NMET2006高考英语备考工作意见[下学期]

NMET2006高考备考工作意见
齐平昌 北京四中
NMET书面表达值得注意的写作方法
高考英语考生对书面表达不相适应的情形愈发突出。书面表达水准较低的原因在于考生缺乏写作的基本常识和训练。
1. 认识英语写作的基本特点：
语序与信息：人们通过语言传递的信息是一个片断一个片断进行的。一个信息片断可以是一个句子，信息片断传递的信息可粗略地分为已知信息和新信息。一个信息片断最显著的部分有二：一是传递信息的起点，即处于句首的主位，另一个是新信息中最重要的部分，即信息中心。 主位通常传递已知信息，信息中心位于句尾传递新信息。从信心分布的情况说，英语句中最重要的信息一般出现在末端，称为末端中心；从结构分布上看， 英语句中结构形式较长，较复杂的成分一般也向后推移，这种结构配置称为句尾重心。这两条原则是决定英语结构次序的重要依据。
2. 句尾重心---补述的写作手法
补述分并列补述和后位补述两种。补述的特点是既可以使语言连贯, 又可以收到简练、生动的效果, 有时又能适时地表现当事人内心的思想活动, 常用于事实表述后的情感感受, 引发的感想或对事实细节补充的场合, 一般会收到好的效果。
并列补述常用并列连词and, 后位补述常用分词短语作状语, which引出非限定性定语从句, 以及由[with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语]等。
i. 并列补述
(1) 要点1 上午：学校活动
要点2 下午：游览市区
I know the school will organize a lot of things for you to do in the morning, but in the afternoon, I’ll show you around and take you to some places of interest.
(2) 要点: 大约4点离开
Around four o'clock，we said goodbye to one another，and felt very happy on the way home.
(3) 要点: 昨天我和李明参加了野外生存训练。
Li Ming and I took part in a wilderness survival program yesterday, and it has been one of the most unforgettable experiences since high school.
ii. 后位补述--分词短语作状语，用分词短语作状语, 文字较为精练
要点: 晚上：看电视，玩游戏，聊天
We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people.
iii. 后位补述--非限定性定语从句
(1) The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.
(2) It was quite an experience for us both, which I'll never forget for the rest of my life.
(3) At 8 o'clock in the morning，we arrived at the 7l2 bus station，where we were warmly welcomed by the drivers and conductors.
(4) Staff members of the bus station and our classmates then took part in a general knowledge quiz on the Olympic Games in the afternoon，which was great fun for both sides.
iv. 后位补述--with复合结构
要点: My brother was riding [with] me sitting on the seat [behind].
→该句使用with结构, 其结构为[with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语]。该结构的情景描述功能十分突出。此外, behind一词用作seat定语的用法也十分轻巧。
小结后位补述的用法:
1. He bathed and had dinner, giving everyone the impression that there was no danger at all.
2. He paused for a moment, wondering whether to turn back as the captain urged him.
3. Upon arrival, my uncle hugged Pompy, and tried to give him courage.
4. After dinner, my uncle said he wanted to sleep, and it seemed as if he really wanted to do so.
主要特点:
先外动(指形), 再内动(指感受)
外动:
sitting/standing there, get off the bus, hurry to the school
With Tom staying together with us, we all felt ...
=Tom was staying together with us, and we all felt...=Tom was staying together with us, making us all feel ...
内动:
thinking/wondering/feeling/making/
giving everyone the impression that
3. 注意使用连词and
i. 恰如其份地使用连词and容易收到阅读流畅的效果。连词and可以交代连接双方的相互关系, 如并列关系、先后关系、因果关系等。并列连词代替从属连词的特点是让读者自己去补充所连接的两部分间的逻辑联系, 根据两部分的思想内容去推论, 从而达到思想表达生动、有力和鲜明的修辞效果。
(1) 要点: 你的美国朋友Peter正在北京一所大学学中文，你觉得他应去试一试。
I know you like singing, and you are in Beijing during that period. I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese.
(2) 要点:理由：去机场接人
My uncle is returning home from France, and I have promised to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon. 类例: It is true he is young, but/and yet he is really good at go(围棋).
→It is true ... but...
= It is true...and yet ...
=Indeed ... but
=Indeed... and yet (的确..., 然而...)
ii. and表因果关系
(1) The teacher came, and class began. (2) Tom is very tired, and really he should go to bed.
并列句的修辞作用在于它把两个或几个平行或对立的相关的思想联系在一起,形成比较完整的思想, 因而它比两个或几个孤立的简单句的思想内容要丰富得多,逻辑关系也要清楚得多。
4. 英语逗号出现的场合、时机与提升英语作文品质
英语逗号功能较多, 用法灵活。凡逗号出现的场合和时机多体现出英语的使用习惯或固定的表达方式, 值得重视。逗号的主要用法如下, 并按在书面表达中的重要性排序:
(1) 插入语须用逗号隔开
要点: 周末活动(减负后) 就寝时间: 10:30
What's more, I can go to bed earlier.
As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.
(2) 插入句中的 however(但是)，therefore(因此)，indeed(的确)，namely(即)等副词，或in fact(其实)，in general(一般来说)，in short (简言之)，no doubt(无疑)等副词短语的前后要用逗号隔开。
要点: 一站地的路途
In fact, it is only one stop.
要点: 电子贺卡传递速度快
Besides, it's faster to send an electronic card.
要点: 减负给学习和生活带来变化
In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load.
(3) 分词短语做状语要用逗号隔开
我预习好了明天的功课，便上床睡觉。
Having prepared tomorrow's lessons, I went to bed.
(4) 用作追述的定语从句要用逗号隔开
要点:学生花了93分钟, 他们大部分的时间, 在做作业上。其次则是看电视, 占到了46分钟。
The students put the most time—93 minutes—into their homework, and next in line is watching TV, which takes up 46 minutes.
(5) 副词短语放在句首，大多用逗号隔开
要点: 他们可能会更健康, 精力更充沛。
This way, they may be healthier and more energetic.
(6) 并列句和逗号
并列句中各句独立的话，要用逗号。
I wonder if it is possible for the talk to be recorded, and if so, could I borrow the tape
主语若相同, 用and连结时，不用逗号； He went and came back at once.
他去了又马上回来。
但用but连结时，要用逗号：
He went, but came back at once.
他去了，但很快又回来了。
(7) 句首的副词从句用逗号隔开
If you would like to try, you'll have to go to the TV station to sign up before the end of June.
提示: 汉语中的逗号与在英语中的作用并非一致，英语中句与句之间的联系绝不依靠逗号, 而是借助连接词。缺少连接词, 句与句之间也就不存在其合理性。
① 老师问了我一个问题, 我不会回答。
Wrong: The teacher asked me a question, I couldn't answer it.
Right: The teacher asked me a question, and/but I couldn't answer it.
② 我没出去, 而是呆在家里看书。
I didn't go out; instead, I stayed home and read.
③ 我们捡柴火, 他们搭帐篷。
We gathered the wood， and they set up the tent.
5. Scoring High in NMET Writing
你校高三学生举行了一场有关高三学生在高三复习期间上网是否合适的讨论。讨论的题目是：Is it wise for Senior 3 students to surf the Internet while busy
preparing for the College Entrance Examination 请你根据下面提示写一篇短文，
介绍讨论的情况。
一些同学认为:
(1) 应当上网。上网可以获取有用的信息, 好处很多。
(2) 上网可以调节身心。
另一些同学认为:
(1) 时间紧, 不应上网浪费时间。
(2) 上网对高三复习帮助有限。
你赞成上网, 但认为应有度。
Senior 3 students in our school have different views on whether Senior 3
students to surf the Internet while busy preparing for the College Entrance
Examination.
One possible version:
Senior 3 students in our school have different views on whether Senior 3
students to surf the Internet while busy preparing for the College Entrance
Examination.
Some think that Senior 3 students, though busy preparing for the College
Entrance Examination, can benefit by surfing the Internet. They insist that
surfing the Internet is a good way to gain the information needed, and what
is better still, surfing the Internet can help them relax and enjoy life,
which is especially important for a student of Senior 3. But some others
hold an opposite opinion. They argue that the surfing of the Internet is not
really necessary, since the College Entrance Examination is drawing near.
In addition, it often takes quite a few hours off, and they cannot afford
the time.
Personally, I agree with the former. In fact, I often go online at the
weekends and have fun. But I don't think sticking to the internet for too
long will be good.
现在正是春暖花开春游季节。你校学生会以“高三学生要不要参加春游活动”为题， 向高三学生作调查。请你据下表所出示的调查结果 , 以 "Whether or not should Senior3 students go spring outing " 为题 , 写一篇短文, 上交学生会。
65%的学生认为应该春游。
1..接触大自然,呼吸新鲜空气,有利健康。
2.活动使精神放松,大脑休息,有利学习.
35%的学生认为不应该春游。
1..高考临近,没有心情玩儿。
2．春游耽误学习。
W have had a heated discussion on whether Senior 3students should go spring outing.
建议使用如下表达方式:
1. (i)...have different views on ...
(ii) As to the view of ..., there is no agreement among the ...
(i) Some think that ... while others hold the idea that ...
(ii) Some suggest that ...while other ... argue that ...
2. We'll benefit from what the ...
We'll benefit by doing ...
3. (i) So far as I'm concerned, I'm for the latter. In fact, ...
(ii) As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion.
(iii) Personlly, I agree to the latter. It's true that ...
(i) So we can conclude that ...
(ii) In a word, ...
4. 表示递进的过渡词:
furthmore, moreover, besides, in addition, what's more
5. 表示强调的过渡词:
clearly, of course, as a matter of fact, actually, in particular,
that is to say, indeed, first of all
假设你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写一封信，反映讨论结果。
赞成迁出： 反对迁出：
1．游客多，交通堵塞2．郊区环境好 1．建于1906年，中外闻名2．搬迁易造成动物死亡
June 3 ,2005
Dear Editor ,
Recently ,our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city . Some of my classmates are in favor of the move .They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams .They also say that once moved ,animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs .However ,other students are against the idea ,saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906 ,has a history of 100 years ,and is well –known at home and abroad .So it should remain where it is .What’s more ,moving may cause the death of some animals .To move or not ,this is a big decision which has to be made by people in Beijing.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
阅读下面摘自“China Daily”的一则简讯，写一篇读后感。
River Pollution
A great deal of dead fish can be found floating on the surface of the Huaihe River because of the serious pollution this summer. In a report, Anhui Daily called on people to help protect the river against pollution.
要求全文包括以下内容：
(1) 这种河水污染情况，除淮河外，不少别的地区也存在。
(2) 除河水污染外，其他的污染如空气污染、土壤污染等也给人类带来灾难。
(3) 越来越多的人已开始认识到污染的严重性，政府已采取措施治理污染。
(4) 谈一谈你自己对污染问题的看法。
Hints for Writing: (写作过程提示)
1.写好开头与结尾, 并有某种呼应的关系, 类似文章最好以情绪开头, 以信心结尾: 以情绪开头：I’m shocked ...
以信心结尾:But we're sure that we will win the battle against pollution in the end. It is our duty to protect the environment.
2. 在文章展开段, 使用起链接作用表达方式, 使得叙事过程流畅、自然。这些起链接作用的表达方式隐藏在写作内容要点之间, 却又是高分书面表达必不可少的手段:
(1) As far as I know, river pollution ...
(2) Besides river pollution, there are ...
(3) Fortunately, more and more people have come to ...
(4) Though we have done a lot, we still have ...
习作:
I'm shocked to have learnt about pollution in Huaihe River. As far as I know, river pollution exists not only in Huaihe River but also in many other rivers in our country. Besides river pollution, there are air pollution, soil pollution, sound pollution and so on. All kinds of pollution do great harm to human beings. Fortunately, more and more people have come to realize how serious the problem is. Our government has been trying to take measures to fight against pollution. Though we have done a lot, we still have a long way to go. But we're sure that we will win the battle against pollution in the end. It is our duty to protect the environment.
学生习作:
Not only Huaihe River, but also many other rivers have been polluted seriously. Aside from water pollution, we are suffering from air pollution and soil pollution as well. I'm a little bit delighted, though, as the report claimed that Anhui Daily had called on people to help protect the river against pollution. It seems more and more people are concerned, and the government has already started some movements to protect the environment. The more modernized life we are living, the more civilized we should be. To reduce the pollution and make it a better place, we should throw ourselves into the battle against the pollution of all kinds, not only for ourselves, but also for the future generations。
By 张灵子 (From 北京四中)
你是某校高二学生，今年寒假当上某英文报特约小记者。你就下面几项内容对一百个城市家庭进行了生活现状的问卷调查。请你给该报写一篇题为“People are enjoying a richer life”的英语稿，报道调查结果，并适当分析其中一个数据所反映的情况。词数不少于60。
生词：图表chart
People are enjoying a richer life
One possible version:
People are enjoying a richer life
As we can see from the chart, people’s life has changed greatly in these five years. Five years ago, only 13 percent of the families had private cars, but now the number has gone up to 38 percent. In 1999, only 16 percent of the families could afford to buy houses, while now 35 percent of them have their own flats. Now more and more people want to broaden their horizon by going abroad for further education. The number has changed from 11 percent in 1999 to 28 pared with the number 5 years ago, which was only 20 percent, now more than 50 percent of the families prefer to spend their holidays traveling.
From the large number that people choose to study abroad, we can see that people care more about education. They want to improve the quality of their life by learning more.
词数不少于60。
生词：图表 chart
最近, 你校学生会就各种热点话题组织各班讨论, 你班讨论的主题是: 学生该不
该打工 请你根据下表所提供的信息, 给学生会写一份汇报。
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
70%的学生认为 ┃ 30%的学生认为
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1. 可以打工, 但不宜占时间太多。 ┃ 1. 不应打工。
2. 打工可以积累工作经验。 ┃ 2. 打工影响学习。
3. 可以挣钱以解决部分学费。 ┃ 3. 外出打工不安全。
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
注意: 1. 词数100个左右。
2. 开头和结尾已为你写好。
生词: 学费 tuition
打工 take a part-time job
Our class had a heated discussion about whether a student should take a
part-time job. We have two different opinions about it.
...
Students of Class One in Engineering Department
Hints for Writing: (写作过程提示)
1. ... think it right that ...
