●Self—assessment
I. 单项选择：
1. Companies in Zhongguancun all have their own characteristics, but they all share ____spirit of creativity and scientific skill that have made Zhongguancun _______ success.
A. the; a B. 不填; a C. the; 不填 D. a; a
2. --- You didn't lock the back door.
--- You are wrong. I _______.
A. have locked it B. lock it myself C. did lock it D. do lock it
3. --- Do you know that the meeting _______ this afternoon has been put _______ till next week?
--- No. Thanks for telling me.
A. to be held; off B. to be held; forward C. held; off D. held; forward
4. I've always _______ Deng Xiaoping for his courage and determination to push China forward.
A. looked down on B. looked up to
C. looked around for D. looked forward to
5. This is the third book that he has written in the past five years, the first of _______ I really enjoyed.
A. which B. that C. those D. them
6 "I _______ her a long time ago," he doubted, "She doesn't look at all familiar."
A. might have met B. should have met C. might meet D. should meet
7. --- Learning a language isn't easy. It takes time.
--- I agree. _______. There's no short cut.
A. All roads lead to Rome B. Rome wasn't built in a day
C. Practice makes perfect D. Slow but sure wins the race
8. Please don't call me at the office _______ it's really necessary.
A. if B. unless C. unless if D. except
9. Susan invented a hundred little things to _______ him happy, to _______ a smile to his face.
A. make; bring B. bring; make C. make; offer D. offer; make
10. I bet Jack _______ when we get home.
A. is still sleeping B. is to be sleeping
C. will still be sleeping D. will have been sleeping
11. "I wish you'd look at me when I'm trying to speak to you!" the teacher said _______.
A. excitedly B. pleasantly C. hopefully D. angrily
12. If they _______ what I was saying, they'd know what I was talking about.
A. took the trouble to listen to B. had trouble listening to
C. take the trouble to listen to D. have trouble listening to
13. There are no easy answers to questions brought to us by the rapidly changing world, _______ we can try to turn challenges into opportunities.
A. so B. but C. for D. then
14. Once _______ a difficult and even dangerous place, Vietnam is now a friendly destination that welcomes visitors from all over the world.
A. considered; visiting B. considered; to visit
C. considering; visiting D. considering; to visit
15. If I _______ long enough to have a job, I would choose to be a doctor, _______ those AIDS patients.
A. had lived; helping B. should live; help
C. were to live; helping D. should have lived; help
II. 根据对话内容及所给单词首字母写出单词的正确形式。
A: Tom, what are you looking for?
B: I’m looking for a book i___1_____ national flags. But it seems very difficult.
A: That’s t___2____. There are not many books about national flags in this bookshop.
B: What a p___3_____. By the way, do you know something about the colors used on the national flags?
A: Yes, a little. As I know, the colors on the national flags have s___4_____ meanings.
B: R____5____? I didn’t know that before.
A: The colors don’t always mean the same thing in different countries. And this is very i___6___.
B: Why?
A: Because it can help show the c___7____ of different countries. And sometimes by looking at a national flag, you can even learn something about the countries’ h___8_____.
B: History? Does every national flag have a l____9____ with its countries’ history?
A: No, some of them.
B: Thank you for giving me so much i____10______about the colors on the national flag.
A: That’s all right.
III．根据文章内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空：
The world is full of color. Everywhere you look, we can see the colors of nature—blue skies, green trees, brown birds. ___1____, all colors carry different ____2___ in different cultures. Let’s take red for example. For example, in China, it is the color of ___3____ excitement and good luck. For this reason, Chinese people ___4____ wear a red wedding dress. At the same time, red can also represent bad things, such as ___5____ and dangerous ___6____, like ‘Caution’ signs in the USA. In ____7___, red also has ___8____ meanings as it has been used to represent ____9___ in the ___10____flags of many countries.
IV. 书面表达：
生活充满颜色，我们每个人的生活都离不开颜色；没有颜色的生活是枯燥无味的、是单调的；我们每个人都有自己最喜欢的颜色，颜色代表人的一种心情、一种生活风格。请以“My favorite color”为题写一篇作文。
要求： 1、字数120左右；
2、对你最喜欢的颜色作简单的介绍，并说出理由；
3、根据情况，可适当发挥；
Keys:
I. 1-5 ACABA 6-10 AB BAC 11-15 DAB BC
II. 1.introducing 2. true 3. pity 4. special 5. Really 6. important
7. cultures 8. history 9. link 10. information
III. 1.Usually 2. meanings 3. happiness 4. traditionally 5. violence 6. warnings 7 addition 8. political 9. bravery 10. national
IV.
Of all the colors, I love blue best. Blue is the color of sky and sea. When the sky is blue, we will feel happy to have a nice day. Blue is also related to the sea. When we come to the seaside, the deep blue color will attract us much. I like swimming in the sea very much. It makes me feel free and happy. Blue can make us feel easy, cool us down when we are too anxious. It's a color of ration and calm ……
Of all the colors, I love white best. White is the color of snow and cloud. Snow in winter is clean, pure and holy. When it is melted, it moistens everything and the whole earth. White clouds are hanging on the blue sky. We can dream a lot on such a nice day. White is a color of purity and calmness. It can make a harmony picture with any other colors. This is white, a selfless color. ……
课件22张PPT。Grammar and usageExplanation and practice: Definition: a construction in which a noun or noun phrase is placed with another as an explanatory equivalent, both having the same syntactic relation to the other elements in the sentence.Find out the appositive in the following sentences: 1).Your brother, a proud and unbending man, refused all help that was offered him.
2).Churchill, Britain’s prime minister during the Second World War, died in 1965.
3). Playing football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________4).Only one problem still remains—the storage of the grain.
5).My father will go and see it himself.
6).My friends all understand me.
7).The question who should attend the meeting has not yet been steeled.
8).She liked her job, teaching English.
9). Lucy, in her youth a talented musician, still gives concerts every now and then.
10). Nothing is too hard for us Chinese people._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Read the passage about British traditions in Part A on page 41 and find out all the phrases in apposition in pairs.A Answers:
1. the British Queen, Elizabeth Ⅱ
2. Horse Guards Parade, the entrance to the Royal Palace
3. the closet Saturday to 12 June, the day when her birthday is officially celebrated
4. a very colorful event, one that has become an institution for celebrating the King or Queen’s birthday since 1805
5. Buckingham Palace, the Queen’s home in London B Answers
I’m very confused by the idea that red can mean revolution in France and a considerate nature in Indonesia.
2. I have to ask someone from Indonesia to find out about the theory that Indonesia people think red represents sugar.
3. It is a fact that I have done a lot of research.
4. I don’t think that it is a problem that the information I have found is all in English.
5. I’m so delighted by the news that there is going to be a speech about color. There are some other nouns used in apposition.doubt, answer, reply, question, thought, suggestion,
word, idea, possibility, order1. There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down in China.
2. We received an answer from the boss that our holidays will begin from this Friday.
3. We were all excited by his reply that he thought we were the best.
4. Before we get started, we need to answer the question whether our products will be well accepted.1. His thought that computers will soon recognize human voices surprises many people at the conference.
2. I’ve just got word that my friend john will come this week.
3. His suggestion that all the children should go to school is accepted
4. The possibility that man will land on the moon is often discussed
Consolidation: I. Multiple-choice:1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that B. what C. why D. which
2. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.
A. that B. what C. which D. why
3. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
A. what B. that C. why D. when
4. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A. which B. that C. ／ D. it AABB5. I have no idea ____ he will start.
A. when B. that C. what D.／
6. I’ve come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.
A. if B. that C. whether D. which
7. The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A. when B. which C. what D. that
8. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
A. which B. whether C. that D. what
9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.
A. that B. as C. of which D. which ABDCA10. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
A. whether B. where C. that D. when
11. They expressed the hope ___they would come over to China. ?A. which B. that C. whom D. when 12. The fact___ he didn’t see Tom yesterday is true. ?A. that B. which C. when D. what 13. I have no idea ____he will come back. A. where B. when C. what D. that ABAB14. The news ___ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. ?A. that B. when C. what D. how 15. One of the men held the view ___ the book said was right. ?A. what that B. that which
C. that what D. which that 16. Word has come ___ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week. ?A. what B. whether C. that D. whichACCII. Translation 1、收音机发布警告，飓风即将来临。
2、他突然想起来，他离开家的时候门没有关好。
3、他建议我们步行去，这个建议是可以接受的。
4、很多老师认为学生不应该花太多时间上网。
5、你知道我们什么时候出发吗？
6、他找了个借口，说他的车在路上抛锚了。
7、我一点都不知道下一步该做什么事情。
8.、没有证据证明他是被别人杀死的。
9、父亲向我承诺过，只要我通过考试，他会给我买一个MP3播放器。
10、学生应该学一点实用的知识的建议是值得考虑的。
Keys :
1. There is a warning on the radio that a hurricane is on its way.
2. The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.
3. His advice that we go there on foot is acceptable. 4. Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much??time online.
5. Do you have any idea where we will set out?
6. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way
7. I had no idea at all what I should do next. 8. There is no proof whether he was killed by others.
9. Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test.
10. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 1. The news that France had a successful revolution had a big effect on many other countries, particularly those in Europe.（P40）1). effectthe result of a particular influence: 影响、效果 I tried taking tablets for the headache but they didn't have any effect. I think I'm suffering from the effects of too little sleep. take effect to produce or achieve the results you want: 开始生效、起作用 They had to wait ten minutes for the anaesthetic to take effect before they stitched up the cut. effective ?adjective successful or achieving the results that you want: 有效的、有影响的 It's an extremely effective cure for a headache. She's a very effective teacher 高考链接 (1999 上海)
1. The new law will come into _________ on the day it is passed.
A. effect B. use C. service D. existence A2). AppositionWhen two nouns phrases come one after the other in a sentence and both represent the same thing, these noun phrases are in apposition. Here, in this sentence, the noun fact is used before the noun clause which is a form of apposition. E.g. The idea that red represents bravery and blood is widely believed.高考链接1. (2005辽宁)
Do you have any idea _______ is actually going on in the classroom?
A. that B. what C. as D. which
2. (2005浙江)
Danby left word with my secretary _______ he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
3. (2005广东)
Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _______ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether BBB4.（2006四川）??
-It’s thirty years since we last met. -But I still remember the story, believe it or not,?_____ we got lost on a rainy night.?
A. which? B. that? C. what? D. when
5. (2001上海)
Information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. asBB2. It is a very colorful event, one that has become an institution for celebrating the King or Queen’s birthday since 1805. (P41)1). event noun [C] anything that happens, especially something important or unusual: 重大事件 This year's Olympic Games will be the biggest ever sporting event. The police are trying to determine the series of events that led up to the murder. one of a set of races or competitions: 竞赛 The women's 200 metre event will be followed by the men's 100 metres. 2). one Here pron. is used as an appositive. 高考链接1. (2002NEMT)
Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _______ I will always treasure.
A. that B. one C. it D. what BHomework
1. Review the grammar: apposition
课件23张PPT。Project
Reporting on colours and culturesA short film for appreciation:What did you see in the film?
It’s a film about colors. We can see different flowers with different colors in the film. It’s a world of colors.Discussion: 1. What is your favorite color? Why do you like it?
2. What about your partner? Do you like his/her favorite color? Why or why not?
3. Why do different people have different ideas about the same color?
4. Why do Chinese people like using the color red on many important traditional occasions?
5. What are the colors of the five rings on the Olympic flags? What do the colors represent? Read the magazines article about colors and cultures. Answer the following questions.1. What does the color red mean in China, the USA and South Africa? 2. Why did women wear yellow ribbons on blouse collars or sleeves in the USA and the UK decades ago?
3. What is green always associated with?
4. What does ‘in the black’ mean?
5. What kind of people is white usually associated with? Answers:
1. The red is the color of happiness, excitement and good luck.
2. The yellow ribbons were regarded as a sign of hope by women waiting for their husband or boyfriends to come home safely from war.
3. Green represents growth, health and the environment, and it has long been associated with Ireland, where the national flower is green.
4. The idiom conveys the positive meaning of having money or that a business is making a profit.
5. surgeons, nurses and dentists Read the passage again and take note of each color mentioned in the passage. Fill the blanks. Read the passage again and ask each group to discuss the following questions:
1. What other meanings do you know of for the colors mentioned in the reading passage? Can you give an example?
2.Are you interested in any other color? What do you know about it?Discuss the eight questions in Part B in groups of four. While discussing, you should focus on the positive and negative meanings of colors in different cultures.Discussion:Language points1. Rose are red, violets are blue, but which of the two really suits you? (P46)1). suitsuit verb [T] to be right for a particular person, situation or occasion: 适合 Corn is grown a lot in this area - the soil seems to suit it very well. The city lifestyle seems to suit her - she's certainly looking very well. suited ?? adjective right for someone or something: 适合的 With her qualifications and experience, she would seem to be ideally suited to/for the job. If two people who have a relationship are suited, they have a good relationship which will probably last, often because they share a lot of interests: 适宜的
They were never suited (to each other) from the start - they've got nothing in common. suitable ?adjective
? acceptable or right for someone or something: 适合的 My mother doesn't like me wearing short skirts to church - she doesn't think they're suitable. 高考链接1. (2004全国)
— How about eight o' clock outside the cinema?
—That _______ me fine.
A. fits B. meets C. satisfies D. suitsD2. In most Western countries, white is traditionally a color for wedding celebrations and women get married in a white dress. (P46)1). get marriedverb [L + past participle] getting, got, got or US gotten sometimes used instead of 'be' to form the passive: They're getting married later this year. This window seems to have got broken. 高考链接1. (2002北京春)
Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may ______ run over by a car.
A. have B. get C. become D. turn
2. (2002 全国春)
--- How are the team playing?
--- They're playing well, but one of them
hurt.
A. got B. gets C. are D. wereBA3. (2001全国)
As we joined the big crowd I got ______ from my friends.
A. separated B. separated C. lost D. missedAHomework:
1. Read the passage in project and try to remember something about the colors.
2. Surf the Internet and gain more information about colors in different cultures. Thank you!课件73张PPT。National flags,
colours
and culturesA short film:The short film is about a Chinese ceremony of saluting to the national flag. The five-star red flag is our national flag with which we are familiar and we can see it almost every day. 1. What’s our national flag like? Can you describe it?2. What do colors and the stars on the national flag of China symbolize? Discussion:1. The color of the flag is red. It is rectangular in shape. The proportion between the length and height is three to two. In the upper left corner of the flag, there are five five-pointed stars, yellow in color. One of them is bigger and is located in the top left-handed corner. The other four surround the bigger star to its right.Five-star red flag2. The red color of the flag represents the revolutionary martyrs. The color of the five stars is yellow, which symbolizes the bright future. Among the five stars, the bigger one stands for the communist party of China while the other four represent the different groups of people in China who are all united behind the Party A brief introduction of national flagsA national flag is a flag that symbolizes a country and that can usually be flown by citizens of that country. Both public and private buildings such as schools and courthouses often fly the national flag. In some countries, the national flags are only flown from non-military buildings on certain flag days. There are three distinct types of national flag for use on land, and three for use at sea, although many countries use identical designs for several of these types of flag. Some national flags have been particularly inspirational to other nations, countries, or subnational entities in the design of their own flags. The following are national flags of some countries; try to tell which country each flag belong to. Canada France USA Indonesia England German Australia Korea Singapore Fast reading :Go through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find answers to the three questions. What is the French national flag sometimes called?
2. How many stars are there on t he national flag of the USA?
3. What colors is the Indonesia flag?
The ‘Tricolore’ (tricolour). Fifty Red and white Detailed reading: Let’s read the passage a second time and complete Parts C1 and C2 on page 36. C1 :1. They often symbolize the origin of the country, along with its values, beliefs and culture.2. Liberty, equality and fraternity.3. Because it was successful in ridding society of inequality, which had a great effect on many other countries, particularly those in Europe. 4. Because they couldn’t tolerate the bureaucratic way that Britain ruled the country and they desired independence.5. The fifty stars represent the fifty states and the thirteen stripes represent the original thirteen states that joined together to fight for independence from Britain. 6. It had nine red and white stripes.7. The most common explanation is that red stands for blood, or thing s that are physical, while white represent the spiritual. Another suggestion is that red resembles the color of sugar and white looks like rice. Other people say red stands for the brave and considerate nature of the Indonesia people. It can also symbolize the fire that comes from Indonesia’s volcanoes or the fact that the equator goes through the country. White is regarded as a symbol of purity. C2:bravery, revolution, strength and blood of the Frenchstrength and braveryblood or things that are physical; the colour of sugar; the brave and considerate nature of Indonesia people; fire; the fact that the equator goes through the country
Peace and honesty
purity and innocencethe spiritual; rice; purityGo through the text quickly and pay attention to the meaning and usage of some words. Then finish the following vocabulary exercise. Part D and Part E.D:1. b 2. g 3. i 4. a 5. d
6.c 7. e 8. j 9. h 10. fE: (1) colours (2) represent
(3) blue (4) bravery
(5) liberty (6) revolution
(7) Britain (8) independent
(9) the spiritual (10) sugar Listen to the tape and choose the best answers:1. The national flag is very important and meaningful to a country because________.
A. there are many different colors on the flag.
B. from the flag we can know everything of the country.
C. it symbolizes the origin of that country, along with its values, beliefs and culture.
D. The colors on the flag mean different things to different countries.C2. French Tricolore has become one of the most influential nationals in history because________.
A. there are three different colors on the flag.
B. the French Revolution influenced many countries, especially those in Asia.
C. France was a strong country in history.
D. the French Revolution influenced many countries, some of which choose to substitute flags with tricolor flags. D3. Which of the following statements about USA national flag is NOT true?
A. The flag is usually called the ‘Stars and Stripes’.
B. The flag has a close connection with its history.
C. The symbolic meanings of the colors on the flag are the same as those on the ‘Tricolore’
D. Each year on 4 July, the flag can be seen all over the country.C4. Which of the following statement is NOT an explanation of the meaning of the colors of Indonesia?
A. Red stands for blood, while white represents the spiritual.
B. Colors have a link with food.
C. Red colors on the flag symbolize the fire that comes from volcanoes.
D. Red and white are the favorite colors of the Indonesia people.D5. What kind of information can we get from a national flag? A. history and population
B. culture and politics
C. economy and language
D. history and cultureDPair work:1. Discuss colors and flags with a partner, and then give a mini presentation about the national flags mentioned in the reading passage to the whole class.Discussion2. Read the instructions for Part F and discuss with the partners the following questions 1). What do the colors on China’s national flag symbolize?
2). Do other national flags use those colors? Do they have the same meaning?
3). How does understanding history and culture help us learn about national flags? Language pointsThese are more than just colorful pieces of cloth and thread sewn together. (P34)1). More than ● A. “More than＋名词”表示“多于……”、“非但……尤其是”如： 1) Modern science is more than a large amount of information. 2) Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too.
● B. “More than＋数词”含“以上”或“不止”之意，如： 3) I have known David for more than 20 years. 4) Let's carry out the test with more than the sample copy. ● C. “More than＋形容词”等于“很”或“非常”的意思，如： 5) In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments. 6) I assure you I am more than glad to help you. ● D. 在“More...than...”中，肯定“more”后面的而否定“than”后面的，约等于“是……而不是……”如： 7) The difference between pure linguistics and applied linguistics is more apparent than real. 8) This book seems to be more a manual than a text. 9) Catherine is more diligent than intelligent. 10) Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened. ● E. “More than”或“More...than...”＋含“can”的分句时表示“否定意”，如： 11) That's more than I can do. 12) Don't bite off more than you can chew. 13) In delivering his lecture, Jason makes sure not to include more things than the students can understand.
● F. “No more...than...”表示“不……；不如……”，如： 14) I can no more do that than anyone else. 15) A learner can no more obtain knowledge without reading than a farmer can get good harvest without ploughing.” 2). sew
verb?[I/T]? to join together or attach (esp. pieces of cloth) by putting thread through it with a needle? 缝补 She sewed her outfit by hand. Would you sew on these buttons? I had to sew up (= repair) a hole in my jeans. 3) pieces of cloth and thread sewn together sewn: a past participle used as an attributive
Eg. a building built on the coast高考链接1. (2005北京)
The prize of the game show is $30000 and an all expenses ______ vacation to China.
A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid
2.（2002上海）
Don't use words, expressions, or phrases_______ only to people with specific knowledge.
being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. knownBD3.（2002春招）
Prices of daily goods______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying
4. （2004浙江）
Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M.
knowing B. known
C. being known? D. to be known
5. （2004上海）
The disc, digitally ______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
recorded? B. recording?
C. to be recorded D. having recordedBBA2. Before the Revolution, there had been great unrest because people had not had freedom and had often been treated unfairly. (P34)1). unrest ?? disagreements or fighting between different groups of people; 动荡，骚乱 It is feared that the civil unrest we are now witnessing in this country could lead to full-scale civil war. 2). treatto behave towards someone or deal with something in a particular way: 处理、对付 My parents treated us all the same when we were kids. It's wrong to treat animals as if they had no feelings. 3). Grammar point.
