常用词语辨析[上学期]

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名称 常用词语辨析[上学期]
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科目 英语
更新时间 2008-12-07 11:24:00

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暑期专题辅导材料五
常用词语辨析
1. above , over
介词above,over都有“在……上面”之意,但含意和用法有所不同。above表示在某物的上方。但不一定有“正上方”的含义;over则指在某物的正上方。例如:
A lamp hung over us . 在我们上方悬挂着一盏灯。(灯恰好在我们的正上方。)
Their classroom is above ours on the third floor .
他们的教室在我们教室的上面三(四)楼。(不一定恰好在我们教室的正上方。)
2. accept , receive
receive仅有“收到”的意思。而accept还有“接受”“领受”之意,其反义词是refuse例如:receive an invitation 收到一个邀请(不一定应允被邀而去);accept an invitation接受一个邀请(应允被邀而去)
3. accident , incident
accident通常指偶然发生的不幸事件;incident通常指任何不很重要的事件。
如:We got back without accident . 我们平安无事地回来了。On the way home my friend told me of an incident that took place in his home town . 在回家的路上我的朋友告诉我一件发生在他家乡的事件。另外incident还可指政治上的事件或事变。例如:
July 7th Incident七七事变
4. ache , pain
ache 一般指局部和持续的疼痛,常与表示身体部位的名词构成复合词;pain指肉体或心灵上的痛苦。如:
He often has toothache . 他常牙痛。
His behaviour caused his parents a great deal of pain .
他的行为给他父母带来极大的痛苦。
5. across , through
across和through作为介词都有“穿过”的意思,但across表示动作是在某物体的表面进行,而through表示动作是在某物体的空间里进行。例如:
They walked through the forest . 他们穿过森林。
They swam across the Yellow River . 他们游过了黄河。
6. after , in
after和in都可表示“以后”的意思。但用法有所不同。after以过去为起点,表达过去一段时间以后,常用于过去时态的句子;in以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子。例如:
I received the letter after two days . 我是两天以后收到这封信的。
You will receive the letter in three days . 你三天以后将收到这封信。
另外在某一个特定时刻以后,也用after表示如:I’ll be free after four o'clock .
我在四点以后有空。He will arrive after four o’clock . 他在四点钟后到达。(比较:He will arrive in four hours.他在四小时后到达。)
7. ago , before
ago和before的区别是:ago立足于现在,表示从现在起,若干时间之前;before立足过去,表示从过去某一时刻起,若干时间以前。ago 通常与一般过去时连用,不能与完成时连用;before通常与过去完成时连用。例如:
I met him three years ago .(距今)三年前,我遇到他。
I had met him three years before .(距当时)三年前我见到他一次。
8. all , whole
all和whole作为形容词,都有“整个的”,“完全的”的意思,但whole与复数名词连用时是“整个的”;all与复数名词连用时表示“所有的”例如:
All the students are present . 所有的学生都来了。
It snowed for two whole days . 雪下了整整两天。
9. alone , lone , lonely
作为形容词用alone , lone都有“孤独的”,“单独的”意思。但alone是表语形容词,只能作表语用。lonely除了有“孤独的”意思外,还有“寂寞的”意思。另外说明特点时还有“人迹稀少的”,“荒凉的”意思。例如:
Though I am alone , I am not lonely . 虽然我孤独一人,但我并不感到寂寞。
He was taken to a lonely house . 他被带到一个荒无人烟的房子内。
He is a lone man.他是一个孤独的人。
10. allow , permit , let
allow , permit , let三者都有“许可”的意思。allow和permit都有“许可”的意思,但permit更为正式一些,而allow 有“允许”的意味。let and allow 都可用于客气的请求,但let较口语化,allow较为正式。如:
He is allowed to watch TV once a week . 每周只允许他看一次电视。
Smoking is not allowed(or permitted)here . 这儿不许吸烟。
Please let me(allow me to)introduce myself . 请让我向你自我介绍一下。
11. almost , nearly
这两个词都有“几乎”,“差不多”的意思。但也有区别。almost强调差一点,缺一点;nearly通常用来表示接近的意味。如:
They had almost finished when they were interrupted .
他们差不多都完成了,这时候有人来打扰他们。
They were nearly at the end of their journey . 他们就快到达目的地了。
另外具体数字前常用nearly;“more than”,“too”之前,应用almost,不用nearly。如:
The mother is nearly twice as old as her son . 母亲的岁数差不多比她的儿子大一倍。
12. aloud , loud
二者作为副词,都有“大声地”、“响亮”的意思,有时可以通用。但aloud与read,
think连用时,表示“出声”,而loud用于talk,speak,shout,laugh等动词之后,在口语中代替loudly。例如:
Please read the text aloud . 请朗读这篇课文。
Don’t talk so loud-you’ll wake my mother . 谈话不要这么大声——你会吵醒我母亲的。
13. also , either , too , as well
这些词都有“也”的意思。但用法是有区别的。also用于肯定句,either用于否定句,并放在句尾;too和as well 用于肯定句,放在句尾,多用于口语。例如:
You study English and I also study it . 你学英语,我也学。
You don’t study English and I don't study it either . 你不学英语,我也不学。
You are a student and I am a student , too . 你是学生,我也是。
You know the way and I know it as well . 你知道路,我也知道。
14. among , between
二者都有“在……之间”的意思。between表示“两者”之间,among表示“三者或三者以上之间。”例如:
He is the most energetic boy among them . 他是他们中间精力最饱满的孩子。
Do you know the difference between the two words 你知道这两个词有什么不同吗?
