情态动词
1. 情态动词的推测表达
2. 情态动词表达虚拟语气
3. 某些情态动词的特殊用法
知识重点与难点总结
知识重点：
情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用：
（一）用情态动词表达事实的推测。can，could，might，may，must可以用来表达对事实的推测。根据说话人对事实的把握性大小，must表示“肯定…”，may / might / can / could表示“可能……”， must只用于肯定句中，may / might的否定式may not / might not表示 “可能不……”, 而can / could可以用于疑问句，表示“可能，可能……吗 ”，其否定式can’t / couldn’t 表示“不可能”。用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推测。对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。
（二）对现在的事实进行推测：
主要结构：…must / may / might +动词原形
be+名词/形容词/介词短语
be + doing
例句：
1. You must be Jeanne. I’m Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well.
2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.
3. The teacher must be joking.
4. Freda isn’t in class. She must be sick.
5. There must be something wrong.
6. She might be very clever, but she hasn’t got much common sense.
7. He may be arriving this evening.
8. He may be traveling around the world.
9. The keys can’t be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully.
10. Can the news be true
（三）对过去的事实进行推测：结构：情态动词+have done / been+名词/形容词/介词短语
例句：
1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.
2. He couldn’t have seen Anna yesterday. She’s gone abroad.
3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library.
4. He might have overslept again.
5. Where can Tom have gone
情态动词表达虚拟语气：表达“本来…”，“不然早就…”。这是情态动词的一种虚拟语气用法。表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反。表达了说话人的埋怨，后悔的语气。其结构是在一些情态动词后面加 have done 结构。根据要表达的意思，有如下结构：
should have done / ought to have done：本应该……
shouldn’t have done / oughtn’t to have done：本不该……
could have done：本来可以……
needn’t have done：本来没必要……
would like to have done：本来很想……
would rather not have done: 本来不愿意……
could / might / have done: 不然早就……
例句：
1. You shouldn’t have laughed at his mistakes.
2. You could have told us earlier.
3. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.
4. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.
5. We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train.
6. They would like to have seen that film last film.
7. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him.
8. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.
知识难点：
某些情态动词的特殊用法：
need 和dare 的两种形式的用法
need 和dare可以用做实义动词，后面接不定式（to do）结构，在疑问句和否定句中，加助动词do/does/did/或don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。作为情态动词使用时，主要用于疑问句和否定句中。情态动词needn’t（没有必要，不必）相当于don’t have to
例句：
1. It is cold, you need to wear some warm clothes.
2. Need I stay here with you for a while Thank you, you needn’t.
3. How dare you speak to parents like that
注意：
句型I dare say+从句。 意思是：我肯定…… = I’m sure或There is no doubt that+从句。
例句：
I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die.
will和would
表示“意志”或“愿意”，would 则指过去愿意做……
例句：
1. He said that he would help us.
2. You may telephone if you will accept this job.
would可以表达“过去习惯做……”类似于“used to do”
例句：
1. When we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river.
表示请求，固定的句型：Will/Would you please do… / Would you like to do…
例句：Will/Would you please give him a message when you see him
shall
1. 用于第一，三人称，表示“请求”；“建议” 或“推荐”
例句：
1. Shall we start the meeting now
2. Shall I watch TV now
3. Shall my son carry the case for you
2. 用于第二人称，表示“命令，“要求”，“许诺”
例句：
1. You shall take whatever you like.
2. You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again.
在表示推测的否定句或疑问句中，常用can /can’t /could / couldn’t表示，意思是：“可能…吗 ”；“…不可能…”。而不能使用mustn’t或must等词。
【典型例题】
1. —Do you think he will do me a favor
—As far as I know, he is the last one to help others. He _____ be prepared to give you a hand, though.
A. might B. must C. can D. should
分析：本题考查情态动词推测性用法。 根据he is the last one to help others.（他是最不可能帮助别人的人），既然如此，那么“帮助你”的可能性也就最小了。 答案为A
2. —Look, someone is coming. Guess who it ____ be
—I think it ___ be Tom.
—I don’t think it ___ be ____ .
A. can ; must ; can ; he B. may ; can ; must ; him
C. must ; can ; must ; his D. might ; must ; can ; himself
分析：根据备选答案。 can表示推测时用于疑问句或否定句中。本题首句就应该是Guess who can it be 第二句应该是I think it must be Tom.（说话人十分肯定）。第三句表达了说话人对前一个人的否定。即：I don’t think it can be him/he.（不可能是他）。答案为A
3. —Do you know Ms. Wang likes walking after supper
—Sure. She ____ around the campus now.
A. must be walking B. must walk
C. may walk D. may be walking
分析：关键词Sure告诉我们说话人的口气十分肯定。根据句子语境：她此刻肯定正在校园散步呢。must be doing表示肯定正在做。答案为A
4. —I stayed at a hotel in New York.
