UNIT 1 GREAT SCIENTISTS[上学期]

课件89张PPT。Unit 1 Great ScientistsNew words:engine
steam engine
characteristic
radium
put forward
theory
infect
infectious
发动机蒸气机特征，特性镭提出理论传染传染的9. cholera
10. scientific
11. examine
12. conclude
13. conclusion
14. draw a conclusion
15. analyse
16. repeat
17. defeat
18. attend霍乱科学的检查，考试结束，推断出结论得出结论分析重复打败参加，护理19. expose
20. deadly
21. cure
22. outbreak
23. control
24. absorb
25. severe
26. valuable
27. clue
28. pump暴露，揭露致命的治疗，治愈爆发控制吸收，吸引严重的有价值的线索抽水机29. Cambridge Street
30. pub
31. blame
32. immediately
33. handle
34. germ
35. addition
36. in addition
37. link
38. link …to…剑桥大街酒吧责备立即把手(n.), 处理(v.)微生物，细菌增加，加法另外联系把…和…联系起来39. announce
40. certainty
41. instruct
42. virus
43. construction
44. contribute
45. apart from
46. creative
47. co-operative
48. positive宣布确信(n.)指示病毒结构，建筑物贡献(v.)除…之外有创造力的合作的积极的49. strict
50. be strict with
51. Nicolaus Copernicus
52. revolutionary
53. calculation
54. lead to
55. movement
56. make sense
57. God
58. backward严格的对…严格的 尼古拉. 哥白尼革命的计算通向，导致移动，运动有意义上帝向后地59. loop
60. complete
61. privately
62. spin
63. brightness
64. enthusiastic
65. cautious
66. reject
67. persuasive
68. view圈，环完整的，全部的私下的（使）旋转明亮热情的小心的拒绝有说服力的观点，见解69. point of view
70. logical态度，看法合乎逻辑的Warming up Do you know any scientists?
Can you remember their names and their scientific achievements?NewtonGalileoEdisonWatt Curie BellFranklinEinsteinNobelFlamingHawking Joule杨振宁李政道 丁肇中李远哲朱棣文崔 琦 王 选袁隆平钱学森陈景润Liu Zhenxing Long March 2 rocket Qian Xuesen and the spaceflight Deng Jiaxian h-bombYang LiweiShenZhou VBenjamin Franklin(1706-1790)
An American scientistA scientist of physicsIsaac Newtondiscovered gravity---why things fall down to earthScientists of chemistry
Watson & Crick
discovered DNAThe telephoneAlexander Bell (great American who invented the telephone in 1876)theory of relativity
（相对论） Albert EinsteinThe Origin of Species
《物种起源》Dead-leaf mimic katydidEvolutionCharles DarwinA scientist of biology
Charles Darwin discovered evolution---ancestors of humans
were monkeys
PoRaRadioactivity钋镭A scientist of physics
Madame Curie
(discovered the element
radium and polonium)Thomas Edison(1847 - 1931) Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration. Florence Nightingale
弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔
a pioneer of nursing
近代护理学的奠基人
Periodic Table of ElementsMendeleevA scientist of medicine Alexander Fleming(discovered penicillin to kill bacteria)Alexander Bell electricity
Thomas Edison the first telephone
the Wright Brothers’ the electric lamp
Madame Curie black holes in universe
Franklin Theory of Gravity
Steven Hawking the First Plane
Elbert Einstein Radium
Isaac Newton the Theory of Relativity???? What inventions do you know in China’s history?powder compass making paper printing What great inventions do you know?Solar energyWhich one do you think is the most important? Why ?Electricity
Cars
Aeroplanes
Radio and television
The Internet
Cloning
The Theory of Gravity
Nuclear science
Solar energyThey are all important and useful for the development of mankind and society.What qualities do you think a scientist should have?QualitiesGood observationPerseveranceStrong
determinationCarefulCreativeClever and strictPatient ReadingJohn Snow Defeats “King Cholera”Pre-readingDo you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?
Discuss in small groups the stages in examining a new
scientific idea. What order would you put them in?Draw a conclusion Think of a method
Collect results Make up a question
Find a problem Analyse the results
Repeat if necessary2135476Read the passage quickly and put the correct
stages into the reading about research into a
disease.Find a problem:
Make up a question:
Think of a method:
Collect results:? ScanningJohn Snow was a well-known doctor
in London…until its cause was found.He got interested in the two theories…
and soon the affected person was dead.He believed in the second theory but…
so severe that more than 500 people had
died in 10 days.He determined to find out why… It seemed
the water was to blame.Analyse the results:
Repeat if necessary:
Draw a conclusion:Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets…that cholera
was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In addition, he found…that polluted water carried the disease.To prevent this from happening again,…not to expose people to polluted water anymore.Fill in the chart.Careful reading Nobody knew the cause of the serious disease
of cholera.strange cloud in the air that attacked
victims.people absorbed the disease with their
meals.Collect data from the next cholera attack to
test theories. Try to prove which method was
correct.He found the cause of cholera was the polluted
water.Idea 2. Because the data showed a connection
with the water.John Snow was able to defeat cholera once its
cause was known.1. John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?