在当代英语中,between有时也可用于三个以上的事物,特别是这些事物有清楚、确切
的位置时。如:
Switzerland lies between France , Germany , Austria and Italy .
瑞士位于法国、德国、奥地利和意大利之间。
15. any , some
二者都可作“一些”讲。any只用于否定句和疑问句,some一般用于肯定句,但可用于表示请求,建议、反问等的疑问句中。例如:
Have you any ink 你有墨水吗?
We have to learn some English . 我们得学点英语。
Will you lend me some English books 你肯借给我几本英语书吗?
16. around , round
二者作为介词和副词都有“在周围”的意。其区别在于around多用美国,round多用于英语。例如:
The earth goes round (或around)the sun . 地球绕太阳运行。
17. arrive , reach , get to
三者都有“到达”之意。reach为及物动词,arrive为不及物动词,后面接介词in或at。get to常用于口语,可代替前二者。例如:
The foreign visitors have arrived in Beijing . 外宾已到达北京。
She arrived at her hometown yesterday . 昨天她到达了她的家乡。
They reached Tianjin yesterday . 昨天他们到达天津。
18. as , since , because , for
作为连词,它们都有“因为”的意思。但because语气最强,as和since其次,for是并列连词,常用来说明理由或提供一种解释。例如:
Because I am too busy , I can’t do it now . 因为我太忙,所以我现在不能做此事。
As he did not know the way , he went to ask an old man .
因为不认识路,他去问一位老人。
Since his method doesn’t work , let’s try yours . 既然他的方法不行,我们就试试你的吧。
It will rain , for it’s getting dark . 要下雨了,因为天色都暗了。
19. as , when , while
作为连词,都有“当……的时候”,其区别在于用when时,从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时,也同先于主句的动作,用as时,主句和从句的动作同时发生,有时可译作“一边……,一边”,用while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程,主句和从句的动作同时发生。例如:
When the teacher came in , the students stood up . 当老师进来时,学生们起立。
As the children walked along the lake , they sang merrily .
他们一边沿着湖走,一边愉快地唱歌。
Don’t talk while you are eating . 吃饭时你不要说话。
20. be asleep , go to sleep
二者都表示“睡着”,但前者表示“睡着”的状态,后者表示“入睡”的过程。例如:
While I was watching TV , he was asleep . 我在看电视的时候,他睡着了。
I didn’t know when I went to sleep . 我不知道我什么时候入睡的。
21. at , on , in
三者都可以表示“在……的时候”区别在于:表示在哪个时刻用at;表示在哪一天,哪一天的早上(下午、晚上),用on;表示在哪一年(季、月)。在上午,下午等,用in。例如:
I get up at six o’clock in the morning . 我早晨六点起床。
on Wednesday , on Sunday morning , on May I , on a cold morning in 1936 , in autumn , in September , in the morning , in the afternoon
22. battle , fight , struggle
它们作为名词,都有“战斗”的意思。battle和fight在“战斗”这个意义上,有时可以通用。例如:
The battle(fight)lasted a long time . 这次战斗持续了很长时间。还常指战争中的一次战役。例如:the Battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役
fight的意义比较广泛。例如:
We have started a fight against pollution . 我们已开始了一场清除污染的斗争。
struggle有“斗争”,“奋斗”的意思。例如:
class struggle阶级斗争,struggle for independence为独立而斗争,struggle with a person跟某人作斗争。
23. beautiful , pretty , handsome
三者都有“美”的意思。但含义及所形容的对象不同。beautiful一般用于女性,也可用于物。pretty常用于形容小孩或青年女子,形容物时,有“小巧玲珑”之意。handsome一般用来形容男性,也可形容女性,表示“五官端正”或“有男子气概”。例如:
Some girls are pretty , but only a few are beautiful .
有些女孩子是漂亮的,但只有少数是美丽的。
He is a handsome young man . 你是个英俊的年轻人。
The woman is handsome , but not beautiful . 那位女子五官端正,但并不美丽。
24. because , because of
二者都有“因为”的意思。because是连词,引导状语从句,because of是短语介词,后面接名词性词语。例如:
We stayed at home because it rained . 因为下雨,我们呆在家。
We stayed at home because of the rain . 因为下雨,我们呆在家。
25. begin , start
二者都有“开始”的意思,一般可以通用,但start较为口语化。例如:
It has begun(started)raining . 已经开始下雨了。
start还可表示“动身”、“开动”等意思,而begin则不能这样用。例如:
They start for Beijing tomorrow . 他们明天动身去北京。
26. below , under
二者作为介词,都有“在……下”的意思,有时可以通用,有时又有差别。below所指范围较广,不一定在某物的正下方,其反意词是above,under所指范围较窄,往往表示在某物的正下方,其反意词是over。例如:
From the top of the mountain , we could see the whole village below us .