In this sentence, there is a grammar point—the usage of past perfect tense. A perfective tense used to express action completed in the past; "`I had finished' is an example of the past perfect"高考链接1. (2005北京)
He _________ more that 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15? ?A. has learned?? B. would have learned?
C. learned?? D. had learnedD2. (2005广东)
The policeman's attention was suddenly caught by a small box which ______ placed under the Minister's car. ?A. has been?B. was being?C. had been?D. would be 3. (2005湖北)
When the old man ______ to walk back to his house, the sun _____ itself behind the mountain. A. started; had already hidden ?
B. had started; had already hidden C. had started; was hiding????
D. was starting; hidCA4. (2006全国)
John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _______ for the wedding. A. will plan? B. has planned??
C. would plan? D. had planned
5. (2006天津)
－Did Linda see the traffic accident?? －No, no sooner________ than it happened. A. had she gone? B. she had gone?
C. has she gone??? D. she has goneDA3. Red shows the bravery, revolution, strength and blood of the French, which were all needed to change the country. (P34)1). strength (EFFORT) [U] the ability to do things that need a lot of physical or mental effort: 努力、尽力、力量 She had the strength and stamina to take the lead and win the gold medal. Admitting you've made a mistake is a sign of strength, not weakness. We shall struggle on, drawing our strength from the courage of others. Much of the country's military strength lies in its missile force. strengthen ?? verb [I or T] to make something stronger or more effective 使强壮、加强、巩固 They have been strengthening their border defenses in preparation for war. His battle against cancer has strengthened his belief in God. The accident strengthens the case for better safety measures at fairgrounds. The organization's aim is to strengthen the cultural ties between Britain and Germany. 2). Attributive clause Attributive: A word or word group, such as an adjective, that is placed adjacent to the noun it modifies without a linking verb; for example, pale in the pale girl. While a clause is used as an attributive, it is called attributive clause. 高考链接1.（2006江苏）
The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. A. who? B. that? C. as? D. whichD2.（2006湖南）
We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, ______ we gave some bells and glasses.
to which? B. to whom?
C. with whom? D. with which
3.（2006陕西）
She was educated at Beijing University, _______ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.
A. after that??? B. from that??
C. from which??? D. after whichBD4. （2006山东）
We’re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.（山东06） A. where?? B. that?? C. when?? D. which
5. (2005广东)
Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _______ people were eaten by the tiger.
A. in which B. by which C. which D. that 6. (2005天津)
Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _______ effects the people are still suffering.
A. that B. whose C. those D. whatAAB4. In this way, the French Tricolore has become one of the most influential national flags. (P34)1). influential influence ?? noun [C or U] the power to have an effect on people or things影响力；影响 Helen's a bad/good influence on him. Christopher hoped to exert his influence to make them change their minds. At the time she was under the influence of her father. influence verb [T] to affect or change how someone or something develops, behaves or thinks: 影响 She's very good at making friends and influencing people. [+ object + to infinitive] What influenced you to choose a career in nursing? influential ?adjective 有影响力的 She wanted to work for a bigger and more influential (= powerful) newspaper. Johnson was influential (= important) in persuading the producers to put money into the film. 2) Grammar point: Perfective tense A perfective tense used to express action completed in the past; "`I had finished' is an example of the past perfect"高考链接1.（2006江苏）
Although medical science __________ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. A. achieved? B. has achieved?
C. will achieve? D. had achieve 2.（2006陕西）
The construction of the two new railway lines _______by now. A. has been completed??? B. have been completed C. has completed????? D. have completed AA3. （2006湖北）
I won't tell the student the answer to the math problem until he ____on it for more than an hour. A. has been working????????????? B. will have worked
C. will have been working??????? D. had workedA5. At that time, there were thirteen states, which is far fewer than the fifty that make up today’s USA. (P34)1). make up to form a particular thing, amount or number as a whole: 组成 Road accident victims make up almost a quarter of the hospital's patients. The book is made up of a number of different articles. make常用短语及用法:make for somewhere/sth (GO TOWARDS)They made for the centre of town. make for sth (MAKE POSSIBLE) Having faster computers would make for a more efficient system make sth up (INVENT) phrasal verbto invent something, such as an excuse or a story, often in order to deceive: 编造 I made up an excuse about having to look after the kids. My dad was always really good at making up stories. make allowances for To make allowances for someone or their characteristics is to take their characteristics into consideration and not judge them too severely: 考虑到、体谅 You should make allowances for him - he's been quite ill recently. make the best of to make an unsatisfactory situation as pleasant as possible: 充分利用 We'll have to spend the night here, so we might as well make the best of it. make ends meet to have just enough money to pay for the things that you need使收支相平衡make fun of sb/sth to make a joke about someone or something in a way that is not kind: 取笑某人 The other children were always making fun of him because he was fat and wore glasses. make certain/sure to take action so that you are certain that something happens, is true, etc: 确保、务必 I'll just make sure I've turned the oven off. Make certain (that) we have enough drink for the party.
Make sure you're home by midnight. Jones made sure of his place in the side with three fine goals. I think I locked the door but I'll go back and check just to make sure. 2). Comparative and superlative degree of adjective and adverbsComparative degree: expressing a greater degree or “more”, e.g. better, worse, slower, more difficult. Superlative: of adjective s or adverbs expressing the highest or a very high degree, e.g. best, slowest, and most difficult.高考链接1.（2006江苏 ） I wish you’d do ________ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better.??
a bit less? B. any less?
C. much more? D. a little moreA2.（2006安徽） Of the two sisters, Betty is?________one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.
A. a younger??????????????? B. a youngest
C. the younger????????????? D. the youngest 3.（2006四川）
-Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
-Yes. I’ve never been to?_______?one before. ?A. a more excited? B. the most excited???
C. a more exciting D. the most exciting 4.（2006陕西）
I used to earn _______ than a pound a week when I first started work. A. less B. fewer?? ?C. a few???? D. little CCA6. The colonists decided that their freedom was no longer optional and that their independence would not be won by being passive. (P35)1). optional[C or U] one thing which can be chosen from a set of possibilities, or the freedom to make a choice: 选择The best option would be to cancel the trip altogether. There are various options open to someone who is willing to work hard. They didn't leave him much option - either he paid or they'd beat him up. [C] SPECIALIZED the right to buy something in the future: 选择权 The publishers decided not to take up their option on the paperback version. optional ? adjective 可供选择的、可选择的 English is compulsory for all students, but art and music are optional. 2). passive voicea way of structuring a sentence so that the grammatical subject is the person or thing which experiences the effect of an action, rather than the person or thing which causes the effect: When changed into the passive, 'The dog chased the cat' becomes 'The cat was chased by the dog'.高考链接1.（2006江苏）
--- I don’t suppose the police know who did it. --- Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and ________ now. ?? A. has been questioned?? B. is being questioned ?? C. is questioning? ? D. has questioned 2.（2006辽宁）
It is said that the early European playing-cards ____ for entertainment and education. A. were being designed??????B. have designed C. have been designed?????? D. were designed BD3.（2006山东）
Although the causes of cancer ____, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.
are being uncovered??
B. have been uncovering??
C. are uncovering???????
D. have uncovered A7. The thirteen stripes are to remind people of the original thirteen states that joined together to fight for independence form Britain. (P35)1). are to remind people of ……在英语里，“?be?+?to?do?”结构可用来表示将来时间，它的具体用法如下： 1.?表示“按计划、安排（要做某事）”。例如： We?are?to?meet?at?the?school?gate.? （我们将在校门口碰头。） They?are?to?go?travelling?in?August.?（他们计划八月份去旅游。） 2.?表示“命令”。例如： You?are?to?be?back?before?five?o’clock.?（你须?5?点钟以前回来。） The?room?is?to?be?locked.?（这个房间要上锁。） 3.?表示“职责”。例如： I’m?to?inform?you?that?the?meeting?will?be?held?in?Wuhan.（我谨通知你会议将在武汉召开。） He?is?to?design?a?new?machine.?（他将设计一台新机器。） 4.?表示“目的”。例如： The?prize?was?to?honor?him?for?his?great?discoveries.?（这项奖励是为了对他的重大发现而表示的敬意。） 5.?表示“用途”。例如： A?pen?is?to?write?with.?（钢笔是用来写字的。） 6.?表示“命中注定”。例如： They?were?never?to?meet?again.?（他们注定以后永远不会再见面了。） 7.?表示“应该做（某事）”。例如： What?are?we?to?do?next？?（我们下一步应该怎么办？） What?is?to?be?done?when?something?gets?into?your? eyes？（如果你眼睛里进了东西，该怎么办？） 8.?表示“可能性”。例如： It’s?eleven?o’clock?now.?He?is?to?get?to?Mike’s?house.?（现在?11?点了，可能他已经到达迈克的家了。） Let’s?see?who?is?to?win?the?game.?（让我们看看谁会赢得这场比赛。） 9.?表示“征求对方的意见”。例如： Am?I?to?go?on?with?the?work？? （这项工作我是不 是接着干下去？） When?are?they?to?hand?in?their?plan？（他们的计划什么时候交上来？）? 高考链接1. (NMET'99)
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.? ?A. not make????????????? B. not to make?? ?C. not making??????????? D. do not makeB8. The flag, which could not be further simplified, is red band over a white one, and is based on a national flag dating back to the 13th century. (P35)1). date backto have existed a particular length of time or since a particular time:追溯到……时间 This tradition dates back to medieval times 2). base sth on sth If you base something on facts or ideas, you use those facts or ideas to develop it: 以……基础 The film is based on a short story by Thomas Mann. 3). a national flag dating back to the 13th centuryIn this sentence, ing-form is used as an attributive;高考链接1.（2006湖南）
The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _____ the desert. A. covering??? B. covered????C. cover?????D. to cover
2.（2006天津）
Don’t respond to any e-mails?_______ personal information, no matter how official they look. A. searching?B. asking?C. requesting?D. questioning AC3.（2006辽宁）
I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _____ Chinese in the school, most???_____???were from Germany. A. study; of whom?? ????? ?B. study; of them C. studying; of them?????? ?D. studying; of?whom D9. The most common one is that red stands for blood, or things that are physical, while white represents the spiritual.1). spirit (NOT BODY) ?? noun [U] the characteristics of a person that are considered as being separate from the body, and which many religions believe continue to exist after the body dies: 精神 Although he's now living in America, I feel he's with me in spirit spiritual ?? adjective Traditional ways of life fulfilled both economic and spiritual needs. 2). while despite the fact that; although: 尽管 While I accept that he's not perfect in many respects, I do actually quite like the man. While I fully understand your point of view, I do also have some sympathy with Michael's.while (BUT) Tom is very extrovert and confident while Katy's shy and quiet. I do every single bit of housework while he just does the dishes now and again 高考链接1.（2006天津）
The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain,??? ?? the quality of life is probably one of the highest. A. since??????? B. when??????? C. as???????????? D. while
2（2004江苏）
I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.
A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless DA3). predicative clause
(In grammar, especially of adjectives or phrases) following a verb such as be, get, become, seem, look. If a clause is used as a predicative, it is called a predicative clause.高考链接1.（2005全国I）
See the flags on top of the building? That was______ we did this morning. A. when????????? B. which???????? C. where????????? D. What D2. (2005江苏)
---Don’t you think it necessary that he _____ to Miami but to New York?
---I agree, but the problem is _______ he has refused to.
will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
3. (2002 上海)
Perseverance is a kind of quality—and that’s ______ it takes to do anything well.
A. what B. that C. which D. whyBA10. It can also symbolize the fire that comes from Indonesia’s volcanoes, or the fact that the equator goes through the country. (P35)1) go through the equator goes through the country 通过、穿过go常用短语及用法go against sth/sb phrasal verb to oppose or disagree with something or someone反对 Public opinion is going against the government on this issue. What you're asking me to do goes against everything I believe in. go ahead phrasal verb to start to do something: 开始做、继续 I got so fed up with waiting for him to do it that I just went ahead and did it myself. "Could I ask you a rather personal question?" "Sure, go ahead." go for sth (LIKE) phrasal verb I don't go for war films in a big way (= very much). What sort of men do you go for (are you attracted to)? go in for sth (ENJOY) phrasal verb to do something regularly, or to enjoy something爱好 I've never really gone in for classical music, but I love jazz. go over sth (EXAMINE) phrasal verb to examine or look at something in a careful or detailed way: 检查、复习 Forensic scientists are going over the victim's flat in a search for clues about the murderer. I've gone over the problem several times, but I can't think of a solution. go through sth (EXPERIENCE) phrasal verb to experience a difficult or unpleasant situation经历、体验 I've been going through a bad patch recently. You'd think his children would be more sympathetic towards him after all he's gone through go without (sth) phrasal verb to not have something or to manage to live despite not having something: 将就着过 If you don't want fish for dinner, then you'll just have to go without! I'd rather go without food than work for him. go wrong to make a mistake: 出问题 These shelves are very easy to put together - you can't go wrong. I thought I'd done this correctly, I just can't understand where I've gone wrong. 高考链接（2006广东）
The traffic lights?______?green and I pulled away. ?A. came????????????? B. grew???????? C. got????? D. wentD11. It will also make it more interesting to read because you can compare your own knowledge with the new information you learnt from the article. (P35)1). compare (EXAMINE DIFFERENCES) ??to examine or look for the difference between two or more things: 比较、对比 That seems expensive - have you compared prices in other shops? Compare some recent work with your older stuff and you'll see how much you've improved. Children seem to learn more interesting things compared to/with when we were at school. comparative ?? adjective comparing different things: 可比的、相对的 She's carrying out a comparative study of health in inner cities and rural areas. comparatively ?adverb as compared to something else: 可比较的 We couldn't afford it and yet we're comparatively well-off (= we are richer than most people). Comparatively speaking, this machine is easy to use. comparison ? when two or more people or things are compared: 比较、对比 They made a comparison of different countries' eating habits. By/In comparison with the French, the British eat far less fish. 2). The usage of “it” It is used as a formal object; the real object of the sentence is to read.高考链接1.（2006湖南）
As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _____ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town. A. this??? ?B. that????????????? ?C. one????????????? ?D. it
2.（2006浙江）
_______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. ? A. As ?B. That? C. This? D. It DD3.（2006全国I）
If I can help_______, I don't like working late into the night. A. so???????????? B. that????????? C. it????????????? D. them
4.（2006山东）
I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A. that?? B. it?? C. this?? D. you
5. (2005全国I/II)
The chairman thought _______ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
A. that B. it C. this D. him CBBHomework:
1. Read the text again and again. Try to
memorize the language points.
2. Part A1 and A2 on page 118 in Workbook to practice using the words and phrases learnt in the reading section. 课件27张PPT。Task Designing Beijing opera masks Skills building 1:
understanding adjectives describing characteristics or personality Do you know how to describe people and things by using some adjectives in English?Step 1: getting to know the characters1. You will listen to a playwright talking about the different characters in a new opera based on a Western story, and then complete the notes about each character’s characteristics.Answers
A:
King Alfred: stubborn, intelligent, powerful, fair
The princess: intelligent, honest
The captain: brave, cool-headed, loyal, trustworthy
The Prime minister: ambitious, dishonest
King George: fierce, violent 2. One of the performers come to you and asks for your advice. He wants to play a role that is the opposite of his last role. Listen to the tape and finish Part B.Answers:
B
disloyal; timid; untrustworthy; impulsive
Role I choose for the performer: the captain 3. Read a magazine article about the meanings of different colors used in Beijing opera masks in Part C on page 43 and circle the colors according to the personality of the role.Answers:
C
red; purple; black Skills building 2:
putting words in the correct orderDiscussion:
1. How to ask the right questions in the right way?For reference:
When asking a question, it is important to put the words in t he sentence in the correct order, other we may not get the answers we are looking for. Discussion:
2. Raise some questions about Beijing opera masks.For reference:
1. What color is used for a brave and loyal character in Beijing opera masks?
2. Is yellow suitable for a trustworthy character? Why or why not?
3. If the character has great intelligence and is very stubborn, what colors might we use in a mask? Step 2: informing the performer1. Read the guidelines on page 44 and go through the information listed in the table on page 44 and make sure how to answer the questions.
2. Acting: Work in pairs, making a dialogue. One acts as the performer and the other as the other as the director. When conducting the interview, you may refer to the information on page 42 and 43. Sample answers
P=Performer D=Director
P: Good morning, director. Could you spare me a few minutes to answer some questions?
D: Sure, I would be glad to. What would you like to know about?
P: I wonder what colors you are going to use for my role.
D: Well, the colors for you are red, purple and black.
P: Why did you choose these colors?
D: Well, as you know, red is a color for brave and loyal characters; a purple face show a calm character and black can show the character is trustworthy.
P: I see. What colors are not suitable for this role.
D: Colors like white, yellow, reddish purple, blue or green are not suitable for your role.
P: Are there any particular reasons?
D: Sure. In Beijing opera, the main color used on the face or mask tells the audience the character’s most significant quality. Generally speaking, white suggests dishonesty and betrayal; yellow symbolizes a character that has great intelligence and ambition; reddish purple indicates someone fair and noble; blue shows a moral and stubborn character and green tells that audience that the character is easily angered and violent. P: Oh, there’s so much to see. Can you tell me a typical character that a color may symbolize?
D: Guan Yu, a general from that Three Kingdoms Period. You know he is famous for being very loyal to his emperor, Liu Bei.
P: So he must have a red face.
D: Exactly, Cao Cao and Qin Hui should have typical a white faces as they are evil characters. For fierce and violent characters like Zhang Fei and Li Kui, we use black face paint.
P: That sounds interesting. Thank you very much. I think your explanation helps me understand the role much better.
D: You’re welcome. For Reference: Face-painting in Beijing opera
Face-painting—The make-up that the Beijing Opera puts on the actor's face also has a special characteristic for displaying the character of the specific role. Using particular colors on the actor's face to symbolize their character and quality, role and destiny is not only the major characteristic of Beijing Opera, but also the key to understand the opera's plot. Simply speaking, the red painted-face has the commendatory meaning, representing allegiance and gallantry; The black painted-face is more neutral, representing valor and wise; The blue and the green ones are also neutrality, representing the bold and courageous hero; The yellow and the white painted-faces has the derogatory meaning, representing atrocity and duplicity; The golden and the argentite painted-faces are more mystical, representing god or a monster. Skills building 3: recording information 1. Group work:
You are to work in groups of four and create
a table to introduce your classmates. Then
your will be required to give a presentation
to other group members according to the
categories you have designed.Suggested categories:
Name: ___________________; Sex___________________;
Age: ___________________:
Likes: ___________________
Dislikes: ___________________
Dream: ___________________ Step 3: recording information about your mask. 1. Read the instructions in Step 3, so you can learn that you are going to record information about why you designed the mask the way you did. You need to create a table and finish it with the information you have gathered in Steps 1 and 2.
2. Work in small groups to design the record. Language points1. Beijing opera roles require performers to paint their faces in patterns and colors to help display the dimensions and depth of the character’s personality. (P43)1). charactercharacter (PERSON) ? noun [C] a person, especially when you are describing a particular quality that they have: 人物She's a curious character—I don't really know what to think of her. There were one or two strange-looking characters hanging around the bar. INFORMAL someone whose behavior is different from most people's, especially in a way that is interesting or amusing: 性格、个性 He's quite a character/a real character, is Ted - he's seventy now and still riding that motorbike.高考链接1. (2005上海)
He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his ________ was seen at its best when he worked with others.
A. temper B. appearance C. talent D. characterD2. Used in combination with other colors, though, or where it is not the main color, black can also show that someone is loyal and trustworthy. (P43)1). though ?? conjunction；despite the fact that: 尽管 She hasn't phoned, even though she said she would. adverb；despite this: 尽管、然而 We were at school together. I haven't seen her for years though. 高考链接1. (2005江苏)
---How is everything going on with you in Europe?
---Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hoped, _______.