—Oh, did you You _____ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would say D. must have stayed
分析：首句说：我在纽约住在一家宾馆里。在此a hotel是泛指。所以D选项不合题意。第二句在说：你本来可以和Barbara.住在一起的。Could have done表示：本来可以。答案为A
5. Why didn’t you tell me there was no meeting today I _____ all the way here through the heavy snow.
A. needn’t have driven B. can’t have driven
C. mustn’t have driven D. shouldn’t have driven
分析：根据句意：你为什么不告诉我今天没有会？我本来没必要冒着大雪开车跑这么多路。Needn’t have done表示本来没必要。答案为A
6. I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
分析：根据句意：我真的很担心你，你真不应该一句话都不说就离开家。“离开家”已经发生了。Should have done正好表达了本句的意思。答案为B
7. A：Are you coming to Jeff’s party
B：I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
分析：根据B的回答：我不一定去，我有可能去听音乐会。Might表示推测：可能。答案为D
8. A：I promise that she ____ get a nice present on her birthday.
B：Will it be a big surprise to her
A. should B. must C. would D. shall
分析：A说：“我答应她在生日聚会上她会得到一份生日礼物。shall表示许诺。答案为D
【模拟试题】
1. A：Is John coming by train
B：He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
2. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
3. Sorry, I’m late. I _____ have turned off the alarm and gone to sleep again.
A. might B. should C. can D. will
4. You _____ be tired—You’ve only been working for an hour.
A. must not B. won’t C. can’t D. may not
5. —I didn’t go to work yesterday afternoon because my car broke down.
—You _____ mine. I wasn’t using it.
A. might borrow B. could have borrowed
C. can have borrowed D. ought to borrow
6. —A man answered the phone. I suppose it was her husband.
—It _____ her husband. He has been dead for ages.
A. mustn’t be B. couldn’t have been
C. may not have been D. mustn’t have been
【试题答案】
1. 分析：根据B的回答“他应该（坐火车来），但是也不一定，他喜欢开自己的车。本题考查了情态动词的推测用法。may表示不十分有把握的推测。答案为D
2. 分析：根据句意：White先生本应该在8:30到这里出席会议的，可他（在8:30）没有到场。Should have done表示：本应该。答案为A
3. 分析：本句是说话人在解释迟到的原因：我或许是关掉闹钟又睡了。might have done 表示对过去的推测：可能已经……答案为A
4. 分析：根据后半句You’ve only been working for an hour.（你才刚干了一个小时）说明
You _____ be tired（你不可能很累），can’t 表示“不可能”答案为C
5. 分析：听到对方说“昨天车坏了而没去上班”，第二个人说“你本来可以借我的车去
上班。” 本来可以/能：could have done. 答案为B
6. 分析：第二个人是说：那个人不可能是她丈夫，因为她丈夫已经去世多年了。根据对
话的语境，是在谈论过去的事，表示过去不可能：could not have done 答案为：B
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5定语从句
1. 定语从句的结构及理解
2. 定语从句的关系词的使用
3. 定语从句的简化表达
知识总结归纳
（一）定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why）。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。
结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。
1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.
2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.
3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.
4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.
5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.
6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.
（二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：
限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。
非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。
1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.
2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.
3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.
4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.
（三）关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom.
1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.
2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.
知识重点与难点
（一）当先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是all, no, only等形式时，关系代词一般用that，而不能用which。
1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.
2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.
（二）当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，关系词用when, where, why 还有which, that
1. I’m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.
2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.
3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn’t tell the truth to me.
4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.
（三）定语从句的简化表达：
1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
3. The question that is being discussed is very important.
4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.
说明：以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来：
1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
3. The question being discussed is very important.
4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.
说明：修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用非谓语动词形式：doing短语，done短语，being done短语，to be done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：
1. 被修饰名词+doing短语： 正在做….的人/正在发生的事。
2. 被修饰名词+ done短语： 被…..的人/事
3. 被修饰名词+being done短语：正在被…..的人/事
4. 被修饰名词+ to be done短语：将要被…..的人/事
（1）Do you know the man talking to my sister
（2）The “crazy” gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you have a phone call” in Brazil.
（3）Did you see that car being repaired
（4）In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.
（5）The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.
（6）Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.
（7）The Yellow River, said to be “the mother river” runs across China like a huge dragon.
总结：以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的各种形式作定语。
1. 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。
2. 分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做，V-ed表示被动意义。being done表示正在被做的
3. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的，to be done表示将要被做的
【典型例题】
[例1] Friendship is needed by all, _____ plays an important role in people’s lives.
A. which B. that C. who D. it
分析：_____ plays an important role in people’s lives为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词Friendship用which连接定语从句。
答案：A
[例2] Uncle Li _____ I worked three years ago has retired now.
A. who B. whom C. with whom D. to whom
分析：_____ I worked three years ago作为定语从句修饰先行词Uncle Li，从句完整的表达是：I worked with Uncle Li three years ago. 所以关系词前应加上介词with。
答案：C
[例3] Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work
A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained
分析：定语从句_____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work修饰先行词the reason指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因。先行词在从句中做宾语。
答案：A
[例4] Teachers, _____ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before.
A. who B. that C. which D. whose
分析：非限定性定语从句_____ work is rather hard修饰先行词teachers, 它与从句中的work是从属关系，关系词用whose
答案：D
[例5 ] The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 BC, didn’t included women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be first playing
分析：公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会，直到1912年才容纳女运动员。_____in 776 BC做定语修饰The Olympic Games，指过去的内容，表示被动。用done做定语。
答案：C
[例6] The houses _____ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.
