Advance with English(Module Four, Senior Grade One)
Unit 2 Sporting events
Part Three Grammar: Modal verbs
I. Words
host 主办；主持 attraction 吸引人的地方或事情 warm-up 热身，准备活动
stadium 设施；设备 bid 申请，争取 otherwise否则，要不然
first-class 一流的；最好的 fan 爱好者，迷 swimmer 游泳者
itself 它自己 pretty 相当，颇 post 邮寄
transport 运输 coach 教练
II. Phrases
make requests提出请求 be able to能够
make suggestions提出建议 attend the lecture听演讲
tourist attraction旅游景点 take first place获得第一名
sports facilities体育设施 warm-up exercises热身运动
plenty of大量的,许多的 a good time to do sth.做某事的好时光
an international airport国际机场 follow one’s advice听从某人的建议
III. Language points
1. host n.[c] 主人; 主持人; 主办者; vt.作……的东道主; 作(节目)主持人
1). The host brought in more wine.
2). Beijing will be the host city for the next Olympic Games.
3). Who will host the talk show
试完成下列句子:
1). This is a chat show__hosted by ______(由……主持)Oprach Winfrey.
2). Which country__is going to host______(将要主办)the next World Cup
3). Ho sting_______(主持)a music programme, she is popular with young people.
2. itself pron.. 它自己
in itself 就其本身而言
by itself 独自; 无需外力地
1). The cat lay on the sofa, washing__ itself _____.
2). The door opened___by_ itself ____.
3). Modern technology is not dangerous__in_ itself ____.
3. attraction n..[c] 吸引人的地方或事情
1). Niagara Fall is a great tourist___B___, drawing millions of visitors every year.
A. attention B. attraction C. agreement D. arrangement
2). Revision:
attractive (adj.) ; attract (vt.)
attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力; attract sb. to sth.吸引某人注意某事
be attracted to 为……所吸引 tourist attraction旅游景点
4. pretty adj. 漂亮的; adv. 相当; 颇
1). She is a pretty girl.
2). The old man is pretty ill.
注意: pretty (adv.) 与fairly, rather的用法:
pretty用作副词, 强调程度,不可与比较级连用.
fairly 常与含有褒义的词连用,不能和比较级及too连用.
rather指不太理想的情形, 多与含贬义的词连用,可与比较级及too连用.
1). To sit in the chair is pretty comfortable.
2). He is fairly brave.
3). It is rather cold.
4).The weather in Shanghai is pretty warmer than that in Beijing.(改错)
5).她留长发比留短发时看上去漂亮得多.
She looks much________ with long hair than with short hair.
5. plenty of 许多的,大量的 (既可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词)
1). 你有充足的时间.
2). 图书馆里有大量的书.
复习 “许多”的表达法.
IV. Grammar: Modal verbs
1. General introduction
1. 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,认为 “可能”、 “应当”、 “必要” 等等,但本身词义不完全, 不能单独作谓语动词,必须和不带 “to”的动词不定式(即动词原形)连用.
2.情态动词有: can(could), may(might),must, have to, shall(should), will(would),need, dare(dared), used to, ought to, had better, would rather等.
3.情态动词可用来表示能力、义务(责任、职责)、许可、请求、建议、提出帮助、规劝和推测(对现在情况的推测和对过去情况的推测)等.
1). He can run the 100m sprint in 11 seconds.
2). You must work hard to win the gold medal.
3). She might win a medal at the Olympics.
4). ---Can I watch the Olympics ---Yes, you can./ No, you can’t.
5). He is injured but may take part in the games.
6). Can you help me with my training
7). Shall we do some exercise this morning
8). Shall I get a ticket for you
9). You shouldn’t/ oughtn’t to eat a lot before swimming.
10). The boys may be playing football on the playground.
11). He plays basketball very well. He must have practised it a lot.
2. 主要用法
1. 常用情态动词的基本词义
(1). shall 和should
1). shall 用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿.
What shall we do this evening
2). shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中, 表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示.
Shall we begin our lesson
When shall he be able to leave the hospital
3). shall 用于第二、第三人称, 表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁.
You shall fail if you don’t work hard.
He shall have the book when I finish reading
He shall be punished.
4). should 表示劝告、建议、命令, 其同义词是 ought to; 在疑问句中, 通常用 should 代替ought to。
You should go to class right away.
Should I open the window
(2). will 和would
1). 表示请求、建议等,would 比will委婉客气。
Would you pass me the book
2). 表示意志、愿望和决心。
I will never do that again.
They asked as if we would do that again.
3). 用will be和 will+ have+过去分词的结构表示推测, 主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测,后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。
This will be the book you want.
He will have arrived by now.
4). Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
The wound would not heal.
During the vacation he would visit me every week.
5). 表示料想或猜想。
It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there
I thought he would have told you all about it.