A. though B. instead C. either D. too AHomework
1. Review this part and make sure you know how to ask questions in right way and how to record information.
2. Surf the Internet to get more information about Beijing opera.课件32张PPT。The meaning of colourWelcome to the unitThe world is full of colors. Without color, the world would be a far less interesting place. Which color do you like best and why?RedOrangeYellowGreenCyanBluePurpleOf all the colors, I prefer red color. Because, as far as I am concerned, red can represent many things and has many symbolic meanings in China. Usually, Chinese like to associate happy and successful things with red. For instance, in Chinese there are phrases such as “红利”、“红火”、“红包”(to express happy or fortunate tings )“披红”、“开门红”、“满堂红”(to express successful things or good wishes for the future). Also, as we all know, our national flag, to which we salute every day, is five-star red flag. The red color of the flag represents the revolution, the blood and lives of revolutionary martyrs. There are many other examples of the red color’s popularity in China. So, in my opinion, red is the most widely-used color in china and it’s my favorite color. Discussion: What does red, yellow, blue or another color mean? Red signifies the choleric temperament. Red
is generally taken to be the color of life, of the glowing sun and of fire. Love and joy, rage and anger are the polar values of the color red. Red is said to make the blood boil, to increase the pulse rate, to raise the blood pressure and the rate of breathing. Red is also the color of desire. Red generally supports the circulatory functions and is applied with success to combat anemia, asthma, diseases of the larynx, certain skin diseases and chronic coughs. RedYellow is the symbol of the sun at the zenith. Yellow is the brightest of all colors. In the psychology of colors, yellow stands for detached serenity. Yellow reflects light in all directions, thereby creating an impression of liberation; it cancels out any feeling of heaviness or oppression. Professor Luscher writes that the color yellow drives us forward towards new, modern frontiers, and that it is therefore future oriented. YellowBlue is the color of peace and infinity. Blue profoundly calms and relaxes us. Our bodies and minds are conveyed to a state of peace, repose and softness. Blue
Orange is the color of cheerfulness and gaiety. Being a color mixed from red and yellow, it stands for kind-heartedness and warm-heartedness of an individual. Orange symbolizes the rising sun; it makes us alert and cheerful. It causes stimulation, warmth and happiness. Orange fills us with joy and cheerfulness. It affects both our bodies and our minds. OrangeIn our daily life, people often can imagine something from a certain kind of color. So, have a try and tell your classmates, what can you imagine from the following colors (use some adjectives to describe it)?excited, enthusiastic, noble happy, energetic, active bright, hopeful, joyful mysterious, gentle, elegant peaceful, comfortable, fresh wise, outgoing, fresh depressed, pessimistic, serious, calm, firm Look at the pictures and answer questions:1. What is this building? 2. Can you describe the national flags of any particular country?
3.Why does each country have its own national flag with its own pattern and colors? 1. It is the United Nation’s Headquarters in New York, the USA 2. Each country has a unique culture, tradition and history. The pattern and colors of the national flags are chosen to symbolize these elements German Indonesia Canada 1. Do you know what the name the flower is?Tulip 2. Can you say something about the flower?The tulip was originally a wild flower, growing in Central Asia. It was introduced in Western Europe and the Netherlands in the 17th century. Now it is the national flower of Netherlands. Why do you think people like tulips? Many people like tulips because of their bright colors, dramatic flames and frilly petals. Tulips have become a huge business in the Netherlands. What are the colors red and white always used in western cultures? What are the colors red and white always used for in East? White is the traditional color for wedding in the West, while in the East, it is red.Beijing Opera1.What colors are used for different roles in Chinese opera? 2.What do the terms ‘sheng’ ‘dan’ ‘jing’ and ‘chou’ in Beijing opera refer to? 1. In Chinese opera, differently colored faces represent different personalities. For example, red means bravery and loyalty. White represents cunning. Black suggests fierceness or violence.2. These are four different types of roles in Beijing opera. ‘sheng’and ‘dan’ are the positive male and female roles. ‘jing’ refers to the supporting role. ‘chou’ is the clown of someone who has negative features. A Brief Introduction of Beijing Opera
Beijing opera, which has existed for over 200 years, is a national treasure for Chinese people. It is usually involves interesting make-up and magnificent costumes. Despite being called Beijing opera, its birthplace is not in Beijing but in Anhui and Hubei. Today, this traditional art form is becoming less popular because the young generation seems to have difficulty understanding the unique performances. Discussion:1. Can you think of any examples of the use of a particular color on a special occasion?For example, during the Chinese New Year, people always wear red clothes, as red is believed to scare away evil spirits and bring good luck in the coming year. Chinese people also wear red for traditional Chinese weddings. In this case, red means something happy. However, for funerals, people choose to wear black or white clothes rather than red clothes, because people believe red shows disrespect towards the dead.2. Think of a foreign country. What color do you associate with that country? Why? In my opinion, Spain is associated with red. The Spanish people are so enthusiastic and energetic that they remind me of a burning red fire. Also, a matador, or bullfighter, uses a piece of blood red cloth to excite or danger the bull. The Spanish women seem to be very fiery and full of life when they dancing the famous dance, the flamenco. Their red skirts seem to move like dancing flames, so bright and joyful. 3. What color would you choose to represent your character? Why?White is the most proper color to represent me. Unlike when mixing colored paint, when colored lights are mixed together, the result is white light. White light is the product of every color in the light spectrum, and this reflects how I see myself. I am a person with many qualities and positive characteristics. Just like white light, I am the product of multiple influences, such as my family, teachers and friends. Language points1. Can you think of any examples of the use of a particular color on a special occasion? (P33)1). particularadjective? special or single, or this and not any other? 特别的，特殊的 Is there a particular restaurant you'd like to eat at?
What in particular (= special things) did you like about the last apartment that we saw? particularly adverb? very or very much; especially?特别地，特殊地 We're particularly interested in hearing from people who are fluent in both Spanish and English. particular (CAREFUL) adjective? wanting to make choices carefully because you are not easily satisfied? 挑剔的，在意的 She's very particular about what she eats.2. The tulip comes in many different colors and is the national flower of the Netherlands. (p33)1). come
verb?[I]? to move or travel toward the speaker or with the speaker?走近、靠近 Are you coming over to my house tonight? The man is coming to fix the dryer this afternoon. coming 即将到来的 adjective? We look forward to even greater success in the coming year.come常用短语及用法:come across to find (something or someone) by chance?偶然遇见，发现
He came across some old love letterscome up with to suggest or think of (an idea or plan)?提出 Reublinger came up with a great idea for the ad campaign.come at to move quickly toward (someone) to attack them?袭击 He came at me with a knife.come by to obtain (something)?获得，得到 A good boss is not so easy to come by. I'd like to know how she came by that black eye.come off (SUCCEED) to happen as planned or to succeed? 取得成功 I thought the party came off really well.come on ?to move or act quickly or more quick 催促，鼓励 Come on -- we're going to be late if you don't hurry! You can also say come on to express annoyance or lack of belief: Oh, come on! You don't expect me to give up my bed for him? come to to become conscious again after an accident or medical operation?苏醒过来 She sat by the child's bedside until he came to.
?to reach (a particular point)?达到，提到 His hair comes down to his shoulders. We haven't come to a decision on the matter yet. come true If something you desire comes true, it happens: 实现? I'd always dreamed of owning my own home and now my dream has come trueHow come 口语：怎么会的
How come you got invited and I didn't (= Why did that happen)? 高考链接1.（2006天津）
Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isn’t much help when it?_____ shopping and eating. A. refers to? B. speaks of????C. focuses on??D. comes to
2.（2006湖南）
It's already 10 o'clock I wonder how it _______ that she was two hours late on such a short trip. ?A. came over?B. came out?C. came about?D. came upDC高考链接3. (2005福建)
The dictionary is being printed and it will soon _______.
A. turn out B. come out C. start out D. go out
4. (2005江西)
Please tell me how the accident ________. I am still in the dark.
A. came by B. came upon C. came to D. came about BDHomework:
1. Collect more information about the meaning of color.
2. Prepare the Reading part.课件30张PPT。Word powerThe meaning of colourSome flowers for appreciation: Peony Tulip Rose Water lily Clubs Orchid Discussion: 1. What kind of the things can represent a country? national flag national flower national emblem national anthem Russia Read the article about different national flowers of different countries and fill in the table.Lotus
Purity, beauty, wealth and knowledge
Orchid
National pride and identity
Iris
Hope and wisdomTulip
Rose
Love and beauty
Rose
War of the Roses
Rose
Religious and spiritual symbol; perfection Look at the pictures below. Match each country with its national flower. Netherlands India USA Singapore France Lotus orchid iris tulip rose Enjoy some national anthems USAFranceCanada Discussion: the following are some countries’ national emblems; try to guess which country each emblem belongs to. (Pay attention to the colors and pictures on the emblems.)USA German France Britain Australia Discussion Discuss with your partner and try to guess the meanings of the color idioms appear in the following sentences.(1). It was really a red-letter day when I met my idol and got her to sign her name on my shirt.
(2). He fell down the stairs and was black and blue all over.
(3). Mrs. Smith has the best gardens in my town and she really has green fingers.
(4). He spent 30,000 yuan on a painting by a famous artist, but it turned out to be a false one, so it is now actually a white elephant for him.For reference:
1. The idiom refers to a special day when something important or happy happened. It is called ‘red-letter’ because important holidays are always pained red in calendars.
2. The idiom refers to being covered with blue, brown or purple bruises on the body.
3. The idiom refers to being talented at keeping plants and gardening.
4. The idiom refers to something that has no use even though it might have been very expensive. Translate the following sentences with color idioms:1. Red
(1) The president was treated to the red carpet in Rome.
(2) It was a red-letter day in the history of Chinese revolution.
(3) A thief was caught red-handed in the act of breaking open a lock.
(4) You said that I am very good. Is my face red?
(5) When he started criticizing my work, I really saw red.
(6) There is too much red-tape in obtaining an identity card. (7) They had to sell the firm because for years they had operated it in the red.
(8) We'll soon be out of the red.
(9) Every time he comes to New York, he wants to paint the town red. 1. 总统在罗马受到了隆重的接待。
2. 这是中国历史上值得纪念的日子。
3. 一个窃贼在砸开锁时被当场抓获。
4. 你说我很好，真使我难为情了。
5. 当他批评 我的工作时，我就冒火、发脾气。
6. 领身份证的手续实在太繁琐了。
7. 因为经营这家公司几年来一直亏损，所以他们只好把它卖掉。
8. 我们很快就会扭亏为盈。
9. 每次来纽约，他都要痛饮一番。2. Green
He is still green to his job.
Do you see any green in my eye?
If you want to be a successful gardener, of course you've got to have green fingers.
She is a green hand in teaching English.
Mother gave us the green light to go on the camping trip this summer.
He has a green wound in the left breast. 1. 他对其工作尚无经验。
2. 你认为我幼稚可欺吗？
3. 假如你想当个称职的园工，那你就得有园艺技能。
4. 在英语教学中，他还是个生手。
5. 妈妈准许我们今年夏天去野营一次。
6. 他左胸上有一新伤口。 3. Blue
(1) He is proud of his blue blood.
(2)Things are looking extremely blue.
(3)True blue will never stain.
(4)She ran and ran until she was blue in the face.
(5)It's once in a blue moon that you get a chance like that.
(6)He can read like a blue streak.
(7)The bad news came like a bolt out of the blue.
(8)John arrived out of the blue.
(9) A rainy day always gives me the blues. 1. 他因出身名门贵族而骄傲。
2. 情况极其不妙。
3. 真金不怕火炼。
4. 她跑啊跑啊，累得脸色发青精疲力竭。
5. 你得到的是个千载难逢的机会。
6. 他看书极快。
7. 这消息来得如青天霹雳。
8. 约翰突然来了。
9. 下雨天总是使我心情抑郁。4. Brown
(1) The leaves browned slowly.???
(2) We are all of us done brown.
(3) When she gives a dinner party, she always does it up brown.???
(4) I'm browned off, sitting here all day with nothing to do.
(5) Aim at one bird, don't blaze into the brown.
(6) I tried to attract his attention, but he was in a brown study.??? 1. 树叶渐渐枯了。
2. 我们都上当了。
3. 她举行宴会，总是办得很出色。
4. 我整天坐在这儿没事干，感到抑郁无聊。
5. 瞄准一只打，不要射击鸟群。
6. 我企图吸引他的注意力，可是他仍在沉思默想。5. Black
(1) The black dog is over him.???
(2) Tom is the black sheep of his family.
(3) Next time l see him, I'll give him a black eye. 1. 他意气消沉。
2. 汤姆是个败家子。
3. 下次我见到他一定打他一顿。 Discussion: Guess the meaning of the following phrases.blue Monday A. 骗子
white rage B. 铁匠
white lie C. 忧郁、不开心的人
4. white night D. 忘恩负义之徒
5. yellow journalism E. 不眠之夜
6. yellow dog F. 震怒
7. red flag G. 倒霉的星期一
8. black dog H. 不怀恶意的谎言
9. black letter day I. 耸人听闻的报道
10. black smith J. 让人生气的东西
11. black sheep K. 倒霉的一天
12. black leg L. 害群之马，败家子 Keys:
1. G 2. J 3. H 4. E 5. H 6. D 7. J 8. C 9. K 10. B 11. L 12. A Language points1. It is named after the Greek goddess of the rainbow.（P38）1). name sb/sth after sb/sth phrasal verb (US ALSO name sb/sth for sb/sth) to give someone or something the same name as another person or thing: 以……命名 Paul was named after his grandad. She told us about his brother, Apollo, born in 1969 and named for the U.S. astronauts' mission to the moon. in the name of sb (ALSO in sb's name) for someone or belonging to someone: 以……名义 I've come to collect my tickets—I reserved them by phone yesterday in the name of Tremin. The house is in my wife's name. 2. I’ve been working so hard to make sure I could pass all my exams that I’d even given up my part-time job and now I was in the red.（P39）1). give upto stop doing something before you have completed it, usually because it is too difficult: 放弃 [+ ing form of verb] I've given up trying to help her. up常用短语及用法add up to sth (AMOUNT) phrasal verb to become a particular amount: 累计、总计 We thought we'd bought lots of food, but it didn't add up to much when we'd spread it out on the table bring sb up (CARE FOR) phrasal verb [M] to care for a child until it is an adult, often giving it particular beliefs: 培养、抚养 She was brought up by her grandmother. They brought her up (as/to be) a Catholic. bring sth up to vomit something: 呕吐 She was crying so much I thought she'd bring up her breakfast. build (sb/sth) up to increase or become larger or stronger, or to cause someone or something to do this:逐渐形成 Tension is building up between the two communities. It took her ten years to build up her publishing business.cheer (sb) up If someone cheers up, or something cheers them up, they start to feel happier: 振作起来 She was ill so I sent her some flowers to cheer her up. Cheer up! It's not that bad! clear up If the weather clears up, the cloud and rain disappears: 天气放晴 I hope it clears up in time for the picnic. fix sth up to arrange a meeting, date, event, etc: 安排 I'd like to fix up a meeting with you next week sometime. keep (sth) up (CONTINUE) phrasal verb [M] to continue without stopping or changing, or to continue something without allowing it to stop or change: 保持、维持 Keep up the good work! light (sth) up (EXPRESSION) phrasal verb [M] If your face or eyes light up, or if a smile lights up your face, you suddenly look happy:神情焕发 Rosie's whole face lit up with excitement when she saw the presents. live up to sth phrasal verb to be as good as something: 不辜负 The concert was brilliant - it lived up to all our expectations. set sth up (START) phrasal verb [M] to formally establish a new company, organization, system, way of working, etc: 建立 She plans to set up her own business. They've set up a fund for victims of the earthquake. turn up (somewhere) (APPEAR) phrasal verb [M] INFORMAL to arrive or appear somewhere, usually unexpectedly or in way that was not planned: 出现 Do you think many people will turn up? She turned up at my house late one night. 高考链接1.（2006山东）
After he retired from office, Rogers ____ painting for a while, but soon lost interest. A. took up? B. saved up?? C. kept up???D. drew up
2.（2006湖北）As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village ______scenes of my childhood. ??A. called up?B. called for?C. called on?? D. called in
3. (2005安徽)
Kathy _______ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.
A. picked up B. took up
C. made up D. turned up AAA4. (2005江苏)
Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _______ jokes.
turning up B. putting up
C. making up D. showing up
5. (2002 北京春)
-- Smoking is bad for your health.
-- Yes I know. But I simply can’t _______.
give it up B. give it in
C. give it out D. give it awayCAHomework
1. Surf the internet to get as much information about a country’s emblems as possible.
2. Try to remember some color idioms. Grammar and usage
Step 1: General introduction
The grammar items in this unit deal with apposition. You will learn what appositions are and how to form appositions in sentences. You are expected to apply what you have learnt in practical use.
Step2: Explanation and practice:
Definition: a construction in which a noun or noun phrase is placed with another as an explanatory equivalent, both having the same syntactic relation to the other elements in the sentence.
1. When two noun phrases come one after the other in a sentence and both refer to the same thing, these nouns phrases are in apposition.
Examples;
1). The French flag, the ‘Tricolore’, was first used in 1789, at the start of the French Revolution. (The French flag and the ‘Tricolore ’are in apposition as they refer to the same thing)
2). The USA was also born from revolution, and its flag, ‘Stars and Stripes’, symbolizes this. (its flag and ‘Stars and Stripes’ are in apposition as they refer to the same thing.)
3). Mr Li, my uncle, will be off to London next month. (Mr. Li and my uncle are in apposition as they refer to the same person.)
4). This film, The promise, has been very popular recently. (This film and The promise in apposition as they refer to the same thing.)
2. When use a comma before and after the second phrase when it adds more information.
The flag, a simple design of red over white, has a long history that dates back to the 13th century.
3. We do not use a comma before and after the second phrase when it explains what the first one is.
The colors red, white and blue used on the flag are a visual reminder of the motto of the Revolution—liberty, equality and fraternity.
4. We sometimes use apposition to emphasize our ideas.
We love our flag, our unique flag.
Tom is my friend, my closest friend.
5. A noun clause after a noun can also be a form of an apposition.
Examples:
1).The news that France had a successful revolution had a big effect on other countries, particularly those in Europe.
2).The fact that some countries use the same colors on the flags can mean they share similar beliefs.
3).We can use apposition to join two sentences together.
4).The team has won the game. Everyone in the city is excited by the news.
5).Everyone in the city is excited by the news that the team has won the game.
6).The monitor didn’t tell us the truth that our football team won the first prize in the match.
7).We have got the information that all the students will have to pass the oral test before they can go in for the competition.
6. Other nouns that can be used before the noun clauses in apposition include:
Truth idea hope information
Many people are unaware of the truth that the USA was colonized by Britain.
The idea that red represents bravery and blood is widely believed.
I am reading this book in the hope that I can learn more about nation.
Did he give you the information that the meaning of different flags should be explained in your report?
7. Exercise: find out the appositive in the following sentences:
1).Your brother, a proud and unbending man, refused all help that was offered him.
2).Churchill, Britain’s prime minister during the Second World War, died in 1965.
3). Playing football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.
4).Only one problem still remains—the storage of the grain.
5).My father will go and see it himself.
6).My friends all understand me.
7).The question who should attend the meeting has not yet been steeled.
8).She liked her job, teaching English.
9). Lucy, in her youth a talented musician, still gives concerts every now and then.
10). Nothing is too hard for us Chinese people.
Answers:
1. a proud and unbending man 2. Britain’s prime minister during the Second World War
3. his only interest in life 4. the storage of the grain
5. himself 6. all
7. who should attend the meeting 8. teaching English
9. a talented musician 10. Chinese
8. Read the passage about British traditions in Part A on page 41 and find out all the phrases in apposition in pairs.
Answers: A
1. the British Queen, Elizabeth Ⅱ
2. Horse Guards Parade, the entrance to the Royal Palace
3. the closet Saturday to 12 June, the day when her birthday is officially celebrated
4. a very colorful event, one that has become an institution for celebrating the King or Queen’s birthday since 1805
5. Buckingham Palace, the Queen’s home in London
9. Finish Part B individually.
Answers B
1. I’m very confused by the idea that red can mean revolution in France and a considerate nature in Indonesia.
2. I have to ask someone from Indonesia to find out about the theory that Indonesia people think red represents sugar.
3. It is a fact that I have done a lot of research.
4. I don’t think that it is a problem that the information I have found is all in English.
5. I’m so delighted by the news that there is going to be a speech about color.
For reference:
There are some other nouns used in apposition.
doubt, answer, reply, question, thought, word, suggestion, idea, possibility, order
Examples：
There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down in China.
We received an answer from the boss that our holidays will begin from this Friday.
We were all excited by his reply that he thought we were the best.
Before we get started, we need to answer the question whether our products will be well accepted.
His thought that computers will soon recognize human voices surprises many people at the conference.
I’ve just got word that my friend john will come this week.
His suggestion that all the children should go to school is accepted
The possibility that man will land on the moon is often discussed
Some detailed explanations on apposition:
句子中指代同一事物的两个词、片语或子句，称同位关系。例如：My sister, Helen Wilson, will travel with?me.句中My sister和Helen Wilson指的是同一个人，它们是同位成分，后一成分通常叫做前一成分的同位语。
一、名词（词组）作同位语Noun (phrase) as the appositive???
