课件2张PPT。Unit23 A famous person词组：be interested in, in the future, spend…
..(in) doing sth, in the end, work out,
play jokes on
交际用语：I’m sure that…
Are you sure that…?
I’m not sure that…冠词用法分类：定冠词（the)
不定冠词（a,an)
例(1): a road a unit
an hour an uncle
例(2): Look at the sun.
the poor the Greens
on the left by the way 课件24张PPT。 动词（verbs)从含义上分，动词可以分为四类：实义动词，连系动词，情态动词和助动词
1实义动词（行为动词),有完全的词义，并能独立做谓语。eg. run walk jump cry borrow buy hit …
Peter often walks to school.
2 连系动词：连系动词在句中与表语一起构成谓语。 be(是） seem(似乎）look(看起来） feel（感觉） become （变成） keep（保持） sound （听起来） taste（尝起来）
Mary looks beautiful today.
动词（verbs)3情态动词：主要用来表示能力、义务、必要
猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词+动词原型。Can may must need should
The baby can speak now.
4 助动词：帮助形成各种时态，语态和语气等动词以及构成否定和疑问结构。shall will have be do would should
He will go to Beijing next month.动词的四种基本形式动词的时态（常用的八种） Ⅰ一般现在时
1 基本用法：表示包括现在在内的一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状况。还可以表示客观事实和普遍真理。经常和every day usually always sometimes once a week
The sun rises in the east.
2 构成： be (am主语是I is单数are复数)
行为动词一律用原型（主语是单数
第三人称时动词加s或es助动词用doThe simple present tense1 be
I am a student.
You are a student,too.
They are not students.
Is Peter a boy?
Are you a teacher?2 行为动词 do,go,run,cry.laugh
I often do my homework in the afternoon.
I often don’t do my homework on Sunday.
Do you often do your homework on Sunday?
What do you often do on Sunday?
单数第三人称 does, goes,runs,cries,laughs…
He usually does his homework on Sunday.
He usually doesn’t do his homework on Sunday.
Does he us usually do his homework on Sunday?
What does he usually do on Sunday? The simple past tense Ⅱ一般过去时态
1基本用法：表示过去时间内发生的动作或者存在的状态;还可以表示过去时间经常发生或者习惯性的动作。常和过去时间状语连用。eg. Yesterday,last week…
2 构成： be (was;were)
行为动词用过去式
助动词用did
be (was ;were)
I was a student last year.
You were a student last year,too.
They were not students last year.
Was Peter a student last year?
Were you a teacher last year?
2 行为动词 do,go,run,cry.laugh
did went ran cried laughed
I did my homework yesterday
I didn’t do my homework last Sunday.
Did you often do your homework on Sunday last year?
What did you do last Sunday?The simple future tenseⅢ一般将来时
1 基本用法：表示将来的动作或者存在的状态；
还可以表示将来经常发生的动作或状态。
2 构成：2.1 will/shall +动词原型
！系动词be仍然用be,不作任何变化
！助动词用will/shall
2.2 be doing to + 动词原型be (shall/will)
I shall be a student nest year year.
You will be a student next year,too.
They will not be students next year.
Will Peter be a student next year?
Will you be a teacher next year?
be (be going to…)
I am going to be a student nest year year.
You are going to be a student next year,too.
Is Peter going to be a student next year?2 行为动词 do,go,run,cry.laugh
I shall do my homework tomorrow.
I shall not do my homework tomorrow.
Will you do your homework this Sunday?
What will you do on Sunday Sunday?
be going to…
I am going to …
They aren’t going to…
Are they going to…
过去将来时Ⅳ过去将来时
1 基本用法：从过去看将来将要发生的事情或存在的状态；还可以表示过去习惯性或经常发生的动作。
2 构成：should/would +动词原型
was/were going to+动词原型I was going to be a doctor when I was young.
My mum told me I should go there.
We knew we would have an exam.