A. built B. to be built C. to build D. being built
分析：根据句意房子即将开工。_____ for the teachers and the construction work修饰The houses应为The houses The houses将要为教师和施工修建的房子。
答案：B
[例7] How many of us_____, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion
A. attended B. attending C. to attend D. have attended
分析：根据句意：比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢？_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us修饰How many of us做定语。与全句动作同步.
答案：B
[例8] She has three children, _____ is working in Australia.
A. who B. one of whom C. one of them D. none of them
分析：非限定性定语从句__ is working in Australia修饰先行词three children，根据从句中的is判断，是说：三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作。
答案：B
【模拟试题】
1. Susan is the very girl _____ the good deed.
A. whom I think did B. whom I think she did
C. who I think did D. I think who did
2. Luckily, the poor boy had enough money _____ he could buy a train ticket.
A. by which B. on which C. with which D. for which
3. The book _____ he devoted much time is to come out next month.
A. where B. which C. to which D. on which
4. The day came finally _____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play.
A. when B. in that C. which D. in which
5. 1. Don’t you think the question _____ tomorrow is of great importance.
A. being discussed B. discussed
C. to be discussed D. to discuss
6. The food _____ at the moment is for the dinner party.
A. cooked B. to be cooked C. is being cooked D. being cooked
7. Do you know the teacher _____ under the big tree
A. read B. reads C. reading D. being read
【试题答案】
1. C Susan 正是我认为作了好事的那位女孩。先行词the very girl在从句中做think的宾语，同时又是后面宾语从句did the good deed.的主语，所以关系词不能用whom
2. C 定语从句_____ he could buy a train ticket.修饰先行词money：用这笔钱买火车票。关系词前面需要加介词：with
3. C 定语从句_____ he devoted much time意思是：他把大量的时间都投入在这本书上了。devote….to sth.关系词前加介词：to
4. A 定语从句_____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play修饰先行词the day ：先行词the day在从句中做时间状语：在这一天我得到了扮演一个角色的机会。
5. C 短语_____ tomorrow做定语修饰the question，根据表达的内容：明天即将被讨论的问题。应当用不定式的被动结构做定语。
6. D 短语_____ at the moment做the food的定语,表示：正在做的食物。Being done 做定语表示：正在被……的……。
7. C 现在分词短语reading under the big tree做定语修饰the teacher 表示：正在大树下看书的那位老师。
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4主谓一致
知识总结归纳
（一）概述：
主语与谓语的一致：在英语表达中，谓语动词的形式要和主语的人称和数保持一致。主要体现在be动词，助动词do, have 以及一般现在时态中的动词形式。
谓语动词与主语保持一致的基本原则：语法一致，就近一致和意义一致。
名词或代词做主语有人称和单，复数之分，动词的单数就是第三人称单数形式，而动词的复数形式即动词的原形。
例句：
1. I am seventeen, and he is sixteen.
2. There is a desk in the room, but there are no chairs in it.
3. John gets up at six o’clock every morning.
4. What is the latest news about the Olympic Games
5. The family are sitting at the breakfast table.
（二）语法一致：
1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语：
（1）这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。
例句：
① My brother and I have both seen that film.
② Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
③ The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.
④ Reading, writing and arithmetic are called the three R’s.
（2）这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
① The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.
② War and peace is a constant theme in history.
③ One more knife and fork is needed.
④ The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.
⑤ Law and order has been established.
⑥ Bread and butter is our daily food.
⑦ Fish and chips is a popular fast food.
⑧ The stars and stripes is the national flag of U.S.A.
（3）这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
例句：
① Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt.
② No sound and no voice is heard.
③ Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.
④ Every minute and every second is precious.
2. 动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
① Reading is a great pleasure in life.
② To live means to create.
③ That we need more time is obvious.
④ What is needed is food and medicine.
3. 表示时间，金钱，距离，重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
① Three thousand miles is a long distance.
② Eight hours of sleep is enough.
4. 不定代词anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
① Is anybody going to tell him the news
② Someone wants to see you.
（三）就近原则
由连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, 连接的两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词和离它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。
例句：
1. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand.
2. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies.
3. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather.
4. George or Tom is wanted.
注意：There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。
例句：
1. There aren’t any letters in the mail for you today.
2. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk.
3. Here are some envelopes and paper for you.
名词后面带有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短语共同做主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。
例句：
1. All but one were here just now.
2. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift.
3. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.
4. You as well as I are wrong.
（四）意义一致
1. 代词none, neither, all的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定
例句：
（1）All hope has gone.
（2）All are agreed on this point.
（3）—Is there any milk in the fridge —No, there is none.
（4）None has returned from the meeting.
2. 集合名词group, class, family, army, enemy, team等名词的单，复数形式根据它们强调的内容而定。
例句：
（1）The class were all cheerful.
（2）The team were taking over some new plays.
（3）The group are reading the newspapers.
（4）The army is going to remain in this town.
（5）The army have rescued the travelers.
3. 限定词短语all of…; none of…; a lot of…; 以及分数/百分数+of ….修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时，谓语动词的形式由of 后面的名词形式决定。
例句：
（1）None of these suggestions are very helpful.
（2）I don’t think any of us wants to work tomorrow.
（3）Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries.
难点突破
1. 主谓一致的考查主要体现在单项选择和短文改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时，遇到这样的题时，要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑句子的时态和语态。
2. one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。 the only one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
Jim was one of the boys who were late for class.
Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class.
【典型例题】
[例1] E-mail, as well as telephones, _____ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
分析：带有as well as 短语的名词做主语时，谓语动词与这个名词的人称和数一致，不受as well as 短语内容的影响。E-mail是单数形式，故选择A。
[例2] Either John or his friends _____ to blame for the bad results.
A. are B. is C. was D. has been
分析：either…or..连接两个名词做主语时，其谓语动词与离它最近的名词的数和人称一致，本题中his friends 决定了谓语动词的形式，故选择A。
[例3] The conductor and composer _____ by a crowd of people.
A. are greeted B. is greeted C. greets D. have been greeted
分析：根据句意，主语部分的The conductor and composer 是指一个人即：乐队指挥兼作曲家， 所以主语的内容是单数形式，故选择B。
[例4] —The trousers _____ you well, madam.
—But the colour _____ me.
A. fit; don’t suit B. fits; doesn’t suit C. fits; don’t suit D. fit; doesn’t suit
分析：trousers, clothes, glasses,等名词本身就是复数形式。谓语动词用复数形式。Colour 是单数，谓语用单数，故选择D。
[例5] The Smith’s family, which _____ rather a large one, _____ very fond of their old house.
A. were; were B. was; were C. were; was D. was; was
分析：family指“家庭”为单数，指“家庭成员”为复数形式。第一空格前的which 指“家庭” 谓语用was. 第二空格后的fond of指“家庭成员喜欢他们的老房子” 谓语为were，故选择B。
[例6] He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
分析：当定语从句先行词是“one of +复数形式”时， 其后的从句谓语动词用复数形式。而当one之前有the only时， 定语从句则强调the only one，谓语动词用单数。另外，题目中的时间状语for three years表明从句的时态为现在完成时，故选择D。
[例7] Three fifths of the police _____ in the school near the town.
A. has trained B. have trained C. has been trained D. have been trained
分析：分数+名词做主语时，谓语动词的形式由分数所指的名词的形式（可数名词或不可数名词）决定，police 是集合名词为复数形式，根据句子意思，police 与train 为被动关系，应用被动语态，故选择D。
短文改错片段：
1. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.
分析：本句中主语Now my picture and the prize是复数形式，谓语动词is应改为are.
2. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once.
分析：本句第一行，根据全篇内容的语境，应当是一般现在时，所以谓语动词talked改为talk.第二行：根据句意：我们下课后立刻又成了陌生人。Stranger应当与主语we一致，改为复数形式，strangers.
3. But not all information are good to society.
分析：主语information是不可数名词，are应改为is
【模拟试题】
1. —Is there anybody in the classroom
—No, the teacher, together with the students _____ to the playground.
A. go B. went C. has gone D. have gone
2. —Are these your sheep
—No. Mine _____ on grass at the foot of the hill.
A. are feeding B. feed C. is fed D. is feeding
3. Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women _____ a very shy
girl with two bright eyes.
A. was B. are C. were D. there was
4. Mr. Bush, together with his wife and daughter _____ going to Japan next week.
A. are B. is C. will be D. would be
5. Not the teacher but the students _____ excited.
A. is B. has C. are D. have
6. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _____ all that I can spare to talk with you.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
7. _____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifths; are C. Two fifth; are D. Two fifths; is
【试题答案】
1. C
分析：本题考查的主谓一致的内容与上一题相同，从句子的语境判断，应当用现在完成时。
2. A
分析：mine指my sheep 为复数形式。是主动语态。
3. A
分析：本句为倒装句。主语是a very shy girl with two bright eyes.核心主语是a very shy girl，为单数，全句为过去时。
4. B
分析：全句的核心主语是Mr. Bush，为单数，全句为将来时。
5. C
分析：运用就近原则，谓语动词和主语the students 一致，此处为主系表结构，用be动词。
6. C
分析：主语ten minutes表示时间，被视为一个整体，为单数形式。全句是现在时。
7. D
分析：本句核心主语是land，为单数形式，同时注意分数的表达形式。
PAGE
1综合测试卷
【模拟试题】
第一卷（共75分）
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分15分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C二个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the woman going to do