?????? 在英语的同位结构中，最普通的是名词性同位结构，即名词词组+同位语。名词词组的同位语通常由名词词组表示，或其他相当于名词词组的结构表示
????例如：
????? --Anna, my best friend, was here last night.? ????? --Paul Jones, the distinguished art critic, died in his sleep last night.? ????? --Mr. Campbell the lawyer was here last night.? ????? --His only interest in life, playing football, has brought him many friends. ????? --He always works hard in spite of the fact that he is not in good health.? ?在名词（词组）作同位语时，我们应注意以下几点： ? a. 同位语所表示的关系相当于连系动词，即可以用be把同位语连接起来。 ????? --Anna is my best friend. ????? --Paul Jones is the distinguished art critic. ????? --Mr. Campbell is the lawyer.? ? b. 以名词词组作另一名词词组的同位语通常紧跟在前一同位成分之后，但有时为了保持句子结构平衡?或者为了加强语势，同位语也可置于句尾，从而造成两个同位成分的分隔。
例如： ????? --Lucy was born in a small town of North America, the daughter of a poor and ignorant miner. ????? --An unusual present was given to him for his birthday, a book on ethics.? ? c. 同位语可分为非限制性同位语(non-restrictive appositive) 和限制性同位语(restrictive appositive)。
英语中的同位语大多是非限制性的。这种同位语在口语中有停顿，在文字中用逗号或破折号隔开。
例如： ????? --Have you read the life of George Washington, the first president of the?U.S.A.? ????? --Children like sweets, especially chocolate.? ????? 限制性同位语和它前面的同位成分关系紧密，形成一个整体。这种同位结构，在口语中两个同位成?分之间没有停顿，在文字中不用逗号或破折号隔开。
例如： ??? ? --Do you know the famous critic Paul Jones? ??? ? --The union will resist any proposal that Mr. Johnson should be dismissed.? ? d. 由第一个（即被说明的）同位成分决定单复数的一致关系。
例如： ??? ? Land, brains, wealth, technology - in other words everything we need - are plentiful in our country. ??? ? 如果我们调换这个例句中的同位成分的位置，谓语动词也会随之变化。 ??? ? --Everything we need - land, brains, wealth, technology - is plentiful in our country.? ? e. 能代替名词词组作同位语常见的结构有ing短语和不定式短语。
例如： ??? ? --She likes her job, teaching English. ????? --His favorite exercise, playing tennis after school, kept him fit. ????? --His last appeal, to come and see her, went unanswered. ????? --The question whether to confess it or not troubled him.? ?二、用作同位语的名词从句 Noun clause as the appositive??? ?????? ??同位语从句属复合句的重要内容，也是高考重要考点之一，学好同位语从句关键应注意下列几点：
a.理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质
在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that，whether等词引导，常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。
例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school．
他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。
b.正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句
1．如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。
例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once．
将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。
2．如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。
例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time．
我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加“是否”的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。
3．如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用when，where，how等词引导同位语从句。
例1：I have no idea when he will be back．
析：he will be back意义不完整，应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。
例2：I have no impression how he went home，perhaps by bike．
析：he went home意义不完整，应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。
c.把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限
同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句对名词加以限制，是名词内容的修饰性定语，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。
例1：Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities．（NMET2001上海）
A．while B．that C．when D．as
析：答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：
It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward．
A．what B．that C．when D．as
析：答案为B。that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。
例2：She heard a terrible noise，____ brought her heart into her mouth．（MET91）
A．it B．which C．this D．that
析：答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：
I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly．
A．it B．which C．this D．that
析：答案为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。
三、表明同位关系的词语 Indicator as the appositive???
??? ? 有时为了明晰地表示非限制性同位关系，我们会使用一些词语插入同位成分之间。例如： ??? ? --How can a solution be found to the current disease of contemporary society, namely the international?economic crisis? ??? ? 这类词语表示同位成分之间的某些语义关系，因而并不是在任何一种同位语中都适用的。常见的词语列举如下，其中表示相同或相近关系的归纳在一组里。 ? a. 表示等同关系的词语有: namely，that is，that is to say，ie，in other words，or例如： ????? --You should have consulted an ophthalmologist, that is an eye doctor.? ????? --The company commander, that is to say Captain Madison, assembled his men and announced their?mission.? ??? ? --He studies linguistics, or the science of language.? ? b. 表示举例或列举的词语有：for example，for instance，e.g.，such as, say，including。
例如： ??? ? --They visited several cities, for example Rome and Athens. ??? ? --Nouns such as book, pen, apple and toy are countable nouns.? ??? ? --Any dictionary, say Hornby's Advanced Learner's Dictionary, will serve my purpose for the time being.? ? c. 表示突出某点的词语有：especially，particularly，in particular，notably, chiefly，mainly，mostly。 ??? ? --We want to invite a number of friends, especially Joan and Betty.? ??? ? --Most students in our class, particularly David and Chris, are fond of music. ??? ? --The book contains some fascinating passages, notably an account of their trip to North Africa.? ?? ?? 这些词语在使用中有的可以放在第二个同位成分之前或之后：that is，that is to say，for? example，for?instance，in particular和in other words。
例如： ????? --Dickens's most productive period, that is (to say) the 1840s, was a time when public demand?for?fiction was growing at a tremendous rate.? ??? ? --Dickens's most productive period, the 1840s, that is (to say), was a time when public demand?for?fiction was growing at a tremendous rate.? ????? included 只能放在第二个同位成分之后。其他的词语以及一些缩写形式只能放在第二个同位成分之前：namely，or，including，such as，say，especially，particularly，notably, chiefly，mainly，
??? ? mostly，ie，e.g.。例如： ??? ? --Many people, including my sister, won't forgive him for that. ??? ? --Many people, my sister included, won't forgive him for that.?
Step 3 Consolidation:
I. Multiple-choice:
1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that B. what C. why D. which
2. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.
A. that B. what C. which D. why
3. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
A. what B. that C. why D. when
4. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A. which B. that C. ／ D. it
5. I have no idea ____ he will start.
A. when B. that C. what D.／
6. I’ve come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.
A. if B. that C. whether D. which
7. The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A. when B. which C. what D. that
8. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
A. which B. whether C. that D. what
9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.
A. that B. as C. of which D. which
10. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
A. whether B. where C. that D. when
11. They expressed the hope ___they would come over to China. ? A. which B. that C. whom D. when 12. The fact___ he didn’t see Tom yesterday is true. ?A. that B. which C. when D. what 13. I have no idea ____he will come back. A. where B. when C. what D. that 14.The news ___ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. ?A. that B. when C. what D. how 15. One of the men held the view ___ the book said was right. ? A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that 16. Word has come ___ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week. ?A. what B. whether C. that D. which
Keys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA 11-16 BABAC C
II. Translation:
1、收音机发布警告，飓风即将来临。
2、他突然想起来，他离开家的时候门没有关好。
3、他建议我们步行去，这个建议是可以接受的。
4、很多老师认为学生不应该花太多时间上网。
5、你知道我们什么时候出发吗？
6、他找了个借口，说他的车在路上抛锚了。
7、我一点都不知道下一步该做什么事情。
8.、没有证据证明他是被别人杀死的。
9、父亲向我承诺过，只要我通过考试，他会给我买一个MP3播放器。
10、学生应该学一点实用的知识的建议是值得考虑的。
Keys :
1. There is a warning on the radio that a hurricane is on its way.
2. The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.
3. His advice that we go there on foot is acceptable. 4. Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much??time online.
5. Do you have any idea where we will set out?
6. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way
7. I had no idea at all what I should do next. 8. There is no proof whether he was killed by others.
9. Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test.
10. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.
Step 4: Homework
1. Review the grammar: apposition
●Project Reporting on colours and cultures
Part A: Reading
Introduction: The reading material is a magazine article about colors and cultures. You may use the background information to do research on the color and prepare an oral report about the color you choose, in which you may think about what the color symbolizes in different cultures with the help of the information mentioned in the text.
In the course of doing the project, you will discuss both positive and negative meanings of the color. You are required not only to search for as much information about color as the can, but also to choose useful information for an oral report. You are expected to assign roles to each group member, cooperate by working together, and fulfill each part of the assignment.
Let’s enjoy a short film. And tell us what you see in the film.
1. Pair work: Discuss the following questions:
What is your favorite color? Why do you like it?
What about your partner? Do you like his/her favorite color? Why or why not?
Why do different people have different ideas about the same color?
Why do Chinese people like using the color red on many important traditional occasions?
What are the colors of the five rings on the Olympic flags? What do the colors represent?
2. Read the magazines article about colors and cultures. Answer the following questions.
1. What does the color red mean in China, the USA and South Africa? 2. Why did women wear yellow ribbons on blouse collars or sleeves in the USA and the UK decades ago?
3. What is green always associated with?
4. What does ‘in the black’ mean?
5. What kind of people is white usually associated with?
Answers:
1. The red is the color of happiness, excitement and good luck.
2. The yellow ribbons were regarded as a sign of hope by women waiting for their husband or boyfriends to come home safely from war.
3. Green represents growth, health and the environment, and it has long been associated with Ireland, where the national flower is green.
4. The idiom conveys the positive meaning of having money or that a business is making a profit.
5. surgeons, nurses and dentists
3. Read the passage again and take note of each color mentioned in the passage. Fill the blanks.
color
Meaning
Positive
Country/region
Negative
Country/region
red
celebration and good luck
China
violence and warning of danger
The USA
happiness
China
sadness
South Africa
bravery
many countries
yellow
happiness and joy
mourning and the loss of loved ones
Egypt
hope(to remember soldiers who are away at war
the USA(from the 1970s to now)
courage (in the past, Japanese soldiers wore a yellow flower to show their courage.)
Japan
being not brave, or a coward
Western countries, such as the USA and the UK
peace
India
green
growth, health and the environment
Ireland
envy and jealousy
Western countries. Such as the USA and the UK
hope and spring
ancient Egypt
inexperience
black
being cool and elegant
Western countries
evil
Western countries
wealth (the idiom ‘in the black’ means a company is making money.
mourning (Black clothing is worn to funerals.)
Western countries
white
cleanliness, virtue and innocence
Western countries
mourning
China
holiness (It is often used in churches to show purity.)
in Christian countries
Part B:
1. Read the passage again and ask each group to discuss the following questions:
What other meanings do you know of for the colors mentioned in the reading passage? Can you give an example?
Are you interested in any other color? What do you know about it?
2. Group work. Discuss the eight questions in Part B in groups of four. While discussing, you should focus on the positive and negative meanings of colors in different cultures.
Homework:
1. Read the passage in project and try to remember something about the colors.
2. Surf the Internet and gain more information about colors in different cultures.
Reading National flags, colours, and cultures
Step1: Lead-in
Let’s enjoy a section of film. Can you say something about the film?
Yes, the short film is about a Chinese ceremony of saluting to the national flag. The five-star red flag is our national flag with which we are familiar and we can see it almost every day. So according to your knowledge of the flag, answer the following two questions? You can have a discussion with your partners.
What’s our national flag like? Can you describe it?
What do colors and the stars on the national flag of China symbolize?
Sampled answers:
1. The national flag of China is the five-star red flag. The color of the flag is red. It is rectangular in shape. The proportion between the length and height is three to two. In the upper left corner of the flag, there are five five-pointed stars, yellow in color. One of them is bigger and is located in the top left-handed corner. The other four surround the bigger star to its right.
2. The red color of the flag represents the revolutionary martyrs. The color of the five stars is yellow, which symbolizes the bright future. Among the five stars, the bigger one stands for the communist party of China while the other four represent the different groups of people in China who are all united behind the Party
Resources
A national flag is a flag that symbolizes a country and that can usually be flown by citizens of that country. Both public and private buildings such as schools and courthouses often fly the national flag. In some countries, the national flags are only flown from non-military buildings on certain flag days. There are three distinct types of national flag for use on land, and three for use at sea, although many countries use identical designs for several of these types of flag. Some national flags have been particularly inspirational to other nations, countries, or subnational entities in the design of their own flags.
Competition. The following are national flags of some countries; try to tell which country each flag belong to. The whole class will be divided into boy group and girl group.
A B C
D E F
G H I
For reference:
A. Canada B. France C. USA D. Indonesia E. England F. German G. Australia H. Korea I. Singapore
Step 2: Fast reading for general ideas
Go through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find answers to the three questions in part A on Page 34. Just focus on and identify the information needed to answer these questions.
Answers
A 1 The ‘Tricolore’ (tricolour).
2 .Fifty
3 Red and white
Step 3: Detailed reading for important information
1. Let’s read the passage a second time and complete Parts C1 and C2 on page 36.
Answers
C1 1. They often symbolize the origin of the country, along with its values, beliefs and culture.
2. Liberty, equality and fraternity.
3. Because it was successful in ridding society of inequality, which had a great effect on many other countries, particularly those in Europe.
4. Because they couldn’t tolerate the bureaucratic way that Britain ruled the country and they desired independence.
5. The fifty stars represent the fifty states and the thirteen stripes represent the original thirteen states that joined together to fight for independence from Britain.
6. It had nine red and white stripes.
7. The most common explanation is that red stands for blood, or thing s that are physical, while white represent the spiritual. Another suggestion is that red resembles the color of sugar and white looks like rice. Other people say red stands for the brave and considerate nature of the Indonesia people. It can also symbolize the fire that comes from Indonesia’s volcanoes or the fact that the equator goes through the country. White is regarded as a symbol of purity.
C2
France
The USA
Indonesia
Red
bravery, revolution, strength and blood of the French
strength and bravery
blood or things that are physical; the color of sugar; the brave and considerate nature of Indonesia people; fire; the fact that the equator goes through the country
White
Peace and honesty
purity and innocence
the spiritual; rice; purity
2. Go through the text quickly and pay attention to the meaning and usage of some words. Then finish the following vocabulary exercise. Part D and Part E.
Answers
D 1 b 2 g 3 i 4 a 5 d
6c 7 e 8 j 9 h 10 f
E (1) colors (2) represent
(3) blue (4) bravery
(5) liberty (6) revolution
(7) Britain (8) independent
(9) the spiritual (10) sugar
3. Listen to the tape and choose the best answers according to the text:
1. The national flag is very important and meaningful to a country because________.
A. there are many different colors on the flag.
B. from the flag we can know everything of the country.
C. it symbolizes the origin of that country, along with its values, beliefs and culture.
D. The colors on the flag mean different things to different countries.
2. French Tricolore has become one of the most influential nationals in history because________.
A. there are three different colors on the flag.
B. the French Revolution influenced many countries, especially those in Asia.
C. France was a strong country in history.
D. the French Revolution influenced many countries, some of which choose to substitute flags with tricolor flags.
3. Which of the following statements about USA national flag is NOT true?
A. The flag is usually called the ‘Stars and Stripes’.
B. The flag has a close connection with its history.
C. The symbolic meanings of the colors on the flag are the same as those on the ‘Tricolore’
D. Each year on 4 July, the flag can be seen all over the country.
4. Which of the following statement is NOT an explanation of the meaning of the colors of Indonesia?
A. Red stands for blood, while white represents the spiritual.
B. Colors have a link with food.
C. Red colors on the flag symbolize the fire that comes from volcanoes.
D. Red and white are the favorite colors of the Indonesia people.
5. What kind of information can we get from a national flag? A. history and population
B. culture and politics
C. economy and language
D. history and culture
Keys: C D C D D
Step 3: Post-reading activities
Pair work:
(1) Discuss colors and flags with a partner, and then give a mini presentation about the national flags mentioned in the reading passage to the whole class.
(2) Read the instructions for Part F and discuss with the partners the following questions
1. What do the colors on China’s national flag symbolize?
2. Do other national flags use those colors? Do they have the same meaning?
3. How does understanding history and culture help us learn about national flags?
Step 4: Language points:
Vocabulary
Words
thread, sew, value, unrest, unfairly, starvation, conclusion, motto, equality, justice, honesty, strengthen, principle, elect, substitute, influential, bureaucratic, outspoken taxpayer, tolerate, independence, oppose, optional, passive, declaration, autonomous, federal, symbolic, purity, innocence, firework, band, Indonesia, spiritual, considerate
useful expressions
national flag, rid……of, have a say, have a link with, correspond to, have an effect on, take place, for instance, remind sb of sth, fight for independence, be treated unfairly, date back
Sentence structure
A flag tells something about the country it represents and often symbolizes the origin of that country, along with its values, beliefs and cultures.
The French Revolution was successful in ridding society of inequality, which had a great effect on many other countries, particularly those in Europe.
Another suggestion is that the colors have a link with food.
The flag, a simple design of red over white, has a long history that dates back to the 13th century.
We love our flag, our unique flag.
The idea that the color red represents bravery and blood is widely believed.
Resources
Indonesia
Indonesia is located in South-East Asia, between the India Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. In the early 17th century, the Dutch began to colonize the country. In the middle of the 20th century, the islands were occupied by Japan. In 1945, Indonesia declared its independence but it took four years for the young country to be recognized by most of the world.
During the first two decades of independence, the republic was dominated by the charismatic figure of Sukarno, one of the early nationalists who had been imprisoned by the Dutch. General (ret.) Soeharto eased Sukarno from power in 1967. Indonesia's economy was sustained throughout the 1970's, almost exclusively by oil export. The Asian financial crisis, which broke out in mid-1997, paralyzed the Indonesian economy with the rupiah losing 80% of its value against the US dollar at the peak of the turmoil. On May 21, 1998, Soeharto resigned after 32 years in power and was replaced by B.J. Habibie following bloody violence and riots. Indonesia held its first democratic election in October 1999, which put Abdurrahman 'Gus Dur' Wahid in the role of president.
For more information about the country, visit the following website: http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861676810/indonesia.html
Step6: Homework
Read the text again and again. Try to memorize the language points.
Part A1 and A2 on page 118 in Workbook to practice using the words and phrases learnt in the reading section.
●Task Designing Beijing opera masks
Skills building 1: understanding adjectives describing characteristics or personality.
In this part, you will learn adjectives describing characteristics or personality. You are expected to know the exact meaning of each of these adjectives and how to use them to describe different people. Use some adjectives to describe one of the best friends of yours. You should focus on the positive aspects of characteristics or personality. You can refer to the adjectives in the following table.
Adjective
Meaning
Opposite
stubborn
not prepared to change one’s mind or opinion
easy-going
sophisticated
having a lot of experience of the world and cultural knowledge
Na?ve
intelligent
very clever
Unintelligent
dishonest
not honest
Honest
fair
treating everyone the same
Unfair
impulsive
doing things without thinking carefully
cool-faired
fierce
angry and aggressive in a way that is frightening very unfriendly
Mild
loyal
always giving your support to somebody or something
Disloyal
ambitious
determined to be successful
Unambitious
trustworthy
Being a person whom one can always trust
Untrustworthy
crafty
clever at getting what one wants, especially by being dishonest
Artless
astute
very clever and quick at seeing what to do in a situation
Stupid
Step 1: Getting to know the characters:
1. You will listen to a playwright talking about the different characters in a new opera based on a Western story, and then complete the notes about each character’s characteristics.
Tapescript:
Director: Can you tell me a little about the story?
Playwright: Certainly. It’s a story of romance, power and good against evil. There is an old king, Alfred, who wants his daughter, the princess, to get married. He has been advised by the prime minister that she should marry George, the king of a neighboring country. The prime minister has a reason for saying this—he has been promised more power by King George if he can persuade King Alfred to agree to the marriage. However, the princess is in love with another man, a captain in the king’s guard. Needless to say, the princess does not want to marry George. The story shows how love can be an awesome force!
Director: What are the characters like in this play?
Playwright: The old king Alfred is a good man, but he can also be a bit stubborn—he sometimes doesn’t want to accept good advice from others. On the other hand, he can be quite intelligent as he always seems to know what is going on. As a king, he is of course very powerful buy also fair. The princess is young, beautiful, elegant and intelligent. She loves her father and completely devoted to him. She is very honest. She would never lie, especially to her father, even if it would suffer misfortunate by telling the truth. The captain is also young and handsome. He is a brave soldier in battle. His men admire and respect him for this and because he is always cool-headed. He never shows his anger. He is completely loyal to King Alfred. He would never disobey an order, even if he did not agree with it. Above all, he is completely trustworthy. Now we come to prime minister. He is able to make people think he is a good person, but as a matter of fact, he is not. He is very ambitious and he is hungry for more power. He is dishonest. He will lie and cheat the king if it gets him what he wants, but he is very good at pretending that he is loyal to King Alfred. Finally, we come to King George. He does not really love the princess but knows that a marriage to her will make him even more powerful. He can be fierce and is easily angered. He is also violent.
Director: They sound like very interesting characters.
Playwright: Thank you.
2. Listen to the tape again, and check the answers.
Answers
A:
King Alfred: stubborn, intelligent, powerful, fair
The princess: intelligent, honest
The captain: brave, cool-headed, loyal, trustworthy
The Prime minister: ambitious, dishonest
King George: fierce, violent
3. One of the performers come to you and asks for your advice. He wants to play a role that is the opposite of his last role. Listen to the tape and finish Part B.
Tapescript: Performer: I wander if you could help me. I’ve read the script but I can’t decide which character I want to play. I’d really like to play a role that is different from my last one.
