Unit 2 B 9 Sailing the oceans[上学期]

课件60张PPT。The Predicate谓 语 谓语用来说明主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词词组担任。及物动词
不及物动词
连系动词
情态动词动词可分为: 需要跟有宾语的动词叫及物动词，及物动词后可跟一个宾语、直接宾语和间接宾语或一个宾语带宾语补足语。例如：及物动词 直接宾语
Children seek independence.
The trial raised a number of questions.
He has always liked Mr. Philips.
He made the shortest speech I have
ever heard.
A couple were having a drink at a table by the window.
He took photographs of Vita in her summer house.直接宾语和间接宾语
They gave us a wonderfully warm welcome.
Mr. Schell wrote a letter the other day to the New York Times.
(… wrote the New York Times a letter.)
I took out the black box and handed it to her. (…handed her the box.)
I had lent my apartment to a friend for the weekend.
He left the note for her on the table.一个宾语带宾语补足语
Willis’s jokes made her uneasy.
Last year they made him captain of the Team.
The people named the place “Turbo Kutu”.
I thought it right to go there without delay.
Have you found it difficult to speak?不需要跟宾语的动词叫不及物动词
Her whole body ached.
Donald was lying on the bed.
Bob coughed all night.
All the leaves have fallen and winter is coming.
I will travel south this summer and won’t come back to my office until the end of August.有几个不及物动词后可以跟有与之同形的名词，这叫同源宾语。
They are living a peaceful life.
=They are living peacefully.
He died a heroic death .
=He died heroically. The girl laughed a merry laugh.
=The girl laughed merrily.
He sighed a deep sigh.
=He sighed deeply.许多动词往往既是不及物动词又是及物动词。
Gus asked me whether I’d like to have dinner with him. I accepted. (vi.)
I accepted the invitation. (vt.)
He painted every day. (vi.)
He painted vivid portraits of friends and acquaintances. (vt.)He ran as fast as he could. (vi.)
She ran a hotel in the centre of the city. (vt.)
Father never smoked or drank all his life. (vi.)
He drank a good deal of coffee. (vt.)At last she thanked them and left. (vi.)
All I know is that Michael and I never left the house. (vt.)连系动词虽具有词汇意义，但需要带有表语才能构成动词谓语。例如：
The station seems a very small one.
They have remained loyal to the government.
Their hall was larger than his whole flat.The task of inspecting it proved to be exciting and interesting.
It sounds unnatural to us.
My memories of a London childhood are happy ones.
His body was the color of bronze.动词词组或称短语动词，可以扩展或改变动词的意义，它们的构成是：·动词+副词
Mary went away for a few days.
·动词+介词
The other day I came across a letter from Brunei written in the last year of his life.
·动词+副词+介词
You may have come up against unexpected difficulties. 情态动词与动词连用构成的谓语
I must leave very soon.
The rich ought to pay tuition fees for their children.
You may have heard of him.
You should not have done so.Choose the best answers.1. ---You haven't said a word about
my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?
---I'm sorry I _____anything about it
sooner. 1 certainly think it's pretty
on you.
A .wasn't saying B. don't say
C. won't say D. didn't say2.--- Is John coming by train?
--- He should, but he _____ not.
He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can
C. need D. may3. I wonder why Jenny ____us recently.
We should have heard from her by
now.
A. hasn't written B. doesn't write
C .won’ t write D. hadn't written4.The evening news comes on at seven o'clock and _____only thirty minutes.
A. keeps B. completes
C. finishes D. lasts5. ---Has Sam finished his homework
today?
---I have no idea. He_____ it this
morning.
A. did B. has done
C. was doing D. had done6. The forest guards often find
campfires have not been
_____ completely.
A. turned down B. put out
C. put away D. had done7. The first use of atomic weapons
was in 1945 and their power___
increased enormously ever since.
A. is B. was
C. has D. had been8. I don't _____ rock’ n’ roll.
It's much too noisy for my taste.
A. go after B. go away with
C. go into D. go in for9. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8
boys of her class, _____visiting a
museum when the earthquake
struck.
A .was B. were
C. had been D. would be 10.--- Who is the girl standing over
there?
---Well, if you _____ know, her
name is Mary.
A. may B. can
C. must D. shall11. On hearing the news of the
accident in the coal mine, she ___
pale.
A. got B. changes
C. went D. appears 12. Mary kept weighing herself to
see how much_____ she was
getting.
A. heavier B. heavy
C. the heavier D. the heaviest13. Happy birthday, Alice! So you have_____ twenty-one already.
A . gone B. turned
C. grown D. passed 14. The flowers ______ sweet in the
botanic garden, which attracted
the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelled
C. smelling D. are smelled15. Having a trip abroad is certainly
nice for old couples, but it
remains _____ whether they
will enjoy it.
A. to be seen B. to see
C. seeing D. seenAgreement主谓一致并列结构作主语谓语用复数
主谓一致中的就近原则
谓语动词与前面的主语一致
谓语需用单数
指代意义决定谓语的单复数
与后接名词或代词保持一致一、并列结构作主语谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important.
注意:当主语由and连结时, 如果它表示一个单一的概念, 即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数, and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. EXERCISE
1. The League secretary and monitor___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is　　B. was　 C. are　 D. were
2. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.
A. is not decided　 B. are not decided
C. has not decided D. have not decided　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　BA二、主谓一致中的就近原则 1. 当There be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2. 当either… or… 与neither… nor, 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.EXERCISE1. There _____ no life on the moon.
A. is said to have B. are said to have
C. is said to be D. are said to be
2. Either you or the headmaster ____ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.
A. is handing out B. are to hand out
C. are handing out D. is to hand out DC三、谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.He as well as I wants to go boating. EXERCISE1. A library with five thousand books _____to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered
C. are offered D. have offered
2. E-mail, as well as telephones, ____ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played
C. are played D. playAA3. Nobody but Jane _______ the secret.
A. know B. knows
C. have known D. is known
4. All but one ______ here just now.
A. is B. was
C. has been D. wereBD四、谓语需用单数 1.代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。Each of us has a tape-recorder.
There is something wrong with my watch.2.当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.3. 表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。)Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.Ten yuan is enough.1.?Everyone Tom and Mary will get married next month. (know)
2.?Nothing been done to stop the lake from being polluted. (have)
3.?Arabian Nights a book popular with the young children. ( be )hasknowsis4. Two hours _____ enough for us to finish the work. ( be )
5. One hundred dollars a month _____ not a high pay. ( be )
isis五、指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1. 代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。All is right.
一切顺利
All are present.
所有人都到齐了2. 集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。
His family are music lovers.
His family isn’t very large.
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。Are there any police around?3.有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。A number of +名词复数+复数动词The number of +名词复数+单数动词
A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.EXERCISE1.The number of students in this school ______ by 5% every year.
A. rise B. raise C. rises D. raises
2. All means that _____ possible _____ been used to save him.
A. is; have B. were; have
C. was; has D. are; hasCB六、与后接名词或代词保持一致1.用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。
Most of his money is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.在一些短语中，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。Many a person has read the novel.　More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.
EXERCISE1. More than one person _______ killed in the accident. ( be )
More questions than one _______ been asked. ( have)
Part of the meat _______ spoilt. ( be )
Most of the books _________ missing. ( be )washavewaswere5. The number of errors ______
surprising.6. Jane and Mary ______ alike.7. The crowd ______ running for
their lives.8. The iron works _____ hidden
behind the trees. was look were was9. Either your students or Mr. Wang
______ this.10. His family ____ going to have a
long journey.11. The whole family_____ watching
TV.12. The population of China ____ very
large, and eighty percent of the
population in China _____ farmers. knows is are is are13. The police _____ searching for him.14. A sheep ____ over there.15. Some sheep _____ over there.
16. The doctor’s _____ on the side of the
street.
17. My uncle’s _____ not far from here.18. Richardson’s _____ a lot of imported
goods to sell.are is are isisare课件25张PPT。Learning about LanguageDiscovering useful words and expressions1. Replace the words underlined by ones of similar meaning from the reading passage.1) Seeing the dark clouds above him, George hurried for home.
2) Sailing a boat alone far way from the shore made Flora’s parents worry about her safety.overhead offshore 3) Clare, would you please put your bicycle next to the others in the shed?
4) “Why don’t you plot a more simple route with the smallest number of stops?” asked Mary.
5) Setting out on a long journey by sea with unskilled sailors would be dangerous especially if there were no modern navigational instruments. alongside simplified minimum voyage seamen 2. find the words from the reading passage that are the opposite of these compound words. __________anywhere __________upload
__________inward _______unreliable
__________ land flower
______________ strong pointnowhere download outward reliable seaweed shortcoming 3. Write down the words you know, which are related to navigation and sea.4. Complete the following paragraph with the words below. precise outward nowhere awkward reference seaweed accelerate mercy randomly voyage alongside approximateSamuel the sailor was extremely good at plotting his course using the stars as a_________. One day he was determined to set out on a _______across an unknown sea to an unknown continent. He set out with his instruments so he would not be at the ________of the sea. He found on his________ journey a rocky island. It seemed to be covered in nests. reference voyage mercy outward Suddenly, as Samuel looked, an enormous bird swooped down and picked him up as if he were a/ an_____________ parcel. It __________ its speed and rose straight up into the air so as to reach the_________ place on the rocks where its nest lay. Once there, it shook itself and threw Samuel in the____________ direction of the nest. awkward accelerated precise approximate There seemed to be __________to hide but then he noticed lots of___________ on his left and quickly hid under it.
The bird landed nearby and pecked ______________ at the rocks. Samuel rolled over swiftly and found himself at the edge of the cliff. He looked down slowly with a beating heart. Below him was his boat lying ______________ the shore! nowhere seaweed randomly alongside “How lucky I am!” Samuel thought to himself. He then gave a mighty leap and landed in it. Once inside he could safely sail away.Revising useful structures1. Underline the predicates in the sentences.1.James Cook was a great English navigator and Pacific Ocean expedition leader.
2. He had not only an outstanding ability in navigation and exploration, but also a real concern for sailors’ health. He carried out compulsory dietary reforms that were copied by many other ship captains.3.He had led three great Pacific voyages during his life.
4. In his first Pacific voyage in 1769, James Cook rounded Cape Horn, then spent six months charting New Zealand, and finally explored and claimed possession of eastern Australia.5. In 1772, Captain Cook set sail to look for a “theorized great southern continent”. Although they could not manage to reach Antarctica owing to the ice, he predicted that if it did exist, it would have to be a wasteland. 6. In 1776, Captain cook started his third Pacific voyage, searching for the Northwest Passage from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean. Unfortunately, he was killed in a dispute with Hawaiian nativesand his men’s attempt at the Northwest Passage was unsuccessful. However, this voyage is still recognized as especially significant in the history of the discovery of the west coast of North America.Suggested answers to
Exercise 2 on P172. Complete the following dialogue, using verbs in their proper forms. Remember to read the conversation before and after each blank before you fill it in.Susan: Do you think you'll be going to that
pop concert next week?
Clare: No. Let's forget about that as it'll
soon be time for our exams.
Susan: ____________________________
Clare: I don't really think I need to do more
revision. I've done enough but it'll
help me forget the concert you'll be
enjoying.Do you need to do more revision?Susan: ______________________________
_______________________________
Clare: Actually there is a reason. I don't
think I’m going to have enough
money even though I’ve been saving
especially for this occasion.
Susan: ____________________________
______________________________
______________________________
___________don’t want to come to the concert?Is there another reason why you Perhaps I can help you. I always earn extra money by cleaning cars.My father always pays me when Iclean his.Clare: Well, thank you for offering to
help me. I’ll happily clean your
father’s car if he’ll pay me too.
Susan: __________________________
__________________________
Clare: I hope you’ll thank him for me. I'd
never be allowed to clean my
father’s car. He is so proud of it
he won't let anyone touch it.I’m sure he will. He’s alwaysbeen kind to my friends.Susan: ______________________________
_____________________________
Clare: His fourth car? My goodness. He
must have been earning a lot of
money to have owned so many.
Susan: _____________________________
_____________________________
__________Oh this is my father’s fourth car sothe excitement has worn off a little.I suppose so. He has his ownbusiness so he needs a car for hiswork.Clare: Oh I see! That explains things. Please
would you phone him now and ask
him when it would be convenient for
me to clean it?
