省略与代替[下学期]
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文档简介
省略与替代
训练指要
省略是在表达时，为了避免重复，突出新信息，并使上下文紧密连接而使用的一种修辞手法。省略使句子更加简洁灵便。遵循省略的规律和习惯，有利于语言交际能力的提高和阅读理解能力的加强。替代则是指用替代词代替上下文中出现过的词语或整个句子，也是避免重复、连接上下文的手段之一。替代的方法通常有三种：名词性替代、动词性替代和从句性替代。
1．（2003春季全国高考题）The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B. having
C. to have seen D. to see
2．（2002全国高考题）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________ I will always treasure.
A. that B. one C. it D. what
3．I often think of my childhood, during ________ I lived on my uncle’s farm.
A. which B. when C. where D. who
4．—May I help you with some shoes, sir
—Yes, I’d like to try on those white ________.
A. one B. ones C. two D. pair
5．Here are four choices, which do you think is the best ________
A. choices B. that C. ones D. /
6．—What’s the difference between the first house and the second
—The first one has a garage while the second has ________.
A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither
7．—Have you ever been to Shanghai
— ________.
A. Not yet B. Haven’t
C. Yet not D. Still not
8．—Don’t forget to come to my birthday party.
— ________.
A. I don’t B. I won’t
C. I don’t forget D. I won’t forget
9．—Be sure to get up earlier tomorrow morning.
— ________. I’ll be as early as a bird.
A. OK. I will B. I’m afraid 1 can
C. Of course not D. No, I will
10．—What’s the matter with you
—I didn’t pass the test, but 1 still ________
A. hope so B. hope to
C. hope it D. hope that
11．—Is she really ill
— ________. She’s in hospital.
A. I hope so B. I’m sure
C. 1 don’t think so D. I’m afraid so
12．I am happy if you ________.
A. happy B. are C. will D. be
13．—I say it is your turn to be on duty today.
— ________
A. Mine B. I C. Myself D. Me
14．Don’t come in unless ________.
A. inviting B. inviting to
C. invited to D. being invited to
15．—I usually go there by train.
—Why not ________ by boat for a change
A. to try going B. try to go
C. to try and go D. try going
16．The doctor did what he could ________ the boy, but in vain.
A. save B. to save
C. saving D. saved
17．He spent most of his spare time ________ novels.
A. to read B. reading
C. to reading D. for reading
18．All the girl want ________ do is ________ stay at home and study hard.
A. /; to B. to; to
C. to; / D. either B or C
19．—Why did you take a taxi
—I ________. I was late.
A. have to B. have to do
C. had to D. had to do
20．—Why didn’t you do your homework yesterday
—But ________, sir.
A. I did so B. I didn’t do it
C. I didn’t forget D. I did do it
21．He is very famous here, so we had no trouble ________ him yesterday.
A. to find B. finding
C. found D. in founding
22．—How often do they give the concert
— ________.
A. For twice a month B. In twice a month
C. Twice a month D. Twice month
23．He is not ________ his sister, but ________.
A. taller than; stronger B. so tall as; strong
C. taller than; is stronger D. as tall as; stronger
24．—You look happy today, Mary.
—I like my new dress and Mother ________, too.
A. likes B. does C. is D. do
25．—What do you think made Mary so upset
— ________ her new bicycle.
A. As she lost B. Lost
C. Losing D. Because of losing
26．—Who’s got all my money
—He ________.
A. does B. is C. was D. has
27．The children are made ________ twelve hours a day.
A. to work B. work C. working D. worked
28．We often hear him ________ English songs.
A. to sing B. sing
C. singing D. to be singing
29．I’m very busy preparing for the exam, so I can’t help ________ the house work.
A. doing B. do C. did D. done
30．What doctors can do is ________ people’s life.
A. save B. saving C. to save D. A or C
31．Although ________ to stop, he kept on working.
A. tell B. told C. was told D. having told
32．Ask him to take you home ________ possible.
A. at B. while C. if D. if they
33．The English book for kids is the best of its kind ________.
A. that has ever been made B. ever made
C. ever been made D. has ever been made
34．—Will Susan win the Nobel Prize this time
—It is likely that she ________.
A. will B. does C. will do D. wins it
35．I prefer the climate of Kunming to ________ of Wuhan.
A. it B. one C. this D. that
36．—Mr. Black has just arrived.
—Really ________. He didn’t accept our invitation.
A. I can’t imagine it B. 1 don’t think so
C. I hope so D. I don’t believe him
37．They live on a busy main road. ________ must be very noisy.
A. There B. It C. That D. They
38．We don’t go to the cinema as much as ________.
A. we used to go B. we used to do
C. used to D. we used to
39．Canada has a large area than ________ China.
A. that of B. the one of
C. it of D. /
40．________, I’ll have a letter sent to your company.
A. If necessary B. If it were necessary
C. As I’m necessary D. Unless it is necessary
41．—Shall I invite Mike to my party
—Yes, it will be nice if you ________.
A. invited B. do invite
C. are D. invite
42．—Have you been here long
— ________.
A. No, not very B. Not much
C. Yes, only little D. No, only yesterday
43．—Do you follow me
—Yes, ________.
A. it is good B. I will
C. perfectly D. very good
44．Look out for cars ________ the street.
A. when crossed B. when crossing
C. if you crossed D. while you are crossing
45．She worked very hard ________ still rather poor in health.
A. though she B. although she
C. though D. although was
46．—Is the stamp very unusual
— ________.
A. Yes, very much B. Yes, it is so
C. Yes, very D. Yes, not very
47．—Can you climb that tree, my boy
— ________
A. I B. Mine
C. Myself D. Me
48．—Will you waste your time and money on that
—Certainly ________.
A. will not B. no
C. it D. not
49．—What happened to the boy He’s making so much noise.
—He wanted to play football, but his mother warned him ________.
A. not B. to
C. not to D. 不填
50．—Shall I wake you up tomorrow morning
—Yes, ________.
A. please do B. you shall
C. you will D. you may
51．You have three children, but I have only two ________.
A. one B. ones
C. / D. child
52．—Mary said the lecture was boring.
—Yes, I said ________.
A. so B. this
C. the kind D. the same
53．—Alice, why didn’t you do it the day before
—I ________, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would
C. was going to D. does
54．—Do you need a new tie to go with your new suit, Mr. Smith
—No. ________.
A. I’m having plenty of ties
B. I have lots of ties to do it
C. I think I have several that will do
D. There are lots of ties to do it
55．—Are you a film star
— ________.
A. Yes, I was B. I used to be
C. I used to D. I’m used to
56．—I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat
—Not at all. ________.
A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not
C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to
57．—I’m going to dig it up.
—What ________
A. with B. by C. at D. from
58．Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl did not dare ________ in her room.
A. sleeping B. to sleeping
C. sleep D. slept
59．—They have done a good job.
— ________. Let’s go to congratulate them.
A. So they have done B. So they have
C. So have they D. So is it
60．He smokes a lot. Does his father ________
A. smoke so B. smoke that
C. do so D. did that
参考答案
1~5 DBABD 6~10 BABAB
11~15 DBACD 16~20 BBDCD
21~25 BCABC 26~30 DABBD
31~35 BCBAD 36~40 ABDDA
41~45 AACBC 46~50 CDDCA
51~55 CDCCB 56~60 DACBC
【解析】
1．根据上下文，空白处为he wanted to see之省略。
2．one在这里代替moment，以避免重复。
5．此处既可不填直接用形容词最高级表示替代，也可在其后加一个one表替代。
6．此处用none表示第二套房没有车库之类的设施；而nothing表示什么也没有，显然语意不合。
7．现在完成时否定式的省略回答。
10．hope to pass the test之省略。
11．根据下文的回答用I’m afraid so表示“恐怕如此”之意。
12．if you are happy的省略。
13．Is it my turn（=mine）to be on duty today 的省略。
18．当主语部分中含有do这个动词时，不定式作表语可省掉to，也可不省。
19．I had to take a taxi的省略。
20．I did do it表示“我确实做了”。
25．所做的回答要能替换What在句中所起的作用。
27．make sb. do sth. 在主动语态中do前没有to，但如果变成被动语态则必须加to。
29．这里的can’t help是“不能帮忙（做某事）”的意思，所以跟带to或不带to的原形动词；如果can’t help是“禁不住；情不自禁”之意，则后跟动词的-ing形式。
32．if it is possible的省略。
58．dare用作实义动词时，在否定句中，其后的不定式符号to可以省略。
训练指要
省略是在表达时，为了避免重复，突出新信息，并使上下文紧密连接而使用的一种修辞手法。省略使句子更加简洁灵便。遵循省略的规律和习惯，有利于语言交际能力的提高和阅读理解能力的加强。替代则是指用替代词代替上下文中出现过的词语或整个句子，也是避免重复、连接上下文的手段之一。替代的方法通常有三种：名词性替代、动词性替代和从句性替代。
1．（2003春季全国高考题）The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B. having
C. to have seen D. to see
2．（2002全国高考题）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________ I will always treasure.
A. that B. one C. it D. what
3．I often think of my childhood, during ________ I lived on my uncle’s farm.
A. which B. when C. where D. who
4．—May I help you with some shoes, sir
—Yes, I’d like to try on those white ________.
A. one B. ones C. two D. pair
5．Here are four choices, which do you think is the best ________
A. choices B. that C. ones D. /
6．—What’s the difference between the first house and the second
—The first one has a garage while the second has ________.
A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither
7．—Have you ever been to Shanghai
— ________.
A. Not yet B. Haven’t
C. Yet not D. Still not
8．—Don’t forget to come to my birthday party.
— ________.
A. I don’t B. I won’t
C. I don’t forget D. I won’t forget
9．—Be sure to get up earlier tomorrow morning.
— ________. I’ll be as early as a bird.
A. OK. I will B. I’m afraid 1 can
C. Of course not D. No, I will
10．—What’s the matter with you
—I didn’t pass the test, but 1 still ________
A. hope so B. hope to
C. hope it D. hope that
11．—Is she really ill
— ________. She’s in hospital.
A. I hope so B. I’m sure
C. 1 don’t think so D. I’m afraid so
12．I am happy if you ________.
A. happy B. are C. will D. be
13．—I say it is your turn to be on duty today.
— ________
A. Mine B. I C. Myself D. Me
14．Don’t come in unless ________.
A. inviting B. inviting to
C. invited to D. being invited to
15．—I usually go there by train.
—Why not ________ by boat for a change
A. to try going B. try to go
C. to try and go D. try going
16．The doctor did what he could ________ the boy, but in vain.
A. save B. to save
C. saving D. saved
17．He spent most of his spare time ________ novels.
A. to read B. reading
C. to reading D. for reading
18．All the girl want ________ do is ________ stay at home and study hard.
A. /; to B. to; to
C. to; / D. either B or C
19．—Why did you take a taxi
—I ________. I was late.
A. have to B. have to do
C. had to D. had to do
20．—Why didn’t you do your homework yesterday
—But ________, sir.
A. I did so B. I didn’t do it
C. I didn’t forget D. I did do it
21．He is very famous here, so we had no trouble ________ him yesterday.
A. to find B. finding
C. found D. in founding
22．—How often do they give the concert
— ________.
A. For twice a month B. In twice a month
C. Twice a month D. Twice month
23．He is not ________ his sister, but ________.
A. taller than; stronger B. so tall as; strong
C. taller than; is stronger D. as tall as; stronger
24．—You look happy today, Mary.
—I like my new dress and Mother ________, too.
A. likes B. does C. is D. do
25．—What do you think made Mary so upset
— ________ her new bicycle.
A. As she lost B. Lost
C. Losing D. Because of losing
26．—Who’s got all my money
—He ________.
A. does B. is C. was D. has
27．The children are made ________ twelve hours a day.
A. to work B. work C. working D. worked
28．We often hear him ________ English songs.
A. to sing B. sing
C. singing D. to be singing
29．I’m very busy preparing for the exam, so I can’t help ________ the house work.
A. doing B. do C. did D. done
30．What doctors can do is ________ people’s life.
A. save B. saving C. to save D. A or C
31．Although ________ to stop, he kept on working.
A. tell B. told C. was told D. having told
32．Ask him to take you home ________ possible.
A. at B. while C. if D. if they
33．The English book for kids is the best of its kind ________.
A. that has ever been made B. ever made
C. ever been made D. has ever been made
34．—Will Susan win the Nobel Prize this time
—It is likely that she ________.
A. will B. does C. will do D. wins it
35．I prefer the climate of Kunming to ________ of Wuhan.
A. it B. one C. this D. that
36．—Mr. Black has just arrived.