2. It is not right for sb. to do ...
3. 动名词作主语
(动名词作主语的使用过程, 最接近中文表达习惯, 这样作, 较容易写出好的英语。)
4. 动名词作主语, 后接补述语, 如: which is especially good/useful/important for ...。所谓补述, 是通过一些行之有效的表达方式, 如使用现在分词短语用作状语, 位置后置的方法, 使用非限定性定语从句的方法, 使用并列连词and, for, or等方法, 使用"with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语"的方法, 将作者对事物的感受、评论、导致的结果, 以及对具体动作的补充描写等, 充分表述出来。补述语也称为后位补述, 是书面表达最值得注意的写作手段。)
学生习作:
70 percent of the students agreed to take a part-time job, for it it not only a good chance to build up working experience but also (点评: not only ...but also...为一并列连词, 连接的双方应对等) can save some money for the tuition. But (点评:But一词多余, 应予去除) they also suggested it should not take up so much time. (点评:There are →该句式多余, 应予去除) also 30 percent of the students hold the opposite opinion. They think taking a part-time job will affect study, besides, it is not safe enough. All in all, it remains to be a problem to be discussed.
随着网络的发展, 目前很多人给亲朋好友发电子贺卡。 请根据以下提示, 阐述电子贺卡的优越性。
1. 除图像外, 还可传递动画和声音, 生动, 有趣。 2. 传递速度快。
3. 电子贺卡形式多样, 还可以用Flash或其他软件自己设计。 4. 节约纸张, 有利于保护树木和环境。
注意: (1) 文章包括以上要点, 可适当发挥。不要逐条翻译。 (2) 词数: 100左右。
(3) 参考词汇: 电子贺卡electric card, 动画animation
习作:
With the development of Internet, more and more people tend to send electronic cards instead of paper ones at New Year's pared with the traditional cards, electronic cards are more interesting and lively, for you can get not only pictures but also sound and even animations. Besides, it's faster to send an elctronic card. There are many web sites on line where different varieties of cards are available. If none of these cards are of any interest to you, you can design cards of unique style using FLASH or other software. More importantly, with the
popularity of electronic cards, less paper is used for making paper cards, which contributes to the enviroment protection.
学生习作:
Electronic cards become more and more popular as the Internet is widely used. It's always being sent with a fabulous image, not mention that it can carry audio message and animation. Electronic cards are sent via Email, in
which way it's much more efficient than traditional cards. Another point that lots of people prefer electronic cards is that this new term of greetings is designable. Users enjoy editing the cards with the help of various kind of
software such as Flash.
Thanks to to the existance of electronic cards, many trees are prevented from being cut down, therefore the whole enviroment benifits from this kind of cards.
By 张灵子 (From 北京四中)
假定你是南京某中学的学生, 叫李华。"五一"劳动节将至, 你校外籍教师Alex打算利用"五一"长假外出旅游, 希望你能为他提供参考建议。 请你根据下列图例和中文提示为Alex提供旅游建议。
┏━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ 日期 ┃ 活动安排 ┃
┃━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
┃ 5月1日 ┃ 上午8:00乘飞机去北京; 下午游览天安门广场 ┃
┣━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
┃ 5月2日 登长城 ┃
┣━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
┃ 5月3-4日 ┃ 游览颐和园; 逛商场, 购物 ┃
┣━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
┃ 5月5日 ┃ 坐火车去泰安登泰山 ┃
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┃ 5月6日 ┃ 上午看日出, 下午坐火车返宁 ┃
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写作提示:
1. 此类文容易写成单调的时间状语的堆砌。建议使用(and) next day, for the next two days等, 以取代on May ...。
2. 此类文在动词时态上, 应用将来时, 在表示预期时考虑使用be to do句型。
3. 图例中提到登长城, 游览颐和园, 登泰山等活动, 建议使用"后位补述"的
写作手段, 如:
(1) , and I do think it will make you feel really excited
(2) , which is one of the few places in the world that enjoy a long history and is still well known
(3) , on top of which, if lucky enough, you will enjoy a view of the sunrise
习作:
Dear Alex,
Here is my suggestion about your travel during the long May Day holiday.On May 1st, you may take the 8:00 flight to Beijing. You are to visit the Tienanmen Square in the afternoon. Next day, I suggest you (should) visit the Great Wall, the lognest wall in the world. For the next two days, you can visit the Summer Palace, walk around here and there in the downtown section of Beijing and do some shopping. On May 5th, you are to take a train to Tai`an to climb Mount Tai, which is quite near to the city. You have to stay at the top for the night, and next early morning, if lucky, you may enjoy a wonderful view of the sunrise, which will never be forgetable indeed. In the afternoon, you may return to Nanjing by train.
I wish you could enjoy your travel.
Yours,
Li Hua.
学生习作:
Dear Alex,
Here is my suggestion about your travel during the long May Day holiday.On May 1st, you (are to) leave for Beijing by air at 8:00 am and visit the Tienanmen Square after you arrive (去除after you arrive) in the afternoon. The (去除the) next day, you could go to the Great Wall, which is the most famous place of interest in China. Maybe you will feel a little tired, so on 3rd and 4th (改为for the next two days), you could (改为can) go to the Summer Palace to have a walk (去除to have a walk) and go shopping(去除and go shopping, 因为不合逻辑)(上句可改为so for the next two days, you can go to the Summer Palace, which is not far from the city, and enjoy the wonderful view there. On May 5th, you (may) leave Beijing for Shandong by train to climb the (去除the) Mount Tai. You can stay on the top of the mountain at (改为for the) night and see (改为enjoy) the sunrise in the (去除in the) next day (去除day) morning. In the afternoon, you (are to) return to Nanjing.
I wish you could enjoy your travel.
Yours,
Li Hua.
作文点评6:
假定你是李华。你的美国朋友Alice听说中国的中小学正在实施素质教育, 来信询问有关情况。请你根据下表提供的信息, 写封回信, 谈一谈"素质教育"实施后, 你们学校生活发生的变化。
1. 上课(应试教育): 听讲、做笔记
(素质教育): 课堂活跃、 研究学习、 能力培养, 有时学生当老师
2. 课外活动(应试教育): 做不完的作业
(素质教育): 开展各种类型的活动; 唱歌舞蹈、球类活动、电脑学习、 英语角...
3. 晚上(应试教育): 听讲、做笔记
(素质教育): 看新闻、做实验、 各学科讨论
Hints for Writing: (写作过程提示)
文章可用激问的方式开头, 导出下文, 容易获得生动的效果。所谓激问是指心中本无疑而故意设问的修辞方法。
文章开头参考:
(1) I was so pleased to hear from you and I am writing to tell you something about our school life. You are right. Quite a few changes have taken place.
(2) How nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in schools in China In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to carry out quality-oriented education.
习作:
Dear Alice,
How nice to hear from you. You want to know what is going on in schools in China Now, I'll tell you about it. In the past, exam-oriented education forced us to listen to our teachers while taking notes in class. We did all kinds of exercises without end, though it was 5 o'clock in the afternoon. After supper, we had to continue our exercises far into the night. Now, quality-oriented education has made our school life colourful. We are active in class. In order to train the
ability, we often do research on study. Sometimes one of us teaches ourselves. We have various outside activities, such as singing, dancing, English corner, and taking computer lessons. Basketball and football are our favourite sports. In the evening we can watch news on TV, experiments by ourselves and have talks and discussions of our subjects.
Our school life is getting more and more colourful and interesting, and I do hope you come and see for yourself some day.
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
学生习作:
A
Dear Tom,
You wrote me a letter to ask me about our exploring study. And now, I'll tell you something about it.
As you know, in the past, the teacher taught us knowledge, and we students just listened nad learned, and sometimes do some notes. It was in the class. And after school, we just did a lot of homework. And that was our school life. But now, many things are changed. In our now classes, we can ask teachers many questions, and we students can also discuss them between each other. The atmosphere in the class is more active. After class, we also have a great varieties of activities. Such as reading books you like, going to the library, or surfing the Internet. All in all, the life now are much colourful since the exploring study has begun.
Waiting for your letter.
Yours,
Li Hua.
B
Dear Tom,
Last time you asked me about my exploring study. Here is some exciting change. We used to study in the way of listening to the teacher and writing down the points. We also had to do a lot of homework after class. That's boring! But now is quite different. The teacher will give a question before telling us the knowledge. We can have plenty og time to discuss the question and explore other things. Now I can follow my interests, such as reading my favourite books, going to library, or surfing the Internet for some information. My life becomes colourful! How about you Hoping to hear from
you.
Best wishes!
Yours, Li Hua.
C
Dear Tom,
Thank you for your letter. You told me you were interested in our exploring study and I'm glad to tell you something about it.
In the past, our friends and I just listened to thew teachers and wrote in the class. You know, it bored me much. We had to do a lot of homeworks after class.
But now I like our class very much as we can ask questions and communicatewith each other in the class. We have more and more spare time and do a lot of interesting things, such as reading books we like, going to the library and surfing the Internet.
I think everybody is wonderful and exciting. Can you understand how I am feeling now I hope I can meet you soon. And remember me to your parents.
Yours,
Li Hua.
D
Dear Tom
How nice to hear from you! You want to know something about our exploring study I don't know about others, but I used to receive knowledge from my teacher and we only put down notes. I even had to study after class, doing my endless homework and attending classes. But now, my teacher gives us the questions and we compare notes to find the answer by ourselves. Now, I have more spare time and I can follow my interests, such as reading the books which I'm interested in, going to the library or surfing the Internet. we all like this new arrangement.
Li Hua is here, making best wishes for you!
Yours,
Li Hua.
作文点评7:
假设你是李华, 你的澳大利亚朋友Dick听说中国的中小学校正在减轻学生的
学习负担, 来信询问有关情况。 请你根据下面提供的信息, 写一封回信, 谈一谈
减负给你的学习和生活带来的变化。
───────────────┬───────────────────┐
│ 周末活动(减负前) │周末活动(减负后) │
├────────────── ┼───────────────────
│白天: 上课、 做作业 │ 白天: 参观博物馆、学习电脑、绘画等 │
├───────────────┼───────────────────
│晚上: 做作业 │ 晚上: 看新闻、 读书、看报│
├───────────────┼───────────────────
│就寝时间: 11:30 │ 就寝时间: 10:30 │
└───────────────┴───────────────────
生词: 减轻学生负担 - reduce learning load
One possible version:
Dear Dick,
How nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in schools in China In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. I don't know about others, but I used to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time. I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums, and taking computer lessons. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. What's more, I can go to bed earlier. As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
【点评1】该书面表达写作是近年来最能体现该题型命题要求的好短文, 其结构的紧凑、上下文的连贯、语言的得体性, 以及文笔的流畅、遣词造句等都颇具典型性。
更为难得的是该短文注意到句型的多样化, 长短相间, 错落有致, 值得关注。
1. 文章以激问开始, 导出下文, 获得生动的效果, 为下面内容的展开开了好头。
所谓激问是指心中本无疑而故意设问的修辞方法。
文: You want to know what is going on in schools in China
激问即寓答于问的设问, 目的在于加重语气, 表达激动的感情。
激问寓答于问, 有时甚至可以不用疑问号, 而用感叹号, 或在陈述句中加用问号。
例: We are alone in solving the problem of air pollution
=Who says we are alone in solving the problem of air pollution!
由于激问写法适用性较广, 通用性较强, 使用在书面表达中常会有较好的效果,
建议NMET考生加以留意。
2. 近年来"较高级词汇或较复杂结构"为NMET书面表达评分最为看重的标准之一, 将这一标准与"上下文的连贯性""行文的连贯与流畅"以及"语言的得体性"等标准相
融合, 而该书面表达写作则生动地表现了这样的标准, 传达了书面表达写作的信
息。该题型命题要求使用"较高级词汇或较复杂结构", 但从实战看, 这确是NMET考生疏于运用或掌握的地方。解决的方法有两个, 一是搞清楚何谓"较高级词汇
或较复杂结构"; 二是如何有所准备。
文: ① ... [In short], things have begun to [improve] since schools were [called on] to reduce learning load.
② ..., but I [used to] work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes [as well].
③ I can [follow my own interests] such as reading books, ... ④ [What's more], I can go to bed earlier.
⑤ [As far as I know], everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.
(说明: []表示"较高级词汇或较复杂结构"即与众不同的部分。)
3. 通过观察, 可以看到该书面表达"较高级词汇或较复杂结构"的使用与"上下文的连贯性", 即有效地使用语句间的连接成分有关联, 使得全文结构紧凑, 可读性增强。所谓"有效地使用语句间的连接成分"是指通过过渡性词语来控制整个事件的描述过程。
文: ① [In short], things have begun ... ② I don't know about oknow about others, [but]...
③ [Now] I have more free time. ④ In the evenings I can watch news on TV [or] read newspapers.
⑤ [What's more], I can go to bed... ⑥ [As far as I know], everyone is happy...
It was 7:15 「on」the morning of February 8, 2000. I was walking「along」 Park Road 「towards」the east when an elderly man came「out of」 the park 「on」 the other side of the street. Then I saw a yellow car drive 「up」Third Street and make a right turn 「into」 Park Road. The next moment the car hit the man while he was crossing the road. He fell 「with」 a cry. The car didn't stop but drove「off」「at」great speed heading west. I noticed the driver was a young woman and the plate number was AC864. About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man 「to」the nearest hospital.
NMET单项填空试题命题重点
高考英语单项填空试题命题内容多, 涉及范围广, 但以下内容可以认为是NMET单项填空试题命题重点, 请注意研读。
考点1 指代内容模糊的`it'的命题
I hate when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. these D. them
题解: 这是it的较难的用法。it在题中指代的内容十分模糊, 可以认为指某种情形,考点2 现在分词用作状语, 而其逻辑主语模糊的命题
European football is played in 80 countries, it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
题解: (1) 选项A"making" 相当于"which makes"; which引出非限定性的定语从句, 修饰"European football is played in 80 countries"全句。
(2) 现在分词用作状语, 其逻辑主语模糊的情形极少见到, 从理论上说, making倒更像是个介词。
考点3 带有宾语复合结构的介词`with'的命题
production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
题析: 选项A应改为As production is up by 60%; 选项B应改为The company has had another excellent year, for production is up by 60%.;
选项C`with'是唯一带有宾语复合结构的介词, 用法广泛, 可译为`随着...'。
考点4 `Now that'引出状语从句的命题
you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as
题解: Now that(既然)' →`Now that' often gives an explanation.
Now that I'm older, I don't mind so much what people think.
考点5 倒叙命题
从这一角度命题的特点是将原本可以正常表述的内容断开, 将后半段提到前面。这一命题方式既考虑到了语言交际性的特点, 又容易增强命题的隐蔽性, 凸显命题的层次感。解题时, 可以考虑将题干交代的顺序抚正, 或将题干的后半部看作是省略, 将其补齐, 都可收到良好效果。
1. I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some .
A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time
题析: I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some in case.
=I'll bring some money in case I'll need any.
解题时, 可将in case之后看作省去了I'll need some money。
例: Take some warm clothes in case the weather is cold.
=The weather is not cold, but take some warm clothes in case (the weather is cold).
2. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can't remember.
A. where B. there C. which D. that
题析: 将选项C代入题干, 即正常表述顺序:
I can't remember which university (or town) Dr Black comes from, Oxford or Cambridge.
应语为: He comes from Oxford.
3. Rather than on a crowded bus, he always prefers a bicycle.
A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
题析: 测试结构: prefer + to do sth + rather than + do sth考点6 `But she promised!'式的命题
将原本可以完整表述的内容, 拆成两部分, 并设计成对话形式, 是近年NMET项填空命制上出现的新情况。
1. --Nancy is not coming tonight.
--But she !
A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised
题解: 相当于`Nancy is not coming tonight, but she promised!'
2. --I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
--Oh, did you You with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
题解: 选项A"could have stayed"表示"原本能待在一起, 但却没待"的意思, 暗含惊讶的意味。此题从语法上来说, 属于"混合型虚拟语气"的范畴。
此题=I could have stayed with Barbara while in New York, but I didn't. I stayed at a hotel
类例: --I knew a little about French while in Paris.
--Oh, did you You could have helped your parents.
考点7 `not'避免重复命题
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
题解: 此题的命制依据如下规则:
`Not can be used to make short negative(否定) clauses which avoid (避免) repeating(重复) part of the previous(先前的) clause, often the verb. It is often used in this way to make a correction(修订) or distinction(区别):
(1) This may be a day late, not a fortnight I hope. (2) I was laughing, not crying.
(3) He found it on the floor, not on the shelf. (4) See you on the 25th, if not before.
考点8 有`Alice, you...'加入的附加问句命题
-- Alice, you feed the bird today,
-- But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you B. will you C. didn't you D. don't you
题解: i. 此题由于有`Alice, you'的加入, 使答案不能一目了然。此种命题思路强调活用语言和规则, 这正是NMET命题近年出现的一个显著倾向。
ii. 解题时, 可对关键句`Alice, you feed the bird today,' 作如下转换, 以化解难度, 澄清脉络, 印证答案。
`Alice, you feed the bird today, will you '
=`Feed the bird today, will you, Alice '
iii. 选项D `don't you'则是`You, Alice, feed the bird every day,'的反意附加形式, 故不用。
考点9 分词的命题
1．______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A．To wait B．Have waited C．Having waited D．To have waited
题解: 该题测试分词短语作状语。相当于:
Tom had been waiting in the queue for half an hour when he suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
2. The Olympic Games, in 776 B. C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
题解: i. (用[]将省略的成分补齐)
选项C =The Olympic Games, [which was] first played in 776 B. C.,
did not include women players until 1912.
ii. 选项B为不定式。用作定语时, 所表示的动作一般都还未发生, 从逻辑上看, 属将来时的范畴, 故不用。
3. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door "Sorry to miss you; will call later. "
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
题解: 选项D`reading'用作`message'的定语, 相当于`which read'; `read'一词意为`上面写着'。 类例: The ticket reads `From New York to Boston.'
4. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
题解: 分词构句意义上的主语必须与句子的主语相同, 为NMET单项填空常考试题。
(A) more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
考点10 [祈使句 + and/or =if条件句]的命题
it with me and I'll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
题解: 此题测试考生对一个重要句式的掌握, 即:
[祈使句 + and/or =if条件句]
Work hard, and you will succeed.
Work hard, or you will fail.
考点11 巧妙的命题`get paid =get their pay'等
1. Cleaning women in big cities usually get by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
题解: (1) usually get paid = are usually paid; get=be (2) get paid =get their pay
(3) 由于动词get兼有行为动词与系动词两种用法, pay兼有动词与名词两种用法, 又由于pay用作名词时, 要与冠词或相当于冠词的词连用,使得该题答案的判断过程甚为复杂。
2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
题析: carried out 用作宾语补足语, 表明与宾语`plan'的关系; 相当于
They would like to see the plan carried out the next year.
考点12 极为重要的高考英语实词用法的命题
1. Wait till you are more . It's better to be sure than sorry.
A. inspired B. satisfied C. calm D. certain
题解: 通过题干中的信息词`sure', 选出其同义词`certain'。
2. It's always difficult being in a foreign country, if you don't speak the language.
A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially
题解: 选项D `especially'在句中和(条件)状语连用。请看例句:
(1) I like the country, especially in spring. (2) Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.
(3) I expected a more enthusiastic(热情的) welcome, especially considering it is the first time I have come here.
3. him and then try to copy what he does.
A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch
题解: 选项A`mind him' 意为`look after him', 不合文意; 选项B和C都可以与其后的宾语`him'搭配使用, 但`him'应处于静止状态, 与文意`copy what he does'不符。可以说`Watch him =Watch what he does', 但却没有`Glare/Stare at him
= Glare/Stare at what he does'。
类例: Watch what he does/how he does it/where he puts the ring.
He should watch his weight--he's getting really quite a tummy.
4. -- Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls
-- Yes. They have better players, so I them to win.
A. hope B. prefer C. expect D. want
题解: 选项A`hope'没有`hope somebody to do something'的用法, 故不用。 选项B
应用在`They have better players, but I prefer the Bulls to win.'情景中。
选项C`expect somebody to do something'期待某人做某事, 符合文意。
5. They the train until it disappeared in the distance.
A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. observed
题解: (1) 选项B"watched"一般后面接用动态的物体。 (2) 选项A"saw"一般后面接用静态的物体。
(3) 选项D"observed"指观察。 (4) 题干中若无"until it disappeared", 则可选用选项A。
6. Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare - you must learn to .
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
题析: `spare' 匀出; `share'共享
考点13 交际英语的命题
1. -It's been a wonderful evening. Thank you very much.
-- .
A. My pleasure B. I'm glad to hear that C. No, thanks D. It's OK
题解:`My pleasure'用于表示乐意做某事的场合。
例: --Thank you for helping me.
--It was a pleasure.
=It was my pleasure.
2. -Waiter!
-
-I can't eat this. It's too salty.
A. Yes, sir B. What C. All right D. Pardon
题解: 干扰性较强的选项B`What '表示惊愕或恼怒, 是一感叹词:
What I can't believe it! They can't do that.
3. -What about having a drink
-
A. Good idea. B. Help yourself. C. Go ahead, please. D. Me, too.
题解: 选项A `Good idea.'=That'a good idea.
What about having a drink 为建议用语。
=How about having a drink
=Why don't we have a drink
4. -- I had a readlly good weekend at my uncle's.
-- .
A. Oh, that's very nice of you. B. Congratulations C. It's a pleasure D. Oh, I'm glad to hear that
题解: 选项D =Oh, glad to hear it. [(I'm) glad to hear it]
→a phrase expressing pleasure at what the speaker has just said
□ Sally: We have a nice car, finally.
Mary: I'm glad to hear it.
□ Tom: Is your sister feeling better
Bill: Oh, yes, thanks.
Tom: Glad to hear it.
ii. 选项A =Oh, thank you very much.
选项C应是I had a really good weekend at my uncle's.的延续, 而非应语。此外还需注意如此使用的`It's my pleasure.'应改为`It was a pleasure.'
5. --Can I get you a cup of tea
-- .
A. That's very nice of you B. With pleasure C. You can, please D. Thank you for the tea.
题解: 选项B应用在如下语境:
--Can you get me a cup of tea
--With pleasure.
选择A, 应为: Thank you, please.
6. —Do you think I could borrow your dictionary
— .
A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you could C. Yes, help yourself D. Yes, go on
题解: 问句中用could 是请求对方帮忙或同意自己做某事时的婉转用语, 而在答语中则无需婉转。因此本题问话的简略答语可以是 Yes, you can. 而不可以是B项
`Yes, you could.' 完整答语不可以是选项A, 应改为`Yes, you may (can)borrow it.' 。
选项C`help yourself'是`自己取用'的意思。
选项D也可改为`Yes, go ahead.'表示同意, 意思是`用吧'。
7. — I'd like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr Smith.
— .
A. Oh, no. Let's not B. I'd rather stay at home
C. I'm very sorry, but I have other plans D. Oh, no. That'll be too much trouble
题解: 选项A可以是Shall we go swimming in that river this Saturday 的应语。
选项B可以是We'll go swimming in that river this Saturday.的应语。
选项D可以是Shall we go climbing that mountain this Saturday 的应语。
考点14 词序命题
近年NMET单项填空试题的命制中常有对词序的考查, 应引起注意。
1. to take this adventure course will certainly learn
a lot of useful skills.
A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students
C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave
题析: 选项C Students brave enough =Students who are brave enough
作副词用的enough修饰形容词时应置于其后。
2. If I had , I'd visit Europe, stopping at all the small
interesting places.
A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday
C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough
题析:(1) 选项A =a holiday long enough
(2) 副词enough在修饰形容词时, 只能置于其后。
(3) enough修饰形容词, 形容词修饰名词, 都置于名词之前的用法, 在教学中
较少用到, 在NMET命题中也不多见。
类例: a good enough price
3. We'll have to finish the job, D .
A. long it takes however B. it takes however long
C. long however it takes D. however long it takes
题析: `however long it takes =no matter how long it takes'
没有选项A、B、C三种表达方式, 故不选。
考点15 短语与搭配用法在NMET单项填空中的命题
1．I don't ______ rock'n'roll. It's much too noisy for my taste.
A．go after B．go away with C．go into D．go in for
题解: 该题测试短语"go in for", 意思是"参与"。选项A"go after"的意思是"追赶",
选项C"go into"的意思是"进入、就业", 都与句意不合, 故不用。
答案: D
对于短语的测试是NMET命题的重要内容。 请看NMET2004(福建)第33题:
It is certain that he will ___(C)___ his business to his son when he gets old.
A. take over B. think over C. hand over D. go over
2. Your performance in the driving test didn't reach the required standard -- , you failed.
A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time
题解: `in other words'意为 `换句话说'。用于使用另一方式表述相同内容的场合。
类例: I soon found that the work I was doing had already been done by someone else - in other words, I was wasting my time.
3. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the light happened to .
A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out
题解: go out 指"熄灭"。
4. She his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right.
A. looked up B. looked for C. picked out D. picked up
题解: `look up'(查找) → look up a word; look up a number
`look for'(寻找) → look for a missing boy; look for a job
5. It is wise to have some money for old age.
A. put away B. kept up C. given away D. laid up
题解: `put away'表示'将某物搁放在一边, 暂时不用'之意。
6. I don't believe any of it. You must have made the whole story.
A. out B. up C. for D. with
题解: (以up为中心构成的短语)
get up 起床 come up 走近, 发芽 hurry up 赶快 grow up 成长
call up 打电话 give up 放弃 pick up 拾起 send up 发射
look up 查阅 put up 张贴 eat up 吃光 keep up 保持, 维持
break up 解体; 崩溃 make up 组成 dry up 使干涸 bring up 抚养大
set up 建立 do up 头发向上梳挽 fill up 装满 stay up 熬夜
take up 从事 warm up 变暖; 热身 sit up 熬夜 rise up 起义
dress up 化妆 join up 连接起来 build up 建立起来 hang up 把...挂起来
hold up 举起 add up 加起来 stand up 起立
7. The police were a search for the body of the man who disappeared.
A. doing B. making C. taking D. giving
题解: (以make为中心构成的短语)
make cloth (a machine, a hat, a road, a railway, a canal) make a fire (the bed, a hole, a noise)
make a speech (a suggestion, a promise, a request, a remark) make a record (a will, a copy, an experiment)
make a journey (an effort, an offer) make progress (friends, faces, no difference)
make fun of; make a fool of; make a rush for; make use of; make choice of
make money; make ends meet; make one's way
8. I hate to rules on anything.
A. give B. have C. set D. show
题解: (以set为中心构成的短语)
set a table (a chair) set something right (straight, up, down, on, etc)
set a clock (=put hands in right position) set a price on a horse
9. Will you me a favour, please
A. give B. make C. do D. bring
题解: (以do为中心构成的短语)
do a good deed 做好事 do away with 去掉,废除 do good to 对...有益 do harm to对...有害
do sb. wrong 冤枉某人 do one's best尽力 do one's homework 做作业 do some cleaning扫除
do some cooking做饭 do up头发向上梳挽 do well in sth.在...方面做得不错 do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙
考点16 动词进行时态的命题
近年NMET单项填空在对动词时态的命制上, 较多地选用进行时, 并为此设计出有较大思考空间的试题。对此现象, 应引起注意。
1．—What's that terrible noise
—The neighbors ______ for a party.
A．have prepared B．are preparing C．prepare D．will prepare
题解: What's that terrible noise =What is that terrible noise
问句中的现在时态决定答语用现在进行时。选项A是指"邻居们已准备好了聚会。" 与发出声响无关, 故不用。
对进行时态的测试是NMET命题的重要内容。 请看NMET2004(福建)第21题:
--You were out when I fropped in at your house.
--Oh, I __(A)____ for a friend from England at the airport.
A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited
2. -- Hey, look where you are going!
-- Oh, I'm terribly sorry. .
A. I'm not noticing B. I wasn't noticing C. I haven't noticed D. I don't notice
题解: 此题的关键处在`look where you are going'中的进行时态。解题时, 可将问句作如下变化, 以利理解:
- Hey, look where you are going! You are not noticing (where you are going)!
- Oh, I'm terribly sorry. (到此时, 答话人已意识到刚才的行为, 故用过去
进行时接上句) I wasn't noticing (just now).
3. I don't think Jim saw me; he into space.
A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared
题解: 此题也与`倒叙'命题有关。将叙述顺序相调, 会有助于解题。
I don't think Jim saw me; he was just staring into space.
=He was just staring into space; I don't think Jim saw me.
4. —Is this raincoat yours
—No, mine there behind the door.
A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung
题解: 此题虽为现在进行时, 但在命题上与其前也有相似之处。
i. 选项A中的进行时含暂时之意, 如:
Your coat is hanging in the hall.
ii. 选项C中的一般时则表状态, 表"某地挂有某物"之意, 如:
(1) The picture hangs now in my library. (2) Above it hung an oil painting by Beryl.
iii. 选项B中的完成时应使用其被动语态形式: has been hung, 而且句子主语也要变化, 如:
All the walls have been hung with my pictures.
考点17 动词完成时态的命题
1．The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ______ by 2007.
A．has been completed B．has completed
C．will have been completed D．will have completed
题解: 题干中"by 2007"决定动词要使用将来完成时, 又由于complete为及物动词,
construction work是其宾语, 故选用选项C。
2. -How are you today
-Oh, I as ill as I do now for a very long time.
A. didn't feel B. wasn't feeling C. don't feel D. haven't felt
题析: 〈译〉-- 今天感觉怎么样
-- 我很久未曾病得像现在这样。(意思是指今天病得实在不轻。)
I haven't felt as ill as I do now for a very long time.
=I haven't felt as ill for a very long time as I do now.
=For a very long time, I haven't felt as ill as I do now.
选项A应用在`-How did you feel yesterday -I didn't feel as ill as
I do now.'的情景中。
考点18 不定式完成时态的命题
1. Robert is said abroad, but I don't know what country he
studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
题解: 此题的关键处在`what country he studied in'。不定式的完成时可以表示过去时, 此处用`to have studied'与句中`studied'相配合。
类例: He is said to have been rich twenty years ago.
2. I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
题解: would love; meant; hoped; desired; expected; planned; promised;
wished; wanted; etc. 与完成时态的不定式连用, 以表示其过去原本希望过,但未实现的意思, 是动词不定式中不常见的用法, 也是不定式中较难的用法。此种用法常加上but并列句。
seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported 等动词常用于上述句型。
(1) That beggar seems (A) anything.
A. not to have eaten B. not to eat C. didn't eat D. to not have eaten
(2) I know him (A) a good football player while in college.
A. to have been B. to be C. was D. had been
考点19 较难掌握的情态词命题
1. -I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
--It true because there was little snow there.
A. may not be B. won't be C. couldn't be D. mustn't be
题解: can用在否定句与疑问句中表推测; 而在肯定句中用 may 表示 "或许",
用 must 表示 "一定"。
2. -Are you coming to Jeff's party
-I'm not sure. I go to concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
题解: 选项A`must'和C`should'都应是`I'm quite sure'的补充。
选项D`might'含不确定因素, 与`I'm not sure'的意思相吻合。
答案: D
3. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get
out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
题解: 表示过去有能力并实际上成功地做到某事, 要用"was/were able to", 不用
"could"。 没有做到可用`couldn't' 或`wasn't able to'表示。
4. --When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon.
--They be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
题解: (1) 选项B"should"表示"按理应当...; 估计..."。
① They should be there by now, I think. ② The poems should be out in a month at most.
③ We needn't get ready yet; the guests shouldn't come for another hour.
(2) 选项A"can"表示"可能", 应用在顾客的身上, 即:
I need them tomorrow afternoon. They can be ready by 12:00.
考点20 新、巧的指代词命题
1．I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but ______ of them came.
A．neither B．either C．none D．both
题解: neither指两者都不, none指三者或三者以上都不。
对代词指代关系的测试是NMET命题的重要内容。 请看NMET2004(福建)第22题:
--Which of the three ways shall I take to the village
-- (C) way as you please.
A. each B. Every C. Any D. Either
2. -Why don't we take a little break
-Didn't we just have
A. it B. that C. one D. this
题解: i. break表示`间歇、休息时间'时, 为可数名词。
(1) Let's take a short break for lunch. (2) Both houses took several short breaks during the year.
ii. little 修饰某些可数名词时, 可以表示`一小段'。
Then he made a little speech.
答案: C
3. -- Are the new rules working
-- Yes, books are stolen.
A. Few B. More C. Some D. None
题解: `working'意思是`起作用'。根据题意选用有否定意味的形容词`few'。
选项D `None'应改为`None of the', 或`No'。
4. Few pleasures can equal of a cool drink on a hot day.
A. some B. any C. that D. those
题解: i. `that of a cool drink =the pleasure of a cool drink'
ii. 选项A、B无法指代 pleasure, 故不用。
5. If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay
$15.
A. another B. other C. more D. each
题解: another $15 =$15 more
考点21 一题两点的冠词命题
1. Paper money was in use in China when Marco Polo visited
the country in thirteen century.
A. the; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填
题解: 此题涉及两个固定的英语表达方式, 即
(1) in use (在使用) →反意表达为out of use If this is not in use, I'd like to borrow it.
(2) in the thirteenth century (在13世纪)
→英语中序数词要与定冠词连用。
答案: C
2．______ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is ______ major concern of the country.
A．The；不填 B．the; a C．An; the D．An；不填
题解: 题干中"on-going"的意思是"在进行中", "division"的意思是"分歧", "major concern"的意思是"重大关心"。该题的意思是"讲英语的加拿大人与讲法语的加拿大人正在出现的分歧成了全国最为关注的大事"。
3. Most animals have little connection with animals of different kind unless they kill them for food.
A. the; a B. 不填; a C. the; the D. 不填; the
题解: 〈译〉大多数的动物同另类动物联系很少, 除非它们把另类动物当作食物吃掉。
`of ... kind' ...种类
例: I follow my own opinions not hers in questions of this kind.
I don't like people of that kind.
animals of a different kind 相当于 a different kind of animals
a (different) kind of 含冠词的功能, 故animals不再与冠词连用。
4. Many people agree that knowledge of English is a must in
international trade.
A. a; 不填 B. the; an C. the; the D. 不填; the
题解: i. knowledge 与不定冠词连用, 表示"对...有某种程度的了解"。
(1) A knowledge of language is always useful. (2) He has a wide/good knowledge of history/London.
ii. trade(贸易、买卖) →作不可数名词用
(1) International trade is important to us all. (2) England does a lot of trade with Australia.
考点22 近年较为多见的定语从句命题
对于定语从句的考查, 近年也有增多的趋向, 对此应引起关注。
1. Carol said the work would be done by October, personally
I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
题解: which引导出非限定性的定语从句。which =the work would be done by October.
该定语从句相当于: Personally I doubt very much that the work will be
done by October.
2．George Orwell, ______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and
essays.
A．the real name B．what his real name C．his real name D．whose real name
题解: 该题测试由关系代词"whose"引出的定语从句。英语中, 句与句的衔接应当使用
从属连词或并列连词。
3. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ,
of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
题解: `which'引出非限定性的定语从句。which =Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play and this
4．______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A．It B．As C．That D．What
题解: 若将"As is reported in the newspapers"后置, 意思则更加清楚, 关系更为
明确, 即: Talks between the two countries are making progress, as is reported in the newspapers. as引出定语从句。
考点23 连词`before、while'的命题有新意
1. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since C. until D. before
题解: 选项D `before'意为`还未来得及做某事, 就...', 以此说明前面动作结束之快。
点评: 不把连词before当作"在......之前"的这种用法还出现在NMET98书面表达的答案里: The time passed quickly. Before we knew it, we had to say goodbye to the workers. 由于该句式的使用, 使得该书面表达的结尾精彩、 有力。再请看其他例证:
(1) Before I had time to reply, he went away. 我还没来得及回答他就走了。
(2) I had not waited long before she came. 我没等多久她就来了。
(3) It was midnight before he returned. 他直到午夜时分才回来。
(4) It was long before she came. 她过了很久才来。
(5) It was not long before she came. 她没过多久就来了。
(6) They had not been married a month before they quarrelled. 他们结婚还没到一个月就反目了。
2. -- I'm going to the post office.
-- you're there, can you get me some stamps
A. As B. While C. Because D. If
题解: i. `while'含`趁着你在那儿' 之意。
The teacher often says,`Ask me more questions while I'm here.'
ii. 选项A、C应改为As/Because you are going to the post office。
考点24 强调句的命题
1. It is the ability to do the job matters not where you
come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
题解: 此题考查强调句, 强调句的句型为:
It is/was + 强调成分 + that 从句。
答案: B
2. It was only when I reread his poems recently I began to
appreciate their beauty.
A. until B. that C. then D. so
题解: 该题的强调成分为"only when I reread his poems recently"。
考点25 状语从句的命题
1. You should make it a rule to leave things you can
find them again.
A. when B. where C. then D. there
题解: We leave something in a place or state(状态):
(1) I have left my key ┃at home.
(2) He left his watch ┃in the hotel.
(3) He left it ┃where he had found it.
(4) Leave the cat ┃alone.
2. After the war, a new school building was put up there had once been a theatre.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
题解: 选项B`where'引出一个表地点的副词从句。
3. Why do you want a new job you've got a good one already
A. that B. where C. which D. when
题解: 选项D"when"引出一个时间状语从句。
4. The WTO cannot live up to its name it does not include
a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.
A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though
题析: 〈译〉 如果世界贸易组织不把一个占世界人口五分之一的国家囊括进来就
名不符实。
考点26 不定式与动名词的命题
1. Last summer I took a course on .
A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made
题解: [疑问词 + 不定式 = 名词短语]
2. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to .
A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on
题解: 当副词用的不定式用其主动形式修饰形容词。
Habits are easy to make but hard to break.
3. I would appreciate back this afternoon.
A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you're calling
题解: 下列动词或动词短语之后接用动名词, 不可接用不定式:
complete (完成) finish (完成) enjoy (非常喜欢) mind (反对)
practice (练习) resist (抵抗) can't help (情不自禁) put off (推迟)
get through (完成) burst out (突然) consider (认为) risk (冒险)
understand (了解) report (报告) excuse (原谅) delay (耽搁)
imagine (想象) miss (错过) prevent (阻挡) give up (放弃) suggest (建议)
4. We agreed here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.
A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met
题解: 只接用不定式的动词:
agree/fail/arrange/decide/hope/expect/refuse/want/manage/ hurry/prepare/promise/pretend/think/wish
答案: C
介绍NMET完形填空的几种较为有效的解题方法
作答NMET完形填空题, 除了使用比较、 推理、判断、 逻辑等方法或手段以外, 还可借助事实先决、事实后决、同比排除、反比否定等方法。
1. 事实先决
所谓`事实先决'是指在选项中同时出现符合文意或接近事实的情形, 考生面对此类情形可用`事实先决`的方法解题, 即按逻辑顺序对事实加以梳理和排序, 找出第一事实或首要事实, 问题才有可能迎刃而解。
以NMET2000为例:
例1: And there on a well-made bed sat Amy, my new [ ], dressed
neatly.
(A) A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbour D. companion
题解: 选项[A]`roommate'指`同住宿舍一室的人'。 作者并非在教室等处首次遇到Amy, 故排除掉选项[B]`classmate'; 也并非在宿舍楼道等处首次遇到Amy, 故排除掉选项[C]`neighbour', 至于选项[D]`companion(伙伴), 在逻辑顺序上, 应先有 classmate, 后有companion。此题选项无论从命制上看, 还是从解题上说, 都具备典型性, 是研读NMET完形填空命制以及解释所谓有关`事实先决'的解题方法的好题材。
例2: Finally I turned the key in the lock and (1) the door
open, with Dad still complaining(抱怨) about a hurting knee or something.
(C) (1) A. knocked B. forced C. pushed D. tried
一般开门动作的顺序是:
turn the key 转动钥匙 → open the door =push the door open 把门推开 → force the door open 把门用力推开(如有必要)
例3: I knew then that Amy and I would be (2) and my first year of college would be a success.
(B) (2) A. sisters B. friends C. students D. fellows
题解: 四个选项都存在符合文意的事实或成为以后发展成该事实的逻辑或可能性,考生面对此类情形, 就可以考虑使用`事实先决`的方法解题, 对事实加以梳理和排序: 受到时态`would be'的限制, 事实逻辑应是: 选项[B] friends为第一事实, 选项[A]`sisters'为第二事实。选项[C]`students'指经过学校录取成为学生, 在此文中, 显然是一个已知的事实, 绝无可能与文中时态`would be'搭配使用, 故不用。选项[D]`fellows'指`同伴', `Amy and I would be
...'中的`be', 相当于`become', 若与`fellows'连用, 显然不合乎逻辑。
以NMET99为例:
People of Burlington are being disturbed by the sound of bells. Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the (1) and have made up their minds to (2) the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest(抗议) against heavy trucks which run (3) through the narrow High Street.
(D) (1) A. college B. village C. town D. church
(C) (2) A. change B. repair C. ring D. shake
(B) (3) A. now and then B. day and night C. up and down D. over and over
题解:(1) 对事实加以排序, `the bell tower'为建筑物`church'的组成部分(通过介词`of'表明此种关系), 选项[D]church排序第一。
2. 事实后决
所谓`事实后决'是指在选项中出现悬而难决的情形, 答案选项有可能是不曾知 晓的表达, 考生面对类似情形可用`事实后决`的方法解题, 即过滤掉明显不合文意 的选项, 最后决定答案项。`事实后决'与过去常说到的解题方法`排除法'接近。
以NMET2000为例:
But [ ], would there be a chair in Room 316
(D) A. in fact B. by chance C. once more D. then again
题解: (1) `but then again'这一表达并未出现在2000年考纲词汇表或中学教科书中。考生面对类似情形可用`排除法'解题, 即过滤掉明显不合文意的选项。就此题来说, 选项[A] =actualy, 意为 `事实上'; 选项[B]意为`偶然'; 选项[C] 意为`再次', 分别代入, 会发现与文意相去甚远, 故排除。
(2) `but then again' 为一表达法, 意思是`although something is true,something else is also true which makes the first thing seem less important.'
例: I don't spend much, but then again I don't go out much.
He's clumsy(苯手苯脚的), but then again, he's always willing to help.
→`but then again'相当于中文的`可是话又说回来'。
Burlington isn't much more than a (1) village. Its streets were never (2) for heavy trucks.
(C) (1) A. pretty B. quiet C. large D. modern
(B) (2) A. tested B. meant C. kept D. used
题解:(1、2)
i. 译为`伯灵顿最多算个大点儿的村落; 伯灵顿的街道绝非用来通行重型卡车。'
ii. `A is not (much) more than B.'的意思是`A不(很)像B那样'。
iii. `mean ... for'的意思是`打算把...给...; 把...当做...'。请看类例:
(1) I meant this camera for my daughter. (2) I meant this picture for a cat.(我这张画儿原本是要画成猫的。)
(3) She meant her son for a lawyer.
3. 反比否定
所谓`反比否定'是指从选项相反意思的假设入手去印证该选项正确与否。与使用`事实后决'的方法一样, `反比否定'常用对在对选项较难作出判断, 或对选项较难作出印证的情形中。
以[NMET2000]为例:
Finally I turned the key in the lock and [ ] the door open,with Dad still complaining(抱怨) about a hurting knee or something.
(C) A. knocked B. forced C. pushed D. tried
选项[A、B]含`把门用力弄开', 意指门原本被牢牢关闭, 不易打开。在上下文无特别交待的情形下, `knock/force'意指平时门都要在`强力'的作用下才能打开, 一般的`open/push'是打不开的, 这当然有悖事理。而选项[D]`try the door open'可用于像首次打开如地宫之门之类。若选用`try the door open', 则意指平时门都要在像首次打开如地宫之门那样才能打开。
4. 同比排除
所谓`同比排除'是指从选项设置有可能存在相同性与答案则只能具有唯一性这一矛盾入手, 排除意同或类别同的选项。此一命题现象在NMET完形填空中多有出现, 请留意。
以[NMET2000]为例:
例1: Finally I turned the key in the lock and 40 the door open, with Dad still complaining(抱怨) about a hurting knee or something.
(C) A. knocked B. forced C. pushed D. tried
选项[A]`knocked'与选项[B]`forced'在干扰角度上相同, 可一并排除。
例2: But to my [ ], the room wasn't empty at all! It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the walls.
(C) A. regret B. disappointment C. surprise D. knowledge
题解: (1) 选项[A]`regret'意指`使某人感到遗撼的是'与选项[B]`disappoint-ment'意指`使某人感到失望的是'在干扰角度上相同, 可一并排除。
(2) 作者打开房门后所看到的情形完全出乎意料, 故选用C`surNMET2006高考英语备考工作意见
北京四中 齐平昌
高考英语阅读理解
NMET2005 Fujian
Walk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it is steamy ,warm ,damp and thick .But if you had been around 15,000 years ago, during the last ice age ,would it have been the same For more than 30 years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests like the Amazon might have reacted（反应）to the cold ,dry climates of the ice ages ,but until now ,no one has reached a satisfying answer.
Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming . Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tonnes of CO2 each year; equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. But how will the Amazon react to future climate change If it gets drier ,will it still survive and continue to draw down CO2 Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past.
Unfortunately ,getting into the Amazon rainforest and collecting information are very difficult .To study past climate ,scientists need to look at fossilized pollen ,kept in lake muds .Going back to the last ice age means drilling deep down into lake sediments （沉淀物）,which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery .There are very few roads and paths ,or places to land helicopters and aeroplanes .Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest ,but this still leaves vast ares between the rivers completely unsampled（未取样）.So far ,only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide enough information to prove how the Amazon rainforest reacts to climate change.
64．The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means .
A．cleaning up B．taking in C．wiping out D．giving out
65．How will the Amazon rainforest react to future climate change
A．It’ll get drier and continue to remove CO2 . B．It’ll remain steamy ,warm ,damp and thick .
C．It’ll get warmer and then colder and drier. D．There is no exact answer up to present.
66．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph
A．It’s important to drill deep down into lake sediments to collect information.
B．It’s impossible to prove how climate changes in the Amazon rainforest.
C．It’s hard to collect information for studies of the past climate in the Amazon rainforest.
D．It’s necessary to have specialized equipment and machinery to study the past climate.
67．The best title for this passage may probably be .
A．Studies of the Amazon B．Climates of the Amazon
C．Secrets of the Rainforests D．Changes of the Rainforests
NMET2005 Zhejiang
Supermarkets are trying out new computers that make shopping carts more intelligent (具备智能的). They will help shoppers find cups or toilet soap, and keep a record of the bill.
The touch-screen devices (触摸屏装置) are on show at the Food Marketing Institute's exhibition here this week. "These devices are able to create value and get you around the store quicker," said Michael Alexandor, manager of Springboard Retail Networks Inc., which makes a smart cart computer called the Concierge.
Canadian stores will test the Concierge in July. A similar device, IBM's "shopping buddy," has recently been test-marketed at Stop & Shop stores in Massachusetts.
Neither device tells you how many fat grams or calories are in your cart, but they will flash you with items on sale. The idea is to make it easier for people to buy, not to have second thoughts that maybe you should put something back on the shelf.
"The whole model is driven by advertisers' need to get in front of shoppers," said Alexandor. "They're not watching 30-second TV ads anymore."
People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists. Once at the store, a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system (系统) that will organize the trip around the store. If you're looking for toothpicks, you type in the word or pick it from a list, and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.
The devices also keep a record of what you buy. When you're finished, the device figures out your bill. Then you go to the checker or place your card into a self-checkout stand and pay.
The new computerized shopping assistants don't come cheap. The Buddy devices will cost the average store about $160,000, and the Concierge will cost stores about $500 for each device.
53. The underlined word “they” (paragraph 1) refers to_________.
A．supermarkets B．shop assistants C．shopping carts D．shop managers
54. Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts
a. Start the system. b. Make a shopping list.
c. Find the things you want. d. Go to a self-checkout stand.
A．abdc B．bacd C．acbd D．bcad
55. We can learn from the last paragraph that_________.
A．intelligent shopping carts cost a large sum of money B．the Concierge is cheaper than the Buddy devices
C．shop assistants with computer knowledge are well paid D．average stores prefer the Concierge to the Buddy devices
56. What might be the most suitable title for the text
A．New age for supermarkets B．Concierge and Shopping Buddy
C．New computers make shopping carts smarter D．Touch-screen devices make shopping enjoyable
NMET短文改错的命题与解题
(NMET2005FJ)
Dear friends,
It is real a good chance to have met all of you here. 76.____really____
We have spent several precious weekend in learning in the 77. _weekends_ _
English Club, Although we have been members for a short 78. ____√_____
period of time, we have made a great progress. That is 79. _a_______
because we are all very much active and the activities are not 80. ___much_____
only enjoyable and also helpful, Besides, the foreign teachers 81. ____but_____
here work hard and try his best to make the activities 82. ____their____
lively and interested. I am very pleased to say that all of 83. _interesting__
us /\ greatly improved our spoken English so far. I am 84. ___have___ _
looking forward to see all of you again in the near future! 85. ___seeing____
Thank you.
（NMET2004FJ）
I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. She is our 76． whose
monitor and one of the excellent students in our class. 77． √
Clever as she is, [but] she words very hard .We have a 78． [but]
lot on common and have a lot to talk about .One evening she 79． in
told me that something happened when her parents was out . 80． were
She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when 81．homework
she smelt something burning.Shen stopped ∧ look out 82．to
of the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out 83．found
of her neighbor’s house .She called 119 immediate .Ten 84．immediately
minutes late, the firemen came and put out ∧ fire. Her neighbor 85．the
was very thankful for her help.
NMET书面表达值得注意的写作方法
高考英语考生对书面表达不相适应的情形愈发突出。书面表达水准较低的原因在于考生缺乏写作的基本常识和训练。
1. 认识英语写作的基本特点：
语序与信息：人们通过语言传递的信息是一个片断一个片断进行的。一个信息片断可以是一个句子，信息片断传递的信息可粗略地分为已知信息和新信息。一个信息片断最显著的部分有二：一是传递信息的起点，即处于句首的主位，另一个是新信息中最重要的部分，即信息中心。 主位通常传递已知信息，信息中心位于句尾传递新信息。从信心分布的情况说，英语句中最重要的信息一般出现在末端，称为末端中心；从结构分布上看， 英语句中结构形式较长，较复杂的成分一般也向后推移，这种结构配置称为句尾重心。这两条原则是决定英语结构次序的重要依据。
2. 句尾重心---补述的写作手法
补述分并列补述和后位补述两种。补述的特点是既可以使语言连贯, 又可以收到简练、生动的效果, 有时又能适时地表现当事人内心的思想活动, 常用于事实表述后的情感感受, 引发的感想或对事实细节补充的场合, 一般会收到好的效果。
并列补述常用并列连词and, 后位补述常用分词短语作状语, which引出非限定性定语从句, 以及由[with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语]等。
i. 并列补述
(1) 要点1 上午：学校活动
要点2 下午：游览市区
I know the school will organize a lot of things for you to do in the morning, but in the afternoon, I’ll show you around and take you to some places of interest.
(2) 要点: 大约4点离开
Around four o'clock，we said goodbye to one another，and felt very happy on the way home.
(3) 要点: 昨天我和李明参加了野外生存训练。
Li Ming and I took part in a wilderness survival program yesterday, and it has been one of the most unforgettable experiences since high school.
ii. 后位补述--分词短语作状语，用分词短语作状语, 文字较为精练
要点: 晚上：看电视，玩游戏，聊天
We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people.
iii. 后位补述--非限定性定语从句
(1) The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.
(2) It was quite an experience for us both, which I'll never forget for the rest of my life.
(3) At 8 o'clock in the morning，we arrived at the 7l2 bus station，where we were warmly welcomed by the drivers and conductors.
(4) Staff members of the bus station and our classmates then took part in a general knowledge quiz on the Olympic Games in the afternoon，which was great fun for both sides.
iv. 后位补述--with复合结构
要点: My brother was riding [with] me sitting on the seat [behind].
→该句使用with结构, 其结构为[with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语]。该结构的情景描述功能十分突出。此外, behind一词用作seat定语的用法也十分轻巧。
小结后位补述的用法:
1. He bathed and had dinner, giving everyone the impression that there was no danger at all.
2. He paused for a moment, wondering whether to turn back as the captain urged him.
3. Upon arrival, my uncle hugged Pompy, and tried to give him courage.
4. After dinner, my uncle said he wanted to sleep, and it seemed as if he really wanted to do so.
主要特点:
先外动(指形), 再内动(指感受)
外动:
sitting/standing there, get off the bus, hurry to the school With Tom staying together with us, we all felt ...
=Tom was staying together with us, and we all felt...=Tom was staying together with us, making us all feel ...
内动:
thinking/wondering/feeling/making/ giving everyone the impression that
3. 注意使用连词and
i. 恰如其份地使用连词and容易收到阅读流畅的效果。连词and可以交代连接双方的相互关系, 如并列关系、先后关系、因果关系等。并列连词代替从属连词的特点是让读者自己去补充所连接的两部分间的逻辑联系, 根据两部分的思想内容去推论, 从而达到思想表达生动、有力和鲜明的修辞效果。
(1) 要点: 你的美国朋友Peter正在北京一所大学学中文，你觉得他应去试一试。
I know you like singing, and you are in Beijing during that period. I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese.
(2) 要点:理由：去机场接人
My uncle is returning home from France, and I have promised to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon. 类例: It is true he is young, but/and yet he is really good at go(围棋).
→It is true ... but...
= It is true...and yet ...
=Indeed ... but
=Indeed... and yet (的确..., 然而...)
ii. and表因果关系
(1) The teacher came, and class began.
(2) Tom is very tired, and really he should go to bed.
并列句的修辞作用在于它把两个或几个平行或对立的相关的思想联系在一起,形成比较完整的思想, 因而它比两个或几个孤立的简单句的思想内容要丰富得多,逻辑关系也要清楚得多。
NMET2005（Fujian）
目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。某英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文，标题是“My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations”。请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。
内容要点如下：
主要原因 考试偏多、偏难
不用功、懒惰
取悦父母、老师
个人看法 作弊不对，违反校规
要诚实，努力学习
……（其他看法）
My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.
One possible version
My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.
As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy and don’t work hard at their lessons. So when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.
In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools, we students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. What’s more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.
4. 英语逗号出现的场合、时机与提升英语作文品质
英语逗号功能较多, 用法灵活。凡逗号出现的场合和时机多体现出英语的使用习惯或固定的表达方式, 值得重视。逗号的主要用法如下, 并按在书面表达中的重要性排序:
(1) 插入语须用逗号隔开
要点: 周末活动(减负后) 就寝时间: 10:30
What's more, I can go to bed earlier.
As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.
(2) 插入句中的 however(但是)，therefore(因此)，indeed(的确)，namely(即)等副词，或in fact(其实)，in general(一般来说)，in short (简言之)，no doubt(无疑)等副词短语的前后要用逗号隔开。
要点: 一站地的路途
In fact, it is only one stop.
要点: 电子贺卡传递速度快
Besides, it's faster to send an electronic card.
要点: 减负给学习和生活带来变化
In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load.
(3) 分词短语做状语要用逗号隔开
我预习好了明天的功课，便上床睡觉。
Having prepared tomorrow's lessons, I went to bed.
(4) 用作追述的定语从句要用逗号隔开
要点:学生花了93分钟, 他们大部分的时间, 在做作业上。其次则是看电视, 占到了46分钟。
The students put the most time—93 minutes—into their homework, and next in line is watching TV, which takes up 46 minutes.
(5) 副词短语放在句首，大多用逗号隔开
要点: 他们可能会更健康, 精力更充沛。
This way, they may be healthier and more energetic.
(6) 并列句和逗号
并列句中各句独立的话，要用逗号。
I wonder if it is possible for the talk to be recorded, and if so, could I borrow the tape
主语若相同, 用and连结时，不用逗号； He went and came back at once.
他去了又马上回来。
但用but连结时，要用逗号：
He went, but came back at once.
他去了，但很快又回来了。
(7) 句首的副词从句用逗号隔开
If you would like to try, you'll have to go to the TV station to sign up before the end of June.
提示: 汉语中的逗号与在英语中的作用并非一致，英语中句与句之间的联系绝不依靠逗号, 而是借助连接词。缺少连接词, 句与句之间也就不存在其合理性。
① 老师问了我一个问题, 我不会回答。Wrong: The teacher asked me a question, I couldn't answer it.
Right: The teacher asked me a question, and/but I couldn't answer it.
② 我没出去, 而是呆在家里看书。I didn't go out; instead, I stayed home and read.
③ 我们捡柴火, 他们搭帐篷。 We gathered the wood， and they set up the tent.
5. Scoring High in NMET Writing
你校高三学生举行了一场有关高三学生在高三复习期间上网是否合适的讨论。讨论的题目是：Is it wise for Senior 3 students to surf the Internet while busy
preparing for the College Entrance Examination 请你根据下面提示写一篇短文，介绍讨论的情况。
一些同学认为:
(1) 应当上网。上网可以获取有用的信息, 好处很多。(2) 上网可以调节身心。
另一些同学认为:
(1) 时间紧, 不应上网浪费时间。(2) 上网对高三复习帮助有限。
你赞成上网, 但认为应有度。
Senior 3 students in our school have different views on whether Senior 3 students to surf the Internet while busy preparing for the College Entrance
Examination.
One possible version:
Senior 3 students in our school have different views on whether Senior 3 students to surf the Internet while busy preparing for the College Entrance
Examination.
Some think that Senior 3 students, though busy preparing for the College Entrance Examination, can benefit by surfing the Internet. They insist that
surfing the Internet is a good way to gain the information needed, and what is better still, surfing the Internet can help them relax and enjoy life,which is especially important for a student of Senior 3. But some others hold an opposite opinion. They argue that the surfing of the Internet is not
really necessary, since the College Entrance Examination is drawing near. In addition, it often takes quite a few hours off, and they cannot afford the time.
Personally, I agree with the former. In fact, I often go online at the weekends and have fun. But I don't think sticking to the internet for too long will be good.
现在正是春暖花开春游季节。你校学生会以“高三学生要不要参加春游活动”为题， 向高三学生作调查。请你据下表所出示的调查结果 , 以 "Whether or not should Senior3 students go spring outing " 为题 , 写一篇短文, 上交学生会。
65%的学生认为应该春游。
1..接触大自然,呼吸新鲜空气,有利健康。2.活动使精神放松,大脑休息,有利学习.
35%的学生认为不应该春游。
1..高考临近,没有心情玩儿。2．春游耽误学习。
W have had a heated discussion on whether Senior 3students should go spring outing.
建议使用如下表达方式:
1. (i)...have different views on ...
(ii) As to the view of ..., there is no agreement among the ...
(i) Some think that ... while others hold the idea that ...
(ii) Some suggest that ...while other ... argue that ...
2. We'll benefit from what the ...
We'll benefit by doing ...
3. (i) So far as I'm concerned, I'm for the latter. In fact, ...
(ii) As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion.
(iii) Personlly, I agree to the latter. It's true that ...
(i) So we can conclude that ...
(ii) In a word, ...
4. 表示递进的过渡词:
furthmore, moreover, besides, in addition, what's more
5. 表示强调的过渡词:
clearly, of course, as a matter of fact, actually, in particular,that is to say, indeed, first of all
假设你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写一封信，反映讨论结果。
赞成迁出： 反对迁出：
1．游客多，交通堵塞2．郊区环境好 1．建于1906年，中外闻名2．搬迁易造成动物死亡
June 3 ,2005
Dear Editor ,
Recently ,our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city . Some of my classmates are in favor of the move .They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams .They also say that once moved ,animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs .However ,other students are against the idea ,saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906 ,has a history of 100 years ,and is well –known at home and abroad .So it should remain where it is .What’s more ,moving may cause the death of some animals .To move or not ,this is a big decision which has to be made by people in Beijing.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
阅读下面摘自“China Daily”的一则简讯，写一篇读后感。
River Pollution
A great deal of dead fish can be found floating on the surface of the Huaihe River because of the serious pollution this summer. In a report, Anhui Daily called on people to help protect the river against pollution.
要求全文包括以下内容：
(1) 这种河水污染情况，除淮河外，不少别的地区也存在。
(2) 除河水污染外，其他的污染如空气污染、土壤污染等也给人类带来灾难。
(3) 越来越多的人已开始认识到污染的严重性，政府已采取措施治理污染。
(4) 谈一谈你自己对污染问题的看法。
Hints for Writing: (写作过程提示)
1. 写好开头与结尾, 并有某种呼应的关系, 类似文章最好以情绪开头, 以信心结尾: 以情绪开头：I’m shocked ...
以信心结尾:But we're sure that we will win the battle against pollution in the end. It is our duty to protect the environment.
2. 在文章展开段, 使用起链接作用表达方式, 使得叙事过程流畅、自然。这些起链接作用的表达方式隐藏在写作内容要点之间, 却又是高分书面表达必不可少的手段:
(1) As far as I know, river pollution ... (2) Besides river pollution, there are ...
(3) Fortunately, more and more people have come to ... (4) Though we have done a lot, we still have ...
习作:
I'm shocked to have learnt about pollution in Huaihe River. As far as I know, river pollution exists not only in Huaihe River but also in many other rivers in our country. Besides river pollution, there are air pollution, soil pollution, sound pollution and so on. All kinds of pollution do great harm to human beings. Fortunately, more and more people have come to realize how serious the problem is. Our government has been trying to take measures to fight against pollution. Though we have done a lot, we still have a long way to go. But we're sure that we will win the battle against pollution in the end. It is our duty to protect the environment.
学生习作:
Not only Huaihe River, but also many other rivers have been polluted seriously. Aside from water pollution, we are suffering from air pollution and soil pollution as well. I'm a little bit delighted, though, as the report claimed that Anhui Daily had called on people to help protect the river against pollution. It seems more and more people are concerned, and the government has already started some movements to protect the environment. The more modernized life we are living, the more civilized we should be. To reduce the pollution and make it a better place, we should throw ourselves into the battle against the pollution of all kinds, not only for ourselves, but also for the future generations。
By 张灵子 (From 北京四中)
你是某校高二学生，今年寒假当上某英文报特约小记者。你就下面几项内容对一百个城市家庭进行了生活现状的问卷调查。请你给该报写一篇题为“People are enjoying a richer life”的英语稿，报道调查结果，并适当分析其中一个数据所反映的情况。词数不少于60。
生词：图表chart
People are enjoying a richer life
One possible version:
People are enjoying a richer life
As we can see from the chart, people’s life has changed greatly in these five years. Five years ago, only 13 percent of the families had private cars, but now the number has gone up to 38 percent. In 1999, only 16 percent of the families could afford to buy houses, while now 35 percent of them have their own flats. Now more and more people want to go abroad for further education. The number has changed from 11 percent in 1999 to 28 pared with the number 5 years ago, which was only 20 percent, now more than 50 percent of the families prefer to spend their holidays traveling. From the large number that people choose to study abroad, we can see that people care more about education. They want to improve the quality of their life by learning more.
词数不少于60。 生词：图表 chart
最近, 你校学生会就各种热点话题组织各班讨论, 你班讨论的主题是: 学生该不该打工 请你根据下表所提供的信息, 给学生会写一份汇报。
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
70%的学生认为 ┃ 30%的学生认为
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
1. 可以打工, 但不宜占时间太多。 ┃ 1. 不应打工。
2. 打工可以积累工作经验。 ┃ 2. 打工影响学习。
3. 可以挣钱以解决部分学费。 ┃ 3. 外出打工不安全。
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
注意: 1. 词数100个左右。 2. 开头和结尾已为你写好。
生词: 学费 tuition
打工 take a part-time job
Our class had a heated discussion about whether a student should take a
part-time job. We have two different opinions about it.
...
Students of Class One in Engineering Department
Hints for Writing: (写作过程提示)
1. ... think it right that ... 2. It is not right for sb. to do ...
3. 动名词作主语
(动名词作主语的使用过程, 最接近中文表达习惯, 这样作, 较容易写出好的英语。)
4. 动名词作主语, 后接补述语, 如: which is especially good/useful/important
for ...。所谓补述, 是通过一些行之有效的表达方式, 如使用现在分词短语用作
状语, 位置后置的方法, 使用非限定性定语从句的方法, 使用并列连词and, for,
or等方法, 使用"with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语"的方法, 将作者对事物的感受、
评论、导致的结果, 以及对具体动作的补充描写等, 充分表述出来。补述语也称
为后位补述, 是书面表达最值得注意的写作手段。)
学生习作:
70 percent of the students agreed to take a part-time job, for it it not only a good chance to build up working experience but also (点评: not only ...but also...为一并列连词, 连接的双方应对等) can save some money for the tuition. But (点评:But一词多余, 应予去除) they also suggested it should not take up so much time. (点评:There are →该句式多余, 应予去除) also 30 percent of the students hold the opposite opinion. They think taking a part-time job will affect study, besides, it is not safe enough.
All in all, it remains to be a problem to be discussed.
随着网络的发展, 目前很多人给亲朋好友发电子贺卡。 请根据以下提示, 阐述电子贺卡的优越性。
1. 除图像外, 还可传递动画和声音, 生动, 有趣。 2. 传递速度快。
3. 电子贺卡形式多样, 还可以用Flash或其他软件自己设计。 4. 节约纸张, 有利于保护树木和环境。
注意: (1) 文章包括以上要点, 可适当发挥。不要逐条翻译. (2) 词数: 100左右。
(3) 参考词汇: 电子贺卡electric card, 动画animation
习作:
With the development of Internet, more and more people tend to send electronic cards instead of paper ones at New Year's pared with the traditional cards, electronic cards are more interesting and lively, for you can get not only pictures but also sound and even animations. Besides, it's faster to send an elctronic card. There are many web sites on line where different varieties of cards are available. If none of these cards are of any interest to you, you can design cards of unique style using FLASH or other software. More importantly, with the popularity of electronic cards, less paper is used for making paper cards, which contributes to the enviroment protection.
学生习作:
Electronic cards become more and more popular as the Internet is widely used. It's always being sent with a fabulous image, not mention that it can carry audio message and animation. Electronic cards are sent via Email, in
which way it's much more efficient than traditional cards. Another point that lots of people prefer electronic cards is that this new term of greetings is designable. Users enjoy editing the cards with the help of various kind of
software such as Flash.
Thanks to to the existance of electronic cards, many trees are prevented from being cut down, therefore the whole enviroment benifits from this kind of cards.
By 张灵子 (From 北京四中)
假定你是南京某中学的学生, 叫李华。"五一"劳动节将至, 你校外籍教师Alex打算利用"五一"长假外出旅游, 希望你能为他提供参考建议。 请你根据下列图例和中文提示为Alex提供旅游建议。
┏━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ 日期 ┃ 活动安排 ┃
┃━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
┃ 5月1日 ┃ 上午8:00乘飞机去北京; 下午游览天安门广场 ┃
┣━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
┃ 5月2日 登长城 ┃
┣━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
┃ 5月3-4日 ┃ 游览颐和园; 逛商场, 购物 ┃
┣━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
┃ 5月5日 ┃ 坐火车去泰安登泰山 ┃
┣━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
┃ 5月6日 ┃ 上午看日出, 下午坐火车返宁 ┃
┗━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛
写作提示:
1. 此类文容易写成单调的时间状语的堆砌。建议使用(and) next day, for the next two days等, 以取代on May ...。
2. 此类文在动词时态上, 应用将来时, 在表示预期时考虑使用be to do句型。
3. 图例中提到登长城, 游览颐和园, 登泰山等活动, 建议使用"后位补述"的
写作手段, 如:
(1) , and I do think it will make you feel really excited
(2) , which is one of the few places in the world that enjoy a long history and is still well known
(3) , on top of which, if lucky enough, you will enjoy a view of the sunrise
习作:
Dear Alex,
Here is my suggestion about your travel during the long May Day holiday.On May 1st, you may take the 8:00 flight to Beijing. You are to visit the Tienanmen Square in the afternoon. Next day, I suggest you (should) visit the Great Wall, the lognest wall in the world. For the next two days, you can visit the Summer Palace, walk around here and there in the downtown section of Beijing and do some shopping. On May 5th, you are to take a train to Tai`an to climb Mount Tai, which is quite near to the city. You have to stay at the top for the night, and next early morning, if lucky, you may enjoy a wonderful view of the sunrise, which will never be forgetable indeed. In the afternoon, you may return to Nanjing by train.
I wish you could enjoy your travel.
Yours,
Li Hua.
学生习作:
Dear Alex,
Here is my suggestion about your travel during the long May Day holiday.On May 1st, you (are to) leave for Beijing by air at 8:00 am and visit the Tienanmen Square after you arrive (去除after you arrive) in the afternoon. The (去除the) next day, you could go to the Great Wall, which is the most famous place of interest in China. Maybe you will feel a little tired, so on 3rd and 4th (改为for the next two days), you could (改为can) go to the
Summer Palace to have a walk (去除to have a walk) and go shopping(去除and go shopping, 因为不合逻辑)(上句可改为so for the next two days, you can go to the Summer Palace, which is not far from the city, and enjoy the wonderful view there. On May 5th, you (may) leave Beijing for Shandong by train to climb the (去除the) Mount Tai. You can stay on the top of the mountain at (改为for the) night and see (改为enjoy) the sunrise in the (去除in the) next day (去除day) morning. In the afternoon, you (are to) return to Nanjing.
I wish you could enjoy your travel.
Yours,
Li Hua.
作文点评6:
假定你是李华。你的美国朋友Alice听说中国的中小学正在实施素质教育, 来信询问有关情况。请你根据下表提供的信息, 写封回信, 谈一谈"素质教育"实施后, 你们学校生活发生的变化。
1. 上课(应试教育): 听讲、做笔记
(素质教育): 课堂活跃、 研究学习、 能力培养, 有时学生当老师
2. 课外活动(应试教育): 做不完的作业
(素质教育): 开展各种类型的活动; 唱歌舞蹈、球类活动、电脑学习、英语角...
3. 晚上(应试教育): 听讲、做笔记
(素质教育): 看新闻、做实验、 各学科讨论
Hints for Writing: (写作过程提示)
文章可用激问的方式开头, 导出下文, 容易获得生动的效果。所谓激问是指心中本无疑而故意设问的修辞方法。
文章开头参考:
(1) I was so pleased to hear from you and I am writing to tell you something about our school life. You are right. Quite a few changes have taken place.
(2) How nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in schools in China In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to carry out quality-oriented education.
习作:
Dear Alice,
How nice to hear from you. You want to know what is going on in schools in China Now, I'll tell you about it.
In the past, exam-oriented education forced us to listen to our teachers while taking notes in class. We did all kinds of exercises without end, though it was 5 o'clock in the afternoon. After supper, we had to continue our exercises far into the night. Now, quality-oriented education has made our school life colourful. We are active in class. In order to train the ability, we often do research on study. Sometimes one of us teaches ourselves. We have various outside activities, such as singing, dancing, English corner, and taking computer lessons. Basketball and football are our favourite sports. In the evening we can watch news on TV, experiments by ourselves and have talks and discussions of our subjects.
Our school life is getting more and more colourful and interesting, and I do hope you come and see for yourself some day.
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
学生习作
Dear Tom,
You wrote me a letter to ask me about our exploring study. And now, I'll tell you something about it. As you know, in the past, the teacher taught us knowledge, and we students just listened nad learned, and sometimes do some notes. It was in the class. And after school, we just did a lot of homework. And that was our school life. But now, many things are changed. In our now classes, we can ask teachers many questions, and we students can also discuss them between each other. The atmosphere in the class is more active. After class, we aslo have a great varieties of activities. Such as reading books you like, going to the library, or surfing the Internet. All in all, the life now are much colourful since the exploring study has begun.
Waiting for your letter.
Yours,
Li Hua.
作文点评7:
假设你是李华, 你的澳大利亚朋友Dick听说中国的中小学校正在减轻学生的学习负担, 来信询问有关情况。 请你根据下面提供的信息, 写一封回信, 谈一谈减负给你的学习和生活带来的变化。
───────────────┬───────────────────┐
│ 周末活动(减负前) 周末活动(减负后) │
├───────────────┼───────────────────
│白天: 上课、 做作业 │ 白天: 参观博物馆、学习电脑、绘画等 │
├───────────────┼───────────────────
│晚上: 做作业 │ 晚上: 看新闻、 读书、看报 │
├───────────────┼───────────────────
│就寝时间: 11:30 │ 就寝时间: 10:30 │
└───────────────┴───────────────────
生词: 减轻学生负担 - reduce learning load One possible version:
Dear Dick,
How nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in schools in China In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. I don't know about others, but I used to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time. I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums, and taking computer lessons. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. What's more, I can go to bed earlier. As far as I know,everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
【点评1】该书面表达写作是近年来最能体现该题型命题要求的好短文, 其结构的紧凑、上下文的连贯、语言的得体性, 以及文笔的流畅、遣词造句等都颇具典型性。
更为难得的是该短文注意到句型的多样化, 长短相间, 错落有致, 值得关注。
1. 文章以激问开始, 导出下文, 获得生动的效果, 为下面内容的展开开了好头。
所谓激问是指心中本无疑而故意设问的修辞方法。
文: You want to know what is going on in schools in China
激问即寓答于问的设问, 目的在于加重语气, 表达激动的感情。
激问寓答于问, 有时甚至可以不用疑问号, 而用感叹号, 或在陈述句中加用问号。
例: We are alone in solving the problem of air pollution
=Who says we are alone in solving the problem of air pollution!