2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map? Give a reason.John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.
No. The map helped John Snow organise his ideas.
He was able to identify those households that had
had many deaths and check their water-drinking
habits. He identified those houses that had had no
deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The
evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being
the cause.Answer the following questions according to the
passage.Cholera was a 19th century disease. What
disease do you think is similar to cholera
today? Why?

Further DiscussionTwo diseases, which are similar today,
are SARS and AIDS because they are both
very serious, have an unknown cause and
need public health care to solve them.Language PointsDoctor John Snow was so famous
that he attended Queen Victoria to
ease the birth of her babies.约翰斯诺太富盛名了，以致于维多利亚女王生孩子时都是他去照料，帮助她顺利分娩。attend vt. vi.
1) to be present at; go to (meeting, conference, lecture…) 出席，参加
He decided to attend the meeting
himself.
他决定亲自赴会。2) to look after, care for, serve 照顾；看护Which doctor is attending (to) you?哪位医生护理你？attendance n.
1) the act of attending 照顾There is a doctor in attendance.有一位医生照顾。2) the number of people present 出席人数There was a large attendance at the concert.音乐会听众很多。But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 但当他一想到要帮助（那些）受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。expose to 暴露；受到风险Don’t expose yourself to the sun for too long.
You’ll get sunburned.别在太阳下晒得太久，你会被晒伤。It’s very dangerous to be exposed to these viruses without any protection.不加任何保护，直接暴露在这些病毒下是十分危险
的。He knew it would never be
controlled until its cause was found.他知道，在找到病源前，疫情是无法控制的。control v. to have power over, rule,
direct 统治，控制You are trying to control me as though I
were your slave.你是想把我当作你的奴隶控制。The government tries its best to control
prices.政府努力控制物价。He cannot control his anger.他无法抑制自己的愤怒情绪。n. 统治，控制，掌握1) lose control of / be (go) out of
control 失去控制The driver lost control of his car and
it knocked into a tree.司机失去控制，车撞到树上。The car was out of control and ran
into a wall.车失去控制，撞到了墙上。
2) in control of 在……控制下Mr Brown is in control of the money.布朗先生管理钱财。3) under the control of 被……控制着This money is under the control of
Mr Brown.钱财由一位布朗先生掌管。The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种
病毒引入体内的。
suggest经常有“建议”的意思，但在这个
句子里的意思是“暗示，间接表明”。The disorganized meeting suggested
bad preparation.混乱的会场表明准备工作很差。absorb vt. & vi.
1) to take or suck in (liquids) 吸收
A sponge absorbs water.
海绵吸水。absorb…into… 吸收The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大公司渐渐把这些小公司吞并了。2) to take in (knowledge, ideas)
专心于The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale.这个小姑娘正在全神贯注地阅读一篇
故事。In addition, he found two other deaths
in another part of London that were
linked to the Broad Street outbreak.此外，他还发现伦敦另一个地区有两个死亡病例都与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联。
in addition (to) 此外（还）
In addition, the course also provides practical experience.
此外，这门课程还提供了实践的经验。
We saw a Micky Mouse cartoon in addition to the cowboy movie.
我们除了西部牛仔片之外还看了一个米老鼠动画片。link...to… 把……与……连接；联系Fingerprints linked the suspect to the
crime.指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪行为。With this extra evidence John Snow
was able to announce with certainty
that polluted water carried the disease.有了这个证据，约翰斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病毒。
announce v.
1) to make known publicly 发表、告知、宣布……
The government announced its new economic policies.
政府发布了新的经济政策。
The news was announced to the public on TV.
这则消息经由电视向大众宣布。2) to state in a loud voice (the name
of a person or thing on arrival, as of
people at a party or aircraft at an airport) 宣布（客人的名字、到达等）3) to make clearly known
（事情）显示……；预告Warm sunshine announces the coming
of spring.His servant announced Mr and Mrs White.他的仆人通报怀特夫妇驾临。温暖的阳光预示春天即将来到。To prevent this form happening again,
John Snow suggested that the source
of all water supplies be examined and
new methods of dealing with polluted
water be found.为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检测，而且要寻找处理污水的新方法。
suggest在此句中是“建议”的意思，它的句型是suggest (that) sb. (should) do sth.
I suggested that he should give up smoking.