Susan: _______________________________
Clare: That’s so kind of you. Now while I’m
doing the cleaning perhaps you can
order our tickets for the concert. I’ll
go and get ready to begin work. See
you soon. Thanks and goodbye.Of course I’ll do that right away.课件18张PPT。Listening1. Read these words and then listen to the tape. Circle those aids that early sailors used to find their way.compass maps fish movements
stars weather waves
currents clouds rainfall
birds other ships mountains2. Listen to the tape again and fill in the chart.Norway Pacific Studied the waves of the ocean Watched birds to find land 3. These are some Viking sailing directions from Norway to Greenland.Sail west but keep to the north of the Shetland Islands so you can hardly see them in good weather.
Stay far enough south of the Faroes so that their steep mountains are just halfway up the horizon.Keep south of Iceland so that you cannot see land but just coastal birds.
Follow this route and you should reach Greenland.Use the information from the listening to explain these sailing strategies.Vikings used to prefer to sail following the coastline so they could check that they were on the correct route.
Vikings used birds, and natural features like mountains, to direct their ships. LISTENING TEXTNAVIGATIONAL SECRETS
Wang Ming (WM) has come to the Maritime Museum in Greenwich to talk to the naval historian Dr Smith
(DS).WM: Thank you so much for talking
to me. Please can you tell me
how sailors managed before
navigational instruments or
satellites were invented?
DS: Of course. At first if there was no
land nearby the seamen used the
sky to find their way. They looked
at the clouds in the daytime and the stars at night. But very soon they began to develop local maps. About 5,000 years ago sailors from Phoenicia in North Africa used simple maps to guide their ships around the Mediterranean Sea. They were the best traders of their day.WM: Really? How cleaver! Did
everybody use simple maps?
DS: No. I'm afraid not. It was
difficult to have a map for sailing
across open sea then. We know
the Vikings from Norway had no
written maps when they sailed
across the North Sea.WM: The Vikings? Didn't they sail
around and attack people and
towns from their ships?
DS: Sometimes. But we're not
interested in that, only in their
superior sailing ability.
WM: I see! So what did they do?
DS: Well, one of the things they did
was concentrate on watchingbirds. There's the story of a Viking called Raven-Floki. He used to keep birds on his ships but he didn't feed them. Then when he thought land was near he'd let the birds go and if they flew straight to land, all he had to do was to follow them!WM: Did he find any new lands to
live on?
DS: Well, he did find a good way of
sailing from the Faroe Islands to
Iceland using his ravens. It’s said
that he took three birds on his
ship with him. When he’d been
sailing for a day or two towards
Iceland he let the first bird go. It flew back to the Faroe Islands. A day after this he let the second bird go. This flew out of sight but came back to rest on the ship. Sometime after that, he let the third bird go. It headed straight for Iceland so Raven-Floki followed it and arrived there safely. WM: That sounds clever! I’ve heard
too about the Polynesians in the
Pacific Ocean. They did some
amazing voyages without any
navigational instruments to help
them at all. How did they do that?
DS: Nobody’s really quite sure. But it seems that they
studied the currents in the
water, the colour of the sea
and the different kinds of
waves.
WM: Do Polynesian sailors still do
that?
DS: Not nowadays I’m afraid.
WM: Have we lost this skill?DS: Yes, I'm afraid we have. Ancient
Polynesians made maps of
leaves and shells which others
were able to follow. If only we
could read them we would be
able to understand more of their
navigational skills. The sailors
from Phoenicia, Norway and
Polynesia could certainly teach
us a lot. ( fade out)课件135张PPT。ReadingcompassA compass consists of a small magnet balanced on a point so that it can move round in a circle. The magnet is generally called a needle because it is shaped like a needle. One end of the needle is often marked “N” for north, or coloured in some way to indicate that it points toward north.astrolabeThe astrolabe measures the height and position of the sun. If you can measure this accurately, a sailor can tell how many degrees the boat is from the North Pole. From this he can tell where the boat is in the ocean.sextantThe sextant is a navigational instrument for measuring the angle between the horizon and some object in the sky. First a sailor looks at the horizon through an eyepiece. At the same time he can see light from the sun or a star reflected off a small mirror on top of the instrument, onto a second mirror and into the eyepiece. The navigator can then see two images, the horizon and the sun side by side. He can then measure the angle between them on a scale at the bottom of the instrument. The scale goes from 0 to 120 degrees. An earlier instrument, called a quadrant, measured in angle in the same way but it could only measure angles from 0 to 90 degrees.quadrantnautical chartZheng He’s VoyageZheng He’s VoyageNautical charts are maps of the depth of the sea and the currents of the oceans. They provide modern sailors with routes through the seas, rather like roads through the countryside. The information began to be collected in the nineteenth century and has continued to be updated ever since. These charts were not available to Captain Bligh or Zheng He.Discuss1. How do you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented?Kept close to the shore, used nature such as the sun, wind, birds, tide, etc, to help them, and used some of the instruments including a compass, astrolabe, etc.2. Which do you think was easier to work out: latitude or longitude?Latitude, because it was used to measure how far you had traveled from land on a straight line. It was discovered a long time before longitude.3. Can you identify these early navigational instruments seamen used and explain how they are used?1) compass ( in ancient China)
2) astrolabe
3) sextant
4) sea / nautical / marine chart4. Which ones do you think are still used
today?Sea charts are still used today.ReadingComprehending1. Read the passage and answer the following questions.
What is the use of a bearing circle,
astrolabe, quadrant or sextant? ( )
What is the use of a compass? ( )
A. To set the course of the ship
B. To measure the position of the ship
C. To measure the speed of the ship
D. To tell the timeAB2) Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship? Speed and time are important in finding out the longitude of a ship because the earth moves fifteen degrees westwards every hour. If you know your direction, speed and time, you can work out the approximate longitude or change in your position in relation to the stars.3) Why is the position of the sun and various stars useful for working out latitude?
The position of the sun and stars are useful for working out latitude because they are fixed points in the sky and their movements in relation to the earth are already known. So they can be used to measure a ship's position.2. Suppose you were a sea captain aiming to sail round Africa. Discuss in groups:
1) What skills would you seek in your sailors?
2) What problems would you anticipate for this journey?3. What would you do if you came across the following problems during your voyage? Read the chart below and fill in your plans of action to deal with them.Wait till the storm is over, and then find your new position and return to your original course. Use knots to find your speed and work out your approximate longitude.Use the compass and the astrolabe , quadrant or sextant to find out your position , return to your former course. Follow nesting birds to shore ;
look for special cloud formations or fog over streams to find land. Use a compass.Measure your position using the sun or stars; look for sea birds, cloud formations, fog or sea-weed to show that land is nearby.4. Read the passage again and use the information to analyse the navigational skills.1. To find the ship’s position at sea a sailor used the North Star and the sun.
2. A sailor knew that land was nearby if he saw _________________________________
_______________________.
3. Sailors used ________________________
________to increase their speed. fresh seaweed, nesting birds returning home in the evening or fog sea currents or tides and winds4. There were two methods to find longitude:
1)_______________________
2)__________________________________
measuring time and speedcompass and complicated mathematical tables5 Write down the working principles of the following instruments:
Bearing circle:

Astrolabe:
to compare the height of the sun now with the position of the sun at midday. to compare the position of the ship in relation to some stars or the sun Quadrant: a more precise form of the astrolabe, to measure how high stars are above the horizon, and compare that measurement with previous measurements (using the ship as one of the fixed points to find its position) Sextant:
an updated version of the quadrant and so it was more accurate, to measure the angle between two fixed points outside the ship (using two mirrors to find the ship's position). 5. Imagine you are on a boat with twenty-nine other people. You have a small box for your personal things but it can only hole ten items. What would you need for a week’s journey across the North Sea to England?soapblanketcards, chessshirt, trousersknife, scissorssea-sick tablets, cold medicinenovels, essay collectionswaterproof boots Discuss your list with your partner and combine the two sets of choices to make a third and better list. Be prepared to justify your choices to the class.1. How do you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented?
在现代精确的导航法尚未发明之前, 你认为航海员是怎样探路的?①这是一个“特殊疑问词+do you think…” 的双重疑问句结构。除think以外believe，guess, suppose等词也可以用于此结构。
What do you suppose has happened to him?
在I think／believe／guess／suppose/ imagine等词的句式中，如果从句有否定，否定词应该前移，即否定转移。
I don’t think he will come．
I think he will not come．[正][误]② invent vt．发明，创作；虚构，杜撰
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
1876年阿历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔发明了电话。
The whole story was invented.
整个故事是虚构的。
inventor n．发明者，发明家，创造者
invention n．发明，创造；发明物discover：
invent：
Gilbert ___________electricity, but Edison _________the electric light bulb.
Who _____________America?
Who _____________the computer?
客观存在，被人发现客观没有，被人发明discoveredinventeddiscoveredinvented吉尔伯特发现了电，爱迪生发明了电灯。谁发现了美洲？谁发明了电脑？2. work out
① to calculate an answer, amount, price, or value 计算
② to think about sth. and manage to understand it 设法弄懂
③ to think carefully about how you are going to do sth. and plan a good way of doing it 精心制定出，安排eg.
⑴ See if you can work out this bill
out.
⑵ The plot is so complicated that it’ll
take you a while to work it out.计算弄明白⑶ I can’t work out Geoff ; one day he’s friendly ,the next day he ignores me completely.
⑷ I haven’t worked out who’s gong to look after the kids tonight.明白计划3. latitude
The angular distance north or south of the earth's equator, measured in degrees along a meridian, as on a map or globe.
纬度：地球赤道北或南的角距离，例如在地图或地球仪上沿着子午线用度数测量
e.g.
Our position is latitude 40 degrees north.
我们的位置是北纬40度。4. longitude
The angular distance on the earth's surface, measured east or west from the prime meridian at Greenwich, England, to the meridian passing through a position, expressed in degrees (or hours), minutes, and seconds.经线：地球表面的成角距离，从英国格林威治的本初子午线向东或向西至经过某一点的子午线计量，以度（或小时）、分和秒表示。
e.g.
Our position is longitude 116 degrees east.
我们的位置是东经116度。5. identify
vt.把…等同于;认出,鉴定, 认为同一
I identified the jacket at once；it was my brother’s．
He identifies beauty with goodness．
identify oneself with 与……有联系,支持
He preferred not to identify himself with that group.identification
n. 辨认, 鉴定, 证明, 视为同一
identity n.　　
同一性, 身份, 一致, 特性, 恒等式
identity card 身份证1. We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship’s position on a map. 在经纬度未能绘出航船在地图上的位置之前，我们很想知道航海员是怎样在海上探险的。 Page 1 ① may/might well 很可能，极有可能
These are excellent photographs and we may well use them in our magazine.
这些是很不错的照片，我们很有可能把它们用在我们的杂志上。
You might well find that you’ll need more by the weekend.
到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东西。② 主语+think／feel／make／consider…+it +n.／adj.+ for／of sb. to do…
其中it为形式宾语，for／of引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。
I think it important for him to learn English well．
我认为学好英语对他很重要。
I have made it clear that I object to the plan.
我已经表明我反对这个计划。2. The voyages of travelers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids.
17世纪前的海上航行表明，即使没有现代航海术的帮助，旅行者也没有受大海的支配。①　voyage n./ vi. 航海, 航行
The voyage from England to India used to take six months.
过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。
go on/make/take a sea voyage
去航海旅行
voyager n.
航行者, 航海者trip 指休闲或因商的短途旅行
journey 指从一地出发直达目的地的长途陆路旅行或旅程，不含回到原出发点之意。
travel 常指到国外或某个遥远的地方去，不强调具体目的地。指具体的旅行时常用复数，用单数一般表示旅行的抽象概念。trip, journey, travel, voyage, tourvoyage 强调较远距离的水上或空中旅行或游历。
tour 指周游或巡回旅行，常常是访问一系列地方后再回到原出发点。e.g.
We will have a comfortable voyage to the Far East through air.
我们乘飞机去远东旅游将会非常舒适。The journey to the seaside will take not more than two days.
到海边去旅行最多需要花费两天时间。
I at once began making preparations for a trip home.
我马上开始为回家做准备。Our American friends are making a tour of Shanghai.
我们的美国朋友正在对上海进行巡回旅行。
He came back home after years of foreign travel.
在多年的国外旅行后他回到了家。 They have got everything ready to make a _____ across the Atlantic.