从山顶上我们可以看见下面乡村的全貌。
There is a cat under the table . 桌子底下有只猫。
27. besides , except , except for , but
它们作为介词,都有“除……之外”的意思,但用法有些不同。besides的意思是“除……之外,还有……”,是肯定的;而except(but)的意思是“除……之外,没有……”是否定的;except for的用法是在说明基本情况后,而在细节上加以纠正。例如:
I have three other pens besides this . 除了这支笔外,我还有另外三支笔。
Everybody is here except(but)Mary . 除了Mary之外,大家都来了。
Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes .
除了有几个拼写错误之外,你的作文很好。
28. big , large , great
三者都有“大”的意思,big和large通常指具有事物的大小,如容积、重量、数量、形体等,二者常通用。great带有感彩,有“巨大的”、“伟大的”意思。例如:
a big building 庞大壮观的建筑物
a large building 能容纳很多人、物的建筑物
a great building 巍然宽广的建筑物
a big man 肥胖的人 a large man 高大的人 a great man 伟大的人
29. borrow , lend
二者都有“借”的意思。borrow是“借入”,lend是“借出”。例如:
Can I borrow your pen 我可以借你的钢笔吗?
Lend me your pen , will you 把钢笔借给我用用,可以吗?
30. bright , clever , wise
三者都有“聪明”的意思,bright指聪明、机警,常用来形容年轻人或小孩,与dull(迟钝的)的意思相反。clever指聪明、机灵,心灵手巧,与stupid(愚笨的),dull(迟钝的)的意思相反。wise指有智慧、与foolish(愚蠢的)的意思正相反。例如:
The boy is very bright . 这个孩子很聪明。
He is clever at mathematics . 他精于数学。
He is a wise , honest man . 他是个聪明,诚实的人。
31. bring , take , fetch , get , carry
这几个动词都有“携带”、“运送”的意思。但它们表示的动作方向不同。
bring是“带来”。例如:
Don’t forget to bring a dictionary with you . 别忘了把辞典带来。
take是“带去”。例如:
Please take the small blackboard to the classroom 请把这块小黑板带到教室去。
fetch是“去取”,“去拿来”。例如:
Please fetch me some chalk .
32. cause , reason
二者作为名词,都有“原因”的意思。cause指客观存在的原因。是可数名词,后接介词of。例如:
What were the causes of World War II 第二次世界大战的起因是什么?
reason指推理上的理由。例如:Give me your reason for doing it .
说说你做这件事的理由吧。
33. choose , pick
二者都有“选择”的意思。choose应用范围广,不强调“精选”;pick有仔细挑选的意思。例如:
Please choose a book from among these . 请在这些书中挑选一本。
Pick the best one . 挑最好的吧。
34. close , shut
二者都有“关闭”的意思。close仅指把开着的门关上,shut指把门关上后,把门闩住。例如:
He closed the door behind him . 他随手把门关上。
He shut the door behind him . 他把门关上。
35. clothes , clothing , dress
三者都有“衣服”的意思。clothes 统指身上穿的衣服,包括上衣,裤子,内衣等。clothing是服装的总称,除衣裤外,还包括帽子、鞋袜等。clothes是复数名词,不能与数词连用;clothing是物质名词,没有复数。dress指穿在外面的衣服,尤指在社交场合穿的衣服。做可数名词时,通常指妇女、儿童的服装。例如:
Most of my clothes were made by myself . 我的大部分衣服是我自己做的。
This shop sells women’s clothing . 这家商店出售妇女服装。
What does the evening dress cost 这件晚礼服值多少钱?
36. continue , go on
二者都有“继续”的意思。continue是书面语,go on较口语化。continue作为及物动词,它的宾语可以是名词、动词不定式或动名词。go on后面不能直接跟名词,必须借助介词with,还用于go on doing sth . 名型。例如:
continue to work 不停地工作 continue working 不停地工作
continue story 继续讲故事 go on with your work 继续干你的工作
go on working 继续工作
37. date , day
date指“日期”,day指“星期几”,指二十四小时的一整天;也单指白天;也指重要的日子。例如:
What’s the date today 今天几号? What day is today 今天星期几?