Director: Of course. Why don’t you tell me about your last role? I’ll see if I can pick something for you that is very different.
Performer: Great! In the last opera, I played the part of a very bad man. He would only do things for his own good and was disloyal to everyone. He could never be trusted. Also, he never thought carefully before he took an important action. On the other hand, he was a bit shy. He never dared to admit he was making mistakes. Nobody liked or respected him. The audience would even make terrible noises when I came on stage!
Answers:
B disloyal; timid; untrustworthy; impulsive
Role I choose for the performer: the captain
4. Read a magazine article about the meanings of different colors used in Beijing opera masks in Part Con page 43 and circle the colors according to the personality of the role.
Answers:
C red; purple; black
Skills building 2: putting words in the correct order
1. Group work:
Discussion: How to ask the right questions in the right way?
For reference:
When asking a question, it is important to put the words in t he sentence in the correct order, other we may not get the answers we are looking for.
2. Pair work: Raise some questions about Beijing opera masks.
For reference:
What color is used for a brave and loyal character in Beijing opera masks?
Is yellow suitable for a trustworthy character? Why or why not?
If the character has great intelligence and is very stubborn, what colors might we use in a mask?
Step 2: informing the performer
1. Read the guidelines on page 44 and go through the information listed in the table on page 44 and make sure how to answer the questions.
2. Acting: Work in pairs, making a dialogue. One acts as the performer and the other as the other as the director. When conducting the interview, you may refer to the information on page 42 and 43.
Sample answers
P=Performer D=Director
P: Good morning, director. Could you spare me a few minutes to answer some questions?
D: Sure, I would be glad to. What would you like to know about?
P: I wonder what colors you are going to use for my role.
D: Well, the colors for you are red, purple and black.
P: Why did you choose these colors?
D: Well, as you know, red is a color for brave and loyal characters; a purple face show a calm character and black can show the character is trustworthy.
P: I see. What colors are not suitable for this role?
D: Colors like white, yellow, reddish purple, blue or green are not suitable for your role.
P: Are there any particular reasons?
D: Sure. In Beijing opera, the main color used on the face or mask tells the audience the character’s most significant quality. Generally speaking, white suggests dishonesty and betrayal; yellow symbolizes a character that has great intelligence and ambition; reddish purple indicates someone fair and noble; blue shows a moral and stubborn character and green tells that audience that the character is easily angered and violent.
P: Oh, there’s so much to see. Can you tell me a typical character that a color may symbolize?
D: Guan Yu, a general from that Three Kingdoms Period. You know he is famous for being very loyal to his emperor, Liu Bei.
P: So he must have a red face.
D: Exactly, Cao Cao and Qin Hui should have typical a white faces as they are evil characters. For fierce and violent characters like Zhang Fei and Li Kui, we use black face paint.
P: That sounds interesting. Thank you very much. I think your explanation helps me understand the role much better.
D: You’re welcome.
For Reference: Face-painting in Beijing opera
Face-painting –The make-up that the Beijing Opera puts on the actor's face also has a special characteristic for displaying the character of the specific role. Using particular colors on the actor's face to symbolize their character and quality, role and destiny is not only the major characteristic of Beijing Opera, but also the key to understand the opera's plot. Simply speaking, the red painted-face has the commendatory meaning, representing allegiance and gallantry; The black painted-face is more neutral, representing valor and wise; The blue and the green ones are also neutrality, representing the bold and courageous hero; The yellow and the white painted-faces has the derogatory meaning, representing atrocity and duplicity; The golden and the argentite painted-faces are more mystical, representing god or a monster.
Skills building 3: recording information
In this part, you will learn how to use categories to record lots of information. Read the guidelines and the table at the top of page 45.
1. Group work: You are to work in groups of four and create a table to introduce your classmates. Then your will be required to give a presentation to other group members according to the categories you have designed.
Suggested categories:
Name: ___________________; Sex___________________
Age: ___________________: Likes: _________________
Dislikes: __________________ Dream: ________________
2. Work in groups to design a table for the information about the design of the face mask. Each of you should participate in the discussion and is responsible for a part of the task.
Step 3: recording information about your mask.
You are required to record information about the designed mask based on the information you have collected in Steps 1 and 2. You are expected to practice the skills you have learned in the pervious parts.
1. Read the instructions in Step 3, so you can learn that you are going to record information about why you designed the mask the way you did. You need to create a table and finish it with the information you have gathered in Steps 1 and 2.
2. Work in small groups to design the record.
Possible example:
Role
Characteristics
Colors in mask
Reason
King Alfred
stubborn;
intelligent;
powerful;
fair;
yellow; blue;
Reddish purple
Yellow symbolizes a character that has great intelligent.
Blue shows that the character is stubborn.
Reddish purple indicates a fair character.
the princess
intelligent;
honest
red; purple; black
Red is a color for brave and loyal characters.
Black shows that someone is loyal and trustworthy.
Yellow symbolizes a character that has great intelligence.
the captain
brave; loyal; cool-headed;
trustworthy
red; purple; black
Red is a color for brave and loyal characters.
Purple shows a calm character.
Black shows that someone is loyal and trustworthy.
the prime minister
ambitious;
dishonest
white; yellow
White suggests dishonesty and betrayal.
Yellow symbolizes a character that has great ambition.
King George
fierce; violent
black; green
Black shows that someone is fierce and violent.
Green tells that someone is easily angered and violent.
Step 4: Homework
1 Review this part and make sure you know how to ask questions in right way and how to record information.
2. Surf the Internet to get more information about Beijing opera.
Unit 3 The meaning of colour
Part One Teaching Design
第一部分 教学设计
Aims and requirements
? read an internet article about national flags and an article about colors in different cultures
? listen to a playwright and an actor talk about the different characters in a Beijing opera
? talk about national flags and discuss colors used in a Beijing opera
? record some information
? prepare and present an oral report about color
Procedures
● Welcome to the unit
Step 1 Brainstorming
The world is full of colors. Without color, the world would be a far less interesting place. And the life without color also would be dull and meaningless. And as we all know, colors have different meanings in different cultures around the world. Different countries, as well as different characters are associated with different colors.
What’s your favorite color? Why?
What does red, yellow, blue or another color mean?
For reference:
Of all the colors, I prefer red color. Because, as far as I am concerned, red can represent many things and has many symbolic meanings in China. Usually, Chinese like to associate happy and successful things with red. For instance, in Chinese there are phrases such as “红利”、“红火”、“红包”(to express happy or fortunate tings )“披红”、“开门红”、“满堂红”(to express successful things or good wishes for the future). Also, as we all know, our national flag, to which we salute every day, is five-star red flag. The red color of the flag represents the revolution, the blood and lives of revolutionary martyrs. There are many other examples of the red color’s popularity in China. So, in my opinion, red is the most widely-used color in china and it’s my favorite color.
Red Orange Yellow
Green Cyan Blue
Purple Black Gray
For reference:
In our daily life, colors used in different occasions can take on some special meanings and sometimes the colors can represent people’s different feelings.
Red
Red signifies the choleric temperament. Red is generally taken to be the color of life, of the glowing sun and of fire. Love and joy, rage and anger are the polar values of the color red. Red is said to make the blood boil, to increase the pulse rate, to raise the blood pressure and the rate of breathing. Red is also the color of desire. Red generally supports the circulatory functions and is applied with success to combat anemia, asthma, diseases of the larynx, certain skin diseases and chronic coughs.
Orange
Orange is the color of cheerfulness and gaiety. Being a color mixed from red and yellow, it stands for kind-heartedness and warm-heartedness of an individual. Orange symbolizes the rising sun; it makes us alert and cheerful. It causes stimulation, warmth and happiness. Orange fills us with joy and cheerfulness. It affects both our bodies and our minds. Astonishing results may be obtained in using the color orange to treat mental illness, depressions, discontent and pessimism.
Yellow
Yellow is the symbol of the sun at the zenith. Yellow is the brightest of all colors. In the psychology of colors, yellow stands for detached serenity. Yellow reflects light in all directions, thereby creating an impression of liberation; it cancels out any feeling of heaviness or oppression. Professor Luscher writes that the color yellow drives us forward towards new, modern frontiers, and that it is therefore future oriented.
Green
It has a harmonizing effect. Green does not make us quiet, but calms us in a neutral, positive sense. Green is the color of possession and of the will to possess. Luscher says: "Green is the color of possession and should increase the feelings of security and in particular of self-confidence." Green is also considered to be the color of concentration. It stands for exact examination, precise analysis, systematic logic and for recording and remembering.
Blue
Blue is the color of peace and infinity. Blue profoundly calms and relaxes us. Our bodies and minds are conveyed to a state of peace, repose and softness.
Violet
Violet is the color of the emotions and is considered to be a meditative color. Violet can lead to profound liberation of the mind. Intuition and imagination are enhanced. Violet is the color regulator at the interface between the mind and the body.
The six basic colors are divided into three hot and three cool, hot being the colors which arouse and give stimulation and cool being the colors which cool down and sedate. The colors Red, Orange & Yellow are warming. The colors Green, Blue & Violet are cooling. Color Therapy uses these complimentary properties of the colors to balance the body and help it to heal. By testing complimentary pairs in your body system, the more sensitive area is found and then given the cool color to sedate, the others are given the warm color to stimulate.
In our daily life, people often can imagine something from a certain kind of color. So, have a try and tell your classmates, what can you imagine from the following colors(use some adjectives to describe it)?
color
What you imagine(use some adjectives)
color
For reference (excited, enthusiastic, noble)
Red
For reference (happy, energetic, active)
Orange
For reference (bright, hopeful, joyful)
Yellow
For reference (mysterious, gentle, elegant )
Purple
For reference ( peaceful, comfortable, fresh)
Green
For reference (wise, outgoing, fresh)
Blue
For reference (depressed, pessimistic, unconfident)
Gray
For reference (serious, calm, firm)
Black
Step 2 Sharing information
Group work. Look at the four pictures at page 1. Let’s study them one by one and try to discuss some questions in groups of four.
Picture 1
What is this building? (It is the United Nation’s Headquarters in New York, the USA). In front of the building there are various national flags of different countries. Can you describe the national flags of any particular country? Why does each country have its own national flag with its own pattern and colors? Can you think of some reasons? (Each country has a unique culture, tradition and history. The pattern and colors of the national flags are chosen to symbolize these elements.)
Picture 2
What do you know about the tulip?(The tulip was originally a wild flower, growing in Central Asia. It was introduced in Western Europe and the Netherlands in the 17th century.Now it is the national flower of Netherlands.) Why do you think people like tulips?(Many people like tulips because of their bright colors, dramatic flames and frilly petals. Tulips have become a huge business in the Netherlands. Tourists from all over the world come to enjoy these flowers every year.)
Picture3
What colors are used for different roles in Chinese opera? (In Chinese opera, differently colored faces represent different personalities. For example, red means bravery and loyalty. White represents cunning. Black suggests fierceness or violence.
What do the terms ‘sheng’ ‘dan’ ‘jing’ and ‘chou’ in Beijing opera refer to?(these are four different types of roles in Beijing opera. ‘sheng’and ‘dan’ are the positive male and female roles. ‘jing’ refers to the supporting role. ‘chou’ is the clown of someone who has negative features.
Picture 4
What are the colors red and white always used in western cultures? What are the colors red and white always used for in East? Do you think it is necessary to know about such cultural differences? Why or why not? White is the traditional color for wedding in the West, while in the East, it is red.
Step3: Discussion:
Can you think of any examples of the use of a particular color on a special occasion?
Think of a foreign country. What color do you associate with that country? Why?
What color would you choose to represent your character? Why?
Sample answers:
1.For example, during the Chinese New Year, people always wear red clothes, as red is believed to scare away evil spirits and bring good luck in the coming year. Chinese people also wear red for traditional Chinese weddings. In this case, red means something happy. However, for funerals, people choose to wear black or white clothes rather than red clothes, because people believe red shows disrespect towards the dead.
2. In my opinion, Spain is associated with red. The Spanish people are so enthusiastic and energetic that they remind me of a burning red fire. Also, a matador, or bullfighter, uses a piece of blood red cloth to excite or danger the bull. The Spanish women seem to be very fiery and full of life when they dancing the famous dance, the flamenco. Their red skirts seem to move like dancing flames, so bright and joyful.
3. White is the most proper color to represent me. Unlike when mixing colored paint, when colored lights are mixed together, the result is white light. White light is the product of every color in the light spectrum, and this reflects how I see myself. I am a person with many qualities and positive characteristics. Just like white light, I am the product of multiple influences, such as my family, teachers and friends. Furthermore, I can identify with many people form different interests. You could say that it is easy for me to understand someone who thinks himself as ‘blue’ for example.
Resources:
Beijing opera
Beijing opera, which has existed for over 200 years, is a national treasure for Chinese people. It is usually involves interesting make-up and magnificent costumes. Despite being called Beijing opera, its birthplace is not in Beijing but in Anhui and Hubei. Today, this traditional art form is becoming less popular because the young generation seems to have difficulty understanding the unique performances.
http://www.chinavista.com/experience/opera/opera.html
Step4: Homework:
1. Collect more information about the meaning of color.
2. Prepare the Reading part.
●Word power
Step 1: Brainstorming
All flowers have a meaning. Different flowers have their own meaning and it also varies on their colors. Many flowers have important symbolic meanings like red roses are given as a symbol of love and passion. Poppies are symbol of consolation in time of death. The red poppies are worn to commemorate soldiers who have died in times of war. Irises are symbol o f death and the Daisies are a symbol of innocence.
In our modern times, people have sought ways to cultivate, buy, wear or just be around flowers and blooming plants, partly because of their smell. Around the world, florists sell flowers for wide range of events and occasion like for new births or in christenings, for wedding, bridal party and decorations for the hall, also use as a corsage to be worn at social functions or for holidays, for brightening decorations within the home, as a gift of remembrance, courting a girl, and also in funerals.
Almost every independent country has its own national flower, which symbolizes the country along with other emblems such as a country’s national flag. However, a country’s choice of national flower is usually due to its culture, history and people.
Here are some flowers for appreciation:
Peony Tulip Rose
Water lily Clubs Orchid
Discussion:
1. What kind of things can represent a country? Name as many things as possible.
For reference:
national flag, national flower, national emblem, national anthem, national birds
Step 2: Vocabulary learning
1. Now, read the article about different national flowers of different countries and fill in the table.
Country
National flower
Symbol of the flower
India
Lotus
Purity, beauty, wealth and knowledge
Singapore
Orchid
National pride and identity
France
Iris
Hope and wisdom
Netherlands
Tulip
------
USA
Rose
Love and beauty
England
Rose
War of the Roses
Iran
Rose
Religious and spiritual symbol; perfection
2. Look at the pictures below. Match each country with its national flower. .
Netherlands India USA Singapore France
Lotus orchid iris tulip rose
As we know, apart from national flags and national flowers, there are others things used to represent a country, such as national emblem, national anthem. So now, let’s enjoy some national anthems.
Play the tape of national anthems. (USA, France, Canada, Russia, Britain)
Discussion: the following are some countries’ national emblems; try to guess which country each emblem belongs to. (Pay attention to the colors and pictures on the emblems.)
A B C D E
For reference: A; USA B: German C: France D: Britain E: Australia
Step3: Discussion.
Appreciation. Look at the following sentences (Part A on page 39). Each one uses a different color idiom. Make sure that you understand each one.
Discuss with your partner and try to guess the meanings of the color idioms appear in the following sentences.
(1). It was really a red-letter day when I met my idol and got her to sign her name on my shirt.
(2). He fell down the stairs and was black and blue all over.
(3). Mrs. Smith has the best gardens in my town and she really has green fingers.
(4). He spent 30,000 yuan on a painting by a famous artist, but it turned out to be a false one, so it is now actually a white elephant for him.
For reference:
The idiom refers to a special day when something important or happy happened. It is called ‘red-letter’ because important holidays are always pained red in calendars.
The idiom refers to being covered with blue, brown or purple bruises on the body.
The idiom refers to being talented at keeping plants and gardening.
The idiom refers to something that has no use even though it might have been very expensive.
Translate the following sentences with color idioms:
1. Red
(1) The president was treated to the red carpet in Rome.
(2) It was a red-letter day in the history of Chinese revolution.
(3) A thief was caught red-handed in the act of breaking open a lock.
(4) You said that I am very good. Is my face red?
(5) When he started criticizing my work, I really saw red.
(6) There is too much red-tape in obtaining an identity card.
(7) They had to sell the firm because for years they had operated it in the red.
(8) We'll soon be out of the red.
(9) Every time he comes to New York, he wants to paint the town red.
??? 2. Green
He is still green to his job.
Do you see any green in my eye?
If you want to be a successful gardener, of course you've got to have green fingers.
She is a green hand in teaching English.
Mother gave us the green light to go on the camping trip this summer.
He has a green wound in the left breast.
??? 3. Blue
He is proud of his blue blood.
Things are looking extremely blue.
True blue will never stain.
She ran and ran until she was blue in the face.
It's once in a blue moon that you get a chance like that.
He can read like a blue streak.
The bad news came like a bolt out of the blue.
John arrived out of the blue.
??? (9) A rainy day always gives me the blues.
??? 4. Brown
(1) The leaves browned slowly.???
(2) We are all of us done brown.
(3) When she gives a dinner party, she always does it up brown.???
(4) I'm browned off, sitting here all day with nothing to do.
??? (5) Aim at one bird, don't blaze into the brown.
(6) I tried to attract his attention, but he was in a brown study.???
5. Black
(1) The black dog is over him.???
(2) Tom is the black sheep of his family.
(3) Next time l see him, I'll give him a black eye.
For Reference:
1. Red.
1. 总统在罗马受到了隆重的接待。
2. 这是中国历史上值得纪念的日子。
3. 一个窃贼在砸开锁时被当场抓获。
4. 你说我很好，真使我难为情了。
5. 当他批评 我的工作时，我就冒火、发脾气。
6. 领身份证的手续实在太繁琐了。
7. 因为经营这家公司几年来一直亏损，所以他们只好把它卖掉。
8. 我们很快就会扭亏为盈。
9. 每次来纽约，他都要痛饮一番。
Green
1. 他对其工作尚无经验。
2. 你认为我幼稚可欺吗？
3. 假如你想当个称职的园工，那你就得有园艺技能。
4. 在英语教学中，他还是个生手。
5. 妈妈准许我们今年夏天去野营一次。
6. 他左胸上有一新伤口。
3. Blue
1. 他因出身名门贵族而骄傲。
2. 情况极其不妙。
3. 真金不怕火炼。
4. 她跑啊跑啊，累得脸色发青精疲力竭。
5. 你得到的是个千载难逢的机会。
6. 他看书极快。
7. 这消息来得如青天霹雳。
8. 约翰突然来了。
9. 下雨天总是使我心情抑郁。
4. Brown
1. 树叶渐渐枯了。
2. 我们都上当了。
3. 她举行宴会，总是办得很出色。
4. 我整天坐在这儿没事干，感到抑郁无聊。
5. 瞄准一只打，不要射击鸟群。
6. 我企图吸引他的注意力，可是他仍在沉思默想。
5. Black
1. 他意气消沉。
2. 汤姆是个败家子。
3. 下次我见到他一定打他一顿。
3. Here are some phrases with special and interesting meanings. Have a discussion with your partners and try to match them.
1. blue Monday A. 骗子
2. white rage B. 铁匠
3. white lie C. 忧郁、不开心的人
4. white night D. 忘恩负义之徒
5. yellow journalism E. 不眠之夜 6. yellow dog F. 震怒
7. red flag G. 倒霉的星期一
8. black dog H. 不怀恶意的谎言 9. black letter day I. 耸人听闻的报道
10. black smith J. 让人生气的东西 `
11. black sheep K. 倒霉的一天
12. black leg L. 害群之马，败家子
Keys:
1. G 2. J 3. H 4. E 5. H 6. D 7. J 8. C 9. K 10. B 11. L 12. A
4. Read the following diary entry written by a university student and fill in the blanks with appropriate color idioms from Part A.
For reference:
Party B: (1) feeling blue (2) green with envy (3) in the red (4) in the black
(5) white as a sheet (6) tickled pink
Step4: Homework.
Surf the internet to get as much information about a country’s emblems as possible.
Try to remember some color idioms.
Section 2: Background information
I. A story about colors
Rainbow seven-color clouds
Once upon a time the colors of the world started to quarrel: all claimed that they were the best, the most important, the most useful, the favorite.
Green: "Clearly I am the most important. I am the sign of life and of hope. I was chosen for grass, trees, leaves - without me, all animals would die. Look over the countryside and you will see that I am in the majority."
Blue interrupted: "You only think about the earth, but consider the sky and the sea. It is the water that is the basis of life and, drawn up by the clouds, forms the deep sea. The sky gives space and peace and serenity. Without my peace, you would all be nothing."