A. Buy a gift for the man . B. Attend a birthday party . C. Choose shoes for herself .
2. What is the price of the chair
A. ＄15 . B. ＄50 . C. ＄65 .
3. Where was the woman waiting for the man
A. On the train . B. On the platform . C. At the information desk .
4. How does the man prefer to go to work
A. By car . B. By bus . C. On foot .
5. Why must the man go to the bank
A. He wants to save money .
B. He needs some money for business .
C. He has to get traveller’s cheques there .
第二节（共10小题；每题1分，满分10分）
听下面3段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。
6. What season is it now
A. It is spring . B. It is autumn . C. It is winter .
7. What do we know about the woman
A. She likes sports . B. She hates cold weather . C. She never does housework .
8. What is the weather like now
A. It is cloudy . B. It is sunny . C. It is snowy .
听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。
9. What is the relationship between the two speakers
A. Father and daughter . B. Master and servant . C. Husband and wife .
10. When does the conversation take place
A. In the morning . B. In the afternoon . C. In the evening .
11. What does the woman think of her life
A. It is hard and eventful . B. It is boring and dull . C. It is busy and colourful .
听第8段材料，回答第12至15题。
12. Where does the speaker’s voice come from
A. A cinema . B. A car park . C. An answerphone .
13. When will the Italian film be on next week
A. From Monday to Thursday . B. From Monday to Friday . C. From Monday to Sunday .
14. When will a student probably go to the cinema if he wants the cheaper ticket
A. On Monday . B. On Wednesday . C. On Friday .
15. What can we learn from the talk
A. A student ticket is half the price .
B. The cinema has a car park of its own .
C. Further information can be gained about the film .
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题；满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
16. She a German doctor . She has him for five years .
A. married ; married B. married with ; been married
C. married to ; married with D. married ; been married to
17. Hard work success and failure often laziness .
A. lies in ; leads to B. lies to ; depends on
C. leads to ; lies in D. depends on ; leads to
18. I couldn’t help but her the bad news . the news , tears kept rolling down her face .
A. telling ; Hearing B. tell ; When she heard
C. to tell ; To hear D. told ; Listening to
19. They can’t get well with each other because they have nothing .
A. on ; in all B. along ; after all C. along ; in common D. on ; at all
20. He’s considered a poor teacher and he’s considering his job .
A. to be ; quitting B. being ; quitting C. being ; to quit D. to be ; to quit
21. —How did you find your visit to the museum , Mary — .
A. A classmate showed me the way . B. I went there alone .
C. Oh , wonderful , indeed . D. By taking a No. 8 bus .
22. All the peace-loving people are against America’s bombing Iraq . They think Bush is lifting a stone it on his own feet .
A. only to have ; to B. having ; drop C. having ; dropping D. only to have ; dropped
23. He has lost all his that he got from his uncle who abroad .
A. possession ; was settled B. possessions ; settled
C. possessing ; settled D. possessions ; was settled
24. The boy used to by his father , and now he is not used to by his teacher .
A. be scolded ; being praised B. be scolded ; be praised
C. being scolded ; being praised D. being scolded ; be praised
25. We looked him as our trustworthy friend , to my , he gave me .
A. at ; joy ; in B. for ; doubt ; out C. on ; shock ; away D. at ; surprise ; off
26. —You throw that cigarette end on the grass . You start a fire .
—Sorry . anything about it .
A. shouldn’t ; may ; I wasn’t thinking B. mustn’t ; could ; I’m not thinking
C. needn’t ; can ; I never thought D. can’t ; might ; I had never thought
27. With so many difficult problems , the manager felt all the time .
A. to deal with ; worrying B. to deal with ; worried
C. to be dealt with ; worrying D. to be dealt with ; worried
28. Was at the air battle on June 8 , 1949 , was led by Captain Johnson
Peter lost his life
A. it ; that ; when B. that ; that ; who C. it ; which ; that D. it ; which ; when
29. Your time be made full use of the final exams , but , to my regret , it wasn’t .
A. should ; to pass B. might ; to have passed
C. must ; passing D. could ; having passed
30. —Did you the concert yesterday evening
—Sorry , I forgot and I didn’t have enough time . I regret my homework earlier .
A. attend ; not to finish B. join ; not finishing
C. take part in ; having not finished D. attend ; not having finished
第二节：完形填空，A/B二选一（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（A）
In learning a foreign language , it’s 31 one should first pay attention to speaking , 32 is the groundwork of reading and writing . So it is 33 better to try to talk even though you 34 make mistakes . But be careful not to let the ease 35 which you talk and understand other people prevent you 36 your use of the language . While you are doing this , a good exercise is to write-keep a diary , write notes , letters , or articles , then if you can , 37 someone to go through 38 you have written and tell you where it is wrong . Many mistakes that 39 unnoticed when you are talking become obvious when you write . Through analyzing（分析）and correcting the mistakes you make , you can do better in learning a language .
If you are 40 in speech , don’t worry . One of the ways 41 which you can help yourself towards fluency（流畅）is by reading , either 42 or to yourself . The important thing is to choose something to read 43 is not too difficult for you , and that really interests you . When you are reading in this way , don’t stop to look 44 words if you can guess their meanings or if 45 of any importance in the sentence . You can do that some other time .
31. A. speak B. being told C. talk D. said
32. A. which B. that C. what D. whenever
33. A. many B. much C. more D. very
34. A. must B. should C. have to D. do
35. A. in B. for C. with D. to
36. A. to perfect B. to perfecting C. from perfect D. from perfecting
37. A. make B. get C. let D. have
38. A. that B. which C. what D. with
39. A. past B. pass C. passed D. go
40. A. slow B. slowly C. foolish D. stupid
41. A. with B. in C. at D. for
42. A. loud B. loudly C. aloud D. louder
43. A. that B. which C. what D. /
44. A. at B. into C. up D. out
45. A. it is B. it is not C. they are D. they are not
（B）
Chinese scientists are again becoming excited about the fact that a large hairy animal may live in central China . Now they hope it won’t be too long before they are able to 31 its existence . Their confidence is the 32 of a new discovery of the mystery animal in Hubei Province .
Ten Chinese 33 , enjoying a holiday in a National Forest Park , were driving down a road . As their bus turned a corner , the men were 34 by what they saw . Three 35 animals , covered with long dark hair , were crossing the road . On seeing the animals , the engineers immediately stopped and 36 them . 37 , when they saw how the animals moved through the forest with great 38 and strength , they did not dare to follow any further .