由于激问写法适用性较广, 通用性较强, 使用在书面表达中常会有较好的效果, 建议NMET考生加以留意。
2. 近年来"较高级词汇或较复杂结构"为NMET书面表达评分最为看重的标准之一, 将这一标准与"上下文的连贯性""行文的连贯与流畅"以及"语言的得体性"等标准相融合, 而该书面表达写作则生动地表现了这样的标准, 传达了书面表达写作的信息。该题型命题要求使用"较高级词汇或较复杂结构", 但从实战看, 这确是NMET考生疏于运用或掌握的地方。解决的方法有两个, 一是搞清楚何谓"较高级词汇或较复杂结构"; 二是如何有所准备。
文: ① ... [In short], things have begun to [improve] since schools were [called on] to reduce learning load.
② ..., but I [used to] work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes [as well].
③ I can [follow my own interests] such as reading books, ... ④ [What's more], I can go to bed earlier.
⑤ [As far as I know], everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.
(说明: []表示"较高级词汇或较复杂结构"即与众不同的部分。)
3. 通过观察, 可以看到该书面表达"较高级词汇或较复杂结构"的使用与"上下文的连贯性", 即有效地使用语句间的连接成分有关联, 使得全文结构紧凑, 可读性增强。所谓"有效地使用语句间的连接成分"是指通过过渡性词语来控制整个事件的描述过程。
文: ① [In short], things have begun ... ② I don't know about oknow about others, [but]...
③ [Now] I have more free time. ④ In the evenings I can watch news on TV [or] read newspapers.
⑤ [What's more], I can go to bed... ⑥ [As far as I know], everyone is happy...
It was 7:15 「on」the morning of February 8, 2000. I was walking「along」 Park Road 「towards」the east when an elderly man came out of」 the park 「on」 the other side of the street. Then I saw a yellow car drive 「up」Third Street and make a right turn 「into」 Park Road. The next moment the car hit the man while he was crossing
the road. He fell 「with」 a cry. The car didn't stop but drove「off」「at」great speed heading west. I noticed the driver was a young woman and the plate number was AC864. About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man 「to」the nearest hospital.
NMET单项填空试题命题重点
高考英语单项填空试题命题内容多, 涉及范围广, 但以下内容可以认为是NMET 单项填空试题命题重点, 请注意研读。
考点1 带有宾语复合结构的介词`with'的命题
production up by 60%, the company has had another
excellent year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
题析: 选项A应改为As production is up by 60%; 选项B应改为The company has
had another excellent year, for production is up by 60%.;
选项C`with'是唯一带有宾语复合结构的介词, 用法广泛, 可译为`随着...'。
考点2 倒叙命题
从这一角度命题的特点是将原本可以正常表述的内容断开, 将后半段提到前面。这一命题方式既考虑到了语言交际性的特点, 又容易增强命题的隐蔽性, 凸显命题的层次感。解题时, 可以考虑将题干交代的顺序抚正, 或将题干的后半部看作是省略, 将其补齐, 都可收到良好效果。
1. I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some .
A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time
题析: I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some in case.
=I'll bring some money in case I'll need any.
解题时, 可将in case之后看作省去了I'll need some money。
例: Take some warm clothes in case the weather is cold.
=The weather is not cold, but take some warm clothes in case (the weather is cold).
2. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can't remember.
A. where B. there C. which D. that
题析: 将选项C代入题干, 即正常表述顺序:
I can't remember which university (or town) Dr Black comes from,Oxford or Cambridge.
应语为: He comes from Oxford.
3. Rather than on a crowded bus, he always prefers a bicycle.
A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
题析: 测试结构: prefer + to do sth + rather than + do sth
考点3 `But she promised!'式的命题
将原本可以完整表述的内容, 拆成两部分, 并设计成对话形式, 是近年NMET
单项填空命制上出现的新情况。
1. --Nancy is not coming tonight.
--But she !
A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised
题解: 相当于`Nancy is not coming tonight, but she promised!'
2. --I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
--Oh, did you You with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
题解: 选项A"could have stayed"表示"原本能待在一起, 但却没待"的意思, 暗含
惊讶的意味。此题从语法上来说, 属于"混合型虚拟语气"的范畴。
此题=I could have stayed with Barbara while in New York, but I didn't. I stayed at a hotel
类例: --I knew a little about French while in Paris.
--Oh, did you You could have helped your parents.
考点4 分词动作主体与客体的矛盾
1．______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A．To wait B．Have waited C．Having waited D．To have waited
题解: 该题测试分词短语作状语。相当于:
Tom had been waiting in the queue for half an hour when he suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
2. The Olympic Games, in 776 B. C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be first playing
题解: i. (用[]将省略的成分补齐)
选项C =The Olympic Games, [which was] first played in 776 B. C.,
did not include women players until 1912.
ii. 选项B为不定式。用作定语时, 所表示的动作一般都还未发生, 从逻辑上看,属将来时的范畴, 故不用。
3. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door
"Sorry to miss you; will call later. "
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
题解: 选项D`reading'用作`message'的定语, 相当于`which read'; `read'一词意为`上面写着'。 类例: The ticket reads `From New York to Boston.'
4. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
题解: 分词构句意义上的主语必须与句子的主语相同, 为NMET单项填空常考试题。
(A) more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
考点5 巧妙的命题`get paid =get their pay'等
1. Cleaning women in big cities usually get by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
题解: (1) usually get paid = are usually paid; get=be (2) get paid =get their pay
(3) 由于动词get兼有行为动词与系动词两种用法, pay兼有动词与名词两种用法, 又由于pay用作名词时, 要与冠词或相当于冠词的词连用,使得该题答案的判断过程甚为复杂。
2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
题析: carried out 用作宾语补足语, 表明与宾语`plan'的关系; 相当于
They would like to see the plan carried out the next year.
考点6 极为重要的高考英语实词用法的命题
1. Wait till you are more . It's better to be sure than sorry.
A. inspired B. satisfied C. calm D. certain
题解: 通过题干中的信息词`sure', 选出其同义词`certain'。
2. It's always difficult being in a foreign country, if you don't speak the language.
A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially
题解: 选项D `especially'在句中和(条件)状语连用。请看例句:
(1) I like the country, especially in spring. (2) Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.
(3) I expected a more enthusiastic(热情的) welcome, especially considering it is the first time I have come here.
3. him and then try to copy what he does.
A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch
题解: 选项A`mind him' 意为`look after him', 不合文意; 选项B和C都可以与其后的宾语`him'搭配使用, 但`him'应处于静止状态, 与文意`copy what he does'不符。可以说`Watch him =Watch what he does', 但却没有`Glare/Stare at him
= Glare/Stare at what he does'。
类例: Watch what he does/how he does it/where he puts the ring.
He should watch his weight--he's getting really quite a tummy.
4. -- Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls
-- Yes. They have better players, so I them to win.
A. hope B. prefer C. expect D. want
题解: 选项A`hope'没有`hope somebody to do something'的用法, 故不用。 选项B
应用在`They have better players, but I prefer the Bulls to win.'情景中。
选项C`expect somebody to do something'期待某人做某事, 符合文意。
5. They the train until it disappeared in the distance.
A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. observed
题解: (1) 选项B"watched"一般后面接用动态的物体。 (2) 选项A"saw"一般后面接用静态的物体。
(3) 选项D"observed"指观察。 (4) 题干中若无"until it disappeared", 则可选用选项A。
考点7 短语与搭配用法在NMET单项填空中的命题
1．I don't ______ rock'n'roll. It's much too noisy for my taste.
A．go after B．go away with C．go into D．go in for
题解: 该题测试短语"go in for", 意思是"参与"。选项A"go after"的意思是"追赶", 选项C"go into"的意思是"进入、就业", 都与句意不合, 故不用。
答案: D
对于短语的测试是NMET命题的重要内容。 请看NMET2004(福建)第33题:
It is certain that he will ___(C)___ his business to his son when he gets old.
A. take over B. think over C. hand over D. go over
2. Your performance in the driving test didn't reach the required standard -- , you failed.
A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time
题解: `in other words'意为 `换句话说'。用于使用另一方式表述相同内容的场合。
类例: I soon found that the work I was doing had already been done by someone else - in other words, I was wasting my time.
3. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the light happened to .
A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out
题解: go out 指"熄灭"。
4. She his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right.
A. looked up B. looked for C. picked out D. picked up
题解: `look up'(查找) → look up a word; look up a number
`look for'(寻找) → look for a missing boy; look for a job
5. It is wise to have some money for old age.
A. put away B. kept up C. given away D. laid up
题解: `put away'表示'将某物搁放在一边, 暂时不用'之意。
6. I don't believe any of it. You must have made the whole story.
A. out B. up C. for D. with
题解: (以up为中心构成的短语)
get up 起床 come up 走近, 发芽 hurry up 赶快 grow up 成长
call up 打电话 give up 放弃 pick up 拾起 send up 发射
look up 查阅 put up 张贴 eat up 吃光 keep up 保持, 维持
break up 解体; 崩溃 make up 组成 dry up 使干涸 bring up 抚养大
set up 建立 do up 头发向上梳挽 fill up 装满 stay up 熬夜
take up 从事 warm up 变暖; 热身 sit up 熬夜 rise up 起义
dress up 化妆 join up 连接起来 build up 建立起来 hang up 把...挂起来
hold up 举起 add up 加起来 stand up 起立
7. The police were a search for the body of the man who disappeared.
A. doing B. making C. taking D. giving
题解: (以make为中心构成的短语)
make cloth (a machine, a hat, a road, a railway, a canal)
make a fire (the bed, a hole, a noise)
make a speech (a suggestion, a promise, a request, a remark)
make a record (a will, a copy, an experiment)
make a journey (an effort, an offer)
make progress (friends, faces, no difference)
make fun of; make a fool of; make a rush for;
make use of; make choice of
make money; make ends meet; make one's way
8. I hate to rules on anything.
A. give B. have C. set D. show
题解: (以set为中心构成的短语)
set a table (a chair)
set something right (straight, up, down, on, etc)
set a clock (=put hands in right position)
set a price on a horse
9. Will you me a favour, please
A. give B. make C. do D. bring
题解: (以do为中心构成的短语)
do a good deed 做好事 do away with 去掉,废除 do good to 对...有益
do harm to对...有害 do sb. wrong 冤枉某人 do one's best尽力
do one's homework 做作业 do some cleaning扫除 do some cooking做饭
do up头发向上梳挽 do well in sth.在...方面做得不错 do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙
考点8 动词进行时态的命题
近年NMET单项填空在对动词时态的命制上, 较多地选用进行时, 并为此设计出有较大思考空间的试题。对此现象, 应引起注意。
1．—What's that terrible noise
—The neighbors ______ for a party.
A．have prepared B．are preparing C．prepare D．will prepare
题解: What's that terrible noise =What is that terrible noise
问句中的现在时态决定答语用现在进行时。选项A是指"邻居们已准备好了聚会。" 与发出声响无关, 故不用。
对进行时态的测试是NMET命题的重要内容。 请看NMET2004(福建)第21题:
--You were out when I fropped in at your house.
--Oh, I __(A)____ for a friend from England at the airport.
A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited
2. -- Hey, look where you are going!
-- Oh, I'm terribly sorry. .
A. I'm not noticing B. I wasn't noticing C. I haven't noticed D. I don't notice
题解: 此题的关键处在`look where you are going'中的进行时态。解题时, 可将问句作如下变化, 以利理解:
- Hey, look where you are going! You are not noticing (where you are going)!
- Oh, I'm terribly sorry. (到此时, 答话人已意识到刚才的行为, 故用过去进行时接上句) I wasn't noticing (just now).
3. I don't think Jim saw me; he into space.
A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared
题解: 此题也与`倒叙'命题有关。将叙述顺序相调, 会有助于解题。
I don't think Jim saw me; he was just staring into space.
=He was just staring into space; I don't think Jim saw me.
4. —Is this raincoat yours
—No, mine there behind the door.
A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung
题解: 此题虽为现在进行时, 但在命题上与其前也有相似之处。
i. 选项A中的进行时含暂时之意, 如: Your coat is hanging in the hall.
ii. 选项C中的一般时则表状态, 表"某地挂有某物"之意, 如:
(1) The picture hangs now in my library. (2) Above it hung an oil painting by Beryl.
iii. 选项B中的完成时应使用其被动语态形式: has been hung, 而且句子
主语也要变化, 如: All the walls have been hung with my pictures.
考点9 动词时态基准点命题
1．The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ______ by 2007.
A．has been completed B．has completed C．will have been completed D．will have completed
题解: 题干中"by 2007"决定动词要使用将来完成时, 又由于complete为及物动词, construction work是其宾语, 故选用选项C。
2. -How are you today
-Oh, I as ill as I do now for a very long time.
A. didn't feel B. wasn't feeling C. don't feel D. haven't felt
题析: 〈译〉-- 今天感觉怎么样
-- 我很久未曾病得像现在这样。(意思是指今天病得实在不轻。)
I haven't felt as ill as I do now for a very long time.
=I haven't felt as ill for a very long time as I do now.
=For a very long time, I haven't felt as ill as I do now.
选项A应用在`-How did you feel yesterday -I didn't feel as ill as I do now.'的情景中。
考点10 较难掌握的情态词命题
1. -I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
--It true because there was little snow there.
A. may not be B. won't be C. couldn't be D. mustn't be
题解: can用在否定句与疑问句中表推测; 而在肯定句中用 may 表示 "或许",
用 must 表示 "一定"。
2. -Are you coming to Jeff's party
-I'm not sure. I go to concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
题解: 选项A`must'和C`should'都应是`I'm quite sure'的补充。
选项D`might'含不确定因素, 与`I'm not sure'的意思相吻合。
答案: D
3. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
题解: 表示过去有能力并实际上成功地做到某事, 要用"was/were able to", 不用"could"。 没有做到可用`couldn't' 或`wasn't able to'表示。
4. --When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon.