Yellow chuckled: "You are all so serious. I bring laughter, gaiety, and warmth into the world. The sun is yellow, the moon is yellow, the stars are yellow. Every time you look at a sunflower, the whole world starts to smile. Without me there would be no fun."
Orange started next to blow her trumpet: "I am the color of health and strength. I may be scarce, but I am precious for I serve the needs of human life. I carry the most important vitamins. Think of carrots, pumpkins, oranges, mangoes, and pawpaw. I don't hang around all the time, but when I fill the sky at sunrise or sunset, my beauty is so striking that no one gives another thought to any of you."
Red could stand it no longer. He shouted out: "I am the ruler of all of you - I am blood - life's blood! I am the color of danger and of bravery. I am willing to fight for a cause. I bring fire into the blood. Without me, the earth would be empty as the moon. I am the color of passion and of love, the red rose, the poinsettia and the poppy."
Purple rose up to his full height. He was very tall and spoke with great pomp: "I am the color of royalty and power. Kings, chiefs, and bishops have always chosen me for I am the sign of authority and wisdom. People do not question me - they listen and obey."
Finally, Indigo spoke, much more quietly than all the others, but with just as much determination: "Think of me. I am the color of silence. You hardly notice me, but without me you all become superficial. I represent thought and reflection, twilight and deep water. You need me for balance and contrast, for prayer and inner peace."
And so the colors went on boasting, each convinced of his or her own superiority. Their quarreling became louder and louder. Suddenly there was a startling flash of bright lightening - thunder rolled and boomed. Rain started to pour down relentlessly. The colors crouched down in fear, drawing close to one another for comfort.
In the midst of the clamor, rain began to speak: " You foolish colors, fighting amongst yourselves, each trying to dominate the rest. Don't you know that you were each made for a special purpose, unique and different? Join hands with one another and come to me."Doing as they were told, the colors united and joined hands. The rain continued: "From now on, when it rains, each of you will stretch across the sky in a great bow of color as a reminder that you can all live in peace. The RAINBOW is a sign of hope for tomorrow."
And so, whenever a good rain washes the world, and a rainbow appears in the sky, let us remember to appreciate one another.
II．National flags;
National Flag
A national flag is a flag that symbolizes a country and that can usually be flown by citizens of that country. Both public and private buildings such as schools and courthouses often fly the national flag. In some countries, the national flags are only flown from non-military buildings on certain flag days. There are three distinct types of national flag for use on land, and three for use at sea, although many countries use identical designs for several of these types of flag.
National Flags on land
On land, there is a distinction between state flags, civil flags, and war flags. State flags are those used officially by government agencies, whereas civil flags may be flown by anyone irrespective of whether they are linked to government. War flags are used by military organizations such as the army. In practice, many countries have identical flags for these three purposes, and very few countries have separate war flags. In both the United States and United Kingdom, the national flag is used for all three purposes. In a number of countries, however - notably those in Latin America - there is a distinct difference between civil and state flags. In most case, the civil flag is a simplified version of the state flag, the difference often being the presence of a coat of arms on the state flag which is absent from the civil flag.
National Flags
One of the most popular uses of a flag is to symbolize a nation or country. Some national flags have been particularly inspirational to other nations, countries, or subnational entities in the design of their own flags. Some prominent examples include: The flag of Scotland, called the Saltire or St Andrew's Cross, dates to the 9th century, and is the oldest national flag still in use. Notable flags which share the saltire design include the flag of Jamaica, the Confederate Flag, and the naval jack of Russia, which is also called the St Andrew's Cross. It also forms a key part in the design of the Union Flag of the United Kingdom. The flag of Denmark is the oldest state flag still in use. This flag, called the Dannebrog, inspired the cross design of other Nordic countries and the flag of England. Examples: the Faroe Islands, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden.
The flag of Switzerland, with its colors reversed, gave rise to the emblem of the International Red Cross, which under international law is a safe conduct in war zones.
The Union Flag of the United Kingdom, more commonly (and correctly, when used by warships at sea) called the Union Jack. British colonies typically flew a flag based on one of the ensigns based on this flag, and many former colonies have retained the design to acknowledge their cultural history. Examples: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Tuvalu, and also the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario and Hawaii.
The Tricolor of The Netherlands is the oldest tricolor, first appearing in 1572 as the Prince's Flag in orange-white-blue. Soon the more famous red-white-blue began appearing - it is however unknown why, though many stories are known. After 1630 the red-white-blue was the most commonly seen flag. The Dutch Tricolor has inspired many flags but most notably those of Russia and France, which spread the tricolor concept even further, as can be seen below. The national flag of France, also called the Tricolore, which inspired other nations to adopt differenced tricolors in sympathy with the revolutionary spirit with which the flag was designed in 1794. Examples among many: Ireland, Italy, Mexico. The flag of the United States, also nicknamed The Stars and Stripes or Old Glory. In the same way that nations looked to France for inspiration, many countries were also inspired by the American Revolution, which they felt was symbolized in this flag. Examples: Cuba, Chile, Liberia, Malaysia The flag of Malaysia is also referred to as Jalur Gemilang or Glorious Stripes. The flag of Russia, the source for the Pan-Slavic colors adopted by many Slavic states and peoples as their symbols. Examples: Slovakia, Serbia and Montenegro, Croatia, Bulgaria. Ethiopia was seen as a model by emerging African states of the 1950s and 1960s, as it was one of the oldest independent states in Africa. Accordingly, its flag became the source of the Pan-African colors. Examples: Togo, Senegal, Ghana, Mali. The flag of Turkey, which was the flag of the Ottoman Empire, has been an inspiration for the flag designs of many other Muslim nations. During the time of the Ottomans the crescent began to be associated with Islam and this is reflected on the flags of Algeria, Comoros, Malaysia, Mauritania, Pakistan, and Tunisia >> The Pan-Arab colors, green, white, red, and black, seen on the flags of Jordan, Kuwait, Sudan, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, Western Sahara, Yemen and on the Palestinian flag. The Soviet flag, with its golden symbols of the proletariat on a red field, was an inspiration to flags of other communist states, such as East Germany, People's Republic of China, Vietnam, Angola, Afghanistan and Mozambique. The flag of Venezuela, created by Francisco de Miranda to represent the independence movement in Venezuela that later gave birth to the "Gran Colombia", inspired the individual flags of Colombia, Ecuador, and Bolivia, all sharing three bands of color, and three of them (Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela) sharing the yellow, blue, and red. The flag of Argentina, created by Manuel Belgrano during the war of independence, was the inspiration for the United Provinces of Central America's flag, which in turn was the origin for the flags of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua.
The Indonesian flag consists of two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white. The red in the flag portrays the human blood spent in the war of independence, and the white stands for purity and truth.
III. Some countries’ national flowers:
Australia
Golden Wattle
Argentina
Cattleya orchid
Austria
Edelweiss
Belgium
Azalea, Red or corn poppy
Bolivia
Inca magic flower
Brazil
Cattleya orchid
Bulgaria
Rose
Canada
Maple leaf, Rose as symbol of England, Fleur-de-lis for France
Ceylon
Wesak orchid
Chile
Copihue
China
Narcissus, Peony, Plum flower,
Colombia
Mayflower orchid (or Christmas orchid)
Costa Rica
Flor de San Sebastian
Cuba
Ginger lily
Czech Republic
Rose (traditional), Carnation (popular), Linden tree
Denmark
Red Clover
Ecuador
White nun orchid, Rose
Egypt
Lotus or Water Lily
England
Red tudor rose
Estonia
Blue Cornflower
Ethiopia
Calla
Finland
Lily of the valley
France
Lily
Germany
None
Greece
Guernsey lily
Holland
Tulip
Hong Kong
Bauhinia Blakeana
Hungary
Tulip
India
Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)
Indonesia
Melati jasmine, Moon orchid
Iran
Rose
Iraq
Rose
Ireland
Shamrock
Italy
Poppy or White Lily
Jamaica
Lignum Vitae (Guiacum officinale)
Japan
Chrysanthemum
Jordan
Black Iris
Korea
Rose of Sharon
Laos
Rice
Latvia
Oxeye Daisy
Libya
Pomegranate Blossom
Lithuania
Rue (Ruta)
Luxembourg
Rose
Malagasy Republic
Traveler's tree
Malaysia
Hibiscus
Mexico
Dahlia
Monaco
Carnation
Nepal
Rhododendron
Netherlands
Calendula (official), Orange tulip (popular)
New Zealand
Kowhai
Nicaragua
Sacuanjoche or May Flower
Northern Ireland
Shamrock
Norway
Heather
Pakistan
Jasmine
Panama
Dove orchid (or Holy Ghost orchid)
Paraguay
Jasmine-of-the-Paraguay, Orange blossom
Peru
Inca magic flower
Philippines
Sampagita Jasmine
Poland
Cornflower
Portugal
Lavender
Russia
Chamomile, Daisy
Rumania
Dog rose
Scotland
Thistle
Singapore
Orchid: Vanda Miss Joaquim
Slovenia
Carnation
South Africa
King Protea
South Korea
Hibiscus
Spain
Red carnation, Pomegranate
Sweden
Twinflower
Switzerland
Edelweiss
Turkey
Rose (traditional), Tulip (popular)
Uruguay
Ceibo, Cockspur coral
Venezuela
Orchid
Wales
Leek and Daffodil
United States
Rose
IV. Trooping the color
The custom of Trooping the Color dates back to the time of Charles II in the 17th. Century when the Colors of a regiment were used as a rallying point in battle and were therefore trooped in front of the soldiers every day to make sure that every man could recognize those of his own regiment. In London, the Foot Guards used to do this from 1755 onwards as part of their daily Guard Mounting on Horse Guards and the ceremonial of the modern Trooping the Color parade is along similar lines. In 1805 the parade was for the first time carried out to celebrate the Sovereign's birthday.
This impressive display of pageantry is now held on the occasion of the Queen's Official Birthday. It takes place in June each year to celebrate the official Birthday of the Sovereign and is carried out by her personal troops, the Household Division, on Horse Guards Parade, with the Queen herself attending and taking the salute.
Since 1987, The Queen has attended in a carriage rather than riding, which she did before that on 36 occasions, riding side-saddle and wearing the uniform of the regiment whose Color was being trooped. The regiments take their turn for this honor in strict rotation.
Over 1400 officers and men are on parade, together with two hundred horses; over four hundred musicians from ten bands and corps of drums march and play as one. Some 113 words of command are given by the Officer in Command of the Parade. The parade route extends from Buckingham Palace along The Mall to Horse Guards Parade, Whitehall and back again.
Precisely as the clock on the Horse Guards Building strikes eleven, the Royal Procession arrives and The Queen takes the Royal Salute. The parade begins with the Inspection, The Queen driving slowly down the ranks of all eight Guards and then past the Household Cavalry. After the event, the Royal Family gathers on the balcony of Buckingham Palace to watch an RAF fly-past.
V. Beijing (Peking) Opera
Background and awakening to literature (1795-1817)
Among the hundreds of forms of opera throughout China, Beijing Opera exerts the greatest influence, and is therefore regarded as a national art form. The accompanying music, singing and costumes are all fascinating and artistic. Full of Chinese cultural facts, the opera presents to the audience an encyclopedia of Chinese culture as well as unfolding stories, beautiful paintings, exquisite costumes, graceful gestures and acrobatic fighting. Since it enjoys a higher reputation than other local operas, almost every province of China has more than one Beijing Opera troupe. This kind of opera is so popular among the Chinese, especially seniors, that a Beijing Opera Month has been declared.
History, Components, Band, Singing and Dialogue, Roles, Facial Painting (Masks) Symbolism, Costume
History
Beijing opera has a history of over 200 years. The main melodies originated from Xipi and Erhuang, in Anhui and Hubei, respectively, and over time techniques from many other local operas were incorporated.
It is generally accepted that Beijing opera gradually came into being after 1790, when the famous four Anhui opera troupes came to Beijing. Beijing opera underwent fast development during the reign of Emperor Qianlong and the notorious Empress Dowager Cixi under the imperial patron, and eventually became more accessible to the common people.
Components
In ancient times, Beijing Opera was performed mostly on open-air stages in markets, streets, teahouses, or temple courtyards. The orchestra had to play loudly and the performers had to develop a piercing style of singing, in order to be heard over the crowds. The costumes were a garish collection of sharply contrasting colors because the stages were dim and lit only by oil lamps. It is a harmonious combination of Grand Opera, Ballet and acrobatic display, consisting of Dancing, dialogue, monologue, acrobatic combat and mime. Hence an actor or actress in Beijing Opera has to meet more requirements than that in other forms of performing art. He or she has to be a performing artist, a singer, and a dancer at the same time. It usually takes the student more than ten years of training to learn singing and acrobatic skills. Thus, it is difficult to be a qualified performer in Beijing Opera.
Band
The Beijing opera band mainly consists of orchestra band and percussion band. The former frequently accompanies peaceful scenes while the later often follows scenes of war and fighting. The commonly used percussion instruments include castanets, drums, bells and cymbals. One person usually plays the castanets and the drum simultaneously, and is the conductor of the whole band. The orchestral instruments are mainly the Jinghu, the Erhu, the Huqin, the Yueqin, the Sheng (reed pipe), the Suona, the Pipa (lute), and other instruments. The band usually sits stage-left.
Singing and Dialogue
Singing in Beijing Opera consists of a score of melodies based on Xipi and sorrowful feelings. Spoken dialogue is done in two forms: Yuebai, which sounds like the Hubei and Anhui dialects, and Jingbai, which sounds like the Beijing dialect. The former is used by main and serious characters and the latter for minor and frivolous roles.
Roles
There are four main roles in Beijing Opera: Sheng, Dan, Jing, and Chou.
Sheng are the leading male actors and are divided into LaoSheng, who wear beards and represent old men; XiaoSheng, who represent young men; WuSheng, who are acrobats who play military men and fighters; and WawaSheng, who play kids. These roles usually wear no facial paintings. HongSheng, another category of Sheng, whose face is painted red, mainly plays Guanyu (Chinese Ares) and Zhao Kuangyin (the founder of the Song Dynasty).
Dan are the female roles. Formerly, the term meant “female impersonator.” It is divided into many categories: LaoDan, the old ladies; and CaiDan. the female comedians. WuDan usually play military or nonmilitary women capable of martial arts. The most important category, Qingyi, usually play respectable and decent ladies in elegant costumes. HuaDan are lively and clever young girls, usually in short costumes.
Jing, who are most often male, are the face-painted roles representing warriors, heroes, statesmen, adventurers, and demons. Jing is generally categorized into Zhengjing, Fujing, and Wujing.
Chou refers to clowns, who are distinguished by a white patch on the nose. Usually, white patches of varying shapes and sizes are used to further distinguish roles of different character. These clowns are definitely not rascals, and most of the time they play roles of wit, alertness, and humor. It is these characters who keep the audience laughing, and improvise quips at the right moments to ease tension in some serious plays.
Facial Painting (Masks)
It is said that this special art derived from the Chinese opera has different origins. But no matter what its origin is, the facial painting is worth appreciating for its artistic value. The paintings are representations of the roles of the characters. For example, a red face usually depicts the role's bravery, uprightness and loyalty; a white face symbolizes a sinister role's treachery and guile; a green face describes surly stubbornness, impetuosity, and lack of self-restraint. In addition, the pattern of the facial painting is significant. In a word, the unique makeup in the opera allows the characters on the stage to reveal themselves voicelessly. In Beijing Opera, over one thousand painted facial patterns are used. Each pattern makes subtle and interesting changes to the standard facial pattern.
Symbolism
Symbolism prevails in Beijing Opera. The stage of Beijing Opera knows no limit in space or time. It can be the setting for any action. The performer's acting is mostly pantomime. Footwork, gestures, and various kinds of body movements can portray and symbolize the actions of opening a door, climbing a hill, going upstairs, or rowing a boat. When a girl is doing needle work, she has neither a needle nor thread in her hands. When a lady is riding in a carriage, the performer actually has to walk flanked on each side by a flag with colored tassels represents riding a horse. Four generals and four soldiers represent an army of thousands. Therefore, each action of a performer of Beijing Opera is highly symbolic.
Costumes, make-up, and stage properties identify the character and his or her role in the opera. Yet another, and subtle, component in an actor's repertoire is the stylized gesture, used to express particular sentiments. There are hundreds of symbolic gestures using the sleeves, hands, fingers, feet, and legs. For the opera connoisseur it is the execution of these movements that mark the distinction of greatness for the actor. For example, when an actor flings the two sleeves in one direction while facing the other, this symbolizes making a decision or anger.
Even the stage on which the performance takes place is not a major concern; the props are very basic and usually include a table(s), chair(s), and curtain(s), which symbolically represent a mountain, throne, and well, respectively. Imagination is what holds the show together and keeps viewers intrigued.
Costume
The costumes in Beijing Opera impress the audience with their bright colors and magnificent embroidery. Some of the costumes used in the present performances have a resemblance to the fashion of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). The use of colors indicate different social status: yellow for the imperial family, red for high nobility, red or blue for upright men, white for old officials, and black for each role. A student usually wears a blue gown, a general wears padded armor, and an emperor wears a dragon robe. Besides gorgeous clothes and headdresses, jewelry girdles for men and hair ornaments for women are also used in Beijing Opera.
Beijing Opera Masks Associates Moods with Colors
This special art of Beijing opera masks have several significant origins. However, keeping aside the origin the Beijing Opera Masks are specially adorned for their unique artistry and style. The facial paintings or masks superbly represent the roles of the characters.
For instance, the red color signifies the character’s courageousness, respectability and allegiance. A white facial painting or mask represents a role of an evil or ominous character in relation with deceitfulness and deviousness. Green Beijing Opera Masks stand for brusque obstinacy, impulsiveness and lack of self-restrain. Not only the color, are the patterns of the facial paintings equally significant. In short, you can say that the stunning facial paintings or make-ups are just enough to represent the various shades of emotions of the character on the stage without the necessity of any sort of verbal communication.
In a Beijing Opera, more than one thousand facial masks are used to depict the fundamental moods and attitudes of a character.
Other colors that are successfully used for Opera Masks are black, yellow, gold and silver. The color black stands for truthful, firm or candid nature, while yellow represents imprudence and ferocity. Gold and silver colors are usually used for Gods and Demons. In fact, the strength of the characters lies in their masks or facial paintings. However, the masks should be drawn according to the face models of the characters. In reality, drawing the masks involve attitudinal polytechnic nature, just like handwriting and painting. When you are using a pen or a brush to draw a mask, you should do it with accuracy and conciseness. The drawing should be such that others are able to understand that where the painting is light and where is it thick.
The drawing of the masks should be able to enliven the characters on the stage and help them earn appraisal. When you are drawing Beijing Opera Masks, you have to be fully original. You cannot copy the art from elsewhere.
The carvings, shading of colors, patterns and forms of the Beijing Opera masks greatly symbolize the vividness and profundity of Chinese art of facial painting.