A. trip B. travel
C. voyage D. tour② at the mercy of
without any protection against; helpless before 任由…摆布；在…面前无助
They were lost at sea, at the mercy of wind and weather.
他们在海上迷失了方向,任凭风和天气的摆布。
I don’t like to be at the mercy of such a man.
我不愿受这样一个人的摆布。have mercy on/ show mercy to
对……表示怜悯
The terrorists showed no mercy to the hostages.
恐怖分子对人质残酷无情。
without mercy 毫不留情地
The mother left the dying baby in the hospital without mercy.
那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院。It’s a mercy (that) (口)幸运的是,幸亏
(用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸运)
It’s a mercy the accident happened so near the hospital.
幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。
It’s a mercy she wasn’t seriously hurt.
幸运的是她伤势不重。③ even though = even if
虽然,即使 引导让步状语从句
A.引导把握不大或假设的事情
Even if we achieve great success in our work, we should not be proud.
即使我们在工作上取得了巨大的胜利，也不能骄傲。 He will have problems in finding a
job even if he can pass the exam.
即便他能通过考试，以后找工作也成
问题。
They wouldn’t lose heart even if
they failed ten times.
即使他们失败十次也不灰心丧气。B.引出事实
Even though he was late, he was not criticized by the teacher.
他虽然迟到了，也没有挨老师的批评。
I can still remember, even though it was so long ago.
虽然这是很久以前的事，我还记得。* There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, she was an only child．
A. ever since B. now that
C. even though D. even as* Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _____ they are different from your own. (05湖南)
A. until B. even if
C. unless D. as though3. alongside
prep. = by the side of; side by side with在……旁边；与……并排
adv. = along, near, at, or to the side
在……旁边，近旁，沿着边
He parked his car alongside the fence.
他把车沿着围墙停放。
A car drew up alongside.
一辆汽车开上来并排而行。4. minimum (min)
adj. 最小的, 最低的
n. 最小值, 最小化。
其反义词为maximum (max)
adj. 最高的, 最多的, 最大极限的
n. 最大量, 最大限度, 极大 The minimum requirements for the job
are a degree and two years’ experience.
该工作的最低要求是要有学位和两年
的工作经验。
You must get a minimum of 40
questions right to pass the examination.
你最少必须答对40道题才能通过考试。 keep/reduce sth. to a minimum
将某物保持在/降低到最低限度
The school manages to keep bullying to a minimum.
学校设法最低限度得减少恃强凌弱的行为。
The maximum number of students in each class is 58.
每个班学生人数的最高限额是58名。 We must make maximum use of the resources available.
我们必须最大限度地利用可得到的资源。
Temperature will reach a maximum of 40℃ here.
这儿的最高气温将达40摄氏度。5. indicate vt.
指出, 显示, 象征, 预示, 需要, 简要地说明
I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite.
我问他姐姐在哪儿, 他朝对面的商店指了一下。
I indicated that his help was not welcome.
我表明他的帮助不受欢迎。6. close adj.
①near in space or time
空间上或时间上靠近的
②likely 可能的
③careful 小心的close to death
离死亡不远
take a close look at sth.
严密注意某物
keep a close watch/eye on
仔细地看
They chose a spot close to the river for their picnic.
他们选择了一个离河不远的地方进行野餐。
Your birthday is close to mine.
你的生日离我的生日相隔不长。
The two countries are close to signing a peace agreement.
两国即将签署和平协议。7. used to do
表过去习惯化的动作或状态
be/become/get used to doing/n.
习惯于(to为介词)
be used to do
为被动语态，表示“被用来做某事”
I used to go swimming on Saturdays but now I don’t.The country life he was used to _____
greatly since 1992. (2005 山东)
A. change B. has changed
C. changing D. have changedI’m not used to getting up so early.
Cloth is used to make clothes.used to do与 would 用法对比
1. used to do表示过去的动作、状态, 重在与现在情况的对比,不一定要有时间状语。would 只表示过去动作的重复, 有明确的时间状语。
I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when he was in the middle school.
I used to play cards a lot, but now I seldom play. 2.表示过去的习惯, 可互换。
When we were very young, we used to/would go skating every winter.
注: used to do 的否定式:
usedn’t to do/didn’t use to do
(usedn’t也可写作usen’t.)
疑问式:
Did you use to do…?/ Used you to do…?
Didn’t you use to do…?/ Usedn’t you to do…?8. nowhere adv.
无处, 到处都无
该词用于句首时，要用倒装语序。
I have no job and nowhere to live.
我没工作，也没地方住。
Nowhere could I see him.
我哪儿也看不到他。 Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _____ such a beautiful palace. (2004 辽宁)
A. can you find
B. you could find
C. you can find
D. could you find9. offshore adj./adv.
向海面吹的, 离岸的, 海面上的, 海上/下作业的
offshore workers
海上作业的工人
offshore bank/company/investment
境外银行/公司/投资offshore wind/current etc.
从陆地吹向海面的风/离岸的潮流
The storm moved offshore.
风暴离岸移动。
A boat moored offshore.
船在近海下锚。10. accelerate vi./vt.
= to (cause to ) move faster 加速, 促进
She accelerated her car and passed the bus in front.
她加快车速超过了前面的公共汽车。
The car suddenly accelerated.
那辆车突然开始加速。1. secure
adj.安全的, 可靠的, 放心的, 无虑的
v. 保护,使安全
Our house is secure from flood.
我们的房子没有被淹的危险。
Some measures are needed to secure the bank from a flood.
这道堤防需要采取一些措施, 免得被洪水冲坏。Page2security n.安全，保安，保护
Security was tight during the President’s visit.
总统来访期间，保安工作十分严密。
For security reasons the visitors were searched.
为了安全起见，来宾受到了检查。2. no/not/never … until…
直到……才---Was his father very strict with him
when he was at school?
---Yes. He had never praised him _____
he became one of the top students
in his grade. (03 北京春)
A. after B. unless
C. until D. when3. knot
n.(绳等的)结, (树的)节; 船速,＝海里/小时
v.打结
He tied his belt with a knot.
他把带子打了个结。
The wire is too stiff to knot easily.
这根铁丝太硬了, 不容易打结。4. involve vt.
包括，使陷于,使参与，影响
Don’t involve other people in your mistakes.
别把别人牵涉到你的错误中去。
All the children were involved in the school play.
所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的戏剧。
The matter is serious because it involves your reputation.
这件事很严重，因为它影响到你的声誉。 involve 指必然包括的结果
include 指包括属于整体的部分
contain 指包含在内或含有几种成分
hold 常指含有多少容量，可与contain互换involve, include, contain, holdTaking the job _________living abroad.
接受这项工作就一定要住在国外。
The price __________postage charges.
价格包括邮资在内。
Beer ___________alcohol.
啤酒里含有酒精。
How much water does the pan_______?
那盘子能盛多少水？involvesincludescontainshold5. nautical mile
海里（合1.852公里）在航海和航空上应用的长度单位，按地球大圆一弧分长计，尤指国际和美国单位。6. magnetic
adj. 磁的, 有磁性的, 有吸引力的
magnet
n. 磁体, 磁铁
a magnetic recorder
磁录音机 a magnetic compass bearing
可分辨磁极方向的罗盘
a magnetic person
有魅力的人
The iron has lost its magnetic force.
这铁已失去磁力。7. direction n.方向;指导;趋势
(常用复数)指示, 用法, 说明(书), 收件人地址
Full directions inside.
内附详细说明书。
in all directions = in every direction
向四面八方follow one’s directions 遵照某人的指示
In which direction are you going, north or south?
你准备朝哪个方向走？向北还是向南？
This team is under my direction.
这个小队由我指挥。 8. random n. 随意, 任意
adj. 任意的, 随便的, 胡乱的
make a random choice
任意选择
at random = aimlessly; without any plan 随机，随便 The travelers at the airport were searched at random.
（搜查人员对）机场上的旅客随便选几个人加以搜查。
Soiled dishes were piled at random.
脏碟子乱七八糟地堆着。9. awkward adj.
难使用的, 笨拙的, 尴尬的;
棘手的,难处理的
an awkward remark
令人窘迫的评论
There was an awkward silence, when no one knew what to say.
当谁都不知道说什么时，出现了令人尴尬的沉默。他很笨，总是丢东西。He is awkward; he keeps dropping things.An awkward situation arose during the peace talks.
在和平谈判中出现了棘手的情况。10. reference n.
提及, 涉及, 参考, 参考书目,
证明书(人), 介绍信(人)
At the meeting the teacher made references to his heroic deeds.
在会上老师提到了他的英雄事迹。
These are reference books for teachers.
这些是教师参考书。refer v.
提到, 涉及, 查阅, 咨询
The teacher often refers her pupils to this dictionary.
老师经常让她的学生查这本字典。
Her pupils often refer to this dictionary.
她的学会经常查这本字典。
Don’t refer to it again.
别再提那件事。11. precise adj. 精确的, 准确的
precision n. 精确(性), 精密(度)
A lawyer needs a precise mind.
律师需要一丝不苟的精神。
A camera is an instrument of precision.
照相机是一种精密仪器。 accurate
= correct, free of mistakes
准确的,无误的
precise
= exact in form, detail, measurements, time, etc
精密的，精确的accurate, precise, exactexact
= correct and without mistake (of things that can be measured)
精密的，准确的12. simplify vt. 单一化, 简单化
simple adj. 简单的
The English in this story has been simplified to make it easier to understand.
这个故事里的英语被简写以便更容易理解。
His father lived a simple life in the country.
他父亲在农村过着简朴的生活。 13. portable adj.
轻便的, 手提(式)的, 便携式的
a portable typewriter
提式打字机
a portable generator
便携式发电机14. shortcoming n.
缺点, 短处（常用复数）
In spite of all her shortcomings, she is still the best teacher the school has.
他尽管有些缺点，但仍然是该校最好的教师。
15. update
v. 使现代化, 修正, 校正, 更新
n. 现代化, 更新
updated
adj. 最新的，现代化的，适时的
an updated and revised edition
最新修订本16.tendency n. 趋向, 倾向
We’ve noticed a growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices.
我们注意到一种趋势，越来越多的人在家里工作而不在办公室里上班。 have a tendency to do sth.
倾向于做某事，往往会做某事
Jean’s nice but she has a tendency to talk too much.
简人倒不错，就是往往太唠叨。17. reliable adj. 可靠的, 可信赖的
rely v.依赖, 依靠, 信赖, 信任, 依赖于
reliability n.可靠性
She may forget to come --- she is not very reliable.
她可能忘了来，她不太可信赖。Language points on P141. course n. 过程, 经过, 进程, 方针, 路线, 跑道, 课程, 一道菜
Tom made much noise in the course of discussion.
在讨论期间汤姆弄出了很大的响声。 The ship was blown off course.
那船被吹离了航向。
We made three courses: soup, meat and vegetables, and fruit.
我们有三道菜: 汤, 肉和蔬菜, 还有水果。Phrases with “course”
in course of 正在……过程中, 在……期间
in due course = at the proper or right time
在合适或正好的时间
of course
① in the natural or expected order of
things; naturally.
按事物自然的或预期的顺序;自然地2. aim
n.目标, 目的, 瞄准
v. 对...瞄准, 打算
He aimed the gun at the enemy officer.
他用枪瞄准了敌军官。
The hunter took aim at a wolf.
猎手瞄准了一匹狼。②without any doubt; certainly.
无疑地；当然地3. be prepared to do
准备做某事（思想上准备好了）
prepare to do
准备做某事（强调动作）
They are prepared to do it.
（准备好或愿意）
They are preparing to do it.
（正在准备） prepare sth. 准备……
prepare for sth. 为……做准备
The teacher is preparing the reviewing exercises, and the students are preparing for the final examination.
老师正在准备复习用的练习, 而学生们正在为期末考试做准备。4. justify v.
证明……是正当的；为……辩护
The course of events fully justifies our views.
事情的发展完全证明我们的意见是正确的。
How can you justify your rude and foolish behavior?
你怎样为你粗鲁而愚蠢的行为辩护？Homework 1. Review this passage.
2. Preview Learning about
language.课件68张PPT。Using LanguageReadingTrue or false questions:1. I was forced to join Captain Bligh in the small boat.
2. After the crew took over the ship “Bounty”, Captain Bligh was allowed to take with him a chart , a compass and a quadrant.FF3. It was very difficult for us to get a correct reading from the quadrant as the boat moved constantly during the course.