The men did not take any 39 . However scientists are 40 by the discovery . Because the engineers were all very educated people and scientists feel they can 41 what they described .
After the discovery scientists returned to the forest and 42 some hair and measured footprints . About 20 inches appears to be the length of the animal’s foot ! Chinese scientists have now set up a special group to exchange information and make a 43 of the forest . But in the meantime some people 44 to believe that this half-man half-monkey exists . They will not believe that it is 45 until one of the animals has been caught .
31. A. check B. analyze C. protect D. prove
32. A. result B. requirement C. basis D. preparation
33. A. travellers B. engineers C. scientists D. explorers
34. A. frightened B. inspired C. upset D. amazed
35. A. trained B. rejected C. tall D. violent
36. A. shot at B. looked at C. fought with D. ran after
37. A. Indeed B. However C. Meanwhile D. Anyway
38. A. difficulty B. care C. speed D. pleasure
39. A. bullets B. photographs C. medicines D. tools
40. A. delighted B. surprised C. disturbed D. supported
41. A. deal with B. rely on C. write down D. pass on
42. A. cut B. pulled C. collected D. tore
43. A. study B. tour C. choice D. film
44. A. come B. prefer C. refuse D. have
45. A. wrong B. alive C. correct D. real
第三部分：阅读理解，D/ E二选一（共20小题；每题1.5分，满分30分）
（A）
The famous director of a big and expensive movie planned to film a beautiful sunset over the ocean so that the audiences could see his hero and heroine in front of it at the end of the film as they said goodbye to each other for ever . He sent his camera crew（摄制组）out one evening to film the sunset for him .
The next morning he said to the men , “ Have you provided me with that sunset ”
“ No , sir . ” the men answered .
The director was angry . “ Why not ” he asked .
“ Well , sir , ” one of the men answered . “ we’re on the east coast here , and the sets in the west . We can get you a sunrise over the sea , if necessary , but not a sunset . ”
“ But I want a sunset ! ” the director shouted . “ Go to the airport . take the next flight to the west coast , and get one . ”
But then a young secretary had an idea . “ Why don’t you photograph a sunrise . ” she suggested . “ and then play it backwards Then it’ll look like a sunset . ”
The camera crew went out early the next morning and filmed a bright sunrise over the beach in the middle of a beautiful bay（海湾）. Then at nine o’clock they took it to the director . “ Here it is sir . ” they said , and gave it to him . He was very pleased .
They all went into the studio（摄影棚）. “ All right . ” the director explained . “ now our hero and heroine are going to say good-bye . Run the film backwards so that we can see the ‘ sunset behind them . ’ ”
The “ sunset ” began , but after a quarter of a minute , the director suddenly put his face in his hands and shouted to the camera crew to stop .
The birds in the film were flying backwards . and the waves on the sea were going away from the beach .
46. One evening , the director sent his camera crew out .
A. to watch a beautiful sunset B. to find an actor and an actress
C. to film a scene on the sea D. to meet the audience
47. Why did the director want to send his crew to the west coast
A. Because he changed his mind about getting a sunset .
B. Because he wanted to get a scene of sunset .
C. Because it was his secretary’s suggestion .
D. Because he was angry with his crew .
48. Which of the following is NOT true
A. The crew had to follow the secretary’s advice .
B. If you want to see a sunrise , the east coast is the place to go to .
C. The camera crew wasn’t able to film the scene the first day .
D. The director ordered his crew to stop filming the “ sunset ” .
49. The director wanted to film a sunset over the ocean because .
A. it went well with the separation of the hero and the heroine
B. when they arrived at the beach it was already in the evening
C. it was more moving than a sunrise
D. the ocean looked more beautiful at sunset
50. After the “ sunset ” began , the director suddenly put his face in his hands .
A. because he was moved to tears
B. as he saw everything in the film moving backwards
C. as the sunrise did not look as beautiful as he had imagined
D. because he was disappointed with the performance of the hero and heroine
（B）
During the summer holidays there will be a revised（修改过的）schedule（时刻表）of services for the students . Changes for dining-room and library service hours and for bus schedules will be posted on the wall outside of the dining hall . Weekly film and concert schedules which are being arranged will be posted each Wednesday outside of the student club .
In the summer holidays , buses going to the town center will leave the main hall every hour on the half hour during the day . The dining room will serve three meals a day from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. during the week and two meals from noon to 7:00 p.m. on weekends the library will continue its usual hours during the week but have shorter hours on Saturday and Sundays . The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00 p.m.
All students who want to use the library borrowing services must have a new summer card . This announcement will also appear in the next week’s student newspaper .
51. The main purpose of this announcement is to .
A. tell students of important schedule changes .
B. tell students of new bus and library services .
C. show the excellent services for students .
D. ask students to renew their library cards .
52. At which of the following times will the bus leave the main hall
A. 8:00 , 9:00 , 10:00 , 11:00 B. 8:30 , 9:30 , 10:30 , 11:30
C. 8:30 , 9:00 , 9:30 , 10:00 D. 8:00 , 9:30 , 11:00 , 12:30
53. Times for films and concerts are not listed in this announcement because .
A. they are not to be announced B. they are hard to arrange
C. the full list is not ready D. the full list is too long
54. In the summer holidays , the library will have .
A. no special hours B. special hours on weekdays
C. special hours on weekends D. special hours both on weekdays and weekends
55. We may infer that during the summer holidays .
A. the student newspaper will sell more copies
B. there will be a concert or a film once a week
C. many students will stay in the university
D. no breakfast will be served on weekends
（C）
It gives great pleasure today to say a few words in praise of a man we will all miss very much . To be honest , I can’t imagine we will do without him when he’s gone .
Bill Masters almost single-handed built up our sales force in the Houston area and developed the marker position that we enjoy today . In only six years , he has brought the firm from a very low fifth position in the area sales to the point where we now outsell all but one of our competitors .
Not only have we got 37 percent of the market under Bill’s leadership ; we are increasing our share with each passing month .
As you know , the company has moved Bill to northern California to work his sales magic in one of this company’s most competitive areas . But we know that if anyone can do it , Bill Masters can , and I know you all join me in wishing him the best of luck in his new work .
56. The speech was made .
A. at a welcome meeting B. at the opening of a new school term
C. when somebody was leaving D. when they had a new manage
57. The speaker .
A. was not sure whether they could manage their work in the future
B. couldn’t believe that the man would be gone
C. was certain to do their work better in the future
D. thought that they would do even worse
58. How long did Bill Master work there .
A. 37 years B. About six years
C. Less than five years D. Since he began to work
59. When Bill started to work in Houston area , he had to help him .
A. many people B. nobody C. about 37 people D. very few people
60. Bill increased the company’s sale .
A. by 37 percent every month B. to the second largest in the area
C. to be the fifth largest in the area D. five times as much as before
（D/ E 二选一）
The easy way out isn’t always easiest . I learned that lesson when I decided to treat Doug , my husband of one month , to a special meal . I glanced through my cookbook and chose a menu which included homemade bread . Knowing the bread would take time , I started on it as soon as Doug left for work . As I was not experienced in cooking , I thought if a dozen was good , two dozen would be better , so I doubled everything . As Doug loved oranges . I also opened a can of orange and poured it all into the bowl . Soon there was a sticky dough covered with ugly yellowish marks . Realizing I had been defeated , I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn’t have to face Doug laughing at my work . I went on preparing the rest of the meal , and , when Doug got home , we sat down to Cornish chicken with rice . He tried to enjoy the meal but seemed disturbed . Twice he got up and went outside , saying he thought he heard a noise . The third time he left , I went to the window to see what he was doing . Looking out , I saw Doug standing about three feet from the rubbish bin , holding the lid up with a stick and looking into the container . When I came out of the house , he dropped the stick and explained that there was something alive in our rubbish bin . Picking up the stick again , he held the lid up enough for me to see . I felt cold . But I stepped closer and looked harder . Without doubt it was my work . The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast make the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing . It looked like some unknown being from outer space . I could see why Doug was so shaken . I had to admit what the ‘living thing’ was and why it was there . I don’t know who was more embarrassed by the whole thing-Doug or me .
61. The writer’s purpose in writing this story is .
A. to tell an interesting experience
B. to show the easiest way out of a difficulty
C. to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman
D. to explain the difficulty of learning to cook form books
62. Why did the woman’s attempt at making the bread turn out to be unsuccessful
A. The canned orange had gone bad .
B. She didn’t use the right kind of flour .
C. The cookbook was hard to understand .
D. She did not follow the directions closely .
63. Why did the woman put the dough in the rubbish bin
A. She didn’t see the use of keeping it .
B. She meant to joke with her husband .
C. She didn’t want her husband to see it .
D. She hoped it would soon dry in the sun .
64. What made the dough in the bin look frightening
A. The rising and falling movement . B. The strange-looking marks .
C. Its shape . D. Its size .
65. When Doug went out the third time , the woman looked out of the window because she was
.
A. unhappy that he didn’t enjoy the meal
B. curious to know what disturbed him
C. surprised at his being interested in the bin
D. afraid that he would discover her secret
（E）
One day an ordinary dog appeared in the ticket office at Campiglia , a busy railroad station on Italy’s main line . A ticket agent named Elvio greeted the strange dog in a friendly way , so the dog decided to stay . From that day on , the dog became Elvio’s shadow and was named Lampo .
Lampo kept Elvio company（陪伴）inside the ticket office . When the Weather was warm , he would enjoy himself in the sun on the train platform . When it came time for Elvio to return home on the train night , Lampo ran after the train for a long way and then sadly gave up and went back to the station .
One night as Elvio was riding home on the train , he noticed that Lampo was lying at his feet . Afraid that the conductor would see the dog on the train and shout at him , Elvio pushed Lampo under a seat . Luckily , the conductor did not notice the Lampo boarded the last train and met his family . Then , after a short visit , Lampo boarded the last train and went back to the station . Lampo quickly learned all of the train schedules . He would ride home from work with Elvio every night and then ride back to the station alone . Every morning , lampo arrived at Elvio’s house in time to walk his young daughter , Mivna , to school . The faithful dog would then take another train to Campiglia to spend time with his master , then travel again to accompany Mivna home from school at 11:30 .