There are seven days in a week . 一周有七天。 National Day 国庆节
38. dead , die 二者都有“死”的意思。但用法则不相同。dead是形容词,强调状态;die是动词,强调动作,而且是一时的动作。例如:
He has been dead for five years . 他已经死了五年了。
He died at the age of seventy . 他是七十岁时死的。
39. a good(great)deal of , a lot of
这两个短语都有“大量”、“许多”的意思。但前者只用于不可数名词,后者既用于可数名词,也用于不可数名词。例如:
a good(great)deal of money大量的钱 a good(great)deal of trouble许多麻烦
a lot of work 大量的工作 a lot of workers许多工人
40. decide , make up one’s mind , settle
三者都有“决定”的意思。但含义及用法有所不同。decide指经过考虑或商议后作出决定。如:He has decided to go to college . 他决定上大学。make up one’s mind指“打定主意”如:I have made up my mind to be a teacher . 我决心当教师。 settle表示澄清了事实,解除了疑问之后的最后决定。如:
We have settled the trip to Beijing , but we haven’t settled how to get there .
我们已决定去北京,但还没有决定怎么去法。
41. divide , separate 二者都有“分”的意思。但用法不同。divide指把整体分为若干部分。separate指把原来联合在一起的或靠近的人或物分离开来。如:
The apple was divided into two . 苹果被分为两半。
A narrow strait separates North America from Asia . 一条很狭的海峡把北美洲与亚洲分开了。
42. dress , have sth. on , wear , put on
它们都有“穿”、“戴”的意思。但用法不同。have sth. on和wear表示穿戴的状态。put on表示穿戴的动作。dress既表动作也表状态。例如:
She likes to wear the light green dress . 她喜欢穿浅绿色的衣服。
He had a straw hat on . 他戴了一顶草帽。
You’d better put on your overcoat before going out . 出门之前你最好穿上大衣。
The mother is dressing her baby . 母亲正给她的婴儿穿衣服。
She dressed very well . 她穿着很好。
43. drill , exercise , practice
它们作为名词,都有“练习”的意思。但含义有所不同。drill指课堂上或军队中系统的、严格的训练;exercise指为提高业务水平或技能的必要的练习;practice指为达到熟练,反复地去做某事。例如:
Now , let’s do pattern drills . 现在让我们做句型练习。
The soldiers were at drill in the playground . 士兵们在操场上操练。
To improve our English , we do exercises every day .为了提高英语水平,我们每天做练习。
Practice makes perfect . 熟能生巧。
44. drop , fall
二者都有“落下”的意思。作为不及物动词,都可表示人或物从高处掉到低处。但fall可以表示在战斗中死去或受重伤;drop则表示由于疲劳而倒下。例如:
Rain drops (falls) from the cloud . 云层中落下雨滴。
The baby dropped(fell)to the ground . 婴儿掉在地上了。
The soldiers fell in the battle . 这些战士在那次战役中牺牲了。
I will work till I drop . 我将工作到死,鞠躬尽瘁.
45. each , every
二者都有“每个”的意思。但着重点不同。each着重个别的情况,every着重于全体,有“所有”的意思。例如:
I know each teacher of the school . 我认识这个学校的每一位教师。
I know every teacher of the school . 我认识这个学校的所有的教师。
each可作形容词,也可作代词。作代词时,可用作主语和宾语。作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。而every只作形容词。只有与各词连用或构成复合词时,才能作主语或宾语。例如:
Each of us has an English dictionary . 我们每个人都有一本英语词典。
Everyone has an English dictionary .
46. elder , old
二者都可以表示“年纪较大”的意思。elder只用于比较两个人的长幼,尤其是用于表示兄弟姐妹的关系上。不能与than连用构成比较级。older可用于比较两者之间的年龄,可与than连用,构成比较级。例如:
He is my elder brother . 他是我哥哥。
He is two years older than I . 他比我大两岁。
47. enjoy , like , be fond of , love
它们都有“喜爱”,“喜欢”的意思。但用法有所不同。enjoy与like可以通用,后面跟动名词。
I enjoy(like)skating . 我喜欢滑冰。
be fond of 喜爱的程度一般比like强。
I’m very fond of music . 我很喜欢音乐。
love是“热爱”的意思。
We love our motherland . 我们热爱祖国。
48. family , home , house
三者都有“家”的意思。但所指不同。family指家庭成员,特别指父母及其子女,有时仅指子女。例如:
There are seven people in his family . 他家有七口人。
home指某人出生及日常生活的那种环境,不涉及家庭成员。例如:
My home is in Beijing . 我的家在北京。
house一般指居住的建筑物。
Their houses were built of bamboo . 他们的房子是竹子造的。
49. fast , quick , rapid
三者都有“快速”的意思。但含义有所不同。fast通常指动作迅速。如:a fast car 。quick有即刻行动,毫不迟疑的意味。如:a quick answer迅速的回答。rapid常指急流等的速度。如:a rapid current急流,rapid progress很快的进步。
50. few , a few , little , a little
它们都有“少数”,“一些”的意思。但用法不同。few和little的意思是否定的。表示“很少”或“几乎没有”,而a few和a little是肯定的,表示“一些”“有一点”。few和a few用于可数名词,little和a little用于不可数名词。例如:
I have few friends . 我几乎没有什么朋友。
I have a few friends . 我有几个朋友。
There is little water in the cup . 杯子里几乎没有水了。
There is a little water in the cup . 杯子里还有点水。
51. finally , at last , in the end
它们都有“最后”、“终于”的含义。但用法不同。finally用于动词之前,表示人们长期以来期待的某事最后实现了。at last也有此义,但期待的感情更强烈一些。in the end表示经过许多变化或周折,最后发生了某事。例如:
He tried many times and finally succeeded . 他试验了多次,最后成功了。
At last he has understood it . 最后他终于明白了这个。
We made several different plans for our holiday , but in the end we had a summer camp again . 我们制定了好几种不同的度假方案,但最后我们还是选定了再来一次夏令营活动。
52. find , look for
二者都有“寻找”的意思。find是look for的结果,而look for是find之前的寻找过程。例如:
What are you looking for 你在找什么?
Have you / found your pen 你找到你的钢笔了吗?
53. go on doing sth , go on to do sth.
这两个短语的含义有所不同。go on doing sth. 是继续做原来做的事。go on to do sth . 是前一件事完成后,接着做另一件事。例如:
After a short rest , he went on writing the novel . 休息一会儿之后,他继续写小说。
After he finished reading Lesson Two , he went on to read Lesson Three .
他读完第二课后,接着读第三课。
54. happen , take place
二者都有“发生”的意思。但用法有所不同。happen指事情的发生,往往带有“偶然”的意思。take place指事先安排或策划好而后发生,没有“偶然”的意思。例如:
It happens that I am free today . 恰好今天我没有事。
The December 9 th . Movement took place in 1936 . “十二·九”运动发生在一九三六年。
55. high , tall
二者都有“高”的意思。但high多指从地面算起到物体顶部的距离。tall多指物体本身由底部到顶部的高度。多用于表示人、树木、建筑物的高度。例如:
The mountain is 2500 metres high . 这山高二千五百米。
Tom is a very tall man . 汤姆个子很高。
56. hope , wish
二者作为动词,都可以表示“祝愿”,但使用的句型不同。例如:
I hope it will be fine tomorrow . 我希望明天是好天气。
I wish it would be fine tomorrow . 但愿明天是好天气。
hope所表示的愿望一般可以实现,wish所表示的愿望实现的可能性不大,例如:
I hope that you will success . 祝你成功。
I wish you succeed . 祝你成功。
57. ill , sick
二者作为形容词,都有“有病”的意思。作表语时,英国习惯用ill,美国习惯用sick。例如:
He is ill .(英)他生病了。
He is sick .(美)他生病了。
sick可作定语。ill则不能。例如:
The sick man should be sent to the hospital at once . 这病人应立即送医院。
但可以说the sick(病人);不能说:the ill 。
58. job , work , labour , task
它们作为名词,都有“工作”的意思。job和work可以通用。例如:
My job(work)is as teacher . 我的职务是教师。
job是可数名词,work是不可数名词,因此有时job和work又不能通用。例如:
I heard you changed jobs . 我听说你已换了很多工作。(这里job不能用work代替)
I go to work at half past seven . 我七点半去工作。(这里work不能用job代替)
labour一般指体力劳动;work泛指体力劳动或脑力劳动。例如:
We should often take part in physical labour .我们应该经常参加体力劳动。
task多指困难的令人疲倦的工作。
It is a difficult task . 这是一件困难的工作。
59. join , take part in
二者都有“参加”的意思,但用法有所不同。join多指参加某组织,成为其中的一个成员。而take part in指参加活动。例如:
He joined the League in 1985 . 他在1985年入团。
The old man took part in the Long March . 这位老人参加过长征。
60. laugh , smile
二者都有“笑”的意思,但含义和用法有所不同。laugh是出声的笑,而smile是不出声的微笑。例如:
He laughed a hearty laugh . 他大声欢笑。
On hearing this , he smiled . 一听这,他微笑了。
laugh at 有“因…而笑”和“嘲笑”的意思。例如:
We all laughed at the joke . 我们听了这笑话都笑了。
I am not afraid of being laughed at . 我不怕别人嘲笑。
61. learn , study
二者作为动词,都有“学习”的意思。但含义有所不同。learn指通过学习获得知识和技能。study指系统地学习、研究。例如:
I’m learning to play the piano . 我正在学弹钢琴。
He is studying English . 他在学英语。
62. lift , raise , rise
三者都有“举起或升起”的意思,但它们的含义和使用情况有所不同。lift是指用体力或机械力把某物从地面举到一定的高度。例如:
The box is too heavy for me to lift . 这个箱子太重,我举不起来。
raise强调抬高动作的姿势。例如:raise one’s hand举手,raise flag升旗,raise prices提高价格。rise是不及物动词,有“升起”,“站起来”的意思。
The sun rises red . 太阳升起红彤彤。
63. look , see , watch
三者都有“看”的意思,但含义有所不同。look是看的过程,see是看的结果。例如:
I looked , but saw nothing . 我看了,但什么也没看见。
watch是看移动的事物或定晴地看。例如:watch a basketball match看篮球比赛。watch TV看电视。但see a film看电影;see a play看戏(话剧)。
64. lose , miss
二者都有“遗失”的意思,但含义和用法有所不同。lose有失去不再拥有的意思,而miss的含义是发现(发觉)遗失。试比较:
When did you lose your pen 你什么时候丢了钢笔的?