4. Captain Bligh used a system called “dead reckoning” and he knew there was land directly southwest of their original position. TF5. We completely believed Captain Bligh when he talked hopefully about what we would do when we got back to England.
6. Captain Bligh was as weak as the rest of us but he was determined not to give up.FT7. Captain Bligh kept us busy and tried to take our minds off our stomach and thirst all the way.
8. We finally escaped the jaws of death and arrived in Timor over fifty days after being set loose in our small boat.TFExplanation1. incident n.事件, 事变
He could remember every incident in great detail.
他能把每件小事的细节都记得清楚。
incident 附带的小事件，事端，政变
accident 意外事故
event 重大事件How did the accident happen?
这起事故是怎么发生的？
July 7th Incident 七七事变
What were the chief events of last year?
去年主要的大事是什么？2. departure n.
启程, 出发, 离开
a departure lounge
候车室
departure date
动身日期
depart
vi.离开, 起程, 逝世3. crew n. 全体人员, (工作)队
The plane had seventy passengers and a crew of ten.
飞机上有70名乘客和10名机务人员。
注意:做主语时, 如看作整体, 谓语用单数; 如看作成员, 谓语用复数。
The crew on board the plane was small.
The crew were busy preparing.4. deposit
v. 放置, 放下放置，安置；
托付，寄存；存钱
She deposited her money in the bank.
他把钱存到银行里。
dilemma n. 进退两难的局面, 困难的选择（可加不定冠词）e.g.
You place me in something of a dilemma.
Jill was in a dilemma whether to go out
with Bill or Joe.
The doctor was in a dilemma whether to
tell the patient the truth about his
condition or not.5. drawback n.
缺点, 毛病;不利因素
One drawback of New York in the summer is the heat.
In spite of all its drawbacks, it was a place of quiet, peace.
The only drawback of the plan is that it costs too much.draw back
① 退回,往后退
The children drew back from the dog when it barked at them.
② 不履行(诺言)
He will not draw back from what he has promised.
6. dusk n. 薄暮, 黄昏,暮色
Dusk was falling.
By dusk we had reached a place called Lion Forest.
At dusk the lights of the city come on.dawn n. 黎明, 拂晓, 破晓
The darkest hour is before the dawn.
And at dawn we rose and knocked at the gate of the city.7. routine n.
例行公事, 常规, 日常事务, 程序
Teachers in our school will have a routine medical examination on Teachers’ Day.
在教师节我们学校的教师要进行常规的检查。 I arrive at nine o’clock, teach until twelve thirty and then have a meal; that is my morning routine.
我九点钟到，上课到十二点钟，然后吃饭；那是我上午的例行做法。8. pretty
adj. 漂亮的, 优美的, 机灵的, 恰当的
adv. 相当，颇
a pretty garden / valley
美丽的花园 / 山谷
You speak English pretty well.
你的英语讲得相当好。
I feel pretty tired.
我感到相当疲劳了。9. in addition 另外
There was an earthquake and, in addition, there were tsunamis.
除了地震之外，还有海啸。比较：in addition, in addition to
in addition = as well, besides 相当于副词
in addition to = as well as 相当于介词
In addition, the owner of the land may charge an extra fee.
In addition to swimming, she likes tennis.10. starvation n. 饥饿, 饿死
starve v.饥饿, 饿死
Thousands and thousands of people there are on the point of starvation.
那儿成千上万的人都面临着饿死的危险。
Thousands of people will starve if food doesn’t reach the stricken city.
如果食物不能运到那座受灾的城市， 成千上万的人就要饿死。11. extreme
adj. 尽头的, 极端的, 偏激的, 最后的
n. 极端, 极端的事物
the extreme edge of the field
原野的尽头
extreme pleasure
极度高兴
resorted to extremes in the emergency
在紧急状态下诉诸非常手段12. cope with
有效地或成功地对付或应付
A family and a full time job are a lot to cope with.
照顾家庭并干一份全职工作需要花很多精力。 She is not a competent driver and can’t cope with driving in heavy traffic.
她不是一个称职的司机，在交通拥挤时就开不好车。
deal with只是采取行动去对付某人或某事，并不考虑成功与否。 13. psychologically adv. 心理上地, 心
理学地
psychological adj. 心理(上)的
psychology n. 心理学, 心理状态
psychological research
心理学研究
psychological warfare 心理战
the psychology of war 战争心理14. tension n. 紧张(状态), 不安, 拉紧, 压力, 张力, 牵力, 电压
The tension of the Far East is building up again.
中东的形势又逐步紧张起来。strain/ tension
strain通常指过分吃力, 影响健康的紧张状态
tension 多指由于双方或各方面关系不好所造成的紧张状态
Too much reading is a strain on one’s eyes.
The government is doing its best to ease the tension in that area.15. gradually adv. 逐渐地
gradual adj. 逐渐的, 逐步的, 渐进的
The rock gradually wears away due to the action of the water.
由于水的作用，岩石逐渐磨损。
Computerization has resulted in the gradual disappearance of many manual jobs.
计算机化导致了许多手工工作的逐渐消失。16. foresee vt. 预见, 预知
He foresaw the rapid increase in unemployment.
Those who can foresee difficulties on their way to success may keep calm when they really appear.
在走向成功的路途中能够预见到困难的人在困难真正出现的时候常常能保持冷静的态度。17. take one’s mind off
使某人的注意力离开
keep one’s mind on…
专心于，把注意力集中于
put one’s mind into/to…
专心于18. thirst n.
渴, 口渴, (～ for)渴望, 热望
The soldiers died of thirst in the desert.
士兵们在沙漠中因长期干渴而死。
He has a great thirst for knowledge.
他有强烈的求知欲
thirsty adj. 口渴的, 渴望的, 热望的
He is thirsty for news.
他渴望获得新闻。19. set loose
出发, 使爆炸, 引起, (使)开始(做某事)
Someone has set the tigers loose from their cage and they are terrorizing the town.
When we escape, shall we set the other prisoners loose?20. hardship n. 困苦, 艰难, 辛苦
a time of great economic hardship
经济极度困难的时期
Be the first to bear hardships, the last to enjoy comforts.
吃苦在别人前头，享受在别人后头。
His father went through all kinds of hardships in the old society.
他的父亲在旧社会吃尽了苦头。21. the jaws of death / defeat
= used to describe an unpleasant situation that almost happens
鬼门关，失败的险境
The team snatched victory from the jaws of defeat.
这个队翻盘而险胜。DiscussionDiscuss these situations in fours and then hold a class discussion.Would you have behaved like the person in the reading and joined Captain Bligh in the open boat or stayed on the “Bounty”? You should have reasons for your choice.2. At the time that the nineteen men
in the boat sailed for Timor they did
not know if they would survive or
not. What do you think were the most
important things they would need to take
with them? Who should decide these
items? Remember that the boat was
already very full of people and could not
hold much more. 3. Many men who wanted to go into
the boat were unable to because of
the lack of space. If they stayed on
the “Bounty” and were caught by
the British navy, they should be
killed according to the law.4. What would the students have
done to avoid being caught and
punished if they had been part of the
group who took over the “Bounty”?
Would they have gone back to Tahiti
or looked for another place to live?
Which place would be the safest?5. After the discussion let students
prepare for the speaking exercise
and encourage them to make notes
of their ideas. Follow this format:
Discuss in pairs. Make a list of the
ideas.6. Swap ideas with another pair and
resolve differences. Make a new
list of the ideas.
7. One member of the group should
give the ideas to the class in turn.
Other groups can discuss these I deal
and evaluate them.Sample dialoguesLi Pei (LP), Du Zhou (DZ), Wen Fuqing (WF) and Liu Yongfu (LY) are discussing the journey and Captain’s Bligh’s leadership qualities.LP: Why are you convinced that this journey shows the greatest navigational skill? I’m sure there must have been others that were as good, if not better!
DZ: Do you know of many other sea voyages of this kind?WF: Well, there’s that journey by Shackleton from Elephant Island in the Antarctic to get help from another island with a whaling station. He wanted to rescue his men. The weather was terrible and he was in an open boat, too.LY: How can you think that journey was more difficult? It didn’t last very long. Captain’s Bligh’s journey lasted over forty days, was very hot and they had very little food and water. It was because Captain Bligh was a great leader that they survived.DZ: Now that I’ve heard about it I am very impressed. All those men pushed together in a very small boat, it must have been terrible for them to stay friendly. Meanwhile they were being driven mad by lack of fresh water and there was all thatsalt water all around them. That’s the reason I think it was the greatest sea escape.
LP: When you put it that way I suppose it was a great achievement. Captain Bligh was certainly excellent in the way he kept the men occupied and tried to take their minds off their troubles. In addition he treatedeveryone the same when it came to food or water. So I think you are right and it was the greatest example of navigational skill against the odds! Do you agree?
DA, WF and LY (together): Yes. We do.TwoDZ: What leadership qualities do you think Captain Bligh showed?
LP: Since he had such violent disagreements with his crew, I think he was a bad leader.WF: Do you really? He does seem to have had a bad temper so that has given him a bad reputation. However, he was also kind to his men at other times so I think he was a reasonable leader.
LY: What did he do?WF: He provided cabbage so the sailors would not get ill and made them dance so that they would stay healthy. That shows he was a good leader.
DZ: Yes indeed. That is one good quality. However having a bad temper and getting angry quickly shows a bad quality.WF: Now think about the voyage to Timor. On that journey he was fair with the food, kept everyone occupied working out the boat’s position, and kept the crew cheerful. The fact that he tried so hard to build co-operative behavior shows good leadership qualities.LP: Indeed he did. That is why some people regard him as a hero.
LY: Well, he seems contradictory. He is a good leader in a crisis and a bad one the rest of the time.DZ: No, no! That seems a bit cruel although it was due to his bad temper the crew took over the ship. It was also due to his good temper that the crew survived in the small boat. I think Liu Yongfu is right. He was good in a crisis because he was fair with the food, But he was a bad leader in a general situation because he got angry over small things (like accusing people of stealing food or disobeying him) and was too easy-going in Tahiti ( where he let the men relax too much so they did not want to go back to England).
LP: He was a strange mixture indeed!WritingNow write a report to your leader explaining to him why you think Captain Bligh should or should not receive the medal. Follow these steps.Write down your ideas in the order as they occur to you.
Number the ideas so that they are in a logical order.
Each paragraph should explain one of the reasons why Captain Bligh should get the medal or not.
Your last paragraph should emphasize again the most important reasons why you think Captain Bligh should or should not get the medal.Sample letterDear Sir，
I think Captain Bligh should certainly receive a special medal for his amazing voyage across the sea to Timor. This is a journey that could not have been completed without great navigational skill. In addition Captain Bligh did not lose one man. First, he showed his leadership qualities by sharing the food and water fairly with the men in the boat. Everyone was treated equally and this made for good feeling between the members of the boat.
Second, he kept everyone in the boat cheerful by discussing what they would dowhen they arrived safely. No one was allowed to think about what might happen if they did not arrive!
Third, he kept them occupied by organizing the complicated mathematical calculations needed to find their position at sea. The crew who had taken over the “Bounty” had left Captain Bligh with only a quadrant and a compass. This meant that numerous calculations were needed to find their correct position. Captain Bligh encouraged the crew in the boat to take measurements regularly and each person wasgiven a different responsibility for working out these measurements. This activity was important because it stopped the men from thinking about how little food and water there was.
So I hope you will give Captain Bligh this medal. He has shown leadership, fairness and concern for his crew and helped them return to England safely.
Yours,
(your name)HomeworkFinish exercises in workbook.课件40张PPT。Warming upWhat is a navigator?
2. What is an explorer?A navigator explores new routes across the sea.An explorer discovers new places on land.3. What is the difference between
a navigator and an explorer?Navigator seanautical instrumentsfind new islands or continentsNavigator is somebody who finds the position and plots the course of a ship, an aircraft, a car, etc, using maps and instruments.Explorerlanduse of compass and landmarksfind new places within an already identified island or continentExplorer is somebody who travels into or through a place in order to learn about it.
Very often navigators are also explorers.4. Look at these famous people. Are
they navigators or explorers?
