高考单选英语陷阱－词义误解型
有许多所谓的陷阱题，倒不是因为句子结构有多么复杂，用词多么生僻，而是因为其中有个别词（尤其是其中的关键词）的词义很容易误解，或是同学们对此平时没引起足够的重视，对这类词理解不准，在运用时其词义在脑海中模棱两可，从而导致做题失误。下面请看几道实例：
?1. Mr. Black, who is a _____, is now in love with Miss Smith, who is a _____.
A. cooker, typewriter B. cook, typist? C. cooker, typist D. cook, typewriter?汉语中的“厨师”，说成英语是cook，还是cooker 汉语说“打字员”，说成英语是typist，还是typewriter 你若分不清，此题将无法做对。?
2.They decided to _____ their new product on TV.?
A. advertise B. advertise on C. advertise for D. advertise to? D. advertise
是及物动词还是不及物动词？或者既可用做及物动词也可用做不及物动词，只是含义不同？要表示为某物打广告以便将其卖出，其英语表达是advertise sth，还是advertise for sth？这个介词for该不该用？或者用与不用有什么区别？?
3. I _____ him not to go abroad, but he wouldn't listen.?
A. persuaded B. tried to persuade C. have persuaded D. was persuaded
?persuade的真正意思是“说服”，还是“设法说服”？换句话说，它是表示“说服”的过程，还是表示“说服”的结果？?你想知道以上问题的答案吗？请听下文分解。
1. cooker是“厨师”、typewriter是“打字员”吗 Mr. Black, who is a_____, is now in love with Miss Smith, who is a ______.?A. cooker, typewriter B. cook, typist C. cooker, typist D. cook, typewriter 此题正确答案为B，但容易误选A，许多同学想当然地认为：cook用做动词，表示“煮饭”，所以cooker应是其相应的名词，表示“煮饭的人”，即“厨师”；type用做动词，表示“打字”，所以typewriter应表示“打字员”。而事实是：cook =厨师，cooker =炊具；typist =打字员，typewriter =打字机。比较：?The cook bought a new cooker.这个厨师买了件新炊具。?The typist bought a new typewriter.这个打字员买了台新打字机。
2. twin是指“双胞胎”还是指“双胞胎之一”
These ______ much alike that I can't tell which is which.?
A. twin looks B. twins look? C. twin look D. twins looks ?
此题容易误选C，误认为twin的意思是“双胞胎”，指两个，表复数意义。其实，此题的正确答案为B，twin的意思是“孪生子之一”或“双胞胎之一”，英文解释为either of two children born of the same mother at the same time，即它指的是两者中的一个，而不是两个，要表示双胞胎，要用复数twins。类似地，parent的意思是“父（母）亲，父亲或母亲”，其英文解释是the father or mother of a person or animal。要表示“父母双亲”，要用复数parents。如：?Where are your parents 你父母在哪儿？?Denise and Martin have recently become parents.丹尼斯和马丁最近当爸爸妈妈了。?Being a parent can be hard work.为人父母是件很辛苦的事。?To have good children one must be a good parent.要想培育出好的孩子，自己必须要是好的父母。
3.是advertise sth还是advertise for sth
If you want to sell your product you must _____ it.
A. advertise B. advertise for C. advertise on D. advertise to ?
此题正确答案为A，但容易误选B，认为advertise的意思是“做广告”，advertise for的意思是“为……做广告”。事实上，advertise可用做及物和不及物动词，及物时，其意为“为……做广告”、“登广告宣传”；不及物时，其意为“做广告”、“登广告”，此时通常后接介词for，表示“做广告征求”。比较：?advertise for sth (sb)广告征求或寻找某物或某人
(此时advertise不及物)?advertise sth为……登广告，登广告宣传……(此时advertise是及物动词，其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语)?He advertised for a new secretary.他登广告招聘一名新秘书。?People advertise things that they wish to sell.人们为要卖的东西登广告。?
再比较：advertise jobs登广告招人，advertise for jobs登广告求职
(1) We must _____ the people heart and soul.
A. serve B. serve for C. serve to D. serve on?
答案选A，serve意为“为……服务”，可直接用做及物动词，其后不能按汉语意思误加介词for。?
(2) I _____ you yesterday, but you weren't in.
A. rang B. rang to C. rang with D. rang to?
答案选A，ring可以用做及物动词，表示“给……打电话”，故其后不用介词。?
(3) How can I _____ you
A. contact B. contact with C. contact to D. contact for?
答案选A，contact为及物动词，表示“与……联系”，其后不接介词。
4. choose后介词from可以省略吗
There are five pairs, but I'm at a loss which _____ to buy.?
A. to be chosen B. to choose from? C. to choose D. for choosing
此题容易误选C，其实应选B。choose表示“选择”，其实是指“选择出来”(pick out)，而不是指“从……选择”，要表示后者的意思，要用choose from，有时也用choose among。同样地，下面两例中的介词from也不可省略：?
Here are some books for you to choose from.
这些书可供你选择。?
There are too many cakes to choose from.
蛋糕太多了，不知要选哪个好。?
比较：
He didn't know what to choose.他不知道选什么。?
He didn't know what to choose from.他不知道从哪儿去选。
5.这个when是表示“当……的时候”吗
They kept trying _____ they must have known it was hopeless.?
A. if B. because? C. when D. where ?
此题最佳答案为C，when在此的意思不是“当……的时候”，而是“尽管”、“虽然”的意思。又如：He walks when he might take a taxi.尽管他可以坐出租车，但他却走路。?He stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time.尽管他本来下次就可以成功的了，但他却停止努力了。?The boy was restless when he should have listened to the teacher carefully.这男孩子本来应该专心听老师讲的，但他却坐立不安。?
有许多同学只知道when表示“当……的时候”，而不知道它还有其他许多意思，除上面提到的表示“尽管”、“虽然”外，when还可表示“既然”、“考虑到”。如：Why do you want a new job when you've got such a good one already 既然你有了这么好的一份工作，你为什么还要找新的工作呢？
6. persuade是“说服”还是“设法说服”?
I _____ him not to go abroad, but he wouldn't listen.?
A. persuaded B. tried to persuade?
C. have persuaded D. was persuaded ?
此题正确答案为B，但容易误选A。persuade的真正意思是“说服”，而不是“设法说服”，要表示后者的意思英语应用try to persuade (当然也可用其他词，如advise等)。类似地：kill的意思是“杀死”，不表示“设法杀死”，要表示后者的意思英语用try to kill；prevent 的意思是“阻止”，不表示“设法阻止”，要表示后者的意思英语用try to prevent等等。
(4) “What did he ask you ” “_____ I would be late.”
A. That B. When C. Where D. Whether?
此题选D，为He asked me whether I would be late.之省略。
3. If not, not作何解
If the weather is fine, we'll go. If _____, _____.
A. not, not B. no, no C. not, no D. no, not?
此题应选A。If not, not.为If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go.之省略，全句意为“如果天气好,我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去”。该句的特点是：后句与前句的用词和句式完全相同,只是前句为肯定，后句为否定，为了简洁起见,于是将后句与前句相同部分省略，只保留否定词not。
If it is cheap, I'll buy it. If not, not.如果这东西便宜，我就买；如果不便宜，我就不买。?If you study hard, you'll succeed. If not, not.你若努力，你就会成功；你若不努力，你就不会成功。
If you start at once, you'll catch the train. If not, not.你若马上动身，你就会赶上火车；你若不马上动身，你就赶不上火车了。?请再看以下例子(只保留否定词not)。如：?
“Can you repair it yourself ” “I am afraid not.”“你自己会修吗 ”“恐怕不行。”(I'm afraid not.为I am afraid I can't repair it myself.之省略，注意不能说I'm not afraid，后者的意思是“我不怕”)?“Did you know anything about it ” “Not until you told me.”“这事你以前知道吗 ”“你告诉我才知道。”(Not until you told me.为I didn't know anything about it until you told me.之省略)?“Will it rain today ” “I hope not.”“今天会下雨吗 ”“希望不会。”(I hope not.为I hope it will not rain today.之省略)
4.这个答语省略了什么
“She's not a dancing teacher, is she ” “_____.”
A. Yes, and she isn't B. Yes, but she was
C. No, but she isn't D. No, but she was ?
此题最佳答案为D，可视为No, she isn't. But she was a dancing teacher.之省略，即其意为“她现在不是舞蹈教师，但她过去是”。此题也可以这样回答：No, but she used to be.
5.请补出此句省略的if从句?
She's too thin. She ____ gain some weight but she _____ too little.?
A. would, ate B. will, eats ?C. would, eats D. will, ate ?
此题有些难度，许多同学不知如何分析。我们先根据题目所提供的选项将句意大致概括出来：她太瘦了。她会增加体重的，但她吃得太少了。根据句首She's too thin这一所给信息可知，“她瘦”应是客观事实。按照一般的常识，“吃得少”就会导致“瘦”，“吃得多”就会导致“胖”，根据句首的信息，“她瘦”是客观事实，所以她“吃得少”也应是事实，因此第二空应填eats(即用一般现在时表示现在的事实)。根据上面的分析：“她瘦”和“她吃得少”均为现在的事实，那么“她体重会增加”就应是假设(注意句中的转折连词but)，所以第一空应填would，其实，此句可理解为其后省略了一个条件状语if she ate more (如果她多吃一点的话)。此题最佳答案选C。
6. 是you还是me，或是I还是you?
“I like you more than her, my dear.” “You mean more than _____love her or more than she loves _____ ”?
A. you, me B. she, you? C. I, me D. I, you
做对此题的关键是要弄清填空句是个省略句，补充完整为：You mean that you love me more than you love her or that you love me more than she loves me 句意为：“你是说你爱我胜过你爱她，还是说你爱我胜过她爱我？”所以最佳答案应选A。
7.这个I was是怎么回事?
“Alice, why didn't you come yesterday ” “I______, but I had an unexpected visitor.”?
A. had B. would? C. was going to D. did?
此题应选C，为I was going to come.之省略，意为“我本来是打算来的”，这与其后but I had an unexpected visitor的语境刚好吻合。注意不能选would，因为它没有“打算”之意。
8. until spoken to是如何省略来的?
He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _____ to.
A. spoken B. speaking ?C. speak D. be spoken
此题容易误选B，认为until是介词，后接动词时用动名词形式。其实，此题应选A，until spoken to为until he is spoken to之省略。句意为“他是个沉默寡言的人，别人不同他说话，他很少同别人说话”。按英语习惯，一些表示时间、地点、条件、方式、让步等的状语从句，若其主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语包含动词be,那么可将从句的主语和动词be省略：?