Ⅴ现在进行时态1 定义：表示说话时正在进行的动作或现
阶段正在进行的动作，但说话时 不一定在进行。
2 构成：be(am /is/are)+现在分词 行为动词 do,go,run,cry.laugh
be（am, is , are) + 动词ing
I am doing my homework now.
I am not doing my homework now.
Are you doing your homework now?
What are you doing now?
My mum is making a dress these days. Ⅵ过去进行时态1 定义：表示过去某个时刻或时间正在进行的动作或者持续进行的动作，句中往往需要时间状语来表示这一特定时间。
2 构成：be(was/were)+现在分词 行为动词 do,go,run,cry.laugh
be(was,were) + 动词ing
I was doing my homework when you called.
I was not doing my homework then.
Were you doing your homework at that time?
What were you doing when he came in?
My mum was making a dress these days.
现在完成时态1 定义：表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作；还可以表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或者状态
2 构成：have/has+ 动词过去分词 be (been)
I have been a student for 10 years.
You haven’t been a student since 1995
Has Peter been a student for 10 years?
2 行为动词 do,go,run,cry.laugh
done gone run cried laughed
I have done my homework.
I haven’t done my homework yet.
Have you done your homework?
She has done the job since 1995.1 They ------- (have) class now.
A have B are having
C had D were having
2 I ----(do)my homework when you
called me yesterday.
A did B were doing
C am doing D was doing
3 Look, they ----(sing)happily.
A were singing B was singing
C are singing D is singingBDC4 we the meeting yesterday.
A have hold B hold
C held D are holding
5 Everything is all right;nothing ---.
A have happened B was happened
C will be happened D has happened
6 I can’t buy it because I all my money.
A are spending B have spent
C spend D will spendcDB课件17张PPT。
人称代词
物主代词
反身代词
相互代词
指示代词
疑问代词
关系代词
连接代词
不定代词9类代词一、人称代词
人称代词的主格作主语，宾格作宾语。
2. 在作表语时，用宾格较多，特别是在口语中。
eg: Who is knocking at the door? --- It’s me.
If I were her, I would take the advice.
Imagine yourself to be me.
在than引起的从句中，如不跟其他词，常可用人称代词
的宾格。 eg: He is more intelligent than her/she (is).
在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后多用宾
格。
eg: ---Have more wine? ---Not me.
--- I like English. ---Me too.5. 在介词but,except后，有时可用主格代替宾格。
eg: Nobody likes him except I/me.
6. 在电话用语中常用主格。
eg: ---I wish to speak to Mary. ---This is she.
二、物主代词
形容词性的物主代词只作定语。
名词性的物主代词可作主语、宾语、表语和与of连用
作定语。
eg. He is a close friend of ours.
That remark of yours is quite correct.3. 在汉语中，“我的”，“你的”这类词有时可以省掉，
英语中物主代词一般不省掉。
eg: Hand in your exercise-books, please.
He picked up his cap and left the room.
Don’t put your hands in your pockets.
有时汉语中“自己的”这个词，可译成一个物主代词。
eg: He covered his eyes with his hands.
他用手遮住自己的眼睛。三、反身代词
Oneself 也是一个反身代词，用法和其他的相同。
eg: One should not live for oneself alone.
2. 反身代词常和某些动词连用。
eg: Don’t overwork yourself.
I hope you’ll enjoy yourselves.
She told the boy to behave himself.
She seldom absented herself from class.
I wish to avail myself of this opportunity to express
our gratitude to you.
They prided themselves on their new success.
Please help yourself to some fish.
3. 用于某些固定短语。
by oneself: 自己（不要别人帮助）， 一个人干
for oneself: 替自己， 为自己
in oneself: 本身
between ourselves: 私下说的话（不可告诉别人）
among themselves: ……之间
to oneself: 供自己用
eg: I can do it by myself.
You have to pay for yourself.
This is not a bad idea in itself.
All this is between ourselves.
They had a quarrel among themselves.
She had a room to herself.
I haven’t been myself for weeks.
四、相互代词
each other 和 one another
相互代词可以加’s，表示所有关系。
eg: We should point out each other’s shortcomings.