What do you know about them?Zheng He In the year between 1405 and 1433, seven large treasure fleets sailed westwards on voyages of trade and exploration. Under the command of Zheng He, the fleets set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea, and then traveled further south, discovering the eastern coast of Africa. He renewed relations with the Kingdoms of the East African coast. One African king sent the Ming emperor a royal present: two giraffes.Marco PoloThe Map of Marco Polo’s voyage江苏马可·波罗纪念馆马可·波罗纪念邮票 About 700 years ago a young trader from Italy took a long trip to Cathay. Cathay is known as China today. He went with his father and uncle, who had traveled there once before. They stayed in China for about two decades. The young man's name was Marco Polo. He was liked by the leader in China at the time. He knew four languages and traveled around the kingdom for the leader. When Marco Polo returned to Italy, he dictated his story to a writer. He told of the Chinese postal system, paper money, and the use of coal as fuel. James Cook James Cook (1728-1779) was the greatest Britain navigator. Cook enlisted in the Royal Navy in 1755. In 1768 he was promoted and sent to the Pacific where he surveyed Tahiti, New Zealand, and Australia. On his famous second expedition (1772-1775) he explored Antarctica. In 1776 he undertook his third and final voyage in which he explored the West Coast of North America and tried to locate a passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
On this voyage he discovered the Hawaiian Islands, and sailed up the coast of North America through the Bering Straits to the Arctic Ocean. On his return he was killed by Hawaiian islanders.Columbus He was the first person that discovered the “New World” Italian-born explorer Christopher Columbus broke with tradition in 1492, sailing west in an attempt to find a shorter route to India and China. Columbus based his calculations for the journey on Biblical scripture, specifically the books of Esdras in the Apocrypha. On August 3rd, 1492, Columbus departed from Palos de la Frontera, Spain, on the first of several voyages to what he later called the “New World.” Ferdinand Magellan Ferdinand Magellan was born in Sabrosa Portugal in 1480 and got killed in 1521 in a battle in the Philippines 1480-1521. 　　On the 20th of September 1519, Magellan left Spain with 277 men and five ships: the Trinidad, the Victoria, the Concepcion, the Santiago and the San Antonio. The ships went across the Atlantic Ocean and went along the coast of South America. Magellan was looking for a strait leading from the Atlantic into the Pacific. In January 1520, He thought he had found it but was very disappointed to discover that the “strait” was the mouth of a river. Three were other setbacks. He had to put down a mutiny and shortly after the San Antonio was wrecked in a storm. However, Magellan pressed on and in October he found the channel which led to the Pacific. 　　 It is still known as the Strait of Magellan. After Magellan's journey he sailed to the Philippines to stock up on food and sadly he did not make it back because he was killed in a battle on one of the Philippines islands. 1.navigator n. 导航者,领航员
navigate vi. 航行, 航海, 航空
vt. 航行于, 驾驶, 操纵, 使通过
They navigated with difficulty through
the crowd.
他们在人群中坚难行进。
navigation n. 航海，航行
navigational adj. 航海的，航行的2.explorer n. 勘探者,考察者(考察的人,尤指考察某一地理区域的人)
explore v. 探险, 探测, 探究
exploration n. 探险, 探测
His mother is a arctic explorer.
他妈妈是一个到北极探险考察的人。 We must explore all the possibilities for the solution of the problem.
我们必须探讨解决这个问题的所有可能性。
Have you really explored your nearest town?
你真的考察了离你们那儿最近的城镇了吗？1. Read the new words.
2. Preview Reading SAILING THE OCEANS on P12.Unit 2 Sailing the oceans
I. 单元教学目标
技能目标Goals
Talk about early navigation
Talk about discovery and exploration of an unknown land
Learn about some famous navigators and explorers
Learn to express the cause and effect
Learn to use the Predicate
Write a report about a navigator or an adventurous story
Ⅱ.目标语言
词
汇
voyage mercy encyclopedia alongside exploration minimum celestial pole equator horizon overhead seaweed nowhere offshore accelerate outward tide secure log knot nautical magnetic random awkward reference precise simplify portable shortcoming update tendency reliable swoop parcel peck cliff expedition compulsory survival incident departure crew deposit dilemma drawback dusk routine reckon reckoning starvation psychology psychologically tension gradual gradually foresee thirst tear hardship jaw background roar
at the mercy of nautical mile set loose jaws of death
功
能
句
式
Cause & effect
Why are you...? How could you...?
Why did you...? Because of....
It was because.... The reason is that....
As he.... Since she....
Now that.... Therefore,...
He was due to.... It is ..., so I’m afraid....
That's why.... He.... so he is ill with fever after the voyage.
语
法
复习谓语(The Predicate)
So how did they navigate so well?
As you can see from the map we kept to straight course pretty well.
The tension in the boat got worse as the supply of food and water gradually disappear
So accomplished navigators were able to use it to plot their position.
Captain Cook had led three great Pacific voyages during his life.
I’ll go and get ready to begin work.
重
点
句
子
You may well wonder…(p12)
… show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though…(p12)
Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen. (p12)
There was no secure method of measuring longitude until the 17th century when the British solved this theoretical problem. (p13)
Its shortcoming was that it still used the moving ship as one of the fixed points of reference. (p13)
I am proud to have sailed with Captain Bligh on his journey of…(p17)
You could not imagine a more disturbing sight than what we looked like when arriving in Timor over forty days after being set loose in…(p17)
Ⅲ..教材分析与教材重组
1. 教材分析
本单元的中心话题是“Sailing the oceans”，内容涉及海洋航行、人类早期的航海技术、中国历史上最著名的航海家郑和、辛巴达的第一次冒险航行等。本单元的语言技能和语言知识都是依据“航海、发现探索未知的大陆”这个中心话题设计的。
1.1 “热身”(Warming up)部分提出了三个问题：航海家的含义；航海家与探险家的不同之处。看图对中外历史上的三个著名人物郑和、马可·波罗、詹姆斯·库克进行讨论，谁是航海家，谁是探险家。通过讨论使学生的言语技能和语言知识得到充分运用。
1.2 “读前”(Pre-reading)部分要求学生看图回答问题。通过这项任务的完成，可以激起学生了解早期航海情况的兴趣。
1.3“阅读”(Reading)部分是一篇说明文，用百科全书的形式呈现出的内容是让学生了解在现代化的航海仪器发明之前人们是怎样航海的。阅读的内容分为两部分，首先介绍古代航海者怎样借助自然环境的帮助进行航海。然后介绍早期的航海者怎样利用航海仪器来确定经度和纬度。1.4 “理解”(Comprehending)部分设置了五个练习。这些练习能帮助学生更好地理解阅读内容。这部分的练习1和练习4主要用以消化阅读的细节内容，只要学生理解了课文，不难回答。练习2、3、5设置了几个不同的情景，要求学生利用课文内容进行讨论与回答。这些练习能帮助学生更好地理解课文内容。
1.5 “语言学习”(Learning about Language)部分由词汇和语法两部分组成。这个部分的练习主要用来帮助学生进一步学习、巩固课文中出现的词语，加深学生对谓语的语法概念，同时也帮助学生了解库克船长的航海探险经历。
1.6 “语言运用”(Using Language)该部分包括两项内容，对学生进行听、说、读、写的综合训练。该部分内容紧密结合了本单元的功能项目“Cause and effect”。
1.7“小结”(Summing up)部分涉及三个方面：第一项是本单元关于航海的主题；第二项是学习本单元的收获；第三项是关于本单元的语言知识。通过该小结，可以让学生对本单元的学习有个整的概念。教师可以利用该材料做些拓展性和巩固性练习设计。
2. 教材重组
2.1利用WARMING UP设计成一节任务型“口语课”。
2.2 将Pre-reading 、Reading和Comprehending 整合成一节 “精读课”。
2.3 将Using Language中的Reading和Workbook中的READING TASK上一节“阅读课（泛读课）”。
2.4将Learning about language 和Workbook中的Talking整合成一节以说和写为主要任务的练习课。
2.5将Using Language中的Listening和Workbook中的Listening整合成一节“听力课”。
2.6 将Learning about Language中的Revising useful structures和Workbook中的Using structures整合成一节“语法课”。
3. 课型设计与课时分配（经教材分析，本单元建议用六课时教完，顺序可根据学情适当调整）
1st period Speaking(口语课)
2nd period Reading(精读课)
3rd period Extensive Reading(泛读课)
4th period Practicing(练习课)
5th period Listening(听力课)
6th period Grammar(语法课)
Ⅳ. 分课时教案
The First Period Speaking
Teaching Aims:
a. Key words and expressions
navigate, navigator, navigation, navigational; explore, explorer, exploration
b. Talk about sailing the oceans.
Teaching Methods:
Discussion to arouse the students’ interest in sailing and exploring the oceans.
Individual, pair or group work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
The multimedia; a tape recorder; the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step1 Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step2 Revision
Check the homework exercises.
Step 3 Presentation
Present the students a map of the world and tell them “Today we are going to learn a new unit “Sailing the oceans”. Then ask them to turn to page 11 and give them a few minutes to have a discussion.
Step 4 Discussion
In pairs discuss the questions on page11.This discussion is intended for students to explore the difference between a navigator and an explorer. This difference is important to establish because it encourages students to appreciate shades of meaning in the definitions f words and also because it establishes the idea of categories.
After a few minutes, ask some pairs to speak out their result of the discussion. Then sum up and check the answers.
A navigator explores new routes across the sea.
An explorer discovers new places on land.
A navigator is somebody who finds the position and plots the course of a ship, an aircraft, a car, etc, using maps and instruments. An explorer is somebody who travels into or through a place in order to learn about it. Very often navigators are also explorers.
In history there are four famous voyage explorers in the world, including Zheng He in China, James Cook in England, Christopher Columbus in Spain and Abel Tasman in Holland.
In this unit we’ll talk about Zheng He, James Cook and some other explorers like Marco Polo and Captain Bligh.
Step 5 Pre-speaking
Ask the students if they want to know some famous navigators and explorers. Then present them some pictures and some related information about them.
About Zheng He.
About Marco Polo
About James Cook
About Ferdinand Magellan
Step 6 Speaking
After showing the students the pictures and their background information, ask the students to think about the question: How do you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented? If time is limited, this can be left as their homework.
Step 7 Homework
1. Read the new words.
2. Preview Reading SAILING THE OCEANS on page 12.
The Second Period Reading
Teaching Aims:
a. Learn and master the key words and expressions
voyage mercy minimum nowhere pole overhead offshore accelerate outward longitude latitude precise simplify portable shortcoming updated tendency reliable
at the mercy of, even though, work out, be used to, in relation to, aim to , …
b. Train the students’ reading ability. Let the students have some knowledge of early navigational methods. Explain how seamen explored the oceans and what kind of navigational instruments were used to sailors before the 17th century when they were navigating the open seas without seeing the land.
Teaching Difficult Points:
How to help the students understand the reading passage better.
How to improve the students’ reading ability.
Teaching Methods:
Scanning the text to get the general idea of it.
Carefully reading to finish the Comprehending exercises on page 14.
Discussion after reading to make the students understand the text better.
Teaching Aids:
The multimedia; a tape recorder; the blackboard
Teaching procedures & ways
Step1 Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step2 Revision
Check the homework exercises.
Step3 Pre-reading
Show the students some pictures to see if they can identify the early navigational instruments seamen used and explain how they used.
Step 4 Discussion
Discuss the questions on page11.
Step 5 Listening and comprehending
After listening to the contents of the text do the comprehending exercises on page 14&15.
Step 6 Explanation
After comprehending, it is a good time to deal with the new words and language points in this part, esp. the following:
voyage mercy minimum nowhere pole overhead offshore accelerate outward longitude latitude precise simplify portable shortcoming updated tendency reliable
at the mercy of, even though, work out, be used to, in relation to, aim to ,
Step7 Discussion
Let’s the students have a discussion by working in pairs or in groups.
Topic: Imagine you are on a boat with twenty-nine other people. You have a small box for your personal things but it can only hole ten items. What would you need for a week’s journey across the North Sea to England?
Suggested Answer:
Category
Items
Category
Items
Clothes
shirt, trousers
Shoes
waterproof boots
Hygiene
soap
Tools
knife, scissors
Bedding
blanket
Medicines
sea-sick tablets, cold medicine
Games
cards, chess
Books
novels, essay collections
Step8 Summary
This reading explains how seamen explored the oceans and what kind of navigational instruments were used to sailors before the seventeenth century when they were navigating the open seas without seeing the land.
Step9 Homework
Finish the exercises about using words and expression on page61.