You must study hard while (you are) young, or you will regret when (you are) old.趁年轻时要努力学习，不然到老了你会后悔的。?
I won't go unless (I am) invited. 我不会去,除非请我。?
Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the streets.过马路时要注意汽车。?
While (I was) waiting I was reading some old magazines.等的时候我在看一些旧杂志。?
He worked very hard though (he was) still rather poor in health.尽管身体还不好，但他仍努力工作。?
He will work hard wherever (he is) sent by the Party.无论党把他派往哪里,他都会努力工作。
(1) If _____ carefully, the experiment will be successful.
A. do B. does C. done D. doing?
答案选C，可视为if it is carefully done之省略。?
(2) The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
答案选D，可视为once it is begun之省略。
9. If not more than是个省略结构?
In that month, he earned as much as, if ____ than, $40 000.?
A. no more B. not more? C. no much D. not much ?
此题最佳答案应是B。if not more than实际为if he didn't earn more than $40 000之省略。?
请看类似试题（答案均选B）：
(1) Her pronunciation is as good as, if ____than, her teacher's.
A. no better B. not better C. no good D. not good
(2) This church is as old as, if _____ than, that one.
A. no older B. not older C. no old D. not old
(3) He has read the book as many as, if _____ than, five times.
A. no more B. not more C. no much D. not much
13.如何理解这个not
They are different in form but _____ in meaning.
A. not B. no C. aren't D. don't ?
最佳答案选A，but not in meaning为but they are not different in meaning之省略。
(1) In the accident the child was hurt, but the mother _____.
A. killing B. to kill C. killed D. kill?
最佳答案选C，but the mother killed.为but the mother was killed之省略。?
(2) The apartment's fine for two people, but_____.
A. no more B. no any C. not more D. not any?
最佳答案选C，but not more.为but it is not fine for more than two people.之省略。
14.做对此题要结合语境和省略
“Everyone says you are a good student. You never sleep in class, do you ”
“_____.”?
A. Yes, never B. Yes, sometimes? C. No, sometimes D. Oh, really
答案选B，答句是针对You never sleep in class, do you 这一问句来回答的，Yes, sometimes.为Yes, I do. Sometimes I sleep in class.之省略，其意为“不，我上课有时睡觉”。其余几项不合语境。
“You've never been to the village, have you ”
“____. It is the most beautiful village I've ever seen.”
A. No, never B. No, I have C. No, only once D. Yes, only once?
答案选D，Yes, only once.为Yes, I have. But I've been there only once.之省略，句意为“不，我去过，但只去过一次”。注意句末的It is the most beautiful village I've ever seen.表明“我”去过那儿，所以不能选A。高考单选英语陷阱－结构误配型
有许多试题，从表面上看是甲结构，而实际是乙结构；或者命题人考查的是甲结构，而应试者却将其误认为是乙结构；或者从选项来看是甲结构，而题干考查的实际上是乙结构等等。对于这类问题，若不仔细识别，则很容易出错。下面请看几个实例：?
1. We keep in touch _____ writing often.?
A. with B. of C. on D. by?
这应该是一个比较简单的问题，你能选对吗？此题考查的是keep in touch with这个短语吗？?
2. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _____ went wrong again.?
A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired?
此题答案是选B吗？考查的是“have +名词或代词+过去分词”这个结构吗？如果是考查这个结构，你能解释理由吗？如果不是，你能说出是考查哪个结构吗？?
3. Whom would you rather _____ with you, Jim or Jack
A. have go B. have to go C. have gone D. has to go?
从选项来看，似乎选B、C、D均可以，因为have to go, have gone, has to go等本身从语法上看都是可能的，而最不可能选的就是A，因为have go这结构本身就有点怪，似乎不妥。同学们，你也这样认为吗？但其实正确答案正是A，你想知道是为什么吗？
本节搜集了一些同学们可能受结构影响而出错的典型问题，希望对大家解此类题有些帮助。
1.这里为什么要用过去分词
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____ the next year.?
A. carried out B. carrying out? C. carry out D. to carry out ?
此题结构比较复杂，语言基础较差的同学可能无法理清句子结构。正确的句子结构分析是这样的：that they would like to seethe next year是修饰名词the plan的定语从句，而在这个定语从句中，关系代词that (即指先行词the plan)用做动词see的宾语，所以定语从句的本来面目便是they would like to see the plan the next year。显然，其中的the plan与横线处的carry out有被动关系，故应填过去分词carried out，即此题正确答案为A。
2.是protect ... from还是prevent ... from
Use an umbrella to _____ you from the rain.
A. stop B. prevent C. keep D. protect
许多同学一看到题干中的from，再联系到选项中的prevent，便马上想起了prevent ... from ...这个常用搭配，于是选择了B答案。这样分析的同学，没有完全弄清prevent ... from ...的用法特点。在prevent A from B这一句式中，A和B通常具有主谓关系，如在The rain prevented us from going out (下雨使我们不能出去)中，“我们”与“出去”就具有主谓关系。而上面一题不具备此特点，此题正确答案应是D，protect ... from ...意为“保护……免受……”。下面一题也应选protect：He was wearing dark glasses to _____ his eyes from the sun. A. prevent B. Protect C. Keep D. stop?请再看一例：?
He was in great need of money, so he _____ $5, 000 for his car.
A. paid B. took C. cost D. spent?
许多同学根据pay ... for ...这一搭配推断出此题应选Ａ。但是错了，当然若单独说He paid $5 000 for the car (他付了5 000美元买这车)也没什么不妥，但问题是，本句前面有这样一句He was in great need of money (他急需要钱)，既然是“急需要钱”，又怎么还会花5 000美元去买车呢？尤其还需注意的是car前的物主代词his，这说明是为自己的车花5 000美元，不合情理。此题的正确答案是B，take在此表示“获得”，句意为“他急需要钱，把自己的车以5 000美元给卖掉了”。
3.是考查keep in touch with这一短语吗
We keep in touch _____ writing often.
A. with B. of C. on D. by
许多同学根据keep in touch with (与……保持联系)这一搭配推断出此题应选A。但是选A错了，因为套此搭配此句意思不通，正确答案应是D，by表示方式，by writing意为“通过写信”，全句意为“我们通过经常写信保持联系”。
7.这是谓语动词并列还是非谓语动词并列?
They weren't a particularly good team, but they refused to give in and _____ defeat.?
A. accept B. accepted? C. accepting D. to have accepted
此题容易误选B，误认为accepted与谓语refused并列。其实，最佳答案为A，动词accept与give并列。
?(1) Mother told Jim to watch the milk until it boiled and then _____ off the gas.
A. turn B. turning C. turned D. having turned
?答案为A，turn off the gas与 watch the milk until it boiled并列。?
(2)He just does what he pleases and never _____ about anyone else.
A. think B. thinks C. thinking D. thought?
答案选B，thinks与前面的does为并列谓语，同用一般现在时。
?(3)I don't know whether to stay in teaching or _____ another job.
A. trying getting B. to try to get C. trying to get D. try get?
答案选B，to stay in teaching与to try to get another job为两个并列的选择成分，故同用不定式。另外比较：try to do sth=设法做某事，try doing sth=做某事看看有何效果。
8.这个句子涉及两个结构
Please make my excuse at tomorrow's meeting—I've got too much work _____.?
A. to do to come B. doing coming?
C. to do coming D. doing to come ?
此题最佳答案为A，不定式to do与have got much work搭配，即have got much work to do (有许多工作要做)；不定式to come与much前的too搭配，构成too ... to ...句式，全句意为“我有太多的工作要做，不能来”。
9.此处为什么填have go而不填have to go
Whom would you rather _____ with you, Jim or Jack
A. have go B. have to go C. have gone D. has to go ?
有的同学一看选项便首先排除了A，认为have go这种结构本身就有问题。而事实上此题的正确答案正是A。?请同学们先看下面一句：?
I would rather have Jim go with me.?我宁愿要吉姆同我一道去。
句中的have为使役动词，所以其后用做宾语补足语的不定式go with me不带to。假若对此句中的Jim提问，不就成了Whom would you rather have go with you了吗？ Who did the teacheran article for the wall newspaper A. has write B. have write C. has written D. have written?此题很容易误选C或D，因为从选项本身来看，A和B的搭配结构显然不对。其实，此题的正确答案是B，此句可通过对下面一句的Jim提问得来：The teacher had Jim write an article for the wall newspaper.其中的had为使役动词，故其后用做宾语补足语的不定式短语to write ...不带to。
10.这是强调结构，但同时包括有定语从句
(1) It was in the small house _____ was built with stones by his father _____ he spent his childhood.?
A. which, that B. that, which ?C. which, which D. that, where?
答案选A。填对此句的关键是要弄清第二空必须填 that，因为这是一个强调句，被强调部分为in the small house (以及修饰它的定语从句which was built with stones by his father)；第一空填which，用以引导定语从句。(1) It was the boy had been in prison stole the money. A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which?此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是the boy以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in prison。
(2) It was just in this room _____ he was born _____ he died.
A. where, which B. that, that C. where, that D. which, that?
此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是in this room，where he was born为修饰the room的定语从句。
11.考查了两个搭配
The point is not who said the words, _____ they are true or not.?
A. but whether B. and whether? C. but how D. and how ?
答案选A。此题涉及两个搭配：一是not ... but ...（不是……而?是……?），二是whether ... or not (是否)。
He was not an actor, who often appeared on stage, _____ a writer, writing stories.
A. but B. and C. then D. so
?答案选A，主要考查not ... but ...结构。高考单选英语陷阱－词性误用型
英语和汉语不仅在遣词造句、句型搭配、习惯用法等方面有很大的差别，就是在词性方面也有很大的差别，并且这种差别有时会使同学们稍不小心就酿成错误。如：?
1. ______ he was in Japan, he visited many places.?
A. During B. Since C. While D. In?
答案是选A吗？during（在……期间）是连词吗？它能引导时间状语从句吗？?
2. I want him to go with us ______ he doesn't.?
A. even B. if C. even if D. if even?
此题能选A吗？even（即使）是连词吗？它能引导让步状语从句吗？
?3. ______ your students against or for the plan made by the teacher ?
A. Do B. Can C. Are D. Did?
against（反对）是动词吗？它可以用做谓语吗？此题的最佳答案是A吗？?
4. A _____ road goes ______ from one place to another.?
A. straight, straight B. straightly, straightly?
C. straight, straightly D. straightly, straight?
straightly是straight的副词形式吗？换句话说，修饰名词用straight，而修饰动词就用straightly吗？?
本节搜集了同学们在词性用法上容易出错的一些典型例题，希望对你们的学习有所帮。
1. during可用做连词引导从句吗
______ he was in Japan, he visited many places.
A. During B. Since C. While D. In ?
此题容易误选A，将介词during误用做连词。正确答案应为C。不过此题若改为如下形式，则应选介词during：?
his stay in Japan, he visited many places.?
A. During B. Since C. While D. In?
但是下面一例要填while，而不能填during，因为其后接的已是一个介词短语，所以不宜再用介词during，而用while，可将其视为省略句：?
______ at school, he wrote his first novel.?
A. During B. Since C. While D. In?
可视为 While (he was) at school, he wrote his first novel.之省略。
5. straightly 是 straight 的副词形式吗?
A ______ road goes ______ from one place to?another.?
A. straight, straight B. straightly, straightly?
C. straight, straightly D. straightly, straight
此题容易误选C，认为第一空是用于road前作定语，故用形容词straight(这是对的)；第二空应填副词straightly，用以修饰动词goes (这就不对了)。在现代英语中，straight既可用做形容词，也可用做副词。straightly这个副词形式在现代英语中已被废弃，许多词典均不再收录此词。所以此题最佳答案应选A。
6. close可表示“关着的”吗?
He fell down to the ground, his mouth ______ and eyes ______.?
A. open, close B. opened, closed? C. opened, close D. open, closed
?此题很容易误选A，其实应选D。open和close均可用做动词，前者表示“开”，后者表示“关”，是一对反义词，如：?
Please open your mouth.请张开嘴。?
Please close your mouth.请闭上嘴。?
但是open和close也可用做形容词，此时前者意为“开着的”，后者意为“接近的”“亲近的”等，并不表示“关着的”，要表示“关着的”，英语用closed，即用做形容词时 ,open与close不是一对反义词，而与closed才是反义词。
7. suddenly可用做连词引导从句吗
I was about to go out ______ the telephone rang.
A. when B. suddenly C. as soon as D. directly
此题很容易误选B，因为从句意看，填入suddenly后刚好符合“我正要出去，电话铃突然响了”的语境。但从句法来分析，空白处前后各为一个句子，而suddenly是副词，显然不承担起连接两个句子的作用。此题最佳答案选A，when在此用做并列连词，意为“这时（突然）”。?又如：?
We were about to start, when it rained.?我们正要开始，就下起雨来了。?
She was walking down the road when she heard someone shouting for help.她正在路上走着，突然听见有人呼救。
8. afraid可用做动词吗
Don't_____; no one will hurt you.
A. afraid B. frighten C. fear D. nervous
此题应选C，其余三项均容易误选：选A不对，因为afraid是形容词，Don't应接动词原形，若填be afraid则也可以；选B不对，因为frighten虽为动词，但它为及物动词，其意不是“害怕”，而是“使(某人)害怕”，选它不仅意思不通，而且语法也不对(因为及物动词后缺宾语)；选D也不对，因为nervous是形容词，不能紧跟在don't之后。
9. against是介词还是动词?
______ your students against or for the plan made by the teacher ?
A. Do B. Can? C. Are D. Did ?
此题正确答案是C，但很容易误选A，主要是没有意识到其后的against是介词，而不是动词。注意：有些介词、形容词、副词等，具有动作意味，不要将其误认为是动词。如：如果你不能去，就让他代你去。
?误：If you can't go, let him instead you.
?正：If you can't go, let him go instead of you.
?正：If you can't go, let him go instead.
?注：instead和instead of均含有“代替”、“取而代之”的意思，在汉语中含有动作意味，但它们却不是动词(instead是副词，instead of是介词)。
10. abroad是副词还是名词
Now some young people hope to ______ for further education.?
A. go abroad B. go to abroad? C. go to the abroad D. go the abroad
此题容易误选B或C，将abroad误认为是名词。其实abroad是副词，所以此题正确答案为A。又如：?
当心，前面有危险。?
误：Look out, there is danger in the ahead.?
正：Look out, there is danger ahead.?
析：ahead意为“在前面”，它是副词，而不是名词。
11.可用friendlily作为friendly的副词形式吗
He treated all the people around him,______he knew or he didn't know,______.
A. if, friendly B. whether, friendly?
C. if, in a friendly way D. whether, in a friendly way
此题第一空应填whether，因为它与其后的or构成whether ... or ...结构，表示“无论……还是……”，至于第二空，许多同学可能会误选friendly，认为它以ly结尾，应是副词，在此用做状语。而其实在现代英语中friendly只用做形容词，不用做副词。所以此题的最佳答案是D，而不是B。顺便说一句，下面以ly结尾的也是形容词，而不是副词：lonely(孤独的)，costly(高价的，昂贵的)，lively(有生气的，生动的)，lovely(可爱的，美
丽的，愉快的)，orderly (整齐的，守规则的)等。
He feels lonely among strangers.在陌生人中他感到孤寂。
We had a lovely weekend.我们度过了一个愉快的周末。
The car is too costly for me to buy.这汽车太贵了，我买不起。
He is a lively child and popular with everyone.他是个活泼的孩子，大家都喜他
12. lack可用做形容词吗
The boss praised the young man for his hard work, though he ____ experience.
A. is lack of B. is lacking in? C. lacks of D. is lacking of
此题答案选B，be lacking in是习语，意为“缺乏”，其后通常接experience, frankness, courage等抽象名词。选A是错误的，因为lack可用做名词和动词，但不用做形容词；选C是错误的，因为lack用做动词时，它是及物动词，其后不用介词(注：用做名词的 lack后可接介词of)；选D是错误的，因为没有be lacking of这个搭配。高考单选英语陷阱－插入隔离型
?有时一个本来很简单的句子，由于表达的需要，在其中置入一个插入成分，或将某些成分从正常位置调入一个在同学们看来属“非正常”的位置(如宾语从句前置等)，则很有可能给同学们的理解带来困难（尤其是阅读能力不是很好的同学会更感困难）。假若命题人就此命题，那就更麻烦了。请看以下几个实例：
?1. He told me the news _____, believe it or not, he had earned $1 000 in a single day.?
A. that B. which C. as D. because?
你知道句中的believe it or not是什么成分吗？你认为此题应填which吗？换句话说，填空句是一个非限制性定语从句吗？如果你正是这样认为的，那你就大错特错了。?
2. She promised _____ he had enough money she would marry him.
?A. that B. if C. that if D. if that?
此题答案应选A还是B？另外，that与if可以连用吗？若可以，是that if还是if that？其中的that可以省略吗？?
3. “Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons,_____ to go to university.” “So do I.”?
A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped?
空白处是谓语还是非谓语？该填hope(s)还是hoping 其中的working hard at his or her lessons在句中起什么作用？?
你若想知道以上问题的答案，或想知道其他更多相关问题的答案，请继续往下读。
1.注意插入成分My dear friend.
Don't you know _____, my dear friend, it is you that she loves
A. who B. which ?C. that D. what ?
此题容易误选A或B，选A者认为这是指人的，故用who；选B者认为这是非限制性定语从句，两者都是误认为这是定语从句(注意没有先行词)，其实此题应选C，that引导的是一个宾语从句（用做动词know的宾语），它只是被句中的插入语my dear friend隔开罢了。其实此句也可说成：My dear friend, don't you know that it is you that she loves
I think_____, though I could be mistaken, he liked me.
A. who B. which C. that D. what?
答案选C，句子可改写为：I think that he liked me, though I could be mistaken.即that he liked me是动词think之宾语从句。
2. believe it or not是插入成分?
He told me the news_____, believe it or not, he had earned $1 000 in a single day.?
A. that B. which? C. as D. because ?
此题容易误选B，误认为这是非限制性定语从句。其实此题应选A，that引导的是一个用以修饰名词the news的同位语从句。不少同学之所以误选B，正是believe it or not（信不信由你）这个插入成分惹的祸。
3.不妨撇开这个if not better
Jim plays football_____, if not better than, Mike.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as ?
此句的正常结构是这样的：Jim plays football as well as Mike, if he doesn't play football better than Mike.由于命题者将其后的状语从句移至句中，且将其省略成if not better than，不少同学(尤其是一些阅读能力较差的同学)对这个句子的分析感到无从下手，从而导致误选。?
此题应选B，但容易误选A。这是一个省略句,其中的 if not better than＝if he doesn't play football better than。全句意为：吉姆踢足球如果不是比迈克踢得更好,至少也是一样好。
请做以下类似试题(答案均选D)：
(1) Her pronunciation is_____, if not better than, her brother's.
A. as well B. as well as C. as good D. as good as
(2) This bridge is_____, if not stronger than, that one.
A. so strong B. as strong C. so strong as D. as strong as
(3) He has been to Paris_____, if not more than, ten times.
A. so much B. so many C. so much D. as many as
4.这个when引导的是什么从句
?The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.?
A. until B. that? C. when D. where ?
此题容易误选B，误认为that引导一个宾语从句。其实此题应选C，when引导的是一个修饰the hours的定语从句，该题的难点是定语从句与先行词the hours被分离了。
其实关系副词when引导的定语从句与先行词分离的情况在英语中并不少见，如：?
(1) The days are gone forever ______ we didn't have enough to eat.
A. since B. that C. where D. when?
答案选D。when we didn't have enough to eat修饰the days。?
(2) I believe the time will soon come ______ there will be no weapons in the world.?
A. since B. that C. where D. when?
答案选D。when there will be no weapons in the world修饰the time。
5.这个which起什么作用?
Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_____, of course, made the others unhappy.?
A. who B. which? C. this D. what ?
许多同学认为此题句子结构比较混乱，逗号太多，难于理清头绪。请同学们先看下面一句：
Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, made theothers unhappy.一般同学都知道此题应填关系代词which，用以引导一个非限制性的定语从句。事实上，上面一题就是根据此题演变而来的，只不过在which与made之间插入了一个of course。所以上面一题应选B。
(1) The meeting was put off,_____, of course, was exactly what we wanted.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
(2) He was very fond of speaking French,_____, indeed, he spoke well.
A. who B. which C. this D. what?
以上两题答案均选B，which引导的为非限制性定语从句，其后的of course和indeed为插入成分。
6.填谓语动词还是非谓语动词?
“Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons,_____ to go to university.” “So do I.”?
A. hope B. hopes? C. hoping D. hoped ?
此题应选B，句子的真正主语是each of the students，横线处填的hopes是句子谓语，其中的working hard at his or her lessons是插入句中修饰主语的非限制性定语。
(1) Each of the students, hoping to pass the exam, _____the book.
A. buying B. having bought C. should buy D. to buy?
答案选C，each of the students是句子主语，横线处为句子谓语，hoping to pass the exam是修饰句子主语的非限制性定语。?