我建议他戒烟。
The chairman suggested the meeting be put off until next week.
主席建议会议延迟到下周举行。suggest后面还可以接-ing形式或名词。Kane suggested leaving early for the
airport.凯恩提议早些出发去机场。Apart from the construction mentioned
above, you have also learned the
following phrases.除了上面提到的结构，你们还学过以下的一些短语。
apart from 除……之外，相当于besides, in addition to。Apart from being fun and good exercise,
swimming is a very useful skill.What do you study apart from English?除英语外，你还学些什么？除了作为一种有趣而且有益的运动外，游泳
还是一项很有用的技能。Answers to Discovering useful words and
expressions on page 4.Ex.1: examined put forward exposed cure
immediately look into announced instruct
valuableEx. 2: make a telephone call make a decision
make a plan make a contribution
make a speech make a noise
make a change make a descriptionAnswers to Discovering useful structures on
page 4.Ex. 1: (Attribute)
Doctor John Snow was a well-known
doctor in London.
2. John Snow told the astonished people in
Broad Street.(Predicative)
He got interested in the two theories.
Neither its cause, nor its cure was
understood.Ex. 2: 1. people who are terrified
2. Seats which are reserved
3. water that is polluted
4. a room that is crowded
5. a winner who is pleased
6. astonished children
7. a broken vase
8. a closed door
9. the tired audience
10. a trapped animalEx. 3: 1. blamed
2. tired
3. disappointed
4. shocked/depressed
5. excited
6. infectedAnswers to Listening on Page 6What did Qian Xuesen study first?
What experience did he get in America that was very useful for China?
3. What was Qian Xuesen’s achievement when he returned to China from America? He first studied to be an engineer.In America he began to work on space rockets
so that he was able to develop a space programme when he came back to China.When Qian Xuesen returned to China he set up a Space Institute to begin training people in how to design and build rockets.4. How has he been honoured in China?
5. How would Steve honour him?In China he has been honoured as “the father of
the space programme”.Steve Smith suggested putting Qian Xuesen’s
picture on Mars when the first Chinese astronaut
lands there.Reading and writingCopernicus’ Revolutionary TheoryUse the reading to help you draw the two
theories of the universe.A diagram showing
the solar system with
the earth at its centre.A diagram showing
the solar system with
the sun at its center.lead to 引起；造成；导致This will probably lead to trouble in the future.这将导致日后的麻烦。This led to his conclusion that she was guilty.这使他得出了她有罪的结论。Only if you put the sun there did the movements
of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他
行星的运动才能说得清楚。这是一个倒装句，以only引起的短语或状语从句放
在句首时，为了加强语气，句子需要倒装。Only by shouting and waving his hands could he
be noticed.只有靠大声呼叫和晃动手臂才能使人注意到他。Only if I get a job can I have enough money to
continue my studies at college.我只有找到工作才能弄到足够的钱继续大学的
学业。make sense 讲得通；有道理Here, read the sentence. It doesn’t seem to make
sense.看这里，读这个句子，好像一点儿也讲不通。Your story doesn’t make sense to me.你编的故事我听不明白。Answers to the WorkbookListening:Ex. 1: CEx. 2: specialist; book; Sweden; 1707; 1778;
biology; young plants and animals; babies; eggs;
produce seeds; groups; eggs; feathers; bird;
parrot; bird, parrotUsing words and expressions:Ex. 1: expose…to; link…to; connect…to;
blame; severe; examine; test; rejected;
absorbed; defeatedEx. 2: 1. Apart from going to the park, I have not
been outside my flat this summer.
2. The results of the scientific experiments are
valuable to us and they will contribute to the
success of our research.
3. In addition to a good income I am offering you
a new flat to live in.4. It is difficult to make a conclusion without
enough evidence.
5. Please check carefully after you complete the
writing and make sure all the sentences make sense.
6. You’re going to attend the lecture, aren’t you?
But you don’t seem very enthusiastic about it.
7. Too much work and too little rest often leads to
illness.
8. The government announced that the disease was
under control.
9. Professor Yang is strict with his assistants. They
must do the experiments according to his
instructions.Ex. 3:Ex. 4: 1; 4; 1; 1; 3; 1; 2; 1Using structures:Ex. 1: 1. prepared 2. interested
3. worried, continued 4. arrived
5. concerned 6. frightenedEx. 2: 1. I found this broken plate on the floor.
2. I saw a tall, dark and handsome man called
Xiao Ming.
3. I looked at that modern abstract painting coloured in yellows and greens.4. Yesterday I got the expected answer to my
question.
5. She is my friend devoted to my interests.
6. On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles were
labelled in green ink.
7. We saw many cracked windows in that room.Listening task:Ex. 2: