2006年高危试题[下学期]
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【试题1】完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
If Mickey Mouse slips on a banana peel on TV, viewers laugh. But for ordinary people,falling is not amusing. If you trip on a curb or fall 1 your bike, you can 2 days to heal. For old people, the result of a fall can be 3 .
Scientists at the University of Pittsburgh, US, wanted to know 4 why some people are more 5 to fall than others.
The researchers found that balance involves 6 planting your feet on the ground and 7 tall. Your brain keeps your sense of 8 with inputs from your eyes and inner ears and sensations from your feet and legs. If something goes 9 with any of these, you're likely to fall. People 10 to fall more often as they grow 11 because their senses are less acute(敏锐的).
State of 12 is important too. The research shows that when people know they 13 on a slippery surface, they shorten their pace and walk with flatter feet. As a result, they fall 14 often.
"We actually make people slip and fall," researcher Mark Redfern said. People of different ages fall 15 in his lab. Cameras record their falls and a computer analyzes the data. Scientists then can train people16 fall often how to be on the alert.
"If they 17 a lifelike but 18 environment, people eventually can learn to handle the real thing," Redfern said.
Falls happen to everyone sometimes. Next time you see someone fall, think about why and offer a 19 hand. This person's painful experience may 20 you falling at the same place.
( ) 1. A. to B. down C. off D. on
( ) 2. A. spend B. take C. cost D. waste
( ) 3. A. worse B. less C. better D. more
( ) 4. A. why B. when C. how D. where
( ) 5. A. possible B. able C. probable D. likely
( ) 6. A. rather than B. other than C. less than D. more than
( ) 7. A. to stand B. standing C. being D. to be
( ) 8. A. balance B. stability C. responsibility D. humor
( ) 9. A. worse B. bad C. wrong D. terrible
( )10. A. tend B. plan C. mean D. intend
( ) 11. A. wilder B. up C. older D. more
( )12. A. eyes B. mind C. ears D. feet
( )13. A. are walking B. walk C. have walked D. will walk
( )14. A. more B. less C. much D. little
( ) 15. A. by accident B. by mistake C. on purpose D. on time
( )16. A. they B. them C. who D. whom
( ) 17. A. used to B. use to C. are used for D. get used to
( ) 18. A. controlled B. controlling C. to control D. being controlled
( ) 19. A. help B. helpful C. helper D. helping
( ) 20. A. keep B. protect C. prevent D. save
Keys: .1-5 CBAAD 6-10 DBACA
11-15 CBABC 16-20 CDADC
【试题2】
Tragedy or Blessing
Years ago in Scotland, the Clark family had a dream. Clark and his wife worked and 36 , making plans for their nine children and themselves to travel to 37 . It had taken years, but they had 38 saved enough money and had gotten passports and reservations(预订座位) for the whole family on a new liner to the United States.
The entire family was filled with 39 about their new life. 40 , seven days before their departure, the youngest son was bitten by a dog. The doctor sewed up the boy but 41 a yellow sheet on the Clarks' front door. 42 the possibility of rabies(狂犬病), they were being quarantined (隔离) for fourteen days.
The family's 43 were destroyed. They would not be able to make the trip to America as they had 44 . The father, filled with disappointment and 45 , hurried to the dock to watch the ship leave - without the Clark family. 46 of disappointment came to the father and he 47 both his son and God for their misfortune(不幸).
Five days 48 , the tragic news spread throughout Scotland - the mighty Titanic had sunk. The 49 ship had sunk, taking hundreds of lives with it. The Clark family was to have been on that ship, 50 because the son had been bitten by a dog, they were 51 in Scotland.
When Mr. Clark heard the news, he 52 his son and thanked him for saving the family. He thanked 53 for saving their lives and turning what he had felt was a(n) 54 into a blessing.
Although we may not always understand, all things 55 for a reason.
http:///welcome_center/inspirational/inspirational_stories/life/life.html ( http: / / / welcome_center / inspirational / inspirational_stories / life / life.html )
36. A. spent B. counted C. saved D. played
37. A. America B. Europe C. Japan D. Africa
38. A. quickly B. surely C. fortunately D. finally
39. A. creativity B. excitement C. surprise D. imagination
40. A. However B. Besides C. Instead D. Otherwise
41. A. signed B. hanged C. hung D. raised
42. A. Apart from B. In spite of C. As to D. Because of
43. A. passports B. ships C. houses D. dreams
44. A. imagined B. planned C. admitted D. claimed
45. A. tension B. courage C. anger D. doubt
46. A. Information B. Tears C. Letters D. News
47. A. praised B. cursed C. hated D. forgave
48. A. later B. since C. late D. over
49. A. previous B. hopeless C. unsinkable D. fashionable
50. A. so B. or C. and D. but
51. A. left behind B. given out C. turned away D. taken over
52. A. envied B. called C. kissed D. hugged
53. A. luck B. God C. time D. dog
54. A. sacrifice B. experience C. comedy D. tragedy
55. A. remains B. disappear C. happen D. exist
命题理由：记叙文型完形填空是近年高考命题一大特点，充分利用语境，挖掘人物关系，设置上下文，考查词汇之间的细微差别是另一显著特点。本文以日常生活中发生的一件小事来说明“塞翁失马，焉知非富？”的道理。
详细解答：36-40 CADBA 41-45CDDBC 46-50 BBACD 51-55 ADBDC
【试题3】
The Perfect Dog
During summer vacations, I would volunteer at the vet’s, so I’d seen a lot of dogs. Minnie was by far the funniest-looking dog I’d 36 seen. Thin curly(卷毛的) hair barely covered her sausage-shaped body. Her eyes always seemed surprised. And her tail 37 like a rat’s tail.
She was brought to the vet to be put to sleep 38 her owners didn’t want her any more. I thought Minnie had a 39 personality(性格), though. "No one should judge her by her 40 ," I thought. So the vet spayed(切除卵巢) her and gave her the necessary shots. Finally, I 41 Minnie in the local paper: "Funny-looking 42 , well behaved, needs loving family."
When a young man 43 , I warned him that Minnie was strange looking. The boy on the phone told me that his grandfather’s sixteen-year-old dog had just died. They wanted Minnie no matter 44 . I gave Minnie a good 45 and fluffed(抖松) up what was left of her scraggly(零乱的) hair. Then we waited for them to 46 .
At last, an old car 47 in front of the vet’s. Two kids raced to the door. They scooped(抓取) Minnie into their arms and 48 her out to their grandfather, who was waiting in the car. I hurried behind them to see his 49 to Minnie.
50 the car, the grandfather took Minnie in his arms and touched her soft hair. She licked(舔) his face. Her rattail wagged around so 51 that it looked like it might fly off her body. It was 52 at first lick.
"She’s 53 !" the old man exclaimed(惊叫).
I was thankful that Minnie had found the good 54 that she deserved.
That’s when I saw that the grandfather’s eyes were a milky white color - he was 55 .
http://www.bioon.com/exam/digest/143742.shtml ( http: / / www.bioon.com / exam / digest / 143742.shtml )
36. A. never B. ever C. already D. seldom
37. A. did B. felt C. sounded D. looked
38. A. though B. when C. because D. since
39. A. fascinating B. sweet C. bitter D. frightening
40. A. looks B. age C. size D. character
41. A. sold B. advertised C. broadcast D. showed
42. A. rat B. cat C. dog D. parrot
43. A. left B. answered C. visited D. called
44. A. what B. which C. where D. how
45. A. surprise B. bath C. beating D. meal
46. A. connect B. buy C. arrive D. call
47. A. worked up B. mixed up C. picked up D. pulled up
48. A. helped B. showed C. rushed D. presented
49. A. reaction B. attitude C. request D. answer
50. A. Beyond B. Inside C. Before D. Behind
51. A. hurriedly B. easily C. quickly D. surely
52. A. friendship B. belief C. respect D. love
53. A. perfect B. funny-looking C. yellow D. silly
54. A. partner B. home C. result D. vet
55. A. deaf B. sick C. blind D. proud
命题理由：记叙文型完形填空是近年高考命题一大特点，充分利用语境，挖掘人物关系，设置上下文，考查词汇之间的细微差别是另一显著特点。本文以一条狗为线索，介绍其前前后后的遭遇，文章的最后一句话点题。
详细解答：36-40 BDCBA 41-45 BCDAB 46-50 CDCAB 51-55 CDABC
【试题4】
Work stress levels "lower" in UK
UK workers are among the least stressed in Europe, a survey has suggested.
Just 20% of British workers found their workplace "too stressful" compared with an average of 27% across Europe.
Switzerland and Sweden suffered the highest levels of anxiety in their job (33%), the survey by global recruitment(招募) agency Kelly Services found.
The poll of 19,000 people across 12 countries also found that male workers, older staff and those in steady jobs were under the greatest pressure.
"A certain amount of stress is inevitable and can be a good thing when it pushes people beyond their comfort zone to work harder and smarter," said Steve Girdler, marketing director of Kelly Services UK.
"But high levels of prolonged stress are not good because they have an effect on productivity(生产效率) and are associated with physical and emotional illness," he warned.
The group also found stress increased significantly with age - rising from 19% in the 15-24 age group to 23% for those aged 45 and above.
The report suggested these workers could also be suffering from added stress at home and increased responsibility.
Those working the longest hours found their job the most stressful - 18% for those working 30 hours or less, 34% for those clocking on for 41-50 hours, and 50% for those working longer than 51 hours.
Kelly Services also uncovered a close link between stress and job satisfaction.
For those workers who said they faced too much stress, just 28% were happy in their jobs, while for those with "just the right amount of stress" happiness levels jumped to 65%.
The findings suggest staff enjoy jobs where they face challenges that push them to "learn new skills".
http://www.clickajob.co.uk/static/candidate/news/item/work_stress_levels_lower_in_uk__370.html ( http: / / www.clickajob.co.uk / static / candidate / news / item / work_stress_levels_lower_in_uk__370.html )
1. The underlined word “inevitable” in Paragraph 5 means________.
A. unreasonable B. unnecessary C. unavoidable D. unexpected
2. How many British workers surveyed found their workplace “too stressful”
A. 5130. B. 6270. C. 3610. D. 3800.
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A. Stress is of no benefit to workers at all, whether young or old.
B. Long term of high stress may result in various sicknesses.
C. The longer a worker works, the more stressed he will be
D. The older a worker is, the more stress he will have to face
4. The purpose of writing the passage is _______.
A. to offer practical tips on reducing working stress
B. to find the link between stress and job satisfaction
C. to seek ways to reduce the workers’ working stress
D. to report the result of a recent survey in Europe
命题理由：调查报告类阅读理解是近年高考命题一大热点，其命题特点是点、线、面兼顾，既可以词义猜测，又能够考查细节理解、推理判断或主旨概括，形式多样。
详细解答：1-4 CDAD
【试题5】
http://bbs./index.php automodule=blog&blogid=288& ( http: / / bbs. / index.php automodule=blog&blogid=288& )
On July 16th 1995, a new bookstore opened in the American city of Seattle. No one steps inside to buy anything. Yet, the store, if you could call it that, had sales last year of 7000 million dollars. Ten years ago, few people bought things over the Internet. Few thought it was safe. Amazon.com changed many people's minds.
Ten years later, an estimated(估计) seven out of ten American adults have used a computer to buy something. Market researchers at ComScore Networks estimate online spending last year at 117,000 million dollars. That was for goods and travel services. The person who started Amazon, Jeff Bezos remains its leader. In the 1990s, he urged employees to help Amazon get big fast. Yet, Amazon invested in many similar businesses that failed. Amazon lost plenty of money. It did not make a profit until 2003. Its most recent profit and earnings report released last week was better than many market watchers had expected.
Today people can buy not just books and music but also many other products through Amazon. It competes with eBay, which celebrates its 10th birthday in September. eBay calls itself "the world's online marketplace". It does not sell anything. Instead, it provides a way for others to sell goods and services. People who want to buy something make competing offers through online auctions. eBay has grown to include several other businesses. These include Paypal, a company that processes online payments.
As online sellers grew, traditional stores saw the future. Today, stores from the smallest to the biggest sell on the Internet. These include the biggest of all, Wal-Mart.
1. What is the correct relationship between Amazon.com(A), eBay(B) and Paypal(P)
A. B. C. D.
2. Amazon.com and eBay are different in that ________.
A. one sells something while the other doesn’t
B. one is making profits while the other isn’t
C. one was opened 10 years earlier than the other
D. one operates online but the other doesn’t
3. We can infer from the passage that________.
A. Amazon.com has been making profits for ten years
B. traditional bookstores are wondering at their futures
C. Wal-Mart is among the largest online stores
D. online shopping tends to be larger and easier
4. The passage is most likely to be _________.
A. an economics report B. an entertainment report C. a political report D. a cultural report
命题理由：新闻报道类阅读理解是近年高考命题一大热点，其命题特点是关注日常生活中的趣事、乐事等，既可以词义猜测，又能够考查细节理解、推理判断或主旨概括，形式多样。
详细解答：1-4 DADA
【试题6】
Elegant performances by Gregory Peck and Audrey Hepburn in the 1953 Hollywood classic "Roman Holiday", made the ancient city a romantic destination.
Before the film the city seldom was associated with romance. Rome, the centre of Western civilization for centuries, had been a city of heroes rather than lovers.
Built in 753 BC, the city's roots go back to the legend of twin brothers Romulus and Remus, who were raised by a she-wolf instead of a human mother. The two boys built the city, but ended up at war with each other. Romulus won the battle and the city became known as Rome.
Many famous personages, like Julius Caesar, have left their marks on the city. The saying "Rome wasn't built in a day" is proved quickly when you start exploring the city. Like a museum of architecture and history, Rome presents a mix of temples, churches, and statues from different periods. You can view masterpieces by Da Vinci and Michelangelo with your own eyes in the Vatican, the world's smallest country.
In addition to its cultural riches, Rome is famous for hospitality. Don't worry if you don't speak Italian. A simple "Ciao", (pronounced “chow”; English meaning =both hello and goodbye) can bring you warm smiles and save you from swarming souvenir dealers.
"When in Rome, do as the Romans do" is another saying. So don't forget to make a wish while throwing a coin into the Trevi Fountain. It is said the wish will bring you back to Rome one day. The fountain is said to be the most visited one in the world, because "all roads lead to Rome." Believe it or not, the fountain collects US$1000-worth of coins every day.
( ) 1. The city was associated with romance since___________.
A. “Roman Holiday” was made.
B. Rome was built in 753 BC.
C. many personages left their marks there.
D. the city became the centre of Western civilization.
( ) 2. “Rome wasn’t built in a day” in the passage means ___________.
A. It took a long time for Romans to build the city.
B. It has been a long time since Rome got its name.
C. There are many architecture art in the history in Rome.
D. Romans enjoyed the reputation of persistence.
( ) 3. If you do as Romans do, you should _______.
A. say a simple “Ciao” when you meet Romans.
B. come back to Rome one day as you wish
C. throw a coin into the Fountain and make a wish
D. Both A and C
( ) 4. According to the passage, which is not true
A. The twin brothers were brought up by a wolf.
B. Rome was named after the winner of the war.
C. The world’s smallest country is in Rome.
D. The Fountain was used to collect money.
Keys: 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. D
【试题7】
请观察下面3幅图画并以“The Gentleman On The Beam”为题，就主人公“陈四”如何临慌不乱、随机应变并成功地“劝贼向善”这一寓言故事，用英文写一篇短文。
注意：1. 词数：120左右；2. 参考词汇：梁：beam。
猜题理由：“和谐社会”是国人乃至世人的共同期盼，这种祥和的社会环境需要国人共同创建与维护。金无足赤，人无完人，犯错难免，改过向善，“回头”有岸。人生在世勿忘宽容，退一步海阔天空。宽容而生和谐，和谐而促稳定，稳定而利发展，发展而致繁荣。对国家而言，此乃富国强兵之根本；对自身而言此乃安身立命之关键。这篇寓言故事便倡导“宽以待人”，倡导“改过向善”。
详细解答：本文属于寓言故事，时态应以过去时为主，人称应以第三人称——陈四和“梁上君子”为主。本故事梗概如下：陈四躺在床上，见一盗贼溜进屋中，藏身于梁上。陈四起床，穿好衣服，佯装无事，并把孩子叫到屋里，说道：“人应该总是做好事。坏人并非生来就是坏的。他们之所以经常做坏事，是恶习力量所致。现在梁上的人就是这样的人。”盗贼听了，非常感动，翻身下梁，跪于陈四面前，请求处罚。本故事考生相对较熟，写作难度不大，有话可写，但是行文时要注意内容要点表达的齐全与表达形式的多样化。另外，行文时要力求使用一些较高级词汇和较复杂语法结构，以体现英语知识向英语表达能力的转化。
参考范文
The Gentleman On The Beam
One night, a man named Chen Si, was lying on his bed when he saw a thief stealing into his house. In order not to be noticed, the thief hid himself on the beam. Unfortunately Chen Si had found him and was thinking what to do with him. Then he had a good idea.
Chen Si got up and dressed himself without any noise, called his children in and said to them, “ One should always do good deeds. However, those who make it a rule to do wrong are not born badly. It is their habits that make him do so. The gentleman on the beam is just a man of this kind.”
On hearing this, the thief was so deeply moved that he jumped down off the beam and quickly got down on his knees before Chen Si asking for punishment.
范文点评 本文属于记叙文，要点齐全，结构严谨。高级词汇（如in order not to do something; hide oneself in/ on some place; Unfortunately; get up; dress oneself; do good deeds; On hearing this; got down on his knees等）和较复杂语法结构（如One night, a man named Chen Si, was lying on his bed when he saw a thief stealing into his house;；However, those who make it a rule to do wrong are not born badly; On hearing this, the thief was so deeply moved that he jumped down off the beam and quickly got down on his knees before Chen Si asking for punishment 等）的使用增加了文章的表现力，提高了文章的得分档次。而逻辑联系词语(如and, then, however, 等)的适当使用使行文更加通顺、流畅。
【试题8】
下画是2008年北京奥运会的一套吉祥物“Five Friendlies”——五个亲密的小伙伴。从左至右他们分别是福娃贝贝、福娃晶晶、福娃欢欢、福娃迎迎和福娃妮妮，他们的造型融入了鱼、大熊猫、奥林匹克圣火、藏羚羊以及燕子等形象。为了进一步向外国友人宣传“福娃”，请您以“The Official Mascots of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games”为题，用英文写一篇短文。
HYPERLINK "http://www.shsky.cn/fw/" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.shsky.cn/fw/images/fuwa.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET
内容要点包括：
1. 五个“福娃”双音节名字的第一个音节(syllable)组合起来就是“北京欢迎您”，在英语里也表示同样的意思；
2. 在中国的古代文化中，通过符号和象征来传递祝福(blessing)是一种传统。“福娃”的每个形象象征了一种不同的祝福，并且希望通过这一古老的方式向全世界的儿童送去祝福。其中贝贝代表繁荣(prosperity)的祝福、晶晶代表欢乐的祝福、欢欢代表激情(passion)的祝福、迎迎代表健康的祝福，妮妮代表好运的祝福；
3. 这些吉祥物是北京献给全世界和奥运运动的礼物。他们向世人们表达了中国人民对和平、友谊、进步与和谐的心愿。
注意：
1. 短文的开头已为您写好不记入总词数；行文时可以适当增加细节使结构完整；
2. 参考词汇：象征 – symbolize. vt/ symbol. n；
3. 词数：110左右。
The Official Mascots of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games
The long-anticipated(期待) mascots(吉祥物), a set of five doll mascots --- “Five Freiendlies” for the 2008 Olympic Games, are unveiled(揭晓) on Nov. 11 in 2005. in Beijing, capital of China.
Each of the Friendlies has a rhyming two-syllable name --- a traditional way of expressing affection(love) for children in China. Beibei is the Fish, Jingjing is the Panda, Huanhuan is the Olympic Flame, Yingying is the Tibetan Antelope and Nini is the Swallow. … …
猜题理由：2008年奥运会在中国北京举办，众望所归，举国欢庆。北京奥运会吉祥物“福娃(Five Friendlies)”的面世，代表了中国人民的梦想和渴望。他们的原型和头饰蕴含着其与海洋、森林、圣火、大地和天空的联系，其形象设计应用了中国传统艺术的表现手法，展现了中国的灿烂文化，突出了民族特色。福娃向世界各地的孩子们传递了友谊、和平、积极进取的精神和人与自然和谐相处的美好愿望。北京奥运会吉祥物的每个娃娃都代表着一个美好的祝愿：繁荣、欢乐、激情、健康与好运。福娃们带着北京的盛情，国人的期盼，将祝福带往世界各地，邀请各国人民共聚北京，共庆2008奥运盛典。
详细解答：本文属于记叙文，时态应以现在时为主，人称应以第三人称——“福娃”为主。为使行文变化有致，行文时主从复合句与简单句可以结合使用。本文写作有一定难度，因此行文时注意内容要点表达的适度简化与表达形式的多样化。另外，行文时要力求使用一些较高级词汇和较复杂语法结构，以体现英语知识向英语表达能力的转化。
参考范文
The Official Mascots of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games
The long-anticipated mascots, a set of five doll mascots --- “Five Friendlies” for the 2008 Olympic Games, are unveiled on Nov. 11, in 2005. in Beijing, capital of China.
Each of the Friendlies has a rhyming two-syllable name --- a traditional way of expressing affection(love) for children in China. Beibei is the Fish, Jingjing is the Panda, Huanhuan is the Olympic Flame, Yingying is the Tibetan Antelope and Nini is the Swallow. When you put the first syllables from their two-syllable names together, you will form a line that reads “Bei Jing Huan Ying Ni”, or in English “Welcome to Beijing.”
In the ancient culture of China, there is a grand tradition of spreading blessings through signs and symbols. Each of the mascots symbolizes a different blessing and will honor this tradition by carrying their blessings to the children of the world. Beibei represents the blessing of prosperity, Jingjing the blessing of happiness, Huanhuan the blessing of passion, Yingying the blessing of health and Nini the blessing of good luck.
The Five Friendlies are a special gift that Beijing presents to the world and to the Olympic Games. And the mascots express Chinese people’s wishes for peace, friendship, progress and harmony to the world.
范文点评 本文属于记叙文，要点齐全，结构严谨。高级词汇（如put … together; in English; express something to somebody等）和较复杂语法结构（如When you put the first syllables from their two-syllable names together, you will form a line that reads “Bei Jing Huan Ying Ni”, or in English “Welcome to Beijing.”; The Five Friendlies are a special gift that Beijing presents to the world and to the Olympic Games 等）的使用增加了文章的表现力，提高了文章的得分档次。而逻辑联系词语(如when, or, and等)的适当使用使行文更加通顺、流畅。
【试题9】
假设你叫王明, 到超市购物, 收银员多次少找钱，昨天你购38。2元物品，给50元买单，但收银元少找，只给了10元，我指出后，她态度很不好，你写一封信找经理抱怨、投诉。
要点说明：1。 抱怨焦点是收银员态度不好。
2． 收银员少找钱
3． 建议提高服务质量。
收银员casher
Dear Sir,
My name is Wang Ming. I am an ordinary consumer of your shop. I venture to write to you about the service in your shop.
The focus of the complaint is the casher’s attitude. For one thing, one of your cashers attempted to shortchange me. For another, the same thing has occurred twice in one month. Frankly speaking, for the first, I haven’t taken notice of it. But yesterday I purchased several items totaling ￥ 38.2 and handed a ￥50 bill to a casher, but she gave me only ￥10.2 change. Besides, she was not very kind o me when I pointed out her mistake.
All in all, there is still much room for improvement. I do hope this is the last time and she will learn a lesson from it. Thank you for your time and kind consideration.
Yours respectfully,
Wang Ming
【试题10】
在高三开学出初，学校学生会重新选举学生会主席，你参加了，并在竞选时把你的想法告诉大家。希望他们支持你。
个性 活泼，好学，谦虚，喜欢篮球，排球，乒乓球
能力 高中阶段一直是班长
想法 将组织各种活动，满足学生需求
Today I am very glad to have the chance to run for the president of the students’ union. I am a student in senior three.
Since I came to this school, I have always been the monitor of my class. I have done a very good job for my classmates., and in turn both my classmates and my teachers give me a good praise. I am good at communication and organizing and always ready to help others. Moreover, I have a variety of hobbies such as basketball, football, table tennis, etc. I am sure that I am well qualified for this position.
If I become the president, I will try my best to make the students’ union attractive by organizing different activities for you. I will do many things for you to meet your demands as well. I am sincerely hope you will give me a chance and please believe me that I will be good president. Thank you.
A
A
A BB
P
P
B
A
P
B
B
B
P
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
If Mickey Mouse slips on a banana peel on TV, viewers laugh. But for ordinary people,falling is not amusing. If you trip on a curb or fall 1 your bike, you can 2 days to heal. For old people, the result of a fall can be 3 .
Scientists at the University of Pittsburgh, US, wanted to know 4 why some people are more 5 to fall than others.
The researchers found that balance involves 6 planting your feet on the ground and 7 tall. Your brain keeps your sense of 8 with inputs from your eyes and inner ears and sensations from your feet and legs. If something goes 9 with any of these, you're likely to fall. People 10 to fall more often as they grow 11 because their senses are less acute(敏锐的).
State of 12 is important too. The research shows that when people know they 13 on a slippery surface, they shorten their pace and walk with flatter feet. As a result, they fall 14 often.
"We actually make people slip and fall," researcher Mark Redfern said. People of different ages fall 15 in his lab. Cameras record their falls and a computer analyzes the data. Scientists then can train people16 fall often how to be on the alert.
"If they 17 a lifelike but 18 environment, people eventually can learn to handle the real thing," Redfern said.
Falls happen to everyone sometimes. Next time you see someone fall, think about why and offer a 19 hand. This person's painful experience may 20 you falling at the same place.
( ) 1. A. to B. down C. off D. on
( ) 2. A. spend B. take C. cost D. waste
( ) 3. A. worse B. less C. better D. more
( ) 4. A. why B. when C. how D. where
( ) 5. A. possible B. able C. probable D. likely
( ) 6. A. rather than B. other than C. less than D. more than
( ) 7. A. to stand B. standing C. being D. to be
( ) 8. A. balance B. stability C. responsibility D. humor
( ) 9. A. worse B. bad C. wrong D. terrible
( )10. A. tend B. plan C. mean D. intend
( ) 11. A. wilder B. up C. older D. more
( )12. A. eyes B. mind C. ears D. feet
( )13. A. are walking B. walk C. have walked D. will walk
( )14. A. more B. less C. much D. little
( ) 15. A. by accident B. by mistake C. on purpose D. on time
( )16. A. they B. them C. who D. whom
( ) 17. A. used to B. use to C. are used for D. get used to
( ) 18. A. controlled B. controlling C. to control D. being controlled
( ) 19. A. help B. helpful C. helper D. helping
( ) 20. A. keep B. protect C. prevent D. save
Keys: .1-5 CBAAD 6-10 DBACA
11-15 CBABC 16-20 CDADC
【试题2】
Tragedy or Blessing
Years ago in Scotland, the Clark family had a dream. Clark and his wife worked and 36 , making plans for their nine children and themselves to travel to 37 . It had taken years, but they had 38 saved enough money and had gotten passports and reservations(预订座位) for the whole family on a new liner to the United States.
The entire family was filled with 39 about their new life. 40 , seven days before their departure, the youngest son was bitten by a dog. The doctor sewed up the boy but 41 a yellow sheet on the Clarks' front door. 42 the possibility of rabies(狂犬病), they were being quarantined (隔离) for fourteen days.
The family's 43 were destroyed. They would not be able to make the trip to America as they had 44 . The father, filled with disappointment and 45 , hurried to the dock to watch the ship leave - without the Clark family. 46 of disappointment came to the father and he 47 both his son and God for their misfortune(不幸).
Five days 48 , the tragic news spread throughout Scotland - the mighty Titanic had sunk. The 49 ship had sunk, taking hundreds of lives with it. The Clark family was to have been on that ship, 50 because the son had been bitten by a dog, they were 51 in Scotland.
When Mr. Clark heard the news, he 52 his son and thanked him for saving the family. He thanked 53 for saving their lives and turning what he had felt was a(n) 54 into a blessing.
Although we may not always understand, all things 55 for a reason.
http:///welcome_center/inspirational/inspirational_stories/life/life.html ( http: / / / welcome_center / inspirational / inspirational_stories / life / life.html )
36. A. spent B. counted C. saved D. played
37. A. America B. Europe C. Japan D. Africa
38. A. quickly B. surely C. fortunately D. finally
39. A. creativity B. excitement C. surprise D. imagination
40. A. However B. Besides C. Instead D. Otherwise
41. A. signed B. hanged C. hung D. raised
42. A. Apart from B. In spite of C. As to D. Because of
43. A. passports B. ships C. houses D. dreams
44. A. imagined B. planned C. admitted D. claimed
45. A. tension B. courage C. anger D. doubt
46. A. Information B. Tears C. Letters D. News
47. A. praised B. cursed C. hated D. forgave
48. A. later B. since C. late D. over
49. A. previous B. hopeless C. unsinkable D. fashionable
50. A. so B. or C. and D. but
51. A. left behind B. given out C. turned away D. taken over
52. A. envied B. called C. kissed D. hugged
53. A. luck B. God C. time D. dog
54. A. sacrifice B. experience C. comedy D. tragedy
55. A. remains B. disappear C. happen D. exist
命题理由：记叙文型完形填空是近年高考命题一大特点，充分利用语境，挖掘人物关系，设置上下文，考查词汇之间的细微差别是另一显著特点。本文以日常生活中发生的一件小事来说明“塞翁失马，焉知非富？”的道理。
详细解答：36-40 CADBA 41-45CDDBC 46-50 BBACD 51-55 ADBDC
【试题3】
The Perfect Dog
During summer vacations, I would volunteer at the vet’s, so I’d seen a lot of dogs. Minnie was by far the funniest-looking dog I’d 36 seen. Thin curly(卷毛的) hair barely covered her sausage-shaped body. Her eyes always seemed surprised. And her tail 37 like a rat’s tail.
She was brought to the vet to be put to sleep 38 her owners didn’t want her any more. I thought Minnie had a 39 personality(性格), though. "No one should judge her by her 40 ," I thought. So the vet spayed(切除卵巢) her and gave her the necessary shots. Finally, I 41 Minnie in the local paper: "Funny-looking 42 , well behaved, needs loving family."
When a young man 43 , I warned him that Minnie was strange looking. The boy on the phone told me that his grandfather’s sixteen-year-old dog had just died. They wanted Minnie no matter 44 . I gave Minnie a good 45 and fluffed(抖松) up what was left of her scraggly(零乱的) hair. Then we waited for them to 46 .
At last, an old car 47 in front of the vet’s. Two kids raced to the door. They scooped(抓取) Minnie into their arms and 48 her out to their grandfather, who was waiting in the car. I hurried behind them to see his 49 to Minnie.
50 the car, the grandfather took Minnie in his arms and touched her soft hair. She licked(舔) his face. Her rattail wagged around so 51 that it looked like it might fly off her body. It was 52 at first lick.
"She’s 53 !" the old man exclaimed(惊叫).
I was thankful that Minnie had found the good 54 that she deserved.
That’s when I saw that the grandfather’s eyes were a milky white color - he was 55 .
http://www.bioon.com/exam/digest/143742.shtml ( http: / / www.bioon.com / exam / digest / 143742.shtml )
36. A. never B. ever C. already D. seldom
37. A. did B. felt C. sounded D. looked
38. A. though B. when C. because D. since
39. A. fascinating B. sweet C. bitter D. frightening
40. A. looks B. age C. size D. character
41. A. sold B. advertised C. broadcast D. showed
42. A. rat B. cat C. dog D. parrot
43. A. left B. answered C. visited D. called
44. A. what B. which C. where D. how
45. A. surprise B. bath C. beating D. meal
46. A. connect B. buy C. arrive D. call
47. A. worked up B. mixed up C. picked up D. pulled up
48. A. helped B. showed C. rushed D. presented
49. A. reaction B. attitude C. request D. answer
50. A. Beyond B. Inside C. Before D. Behind
51. A. hurriedly B. easily C. quickly D. surely
52. A. friendship B. belief C. respect D. love
53. A. perfect B. funny-looking C. yellow D. silly
54. A. partner B. home C. result D. vet
55. A. deaf B. sick C. blind D. proud
命题理由：记叙文型完形填空是近年高考命题一大特点，充分利用语境，挖掘人物关系，设置上下文，考查词汇之间的细微差别是另一显著特点。本文以一条狗为线索，介绍其前前后后的遭遇，文章的最后一句话点题。
详细解答：36-40 BDCBA 41-45 BCDAB 46-50 CDCAB 51-55 CDABC
【试题4】
Work stress levels "lower" in UK
UK workers are among the least stressed in Europe, a survey has suggested.
Just 20% of British workers found their workplace "too stressful" compared with an average of 27% across Europe.
Switzerland and Sweden suffered the highest levels of anxiety in their job (33%), the survey by global recruitment(招募) agency Kelly Services found.
The poll of 19,000 people across 12 countries also found that male workers, older staff and those in steady jobs were under the greatest pressure.
"A certain amount of stress is inevitable and can be a good thing when it pushes people beyond their comfort zone to work harder and smarter," said Steve Girdler, marketing director of Kelly Services UK.
"But high levels of prolonged stress are not good because they have an effect on productivity(生产效率) and are associated with physical and emotional illness," he warned.
The group also found stress increased significantly with age - rising from 19% in the 15-24 age group to 23% for those aged 45 and above.
The report suggested these workers could also be suffering from added stress at home and increased responsibility.
Those working the longest hours found their job the most stressful - 18% for those working 30 hours or less, 34% for those clocking on for 41-50 hours, and 50% for those working longer than 51 hours.
Kelly Services also uncovered a close link between stress and job satisfaction.
For those workers who said they faced too much stress, just 28% were happy in their jobs, while for those with "just the right amount of stress" happiness levels jumped to 65%.
The findings suggest staff enjoy jobs where they face challenges that push them to "learn new skills".
http://www.clickajob.co.uk/static/candidate/news/item/work_stress_levels_lower_in_uk__370.html ( http: / / www.clickajob.co.uk / static / candidate / news / item / work_stress_levels_lower_in_uk__370.html )
1. The underlined word “inevitable” in Paragraph 5 means________.
A. unreasonable B. unnecessary C. unavoidable D. unexpected
2. How many British workers surveyed found their workplace “too stressful”
A. 5130. B. 6270. C. 3610. D. 3800.
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A. Stress is of no benefit to workers at all, whether young or old.
B. Long term of high stress may result in various sicknesses.
C. The longer a worker works, the more stressed he will be
D. The older a worker is, the more stress he will have to face
4. The purpose of writing the passage is _______.
A. to offer practical tips on reducing working stress
B. to find the link between stress and job satisfaction
C. to seek ways to reduce the workers’ working stress
D. to report the result of a recent survey in Europe
命题理由：调查报告类阅读理解是近年高考命题一大热点，其命题特点是点、线、面兼顾，既可以词义猜测，又能够考查细节理解、推理判断或主旨概括，形式多样。
详细解答：1-4 CDAD
【试题5】
http://bbs./index.php automodule=blog&blogid=288& ( http: / / bbs. / index.php automodule=blog&blogid=288& )
On July 16th 1995, a new bookstore opened in the American city of Seattle. No one steps inside to buy anything. Yet, the store, if you could call it that, had sales last year of 7000 million dollars. Ten years ago, few people bought things over the Internet. Few thought it was safe. Amazon.com changed many people's minds.
Ten years later, an estimated(估计) seven out of ten American adults have used a computer to buy something. Market researchers at ComScore Networks estimate online spending last year at 117,000 million dollars. That was for goods and travel services. The person who started Amazon, Jeff Bezos remains its leader. In the 1990s, he urged employees to help Amazon get big fast. Yet, Amazon invested in many similar businesses that failed. Amazon lost plenty of money. It did not make a profit until 2003. Its most recent profit and earnings report released last week was better than many market watchers had expected.
Today people can buy not just books and music but also many other products through Amazon. It competes with eBay, which celebrates its 10th birthday in September. eBay calls itself "the world's online marketplace". It does not sell anything. Instead, it provides a way for others to sell goods and services. People who want to buy something make competing offers through online auctions. eBay has grown to include several other businesses. These include Paypal, a company that processes online payments.
As online sellers grew, traditional stores saw the future. Today, stores from the smallest to the biggest sell on the Internet. These include the biggest of all, Wal-Mart.
1. What is the correct relationship between Amazon.com(A), eBay(B) and Paypal(P)
A. B. C. D.
2. Amazon.com and eBay are different in that ________.
A. one sells something while the other doesn’t
B. one is making profits while the other isn’t
C. one was opened 10 years earlier than the other
D. one operates online but the other doesn’t
3. We can infer from the passage that________.
A. Amazon.com has been making profits for ten years
B. traditional bookstores are wondering at their futures
C. Wal-Mart is among the largest online stores
D. online shopping tends to be larger and easier
4. The passage is most likely to be _________.
A. an economics report B. an entertainment report C. a political report D. a cultural report
命题理由：新闻报道类阅读理解是近年高考命题一大热点，其命题特点是关注日常生活中的趣事、乐事等，既可以词义猜测，又能够考查细节理解、推理判断或主旨概括，形式多样。
详细解答：1-4 DADA
【试题6】
Elegant performances by Gregory Peck and Audrey Hepburn in the 1953 Hollywood classic "Roman Holiday", made the ancient city a romantic destination.
Before the film the city seldom was associated with romance. Rome, the centre of Western civilization for centuries, had been a city of heroes rather than lovers.
Built in 753 BC, the city's roots go back to the legend of twin brothers Romulus and Remus, who were raised by a she-wolf instead of a human mother. The two boys built the city, but ended up at war with each other. Romulus won the battle and the city became known as Rome.
Many famous personages, like Julius Caesar, have left their marks on the city. The saying "Rome wasn't built in a day" is proved quickly when you start exploring the city. Like a museum of architecture and history, Rome presents a mix of temples, churches, and statues from different periods. You can view masterpieces by Da Vinci and Michelangelo with your own eyes in the Vatican, the world's smallest country.
In addition to its cultural riches, Rome is famous for hospitality. Don't worry if you don't speak Italian. A simple "Ciao", (pronounced “chow”; English meaning =both hello and goodbye) can bring you warm smiles and save you from swarming souvenir dealers.
"When in Rome, do as the Romans do" is another saying. So don't forget to make a wish while throwing a coin into the Trevi Fountain. It is said the wish will bring you back to Rome one day. The fountain is said to be the most visited one in the world, because "all roads lead to Rome." Believe it or not, the fountain collects US$1000-worth of coins every day.
( ) 1. The city was associated with romance since___________.
A. “Roman Holiday” was made.
B. Rome was built in 753 BC.
C. many personages left their marks there.
D. the city became the centre of Western civilization.
( ) 2. “Rome wasn’t built in a day” in the passage means ___________.
A. It took a long time for Romans to build the city.
B. It has been a long time since Rome got its name.
C. There are many architecture art in the history in Rome.
D. Romans enjoyed the reputation of persistence.
( ) 3. If you do as Romans do, you should _______.
A. say a simple “Ciao” when you meet Romans.
B. come back to Rome one day as you wish
C. throw a coin into the Fountain and make a wish
D. Both A and C
( ) 4. According to the passage, which is not true
A. The twin brothers were brought up by a wolf.
B. Rome was named after the winner of the war.
C. The world’s smallest country is in Rome.
D. The Fountain was used to collect money.
Keys: 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. D
【试题7】
请观察下面3幅图画并以“The Gentleman On The Beam”为题，就主人公“陈四”如何临慌不乱、随机应变并成功地“劝贼向善”这一寓言故事，用英文写一篇短文。
注意：1. 词数：120左右；2. 参考词汇：梁：beam。
猜题理由：“和谐社会”是国人乃至世人的共同期盼，这种祥和的社会环境需要国人共同创建与维护。金无足赤，人无完人，犯错难免，改过向善，“回头”有岸。人生在世勿忘宽容，退一步海阔天空。宽容而生和谐，和谐而促稳定，稳定而利发展，发展而致繁荣。对国家而言，此乃富国强兵之根本；对自身而言此乃安身立命之关键。这篇寓言故事便倡导“宽以待人”，倡导“改过向善”。
详细解答：本文属于寓言故事，时态应以过去时为主，人称应以第三人称——陈四和“梁上君子”为主。本故事梗概如下：陈四躺在床上，见一盗贼溜进屋中，藏身于梁上。陈四起床，穿好衣服，佯装无事，并把孩子叫到屋里，说道：“人应该总是做好事。坏人并非生来就是坏的。他们之所以经常做坏事，是恶习力量所致。现在梁上的人就是这样的人。”盗贼听了，非常感动，翻身下梁，跪于陈四面前，请求处罚。本故事考生相对较熟，写作难度不大，有话可写，但是行文时要注意内容要点表达的齐全与表达形式的多样化。另外，行文时要力求使用一些较高级词汇和较复杂语法结构，以体现英语知识向英语表达能力的转化。
参考范文
The Gentleman On The Beam
One night, a man named Chen Si, was lying on his bed when he saw a thief stealing into his house. In order not to be noticed, the thief hid himself on the beam. Unfortunately Chen Si had found him and was thinking what to do with him. Then he had a good idea.
Chen Si got up and dressed himself without any noise, called his children in and said to them, “ One should always do good deeds. However, those who make it a rule to do wrong are not born badly. It is their habits that make him do so. The gentleman on the beam is just a man of this kind.”
On hearing this, the thief was so deeply moved that he jumped down off the beam and quickly got down on his knees before Chen Si asking for punishment.
范文点评 本文属于记叙文，要点齐全，结构严谨。高级词汇（如in order not to do something; hide oneself in/ on some place; Unfortunately; get up; dress oneself; do good deeds; On hearing this; got down on his knees等）和较复杂语法结构（如One night, a man named Chen Si, was lying on his bed when he saw a thief stealing into his house;；However, those who make it a rule to do wrong are not born badly; On hearing this, the thief was so deeply moved that he jumped down off the beam and quickly got down on his knees before Chen Si asking for punishment 等）的使用增加了文章的表现力，提高了文章的得分档次。而逻辑联系词语(如and, then, however, 等)的适当使用使行文更加通顺、流畅。
【试题8】
下画是2008年北京奥运会的一套吉祥物“Five Friendlies”——五个亲密的小伙伴。从左至右他们分别是福娃贝贝、福娃晶晶、福娃欢欢、福娃迎迎和福娃妮妮，他们的造型融入了鱼、大熊猫、奥林匹克圣火、藏羚羊以及燕子等形象。为了进一步向外国友人宣传“福娃”，请您以“The Official Mascots of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games”为题，用英文写一篇短文。
HYPERLINK "http://www.shsky.cn/fw/" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.shsky.cn/fw/images/fuwa.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET
内容要点包括：
1. 五个“福娃”双音节名字的第一个音节(syllable)组合起来就是“北京欢迎您”，在英语里也表示同样的意思；
2. 在中国的古代文化中，通过符号和象征来传递祝福(blessing)是一种传统。“福娃”的每个形象象征了一种不同的祝福，并且希望通过这一古老的方式向全世界的儿童送去祝福。其中贝贝代表繁荣(prosperity)的祝福、晶晶代表欢乐的祝福、欢欢代表激情(passion)的祝福、迎迎代表健康的祝福，妮妮代表好运的祝福；
3. 这些吉祥物是北京献给全世界和奥运运动的礼物。他们向世人们表达了中国人民对和平、友谊、进步与和谐的心愿。
注意：
1. 短文的开头已为您写好不记入总词数；行文时可以适当增加细节使结构完整；
2. 参考词汇：象征 – symbolize. vt/ symbol. n；
3. 词数：110左右。
The Official Mascots of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games
The long-anticipated(期待) mascots(吉祥物), a set of five doll mascots --- “Five Freiendlies” for the 2008 Olympic Games, are unveiled(揭晓) on Nov. 11 in 2005. in Beijing, capital of China.
Each of the Friendlies has a rhyming two-syllable name --- a traditional way of expressing affection(love) for children in China. Beibei is the Fish, Jingjing is the Panda, Huanhuan is the Olympic Flame, Yingying is the Tibetan Antelope and Nini is the Swallow. … …
猜题理由：2008年奥运会在中国北京举办，众望所归，举国欢庆。北京奥运会吉祥物“福娃(Five Friendlies)”的面世，代表了中国人民的梦想和渴望。他们的原型和头饰蕴含着其与海洋、森林、圣火、大地和天空的联系，其形象设计应用了中国传统艺术的表现手法，展现了中国的灿烂文化，突出了民族特色。福娃向世界各地的孩子们传递了友谊、和平、积极进取的精神和人与自然和谐相处的美好愿望。北京奥运会吉祥物的每个娃娃都代表着一个美好的祝愿：繁荣、欢乐、激情、健康与好运。福娃们带着北京的盛情，国人的期盼，将祝福带往世界各地，邀请各国人民共聚北京，共庆2008奥运盛典。
详细解答：本文属于记叙文，时态应以现在时为主，人称应以第三人称——“福娃”为主。为使行文变化有致，行文时主从复合句与简单句可以结合使用。本文写作有一定难度，因此行文时注意内容要点表达的适度简化与表达形式的多样化。另外，行文时要力求使用一些较高级词汇和较复杂语法结构，以体现英语知识向英语表达能力的转化。
参考范文
The Official Mascots of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games
The long-anticipated mascots, a set of five doll mascots --- “Five Friendlies” for the 2008 Olympic Games, are unveiled on Nov. 11, in 2005. in Beijing, capital of China.
Each of the Friendlies has a rhyming two-syllable name --- a traditional way of expressing affection(love) for children in China. Beibei is the Fish, Jingjing is the Panda, Huanhuan is the Olympic Flame, Yingying is the Tibetan Antelope and Nini is the Swallow. When you put the first syllables from their two-syllable names together, you will form a line that reads “Bei Jing Huan Ying Ni”, or in English “Welcome to Beijing.”
In the ancient culture of China, there is a grand tradition of spreading blessings through signs and symbols. Each of the mascots symbolizes a different blessing and will honor this tradition by carrying their blessings to the children of the world. Beibei represents the blessing of prosperity, Jingjing the blessing of happiness, Huanhuan the blessing of passion, Yingying the blessing of health and Nini the blessing of good luck.
The Five Friendlies are a special gift that Beijing presents to the world and to the Olympic Games. And the mascots express Chinese people’s wishes for peace, friendship, progress and harmony to the world.
范文点评 本文属于记叙文，要点齐全，结构严谨。高级词汇（如put … together; in English; express something to somebody等）和较复杂语法结构（如When you put the first syllables from their two-syllable names together, you will form a line that reads “Bei Jing Huan Ying Ni”, or in English “Welcome to Beijing.”; The Five Friendlies are a special gift that Beijing presents to the world and to the Olympic Games 等）的使用增加了文章的表现力，提高了文章的得分档次。而逻辑联系词语(如when, or, and等)的适当使用使行文更加通顺、流畅。
【试题9】
假设你叫王明, 到超市购物, 收银员多次少找钱，昨天你购38。2元物品，给50元买单，但收银元少找，只给了10元，我指出后，她态度很不好，你写一封信找经理抱怨、投诉。
要点说明：1。 抱怨焦点是收银员态度不好。
2． 收银员少找钱
3． 建议提高服务质量。
收银员casher
Dear Sir,
My name is Wang Ming. I am an ordinary consumer of your shop. I venture to write to you about the service in your shop.
The focus of the complaint is the casher’s attitude. For one thing, one of your cashers attempted to shortchange me. For another, the same thing has occurred twice in one month. Frankly speaking, for the first, I haven’t taken notice of it. But yesterday I purchased several items totaling ￥ 38.2 and handed a ￥50 bill to a casher, but she gave me only ￥10.2 change. Besides, she was not very kind o me when I pointed out her mistake.
All in all, there is still much room for improvement. I do hope this is the last time and she will learn a lesson from it. Thank you for your time and kind consideration.
Yours respectfully,
Wang Ming
【试题10】
在高三开学出初，学校学生会重新选举学生会主席，你参加了，并在竞选时把你的想法告诉大家。希望他们支持你。
个性 活泼，好学，谦虚，喜欢篮球，排球，乒乓球
能力 高中阶段一直是班长
想法 将组织各种活动，满足学生需求
Today I am very glad to have the chance to run for the president of the students’ union. I am a student in senior three.
Since I came to this school, I have always been the monitor of my class. I have done a very good job for my classmates., and in turn both my classmates and my teachers give me a good praise. I am good at communication and organizing and always ready to help others. Moreover, I have a variety of hobbies such as basketball, football, table tennis, etc. I am sure that I am well qualified for this position.
If I become the president, I will try my best to make the students’ union attractive by organizing different activities for you. I will do many things for you to meet your demands as well. I am sincerely hope you will give me a chance and please believe me that I will be good president. Thank you.
A
A
A BB
P
P
B
A
P
B
B
B
P
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