(2) Many countries, for example, Mexico and Japan, _____a lot of earthquakes.
A. have B. having C. to have D. having had?
答案选A，many countries是句子主语，横线处为句子谓语。
7.这个do you suppose是插入成分吗?
“I haven't heard from Henry for a long time.” “What do you suppose_____ to him ”?
A. was happening B. to happen? C. has happened D. had happened ?
此题容易误选B，认为动词suppose后接动词用不定式。正确答案应是C，其中的do you suppose是插入成分。
请看以下类例情形（答案均选D）：
(1) Who do you think _____the money
A. to steal B. stealing C. to have stolen D. stole
(2) What do you suppose _____ him think so
A. to make B. making C. to have made D. made
(3) Who do you guess _____ to the station to meet her
A. to go B. going C. to have gone D. went
(4) What do you imagine _____ him from going
A. to prevent B. preventing C. to have prevented D. prevented
以下各例中的do you think (believe, guess, etc)也是插入成分，但其后接的句子用陈述句语序：?
Who do you think he will marry 你认为他会同谁结婚？?What do you think we should give her 你认为我们该给她点什么呢？?When do you believe he will come 你认为他会什么时候来？?What do you guess he wants to buy 你猜他想买什么呢？
8.这个to是怎么回事?
She looks forward every spring to _____ the flower-lined garden.?
A. visit B. paying a visit? C. walk in D. walking in ?
此题考查的关键是短语look forward to (盼望)，其中的to是介词，不是不定式符号。由于句中插入了every spring 这一状语，使得look forward与介词to分离，从而使许多同学误选。?
有了以上分析，我们知道，横线前的to是介词，所以后接动词用动名词，应选B或D，由于pay a visit后不能带宾语（比较：pay a visit to后可带宾语），所以只能选D。
9.不要受however的干扰?
An awful accident, however, _____occur the other day.?
A. does B. did? C. has to D. had to
此题正确答案应选B，句末的the other day意为“前几天”，所以句子应用过去时态，而选项D填进去不合题意，故选B。此句有两个难点：一是句中插有however一词，分散了同学们的注意力；二是所填选项B为许多同学所不熟悉的强调用法。
(1) Your mother, however, ____ say that to us that day.
A. does B. did C. is doing D. was doing
(2) Our math teacher, however, _____ speak English well.
A. doing B. does C. is doing D. was doing
?以上两题答案均选B，其中的does, did均为强调用法。
10.这是强调句型
It was lack of money, not of effort, _____ defeated their plan.?
A. which B. as? C. that D. what
此题容易误选A，受横线前逗号的影响，误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句，从而误选了A。其实，此题最佳答案为C，整个句子为It was ... that ...强调句，被强调成分为lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入not of effort这一结构，干扰了许多同学对it was lack of money that defeated their plan这一强调句的认识和理解。
11.不要受这个“sir”的影响
Would you care to wait here, sir, _____ the manager can see you
A. when B. since? C. until D. While高考单选英语陷阱－思维定势型
?所谓思维定势，指的就是人们的一种思维倾向，它是人们在长期的思维过程中所形成的一种思维条件反射。
?英语学习中的思维定势，对于同学们有利也有弊。其利在于：它可以帮助同学们利用以前所学知识迅速联系所接触的语言现象，从而解决具体的语言实际问题；其弊在于，有时它会误导同学们对于一些比较特殊的句子或语言现象,想当然地套用已形成的思维定势，从而得出错误的结论。
?事实说明，各级各类考试的命题者常常利用考生思维定势这一特点,有意编拟一些比较特殊的句子或结构来测试考生对某一知识点的灵活处理技巧和深层理解能力。比如：?同学们都知道，像can, may, must, could, might, should等情态动词，其后要接动词原形（即不带to的不定式），但是请看以下试题，这些情态动词后要用动词原形吗？
1. He ran as fast as he could _____ the bus.
?A. catch B. to catch C. catching D. caught?
此题答案选A吗？错了，正确答案为B。你知道为什么吗？
?2. He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the bus.?
A. hope B. to hope C. hoping D. hoped
此题答案选A还是B？你若选A，错了；于是你就选B，同样也错了。此题最佳答案是C。你觉得奇怪吗？为什么前一句的He ran as fast as he could后接带to不定式to catch，而后一句的He ran as fast as he could后要接现在分词hoping呢？
?你想弄懂以上问题吗？你还想做做类似的一些陷阱题吗？请往下看。
1.这个such...that中的that引导的是结果状语从句吗
Mr. Smith is _____ a good teacher _____ we all respect.
?A. such, that B. such, as? C. so, that D. so, as
?此题容易误选A，一方面是因为such ... that ...是同学们很熟悉的一个句式，一看就可能选中了；另一方面，将such ... that ...的意思“如此……以至……”代入句中，也完全通顺，即“史密斯先生是一位如此优秀的教师，以至我们大家都尊敬他”。从表面上看，以上分析很有道理，但其实错了。因为在such ... that ...结构中，that引导的是结果状语从句，并且that在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入such ... that ...，句末的respect显然缺少宾语(注意：respect是及物动词)。正确的答案应是B，as用做关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词teacher，同时as在定语从句中用做动词respect的宾语，句意为“史密斯先生是我们大家都尊敬的一位好老师”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的that视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到such的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词as来引导，而不用that。
顺便说一句，假若在原句的respect后加上him一词，则应选A，即He is such a good teacher that we all respect him，他是如此好的一位老师，我们大家都尊敬他。
2. can't help后一定要接动名词吗
She can't help _____ the house because she's busy making a cake.
A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned
此题容易误选B，简单地套用can't help doing sth这一结构。其实此题应选A，注意以下两个结构均可用，但是含义不同：can't help doing sth =禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事；can't help to do sth =不能帮助做某事。前者为引申用法，一般辞书均将其作为固定搭配列出来，许多老师对此也比较强调，从而就使同学们形成了思维定势；而后者为help表示“帮助”时的本义用法，因同学们平时对此不大注意，一看到上面的试题马上就联想到can't help doing sth这一结构，从而误选了B。
While shopping, people sometimes can't help _____ into buying something they don't really need.
A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
此题应选C，句中的can't help意为“禁不住”（注意根据句意用被动形式）。
3.该选whoever还是anyone
_____ with the right knowledge can give first aid.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Who ever
此题容易误选B，主要受以下这类句子的影响而形成思维定势：?Whoever says that is lying.谁那样说，谁就是在说谎。?Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.违反本法者应予以罚款。?Whoever comes first can get a ticket free.谁先来谁就可以免费得到一张票。 以上各例中的whoever引导的均为主语从句，它们均可换成anyone who，但不能换成anyone。上面的试题从表面上看，与以上各例很相似，其实有本质的不同，即with the right knowledge中没有谓语动词，所以我们不能选whoever。此题的正确答案为C，anyone为句子主语，with the right knowledge为修饰anyone的定语。
(1) _____ with a good education can apply for the job.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Who ever
(2) _____ has a good education can apply for the job.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Who ever
(3) _____ having a good education can apply for the job.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Who ever
(4) _____ seen smoking here will be fined.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Who ever
(5) _____ is seen smoking here will be fined.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Who ever
(6) _____ smoking here will be fined.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Who ever
(7) _____ smokes here will be fined.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Who ever
第(1)题选C，介词短语with a good education为修饰anyone的定语；第(2)题选B，whoever has a good education为主语从句；第(3)题选C，现在分词短语having a good education为修饰anyone的定语；第(4)题选C，过去分词短语seen smoking here为修饰anyone的定语(可视为anyone who is seen smoking here之省略)；第(5)题选B，whoever is seen smoking here为主语从句；第(6)题选C，现在分词短语smoking here为修饰anyone的定语；第(7)题选B，whoever smokes here为主语从句。
4. devote...to与prevent...from?
He made up his mind to devote his life _____ pollution _____ happily.
A. to prevent, to live B. to prevent, from living
?C. to preventing, to live D. to preventing, from living ?
此题容易误选B，认为第一空应填to prevent(即认为其中的to为不定式符号)，第二空应填from living，因为prevent ... from doing sth是一个常用句型。其实错了，正确的答案是C。第一空涉及的结构是devote ... to ... (把……奉献给……)，其中的to是介词，而不是不定式符号；第二空从表面上看涉及的是prevent ... from ...结构，但其实不是。因为在prevent sb/sth from doing sth阻止某人/某事做某事)这一句型中，prevent后的宾语(sb/sth)应与其后动名词有逻辑上的主谓关系，如：We can't prevent him from leaving. (我们无法阻止他离开)，此句中“他”与“离开”有逻辑上的主谓关系(即“他离开”)。而上面例句中的“污染”与“生活愉快”没有逻辑上的主谓关系，所以不适宜用prevent ... from ...结构。选项C中的不定式to live happily在句中用做目的状语。
5.是around which还是around where
Is there a shop around _____ we can buy some toilet articles ?
A. that B. which ?C. where D. what
此题很容易误选B，认为around是介词，选which用以代替前面的名词shop，在此用做介词around的宾语。此分析语法上并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个商店，在它的附近我们可以买到梳妆用品。这样的句意显然不合事理，因为人们通常总是在商店里面买东西，而不是在商店附近买东西。其实此题的最佳选项应是C，其中的around是副词(意为“在附近”)，而不是介词，其后where引导的定语从句修饰其前的地点名词shop，句意为：附近有没有我们可以买到梳妆用品的商店？
6.这是现在分词表结果吗
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
许多同学一看到题干中的逗号，便断定此题应选C，属现在分词表结果的用法。其实此题应选B，句中的逗号相当于连词and或but，not to make it more difficult是对逗号前的不定式to make life easier的补充说明。全句句意为“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易，不是使生活变得更困难”。两个不定式虽在句中用做表语，但它们是用以说明句子主语purpose的内容的。
(1) The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _____ work for young people.
A. provide B. to provide C. providing D. provided
(2) The purpose of the scheme _____ the employers but to provide work for young people.
A. is not to help B. does not help C. is not help D. is not helping?
第(1)题选B，第(2)题选A，注意两句中的not ... but ...结构，它连接两个平行的不定式结构。
7.是after which还是after what
After ____ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
A. which B. it? C. what D. that
此题应选C，其余三项都很容易误选。误选A，认为介词后应接关系代词which（但是，若填关系代词，其前没有先行词）；B或D也不能选择，因为介词后可接what引导的宾语从句，但通常不能跟that引导的宾语从句或没有引导词的从句。另一方面，引导名词性从句的that也不能充当句子成分(句中的seemed缺主语)。选C，what引导的是宾语从句，用做介词after的宾语，其中的what可理解为some time that。
8. pay attention to后可直接跟that从句吗
The judge paid no attention to _____ he had just lost his wife.?