They have great concern for one another’s work.
2. 在有些情况下，在汉语里没有“相互”，“彼此”等词，
英语却要用相互代词。
eg: Did you know each other at that time?
你们那时认识吗？
We don’t often see each other now.
我们现在不常见面了。
Do you often write to each other?
你们常通信吗？
五、指示代词
This和that 常用来代表前面提到的东西，以避免重复这
个名词；如果这个名词是单数可数名词，用the one的时
候更多一些。
eg: These machines are better than those we turned
out last year.
The oil output in 2001 was much higher than that of
1986.
My room was lighter than the one next door.
六、疑问代词
Who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever,
whichever 构成特殊疑问句。2. This 和that 有时还可以用来表示程度。
eg: I can only promise you this much.
Oh, she is not that foolish.
If it is that bad, we can’t use it.
3.That 的 其它一些词组.
1.like that 这样 eg: Don’t do it like that.
2. that is (to say). 这就是说
eg: We’ll have summer holiday this day next week,that is (to say), next Thursday.
3. that’s all 就这些
eg: Just don’t do it again, that’s all.
4. now that 既然
eg: Now that dinner is ready, wash your hands.
七、关系代词
Who, whom, whose, that, which是用来引起定语从句的。它一面代表定语从句所修饰的先行词，一面又在句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语、表语或定语。
1.Whose 在定语从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。
eg: The girl whose work got the prize is the youngest in her class.
I live in a room whose window faces the south.
2. 非限定性定语从句中， 只能用who/whom代表人，用which代表物。
3. As 也可用作关系代词，主要是在such…as这样的结构中。
eg: Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
He is not such a fool as he looks.
4. Which可用在充当定语的不定式短语中。
eg: We must have some time in which to make the necessary preparations.
He had only the long nights in which to study.
5. But也可用作关系代词，＝that(who)…not.
eg: There is no tree but bears some fruit.
There are few but admires his talent.
八、连接代词
疑问代词都可作连接代词，来引起主语从句，宾语从句
和表语从句。
Eg: What happened after that hasn’t been made public.
I can’t tell which is better.
The question is whom we should trust.
1.代词what有时可以用来表示the thing which这种意思，
来引起一个从句。Eg: What she lacks is experience.
We should never pretend to know what we don’t know.
That’s what we ought to do.
注：区别下面的句子：
That’s what he wants. (无疑问意义）
I don’t know what he wants. （有疑问意义）
2.what有时可以在从句中作定语。
Eg: He collected what information he could find.
They found what shelter they could and lived on wild plants.
3. Who/whom,which,what可以和ever构成合成词，
起强调作用，有“一切”，“任何”这类意思。
Eg: Whatever she did was right.
Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.
You can take whichever room you prefer.
九、不定代词
英语中有下列不定代词：all, each, every, both, either,
neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other,
another, some, any, no,以及some, any, no, every 构成
的合成代词。
不定代词多数能作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但none和
含有some,any,no,every的合成词只作主语、宾语、表语，
而every和no只能作定语。
注1.quite a few>a few>only a few>few/very few.
Eg: Quite a few/A few/Only a few/Few/Very few people
know about it.
quite a few =not a few =many;
quite a little =not a little =much
注2：quite a little>a little>only a little>little/very little
Eg: There is quite a little/a little/only a little/little/very little ink in the bottle.
注3.无论few适用于哪种短语形式，作主语或修饰主语时，被修饰的名词以及谓语动词都用复数形式。无论little用哪种短语形式，作主语或修饰主语时，被修饰的名词应是不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式。
注4.either的谓语应是单数，of后面的名词在数上应是“两个”，并带有限定词。
Eg: either of the/your answers 不可 either answers
注5. Either 作形容词时修饰单数可数名词，其谓语为单数形式。修饰名词不用任何限定词。
Eg: Either way is right.