Color Table for Face Painting in Beijing Opera
Colors on the face ?Personality
Red ? loyalty
?Purple resolution and resourcefulness
Black honesty, uprightness
White treachery, cruelty, bossiness
Blue ? bravery
Green justice, chivalry
Yellow brutality, ferociousness
Gray old heroes
VI. Translation of reading
国旗、颜色和文化
今天，每一个独立国家都有一面赋予该国独一无二身份的国旗。这些旗帜不仅仅是缝在一起的布和线。一面国旗让我们了解它所代表的国家，并常常象征着该国的起源及其价值观、信仰和文化。有时颜色在各种文化中意义相同，但对不同国家的人们来说，它们的含义也常会千差万别。
法国
法国的国旗有时被称为“三色旗”，是1789年法国大革命初开始使用的。在大革命前，社会局势极为不安，因为法国人民没有自由而且常受到不公正待遇。许多人死于饥饿。十年后，法国大革命的结束给整个法国带来了根本性的变化。人们享有更多的自由，所有人都被视为是平等的。
法国国旗上使用的红色、白色和蓝色是大革命座右铭的形象提示——自由、平等、博爱。红色展示了法国人民的勇气、革命（精神）、力量和鲜血，所有这些都是改造这个国家所必需的。蓝色象征着自由和正义，而白色代表和平和诚实。法国由大革命得到壮大，脱胎换骨。今天这些原则仍然在指引着法国。
法国大革命成功消除了社会不平等，这对其他许多国家影响甚巨，尤其是欧洲国家。事实上，继法国之后，一些国家也选择用三色的旗帜来替换原来的国旗。就这样，法国三色旗成了历史上影响最大的国旗之一。
美国
美国也是在革命中诞生的，它的国旗“星条旗”就象征了这点。美国最初是英国的殖民地。当时美国只有十三个州，远远少于今日的五十个州。一些殖民地居民很不满英国政府的官僚统治方式，并对此直言不讳。作为纳税人，他们在政府中毫无发言权，对此他们觉得忍无可忍。他们渴望独立，但遭到英国政府反对。殖民地居民决议，他们必须争取自由，而消极被动无法赢得独立。1776年7月4日，《独立宣言》，美国脱离了英国，成为自治的联邦制国家。
红色、白色和蓝色，以及美国国旗上的星星和条纹都具象征意义。红色代表力量和勇气，白色意味着纯洁和天真，蓝色代表着辛劳和正义。美国国旗上有五十颗星，每颗星代表一个州。十三道条纹是为了纪念为摆脱英国统治而联合起来进行独立斗争的最初十三个州。
每年七月四日美国都庆祝独立日。夜晚，烟花照亮全美处处可见的星条旗。
印度尼西亚
1945年8月17日，即第二次世界大战结束的第三天，印度尼西亚的国旗生效。这面国旗简单至极，上半部分是红色的带子，下半部分是白色的带子。它是以十三世纪的九道红白条的国旗为基础的。
印尼国旗颜色的含义有多种解释。最普遍的一种解释是红色代表鲜血或者物质相关的东西，而白色则代表着与精神相关的事物。另一种说法是这些颜色与食物有关。对印尼人来说，红色与糖的颜色（产糖植物的颜色）相似，白色看起来像大米。糖和大米都是印尼的日常食物。
另一些人说， 印尼国旗上的红色代表印尼人民勇敢和体贴人的本性。它还可以象征印尼火山的火焰或象征着赤道穿越这个国家。和许多其他国家一样，白色在印尼也被视为纯洁的象征。
国旗上的每种颜色都经过审慎选择，代表一个国家或其人民。因此在开一面国旗时，我们就可以开始了解和学习一个国家的历史和文化。国旗也是了解国家之间异同点的好的着眼点。
VII. Translation of reading and project
玫瑰是红色的，紫罗兰是蓝色的，但究竟哪一种真正适合你呢？
你有没有想过为何你喜欢某些颜色而不喜欢其他的呢？虽然通常来说人类喜欢色彩，但我们对色彩的选择却未必随意。颜色是表达不同感觉的载体，但其含义取决于社会。同样的颜色可能在一种文化中是褒义，而在另一种文化中是贬义。
我们来看看红色。红色代表火热和情感。在一些文化中，红色象征欢乐和庆祝，与喜事相联。例如，在中国红色是幸福、兴奋和好运气的颜色。因此中国人传统上穿红色婚礼服。同时红色也可代表不好的东西，例如暴力和危险警告，就像美国的“当心”标志。在一些地方红色含有悲伤的意味，比如在南非红色表示哀悼。另外，红色也有政治含义，因为许多国家的国旗上用它代表勇气。
黄色也许有许多不同文化含义。黄色在绝大多数时候与阳光和温暖联系在一起。正如红色一样，在一些地方黄色代表幸福和欢乐，但在另外一些地方它意味着损失。在数十年前的美国和英国，等待丈夫或男友从战争中平安归来的女士们在上衣领和袖子上系黄色缎带，作为希望的标志。在埃及，黄色的意义则截然相反，它象征着丧失希望，因为黄色时哀悼时用的颜色；在中世纪的埃及，演员穿黄色的衣服来扮演死者。黄色在日本代表勇气，在印度代表和平，但在西方文化中，如果说某人是黄色的，意思是这个人胆小。
绿色通常与积极的意思相关，与生命联系最密切。它是自然界中最常见的颜色，因此常被用来代表生长、健康和环境。它长期以来与爱尔兰相联系，该国的国花是绿色的。在古埃及，绿色象征着希望和春天，而春天是一年中自然万物在漫长冬季后复苏的时候。从负面意义上看，绿色表明嫉妒。另外，绿色的负面意思还可指某人缺乏经验。
在所有的颜色中黑色是最深的。西方文化中，人们常常穿黑色，因为他们认为黑色很酷且高雅。习语“in the black”也传递积极信息，即有钱或盈利的意思。但即使在西方，黑色也有否定的含义。例如，在好莱坞电影中，反面人物比如盗贼，常常穿黑色衣服。此外，在多数欧美人士哀悼时穿黑色。
白色是所有颜色中最淡的。在西方，这种颜色常象征着洁净、纯洁、美德和天真。正因如此，白色通常与外科医生、护士、牙医之类的人联系在一起。在大多数西方国家，白色是婚礼上用的传统颜色，女士穿白色礼服结婚。但在中国，穿白色衣服去参加婚礼是不合适的，因为白色是哀悼和葬礼的传统颜色。在一些情况下，白色也是神圣的表征。例如，在基督教中上帝和天使常穿白色的衣服，教会的精神领袖也常穿白色。
所有的颜色都承载着不同的意思。因此，下次你选择衣服时，可不能随意乱选。否则你可能会无意中表达了你并不想表达的意思。
Grammar and usage
1. The news that France had a successful revolution had a big effect on many other countries, particularly those in Europe.（P40）
法国大革命的成功的消息对其他国家影响很大，尤其是一些欧洲国家。
1). effect
the result of a particular influence: 影响、效果 I tried taking tablets for the headache but they didn't have any effect. I think I'm suffering from the effects of too little sleep. take effect
to produce or achieve the results you want: 开始生效、起作用 They had to wait ten minutes for the anaesthetic to take effect before they stitched up the cut.
effective ?adjective successful or achieving the results that you want: 有效的、有影响的 It's an extremely effective cure for a headache. She's a very effective teacher
相关高考试题：
(1999 上海)
1. The new law will come into _________ on the day it is passed.
A. effect B. use C. service D, existence
答案及解析：1. A 开始生效
2). Apposition
When two nouns phrases come one after the other in a sentence and both represent the same thing, these noun phrases are in apposition. Here, in this sentence, the noun fact is used before the noun clause which is a form of apposition.
Eg. The idea that red represents bravery and blood is widely believed.
相关高考试题：
1. (2005辽宁)
Do you have any idea _______ is actually going on in the classroom?
A. that B. what C. as D. which
2. (2005浙江)
Danby left word with my secretary _______ he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
3. (2005广东)
Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _______ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
4.（2006四川）??
-It’s thirty years since we last met. -But I still remember the story, believe it or not,?_____ we got lost on a rainy night.?
A. which? B. that? C. what? D. when
5. (2001上海)
Information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
答案：1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B
2. It is a very colorful event, one that has become an institution for celebrating the King or Queen’s birthday since 1805. (P41)
这是一个多彩的活动，自1805你以来一直成为庆祝国王或王后生日的庆典。
1). event noun [C] anything that happens, especially something important or unusual: 重大事件 This year's Olympic Games will be the biggest ever sporting event. The police are trying to determine the series of events that led up to the murder. one of a set of races or competitions: 竞赛 The women's 200 metre event will be followed by the men's 100 metres.
2). one
Here pron. is used as an appositive.
相关高考试题：
1. (2002NEMT)
Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _______ I will always treasure.
A. that B. one C. it D. what
2. (2007 陕西)
- There is still a copy of the book in the library. Wall you go and borrow ?
- No, I’d rather buy in the bookstore.
A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it
答案：1. B 2. A
●Project
1. Rose are red, violets are blue, but which of the two really suits you? (P46)
玫瑰是红色的，紫罗兰是蓝色的，但究竟哪一种真正适合你呢？
1). suit
suit
verb [T] to be right for a particular person, situation or occasion: 适合 Corn is grown a lot in this area - the soil seems to suit it very well. The city lifestyle seems to suit her - she's certainly looking very well. suited ?? adjective right for someone or something: 适合的 With her qualifications and experience, she would seem to be ideally suited to/for the job. If two people who have a relationship are suited, they have a good relationship which will probably last, often because they share a lot of interests: 适宜的 They were never suited (to each other) from the start - they've got nothing in common. suitable ?? adjective acceptable or right for someone or something: 适合的 My mother doesn't like me wearing short skirts to church - she doesn't think they're suitable.
相关高考试题：
1. (2004全国)
— How about eight o' clock outside the cinema?
—That _______ me fine.
A. fits B. meets C. satisfies D. suits
答案及解析: 1. D 时间地点适合某人用suit sb.
2. In most Western countries, white is traditionally a color for wedding celebrations and women get married in a white dress. (P46)
在大多数西方国家，白色是婚礼上用的传统颜色，女士穿白色礼服结婚。
1). get married
verb [L + past participle] getting, got, got or US gotten sometimes used instead of 'be' to form the passive: They're getting married later this year. This window seems to have got broken.
相关高考试题：
1. (2002北京春)
Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may ______ run over by a car.
A. have B. get C. become D. turn
2. (2002 全国春)
--- How are the team playing?
--- They're playing well, but one of them hurt.
A. got B. gets C. are D. were
3. (2001全国)
As we joined the big crowd I got ______ from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
4.(2007 天津)
Hardly could he_____ this amount of work in such a short time.
A. get through B. get off C. get into D. get down
答案及解析: 1. B 被碾、被撞
2. A 受伤
3. A 被分开
4. A 完成
●Reading--- National flags, colors and cultures
1. These are more than just colorful pieces of cloth and thread sewn together. (P34)
这些旗帜不仅仅是缝在一起的布和线。
1). More than
More than的用法总结
● A. “More than＋名词”表示“多于……”、“非但……尤其是”如： 1) Modern science is more than a large amount of information. 2) Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too.
● B. “More than＋数词”含“以上”或“不止”之意，如： 3) I have known David for more than 20 years. 4) Let's carry out the test with more than the sample copy. ● C. “More than＋形容词”等于“很”或“非常”的意思，如： 5) In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments. 6) I assure you I am more than glad to help you. ● D. 在“More...than...”中，肯定“more”后面的而否定“than”后面的，约等于“是……而不是……”如： 7) The difference between pure linguistics and applied linguistics is more apparent than real. 8) This book seems to be more a manual than a text. 9) Catherine is more diligent than intelligent. 10) Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened. ● E. “More than”或“More...than...”＋含“can”的分句时表示“否定意”，如： 11) That's more than I can do. 12) Don't bite off more than you can chew. 13) In delivering his lecture, Jason makes sure not to include more things than the students can understand.
● F. “No more...than...”表示“不……；不如……”，如： 14) I can no more do that than anyone else. 15) A learner can no more obtain knowledge without reading than a farmer can get good harvest without ploughing.” “No more…...than...”的语义，也可用“not any more than...”来取代，因此 15 可以变成 16。 16) A learner cannot... any more than...
“more than”也在一些惯用语中出现，如： 17) More often than not （经常），people tend to pay attention to what they can take rather than what they can give. 18) All of us are more than a little concerned about（非常关心）the current economic problems.
2). sew
verb?[I/T]? to join together or attach (esp. pieces of cloth) by putting thread through it with a needle? 缝补 She sewed her outfit by hand. Would you sew on these buttons? I had to sew up (= repair) a hole in my jeans. 3) pieces of cloth and thread sewn together
sewn: a past participle used as an attributive
Eg. a building built on the coast
相关高考试题：
1. (2005北京)
The prize of the game show is $30000 and an all expenses ______ vacation to China.
A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid
2.（2002上海）
Don't use words, expressions, or phrases_______ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known
3.（2002春招）
Prices of daily goods______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying
4. （2004浙江）
Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M.
A. knowing??????? B. known?????????? C. being known?? D. to be known
5. （2004上海）
The disc, digitally ______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded???????? B. recording????? C. to be recorded?? D. having recorded
6. (2007 全国Ⅰ)
We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with
7. (2007 全国Ⅱ)
Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his ____ one. A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known
8. （2007 湖南）
“Things _________ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost
答案：1. B 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A
2. Before the Revolution, there had been great unrest because people had not had freedom and had often been treated unfairly. (P34)
在大革命前，社会局势极为不安，因为法国人民没有自由而且常受到不公正待遇。
1). unrest ?? disagreements or fighting between different groups of people; 动荡，骚乱 It is feared that the civil unrest we are now witnessing in this country could lead to full-scale civil war.
2). treat
verb [T usually + adverb or preposition] to behave towards someone or deal with something in a particular way: 处理、对付 My parents treated us all the same when we were kids. It's wrong to treat animals as if they had no feelings. I treat remarks like that with the contempt that they deserve. treatment ?
[U] the way you deal with or behave towards someone or something: 处理方法 Peter gets special treatment because he knows the boss. [C or U] the way something is considered and examined: 对待、处理 The same subject matter gets a very different treatment by Chris Wilson in his latest novel.
3). Grammar point.
In this sentence, there is a grammar point-- the usage of past perfect tense. A perfective tense used to express action completed in the past; "`I had finished' is an example of the past perfect"
相关高考试题：
1. (2005北京)
He _________ more that 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15? ?A. has learned?? B. would have learned? C. learned?? D. had learned
2. (2005广东)
The policeman's attention was suddenly caught by a small box which ______ placed under the Minister's car. ?A. has been??????????? B. was being???????? C. had been???????? D. would be 3. (2005湖北)
When the old man ______ to walk back to his house, the sun _____ itself behind the mountain. ?A. started ;had already hidden ? B. had started ;had already hidden C. had started ;was hiding???? D. was starting; hid
4. (2006全国)
John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _______ for the wedding. A. will plan?B. has planned?? C. would plan?D. had planned
5. (2006天津)
－Did Linda see the traffic accident?? －No, no sooner________ than it happened. A. had she gone? B. she had gone? C. has she gone??? D. she has gone
6. (2007 陕西)
I there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist.
A. would be B. have been C. had been D. will be
7. (2007 安徽)
They became friends again that day. Until then, they _______ to each other for nearly two years.
A. didn't speak B. hadn't spoken C. haven' t spoken D. haven' t been speaking
答案：1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B
3. Red shows the bravery, revolution, strength and blood of the French, which were all needed to change the country. (P34)
红色展示了法国人民的勇气、革命（精神）、力量和鲜血，所有这些都是改造这个国家所必需的。
1). strength (EFFORT) ? noun [U] the ability to do things that need a lot of physical or mental effort: 努力、尽力、力量 She had the strength and stamina to take the lead and win the gold medal. Admitting you've made a mistake is a sign of strength, not weakness. We shall struggle on, drawing our strength from the courage of others. Much of the country's military strength lies in its missile force. strengthen ?? verb [I or T] to make something stronger or more effective 使强壮、加强、巩固 They have been strengthening their border defenses in preparation for war. His battle against cancer has strengthened his belief in God. The accident strengthens the case for better safety measures at fairgrounds. The organization's aim is to strengthen the cultural ties between Britain and Germany.
2). Attributive clause
Attributive: A word or word group, such as an adjective, that is placed adjacent to the noun it modifies without a linking verb; for example, pale in the pale girl. While a clause is used as an attributive, it is called attributive clause.
相关高考试题：
1.（2006江苏）
The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. A. who? B. that? C. as? D. which
2.（2006湖南）
We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, ______ we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which?? ??B. to whom???? ?C. with whom?????? ?D. with which
3.（2006陕西）
She was educated at Beijing University, _______ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.
A. after that??? B. from that?? C. from which??? D. after which
4. （2006山东）
We’re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.（山东06） A. where?? B. that?? C. when?? D. which
5. (2005广东)
Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _______ people were eaten by the tiger.
A. in which B. by which C. which D. that
6. (2005天津)
Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _______ effects the people are still suffering.
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
7. (2007北京)
We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people, most of _____are healthy
A. that B. which C. what D. whom
8. （2007全国Ⅱ）
Some pre-school children go to a day care center, ______ they learn simple games and songs.
A. then B. there C. while D. where
答案：1. D 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. D
4. In this way, the French Tricolore has become one of the most influential national flags. (P34) 就这样，法国三色旗成了历史上影响最大的国旗之一。
1). influential
influence ?? noun [C or U] the power to have an effect on people or things影响力；影响 Helen's a bad/good influence on him. Christopher hoped to exert his influence to make them change their minds. At the time she was under the influence of her father. influence
verb [T] to affect or change how someone or something develops, behaves or thinks: 影响 She's very good at making friends and influencing people. [+ object + to infinitive] What influenced you to choose a career in nursing? influential ?
adjective 有影响力的 She wanted to work for a bigger and more influential (= powerful) newspaper. Johnson was influential (= important) in persuading the producers to put money into the film.
2) Grammar point: Perfective tense
A perfective tense used to express action completed in the past; "`I had finished' is an example of the past perfect"
相关高考试题：
1.（2006江苏）
Although medical science __________ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. A. achieved? B. has achieved? C. will achieve? D. had achieve 2.（2006陕西）
The construction of the two new railway lines _______by now. A. has been completed??? ? B. have been completed C. has completed????? D. have completed
3. （2006湖北）
I won't tell the student the answer to the math problem until he ____on it for more than an hour. ? A. has been working????????????? B. will have worked
C. will have been working??????? D. had worked
4. (2007福建)
Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.
A. works B. is working C. has worked D. worked
5. (2007湖南)
Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ______English for a year.
A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying
6.（2007 北京）
I got caught in the rain and my suit____.
A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined
7. (2007 天津)
If Newton lived today, he would be surprise by what ____ in science and technology.
A. had discovered B. had been discovered
C. has discovered D. has been discovered
答案：1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. D
5. At that time, there were thirteen states, which is far fewer than the fifty that make up today’s USA. (P34) 当时美国只有十三个州，远远少于今日的五十个州。
1). make up
to form a particular thing, amount or number as a whole: 组成 Road accident victims make up almost a quarter of the hospital's patients. The book is made up of a number of different articles.
make常用短语及用法:
make for somewhere/sth (GO TOWARDS) phrasal verb to go in the direction of a place or thing: 朝某方向走 They made for the centre of town.
make for sth (MAKE POSSIBLE) phrasal verb to result in or make possible: 对……有帮助的 Having faster computers would make for a more efficient system
make sth up (INVENT) phrasal verb [M] to invent something, such as an excuse or a story, often in order to deceive: 编造 I made up an excuse about having to look after the kids. My dad was always really good at making up stories.
make allowances for To make allowances for someone or their characteristics is to take their characteristics into consideration and not judge them too severely: 考虑到、体谅 You should make allowances for him - he's been quite ill recently. "This is a poor piece of work." "Yes, but you should make allowances for the fact that she's only seven."
make the best of
to make an unsatisfactory situation as pleasant as possible: 充分利用 We'll have to spend the night here, so we might as well make the best of it.
make ends meet to have just enough money to pay for the things that you need使收支相平衡
make fun of sb/sth to make a joke about someone or something in a way that is not kind: 取笑某人 The other children were always making fun of him because he was fat and wore glasses.
make certain/sure to take action so that you are certain that something happens, is true, etc: 确保、务必 I'll just make sure I've turned the oven off. Make certain (that) we have enough drink for the party. Make sure you're home by midnight. Jones made sure of his place in the side with three fine goals. I think I locked the door but I'll go back and check just to make sure.
2). Comparative and superlative degree of adjective and adverbs
Comparative degree: expressing a greater degree or “more”, eg better, worse, slower, more difficult. Superlative: of adjective s or adverbs expressing the highest or a very high degree, eg best, slowest, and most difficult.
相关高考试题：
1.（2006江苏 ） I wish you’d do ________ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better.??
A. a bit less? B. any less? C. much more? D. a little more
2.（2006安徽） Of the two sisters, Betty is?________one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.
A. a younger??????????????? B. a youngest
C. the younger????????????? D. the youngest 3.（2006四川）
-Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
-Yes. I’ve never been to?_______?one before. ? A. a more excited? B. the most excited??? C. a more exciting D. the most exciting 4.（2006陕西）
I used to earn _______ than a pound a week when I first started work. A. less??? B. fewer?? ?C. a few???? D. little
5.（2007全国Ⅱ）
After two years’ research, we now have a ____ better understanding of the disease. A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite
6.（2007四川）
Of the two coats, I'd choose the ________ one to spare some money for a book.
A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive
7. (2007 北京)
The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here ___.
A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest
8.（2007 江西）
The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted ___ if it had been put in the fridge for a little while.
A. good B. better C. best D. well
答案：1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. B 9. B
6. The colonists decided that their freedom was no longer optional and that their independence would not be won by being passive. (P35)
殖民地居民决议，他们必须争取自由，而消极被动无法赢得独立。
1). optional
noun [C or U] one thing which can be chosen from a set of possibilities, or the freedom to make a choice: 选择
The best option would be to cancel the trip altogether. There are various options open to someone who is willing to work hard. They didn't leave him much option - either he paid or they'd beat him up. [C] SPECIALIZED the right to buy something in the future: 选择权 a share option The publishers decided not to take up their option on the paperback version. optional ? adjective 可供选择的、可选择的 If something is optional, you can choose whether to do it, pay it, buy it, etc: English is compulsory for all students, but art and music are optional.
2). passive voice
a way of structuring a sentence so that the grammatical subject is the person or thing which experiences the effect of an action, rather than the person or thing which causes the effect: When changed into the passive, 'The dog chased the cat' becomes 'The cat was chased by the dog'.