The Third Period Extensive Reading
Teaching Aims:
a. Learn and master the key words and expressions
incident departure crew deposit dilemma drawback dusk routine pretty starvation extreme psychologically tension gradually foresee thirst hardship
b. Train the students’ reading ability.
Teaching Difficult Points:
a. How to help the students understand the reading passage better.
b. How to improve the students’ reading ability.
Teaching Methods:
Scanning the text to get the general idea of it and do some other comprehending exercises.
Discussion after reading to make the students understand the text better.
Teaching Aids:
The multimedia; a tape recorder; the blackboard
Teaching procedures & ways
Step1 Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step2 Revision
Check the homework exercises.
Suggested answers to Exercise3:
I have gradually accepted the routine at school now that I am in the advanced class and make my own study plan.
The drawback of using that girl for the advertising was her square jaw which made her look unfriendly.
Mathematics is a subject which demands precise and accurate work.
In the park I saw a small boy holding the string of a kite overhead, which was rising and falling at the mercy of the wind.
That explorer wanted to secure his place in history by being the first man to reach the South Pole.
Step3 Reading
a. Listen to the passage and then let them do some true or false questions according to the text.
1. I was forced to join Captain Bligh in the small boat.
2. After the crew took over the ship “Boundy”, Captain Bligh was allowed to take with him a chart , a compass and a quadrant.
3. It was very difficult for us to get a correct reading from the quadrant as the boat moved constantly during the course.
4. Captain Bligh used a system called “dead reckoning” and he knew there was land directly southwest of their original position.
5. We completely believed Captain Bligh when he talked hopefully about what we would do when we got back to England.
6. Captain Bligh was as weak as the rest of us but he was determined not to give up.
7. Captain Bligh kept us busy and tried to take our minds off our stomach and thirst all the way.
8. We finally escaped the jaws of death and arrived in Timor over fifty days after being set loose in our small boat.
Answers: (FFTFFTTF)
b. Give the students a few minutes to read the passage again and then get the general idea of the text.
This is the storey of Captain Bligh’s amazing journey across the Pacific Ocean in an open boat with his followers after another group of sailors under Fletcher Christian had taken over the ship. Later Captain Bligh and his men made for the island of Timor using a combination of navigational skill and “dead reckoning”, which is guessing the correct direction. The voyage lasted over 40 days and was one of the greatest examples of survival at sea.
c. Explain some difficult sentences, phrases and words.
Key phrases:
1. in addition 另外
There was an earthquake and, in addition, there were tsunamis.
除了地震之外，还有海啸。
比较：in addition, in addition to
in addition= as well, besides 相当于副词
in addition to=as well as 相当于介词
In addition, the owner of the land may charge an extra fee.
In addition to swimming, she likes tennis.
2. cope with 有效地或成功地对付或应付
A family and a full time job is a lot to cope with.
照顾家庭并干一份全职工作需要花很多精力。
She is not a competent driver and can’t cope with driving in heavy traffic.
她不是一个称职的司机，在交通拥挤时就开不好车。
比较: deal with只是采取行动去对付某人或某事，并不考虑成功与否。
3. take one’s mind off 使某人的注意力离开
keep one’s mind on…专心于，把注意力集中于
put one’s mind into/to…专心于
4.set loose出发, 使爆炸, 引起, (使)开始(做某事)
Someone has set the tigers loose from their cage and they are terrorizing the town.
When we escape, shall we set the other prisoners loose?
5.the jaws of death / defeat= used to describe an unpleasant situation that almost happens鬼门关，失败的险境
The team snatched victory from the jaws of defeat.
这个队翻盘而险胜。
Step4 Discussion
Discuss these situations in fours and then hold a class discussion.
Would you have behaved like the person in the reading and joined Captain Bligh in the open boat or stayed on the “Bounty”? You should have reasons for your choice.
2. At the time that the nineteen men in the boat sailed for Timor they did not know if they would survive or not. What do you think were the most important things they would need to take with them? Who should decide these items? Remember that the boat was already very full with people and could not hold very much more.
3. Many men who wanted to go into the boat were unable to because of the lack of space. If they stayed on the “Bounty” and were caught by the British navy, they should be killed according to the law.
4. What would the students have done to avoid being caught and punished if they had been part of the group who took over the “Bounty”? Would they have gone back to Tahiti or looked for another place to live? Which place would be the safest?
5. After the discussion let students prepare for the speaking exercise and encourage them to make notes of their ideas. Follow this format: Discuss in pairs. Make a list of the ideas.
6. Swap ideas with another pair and resolve differences. Make a new list of the ideas.
7. One member of the group should give the ideas to the class in turn. Other groups can discuss these ideas and evaluate them.
One sample dialogue:
Li Pei (LP), Du Zhou (DZ), Wen Fuqing (WF) and Liu Yongfu (LY) are discussing the journey and Captain’s Bligh’s leadership qualities.
LP: Why are you convinced that this journey shows the greatest navigational skill? I’m sure there must have been others that were as good, if not better!
DZ: Do you know of many other sea voyages of this kind?
WF: Well, there’s that journey by Shackleton from Elephant Island in the Antarctic to get help from another island with a whaling station. He wanted to rescue his men. The weather was terrible and he was in an open boat, too.
LY: How can you think that journey was more difficult? It didn’t last very long. Captain’s Bligh’s journey lasted over forty days, was very hot and they had very little food and water. It was because Captain Bligh was a great leader that they survived.
DZ: Now that I’ve heard about it I am very impressed. All those men pushed together in a very small boat, it must have been terrible for them to stay friendly. Meanwhile they were being driven mad by lack of fresh water and there was all that salt water all around them. That’s the reason I think it was the greatest sea escape.
LP: When you put it that way I suppose it was a great achievement. Captain Bligh was certainly excellent in the way he kept the men occupied and tried to take their minds off their troubles. In addition he treated everyone the same when it came to food or water. So I think you are right and it was the greatest example of navigational skill against the odds! Do you agree?
DA, WF and LY (together): Yes. We do.
Step5 Homework
Finish exercises in workbook.
After class write a report to your letter explaining to him why you think Captain Bligh should or should not receive the medal.
Sample letter
Dear Sir，
I think Captain Bligh should certainly receive a special medal for his amazing voyage across the sea to Timor. This is a journey that could not have been completed without great navigational skill. In addition Captain Bligh did not lose one man.
First, he showed his leadership qualities by sharing the food and water fairly with the men in the boat. Everyone was treated equally and this made for good feeling between the members of the boat.
Second, he kept everyone in the boat cheerful by discussing what they would do when they arrived safely. No one was allowed to think about what might happen if they did not arrive!
Third, he kept them occupied by organizing the complicated mathematical calculations needed to find their position at sea. The crew who had taken over the “Bounty” had left Captain Bligh with only a quadrant and a compass. This meant that numerous calculations were needed to find their correct position. Captain Bligh regularly and each person was given a different activity was important because it stopped the men from thinking about how little food and water there was.
So I hope you will give Captain Bligh this medal. He has shown leadership, fairness and concern for his crew and helped them return to England safely.
Yours,
(your name)
The Fourth Period Practicing
Learning about Language
Teaching Aims:
Revise the language points learned in the last period.
Do the exercises in this part.
Teaching Important Points:
Discover useful words and expressions.
Revise useful structures.
Teaching Methods:
Discussion method.
Pair work or group work.
Teaching Aids:
1. a computer; 2. courseware
Teaching procedures
Step1 Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step2 Revision
Translate the following sentences into English:
我对杰夫真是搞不明白，他忽而对我友好，忽而对我视若路人。
I can’t work out Geoff out; one day he’s friendly, the next day he ignores me completely.
2. 他认为美与善是一致的。
He identifies beauty with goodness．
3. 到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东西。
You might well find that you’ll need more by the weekend.
4. 他们在海上迷失的方向,任凭风和天气的摆布。
They were lost at sea, at the mercy of wind and weather.
5. 即便他能通过考试，以后找工作也成问题。
He will have problems in finding a job even if he can pass the exam.
6. 他把车沿着围墙停放。
He parked his car alongside the fence.
Step 3 Discussion
I. Pair work. Ask the students to do the exercises about Discovering useful words and expressions.
1 Replace the words underlined by ones of similar meaning from the reading passage.
1 Seeing the dark clouds above him, George hurried for home.
2 Sailing a boat alone far way from the shore made Flora’s parents worry about her safety.
3 Clare, would you please put your bicycle next to the others in the shed?
4 “Why don’t you plot a more simple route with the smallest number of stops?” asked Mary.
5 Setting out on a long journey by sea with unskilled sailors would be dangerous especially if there were no modern navigational instruments.
2 Find the words from the reading passage that are the opposite of these compound words.
anywhere upload inward unreliable land flower strong point
3 Write down the words you know, which are related to navigation and sea.

Navigation
Sea
4 Complete the following paragraph with the words below.
precise outward nowhere awkward reference seaweed
accelerate mercy randomly voyage alongside approximate
Samuel the sailor was extremely good at plotting his course using the stars as a . One day he was determined to set out on a across an unknown sea to an unknown continent. He set out with his instruments so he would not be at the of the sea. He found on his journey a rocky island. It seemed to be covered in nests. Suddenly, as Samuel looked, an enormous bird swooped down and picked him up as if he were a/ an parcel. It its speed and rose straight up into the air so as to reach the place on the rocks where its nest lay. Once there, it shook itself and threw Samuel in the direction of the nest. There seemed to be to hide but then he noticed lots of on his left and quickly hid under it. The bird landed nearby and pecked at the rocks. Samuel rolled over swiftly and found himself at the edge of the cliff. He looked down slowly with a beating heart. Below him was his boat lying the shore! “How lucky I am!” Samuel thought to himself. He then gave a mighty leap and landed in it. Once inside he could safely sail away.
Suggested answers:
Answer key for Exercise 1;
1 overhead 2 offshore 3 alongside 4 simplified; minimum 5 voyage; seamen
Answer key for Exercise 2:
nowhere—anywhere; download—upload; outward—inward; reliable—unreliable;
seaweed—land flower; shortcoming—strong point
Answer key for Exercise 3:
Navigation
Sea
navigate,navigational(instruments:compass, bearing circle, astrolabe, quadrant,sextant), sail,sailor,voyage,latitude,longitude, equator, horizon, captain, sailor, land, island, set sail, nautical middles, explore, exploration , . . .
seaman, seaweed, seafood, shore, offshore,onshore,beach, beachball,seabed, sea-bird, seagull, sea shell, seaside, sea water, seasick, coast, coastline,coastal, tide, wave, current, . . .
Answer key for Exercise 4;
reference; voyage; mercy; outward; awkward; accelerated; precise; approximate; nowhere; seaweed; randomly; alongside
II. Ask the students to go over the usage of the predicate and do exercise 1 about Revising useful structures.
Suggested answers:
1. James Cook was a great English navigator and Pacific Ocean expedition leader.
2. He had not only an outstanding ability in navigation and exploration, but also a real concern for sailors' health. He carried out compulsory dietary reforms that were copied by many other ship captains.
3. He had led three great Pacific voyages during his life.
4. In his first Pacific voyage in 1769, James Cook rounded Cape Horn, then spent six months charting New Zealand, and finally explored and claimed possession of eastern Australia.
5. In 1772, Captain Cook set sail to look for a "theorized great southern continent". Although they could not manage to reach Antarctica owing to the ice, he predicted that if it did exist, it would have to be a wasteland.
6. In 1776, Captain cook started his third Pacific voyage, searching for the Northwest Passage from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean. Unfortunately, he was killed in a dispute with Hawaiian natives and his men's attempt at the Northwest Passage was unsuccessful. However, this voyage is still recognized as especially significant in the history of the discovery of the west coast of North America.
III. Ask the students to do exercise 2 about Revising useful structures. Then ask some pairs to act out the dialogue.
Suggested dialogue:
Susan: Do you think you'll be going to that pop concert next week?
Clare: No. Let's forget about that as it'll soon be time for our exams.
Susan: Do you need to do more revision?
Clare: I don't really think I need to do more revision. I've done enough but it'll help me forget the concert you'll be enjoying.
Susan: Is there another reason why you don’t want to come to the concert?
Clare: Actually there is a reason. I don't think I'm going to have enough money even though I've been saving especially for this occasion.
Susan: Perhaps I can help you. I always earn extra money by cleaning cars. My father always pays me when I clean his.
Clare: Well, thank you for offering to help me. Ill happily clean your father's car if he'll pay me too.