When did you miss your pen 你什么时候发现你的钢笔不见了的?
lose用于迷路。例如:
The child lost his way . 这个孩子迷路了。
miss用于误车,或错过(机会);还有“遗漏”的含义。例如:miss the train没赶上火车。miss an opportunity错过机会。miss the film错过看这部电影的机会。
65. problem , question
二者都有“问题”的意思,但用法略有不同。problem通常指等待解决或决定的问题,尤指比较困难的问题。例如:
It is a problem how to make both ends meet . 如何使收支平衡,那是个问题。
I can’t work out this maths problem . 我做不出这道数学难题。
question通常指因对某事疑惑不解,而提出问题。例如:
This question is too difficult to answer . 这个问题太难,不能回答。
66. rather , fairly
二者都有“相当”的意思,但用法有所不同。fairly用于表示愉快或满意的场合。试比较:
It is fairly warm today . 今天相当暖和。(暖和的程度令人满意)
It is rather cold this morning . 今晨相当冷。(令人不满意)
rather可以与too连用,而fairly不能接too。例如:
The book is rather too easy . 这本书过于容易。
67. rob , steal
rob一般指公开用于暴力抢劫他人的财物。常用于rob sb . of sth . 这个句式。例如:
He robbed me of my gold watch . 他抢了我的金表。
The robbers robbed the bank of 100,000 pounds . 强盗们抢了银行十万英镑。
steal指暗中窃取。例如:
He stole my purse . 他偷了我的钱包。
He used to steal money from his father’s desk drawer .
他过去常从他父亲办公桌的抽屉里偷钱。
68. say , tell
二者都有“说”、“讲”的意思,但用法有所不同。say指用语言表达自己的思想,着重所说的内容。它的宾语只能是“话(语言)”,不是“人”。例如:
How do you say this in English ? 这个用英语怎么说?
He said to me , “ you are standing on my toe .” 他对我说:“你踩了我的脚趾。”
tell是告诉某人一件事。用于tell sb . sth这个句式,可以带两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物。例如:
Please tell me something about yourself . 请和我讲讲你自己的情况。
69. seat , sit
二者作为动词,都可以表示“就座”的意思。seat是及物动词,常以被动形式表示主动意义,而sit通常作不及物动词用。例如:
Please be seated . 请坐。
Sit down , please . 请坐。
He is seated between you and me . 他坐在你我之间。
They are sitting at their desks . 他们正坐在课桌旁。
70. speak , talk
speak的意思是“说话”,着重说的动作,是不及物动词;也做“演说”解,此外可作及物动词用,接语言等词。例如:
Do you speak English 你说英语吗?
打电话时,习惯用speak;不用talk,例如:
Can I speak to Mary , please 请找玛丽说话好吗?
talk的意思是“谈话”。通过谈话交换意见,思想等,是不及物动词。例如:
He was talking to a friend . 当时他在和一个朋友谈话。
What are they talking about ? 他们在谈论什么?
但有时也没有很严格的区别。例如:
I’ll have to speak(talk)to that student because he’s getting lazy .
我得找这个学生谈谈了,因为他变懒了。
71. worth , worthy
二者都是形容词,都有“值得”、“有价值”的意思,但用法不同。worth作表语后跟动名词或名词。例如:
The novel is worth reading . 这部小说值得一读。
It is well worth notice . 这很值得注意。
worthy通常用作表语,后接短语或不定式。例如:
The film is worthy of being seen . 这部电影值得一看。
The film is worthy to be seen . 这部电影值得一看。
She is worthy of praise . 她值得称赞。
worth和worthy都可用作定语。但worth只能放在所修饰的名词之后,worthy可放在名词之前或之后。例如:
He gave her a necklace worth 1000 yuan . 他给了她一条价值一千元的项链。
He is a worthy League member . 他是位名符其实的团员。
They are all scientists worthy of the name . 他们都是名符其实的科学家。
They are the Chinese worthy of the name . 他们是名不虚传的中国人。
【综合练习一】
1. home , family
(1)Her is near our school .
(2)He is from a worker’s .
2. in front of , in the front of
(1)There is a big tree the house .
(2)There is a teacher’s desk the classroom .
3. some , any
(1)There aren’t books on the desk .
(2)— Will you give me chalk
— All right .
4. and , or
(1)I have a brother a sister .
(2)The clock has no feet legs .
5. ones , one’s one
(1)Lucy has a blue pencil and Lily has a red .
(2)Those shoes are smaller . I want larger .
(3) must do duty .
6. all , both
(1)Her parents are teachers .