(3). need和dare
当这两个词用于否定句和疑问句中时为情态动词。
1). You needn’t/don’t need to go training if you feel tired.
2). Dare he/Does he dare to dive into the water from the bridge
3). I______ask my father for money.(不敢)
4). 需要我现在打扫房间吗 (need)
2. 几对近义的情态动词
1). 表示能力的can、could和 be able to
(1). be able to和can都可以表示能力,意思上很近,但是有区别。
a. be able to 的主语必须是人或动物, 而can没有这个限制。
He can swim.(T/F)
He is able to swim.(T/F)
The radio can be fixed in 30 minutes.(T/F)
The radio is able to be fixed in 30 minutes.(T/F)
b. be able to可有各种时态形式,而can只有过去式could。
He will be able to skate as well as you.( 将来时态, 不用can)
In the past few days I ______ remember these long words.
A. could B. can C. can be able to D. have been able to
c. be able to 的过去式(was/were able to)可作“设法做成某事”讲, 相当于 managed to do something, 或succeeded in doing something , 而can的过去式 could 没有这个含义。
With the help of the fireman, they __________leave the burning house.
(2). could不仅可用于过去,也可用于现在,只是口气比较委婉、客气。常用于疑问句。
1).---Could I use your pen ---Yes, of course, you can.
2). 明天你还能再来一次吗
2). 表示 “可以”的may与might
(1). 表示请求允许时might比may口气婉转。
---Might I have a look at your new computer ---Yes, please.
(2). may可用于祈使句, 表示祝愿。
May you succeed! (祝你成功!)
3). 表示 “必须”的must 与have to
(1). 表示 “义务”, 作“必须” “应该”讲,二者同义。只是must强调主观看法, 而 have to 强调客观需要。
(2). 它们的否定式mustn’t(不可、不准)与 (don’t have to不必)含义大不相同。
You mustn’t go.
You don’t have to go.
4). 表示 “过去常常”的 would与 used to
(1). would表示过去某动作的重复。
During the vacation he would visit me every week.
(2). used to表示 “过去常常, 而现在不再……”
My father used to smoke, but now he doesn’t.
3. 表示规劝、建议的几个情态动词
1). 正面的规劝, 表示 “需要做某事”可用should,ought to或must(口气逐渐加强)。
(1). I think you should go.
(2). You ought to start at once.
(3). We must do everything step by step.(我们一切都必须按部就班地做)
2). 反面的规劝,表示 “不需要做某事”可用needn’t、shouldn’t或mustn’t(口气也是逐渐加强)。
(1). You needn’t return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
(2). You shouldn’t throw cold water on them.
(3). You mustn’t smoke in class.
(4). You mustn’t talk like this.
4. 可表示推测的几个情态动词
1). 肯定的推测一般用might、may、should与must。它们的意思分别是 “可能” “应该” “必定”, (口气逐渐加强)。
(1). You may walk ten miles without seeing a house.(口气不十分肯定, 用may)
(2). They should be home by now,I think.(口气比较肯定, 用should)
(3). There must be a mistake.(口气十分肯定, 用must) 准是弄错了。
(4). The boys may be playing on the playground.
在具体句子中, 该选用哪一个情态动词,要看上下语境,根据说话人的口气来确定。
2). 否定的推测可用may not, can’t和couldn’t
(1). 口气较弱, 即对否定不大有把握时, 用may not(可能不,也许不)。
He may come or may not.
She may not be there.
(2). 口气比较强, 即对否定比较有把握时,用can’t(不可能)。
It can’t be Mr. Li. He has gone home.
(3). 用couldn’t 的口气, 是介于can’t与may not之间。
The young girl couldn’t be your teacher.(这个年轻姑娘不大可能是你们的老师吧)
3). 疑问的推测, 一般用can (可能, 会)。
(1).Who can it be
(2).Can the news be true
(3).Where can they be now
上面三句的can也可换成could, 只是用could表示推测的可能性比用can要小些。
注: 以上讲解中均以 “情态动词+do”结构来表示对现在情况的推测, 如果对现在正在发生的事情进行推测, 则用 “情态动词+ be + doing”结构。
4). 对过去已发生的事进行推测, 可用情态动词 + have done形式。
(1). They may have settled the problem.(肯定句, 用may have done)
(2). I might have come to a wrong conclusion.(肯定句, 但把握不大,用might have done)
(3). The road isn’t wet. It can’t have rained last night.(否定句, 用can’t have done)
(4). Could Mary have missed the first bus She got up very early.
(疑问句, 但是把握不大, 用 could have done)
(5). ---He has not turned up, has he
---Yes, I think he must have missed the bus.
注意: must have done 表示非常肯定的推测, 只用于肯定句中,不能用于否定句和疑问句中。
The room is in a terrible mess; it______ cleaned.
A. can’t have been B. shouldn’t have been
C. mustn’t have been D. wouldn’t have been
5). 情态动词 + have done还可以表示对过去发生的事情的一种责备语气。
(1). I could have done the work better.
(2). You should/ought to have thought of that.
(3). They shouldn’t/ oughtn’t have left so soon.
(4). You needn’t have told them that.
3. Reinforcement
1. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who_______have taken it
A. should B. must C. could D. would
2. It has been announced that candidates_______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
3. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
4. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman_______ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
5. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony
A. can B. should C. may D. must
6. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ______ your lecture.
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended
7. Sorry, I’m late. I______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should C. can D. will
8. ---When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon.
---They______ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
9. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out.
A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could
10. When he was there, he _______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
11. It’s nearly seven o’clock.. Jack _____ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
12. Tom ought not to ______ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
13. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I ______ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
14. ---Shall I tell John about it
---No, you_____. I have told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
15. ---There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
---It _____ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
16. ---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. --- Oh, did you You ____ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
17. ---Will you stay for lunch
---Sorry, ______ . My brother is coming to see me .
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t
18. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must _____ always_____ so much.
A. not; be smoking B. not; have smoked C. not; to smoke D. be not; smoking
19. I’m surprised that he ______ in the exam.
A. should fail B. would have failed
C. may have failed D. should have failed
20. There was plenty of time. She ________.
A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry D. needn’t have hurried
21. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give
C. may have given D. may give
22. A computer _______ think for itself; it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
23. Mary is so wet. She ______ in the rain.
A. must be caught B. must have been caught
C. should have been caught D. can have been caught
24. He asked me for this book many times. Please tell him that he _____have it tomorrow.
A. must B. may C. shall D. Both B and C
25. Put on more clothes. You ____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on..
A. can B. could C. would D. must
26. ---Could I borrow your dictionary
---Yes, of course you______.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
27. ---Would you rather do such a thing
---Yes, I ______.
A. will B. would C. can D.should
28. ---Are you coming to Jeff’s party
---I’m not sure. I ______ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
29. I ______ up early this morning, so I stayed in bed until 9 o’clock.
A. needn’t have got B. didn’t need to get
C. shouldn’t have got D. can’t have got
30. You must have seen him last night, _______
A. haven’t you B. didn’t you
C. don’t you D. mustn’t you
1----30 CDCCA AABCA CACAD ABADD AABDD CBDBBAdvance with English (Module Four, Senior Grade One)
Unit 2 Sporting events
Part Two Word power & Task
Ⅰ. Words
centimeter 厘米 version 变体，变种；版本
net 网 physical 身体的；肉体的
stretch 延伸；伸展 technique 技术，技法，技巧
court 球场 opponent 对手，竞争者
origin 起源，由来 leading 主导的
outdoors 往户外；在户外activity 活动air-dropped 空投的archery 射箭；箭术butterfly 蝶泳parallel bars 双杠asymmetric 高低杠 role 作用，地位；（演员的）角色joke 开玩笑tax-free 免税的springboard 跳板跳水sprint 短跑javelin 标枪freestyle 自由泳
Ⅱ. Phrases
put sth. together 组织，汇集；组装well –trained runner 受过良好训练的运动员take one’s time 慢慢来promise to do sth. 答应去做某事match A with B 把A 与 B 相匹配race walk 竞走water polo 水球pay close attention to 密切注意make mistakes 犯错误even if 即使look out for 当心，注意，对……小心be likely to do 可能做某事a variety of tasks 各种各样的任务for a while 过一段时间throughout the world 全世界on a court 在球场play table tennis 打乒乓球go outdoors 去户外be popular with sb. 受某人的欢迎be of use 有用的compare …with… 把……和……作比较plenty of 许多的，大量的beat sb. 打败某人take notes of 做笔记 110- metre hurdles 110米跨栏make a travel plan 制定旅游计划compete in 参加……比赛come up with 提出，想出（计划/ 答案）floor exercises 自由体操water sports 水上运动in order to 为了，以便change one’s mind 改变注意be related to 与……有关a live World Cup match 现场直播的世界杯比赛 apply to 应用be busy doing sth. 忙于干某事be similar to 与……相似in the 1890s 在19世纪90年代require sb. to do 要求某人做某事be considered (as/ to be ) 被认为是……play leading roles in 在……中起领先作用daily routine 日常事务make changes 改变soft drinks 软饮料Internet café 网吧a trip to Europe 去欧洲的旅行high jump 跳高
Ⅲ. Language points
1. book vt.&vi. 预定（座位、房间、票等）
1). I’d like to book three seats for tonight’s concert.
2). The hotel is fully booked up.
3). Book early if you want to be sure of a seat.
2. by prep. （倍数）乘，乘以
e.g. This is a room 15 meters by 23 meters.