Susan: I’m sure he will. He’s always been kind to my friends.
Clare: I hope you'll thank him for me. I'd never be allowed to clean my father's car. He is so proud of it he won't let anyone touch it.
Susan: Oh this is my father’s fourth car so the excitement has worn off a little.
Clare: His fourth car? My goodness. He must have been earning a lot of money to have owned so many.
Susan: I suppose so. He has his own business so he needs a car for his work
Clare: Oh J see! That explains things Please would you phone him now and ask him when it would be convenient for me to clean it?
Susan: Of course I11 do that right aw a
Clare: That’s so kind of you. Now while I’m doing the cleaning perhaps you can order our tickets for the concert. I’ll go and get ready to begin work. See you soon. Thanks and goodbye.
Step 4 Homework
Preview using language.
The Fifth Period Listening
Listening and Speaking
Teaching Aims:
Review the words and structures in the last period.
Finish the listening exercises in this part and improve the students’ listening ability.
Talk about sailing.
Teaching Important Points:
Finish the listening exercises.
Teaching Methods:
Talking method to improve the students’ speaking ability.
Listening method to train the students’ listening ability.
Pair wok to make every student take an active part in class.
Teaching Aids:
1. a computer; 2. courseware
Teaching procedures
Step1 Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step2 Revision
Check the homework exercises.
Step3 Listening
Listen to the tape and ask the students to finish exercise 1—3 on page 19.
Suggested answers:
Answer key for Exercise 1:
maps; stars; clouds; waves; currents; birds
Answer key for Exercise 2;
Sailors from
Sea or Ocean
Skills
Phoenicia
Mediterranean
Used the sky to find their way
Norway
North
Watched birds to find land
Polynesia
Pacific
Studied the -waves of the ocean
Answer key for Exercise 3:
1 Vikings used to prefer to said following the coastline so they could check that they were on the correct route.
2 Vikings used birds, and natural features likemountains, to direct their ships.
Step 4 Speaking
Ask the students to discuss the sayings in exercise 4 and get their ideas together.
Step 5 Homework
Finish the exercises in the student’s workbook.
The Sixth Period Grammar
The Predicate and Agreement
Teaching Aims:
Revise one of the sentence elements ---the Predicate and do plenty of exercises to consolidate what we have revise.
Study Agreement to improve the students’ ability to use the English language.
Teaching Important Points:
How to choose the proper form of the Predicative in order to express what we want to say.
Help the students to make a summary of the usage of agreement.
Teaching Difficult Points:
How to choose a proper predicate according to its subject.
Teaching Methods:
Discussion method to let the students have a clear understanding.
Pair work or group work to make every student engaged in all the activities in class.
Teaching Aids:
1. a computer; 2. courseware
Teaching procedures
Step1 Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step2 Revision
Check the homework exercises.
Step3 Grammar: the Predicate
A. Show the students some sentences and ask them to discuss and tell what member of the sentence each underlined part is.
① What nationality is he?
② That’s something we have always to keep in mind.
③ John is the second to learn about it.
④ Diamonds are precious.
⑤ The play we saw last Saturday is moving and we were all moved.
⑥ All we can do is to go and meet him.
⑦ He has been away for 3 years.
⑧ She is not what she used to be.
B. Something about the predicate:
谓语
谓语用来说明主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词词组担任。有四个要点，举例归纳如下：
1. 动词可分为及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词。
1)需要跟有宾语的动词叫及物动词，及物动词后可跟一个宾语、直接宾语和间接宾语或一个宾语带宾语补足语。例如：
直接宾语
Children seek independence.
The trial raised a number of questions.
He has always liked Mr. Philips.
He made the shortest speech I have ever heard.
A couple were having a drink at a table by the window
He took photographs of Vita in her summer house
直接宾语和间接宾语
They gave us a wonderfully warm welcome.
Mr Schell wrote a letter the other day to the New York Times.(… wrote the New York Times a letter.)
I took out the black box and handed it to her. (…handed her the box.)
l had lent my apartment to a friend for the weekend.
He left the note for he r on the table.
一个宾语带宾语补足语
Willis’s jokes made her uneasy.
Last year they made him captain of the Team
The people named the place “Turbo Kutu”.
I thought it right to go there without delay.
Have you found it difficult to speak?
2)不需要跟有宾语的动词叫不及物动词。例如：
Her whole body ached.
Donald was lying on the bed.
Bob coughed all night.
All the leaves have fallen and winter is coming.
I will travel south this summer and won’t come back to my office until the end of August.
有几个不及物动词后可以跟有与之同形的名词，这叫同源宾语。例如：
They are living a peaceful life. (=They are living peacefully.)
He died a heroic death . (=He died heroically.)
The girl laughed a merry laugh. (=The girl laughed merrily.)
He sighed a deep sigh. (=He sighed deeply.)
许多动词往往既是不及物动词又是及物动词。例如：
Gus asked me whether I’d like to have dinner with him. I accepted.(vi.)
I accepted the invitation. (vt.)
He painted every day. (vi.)
He paints vivid portraits of friends and acquaintances. (vt.)
He ran as fast as he could. (vi.)
She ran a hotel in the centre of the city. (vt.)
Father never smoked or drank all his life. (vi.)
He drank a good deal of coffee. (vt.)
At last she thanked them and left. (vi.)
A11 I know is that Michael and I never left the house. (vt.)
3 ) 连系动词虽具有词汇意义，但需要带有表语才能构成动词谓语。例如：
The station seems a very small one.
They haven’t remained loyal to the government.
Their hall was larger than his whole flat.
The task of inspecting it proved to be exciting and interesting.
It sounds unnatural to us.
My memories of a London childhood are happy ones.
His body was the color of bronze.
2动词词组或称短语动词，可以扩展或改变动词的意义，它们的构成是：
·动词+副词
Mary went away for a few days.
·动词+介词
The other day I came across a letter from Brunei written in the last year of his life.
·动词+副词+介词
You may have come up against unexpected difficulties.
3情态动词与动词连用构成的谓语。例如：
I must leave very soon.
The rich ought to pay tuition fees for their children.
You may have heard of him.
You should not have done so.
Step 4 Practice
Choose the best answers.
1. ---You haven't said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?
---I'm sorry I _____anything about it sooner. 1 certainly think it's pretty on you.
A .wasn't saying B. don't say C. won't say D. didn't say
2. --- Is John coming by train?
---He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
3. I wonder why Jenny _____us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn't written B. doesn't write
C .won’t write D. hadn't written
4. The evening news comes on at seven o'clock and _____only thirty minutes.
A. keeps B. completes C. finishes D. lasts
5. ---Has Sam finished his homework today?
---I have no idea. He_____ it this morning.
A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done
6. The forest guards often find campfires that have not been _____ completely
A. turned down B. put out C. put away D. had done
7. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945 and their power__ increased enormously ever since.
A. is B. was C. has D. had been
8. 1 don't _____ rock’ n’ roll. It's much too noisy for my taste.
A. go after B. go away with C. go into D. go in for
9. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _____visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
A .was B. were C. had been D. would be
10. --- Who is the girl standing over there?
---Well, if you _____ know, her name is Mary.
A. may B. can C. must D. shall.
11. On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _____ pale.
A. got B. changes C. went D. appears
12. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much_____ she was getting.
A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest
13. Happy birthday. Alice! So you have_____ twenty-one already.
A. gone B. turned C. grown D. passed14. The flowers______ sweet in the botanic garden, which attracted the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelled C. smelling D. are smelled
15. Having a trip abroad is certainly nice for old couples, but it remains _____ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to be seen B. to see C. seeing D. seen
1-5 DDADC 6-10 BCDAC 11-15 CABBA
Step 5 Grammar: Agreement
Show the students something about agreement:
主谓一致
并列结构作主语谓语用复数
主谓一致中的就近原则
谓语动词与前面的主语一致
谓语需用单数
指代意义决定谓语的单复数
与后接名词或代词保持一致
Step 6 Practice
1. More than one person _______ killed in the accident. ( be )
More questions than one ______ been asked. ( have)
Part of part of the meat _______spoilt. ( be )
Most of the books _________ missing. ( be )
5. The number of errors ______ surprising.
6. Jane and Mary ______ alike.
7. The crowd ______running for their lives.
8. The iron works _____ hidden behind the trees.
9. Either your students or Mr. Wang ______ this.
10. His family ____ going to have a long journey.
11. The whole family_____ watching TV.
12. The population of China ____ very large, and eighty percent of the population in China _____ farmers.
13. The police _____ searching for him.
14. A sheep ____ over there.
15. Some sheep _____ over there.
16. The doctor’s _____ on the side of the street.
17. My uncle’s _____ not far from here.
18. Richardson’s _____ a lot of imported goods to sell.
Ask the students to finish the exercises.
Suggested answers:
1. was 2. have 3. was 4. were 5. was 6. look 7. were 8. was
9. knows 10. is 11. are 12. is , are 13. are 14. is 15 are 16. is
17. is 18. are
Step 7 Summary and Homework
Do what we learn today.
Do the exercise about Using Structures on page 62.
供稿人: 曾桂萍 刘玉
参考答案
1-5 BADBC 6-10 DDABD 11-15 BCACD
16-20 ABBCD 21-25 CACCA 26-30 BABDB 31-35 CABDC
阅读理解
A篇：36-39 CDBB B篇：40-43 BDBD
C篇：44-47 DDCC D篇：48-51 ADDB E篇：52-54 DCCD
短文改错
56.bad---badly 57. on---to 58. is---was 59去掉第二个on
60.then---when 61. √ 62.had---has
63.在other ear前加the 64.hanged---hung 65.can’t---couldn’t
书面表达
One possible version:
Super Girls’ Voice
Last year many people especially high school students were fascinated by a singing competition “Super Girls’ Voice”, which was held by Hunan TV Station. Last weekend students in our class had a heated discussion about it .
Some students supporting it think highly of the competition. They think it has offered a wonderful stage to ordinary but well-singing girls to show their singing talents in public, and encourages people to pursue their dreams. What’s more, they can also develop their sense of competing during competitions .
On the other hand, the others don’t agree with them. They think a series of competitions costs lots of time and money. As most of girls are still students who should concentrate on their study at present, taking part in it is not good for their further progress .
In my opinion, it is just a successful program, which has attracted lots of audience’s attention. But seeing a bunch of girls with passion try hard to realize their dreams in the competition, we are inspired to study harder to be super girls too, just as competitors .
Unit 2 Sailing the oceans
I 单项选择
1. ---It snowed heavily last night and there must be a lot of snow on Emei Mountain.
---No, we found a little snow, as most of it seemed off the mountain.
A. to have blown B. to have been blown
C. to be blown D. to be blown
2. The work is smoothly. I’m sure it will be finished in a month or so.
A. progressing B. improving C. moving D. keeping
3. ---Saturday is not OK, I’m afraid.
---Then why not make ________ a little earlier?
A. you B. yourself C. this D. it
4. The country life he was used to _____ greatly since 1992.
A. change B. has changed
C. changing D. have changed
5. They have got everything ready to make a _____ across the Atlantic.
A. trip B. travel C. voyage D. tour
6. Some of the heat near the earth’s surface can _____ electricity.
A. use to make B. be used to making
C. use to making D. be used to make
7. The problem is difficult for a little boy to _____.
A. solve it B. work out it
C. work it out D. work out
8. She was asked to _____ the criminal.
A. identify B. realize C. recognize D. identity
9. The black clouds _____ that it will rain soon.
A. tell B. indicate C. is indicated D. indicated.
10. Children won’t work hard if they feel _____ about their failure.
A. sure B. confident C. worried D. secure
11. He studied hard, _____ the exam.
A. aim at passing B. aiming at passing
C. aiming passing D. aim to passing
12. Upon graduation from school., how well will you _____ the job that lies ahead?
A. prepare B. prepare for
C. be prepared for D. be preparing
13. Your uncle seems to be a good driver; _____, I wouldn’t dare to travel in his car.
A. even so B. even though C. therefore D. so
14. It was _____ back home after the experiment.
A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go
15. --- It’s getting late. I’m afraid I must be going now.
--- OK. _____. II
A. Take it easy B. Go slowly C. Stay longer D. See you
II. 完型填空
I remember vividly that first English class in the last term of high school. We boys (there were no girls in the school) were 16 expectantly(期待地)for the new teacher to appear. Before long, through the door came a tall ordinary-looking man 17 about 40. He said shyly, “Good afternoon, gentlemen.”