(2)Twenty boys came at eight o’clock .
7. another , the other
(1)He has two sisters , One is a teacher , is a nurse .
(2)Where are students
(3)Please give me orange .
8. the others , others
(1)Lei Feng was always ready to help .
(2)Some are carrying water , are watering the trees .
(3)Forty students in our class are boys , are girls .
9. Listen to , hear
(1)We are him .
(2)I’m glad to the news .
10. look at , see
(1)I didn’t any boats on the river .
(2)What are they
11. go to bed , go to sleep
(1)It’s time to .
(2)He was tired . He as soon as he sat down .
12. borrow , lend
(1)I a book from the library yesterday .
(2)You mustn’t it to others .
13. look for , find
(1)I him at home at last .
(2)I’m him now . Do you see him
14. take , bring
(1)May I this book home
(2)Remember to the box here tomorrow .
15. everyone , every one
(1) of the books is very useful .
(2) likes sports .
16. what , how
(1) a nice watch it is !
(2) hard she works !
(3) she missed her daughter !
17. each , every
(1) student must work hard at his lessons .
(2) has his own name .
18. too , either
(1)You don’t know the way . I don’t know , .
(2)Lily often helps him . I , , will help him .
19. either , any
(1)You may take of the two books .
(2)Here are three balls . You can take of them .
20. neither … nor , either … or
(1)_____ Tuesday _____ Wednesday is OK . I’ll be free on these days .
(2)_____ he _____ I know his address because he moved just a week ago .
21. sometimes , sometime , some time
(1)They visited our school _____ last year .
(2)It took me _____ to do the work .
(3)_____ I watch TV in the evening .
22. in time , on time
(1)I was just _____ for the last bus .
(2)The train came in _____ .
23. quite , quiet
(1)Please keep the children _____ .
(2)I’m _____ busy now .
24. arrive , reach
(1)She _____ here late last night .
(2)The train _____ London at 8:30 p.m , last week .
25. on , to , in
(1)Shanghai is _____ the east of China .
(2)Japan is _____ the east of China .
(3)Hebei is _____ the north of Henan .
26. few , a few , quite a few
(1)The problem is very difficult , _____ students understand it .
(2)I got a letter from my friend _____ days ago .
(3)I have made _____ friends .
27. past , passed
(1)He _____ us just now .
(2)It’s ten ten now .
(3)His car drove our school .
28. have gone to , have been to
(1)— Where is he — He _____ Beijing .
(2)I _____ the Great Wall twice .
29. between , among
(1)He was sitting _____ Tom and Mike .
(2)He was sitting _____ the classmates .
30. in , after
(1)He will be back _____ a month .
(2)He came back _____ a month .
(3)He will come back _____ three o’clock .
31. hear of , hear from
(1)I haven’t _____ him for weeks .
(2)I never _____ such a thing .
32. such , so
(1)He writes _____ well .
(2)Don’t be in _____ a hurry .
(3)He game me _____ beautiful a flower .
33. at the end of , by the end of
(1)We had exam _____ May .
(2)We had learned 1,000 words _____ of last term .
34. spend , take
(1)Our teacher _____ a lot of money on books .
(2)It _____ me two yuan to buy the new book .
35. be made of , be made from
(1)The desk _____ wood .
(2)This kind of paper _____ word .
36. put on , wear
(1)He _____ a coat and went out .
(2)She is _____ a red jacket today .
37. find , find out
(1)Where did you _____ the pen
(2)I want to _____ who did it .
38. by the way , on the way
(1)_____ , where is Jim
(2)I met him _____ to school .
39. in , with
(1)The letter was written _____ English .
(2)Please write your name here _____ a pen .
(3)Please speak _____ a loud voice .
40. lonely , alone
(1)The old woman lives a _____ life .
(2)He doesn’t feel _____ when he is left _____ .
(3)I can do the work _____ .
41. found , founded
(1)The PRC was _____ on October 1 , 1949 .
(2)My lost bike was _____ yesterday .
42. spend , pay , take , cost
(1)The red blouse _____ the girl forty pounds .
(2)Mrs Brown _____ a lot of money on clothes .
(3)How much did you _____ for the colour TV set
(4)It _____ her twenty minutes to work out the maths problem .
(5)She _____ half an hour in doing her homework .


【参考答案】
1. home ; family 2. in front ; in the front of 3. any ; some 4. and ; or
5. one ; ones ; one’s 6. both ; all 7. the other ; other ; another
8. others ; others ; the others 9. listening ; hear 10. see ; looking at
11. go to bed ; went to sleep 12. borrowed ; lend 13. found ; looking for
14. take ; bring 15. Every one ; Everyone 16. What ; How ; How
17. Every ; Each 18. either ; too 19. either ; any 20. Either…or ; Neither…nor 21. sometime ; some time ; sometimes 22. in time ; on time 23. quiet ; quite
24. arrived ; reached 25. in ; to ; on 26. few ; a few ; quite a few 27. passed ; past 28. has gone to ; have been to 29. between ; among 30. in ; after ; after
31. heard from ; heard of 32. so ; such ; so 33. at the end of ; by the end of 34. spent ; took 35. is made of ; is made from 36. put on ; wearing 37. find ; find out
38. By the way 39. on the way 40. lonely ; lonely ; alone 41. founded ; found
42. cost ; spent ; pay ; took ; spent

【综合练习二】
选择正确的词语填空
1. interest ; interesting ; interested
(1)The book is very _____ .