--They be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
题解: (1) 选项B"should"表示"按理应当...; 估计..."。
① They should be there by now, I think. ② The poems should be out in a month at most.
③ We needn't get ready yet; the guests shouldn't come for another hour.
(2) 选项A"can"表示"可能", 应用在顾客的身上, 即:
I need them tomorrow afternoon. They can be ready by 12:00.
考点11 新、巧的指代词命题
1． NMET2004(福建)第22题:
--Which of the three ways shall I take to the village
-- (C) way as you please.
A. each B. Every C. Any D. Either
2. -Why don't we take a little break
-Didn't we just have
A. it B. that C. one D. this
题解: i. break表示`间歇、休息时间'时, 为可数名词。
(1) Let's take a short break for lunch. (2) Both houses took several short breaks during the year.
ii. little 修饰某些可数名词时, 可以表示`一小段'。
Then he made a little speech.
答案: C
3. -- Are the new rules working
-- Yes, books are stolen.
A. Few B. More C. Some D. None
题解: `working'意思是`起作用'。根据题意选用有否定意味的形容词`few'。
选项D `None'应改为`None of the', 或`No'。
4. Few pleasures can equal of a cool drink on a hot day.
A. some B. any C. that D. those
题解: i. `that of a cool drink =the pleasure of a cool drink'
ii. 选项A、B无法指代 pleasure, 故不用。
5. If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay $15.
A. another B. other C. more D. each
题解: another $15 =$15 more
考点12 一题两点的冠词命题
1. Paper money was in use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in thirteen century.
A. the; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填
题解: 此题涉及两个固定的英语表达方式, 即
(1) in use (在使用) →反意表达为out of use If this is not in use, I'd like to borrow it.
(2) in the thirteenth century (在13世纪)
→英语中序数词要与定冠词连用。
答案: C
2．______ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is ______ major concern of the country.
A．The；不填 B．the; a C．An; the D．An；不填
题解: 题干中"on-going"的意思是"在进行中", "division"的意思是"分歧", "major concern"的意思是"重大关心"。该题的意思是"讲英语的加拿大人与讲法语的加拿大人正在出现的分歧成了全国最为关注的大事"。
3. Most animals have little connection with animals of different kind unless they kill them for food.
A. the; a B. 不填; a C. the; the D. 不填; the
题解: 〈译〉大多数的动物同另类动物联系很少, 除非它们把另类动物当作食物吃掉。
`of ... kind' ...种类
例: I follow my own opinions not hers in questions of this kind.
I don't like people of that kind.
animals of a different kind 相当于 a different kind of animals a (different) kind of 含冠词的功能, 故animals不再与冠词连用。
4. Many people agree that knowledge of English is a must in international trade.
A. a; 不填 B. the; an C. the; the D. 不填; the
题解: i. knowledge 与不定冠词连用, 表示"对...有某种程度的了解"。
(1) A knowledge of language is always useful. (2) He has a wide/good knowledge of history/London.
ii. trade(贸易、买卖) →作不可数名词用
(1) International trade is important to us all. (2) England does a lot of trade with Australia.
考点13 定语从句命题有特点
1. Carol said the work would be done by October， personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
题解: which引导出非限定性的定语从句。which =the work would be done by October.
该定语从句相当于: Personally I doubt very much that the work will be done by October.
2．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ,
考点14 连词`before、while'的命题有新意
1. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since C. until D. before
题解: 选项D `before'意为`还未来得及做某事, 就...', 以此说明前面动作结束之快。
点评: 不把连词before当作"在......之前"的这种用法还出现在NMET98书面表达的
答案里: The time passed quickly. Before we knew it, we had to say goodbye to the workers. 由于该句式的使用, 使得该书面表达的结尾精彩、有力。再请看其他例证:
(1) Before I had time to reply, he went away. 我还没来得及回答他就走了。
(2) I had not waited long before she came. 我没等多久她就来了。
(3) It was midnight before he returned. 他直到午夜时分才回来。
(4) It was long before she came. 她过了很久才来。
(5) It was not long before she came. 她没过多久就来了。
(6) They had not been married a month before they quarrelled. 他们结婚还没到一个月就反目了。
2. -- I'm going to the post office.
-- you're there, can you get me some stamps
A. As B. While C. Because D. If
题解: i. `while'含`趁着你在那儿' 之意。
The teacher often says,`Ask me more questions while I'm here.'
ii. 选项A、C应改为As/Because you are going to the post office。
2004
第一节：单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C和D、四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21．—You were out when I dropped in at your house.
—Oh ,I _______ for a friend from England at the airport.
A．was waiting B．had waited C．am waiting D．have waited
22．—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village
—_________ way as you please.
A．Each B．Every C．Any D．Either
23．It is ________world of wonders, world where anything can happen.
A．a ;the B．a; a C．the ; a D．不填；不填
24．She has set a new record ,that is ,the sales of her latest book ________ 50 million.
A．have reached B．has reached C．are reaching D．had reached
25．—Go for a picnic this weekend ,OK
—_______ .I love getting close to nature.
A．I couldn’t agree more B．I’m afraid not
C．I believe not D．I don’t think so
26．I’d like to buy a house—modern ,comfortable ,and _______ in a quiet neighborhood.
A．in all B．above all C．after all D．at all
27．The news reporters hurried to the airport ,only________ the film stars had left.
A．to tell B．to be told C．telling D．told
28．—How do you we go to Beijing for our holidays
—I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable.
A．insist B．want C．suppose D．suggest
29．The number of people present at the concert was _______than expected .There were many tickets left.
A．much smaller B．much more C．much larger D．many more
30．It was a pity that the great writer died _________his works unfinished.
A．for B．with C．from D．of
31．—Scientists say it may be five or six years it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A．since B．after C．before D．when
32．—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
—You________ her last week.
A．ought to tell B．would have told C．must tell D．should have told
33．It is certain that he will__________ his business to his son when he gets old.
A．take over B．think over C．hand over D．go over
34．Having been ill in bed for nearly a month ,he had a hard time________ the exam.
A．pass B．to pass C．passed D．passing
35．It was with great joy he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.
A．because B．which C．since D．that
21—25 ACBAA 26—30 BBDAB 31—35 CDCDD
NMET2005FJ
21．I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment. of them answered it.
A．either B．none C．neither D．nobody
22．—Would you like , sir
—No, thanks. I have had much.
A．some more oranges B．any more oranges C．some more orange D．any more orange
23．If anyone happens to drop in while I am out, him or her leave a message.
A．have B．get C．ask D．tell
24．—Did Jack come back early last night
—Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock he arrived home.
A．before B．when C．that D．until
25．—James, I am sorry I used your computer when you were away this morning.
— .
A．That’s all right B．It’s a pleasure C．You are welcome D．Don’t mention it
26．Mum is coming. What present for your birthday
A．you expect she has got B．you expect has she got
C．do you expect she has got D．do you expect has she got
27．The dictionary is being printed and it will soon .
A．turn out B．come out C．start out D．go out
28．Father for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him.
A．has left B．left C．was leaving D．had left
29．—Can the project be finished as planned
—Sure, it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.
A．having got B．to get C．getting D．get
30．The classroom is big enough , but we’ll have to move if we have more students.
A．for the moment B．on the moment C．in a moment D．for a moment
31．—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You it. I could manage it myself.
A．needn’t do B．needn’t have done C．mustn’t do D．shouldn’t have done
32．Only after my friend came .
A．did the computer repair B．he repaired the computer
C．was the computer repaired D．the computer was repaired
33．When help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.”
A．offering B．to offer C．to be offered D．offered
34．—Why didn’t you buy the camera you had longed for
—I had planned to. But I was ￡50 .
A．fewer B．less C．cheap D．short
35．—Is that the small town you often refer to
—Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.
A．that B．which C．where D．what
21.C 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.A 26.C 27.B 28.D 29.B 30.A 31.B 32.C 33.D 34.D 35.C
介绍NMET完形填空的几种较为有效的解题方法
作答NMET完形填空题, 除了使用比较、 推理、判断、 逻辑等方法或手段以外, 还可借助事实先决、事实后决、同比排除、反比否定等方法。
1. 事实先决
所谓`事实先决'是指在选项中同时出现符合文意或接近事实的情形, 考生面对此类情形可用`事实先决`的方法解题, 即按逻辑顺序对事实加以梳理和排序, 找出第一事实或首要事实, 问题才有可能迎刃而解。
以NMET2000为例: 例1: And there on a well-made bed sat Amy, my new [ ], dressed neatly.
(A) A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbour D. companion
题解: 选项[A]`roommate'指`同住宿舍一室的人'。 作者并非在教室等处首次遇到Amy, 故排除掉选项[B]`classmate'; 也并非在宿舍楼道等处首次遇到Amy,故排除掉选项[C]`neighbour', 至于选项[D]`companion(伙伴), 在逻辑顺序上, 应先有 classmate, 后有companion。此题选项无论从命制上看, 还是从解题上说, 都具备典型性, 是研读NMET完形填空命制以及解释所谓有关`事实先决'的解题方法的好题材。
例2: Finally I turned the key in the lock and (1) the door open, with Dad still complaining(抱怨) about a hurting knee or something.
(C) (1) A. knocked B. forced C. pushed D. tried
一般开门动作的顺序是:
turn the key 转动钥匙 → open the door =push the door open 把门推开 → force the door open 把门用力推开(如有必要)
例3: I knew then that Amy and I would be (2) and my first year of college would be a success.
(B) (2) A. sisters B. friends C. students D. fellows
题解: 四个选项都存在符合文意的事实或成为以后发展成该事实的逻辑或可能性, 考生面对此类情形, 就可以考虑使用`事实先决`的方法解题, 对事实加以梳理和排序: 受到时态`would be'的限制, 事实逻辑应是: 选项[B] friends为第一事实, 选项[A]`sisters'为第二事实。选项[C]`students'指经过学校录取成为学生, 在此文中, 显然是一个已知的事实, 绝无可能与文中时态`would be'搭配使用, 故不用。选项[D]`fellows'指`同伴', `Amy and I would be ...'中的`be', 相当于`become', 若与`fellows'连用, 显然不合乎逻辑。
以NMET99为例:
People of Burlington are being disturbed by the sound of bells. Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the (1) and have made up their minds to (2) the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest(抗议) against heavy trucks which run (3) through the narrow High Street.
(D) (1) A. college B. village C. town D. church
(C) (2) A. change B. repair C. ring D. shake
(B) (3) A. now and then B. day and night C. up and down D. over and over
题解:(1) 对事实加以排序, `the bell tower'为建筑物`church'的组成部分(通过介词`of'表明此种关系), 选项[D]church排序第一。
2. 事实后决
所谓`事实后决'是指在选项中出现悬而难决的情形, 答案选项有可能是不曾知晓的表达, 考生面对类似情形可用`事实后决`的方法解题, 即过滤掉明显不合文意的选项, 最后决定答案项。`事实后决'与过去常说到的解题方法`排除法'接近。
以NMET2000为例:
But [ ], would there be a chair in Room 316
(D) A. in fact B. by chance C. once more D. then again
题解: (1) `but then again'这一表达并未出现在2000年考纲词汇表或中学教科书中。考生面对类似情形可用`排除法'解题, 即过滤掉明显不合文意的选项。就此题来说, 选项[A] =actualy, 意为 `事实上'; 选项[B]意为
`偶然'; 选项[C] 意为`再次', 分别代入, 会发现与文意相去甚远, 故排除。
(2) `but then again' 为一表达法, 意思是`although something is true, something else is also true which makes the first thing seem less important.'
例: I don't spend much, but then again I don't go out much.
He's clumsy(苯手苯脚的), but then again, he's always willing to help.
→`but then again'相当于中文的`可是话又说回来'。
Burlington isn't much more than a (1) village. Its streets were never (2) for heavy trucks.
(C) (1) A. pretty B. quiet C. large D. modern
(B) (2) A. tested B. meant C. kept D. used
题解:(1、2)
i. 译为`伯灵顿最多算个大点儿的村落; 伯灵顿的街道绝非用来通行重型卡车。'
ii. `A is not (much) more than B.'的意思是`A不(很)像B那样'。
iii. `mean ... for'的意思是`打算把...给...; 把...当做...'。请看类例:
(1) I meant this camera for my daughter.
(2) I meant this picture for a cat.(我这张画儿原本是要画成猫的。) (3) She meant her son for a lawyer.
3. 反比否定
所谓`反比否定'是指从选项相反意思的假设入手去印证该选项正确与否。与使用`事实后决'的方法一样, `反比否定'常用对在对选项较难作出判断, 或对选项较难作出印证的情形中。
以[NMET2000]为例:
Finally I turned the key in the lock and [ ] the door open, with Dad still complaining(抱怨) about a hurting knee or something.
(C) A. knocked B. forced C. pushed D. tried
选项[A、B]含`把门用力弄开', 意指门原本被牢牢关闭, 不易打开。在上下文无特别交待的情形下, `knock/force'意指平时门都要在`强力'的作用下才能打开, 一般的`open/push'是打不开的, 这当然有悖事理。而选项[D]`try the door open'可用于像首次打开如地宫之门之类。若选用`try the door open', 则意指平时门都要在像首次打开如地宫之门那样才能打开。
4. 同比排除
所谓`同比排除'是指从选项设置有可能存在相同性与答案则只能具有唯一性这一矛盾入手, 排除意同或类别同的选项。此一命题现象在NMET完形填空中多有出现, 请留意。
以[NMET2000]为例:
例1: Finally I turned the key in the lock and 40 the door
open, with Dad still complaining(抱怨) about a hurting knee or something.
(C) A. knocked B. forced C. pushed D. tried
选项[A]`knocked'与选项[B]`forced'在干扰角度上相同, 可一并排除。
例2: But to my [ ], the room wasn't empty at all! It had
furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the walls.
(C) A. regret B. disappointment C. surprise D. knowledge
题解: (1) 选项[A]`regret'意指`使某人感到遗撼的是'与选项[B]`disappoint-
ment'意指`使某人感到失望的是'在干扰角度上相同, 可一并排除。
(2) 作者打开房门后所看到的情形完全出乎意料, 故选用C`surprise'。
例3: Greeting me with a nod, she said in a soft voice, "Hi, you must be
Cori." Then, she (1) the music and looked over at (2) .
(B) (1) A. turned on B. turned down C. played D. enjoyed
题解: 通过下文Amy邀请作者的父亲喝冰茶"Would you like a glass of iced tea "可以断定Amy是一位有礼貌的姑娘。与此相联系的动作应是`turn down the music(把音乐的声音关小)。
选项[A]、D、C在干扰角度上相近。
例4: "And of course, you're