相关高考试题：
1.（2006江苏）
--- I don’t suppose the police know who did it. --- Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and ________ now. ?? A. has been questioned?? B. is being questioned ?? C. is questioning? ? D. has questioned 2.（2006辽宁）
It is said that the early European playing-cards ____ for entertainment and education. A. were being designed??????B. have designed C. have been designed?????? D. were designed
3.（2006山东）
Although the causes of cancer ____, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.
A. are being uncovered?? B. have been uncovering?? C. are uncovering??????? D. have uncovered
4. （2007湖北）
As the years passed, many occasions—birthdays, awards, graduations—________ with Dad’s flowers.
A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had marked
5. (2007 全国Ⅰ)
The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time.
A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell
6.（2007全国Ⅱ）
At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close
答案：1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. C
7. The thirteen stripes are to remind people of the original thirteen states that joined together to fight for independence form Britain. (P35)
十三道条纹是为了纪念为摆脱英国统治而联合起来进行独立斗争的最初十三个州。
1). are to remind people of ……
在英语里，“?be?+?to?do?”结构可用来表示将来时间，它的具体用法如下： 1.?表示“按计划、安排（要做某事）”。例如： We?are?to?meet?at?the?school?gate.? （我们将在校门口碰头。） They?are?to?go?travelling?in?August.?（他们计划八月份去旅游。） 2.?表示“命令”。例如： You?are?to?be?back?before?five?o’clock.?（你须在?5?点钟以前回来。） The?room?is?to?be?locked.?（这个房间要上锁。） 3.?表示“职责”。例如： I?am?to?inform?you?that?the?meeting?will?be?held?in?Wuha（我谨通知你会议将在武汉召开。） He?is?to?design?a?new?machine.?（他将设计一台新机器。） 4.?表示“目的”。例如： The?prize?was?to?honor?him?for?his?great?discoveries.?（这项奖励是为了对他的重大发现而表示的敬意。） 5.?表示“用途”。例如： A?pen?is?to?write?with.?（钢笔是用来写字的。） 6.?表示“命中注定”。例如： They?were?never?to?meet?again.?（他们注定以后永远不会再见面了。） 7.?表示“应该做（某事）”。例如： What?are?we?to?do?next？?（我们下一步应该怎么办？） What?is?to?be?done?when?something?gets?into?your?eyes？（如果你眼睛里进了东西，该怎么办？） 8.?表示“可能性”。例如： It’s?eleven?o’clock?now.?He?is?to?get?to?Mike’s?house.?（现在?11?点了，可能他已经到达迈克的家了。） Let’s?see?who?is?to?win?the?game.?（让我们看看谁会赢得这场比赛。） 9.?表示“征求对方的意见”。例如： Am?I?to?go?on?with?the?work？?（这项工作我是不是接着干下去？） When?are?they?to?hand?in?their?plan？（他们的计划什么时候交上来？）? ?
相关高考试题：
1. (NMET'99)
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.? ? A. not make????????????? B. not to make?? ? C. not making??????????? D. do not make
2. (2007 重庆)
Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) ________ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.
A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought
C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought
答案：1. B 2. B
8. The flag, which could not be further simplified, is red band over a white one, and is based on a national flag dating back to the 13th century. (P35)
这面国旗简单至极，上半部分是红色的带子，下半部分是白色的带子。它是以十三世纪的九道红白条的国旗为基础的。
1). date back
phrasal verb to have existed a particular length of time or since a particular time:追溯到……时间 This tradition dates back to medieval times
2). base sth on sth
phrasal verb If you base something on facts or ideas, you use those facts or ideas to develop it: 以……基础 The film is based on a short story by Thomas Mann.
3). a national flag dating back to the 13th century
Here in this sentence, ing-form is used as an attributive;
相关高考试题：
1.（2006湖南）
The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _____ the desert. A. covering??? B. covered????????? ?C. cover??????????? ?D. to cover
2.（2006天津）
Don’t respond to any e-mails?_______ personal information, no matter how official they look. A. searching???? B. asking???????? C. requesting??????? D. questioning
3.（2006辽宁）
I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _____ Chinese in the school, most???_____???were from Germany. A. study; of whom?? ??????B. study; of them C. studying; of them???????D. studying; of? whom
4. (2007 全国Ⅰ)
I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
答案：1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A
9. The most common one is that red stands for blood, or things that are physical, while white represents the spiritual. (P35)
最普遍的一种解释是红色代表鲜血或者物质相关的东西，而白色则代表着与精神相关的事物。另一种说法是这些颜色与食物有关。
1). spirit (NOT BODY) ?? noun [U] the characteristics of a person that are considered as being separate from the body, and which many religions believe continue to exist after the body dies: 精神 Although he's now living in America, I feel he's with me in spirit (= I feel he is present and is influencing me, in a way that is not physical). spiritual ?? adjective relating to deep feelings and beliefs, especially religious beliefs: 精神的 Traditional ways of life fulfilled both economic and spiritual needs. 2). while
while (ALTHOUGH) ?
conjunction (MAINLY UK FO RMAL whilst) despite the fact that; although: 尽管 While I accept that he's not perfect in many respects, I do actually quite like the man. While I fully understand your point of view, I do also have some sympathy with Michael's.
while (BUT)
compared with the fact that; but: 但是,表转折关系 Tom is very extrovert and confident while Katy's shy and quiet. I do every single bit of housework while he just does the dishes now and again
相关高考试题：
1.（2006天津）
The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain,??? ?? the quality of life is probably one of the highest. A. since??????? B. when??????? C. as???????????? D. while
2（2004江苏）
I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.
A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless
3. (2007 山东)
_______ I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive.
A. As B. Since C. If D. While
4. (2007 四川)
I'd like to study law at university ________ my cousin prefers geography.
A. though B. as C. while D. for
答案：1. D 2. A 3. D 4. C
3). predicative clause
(In grammar, especially of adjectives or phrases) following a verb such as be, get, become, seem, look. If a clause is used as a predicative, it is called a predicative clause.
相关高考试题：
1.（2005全国I）
See the flags on top of the building? That was______ we did this morning. A. when????????? B. which???????? C. where????????? D. What
2. (2005江苏)
---Don’t you think it necessary that he _____ to Miami but to New York?
---I agree, but the problem is _______ he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
3. (2002 上海)
Perseverance is a kind of quality—and that’s ______ it takes to do anything well.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
答案：1. D 2. B 3. A
10. It can also symbolize the fire that comes from Indonesia’s volcanoes, or the fact that the equator goes through the country. (P35)
它还可以解释为是印度尼西亚火山喷发出的火焰，或者是通过国家的赤道。
1) go through
the equator goes through the country 通过、穿过
go常用短语及用法
go against sth/sb phrasal verb to oppose or disagree with something or someone: 反对 Public opinion is going against the government on this issue. What you're asking me to do goes against everything I believe in.
go ahead phrasal verb 1 to start to do something: 开始做、继续 I got so fed up with waiting for him to do it that I just went ahead and did it myself. 2 INFORMAL said to someone in order to give them permission to start to do something: "Could I ask you a rather personal question?" "Sure, go ahead."
go for sth (LIKE) phrasal verb to like or admire: 喜欢 I don't go for war films in a big way (= very much). What sort of men do you go for (= are you attracted to)?
go in for sth (ENJOY) phrasal verb to do something regularly, or to enjoy something: 爱好 I've never really gone in for classical music, but I love jazz.
go over sth (EXAMINE) phrasal verb to examine or look at something in a careful or detailed way: 检查、复习 Forensic scientists are going over the victim's flat in a search for clues about the murderer. I've gone over the problem several times, but I can't think of a solution.
go through sth (EXPERIENCE) phrasal verb to experience a difficult or unpleasant situation: 经历、体验 I've been going through a bad patch recently. You'd think his children would be more sympathetic towards him after all he's gone through (= the many bad things he has experienced).
go without (sth) phrasal verb to not have something or to manage to live despite not having something: 将就着过 If you don't want fish for dinner, then you'll just have to go without! I'd rather go without food than work for him.
go wrong to make a mistake: 出问题 These shelves are very easy to put together - you can't go wrong. I thought I'd done this correctly, I just can't understand where I've gone wrong.
相关高考试题：
1.（2006广东）
The traffic lights?______?green and I pulled away. ?A. came????????????? B. grew???????? C. got????? D. went
2.（2007安徽）
-- Didn't you have a good time at the party?
-- Of course I did. As a matter of fact, I had such fun that time seemed to _______ so quickly.
A. go by B. go away C. go out D. go over
3. (2007 浙江)
Would you please ______ this form for me to see if I've fired it in right?
A. take off B. look after C. give up D. go over
答案：1. D 2. A 3. D
11. It will also make it more interesting to read because you can compare your own knowledge with the new information you learnt from the article. (P35)
你可以通过比较你所拥有的知识和书本所得到的知识，让阅读更加有趣。
1). compare (EXAMINE DIFFERENCES) ??
verb [T] to examine or look for the difference between two or more things: 比较、对比 That seems expensive - have you compared prices in other shops? Compare some recent work with your older stuff and you'll see how much you've improved. Children seem to learn more interesting things compared to/with when we were at school. comparative ?? adjective comparing different things: 可比的、相对的 She's carrying out a comparative study of health in inner cities and rural areas. comparatively ?adverb as compared to something else: 可比较的 We couldn't afford it and yet we're comparatively well-off (= we are richer than most people). Comparatively speaking, this machine is easy to use. comparison ??
noun [C or U] when two or more people or things are compared: 比较、对比 They made a comparison of different countries' eating habits. By/In comparison with the French, the British eat far less fish.
2). The usage of “it”
It is used as a formal object; the real object of the sentence is to read
相关高考试题：
1.（2006湖南）
As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _____ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town. A. this??? ?B. that????????????? ?C. one????????????? ?D. it
2.（2006浙江）
_______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. ? A. As ?B. That? C. This? D. It
3.（2006全国I）
If I can help_______, I don't like working late into the night. A. so???????????? B. that????????? C. it????????????? D. them
4.（2006山东）
I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A. that?? B. it?? C. this?? D. you
5. (2005全国I/II)
The chairman thought _______ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
A. that B. it C. this D. him
6. (2007北京)
____ felt funny watching myself on TV. A. On B. This C. It D. That
7. (2007江西)
I don’t mind her criticizing me, but is how she does it that I object to.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
8. (2007天津)
He didn’t make____clear when and where the meeting would be held.
A. this B. that C. it D. these
答案及解析：1. D 2. D 3. C 如果可以的话； 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. C
Task
1. Beijing opera roles require performers to paint their faces in patterns and colors to help display the dimensions and depth of the character’s personality. (P43)
京剧要求表演者把脸图成各种颜色和花纹，来表示人物的性格。
1). character
character (PERSON) ? noun [C] a person, especially when you are describing a particular quality that they have: 人物
She's a curious character - I don't really know what to think of her. There were one or two strange-looking characters hanging around the bar. INFORMAL someone whose behavior is different from most people's, especially in a way that is interesting or amusing: 性格、个性 He's quite a character/a real character, is Ted - he's seventy now and still riding that motorbike.
相关高考试题：
1. (2005上海)
He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his ________ was seen at its best when he worked with others.
A. temper B. appearance C. talent D. character
答案：1. D
2. Used in combination with other colors, though, or where it is not the main color, black can also show that someone is loyal and trustworthy. (P43)
尽管和其他颜色混合在一起，并且不是主要颜色，黑色可以表现出人物的忠诚。
1). though ?? conjunction；despite the fact that: 尽管 She hasn't phoned, even though she said she would. but: 但是 They're coming next week, though I don't know which day. adverb；despite this: 尽管、然而 We were at school together. I haven't seen her for years though.
相关高考试题：
1. (2005江苏)
---How is everything going on with you in Europe?
---Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hoped, _______.
A. though B. instead C. either D. too
2.（2007 浙江）
Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ________ they knew it to be valuable.
A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that
答案及解析：1. A 2. C
Part Two Teaching Resources
第二部分 教学资源
Section 1: A text structure analysis of National flags, colors and cultures
I. Summary of National flags, colors and cultures
Main idea of the passage
National flags of different countries and the symbolic meanings of the colors on flags.
Main idea of part 1
A brief introduction of the national flag
Main idea of part 2-4
French national flag, the ‘Tricolore'
Main idea of part 5-7
National flag of the USA, the ‘Stars and Stripes’
Main idea of part 8-9
National flag of Indonesia
Main idea of part 10
Value and meaning of national flags
II. A tree diagram of the text
III.A retold version of the text National flags, colors and cultures
The Reading passage is an Internet article about national flags, colors and cultures. The article mainly deals with the national flag of France, the USA and Indonesia. Along with the explanations of the flags of different countries, the article also presents some information about the countries’ history, cultures and the relationship between them. So from the article, readers also get some knowledge of the French Revolution, American Independence War. Because of the differences between different cultures, the symbolic meanings of the colors on the flags are different. In this aspect, the author gives some detailed analysis. For example, while explaining the symbolic meanings of the colors on the Indonesia national flag, various explanations are provided. On the whole, this article makes readers know a country better by introducing the national flags, colors and history.
●Section 3: Words and expressions
●Welcome to the unit
1. Can you think of any examples of the use of a particular color on a special occasion? (P33)
你可以举出一些颜色在某些特殊场合的有特殊作用的例子吗？
1). particular
adjective? special or single, or this and not any other? 特别的，特殊 Is there a particular restaurant you'd like to eat at? What in particular (= special things) did you like about the last apartment that we saw?
particularly adverb? very or very much; especially?特别地，特殊地 We're particularly interested in hearing from people who are fluent in both Spanish and English. particular (CAREFUL) adjective? wanting to make choices carefully because you are not easily satisfied? 挑剔的，在意的 She's very particular about what she eats.
2. The tulip comes in many different colors and is the national flower of the Netherlands. (p33)
郁金香可以开出各种颜色的花，它被新西兰当作国花。
1). come
verb?[I]? to move or travel toward the speaker or with the speaker?走近、靠近 Are you coming over to my house tonight? The man is coming to fix the dryer this afternoon. He came rushing over when I fell. Nobody has come forward yet with any information relating to the girl's death. If something comes to your attention, you have seen it or learned about it:? It has come to my attention that several people have been arriving late for work.
coming 即将到来的 adjective? We look forward to even greater success in the coming year.
come常用短语及用法
come across
to find (something or someone) by chance?偶然遇见，发现
He came across some old love letters
come up with
to suggest or think of (an idea or plan)?提出 Reublinger came up with a great idea for the ad campaign.
come at
?to move quickly toward (someone) to attack them?袭击 He came at me with a knife.
come by ?to obtain (something)?获得，得到 A good boss is not so easy to come by. I'd like to know how she came by that black eye.
come off (SUCCEED) to happen as planned or to succeed? 取得成功 I thought the party came off really well.
come on (HURRY) ?to move or act quickly or more quickly? 表示一种催促，鼓励 Come on -- we're going to be late if you don't hurry! You can also say come on to express annoyance or lack of belief: Oh, come on! You don't expect me to give up my bed for him?
come to (BECOME CONSCIOUS) to become conscious again after an accident or medical operation?苏醒过来 She sat by the child's bedside until he came to.
?to reach (a particular point)?达到，提到 His hair comes down to his shoulders. We haven't come to a decision on the matter yet. If you come to terms with something, you learn to understand and accept it:? 接受 He's trying to come to terms with his wife's death. If something comes to light, it becomes known:? 明了，变清晰 Fresh evidence has recently come to light. If something comes to rest, it stops:? 停止 The car hit the curb and came to rest in a ditch. come true
If something you desire comes true, it happens: 实现? I'd always dreamed of owning my own home and now my dream has come true
How come 口语：怎么会的
How come you got invited and I didn't (= Why did that happen)?
相关高考试题：
1.（2006天津）
Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isn’t much help when it?_____ shopping and eating. A. refers to????? B. speaks of?????? C. focuses on?????? D. comes to
2.（2006湖南）
It's already 10 o'clock I wonder how it _______ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
A. came over?? B. came out?? C: came about? D. came up
3. (2005福建)
The dictionary is being printed and it will soon _______.
A. turn out B. come out C. start out D. go out
4. (2005江西)
Please tell me how the accident ________. I am still in the dark.
A. came by B. came upon C. came to D. came about
5. (2007全国Ⅰ)
If we can our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.
A. come across B. get over C. come over D. get off
6. (2007北京)
----It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.
-----Oh, don’t mention it. I _____past your house anyway.
A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come
7. (2007江苏)
—Have you some new ideas?
—Yeah. I’ll tell you later.
A. come about B. come into C. come up with D. come out with
答案及解析：
1. D 当谈到……
2. C 发生
3. B 出版、发行
4. D 发生
5. B 克服
6. A 经过
7. C 提出
●Word power
1. It is named after the Greek goddess of the rainbow.（P38）
它以希腊的彩虹女神而命名。
1). name sb/sth after sb/sth phrasal verb (US ALSO name sb/sth for sb/sth) to give someone or something the same name as another person or thing: 以……命名 Paul was named after his grandad. She told us about his brother, Apollo, born in 1969 and named for the U.S. astronauts' mission to the moon.
in the name of sb (ALSO in sb's name) for someone or belonging to someone: 以……名义 I've come to collect my tickets - I reserved them by phone yesterday in the name of Tremin. The house is in my wife's name.
2. I’ve been working so hard to make sure I could pass all my exams that I’d even given up
my part-time job and now I was in the red.（P39）
我如此努力的学习来确保顺利通过考试，以至于我放弃了打零工的机会，所以我现在手头很紧。
1). give up
give up (sth) phrasal verb to stop doing something before you have completed it, usually because it is too difficult: 放弃 [+ ing form of verb] I've given up trying to help her.
up常用短语及用法
add up to sth (AMOUNT) phrasal verb to become a particular amount: 累计、总计 We thought we'd bought lots of food, but it didn't add up to much when we'd spread it out on the table
bring sb up (CARE FOR) phrasal verb [M] to care for a child until it is an adult, often giving it particular beliefs: 培养、抚养 She was brought up by her grandmother. They brought her up (as/to be) a Catholic. bring sth up (VOMIT) phrasal verb
to vomit something: 呕吐 She was crying so much I thought she'd bring up her breakfast.
build (sb/sth) up (INCREASE) phrasal verb [M] to increase or become larger or stronger, or to cause someone or something to do this:逐渐形成 Tension is building up between the two communities. It took her ten years to build up her publishing business.
cheer (sb) up (HAPPIER) phrasal verb [M] If someone cheers up, or something cheers them up, they start to feel happier: 振作起来 She was ill so I sent her some flowers to cheer her up. Cheer up! It's not that bad! clear up (WEATHER) phrasal verb INFORMAL
If the weather clears up, the cloud and rain disappears: 天气放晴 I hope it clears up in time for the picnic.
fix sth up (ARRANGE) phrasal verb [M] to arrange a meeting, date, event, etc: 安排 I'd like to fix up a meeting with you next week sometime.
keep (sth) up (CONTINUE) phrasal verb [M] to continue without stopping or changing, or to continue something without allowing it to stop or change: 保持、维持 Keep up the good work!
light (sth) up (EXPRESSION) phrasal verb [M] If your face or eyes light up, or if a smile lights up your face, you suddenly look happy:神情焕发 Rosie's whole face lit up with excitement when she saw the presents.
live up to sth phrasal verb to be as good as something: 不辜负 The concert was brilliant - it lived up to all our expectations.
set sth up (START) phrasal verb [M] to formally establish a new company, organization, system, way of working, etc: 建立 She plans to set up her own business. They've set up a fund for victims of the earthquake.
turn up (somewhere) (APPEAR) phrasal verb [M] INFORMAL to arrive or appear somewhere, usually unexpectedly or in way that was not planned: 出现 Do you think many people will turn up? She turned up at my house late one night.
相关高考试题：
1.（2006山东）
After he retired from office, Rogers ____ painting for a while, but soon lost interest. A. took up? B. saved up?? C. kept up??? D. drew up
2.（2006湖北）As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village ______scenes of my childhood. ?? A. called up????? B. called for?? C. called on????? D. called in
3. (2005安徽)
Kathy _______ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.
A. picked up B. took up C. made up D. turned up
4. (2005江苏)
Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _______ jokes.
A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up
5. (2002 北京春)
-- Smoking is bad for your health.
-- Yes I know. But I simply can’t _______.
A. give it up B. give it in C. give it out D. give it away
6.（2007 江苏）
—Do you think about that housing price will keep in these years to come?
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A. lifting up B. going up C. bringing up D. growing up
7.（2007 全国Ⅰ）
“Goodbye, then,” she said, without even ___________ from her book.
A. looking down B. looking up C. looking away D. looking on
答案及解析：1. A 开始从事
2. A 唤起……回忆
3. A 偶然学习到
4. C 编造
5. A 放弃
6. B 价格上涨
7. B 往上看