课件7张PPT。冠词用法分类：定冠词（the)
不定冠词（a,an)
例(1): a road a unit
an hour an uncle
例(2): Look at the sun.
the poor the Greens
on the left by the way 冠词
概念：冠词是一种虚词，本身不能独立使用，只能附着
在一个名词上帮助说明这名词的含义。
分类： 定冠词 特指
不定冠词 泛指
注 1：可数名词的泛指：
eg: A horse is a useful animal.
The horse is a useful animal.
Horses are useful animals.
不可数名词的泛指：不可数名词前不加冠词。注 2：专有名词前不加冠词的情况：
人名：Lu Xun, Mr Zhou, Professor Li
地名：Hong Kong, China, Alaska
其他：January, Saturday, German, little Tom, big John,
Southeast Asia, ancient Greece, Modern English,
New England
注 3：专有名词前必须加定冠词 的情况：
江河海洋： the Yangtze River, the Thames, the Suez
Canal, the Red Sea, the Baltic, the Indian
Ocean, the Pacific Ocean
山脉群岛： the Tien-shan Mountains, the Alps(瑞士境内)
高山/峰, the Philippines, the Zhoushan islands
但： Mount O Mei, Christmas Island
海湾海峡： the English Channel, the Taiwan Straits,
the Bay of Biscay(比斯开湾), the Persian Gulf
湖名前一般不加冠词：
eg: Lake Success, Lake Baikal,
但：the Lake of Geneva, the Great Salt Lake
注 4： 特指除了用定冠词表示外，还可以用物主代词、
名词所有格表示。
Eg: He is in the / his / the students’ dormitory.
泛指除了用不定冠词外，还可以用数词和不定代词表示。
Eg: Here is a book.
Here are two books.
Here are a few books.注 5： 在某些词组中，表示身体部位的名词前常用定冠词。
Eg: They pulled her by the hair.
He gave me a pat on the back.
He hit me on the chin.
注 6：在sun, moon, sky 等前有一描绘性定语，也可加
不定冠词。
Eg: Day broke and a brilliant sun lit up the rooms.
A pale moon hung low in the sky.
注 7： 表示方位的名词前通常要加定冠词。
Eg: The island lies to the south of Guangdong.
注 8： 在turn后,名词前常不加冠词。
Eg: He used to be a teacher till he turned writer.
在title 和rank of 连用的名词也常不用冠词。
Eg: He was awarded the title of model worker.
He was promoted to the rank of captain.
注 9： 无冠词的短语：
arm in arm, face to face, hand in hand, back to back, side by side, day by day, from father to son, from top to toe, be hand in glove with sb,
make head or tail of sth定冠词歌诀: 名词特指二次现
独一无二序形前
专名习语加定冠课件20张PPT。名词专有名词(Proper Nouns)普通名词
(Common Nouns)个体名词(Individual Nouns)集体名词(Collective Nouns)物质名词(Material Nouns)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns)不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)
可数名词(Countable Nouns)Proper Nouns:
指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称Eg:Diana; Beijing; Americans;English; May; New Year’s Day注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写 Common Nouns：
专有名词以外的名词都是普通名词1。Individual Nouns: 指作为个体而存在的人或东西。可以指具体的人或物。Eg: aunts; a panda; apartments也可指抽象东西。Eg: a year; fairy tales; a dream2. Collective Nouns: 表示由个体组成的集体。Eg: army; audience; crew; family; team; police; government; public集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看。一般来说，视为整体时作单数看，突出它的成员时作复数看。Eg: His family isn’t large.Cf: His family are all music lovers.在不少情况下，集体名词后单复数动词都可以用，没什么差别。Eg: The audience was (were) excited by the show.有少数集体名词通常用作单数。Eg: The gang is being hunted by the police.Our company is sending him to work in Berlin. 个别集体名词则多作复数看待。Eg: The police are looking for him. 3. Material Nouns: 指无法分为个体的东西。Eg: beer; cake; cloth; cotton; detergent; fur; ice; paint; paper; soil一般来说，物质名词是不可数的，因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况：1)有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一种”Eg: Two strong black coffees, please. ( 两份）Three beers, please. (三杯）It was a special tea. (一种）2)个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。Eg: rains （雨季）snows (积雪）waters(海域)…
（see note paper)4.Abstract Nouns: 表示一些抽象的概念。Eg: education; love; policy; trust; nature; fashion; relief; silence; truth,etc.多数情况下，这种名词常用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。Eg: He’s learning French for fun.I wish you good luck.有时也可以加冠词。He works hard for the welfare of the poor. After a brief peace, war broke out again. 有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。glass ( 玻璃 )
copper ( 铜 )
tin ( 锡 )
paper ( 纸 )
iron (铁 )
wood ( 木头 )
gold (金子 )
youth (青春 )
power ( 力量 )
beauty ( 美 )
pleasure( 愉快 )
relation(关系）a glass ( 玻璃杯 )
a copper ( 铜币／板 )
a tin ( 罐头，听头 )
a paper ( 报纸，证件，论文 )
an iron (熨斗 )
a wood ( 树林 )
a gold (金牌 )
a youth (年青人 )
a power ( 大国 )
a beauty ( 美人，美的东西 )
a pleasure( 使人感到愉快的事 )
a relation(亲戚） 英语中有许多对词，一个可数，一个不可数。a poem(一首诗 )
a machine(一台机器 )
a job(一件工作 )
a laugh(一个笑声 )
a permit(许可证 )
a garment (一件衣裳 )
a bag(case) (一件行李 )
a loaf (一只面包 )
a hair(一根头发 )poetry(诗歌总称 )
machinery(机器总称 )
work(工作 )
laughter(笑声 )
permission(允许 )
clothing(衣裳总称 )
luggage, baggage(行李 )
bread(面包 )
hair( 头发)名词复数情况加法例词一般情况以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词以辅音＋y结尾的词以辅音+o 结尾的词以f或fe结尾的词加-s加-es去y加-ies多数加-es 把f/fe改成vesbrothers;schoolsbuses;watches;dishes*1ladies;countries;*2Heroes; tomatoes*3Halves; leaves;*4Notes:*1:stomachstomachs*2:以元音+y或以专有名词+y结尾的名词，直接在词尾加-s.
Eg:boys; toys; Germanys; Henrys*3: 以元音+o eg: videos; studios
以oo结尾 eg: zoos; bamboos;kangaroos
一些外来词(特别是音乐方面的词)eg:pianos
一些缩写词 eg: kilos; photos; memos
一些专有名词 eg: Eskimos; Filipinos直接在词尾加-s.*4:以f/fe结尾只加-s的词：
proofs;gulfs; cliffs; roofs;serfs; beliefs;chiefs不规则复数：1.manmenEg: woman– women; chairman-chairmen2.ooeeEg:foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese3.+enEg:child-children; ox-oxen4.ouseiceEg: mouse-mice; louse-lice（虱子）有些外来词的不规则复数形式：Eg: analysis-analyses; basis-bases; thesis-theses; crisis-crisescriterion-criteria; phenomenon-phenomena; medium-media 单复数相同的情况：sheep; deer; means; fish; works; species; Chinese;Japanese
以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。
Eg: yuan,jiao,fen, jin, mu复合名词的复数形式：1.词末+-s eg:film-goers ; forget-me-nots
2.主体名词变为复数形式：lookers-on; editors-in-chief;sons-in-law
3.两个组成部分皆变为复数：women doctors; men cooks* 这种形式的第一个名词必须是man或woman名词所有格(The Possessive Case of Nouns)some patterns:I’ll take the risk for friendship’s sake.
She was at her wit’s end.
Now they could sing at their heart’s content.
We should get the children out of harm’s way.
We had best keep them at arm’s length.
For goodness’ sake,stop arguing.
Jane got the money’s worth out of the coat.
(为了友谊）（黔驴技穷）（尽情地）（不受损害）（保持距离）（看在上帝的份上）（很合算）主谓一致１。语法形式上的一致（主单谓单；主复谓复）２。意义上的一致（主语形单意复，谓语用复数。Eg:people;police)
（主语形复意单，谓语用单数。Eg: news;economics) 3.就近原则： either…or; neither…nor; not only…but also4. 单复数视情况而定。
１）集体名词作主语：强调整体，用单数；强调个体，用复数２）单复数同形名词作主语，按意义一致原则。Eg:means,species３）中心词是all, most, half, rest时，按意义一致原则。即主语单数意义，谓语用单数；主语复数意义，谓语用复数。
４）主语是and连接两个名词时，指一样东西，谓语单数；指两样东西，谓语复数。Eg: A knife and fork is on the table. 5)代词作主语，取决于它代替的是单数还是复数。意义一致原则。Eg: ours, yours; such, the same; who, that, which; any, either, neither,(单独作主语，谓语单数） none, all, some, more, ６）分数，量词，half of, part of 作主语，于中心词保持一致。７）what 引导的主语从句。通常用单数；所指的具体内容为复数时，谓语用复数。８）主谓倒装，谓语与其后主语一致。５。 谓语用单数的情况。１）名词所有格之后的名词被省略。（指商店，工场，住宅等）作主语。Eg: The doctor’s, my uncle’s, the baker’s2) 中心词是时间、距离、金额、度量、书名等复数名词。Eg: three years; The selected poems of Li Bai; 3) each, every, no 所修饰名词，即使以and 或逗号连接。
Eg: each boy and each girl ; every man and woman4) 主语有more than one…; many a 5) a kind of; a pair of; a series of…6) This kind of…7) The number of…8) A great deal of…; a large amount of… +un9) One and a half +可数名词复数
eg: One and a half bananas is left on the table. 10) The departed (死者）意义上指个体11) the only one of +可数名词复数＋定语从句。从句中的谓语用单数。６。谓语用复数的情况。１）police,;people;cattle; militia(民兵）作主语。２）有两个部分构成的名词。（表示衣物或工具）eg: glasses; chopsticks…3)these kind of men（口语); men of this kind 作主语４） both…and…. 修饰主语5) A number of; large quantities of; large amounts of修饰主语６） the+ 形容词作主语，一般情况下７） one of the+可数名词复数＋定语从句，从句中谓语动词用复数。Assignment:1. Try to learn these words by heart: (通常用于复数形式的词）scissors剪刀; pants裤子; contents目录
compasses两脚规; cords灯心絨裤; arms武器
earphones耳机; pyjamas睡衣裤; ashes灰烬
scales天平; overalls工装裤; tropics热带
spectacles眼镜; braces背带; stairs楼梯
nail-clippers指甲刀； slacks便装裤; brains头脑
belongings所有物； savings积蓄； tidings消息
doings行为； writings作品； findings调查结果
And the words in your note paper.2. Finish Ex. Book Chapter 2. Nouns. (P7-P16)&Chapter 12(P133-P136)课件5张PPT。数词I.??????????????????? 基数词
eg: 29 twenty-nine ; 129 one hundred and twenty-nine; 1000以上几个的词，每三位数加一个逗号，第一个逗号前的数为thousand，第二个逗号前的数为million（百万）, 第三个逗号前的数为billion（十亿），第四个逗号前的数为trillion（万亿） 3，129 three thousand, one hundred and twenty-nine6，543，129 six million, five hundred and forty-three thousand, one hundred and twenty-nine8,765,403,129 eight billion, seven hundred and sixty-five million, four hundred and three thousand, one hundred and twenty-nine1,800,765,403,129 one trillion, eighty hundred billion, seven hundred and sixty-five million, four hundred and three thousand, one hundred and twenty-nine
基数词用复数形式。 1．Hundreds of, thousands of 表示很大的数量。 2．表示年岁， in his forties, in her twenties, in your teens
年代 in the 1950s (1950’s), in the 70’s序数词 一般由基数词加th构成。不规则的序数词：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 序数词的一些用法：*和a 连用，表示“再一次”“又一次” I’ll try a second time. *表示日期 May 1st, June 24, 2003 *表示顺序 the first part--- part one; the fifth lesson--- lesson five 分数词 分数词由基数词和序数词构成，基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。除了分子为1的情况下，序数词都要用复数形式。1/4 one-fourth; 2/3 two-thirds; 1/2 a(one)half; 1/4 1(one)quarter; 3/4 three-quarters; *76/92 seventy-six over ninety-two小数的读法6.4—six point four
0.8--- zero point eight
0.05--- zero point zero five
0.762--- zero point seven two six
12.409--- twelve point four oh nine
709.06--- seven hundred and nine point oh six其他情况。 1.当hundred, thousand, million, billion 和dozen, score受数词或不定数量词修饰时，总是用零复数形式（即意义上是复数，形式上无复数标志）：two hundred/thousand/million/ dozen /people
three score and ten years(70年); several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion/ dozen /people ; 2.当dozen, hundred, thousand,后面接of短语时，则在标准英语中大都采用复数形式。
Many(several/ a few) dozens / hundreds/ thousands/ millions of people.3. 当名词带有限定词(the, those)等,则须采用数词+score/dozen+ of +the等限定词+名词结构:
five score of the students two dozen of the player’s fans课件12张PPT。Period ThreeLearning About Language
The Past Participle
as Adverbial and Attributive 1.I like reading the novels _______(write ) by Zhang Ailing.
2. The girl ________(write) a letter in the study is my cousin.
3.There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _______(repair).
4.He spoke loudly in order to make himself _________(hear).
5. I found the little girl _________(cry) at the corner.
6. I want the doors of my new house __________(paint) white.
7.There was a _________(surprise) look on his face.
8. He was _________ (excite) at the good news.
9. The story was so________(move) that he was _______ (move) to tears.
writtenwritingrepairedheardcryingpaintedsurprisedexcitedmovingmovedAs I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
I was unsettled for the first few days.
While I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
I was hit by the lack of fresh air.Worried about the journey,Confused by the new surrounding,Past participle used as adverbial1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water.
2. When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.When heated, ice will be changed into water.Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.过去分词作时间状语过去分词作原因状语1. Since/ As she was given by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.
2. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.过去分词作条件或者假设状语1. If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.
2. If I am compared with you, we still have a long way to go.
Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.作方式或伴随情况状语1. The hunter left his house , followed by his dog.
She sat by the window, lost in thought.
Practice1. Complete each sentences using the P.P. of the right verb.1 ________ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.
2 The lady returned home, ________ by two policemen.
3 After having been _________ carefully, the room was locked again.
4.______ in 1949, the exhibition hall is over 50 years old.FrightenedfollowedexaminedBuilt _____ from a distance, the Opera House looks like ship sails.
If _____ in a burning building, you should send for help.
Although ______ in the leg, he continued firing at the police.
Seentrapped shotPast participle used as attribute1. What's the language that is spoken in that area?
2. I don't like to see letters written in pencil.
3. Do you know the number of books ordered?What's the language spoken in that area?1. ? The girl ____ down by a car was dying .
A A. knock B . knocking C . knocked D. to knock
2.The foreign guests ,____ by some artists , came out of the hall .
A A. following B . to follow C .followed D .to be followed
3.There was an _____ look on his face when the actress appeared .
A . excited B. excite C .exciting D .excitement
4.he children ____ at the hospital yesterday were seriously ill .
A. to examine B .examined C .examine D .examining
5.?Island is a small piece of land ____ by water .
A .surrounded B .surrounding C .to be surrounded D .being surrounded
6. The managers will again discuss the plan ____ last week .
A. carried out B .carrying out C .carry out D .to carry out
CCABAASummary过去分词短语作状语所描述谓语动作发生的时间，条件，原因等。
作定语用的过去分词如果是单词，一般要放在名词的前面；如果是过去分词短语，要放在名词的后面。
?过去分词与现在分词的区别：
1. 过去分词一般表示被动意义,动词-ing表示主动意义。
2. 过去分词表示已完成的动作或状态，动词 –ing 表示正在进行的动作。
