非谓语动词
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非谓语动词 非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。 V2z
动名词
一 动名词-ing作主语
动名词-ing和动词不定式to do都可以作主语，但是在以下的句型中只能用动名词作主语。
It is / was no use /good
not any use /good + doing sth.
of little use /good
useless
若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
二 动名词 作宾语
以下动词或动词词组常用动名词作宾语
Mind, finish, enjoy, image, keep, practice, suggest, miss, consider, prevent, advise, give up, can’t help, insist on, devote to, look forward to, feel like, be used to, pay attention to等等。
Our monitor suggested _____ a discussion of this subject. (85年)
A to have B should have C have D having
解析：选D “我们的班长建议对这个题目进行讨论。” “suggest”后跟动名词作宾语。
三 下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但是它们的意义不一样。
Remember to do 记住去做某事
Doing记得曾经做过的事
Forget to do 忘记去做某事
Doing 忘记已经做过某事
Stop to do 停下来接着做另一件事
Doing停止做一件事
Mean to do 想做某事
Doing 尝试着做某事
Go on to do （做完某事）接着做另一件事
Doing 尝试着做某事
Can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事
Doing 情不自禁地做某事
try to do 努力做某事
doing 尝试着做某事
regret to do 后悔去做某事
doing 后悔已经做过某事
四 动词need , require , want 作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。Be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外，若动词need表“需要”，require表“要求”，want 表“想要”这些意义时，其后必须接名词或代词作宾语，然后接不定式作宾语补足语。
need / require / want doing / to be done
sb. to do sth.
be worth + n. （表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词）
doing
be worthy of being done
of + n. 值得
to be done
例如： The book is worthy to being read.
The book is worthy to be read.
五 动名词做状语，可以做时间状语，原因状语，条件状语， 让步状语，伴随状语等。
例如：Hearing the news , his parents are very happy. （条件状语）
Having been lost the keys, he couldn’t enter the room. （原因状语）
The girl sits in the garden , reading a book . （伴随状语）
The cup dropped to the ground , breaking into pieces. （结果状语）
动词不定式
一 不定式做主语
1 可以直接放在句首
To play basketball is a pleasure to me.
2 可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式置于谓语动词之后。
It is a pleasure for me to play basketball
It takes half an hour for me to go to school from home .
注意：句型 It is + adj. + for (of ) sb. to do sth用法.
It is very important for us to learn English.
二 不定式做宾语
1 动词不定式跟在以下词后做宾语agree , ask , desire , fail , refuse , intend , plan , manage , decide 等。
2 动词不定式作介词的宾语，一般用于“疑问连词wh- +不定式”结构。
We should take the advise on how to learn maths.
但是在表示“除外”的but , except等少数介词的后面，可用带to的不定式。其前如有实义动词“do”字样时，不定式的符号 “to”需省略。
He had no choice but to work hard.
She did nothing but cry.
3 动词不定式可以直接放在动词之后，也可以使用形式宾语 ，并把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。
I don’t think _____ possible to master a foreign language without much money.
A this B that C its D it
解析：选D 不定式短语“to master a foreign language ”在句中做真正的宾语，因它带有自己的补足语“possible”，故必须用形式宾语it。
4 在感官动词或使役动词feel , see , smell , let , have等后，作宾补的不定式不带to。
但是使役动词和感官动词用于被动结构时，要用带to 的不定式 做宾补。
John was made _____ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A to wash B washing C wash D to be washing
解析: A 句中的谓语“was made ”为被动结构，其宾补应带“to”的不定式to wash。
三 动词不定式做目的，原因状语
The Bismarck sailed into the Atlantic ocean to cut off American supplies to Britain. （目的状语）
动名词做目的状语时，不定式可以变成 “ in order ( not ) to do”, “so as ( not ) to do.