—Really ________. He didn’t accept our invitation.
A. I can’t imagine it B. 1 don’t think so
C. I hope so D. I don’t believe him
37．They live on a busy main road. ________ must be very noisy.
A. There B. It C. That D. They
38．We don’t go to the cinema as much as ________.
A. we used to go B. we used to do
C. used to D. we used to
39．Canada has a large area than ________ China.
A. that of B. the one of
C. it of D. /
40．________, I’ll have a letter sent to your company.
A. If necessary B. If it were necessary
C. As I’m necessary D. Unless it is necessary
41．—Shall I invite Mike to my party
—Yes, it will be nice if you ________.
A. invited B. do invite
C. are D. invite
42．—Have you been here long
— ________.
A. No, not very B. Not much
C. Yes, only little D. No, only yesterday
43．—Do you follow me
—Yes, ________.
A. it is good B. I will
C. perfectly D. very good
44．Look out for cars ________ the street.
A. when crossed B. when crossing
C. if you crossed D. while you are crossing
45．She worked very hard ________ still rather poor in health.
A. though she B. although she
C. though D. although was
46．—Is the stamp very unusual
— ________.
A. Yes, very much B. Yes, it is so
C. Yes, very D. Yes, not very
47．—Can you climb that tree, my boy
— ________
A. I B. Mine
C. Myself D. Me
48．—Will you waste your time and money on that
—Certainly ________.
A. will not B. no
C. it D. not
49．—What happened to the boy He’s making so much noise.
—He wanted to play football, but his mother warned him ________.
A. not B. to
C. not to D. 不填
50．—Shall I wake you up tomorrow morning
—Yes, ________.
A. please do B. you shall
C. you will D. you may
51．You have three children, but I have only two ________.
A. one B. ones
C. / D. child
52．—Mary said the lecture was boring.
—Yes, I said ________.
A. so B. this
C. the kind D. the same
53．—Alice, why didn’t you do it the day before
—I ________, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would
C. was going to D. does
54．—Do you need a new tie to go with your new suit, Mr. Smith
—No. ________.
A. I’m having plenty of ties
B. I have lots of ties to do it
C. I think I have several that will do
D. There are lots of ties to do it
55．—Are you a film star
— ________.
A. Yes, I was B. I used to be
C. I used to D. I’m used to
56．—I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat
—Not at all. ________.
A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not
C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to
57．—I’m going to dig it up.
—What ________
A. with B. by C. at D. from
58．Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl did not dare ________ in her room.
A. sleeping B. to sleeping
C. sleep D. slept
59．—They have done a good job.
— ________. Let’s go to congratulate them.
A. So they have done B. So they have
C. So have they D. So is it
60．He smokes a lot. Does his father ________
A. smoke so B. smoke that
C. do so D. did that
参考答案
1~5 DBABD 6~10 BABAB
11~15 DBACD 16~20 BBDCD
21~25 BCABC 26~30 DABBD
31~35 BCBAD 36~40 ABDDA
41~45 AACBC 46~50 CDDCA
51~55 CDCCB 56~60 DACBC
【解析】
1．根据上下文，空白处为he wanted to see之省略。
2．one在这里代替moment，以避免重复。
5．此处既可不填直接用形容词最高级表示替代，也可在其后加一个one表替代。
6．此处用none表示第二套房没有车库之类的设施；而nothing表示什么也没有，显然语意不合。
7．现在完成时否定式的省略回答。
10．hope to pass the test之省略。
11．根据下文的回答用I’m afraid so表示“恐怕如此”之意。
12．if you are happy的省略。
13．Is it my turn（=mine）to be on duty today 的省略。
18．当主语部分中含有do这个动词时，不定式作表语可省掉to，也可不省。
19．I had to take a taxi的省略。
20．I did do it表示“我确实做了”。
25．所做的回答要能替换What在句中所起的作用。
27．make sb. do sth. 在主动语态中do前没有to，但如果变成被动语态则必须加to。
29．这里的can’t help是“不能帮忙（做某事）”的意思，所以跟带to或不带to的原形动词；如果can’t help是“禁不住；情不自禁”之意，则后跟动词的-ing形式。
32．if it is possible的省略。
58．dare用作实义动词时，在否定句中，其后的不定式符号to可以省略。