞 邓卫东
Word power
1.Work out the meaning
work out
1) 计算出,制定出,结果为
我们准备制订一个新计划．
谁能解答出这道物理题
We are going to work out a new plan.
Who can work out this physical problem
2) : exercise 锻炼,运动
work on 从事某项工作,继续工作
work at 学习,研究,致力于; 在...下功夫
他正在撰写一本新词典.
我正在努力学习．
He is working on a new dictionary.
I’m working at my study.
2.opposed to
opposed adj. 反对的，对抗的，对立的
opposed to 反对…; 与…相对立
我们坚决反对在国与国之间实行强权政治.
We are firmly opposed to the practice of power politics between nations.
真理是谬误之对.
Truth is opposed to falsehood.
opposed to = in opposition to
3. opposite of…
opposite n.对立面，对立物
What’s the opposite of tall
opposite
1) adj. 对面的，相对的
on the opposite side of the street
2) adj. 相反的，对立的
go in the opposite direction
朝相反的方向去
3) prep. 在…的对面
live opposite the post office
住在邮局对面
4) adv.在对面
He stood opposite.
4. in favor of
in favor of
1) 赞同…，支持…
be in favor of sb’s suggestion
2) 有利于…
The score was 2 to 1 in favor of the guest team.
比分为二比一，客队获胜.
:agree with, support
favor
1) n. 好感，欢心
win sb’s favor
赢得某人的欢心
2) n. 恩惠
do sb. a favor= do a favor for sb.
帮某人一个忙
May I ask a favor of you
请您帮个忙行吗
favorable adj. 赞成的，有利的
He is favorable to our plan.
a favorable situation
他赞成我们的计划
有利的形势
5. worthy of
be worth
doing sth.
sth.
be worthy
of being done
to be done
of sth.
*be worth后可跟表示价值的名词,而be worthy后不可以
The city is worth visiting.
The city is worth a visit.
The city is worthy of being visited.
The city is worthy to be visited.
The city is worthy of a visit.
The book is worth five yuan.
The book is worthy of five yuan.
X
6. characterize
characterize vt.表示…的特性，成为…的特性
be characterized as a man of principle.
被描绘成一个有原则的人
characteristic n.特性，特征
the characteristics of the present situation
目前形势的特点
7. care
care
1) vt. 介意
I don’t care how far I’ll have to go.
无论走多远，我都不在乎.
2) vi. 关心，担心，计较 (for/about)
care for sb’s safety
为某人的安全担心
He doesn’t care about his clothes.
他不讲究衣着
I don’t much care about going.
我不太想去.
3) vi. 喜欢，愿意 (~for/ ~ to do)
Would you care for a game of table-tennis
I don’t care to go there.
我不愿到那儿去.
8. achieve
achieve vt.赢得，取得，实现
We have achieved success in developing the product.
achievement
1) [c]n. 业绩,成就,成绩
Winning three gold medals is a remarkable achievement.
2) [u]n. 完成,达到,成功
celebrate the achievement of one’s goals.
achievable adj.能达到的
9. They want to advance technology.
advance
1) 推进，促进
advance the movement to a new stage
把运动推到一个新阶段
advance the growth of wheat
促进小麦生长
2) :put forward 提出(建议等)
He advanced his point of view in the meeting.
3) 提前
The date of the meeting has been advanced from Friday to Wednesday.
advanced adj. 高级的，先进的
10. be made up of
be made up of
be made of
be made from
be made into
be made in
由…组成
由…制成 (看得出原材料)
由…制成 (看不出原材料)
被制成…
在…制造
make 短语
make yourself at home
make the best of:
make up for
make fun of
请不要客气
make full use of
弥补，补偿
取笑
11. The body can run well.
run
1) vi. (机器等)运转;(工作等)进行
The engine runs well.