A. that B. which C. what D. the fact that ?
此题容易误选A或B：选A，认为to后应接一个that引导的宾语从句；选B，认为其后是一个定语从句，介词后应用关系代词which。其实此题应选。注意不能选A的原因是，在通常情况下，介词后不能直接跟that从句(极个别介词如except, but等除外)，遇此情况，应在that从句前加上 the fact（此时the fact用做介词宾语，其后that从句用做the fact的同位语）。
We all knew nothing about _____ he was a thief.
A. that B. which C. what D. the fact that
答案为D。
9.是will they还是they will
“When _____ get married ”
“When _____ get married hasn't been made public.”?
A. they will, will they B. will they, they will
C. they will, they will D. will they, will they
此题容易误选D，认为when后应用疑问句语序。其实此题应选B，第二个when是用以引导主语从句的连接副词，其后要用陈述句语序。?又如：?“When will he leave ” “When he will leave is not decided.”?“他什么时候离开？”?“他什么时候离开还没有定。”?“Where shall we go to work ” “Where we shall go to work is not known.”?“我们要去什么地方工作？” “我们要去什么地方工作现在还不知道。”
10. ...ran as fast as he could后接动词的什么形式
That day Mr. Smith got up late, so he ran as fast as he could _____ the early bus.
A. catch B. to catch? C. catching D. caught?
此题容易误选A，认为情态动词后只能接动词原形。但是，错了，正确的答案是B。其实情态动词could后本来有动词原形run，只是被省略了，即此句的完整形式应是...so he ran as fast as he could run to catch the early bus，其中的不定式to catch the early bus为目的状语。
(1) My parents did what they could _____ my aunt and uncle.
A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped
(2) He read what he could _____ his knowledge.
A. widen B. to widen C. widening D. widened
以上两题均选B，即选不定式，且此不定式为目的状语。但是，同学们若据此形成思维定势，也会落入陷阱。为此，请再看两题：
(1) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the bus.
A. hope B. to hope C. hoping D. hoped?
此题的最佳答案不是B，而是C，其中的现在分词短语hoping to catch the bus用做伴随状语，即一边跑一边希望能赶上汽车。但是，如果选B，将to hope to catch the bus视为目的状语行不行呢？不行。因为“他拼命地跑”目的是“为了赶上公共汽车”，而不是“为了希望赶上公共汽车”，换句话说，将“希望”作为“目的”不妥。因为同样的原因，下面一题也应选hoping：?
He studied as hard as he could _____ to enter a good college.
A. hope B. to hope C. hoping D. hoped
(2) He spent every minute he could _____foreign languages.
A. study B. to study C. studying D. studied?
此题也应选C，但是，它与上面选现在分词hoping表伴随有所不同，此题的studying 其实与其前的动词spend有关，即套用的是“spend +时间或金钱+ (in) doing sth”这一句型。
11.填as还是填it
_____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.?
A. It B. As? C. That D. What
此题很容易误选A，认为此处应填一个形式主语，况且It is (well) known to ...也是一个常用句型，读起来也很上口，但是选A错了。同学们仔细想想看，假若选A，横线处填一个形式主语(it)，那么其后就应有一个真正的主语，但事实上没有。但是若将句中的逗号改成that，则只能选A，因为这样一来，that便成为一个引导主语从句的引导词。此题的最佳答案是B，as引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，可置于主句前(常译为“正如”)或主句后(常译为“这一点”)，句意为“正如大家所知，月球每月绕地球转一周”。
12. 这里用that is why 还是which is why
He is always really rude, _____ is why people tend to avoid him.
A. that B. it? C. this D . which ?
此题容易误选 A，因为 that's why ... 是一个常用表达，同学们极易受此影响而选错，
当然若此句的横线前有连词 and 或将其前的逗号改为分号，则完全可选that（分别构成并
列
句和两个独立的简单句）。此题的最佳答案是 D，句子后半部分为一个非限制性定语从句，
which 指 He is always really rude。 另外请比较以下两题（注意连词的有无）。
(1) He had a lot of friends, none of _____ could lend him any money.
A. whom B. them C. which D. who
(2) He had a lot of friends, but none of _____ could lend him any money.
A. whom B. them C. which D. who
第(1)题选A，none of whom could ... 为非限制性定语从句；第(2)题选B，由于句中有并列连词 but，整个句子为并列句，因此选them。
13. 这里该用none of them 还是none of which
He wrote a lot of novels, none of _____ translated into a foreign language.?
A. them B. which ? C . it D. what ?
同学们看了上面一题的分析后，也许会毫不犹豫地认为此题应选 B，理由是none前没有并
列连词 and 或 but，但这次又错了。此题的最佳选项应是A，注意此句与上面一句有着本
质的不同，即此句的 translated 不是谓语，而是一个非谓语动词（过去分词），所以逗号
后面其实不是一个完整的句子，而是一个独立结构。假若在 translated 前加一个助动词 w
as，则此题应选(which)，构成一个非限制性定语从句。所以做这类题要特别小心，千万
不要想当然，更不要受思维定势的影响。
(1) I met several people there, two of _____ were foreigners.
A. whom B. them C. who D. which
(2) I met several people there, two of _____ being foreigners.
A. whom B. them C. who D. which?
第(1)题选A，two of whom were foreigners 为非限制性定语从句；第(2)题选B，two of them being foreigners 不是一个完整的句子，因为句子没有谓语，而只有非谓语动词 being。
14. 这个定语从句用that引导还是用when来引导
He said he would never forget the day _____ he spent with his girlfriend in the country.?
A. that B. when ? C. how D. where ?
此题容易误选 B，有不少学生总是机械地认为：
时间名词后用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词 where。其实时间名词和地点名词后既可能用关系副词也可能用关系代词，主要看它们在定语从句中充当什么句子成分，原则上可归纳为：作主语或宾语，用关系代词；作状语，用关系副词。此题从句中的 spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词(that)，而不能用关系副词，即此题应选 A。
(1) This is the factory _____ I worked 10 years ago.
A. where B. that C. what D. why
(2) This is the factory _____ I worked in 10 years ago.
A. where B. that C. what D. why?
第(1)题选A，work 为不及物动词，where 在定语从句中用做地点状语；第(2)题选B，虽然动词 work 不及物，但是 work in 却是及物的，that 在定语从句中用做介词 in 的宾语。
15. 这里用 in which case 还是用 in whose case
She may have missed the train, in _____ case she won't arrive for another hour.?
A. whose B. that? C. which D. what ?
此题容易误选 A，因为不少同学认为在定语从句中能用做定语的关系代词的只有 whose。其实除 whose 可用做定语外，which 也可用做定语，只是含义上有差别：在此情况下，whose 的意思相当于one's，而 which 的意思则相当于 that 或 this。比较：?
(1) This is Mary, whose ［= and her］ father we met last week.?
(2) Call again at 11, by which time ［= and by that time］ the meeting should be over.?
注：若15题中的逗号前有连词 and，则可选 B(that)。
16. which可用于指人吗
Mr. Smith is a painter, _____ I should also like to be.?
A. that B. which? C. who D. it ?
此题很容易误选C，因为许多同学认为指人时总是用who，不能用which，选项A(that)虽然也能指人，但这是非限制性定语从句，也不能用。其实此题应选B(which)，因为这里的which其实指的不是具体的某个人，而是指一个人的特征或属性，此时不能用who。又如：Sophia was dressed like an actress, which she was not.苏菲亚的穿着像个演员，实际她不是。He is hardly the man which we thought him to be.他几乎不是我们原来想要他成为的那种人。
17.“看书”一定要用read吗
According to the rules, students must not _____ their books during examinations.?
A. read B. watch ?C. notice D. look at
?此题容易误选A，因为许多同学牢牢地记住了：看书看报用read，看电视用watch，看电影用see，看比赛用watch，看黑板用look at，等等。以上说法并没有错，但问题是，以上句子有其特殊性。一般说来，汉语的“看书”至少有两层意思，一是指阅读性地看书，即看书＝读书，此时通常用动词read；另一种看书则不是指阅读性地看书，而只是大概地翻一翻或看一看，比如看看书的封面、定价、内容提要等，或者回答问题时看看书的某些章节或字句以及考试时偷看书本等等，此时通常都不宜用动词read，而应根据情况选用其他动词(如look at)。又如：?
Let me have a look at the book.让我看看或翻翻这本书。
Please answer my questions without looking at your books.请不看书回答我的问题。
18. 涉及every和each的主谓一致
Every boy and girl _____ the book and they each _____ to buy one.?
A. like, want B. likes, wants? C. likes, want D. like, wants
?
此题容易误选D，认为前面一空要用复数动词，因为它的主语是boy and girl，是复数；而第二空则应用单数动词，因为其前有each表示“每一个”。而事实上，恰恰相反，此题应选C。因为按英语习惯，every后接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语要用单数，即第一空应填likes；而第二空要填复数动词want，因为其前的主语是they而不是each（each为主语同位语）。
19.是English还是the English
_____ is his favorite subject, but he doesn't know _____ for “gongzuo”.?
A. English, English B. The English, the English
C. English, the English D. The English, English ?
此题容易误选A，认为表示语言的名词前是不用冠词的。的确，英语中表示语言或表示学科的语言名词前习惯上不加冠词，但是它若表示语言中的对应词语时，则其前习惯上要用定冠词，又如：What's the Chinese for “work”(work用汉语怎么说)？因此最佳答案为C。另外，在the English language, the French language这类带有language的表达中也通常要用冠词。语言名词前习惯上不用物主代词，所以“谁教你们的英语”不能译为：
Who teaches your English 而应译为：Who teaches you English (此句teach后接的 you和English为双宾语)但是，当表示语言的名词表示某人使用语言的能力和水平时，则可用物主代词，如可说My English is very poor。
20.是than any country还是than any other country
Canada is larger than _____ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
同学们大都比较熟悉下列句型(其中的other不可省略)：?He is clever than any other student in his class.他比班上其他学生要聪明。?
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.上海比中国其他城市要大。?
于是许多同学便将than any other作为一个短语记了下来。但是上面一题有所不同。这类句型到底该不该加other，主要应看所谈论的对象是否在比较的范围之内：若在范围之内，则用other (以排除自己与自己比较)；若不在范围之内，则不用other。比较下面一题：?
China is larger than _____ country in Asia.?
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
此题应选B，因为China在Asia的范围之内。假若选A，则表示“中国比亚洲的任何国家都大”，而中国本身也是亚洲国家，由此则得出“中国比中国大”的荒谬结论。而选B，则表示“中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大”，这才合乎事实。
21.是remind sb of doing sth还是remind sb to do sth
Remind him _____ the window when he leaves.?
A. of closing B. closing ?C. to close D. close ?
受remind sb of (doing) sth结构的影响此题容易误选A。比较以下三个结构：remind sb of sth =使某人想起某事?remind sb of doing sth =提醒某人做过某事（暗示动作已发生）?remind sb to do sth =提醒某人去做某事（暗示动作尚未发生）
请看两个例句：
I'm too busy these days. Please remind me to attend the meeting on Friday. 这几天我很忙，请提醒我星期五去开会。
I was going to see the film, but he reminded me of seeing it before.我本来打算去看这部电影的，但是他提醒我说我以前看过。（此句也可说成：...but he reminded me that I had seen it before.）
结合句意和以上分析，21题最佳答案为C。
22. 是be interested to do sth还是be interested in doing sth
You are right, we are not interested _____ to stories, but now we'd be interested _____ your story.?
A. in listening, in hearing B. to listen, to hear
C. in listening, to hear D. to listen, in hearing
此题容易误选A，因为 be interested in 是大家很熟悉的结构，in 是介词，其后接动词自然应用动名词。但是，从句意来看，此题的最佳答案应是C。为此请注意以下区别：be interested in doing sth =对做某事感兴趣（指一般性的动作）?be interested to do sth = 很有兴趣做某事，很想做某事（指尚未发生的动作）?如：He is interested in listening to stories. 他对听故事很感兴趣。We'd be interested to hear your story. 我们很想听听你的故事。
请看一个类似的例子：
be keen on doing sth = 热衷于做某事（指一般性的动作）
be keen to do sth = 渴望做某事（指尚未发生的动作）
He is keen on playing tennis. 他很喜欢打网球。
I can't drive yet, but I'm keen to learn. 我还不会开车，但我很想学。
但是，以上用法是不可以随便推而广之的，因为并不是所有的“be + 形
容词”都可同时接不定式或“介词 + 动名词”的。如：?(1) 要表示“喜欢做某事”，英语可用 be fond of doing sth，但不用 be fond to do sth。?
(2) 要表示“忙于做某事”，英语可用 be busy in doing sth，但不用 be busy to do sth。?
(3) 要表示“厌烦做某事”，英语可用 be tired of doing sth，但不用 be tired to do sth。?
(4) 要表示“做某事做迟了”，英语可用 be late in doing sth，但不用 be late to do sth。?
(5) 要表示“做某事有经验”，英语可用 be experienced at / in doing sth，但不用 be experienced to do sth。?另外，对于可用于以上两个结构者，也不见得含义都有以上区别。如：be fortunate to do sth 与 be fortunate in doing sth 大致同义。高考单选英语陷阱－规则硬套型
所谓“规则硬套”，即指不从语言实际出发，不考虑特定的语言环境，而是机械地套用语法规则，生搬硬套语法的条条框框，同学们如果这样去学语言，那就难免出错了。下面请看几个实例：?
1.“Is there _____ here ” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”?
A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody?
因为这是疑问句，所以你就按语法规则将此题答案确定为A，你认为你选对了吗？不，错了。
2.“If you want a necklace, I'll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _____ that I need most.”?
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything?
因为这是否定句，所以你就按语法规则将此题答案确定为A，你认为你选对了吗？不，错了。
3. He was sentenced to death _____ what he had stolen from the bank.?
A. that B. since C. because D. because of?
因为横线后是一个从句，所以你就按语法规则将此题答案确定为C，你认为你选对了吗？不，错了。?
规则是死的，语言是活的。同学们学习语言时，应该具体问题具体分析，既要学习语言的规则，又要灵活运用规则，这样才能把语言学好、学活。你想知道以上问题的解释吗？请往下读。
1. 是a，the还是a, a
“Have you seen _____ pen I left it here this morning.”
“Is it _____ black one I think I saw it somewhere.”?
A. a, the B. the, the? C. a, a D. the, a
此题容易误选A，生搬硬套冠词用法规则：第一次提到某人或某事物用不定冠词，第二次再提到该人或该事物时用定冠词。但事实上，此题的第二空Is it black one 中的one并非指前面提到的pen，即这里的one与前面的pen并非同一事物。另外，从后面的I think I saw it somewhere(我想我在哪个地方见过)可知前一句的black one不能是特指的，而应是泛指的，故应用不定冠词。此题正确答案为C。?
现在我们把此题变化一下：
“Have you seen _____pen I left it here this morning.”
“Is it _____ black one I found it in the corner.”
A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a?
这样一改，此题的最佳答案就是A，而不是C了。
规则硬套型 请再看一例：?
My friend Mary is _____ beautiful girl and _____ girl everyone likes to work with.?
A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the?
此题很容易误选B，认为第一次提到girl用不定冠词，第二次提到就应该用定冠词。但是，句中第二次提到girl时并不是特指的，此句实为一省略句，补充完整是：My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with.?比较以下两句(第二个girl前用了定冠词，因为那是特指)：?
For this he asked a girl, but the girl refused to answer him.
为此他问了一个女孩，但这个女孩拒绝回答他。?
The other day he met a beautiful girl in the park and the girl smiled at him.
几天前他在公园遇到一个女孩，这个女孩冲他笑了笑。
2.在这个否定句中该用anything还是everything
I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _____.?
A. everything B. anything ?C. something D. nothing ?
此题容易误选B，生搬硬套不定代词用法规则：something用于肯定句，anything用于否定句或疑问句。其实此题应选A，注意前文的I agree with most of what you said(我同意你说的大部分内容)，其后的not与everything构成部分否定，意为“不是所有的都同意”，前后两部分用转折连词but连接，语气通顺、连贯。
_____ likes money, but money is not _____.
A. Everyone, everything B. Anyone, anything
C. Someone, nothing D. Nobody, everything?
答案选A，句意为“人人都喜欢钱，但钱不是万能的”。
3.在这个疑问句中该用everybody还是anybody?
“Is there _____ here ” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”?
A. anybody B. everybody ?C. somebody D. nobody ?
此题容易误选A，认为这是一般疑问句，要用anybody。其实此题应选B，主要与上下文的语境有关。全文语境为：“大家都到齐了吗？”“没有，Bob和Tim两人请假了。”假若我们将此题作如下变换，则情形就会有所不同：??
“Is there _____ here ” “Yes, I'm upstairs. Please come and help me.”?
A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody?
此题的最佳答案应是A，而不是B。
答案选B，虽然涉及多个对象，但由于它们用and连接，故用介词between。
8. because of后一定不能接从句吗
He was sentenced to death _____what he had stolen from the bank.?
A. that B. since? C. because D. because of ?
许多同认为此题应选C，因为关于because和because of的用法有如下区别规则：because是连词，其后接句子；而because of是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。此规则并没错，只是表述不很准确。一般说来，because作为从属连词，用以引导原因状语从句时，其后应是一个不含有引导词的句子，而不能是what导的从句。另一方面，本题中的what he had stolen＝the thing(s) that he had stolen，也就是说，这个what从句从本质上说，它相当于一个名词(或者更准确地说是一个受定语从句修饰的名词)，所以此题应选because of。 She cried because of what you said.她哭是因为你说的话。
9.这里是用different than 还是用different from?
She is quite a different girl _____ she was five years ago.?
A. from B. to? C. than D. with
?
按照英语的表达习惯，要表示甲与乙不同，通常用be different from，如：Mary is different from Jane.玛丽与简不同。其中的介词from在英国英语中也可换成to，在美国英语中也可换成than，但两者均不如用from普遍。许多同学据此将上题的最佳答案确定为A，但错了，最佳答案应是C。一般说来，若两个比较的对象是名词、代词或状语短语等，则用different from［to, than］。但是若提出来供比较的对象是一个没有引导词的句子，则通常只用different than。?
又如：?Schools are different than they used to be.?
学校与原来不一样了。?顺便说一句，若是一个以what引导的从句，则可以用from或to。?
比较：?She is quite different from［to］what we thought.＝She is quite different than we thought.?
她跟我们原来想像的大不一样。
10.这是反意疑问句吗
“I think the teacher is wrong, _____ ” “No, I don't think so.”?
A. don't you B. don't I ?C. doesn't he D. doesn't she
此题容易误选C或D，因为按照语法规则，I think后接宾语从句时，其反意疑问句与从句保持一致，但是退一步，即使按此规则，其反意疑问句也应是isn't he或isn't she之类的，而不是像C或D那样用doesn't he和doesn't she。综合四个选项，最佳答案为A，don't you为don't you think so之省略。?
又如：?I think he will win, don't you 我认为他会赢，你说呢？?I think its price will go up, don't you 我认为它的价格会上升，你不这样认为吗？
11.用于make (使)后作宾语补足语的一定是动词原形吗
I found I could easily make myself _____ by using sign language.?
A. understood B. understand? C. to understand D. being understood
答案选A，但容易误选B，即硬套“make +名词或代词+动词原形”这一结构。?
但是对于该结构同学们忽略了一点，就是该结构中的名词或代词应与其后动词有逻辑上的主谓关系，而对于上面一题，myself与其后的动词understand显然不是主谓关系，而是动宾关系，或者说是被动关系，故此时的动词应用过去分词表被动。
?误：He was very angry as to be unable to speak.
? 误：He was very angry that he couldn't speak.
? 误：He was very angry to speak.
Marsha got so carried away when arguing with her husband _____ she hit him.
A. since B. and C. until D. that?
答案选D，属so ... that ...句式。全句意为“玛莎与她丈夫争吵过于激烈，以至动手打了他”。其中的carry away意为“使兴奋”、“使忘乎所以”，是个短语，通常用于被动语态，句中的got carried away可视为系表结构。高考单选英语陷阱－借用倒装型
2.这个lives的主语是哪个?
Little Jim is going to spend his holiday in Paris, _____ lives his uncle.?
A. which B. who? C. where D. that ?
许多同学一看到横线后的谓语动词lives，就以为横线处应填who，认为只有who与lives搭配才是合情合理的。但是错了，因为假若选who，那么who 当然就是lives的主语，lives是句子谓语，那么his uncle呢？它是什么成分？是宾语吗？不可能，因为动词live为不及物动词，由此可知，选B是不对的。其实，此题的最佳答案应是C，where lives his uncle为倒装语序，此句可改为and there lives his uncle或and his uncle lives there。
3. may you...为何要倒装
Good luck to you, and _____ all your wishes come true!