His 18 had a surprising tone of respect, almost 19 he were dressing the Supreme Court(最高法院) 20 a group of youngsters. He wrote his 21 on the blackboard---Wilmer T. Stone--- 22 sat on the front of his desk.
“Gentlemen,” he began, “we are now this term---your last--- to continue your study of 23. I know we shall enjoy learning with---and 24 one another. We are going to learn 25 about journalism and how to get out your weekly school paper. 26, we are going to try to feel the 27 of good literature, maybe some of us will really get 28 in reading and writing. A man who reads lives 29 . A man who 30, walks the earth with a blindfold(蒙眼布). If I had to put all my 31 into a single word, it would be : browse(广泛浏览)”.
Mr. Stone went on like that, 32 in a friendly and understanding tone. The 33 of the class came 34 soon. And we boys had to leave the classroom 35 an unexpected feeling of excitement.
16.A. waiting
B. looking
C. asking
D. calling
17.A. for
B. of
C. at
D. on
18.A. spirit
B. voice
C. appearance
D. attitude
19.A. as
B. if
C. as if
D. after
20.A. besides
B. except
C. instead
D. instead of
21.A. address
B. telephone
C. name
D. word
22.A. then
B. now
C. so
D. only
23.A. maths
B. chemistry
C. English
D. physics
24.A. among
B. for
C. from
D. of
25.A. something
B. anything
C. nothing
D. all
26.A. Really
B. Especially
C. Possibly
D. Truly
27.A. joy
B. sorrow
C. anger
D. excitement
28.A. interesting
B. interested
C. moving
D. moved
29.A. life
B. a life
C. much life
D. many lives
30.A. does
B. doesn’t
C. must
D. needn’t
31.A. praise
B. trust
C. advice
D. promise
32.A. speaking
B. spoke
C. telling
D. told
33.A. beginning
B. end
C. middle
D. time
34.A. again
B. just
C. too much
D. much too
35.A. on
B. of
C. with
D. at
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
A
Play is the important business of childhood, and more and more research in recent years has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From infancy (婴儿期), every child needs opportunity and the right materials for play, and the main tools of play are toys. Their main fun_ction is to suggest, encourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys, which children will play with them often, and will come back to again and again. Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child’s development.
In recent years research on infant development has shown the standard a child is likely to reach is largely determined in the first three years of his life. So a baby’s ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated (低估). A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully.
In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds (界线). Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability.
By the third stage of play development — from five to seven or eight years old — the child is at school. But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school. It is easier to see which type of toys the child most enjoys.
Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same to a child. But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become the main source of learning. Toys are still interesting and valuable, and they lead on to new hobbies, but their significance has changed to a child of nine or ten years, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.
36. According to the passage, when a child grows up ______.
he should be given fewer toys
he should choose his own toys
he should be given different toys
he should be given more and more toys
37. Who have the best chance to grow up successfully?
Those who grow up all by themselves.
Those who are given a lot of toys to play with.
Those who have playmates to share the toys they have.
Those who are given a lot of toys, talked to and played with.
38. According to the passage, a child is very curious when he is ______.
A. two years old B. four years old
C. six years old D. eight years old
39. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. the importance of schooling B. the role of play in a child’s development
C. the choice of toys for youths D. the importance of pre-school education
B
The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet(彗星) is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth.
On 17 July, a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth’s atmosphere with a massive explosion. About half of the piece is destroyed, but the remaining part hits the
South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound . The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed . Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole. The wall
of water, a kilometer high, rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned.
Before the waves reach South America, the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina. Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Mountains. The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes. Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, but the north won’t escape for long. Because of the explosions, the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero . Crops are ruined. The sun won’t be seen again for many years. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later, no more than 10 million people remain alive.
Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs(恐龙) were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space. The dinosaurs couldn’t live through the cold climate that followed and they died out. Will we meet the same end?
40. What is mainly described in the passage?
A. A history discovery. B. An event of imagination.
C. A research on space. D. A scientific adventure.41. When the first piece hits the South Atlantic, it causes _____.
A. an earthquake B. damages to cities
C. an Earth explosion D. huge waves
42. Why can’t the northern half of the earth escape for long?
Because the land is covered with water.
Because the light and heat from the sun can not reach the earth.
Because people there can not live at the temperature of zero.
Because wars break out among countries.
43. By giving the example of dinosaurs, the author tries to prove _____.
animals could not live in the cold climate
what happened 65 million years ago was an invented story
the human beings will die out in 2094
the Earth could be hit by other objects in space
C
Fresh Spring Around
“S.H.E. is going to sing at the CCTV annual Spring Festival Evening Party, is that true?” cried out Peng Weiye, a Senior 2 girl in Shanghai and die-hard S.H.E. fan.
After checking it on the Internet, Peng quickly phoned friends to spread the news. For fans like her, S.H.E’s performance is perhaps the only part of the old fashioned evening to get excited about.
The Taiwanese band is made up of Selina, Hebe and Ella. Their name comes from the first letter of each of the singers’ English names.
Last week S.H.E. announced they will perform in Las Vegas, US, over Christmas and then in Guangzhou on January 15.
At their Shanghai show on October 30, hundreds of parents waited outside the Hongkou Statdium. Inside, thousands of teenagers sang, cried and shouted as the band performed.
“I love their music, healthy image and everything related to them. Thank god that, although my parents don’t understand why I love them so much, they still bought me a ticket for that show,” said Peng about the Shanghai performance.
It is not just on the mainland that the three girls have thrilled (使……兴奋) audiences. In the past year the band has passed through Taiwan, Hongkong and even Singapore and Malaysia.
When the three high school girls entered a singing contest in Taiwan in 2000, none of them ever dreamed of being a superstar. “We had never met before, and we didn’t talk at all at the beginning,” recalled Ella.
When asked about the secret of their success, she said, “Our average looks and not-so-expensive clothes keep us close to our fans. We are happy to be the girl next door, your singing sisters.”
“It’s really a magical journey, from day-dreaming high school girls to singers performing on the same stage as our idols. Nothing but magical,” she said.
44. Why was Peng Weiye, a senior 2 girl, so excited? ________.
A. Peng Weiye will be met by S.H.E.
B. S.H.E. will perform in Las Vegas over Christmas.
C. Her parents bought her a ticket for S.H.E’s Shanghai show.
D. S.H.E. will perform on the annual CCTV Spring Festival Evening.
45. How did the Taiwanese band get the name? _______.
A. Their fans gave the name to them.
B. Their idols had a deep influence on them.
C. A singing contest gave their idea of the band name.
D. The first letter of each of the singers’ English names forms the band name.
46. What do you know about Peng Weiye?
A. She stayed outside the Hongkou Stadium to listen to S.H.E.’s performance.
B. She will watch the performance in Guangzhou on January 15.
C. She pays close attention to everything about S.H.E..
D. She was grateful that her parents understood her.
47. Which is true about S.H.E.?
A. The secret to their success is their pretty faces and expensive clothes.
B. They were close friends when they entered a singing contest.
C. They caused a storm of excitement in Southeast Asia.
D. They have well prepared to perform with their idols.
D
Now, we’re always hearing about road accidents(事故), and when we’re in a car we try to drive carefully, but how many of us take the same degree of care in our homes? Any large hospital will tell you the number of accidents that happen in the home is almost the same as those on the road. I don’t pretend to be an expert, but I’ve thought a lot about how and why these accidents happen and what we can do to prevent them.
One of the commonest and most dangerous causes of home accidents is wrong and careless use of electrical equipment(设备). People will continue to use a loose plug or pull out a plug without first turning off the power. In spite of warnings, one will carry an electric heater (电炉) into the bathroom when he is going to have a bath. Sometimes one forgets to cut off the power before mending a lamp or something else. All these will cause accidents. So the rule about anything that works by electricity is: Switch off before you touch anything and don’t pretend you know when you actually don’t.
If you’ve got children in the house, it’s always best to keep medicines of any kind out of their reach. Otherwise, they may be taken for candies or a new kind drink. When there are older people living with you, you have to take particular care in a number of ways in order to make them safe and happy.
Fire, of course, is always a risk. So, remember not to dry clothes in front of fires, or leave stoves in the middle of rooms where they can easily be knocked over. And don’t forget to keep the children away from fire. Smoking, too, may cause fire. So you’d better give it up.
Safety First may mean a little more time and care, but it may save you a lot of trouble.
48. The writer thinks the reason why there are so many accidents in our homes is that we are ___.
less careful in homes than in a car
B. more careful in our homes than in a car
C. as careful in our homes as in a car
D. not so careful in a car as in our homes
49. One of the most dangerous and commonest causes of home accidents is _____.
A. continuing to use loose plugs
B. taking a bath with an electric heater in the room
C. mending a lamp without cutting off the power
D. using electrical equipment in an improper way
50. The writer advises you ______ about the use of electrical equipment.
A. to appear as if you know everything
B. to pretend that you don’t know anything
C. to pretend that you know everything
D. not to think you know everything
51. It’s best to keep medicines in places that children can’t _____.
A. get on B. get to C. get in D. get over
E
If you walk slowly through downtown Helsinki(赫尔辛基) during the day, taking in the splendid 19th century buildings, white boats and noise of passing trams(有轨电车), you will start to understand why it is called a city of two colors: white and blue.
The sea is always present in Helsinki. When you take a walk over the great open space of the central square, you will hear seabirds screaming. When you take the tram, suddenly and unexpectedly, you are faced with a calm, shining blue sea. You may notice that people in Helsinki do not rush about as in other cities. Instead, they walk along the roads, politely letting other people by.
A usual way to see Helsinki for the first time is to start out by the boats. You will walk by the elderly women selling fish and vegetables in the market square and find yourself in front of a beautiful park. You may enjoy a pleasant walk in the park for a few hours and then take the tram. Trams are the perfect way to get around in Helsinki. Watching the old houses, parks, theatres, churches, shops, restaurants and people in the streets, you may have a slightly sad film feeling to it.
The pale summer nights are another wonder in the city. Following the waterfront(滨水区) of the city after sunset, you couldn’t help stopping and listening to the sweet silence, interrupted only by the screaming seabirds and leaving fishing boats.
However, in some way, Helsinki is also the most modern city in northern Europe. You will surely want to visit the white Glass Palace, the modern art museum, and all those extremely popular cafes and design stores.
52. Helsinki is called a city of two colors mainly because of the colors of its ______.
A. 19th century buildings, boats and parks
B. 19th century buildings, boats and seabirds
C. old houses, parks and trams
D. old buildings, boats and the sea
53. The best way to see most of Helsinki is to go ______.
A. by boat B. by bus C. by tram D. on foot
54. The 19th century buildings, the white Glass Palace, popular cafes and design shops in Helsinki all show that Helsinki is _____.
A. both splendid and traditional B. both quiet and noisy
C. both historical and modern D. both old and new
55. This passage is most likely to be found in ______.
A. a story-book B. a geography textbook
C. a research report D. a travel magazine
V．短文改错
此题要求改正所给短文的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断；如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个（√）； 如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：
此行多一词：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
此行缺一词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
此行错一词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错误的不要改。则在该行右边横线上画一个（√）。
A man with two bad burned ears went to see 56． _
his doctor. “What has happened on you?” asked the 57． _
doctor. “Well, my wife is ironing while 58． _
I was watching a ball game on TV. She put on the 59． _
hot iron near the telephone then my phone 60． _
rang. I answered the iron instead of the phone.” 61． _
The doctor nodded. “But what had 62． _
happened to other ear?” The man said, “Hardly had 63． _
I hanged up, when the same person called up 64． _
again.” The doctor can’t help laughing when he heard this.65． _
VI．书面表达
去年湖南卫视策划的“超级女声”节目热播，在很多观众特别是中学生中引起了很大的反响，上周末你班也为此展开了一场讨论。
观点
支持者
1．给一些平凡却爱唱歌的女孩子提供了一个展示才华的舞台
2．增强了她们的参与意识，竞争意识
反对者
1．花费了太多的时间和精力
2．因为不能集中精力学习，对她们未来自身的发展不利
你的观点
……
注意：1．行文应连贯，内容应完整；
2．题目和开头语已经给出；
3．词数100左右。
Super Girls’ Voice
Recently many people especially high school students have been fascinated by a singing competition “ Super Girls’ Voice”, which is held by Hunan TV Station .