2) vt. 开办，经营
run a night school/ a factory
开办夜校/工厂
1) run across
2) run after
3) run away with
4) run into
5) run out of
用完
撞到…，陷入…
携(某物)潜逃
追求，跟踪
偶遇
12. be similar to
be similar to 与…相似
A is similar to B in man ways.
similarity n. 类似点，类似物
Are there any similarities between the two
13. newly
newly-built
newly-married
newly-born
newly-published
新建的
新婚的
新生的
新出版的
14.
think of…as…
think of…like…
看作，认为…是
think of oneself as/like a common solider
把自己看成普通战士
相关结构：
think twice
think much of…
think little of
think aloud
think over
重新考虑
认为…很不错
认为…没什么了不起
自言自语
15. major
major
1) 主要的,重要的,一流的
major industries
a major problem
a major painter
2) (数量，程度，价值)较大的
不与than连用
a major earthquake
a major operation
3) 主修的
Physic was his major subject in the university.
4) n. 主修科目，主修学生
He is an English major.
5. v. 主修 (in)
He majors in physics.
16. robbery
robbery n. 抢劫，盗取
robber n. 强盗，盗贼
rob vt. 抢劫，盗取
rob sb. of sth.
steal sth. from sb.
抢/剥夺某人某物
偷某人的东西(共13张PPT)
张月 孔国庆 李霞 邓卫东
Grammar
1. prove
prove
vt.证明,证实
prove sth.
prove that
prove oneself (to be) +adj./n.
He proved himself to be a great scientist.
link-v.
prove (to be) +adj.
The method proved to be effective.
prove (to be)+adj.+n.
He proved a successful manager.
prove to be+n.
2. figure
figure
1) n.身材
The girl has a good figure.
2) [C]n. 画像，数字，图表
He has an income of six figure.
他有六位数的收入
The figure on Page 22 shows a political map of Africa.
第22页的插图是非洲的政区图.
3) 认为，考虑，计算
I figure it like this.
figure out
come to understand, calculate
I’ve never been able to figure him out.
Have you figured out how much the holiday will cost
3. the other day
the other day
all the day
day after day
day and night
不久前某天
整天
日复一日
日日夜夜
day by day
逐日
4. match
match
1) vt. 使较量，使比赛 (against/with)
match one’s strength with that of another
与另一人较量
2) vt. 敌得上，比得上
No one can match him in singing.
3) vt. 和…相配，和…相称
The picture matches the story.
match 多指大小,色调,形状,性质方面的搭配
suit 多指合乎需要,口味,性格,条件,地位等
fit 多指大小,形状合适
1)We must find carpets that’ll _________the curtains.
2)The new coat ________me well.
3) No one can ________her in knowledge of classical music.
4) He ________his speech to his audience.
match
fits
match
suited
5. behave
behave
1) vi. 举动，举止，表现
The new fighters behaved bravely under fire.
新战士在炮火下表现得很勇敢.
2) vt. 使举止规矩
Behave yourself！
规矩点！
behavior n. 举止，行为
be on one’s good behavior
举动规矩，行为检点
6. cautious
cautious adj. 细心的，谨慎的
The students are cautious not to make any mistakes in spelling.
学生们在拼写时非常小心，以避免发生错误．
be cautious of…
:look out for 留心，谨防
7. judgement
judgement
1) [C/U]n. 审判，判决
The judgement is against her.
那项判决对她不利.
2) [U]n. 判断力
a man of weak judgement
判断力差的人
3) [C]n.意见，看法，评价
In my judgement, we should accept his offer.
依我看,我们应接受他的建议.
pass judgement on/upon… “对…下判决；判断”
make a judgement on…
对…作出判断
in sb’s judgement
依某人看来
8. upset
upset
1) adj. 难受的，不安的，心烦的
I know you are upset that they are leaving.
我知道他们要走你很难受.
2) vt. 使心烦，使难受
Tell me first what has upset you so much.
先告诉我，什么使你这样心烦.
3) vt. 打翻，打乱，打破
If the mine goes off, it will upset our whole battle plan.
如果这颗地雷爆炸，就会打乱我们整个作战计划.
9. alternative
alternative
1) adj. 两者(或两者以上)挑一的
alternative ways
2) n. 两者取一，取舍
the alternative of going or staying
3) n. 选择对象，可供选择的办法
That’s the only alternative.
可供选择的两种方法
去留之间的抉择
那是唯一可供选择的.
10. involve
involve
1) vt.使卷入，使陷入
be involved in trouble
卷入纠纷
2) vt. 使专注
He was involved in working out a plan.