A. can B. may C. must D. should ?
答案选B，may置于句首可表示祝愿，又如：
?May you succeed.祝你成功。?
May God bless you.愿上帝保佑你。?
May you have a very happy married life.祝你的婚姻生活幸福美满。
4.做对此题的关键是要注意句中的倒装
_____ when one loses freedom does one know its value.
A. Just B. Only C. Even D. Ever ?
此题最佳答案应选B，主要因为其后主句用了倒装句式(...does one know its value)，而综合所给四个选项，只有“only +状语”置于句首才会引出倒装句式。又如：?
Only in this way can you do it well.只有用这种办法你才能把它做好。?
Only by working hard can you succeed.你只有努力才能成功。?
Only yesterday did he return me the money.昨天他才把钱还给我。
Only after the accident did he have his car inspected.只有在那次事故之后，他才叫人检查了他的车子。
5.这与so am I是同一类用法吗
I'm quite willing to help and _____ are the others.
A. they B. who C. so D. even
答案选C，在“so +倒装句（部分倒装）”这一结构中，so 的意思与also相似，主要用来回答或补充前面句子的意思，表示“……也一样”。又如：?
He was tired and so were the others. 他累了，其他人也累了。?
Society has changed and so have the people in it.社会变了，社会里的人也变了。?
此结构的前后句的时态和助动词通常是一致的，但有时由于语境不同，可能有例外。如：?
If you stay for dinner, so will I.你要是留下来吃饭，那我也就留下。?
She wants to marry a foreigner.” “So did I.”“她想嫁给老外。”“我当年也有这想法。”?
但是，如果前面一句是否定句，后面一句则不用so，而用neither或nor：?
He didn't like the house and neither did his wife.他不喜欢这房子，他妻子也不喜欢。
The first one wasn't good and nor was the second.第一个不好，第二个也不好。
6. so ... that ...何时用于倒装?
_____ loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.?
A. So B. Very ?C. Too D. Much?
答案选A，其余几项均有可能误选。之所以选so，一是因为so ... that ...是一固定句型，二是因为so loudly后的did he speak为部分倒装，因为按英语语法，当so ... that ...结构中的“so+形容词或副词”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装形式。?
上题的正常语序是：He spoke so loudly that even the people in the next room could hear him.?又如：?
So interesting is the book that all the children like it.这本书太有趣了，所有的孩子都喜欢。?
So fast did he run that I couldn't catch up with him.他跑得太快，我无法追上他。?
So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. 光传播得如此之快，以至于我们无法想像它的速度。?
注：在such ... that ...结构中，若such及其修饰语置于句首，主句也用部分倒装的形式。?如：?
Such fine weather is it that we decide to go for an outing.天气这么好，我们决定去郊游。
7.这是not ... until ...结构吗?
Not _____ recently did I have any idea what a guided missile was like.?
A. since B. when ?C. until D. in
此题答案选C，属not ... until ...句式的一种变体，即将not until ...置于句首，其后用倒装形式。?又如：?
Not until yesterday did he begin his work.直到昨天他才开始他的工作。
Not until he came back did he realize how serious the matter is.直到他回来，他才意识到问题有多严重。
8.这是什么句型
Hard _____ he studies, he cannot pass the examination.
A. when B. how C. as D. while ?
答案选C，属英语的让步倒装结构，其基本句式为“名词(通常不带冠词)、形容词、副词、动词等+ as +主语+动词”。又如：?
Child as he is, he did it very well.他虽是个孩子，但已干得很不错了。?
Young as he is, he knows a lot.他虽年轻，但懂得很多。?
Try as he would, he couldn't do it well.他虽然尽了很大努力，但仍未把它做好。?
注：以上各例中的as也可换成though，但不能换为although。如：?
Child though he is, he did it very well.他虽是个孩子，但已干得很不错了。
9.这是虚拟语气吗?
_____ he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.??
A. When B. If? C. Had D. Has ?
答案应选C，但容易误选B。不能选B，主要是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would have succeeded，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是had followed，如果选B，句子应该是if he had followed my advice。但按英语语法，在此类表示虚拟条件的从句中，若有had, should, were等词，便可省略if，而将had, should, were提前置于句首。又如：?
If he were my friend, I would ask him to lend me some money.= Were he my friend, I would ask him to lend me some money.假若他是我的朋友，我就会向他借些钱。
If it should rain tomorrow, I should stay indoors.= Should it rain tomorrow, I should stay indoors.如果明天下雨，我就待在室内。?
If he had asked me, I would have told him. = Had he asked me, I would have told him.要是他问过我，我就会告诉他了。
10.这里为什么要用倒装
Then a new development _____ that had far reaching effects.
A. come B. coming? C. came D. had come ?
答案选C，句子为时间副词then置于句首的倒装句，came为句子谓语。注：这类倒装句的谓语通常是go, come, follow, exist, remain等不及物动词。又如：?
Then followed a great noise.接着传来一声巨响。?
Then came the day of his examination.接着就是他参加考试的日子。
11.这个倒装与什么有关
This is your work. In _____ case are you to leave your post.?
A. any B. this? C. which D. no ?
答案选D，注意in no case后用了倒装语序are you to leave your post。按英语习惯，具有否定意义的词置于句首时，句子用倒装句式。
(1) _____ did he know the police were after him.
A. So B. Even C. Little D. How
(2) At _____ time should you place your personal interest first.
A. that B. one C. no D. what
(3) In _____ way can we allow this to continue.
A. this B. either C. no D. a
(4) By _____ means should we do our work like that.
A. every B. all C. no D. those
(5) _____ only did I know her, but I was her best friend.
A. If B. Even C. Not D. Too?
以上各题答案均选C，注意句子所用的倒装语序，说明句首使用了表示否定意义的词。但是，请注意以下例外：?
(1) No wonder he didn't want to go.难怪他不想去。?
(2) No doubt we will win in the end.最后肯定是我们赢。?
(3) In no time he came up to help.他马上跑过来帮忙。?
上面句(1) no wonder(难怪)置于句首，其后并未用倒装语序，原因有二：一是no wonder虽然含否定词，但并不表否定意义；二是no wonder其实是一种省略表达，它的完整形式为：it is no wonder that...如上句可补充为：It's no wonder that he didn't want to go. 句(2)和句(3)的no doubt(肯定地，无疑地)和in no time(立即，马上)置于句首，其后未用倒装语序，也是因为它们虽然含有否定词no，但并不表示否定意义。高考单选英语陷阱－母语干扰型
?大家知道，学外语最忌母语干扰。由于母语在大脑中根深蒂固，所以常常会
对外语学习者大脑中尚不牢固的外语知识产生负面影响，干扰学习者学习正确、地道的外语。比如汉语通常说“学习知识”，但英语习惯上却不说 study knowledge，而说 get (obtain, acquire) knowledge；又如汉语说的“年轻一代”，说成地道的英语通常应是 younger generation，而不是 young generation，尽管汉语表达中看不出其比较意味，但其相应的英语却要用比较级。请再看几个实例：
?
1. At last my parents _____ me to move to the south.?
A. agreed B. suggested C. supported D. encouraged ?
从汉语角度看，似乎四个答案都对：选A，可理解为“最后我父母同意我搬到南方去”；选B，可理解为“最后我父母建议我搬到南方去”；选C，可理解为“最后我父母支持我搬到南方去”；选D，可理解为“最后我父母鼓励我搬到南方去”。但事实上，只有一个答案是对的，你知道是哪个吗？同时你知道其余三个为什么不对呢？?
2. “He is _____ to win the match.” “Really But I don't think so.”
A. easy B. difficult C. possible D. sure?
从汉语角度看，四个答案似乎也都对：选A，可理解为“他很容易获胜”；选B，可理解为“他很难获胜”；选C，可理解为“他可能获胜”；选D，可理解为“他肯定会获胜”。但事实上，这四个选项中也只有一项是对的，其余三项尽管从汉语角度看说得通，但却不合英语习惯，你知道哪个对，哪三个不对吗？同时你知道为什么吗？
?本节搜集有关母语干扰的陷阱题数十例，并有针对性地进行了详细的讲解，希望对同学们排除母语干扰，学好正确、地道的英语有所帮助。
1. not to say 的意思是“更不用说”吗
They own two cars, not to _____ a motorbike.
A. speak B. say C. talk D. mention
?
此题很容易根据“他们拥有两辆小汽车，更不用说一辆摩托车了”这一中文语境而选择B，其实最佳答案为D。因为not to say 和 not to mention 均为习语，但其含义区别甚大：not to mention＝更不用说，此外还有：not to say＝虽不能说，即使不能说。
如：?He can speak French and Japanese, not to mention English. ?
他会法语和日语，更不用说英语了。?
David is handsome and smart, not to mention being a good athlete. ?
戴维漂亮精明，而且还是个优秀的运动员。?
It is warm, not to say hot.
天气虽说不上热，但也够暖了。?
He was impolite, not to say rude.
他即使不是粗鲁，至少也是没有礼貌。
2. 如何区别使用 anyone 与 whoever
I won't go there alone, and I'll take _____ wants to go.
A. anyone B. who C. whoever D. what
?
母语干扰型
此题应选 C，容易误选 A 或B，误选的原因主要是直接按中文意思套译，即将其译为“我不会一个人去，谁想去我就带谁去”。当然若将 A、B两项合起来(即 anyone who)则也正确。选项 C(whoever) 导一个宾语从句（用做动词 take 的宾语）。
请看以下类似试题：?
(1) _____ comes is welcome.
A. Anyone B. Who C. Anyone who D. Everyone
此题很容易误选A，因为从汉语意思来分析，可理解为“任何人来都欢迎”，但若选A，此句的结构是混乱的，句中有两个谓语动词 comes 和 is，但却只是一个句子。此题应选C，anyone 是句子主语，who comes 是修饰 anyone 的定语从句。
(2)_____ comes to see me, tell him I'm out.
A. Anyone B. Who C. Whoever D. Everyone?
此题很容易按汉语意思误选A，其实应选C。whoever 引导的是让步状语从句，相当于 no matter who。?
(3) Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____ shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
此题不能选A，假若选A，应在其后加上who，即用 anyone who；也不能选B，一是因为横线处应填一个作主语的词(因为其后有谓语动词 shares)，二是因为在现代英语中 whomever这个词已基本废除 也就是说，在现代英语中whoever 既用做主语，也用做宾语，如：Give it to whoever you see in the meeting-room. 你在会议室里看见谁就把它给谁)；也不能选D，因为 no matter who只用于引导让步状语从句，不用于引导名词性从句。此题正确答案为C，whoever 在此相当于 anyone who。?比较下例，答案应选A，而不是B、C或D(注意句意)：It was a matter of would take the position. A. who B. Whoever C. whom D. whomever
3. 哪些动词容易误用于“?v?.＋sb＋to do sth”
At last my parents _____ me to move to the south.
A. agreed B. suggested C. supported D. encouraged
?
此题从中文意思来分析，似乎四个答案都对。其实此题的正解答案只能是D，原因是在我们很难准时赶到那儿。?
误：We are very difficult to get there in time.?
正：It is very difficult for us to get there in time. (用形式主语it作主语)?
比较：He is very difficult to work with.他这个人很难相处。(用具体的人作主语，但它与其后不定式具有动宾关系，即to work with him)?有时不是用it作形式主语，而是用其作形式宾语。
如：?We found it easy to do the work.我们发现做这工作很容易。?
但是不说：We found him easy to do the work.（但可说：We found it easy for him to do the work.）?
对possible来说，后接不定式时，其主语只能是it，不能是具体的人或事物，即使该主语与其后的不定式有动宾关系也不可以。
如：?我们有可能会找到一些更便宜的。?
误：We are possible to find some cheaper ones.?
误：Some cheaper ones are possible for us to find.
?正：It is possible for us to find some cheaper ones.
有时不是用it作形式主语，而是用其作形式宾语。
如：?We found it possible for him to do the work.我们发现他可能做那工作。
但不说：We found him possible to do the work.
6. possible与likely用法有何区别
I think he is _____ to win, but I'm not sure.
A. possible B. likely C. impossible D. certain ?
从语意上看，D肯定不能选；从英语习惯上看，A和C也不能选(原因见前一题)；此题最佳答案为B。请再看几例：?
He is likely to arrive a bit late.他可能会晚到一会儿。
?It's likely that he will go abroad.他可能会出国。?
注意：虽然possible和likely均可表示“可能”，但两者的搭配是不同的，即可说someone is likely to do sth，但不能说someone is possible to do sth。如：他有可能会同她一道去。
?正：He is likely to go with her.
?正：It's likely that he will go with her.
?误：He is possible to go with her.
?正：It's possible that he will go with her.
?另外，还可说：It's possible for him to go with her.
7.是not any还是any not?
It is so difficult a problem that _____ student in this class _____ work it out.?
A. any, can't B. no, can? C. every, can D. no, can't ?
此题很容易误选A，因为从句意上看，选A可将此句理解为“这个问题是如此之难，这个班上任何一个学生都不可能做出来”。但按英语习惯，any(任何一个)作为非肯定词，它只能出现在否定词not之后，而不能在其前，即可说not any,但不说any not。所以正确答案应选B。
这工作太难了，恐怕谁也干不了。?正：The work is too difficult. I'm afraid no one can do it.
?误：The work is too difficult. I'm afraid any one can't do it.
?什么也阻碍不了我同她结婚。
正：Nothing can prevent me from marrying her.?
误：Anything can't prevent me from marrying her.?
类似地，either (两者中的任意一个)作为非肯定词，它也应出现在否定词之后，而不能出现在否定词之前。如：这两兄弟都不聪明。?
正：Neither of the brothers is clever. / Neither brother is clever.?
误：Either of the brothers is not clever. / Either brother isn't clever.8. such可修饰形容词或副词吗?
The problem is not _____ easy. Think _____ over.?
A. such, it B. that, it? C. so,不填 D. that，不填
正确答案应为B，that 相当与 so .
10.“如果你方便的话”说成英语是if you are convenient吗
I'll come to see you if _____.
A. you're convenient B. it is convenient for you
C. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you
此题最佳答案为B，但很容易误选A或C，因为按汉语意思，我们常说“如果你方便的话”，所以许多同学就将此直译为if you are convenient或if you feel convenient。但事实上，英语中convenient的意思不是“感到方便的”，而是“使人感到方便的”，所以be convenient的主语不能是“人”。要表示“如果你方便的话”，英语通常说if it is convenient for［to］you，其中的介词可用for或to，但一般不用with。
11.“交通拥挤”的英语是crowded traffic吗
He wants to move house, because he hates the _____ here.?
A. crowded traffic B. crowded traffics? C. busy traffic D. busy traffics
此题容易误选A或B，因为crowded traffic(s)与汉语中说的“拥挤的交通”完全吻合，由于traffic不可数，排除含traffics的选项，所以许多同学便选定答案A。其实，此题的最佳答案是C，因为英语的traffic习惯上不用crowded修饰，而用busy或heavy修饰，以说明“交通”的“拥挤”。
12.这个how to do sth中的how能省略吗 ?
I'm learning _____ a cake. Can you explain _____ one
A. to make, to make B. how to make, to make?
C. to make, how to make D. making, making ?
表示“学习做某事”可用learn to do sth，也可用learn how to do sth，即其中的how可用也可省略；但要表示“解释或说明做某事”，英语习惯上说explain how to do sth，而不说explain to do sth。所以此题的最佳答案是C，有的同学之所以漏掉其中的how 主要是因为汉语中可以省略相应的“如何”之意。?
以下各例中不定式前的how也不宜省略：He knows how to play the piano.他会弹钢琴。?
He showed her how to swim.他教她游泳。?
We never discovered how to open the box.我们一直未发现如何打开这个盒子。?
Soon you'll find out how to drive a car.不久你就会学会开车的。
13.你会用比较级以及副词too的修饰语吗
“This book is _____ more useful for us students.”
“Yes, but it is _____ too difficult.”?
A. quite, quite B. much, rather ?C. rather, quite D. quite, much ?
此题应选B。理由是：虽然quite, rather, much均可用于加强语气，但是修饰比较级或副词too(太)时，只能用rather或much，而不用quite。
14. worth和asleep可用very修饰吗
Mary is very clever and _____ worth teaching, but her brother is not. Look, he is now _____ asleep in class.?
A. very, very B. much, very ?C. well, very D. well, fast
此题很容易误选A，因为许多同学往往将汉语中的“很”与英语中的very相对应。但是，许多汉语中的“很”是不能用英语中的very来直译的。如汉语“我很喜欢英语”，在英语中就不能说成I very like English，而应说成I like English very much，因为副词very在英语中习惯上不用来修饰动词。上题不能选A，是因为形容词worth和asleep习惯上均不能用副词very来修饰，而是分别用well和fast修饰，即说成be well worth doing sth(很值得做某事)，be fast (或sound) asleep(熟睡)，所以此题的最佳答案应选D。
15.是who he is还是who it is
Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____.
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is ?
此题首先应排除A和C，因为横线处实为一个宾语从句，所以不能用疑问句语序。至于是选B还是D呢？许多同学由于受汉语意思的影响，直接套用“有人在按门铃，去看看他是谁”这一句意而选择B。但按英语的习惯，当用于指代身份不明的人时，应用代词it，而不用he或she等。所以此题应选D。比较以下两句：?
Mr. Smith is at the door. He wants to see you.史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。?
Someone is at the door. It may be the postman.有个人在门口，可能是邮递员。?
第一句因前面指明了是Mr. Smith，所以后面用代词he；而第二句因前面用的是不定代词someone，说明此人身份尚不明确，故其后用了代词it来指代。
16.可说cause sb mad吗
Stop that noise; it is _____me mad.
A. putting B. causing C. driving D. turning
?许多同学根据汉语中说“使某人发疯”的表达，认为此题应选B，因为cause有“引起”和“导致”的意思。其实，按英语习惯此题应选C，drive sb mad为固定搭配，意为“使某人发疯”，有时也说send sb mad。又如：汉语说“帮某人一个忙”，说成英语可以是do sb a favour，但不能是give sb a favour；再如：汉语说“给某人提建议”，说成英语可以是give sb advice，但不能是give sb a suggestion等等
17.可说according to one's opinion吗
_____ my opinion, the meeting should put off to next Friday.?
A. In, be B. According to, be ?C. In,不填 D. According to,不填
此题容易误选D，根据中文意思，此句的意思应是“根据我的看法，会议应该推迟到下周五”，许多同学由于受此影响，将句中的“根据”用according to表示，将句中的“推迟”用put off表示。本来，这两个词表示以上意思并没有错，但问题是，在一定的搭配和语境中，英语是有其习惯的。按照英语习惯，opinion不宜与according to搭配，要表示“根据某人的看法”，英语习惯上用in one's opinion；句中第二空用put off表示“推迟”本来也不错，但问题是，此句的主语是meeting，所以其后谓语put off应是被动的，而不能直接用主动式。所以此题最佳答案为A。
正：The man cheated me of my watch.?那个人抢了我的摩托车。?
误：That man robbed my motorbike.?
正：That man robbed me of my motorbike.
21.“接受教育”用动词accept还是receive
Both of her sons _____ good education.
A. accepted B. accepted a C. received D. received a ?
许多同学面对此题是这样分析的：accept与receive的用法区别是前者表示“接受”，后者表示“收到”，而汉语通常是说“受教育”，而不是说“收教育”，所以选A或B，而其实此题的正确答案却是D，因为英语中要表示“受教育”，习惯上用动词receive而不是accept。另外，education表示抽象意义的“教育”时，不可数，但表示“一种教育”或“一段教育”时，可与不定冠词连用。
22.是didn't satisfy还是wasn't satisfied
He was angry _____ your work. He said that he _____ at all.?
A. at, didn't satisfy B. to, didn't satisfy
C. at, wasn't satisfied D. to, wasn't satisfied ?
最佳答案为C，其余几项均有可能被误选。be angry at (about) sth意为“对某事生气”，许多同学常按汉语意思将其中的介词at (about)换成to，这是错误的。第二空将汉语意思“不满意”直译为not satisfy也是不对的，因为，satisfy在现代英语中只用做及物动词，其意不是“满意”而是“使(人)满意”，所以其后不能没有宾语，除非本身是被动语态(或是系表结构)。
23.是red tea还是black tea
“What can I do for you ” “One _____tea and two _____coffees.”?
A. black, white B. red, white? C. black, green D. red, black
按汉语习惯，在“茶”前要加表颜色的形容词通常应是“红”和“绿”，即说“红茶”和“绿茶”，一般很少说“黑茶”、“白茶”之类。但是在英语中，人们虽然可直接用 green tea来表示“绿茶”，但却不能直接用red tea来表示“红茶”，汉语中的“红茶”说成英语应是black tea，所以第一空应填black，即选A或C。对于第二空，coffee前通常使用的表颜色的形容词是white和black，其中white coffee指“牛奶咖啡”(因牛奶呈白色)，black coffee指“没有加牛奶的咖啡”（即纯咖啡或清咖啡），由此可知上题的最佳答案应是A。