Please guess the meanings of the word ‘by’ in the following sentences:
1). We are planning to camp by the lake this summer. （ ）
2). By the time we get to their house, they will have finished supper. （ ）
3). You can make the cake by mixing eggs and flour. （ ）
4). I like books (written) by that author. （ ）
5). She is taller than I by three centimeters. （ ）
6). It’s two o’clock by my watch. （ ）
7). I study best by night （ ）
8). I got on the wrong bus by mistake. （ ）
3. do vi. 行，可以，足够
1). Ten bottles of wine should do for the party.
2). If you haven’t a pen, a pencil will do.
3). “ Where shall we meet ” “ Any place will do.”
Ⅳ. Sentence patterns
1. Many players believe table tennis is not only a physical game but a psychological game as well.
not only…but…as well= not only…but also “不但……而且……”
★ Not only…but also引导单句时，Not only后的单句须部分倒装，but also后的单句则不必倒装。
1). Not only __did_____he __teach_______ (teach) in a school, but he wrote novels.
2). Not only you but also she __has____ ____been___ (be) to the capital of China so far.
2. If I were you, I would certainly choose that.
本句用的是虚拟语气，表示与现在的事实相反的一种假设。具体时态搭配为：
时间 从句 主句
对将来 did(were) / were to + do / should + do would / could / might / should + do
对现在 did(were) 同上
对过去 had done would / could / might / should + have done
1). If I __were______ (be) a bird, I would fly in the sky.
2). I am sorry I was busy yesterday. If I ___had had_____ (have) time, I _would have come (come) to see you.
3). If she __married______ (marry) Jack, she ____would be_____ (be) happy, but she won’t.
Ⅲ. Reinforcement
1. He is good at _________ model planes.
A. putting on B. putting together C. putting up D. putting up with
2. Liu Xiang excited people all over Asia when he became the first Asian _______ the gold medal in the man’s 110-metre hurdles.
A. winning B. to win C. won D. having won
3. ---- Can I look at the menu for a few more minutes before I decide
---- Of course. __________ sir.
A. Make yourself at home B. Enjoy yourself
C. It doesn’t matter D. Take your time
4. ---- My mathematics is very poor.
---- Don’t worry. I’ll help you _______ I can.
A. as far as B. as soon as C. as quickly as D. as possible as
5. ---- Does he know how to work out the problem
---- Yes, he has ________ a good idea to solve it.
A. caught up with B. kept up with
C. come up with D. put up with
6. Do _______ spelling mistakes when you check your work.
A. look out for B. be careful for C. take care D. look out of
7. He is ________ honour to his parents.
A. the B. an C. a D. /
8. ---- Who do you think will win the match
---- Tom is ________ to, I think.
A. possible B. probable C. perhaps D. likely
9. The two brothers walked onto the bridge, with their hands ______.
A. being stretched B. stretching C. stretched D. were stretched
10. ---- Why didn’t you tell me about it
---- I ______ you yesterday.
A. did told B. did tell C. tell D. telling
11. ---- Will $ 200 _______
---- I’m afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars.
A. count B. satisfy C. fit D. do
12. _______ damage was done in a very short time.
A. A plenty of B. A large amount of
C. A large deal of D. A good number of
13. I should have called you if I ________ your telephone number.
A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know
14. The two boxes are __________.
A. the same size B. of the same size C. the same big D. of the same big
15. I suggested _______ that another building _________.
A. him; should be built B. to him; be built
C. to him; will be built D. him; will be built
16. I advised that he _______ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he ______ quite well then.
A. be sent; was feeling B. was sent; felt
C. be sent; feel D. should be sent; should feel
17. In the last World Cup Competition, the German Women Team _______ all the other women teams and _______ the world championship.
A. won; won B. won; got C. beat; won D. beat; received
18. English is now playing a more important _______ in the development of our country.
A. one B. part C. role D. both B and C
19. Not only _______ less nursing care, but ______ able to help other patients.
A. she required; she was B. required she; was she
C. did she require; she was D. did she require; was she
20. It is not rare in______ that people in_____ fifties are going to university for further education.
A. 90s; the B. the 90s; / C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their
21. ---- Did you lose the match
---- Yes, we lost the match _______ one goal.
A. by B. at C. with D. only
22. As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid _________.
A. by the hour B. by hour C. by an hour D. by hours
23.These two countries are similar _______ they both have a high snowfall in winter,
A. to that B. besides that C. in that D. except that
24. ________ China’s reform and opening up in late 1978, its quick development has aroused worldwide attention.
A. When B. As C. While D. Since
25. Can you tell me _____________
A. where is the entrance to the hall B. where the entrance to the hall is
C. where is the entrance for the hall D. where the entrance for the hall is
1----25 BBDAC ABDCB DBABB ACDCD AACDB
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