He is playing basketball in the playground to relax himself. （原因状语）
真题解析：
1 _____ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (2005 )
A Being separated B Having separated
C Having been separated D To be separated
解析：选A Having been separated为现在分词完成体的被动语态，表示动作完成和被动。
2 _____ , the more expensive the camera , the better its quality. ( 2005 )
A General speaking B Speaking general
C Generally speaking D Speaking generally
解析：选C 固定搭配。
3 He hurried to the station only ____ that the train had left.
A to have found B finding C found D to find
解析：选D only+ 不定式，在句中做结果状语，表示一件意想不到的令人失望的结果。
4 I send you 100 dollar today, the rest _____ in a year.
A follows B followed C to follow D being followed
解析：选C to follow 为动词不定式结构，在句中与the rest 构成独立主格，不定式在此表示将来发生的事。
5 It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview . _____ the answers ready will be of great help.
A To have had B Having had C Have D Having
解析：选 D Having the answers ready在句中做主语。
6 He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _____ the good opportunity.
A to lose B losing C to be lost D being lost
解析：risk doing sth.“冒险做某事“
仿真练习：
1 ____, most of the spelling mistakes can be avoided.
A Checking your composition carefully
B Check your composition carefully
C If you check your composition carefully
D Your composition is carefully checked
2 While__ the old temple, a few workers fell down and were badly hurt.
A rebuilding B to rebuild C having rebuilt
3 His parents wouldn’t’t allow her__ anyone who is poor.
A to marry to B marrying to
C to marry D to be married with
4 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year.
A carry out B carrying out C carried out D to carry out
5 When he was decorating his house , he got the bedroom ____ first.
A to paint B painting C painted D to be painted
6 Two hundred raised _____ bicycle were returned to their owners last month.
A steal B stolen C stealing D be stolen
7 The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ___.
A hear B to hear C hearing D heard
8 The problem ____ now has nothing important to do with our everyday life.
A to be discussing B to discuss
C been discussed D being discussed
9 ______, they will go and visit the zoo.
A Weather permitting B Weather permitted
C Weather being permitted D Weather having permitted
10 _____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A Followed B Followed by
C Being followed D Having been followed by
参考答案： CAACC BDDAB
动名词
一 动名词-ing作主语
动名词-ing和动词不定式to do都可以作主语，但是在以下的句型中只能用动名词作主语。
It is / was no use /good
not any use /good + doing sth.
of little use /good
useless
若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
二 动名词 作宾语
以下动词或动词词组常用动名词作宾语
Mind, finish, enjoy, image, keep, practice, suggest, miss, consider, prevent, advise, give up, can’t help, insist on, devote to, look forward to, feel like, be used to, pay attention to等等。
Our monitor suggested _____ a discussion of this subject. (85年)
A to have B should have C have D having
解析：选D “我们的班长建议对这个题目进行讨论。” “suggest”后跟动名词作宾语。
三 下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但是它们的意义不一样。
Remember to do 记住去做某事
Doing记得曾经做过的事
Forget to do 忘记去做某事
Doing 忘记已经做过某事
Stop to do 停下来接着做另一件事
Doing停止做一件事
Mean to do 想做某事
Doing 尝试着做某事
Go on to do （做完某事）接着做另一件事
Doing 尝试着做某事
Can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事
Doing 情不自禁地做某事
try to do 努力做某事
doing 尝试着做某事
regret to do 后悔去做某事
doing 后悔已经做过某事
四 动词need , require , want 作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。Be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外，若动词need表“需要”，require表“要求”，want 表“想要”这些意义时，其后必须接名词或代词作宾语，然后接不定式作宾语补足语。
need / require / want doing / to be done
sb. to do sth.
be worth + n. （表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词）
doing
be worthy of being done
of + n. 值得
to be done
例如： The book is worthy to being read.
The book is worthy to be read.
五 动名词做状语，可以做时间状语，原因状语，条件状语， 让步状语，伴随状语等。
例如：Hearing the news , his parents are very happy. （条件状语）
Having been lost the keys, he couldn’t enter the room. （原因状语）
The girl sits in the garden , reading a book . （伴随状语）
The cup dropped to the ground , breaking into pieces. （结果状语）
动词不定式
一 不定式做主语
1 可以直接放在句首
To play basketball is a pleasure to me.
2 可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式置于谓语动词之后。
It is a pleasure for me to play basketball
It takes half an hour for me to go to school from home .
注意：句型 It is + adj. + for (of ) sb. to do sth用法.
It is very important for us to learn English.
二 不定式做宾语
1 动词不定式跟在以下词后做宾语agree , ask , desire , fail , refuse , intend , plan , manage , decide 等。
2 动词不定式作介词的宾语，一般用于“疑问连词wh- +不定式”结构。
We should take the advise on how to learn maths.
但是在表示“除外”的but , except等少数介词的后面，可用带to的不定式。其前如有实义动词“do”字样时，不定式的符号 “to”需省略。
He had no choice but to work hard.
She did nothing but cry.
3 动词不定式可以直接放在动词之后，也可以使用形式宾语 ，并把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。
I don’t think _____ possible to master a foreign language without much money.
A this B that C its D it
解析：选D 不定式短语“to master a foreign language ”在句中做真正的宾语，因它带有自己的补足语“possible”，故必须用形式宾语it。
4 在感官动词或使役动词feel , see , smell , let , have等后，作宾补的不定式不带to。
但是使役动词和感官动词用于被动结构时，要用带to 的不定式 做宾补。
John was made _____ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A to wash B washing C wash D to be washing
解析: A 句中的谓语“was made ”为被动结构，其宾补应带“to”的不定式to wash。
三 动词不定式做目的，原因状语
The Bismarck sailed into the Atlantic ocean to cut off American supplies to Britain. （目的状语）
动名词做目的状语时，不定式可以变成 “ in order ( not ) to do”, “so as ( not ) to do.
He is playing basketball in the playground to relax himself. （原因状语）
真题解析：
1 _____ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (2005 )
A Being separated B Having separated
C Having been separated D To be separated
解析：选A Having been separated为现在分词完成体的被动语态，表示动作完成和被动。
2 _____ , the more expensive the camera , the better its quality. ( 2005 )
A General speaking B Speaking general
C Generally speaking D Speaking generally
解析：选C 固定搭配。
3 He hurried to the station only ____ that the train had left.
A to have found B finding C found D to find
解析：选D only+ 不定式，在句中做结果状语，表示一件意想不到的令人失望的结果。
4 I send you 100 dollar today, the rest _____ in a year.
A follows B followed C to follow D being followed
解析：选C to follow 为动词不定式结构，在句中与the rest 构成独立主格，不定式在此表示将来发生的事。
5 It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview . _____ the answers ready will be of great help.
A To have had B Having had C Have D Having
解析：选 D Having the answers ready在句中做主语。
6 He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _____ the good opportunity.
A to lose B losing C to be lost D being lost
解析：risk doing sth.“冒险做某事“
仿真练习：
1 ____, most of the spelling mistakes can be avoided.
A Checking your composition carefully
B Check your composition carefully
C If you check your composition carefully
D Your composition is carefully checked
2 While__ the old temple, a few workers fell down and were badly hurt.
A rebuilding B to rebuild C having rebuilt
3 His parents wouldn’t’t allow her__ anyone who is poor.
A to marry to B marrying to
C to marry D to be married with
4 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year.
A carry out B carrying out C carried out D to carry out
5 When he was decorating his house , he got the bedroom ____ first.
A to paint B painting C painted D to be painted
6 Two hundred raised _____ bicycle were returned to their owners last month.
A steal B stolen C stealing D be stolen
7 The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ___.
A hear B to hear C hearing D heard
8 The problem ____ now has nothing important to do with our everyday life.
A to be discussing B to discuss
C been discussed D being discussed
9 ______, they will go and visit the zoo.
A Weather permitting B Weather permitted
C Weather being permitted D Weather having permitted
10 _____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A Followed B Followed by
C Being followed D Having been followed by
参考答案： CAACC BDDAB
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