(2)He became very _____ in science .
(3)He shows a great _____ in this subject .
(4)What are your _____ in life
2. once ; as soon as
(1)_____ a beginning is made , the work is half done .
(2)_____ I get an answer from him , I’ll ring your up .
3. over ; across ; through
(1)We walked _____ the forest .
(2)I can’t jump _____ the fence(篱笆).
(3)She swam _____ the river .
4. else ; other
(1)Are there any _____ questions
(2)Is there anything _____
(3)The story is more interesting than the _____ one .
5. at last ; finally ; in the end
(1)I hope that everything will turn out all right _____ .
(2)We walked to the bus stop , then we took a bus and got to the station , and _____ , we got on the train .
(3)When _____ they got into the town , they found nobody in .
(4)The students made many suggestions but _____ they had to follow the teachers .
6. alive ; living ; lively
(1)His father is still _____ .
(2)His class is very interesting and _____ .
(3)Who’s the greatest man _____
7. in(at)the front of ; in front ; in front of
(1)The driver is sitting _____ the bus .
(2)The grandmother walked slowly , and the children ran _____ .
(3)There are some apple trees _____ the house .
8. be used by ; be used for ; be used as
(1)English _____ a very useful working language .
(2)Knives can _____ cutting things .
(3)English _____business people all over the world .
9. the number of ; a number of
(1)_____ the pages in his book is two hundred .
(2)_____ students in our school are from cities .
10. too ; also ; either ; as well
(1)If you do not go , I shall not , _____ .
(2)He gave me advice , and money _____ .
(3)The children _____ went swimming .
(4)There was frost(霜)last night , and tomorrow , _____ !
11. try to do ; try doing
(1)He _____(climb)the tall tree , but he could not .
(2)The tree is very tall . He is _____(climb)it .
12. how many ; how much ; how long ; how often ; how soon ; how many times
(1)_____ have you been to Beijing Only once .
(2)_____ do you see your grandfather Once a week .
(3)_____ students are there in your school About two thousand .
(4)_____ will he be back In two weeks .
(5)_____ have you worked here For twenty years .
(6)_____ is it It’s fifty yuan .
13. little ; a little ; few ; a few
(1)We have _____ milk for the baby . Please go and buy some .
(2)Sorry , I can’t answer your question . I know _____ about the news .
(3)Li Lei has _____ friends , but he has _____ good friends .
(4)— Have you any friends here — Yes , I have _____ .
(5)The foreigner only knew _____ Chinese .
(6)A lot of us have tried , but _____ have pass the exam .
(7)— How far is it — Only _____ kilometres .
(8)Quite _____ people came here to see the strange animal though it was raining hard .
14. above , over
(1)Eagles fly _____ the white clouds .
(2)Don’t knock the vase _____ .
(3)Turn the table-cloth _____ .
(4)We heard a plane flying _____ .
15. no ; none ; no one
(1)There is _____ clouds in the sky .
(2)_____ other man could do the work .
(3)_____ told us about that .
(4)It’s _____ of your business !
16. besides ; except ; except for ; but
(1)We all went there _____ Tom .
(2)_____ teaching , he is in charge of school’s Youth League work .
(3)Your composition is good _____ some spelling mistakes .
(4)Last night I did nothing _____ watch TV .
17. lift ; raise ; rise
(1)Look ! The men _____ the heavy box onto the truck .
(2)Please _____ your hand .
(3)Prices _____ up already .
(4)The sun _____ in the east .
18. make from ; make of ; make into ; make up of ; make with
(1)Nylon is _____ air , coal and water .
(2)Bamboo can be _____ good walking sticks and fishing peoples .
(3)The medical team is _____ ten doctors .
(4)This cake is _____ six eggs .


【参考答案】
1. interesting ; interested ; interest ; interests 2. Once ; As soon as
3. through ; over ; across 4. other ; else ; other 5. in the end ; finally ; at last ; in the end 6. living ; lively ; alive 7. in(at)the front of ; in front ; in front of
8. is used as ; be used for ; is used by 9. The number of ; A number of
10. either ; as well ; also ; too 11. tried to climb ; trying climbing
12. How many times ; How often ; How many ; How soon ; How long ; How much
13. little ; little ; a few ; few ; a few ; a little ; few ; a few ; a few
14. above ; over ; over ; above 15. no ; No ; No one ; none
16. except ; Besides ; except for ; but 17. are lifting ; raise ; have been risen ; rises
18. made from ; made into ; made up of ; made of
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