他专心一意地订计划．
3) vt. 包含，含有
a task which involves much difficulty
带有许多困难的任务
involvement n. 卷入，牵连，包含
11. cost
cost
1) n. 成本，费用
reduce the production cost
降低生产成本
the cost of living
生活费用
2) n. 代价
at all costs
不惜任何代价
at the cost of…
以…为代价
3) vt. 使失去(生命,健康等)
His carelessness cost him his life.
12. on one’s part
on one’s part = on the part of sb.
对某人来说
The agreement has been kept on our part.
我们这方面遵守了协议
1) bear a part in…
2) for one’s part
3) for the most part
在…中有一份，参与
至于某人，对某人来说
就绝大部分而言，多半
13. definitely 确切地，肯定地
definite
1) adj. 明确的，确切的
a definite answer
明确的答复
2) adj. 一定的，肯定的
It’s definite that he’ll come.
他肯定会来.(共13张PPT)
张月 孔国庆 李霞 邓卫东
Unit 3
Project
Man versus nature
Leading in: appreciate some scenes in some movies
Are you horrified by some of the scenes Are you afraid that something similar may happen in the future What’s your opinion towards the relationship between human beings and nature
Let’s listen to the tape.
Read the passage and find out the gist of each paragraph
Para 1:
Para 2:
Para 3:
Para 4:
Nature resources have been seriously affected by carelessness.
Different attitudes towards the problem.
Humans are moving towards an important point in the relationship with nature.
Humans can only really win by protecting nature.
Read and answer:
1. What have people done to nature
2.If we continue in this way, what might happen
3. Which is more important, economic development or protecting nature
4. Do you think the problem of humans winning and nature losing can be settled If so, can you suggest some solutions
Introducing the project:
Having a debate to express and support your opinions
Planning
Choose a topic that interests you
Split into For and Against
Assign roles and tasks
Use different medias to search for relevant information
Preparing
Discuss the collected information and tick the strong points to be the start and the end.
Make a list of all your points.
Think about the opposite points and think about how to argue against them.
Producing
Practise in your group to check everyone’s task.
Practise many times to make it better.
Decide the time of each section.
Presenting
Present the debate in front of class.
Display your research on the wall when debating.
Make rules of winning before the debate and check which group wins at the end.
Homework
Write an essay on any topic that you’re interested in by using the techniques you learned from a debate.
Thank you !(共14张PPT)
VS
Versus
Science Nature
‘versus’ is usually used when discussing sports competitions or the law, which means that two teams or sides are against each other.
This is an elephant versus another one.
Why is ‘versus’ used here
Do you think there is conflict between
science and nature
What might the conflict be
Dolly was the first cloned mammal created by a Scottish scientist and his group in 1996.Dolly was exactly the same as her mother, in appearance and in genes. This new technology is called ‘cloning’, which produces an exact copy of an animal or a plant from its own cells.
Think about the relationship between the title of the unit Science versus nature and cloning technology.
The mule in the picture is the world’s first cloned mule. It was born on 4 May 2003. His name is Idaho Gem and his brother, Taz, was a racing mule that has won many competitions.
The kitten in the picture is called Cc. Its name is from ‘Copycat’. Scientists in the USA created it with a cell taken from its mother, Rainbow. It was born in December 2002.
Just call me Noel, OK
I’ m Angel, in your heart
I’m your Star. Love me please.
Hi! I’m Joy. I’m happy-go-lucky everyday.
I’m the beautiful Mary
The pair of calves were born on 5 July 1998 in Ishikawa, Japan. They were two years younger than Dolly, being the second adult animal clones in the world.
The name of the cloned monkey is ANDi. It is from ‘inserted DNA’ spelt backwards. It is the first genetically modified monkey. The technology is different from that used for Dolly.
Form groups of four or six to discuss the further questions:
1. From just these pictures, can you identify the differences between the cloned animals and normal ones
2. In your opinion, what might be the differences between these cloned animals and normal ones Can these animals lead a normal life as normal animals
3. Ask several groups to report their answers to the class. Allow different opinions and encourage further discussion.
Hold a debate about whether it would be a good idea to clone humans some day.
anti-cloning views
pro-cloning views
VS
Homework
Surf the Internet or refer to other sources for further information relevant to cloning technology, so as to finish the first two questions below the pictures. Make as many notes as possible.