Soon , Lampo began to take the trains all over Italy. Lampo became famous among the men who worked on the railroad , as his journeys became more frequent , complicated and mysterious . No one could explain why he traveled or how he always found the right train back to Campiglia . People decided that Lampo was a unique dog .
Some fo the railroad officials were against Lampo’s illegal travels . They were afraid he would bite a passenger or cause some other problems . Finally , the stationmaster threatened to call the dogcatcher if Elvio didn’t get rid of the dog .
Elvio decided to put Lampo on a train going as far away as possible . Months went by and Lampo did not come back . Mivna missed him very much and prayed for his return . Finally one day , a sad , very thin , tired Lampo returned to Elvio’s office . Everyone , even the stationmaster , was sorry about what had happened . From then on , Lampo was allowed to ride the trains whenever he wanted . After seven years , Lampo grew old , and he began to need Elvio’s help to board the train .
One day Lampo was seen lying dead on the tracks . A year later , a life-sized statue of Lampo was set up at Campiglia station .
61. The first time Lampo took the train , Elvio was .
A. afraid the conductor would see him and be angry
B. excited that Lampo would soon meet his family
C. afraid the dog would bite someone
D. delighted that he was lucky
62. Lampo’s traveling all over Italy caused people to believe that .
A. he could read the train schedules B. Elvio secretly helped him
C. he was famous in the country D. he was a very special dog
63. The stationmaster threatened that if Elvio didn’t get rid of the dog , .
A. Elvio would be fired B. Lampo would be put on the train tracks
C. a dogcatcher would be called D. the stationmaster would send him away
64. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the story
A. The dog died when he was seven years old .
B. The dog finally won the stationmaster’s heart .
C. The dog was faithful to his master .
D. The dog was once sent away by Elvio .
65. The author suggests that a statue of Lampo was set up because .
A. the stationmaster felt sorry about what had happened
B. Elvio offered money to set up the statue
C. it would bring good luck to the town
D. he had been a friend to travelers
第二卷（共25分）
V. 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分；满分10分）
If you walk around in some public places ,
you will notice most of smokers are young people 66.
and some are still middle school students . It is 67.
said that in China the number of people smoking
are about 45% . Why do so many people smoke Some 68.
think smoking gives themselves pleasure . Some even 69.
think that smoking can refresh them . In the fact , 70.
smoking is a bad habit that makes great harm to 71.
people’s health . Studies of smoking show that many 72.
kinds of diseases have anything to do with smoking. 73.
Smoking itself is a waste , that costs one so much 74.
money . Besides , many fires are often causing by 75.
careless smokers . Today more and more people all
over the world want to give up smoking . If you are
not a smoker , never start .
VI. 完成或翻译句子：（满分15分，1—6题各1.5分，7—9题各2分）
1. I heard （隔壁那对新婚夫妇吵了整整一个晚上）
2. A smile （能帮我们度过难关，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友）
3. 做进出口贸易很具有挑战性。
4. 新扩建的广场恰好是未扩建时的五倍之大。
5. 他的老师和家长都没法说服他改变主意。（Neither…nor…）
6. 一个集教育与娱乐于一身的样板主题公园就是香港的海洋公园。
7. 为了尽可能地充分利用土地，两种或更多种类的庄稼在可以种植的地方播种。
8. 传统相声表演可以追溯到秦朝，目前仍然是使人们开心的主要艺术形式之一。
（9/10二选一）
9. 从二十世纪八十年代中期以来，越来越多的亚洲人定居在新西兰，他们大约占总人口的6%。
10. 毛利人聚合的地点通常是在麦利会场，这是一个有会议堂倌的开阔地，重要的事件均在此地举行。
【试题答案】
I. 听力
1—5 ACCAC 6—10 CBACA 11—15 BCABC
II. 单选
16—20 DCBCA 21—25 CDBAC 26—30 ABCAD
III. 完型
31—35 DABDC 36—40 DBCBA 41—45 BCACD
IV. 阅读
46—50 CBDAB 51—55 ABBCD 56—60 CABDB 61—65 ADCAD
V. 改错
66. 去掉of 67. still—even 68. are—is 69. themselves—them
70. 去掉the 71. makes—does 72. right 73. anything—something
74. that—which 75. causing—caused
VI. 完成或翻译句子：（满分15分，1—6题各1.5分，7—9题各2分）
1. I heard the newly married couple next door quarrelling the whole night .
2. A smile can（help us）get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers .
3. It is challenging to do import and export business .
4. The newly broadened square is exactly five times as large as / the size of the previous / old / unbroadened one .
5. Neither his teacher nor his parents are able to persuade him to change his mind .
6. A good example of a theme park that both educates and entertains is Ocean Park , in Hong Kong .
7. In order to make full use of the land , two or more kinds of crops are planted each year in the place where it is possible for them to grow .（To make as much use of the land as possible , two or more crops are planted each year where possible .）
8. Dating back to the Qin Dynasty , the traditional crosstalk shows（or xiangsheng shows ）is still one of the main Chinese art forms to entertain people .
9. Since the mid-1980s growing numbers of Asians have settled in New Zealand , and they make up about six percent of the total population .
10. The common meeting place for Maori is on the Marae , an area of land with a meeting house , where all important events take place .
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1与it有关的主要句型
it强调句型
知识总结归纳：
（一）it用做形式主语或形式宾语：根据句子结构的需要，it用做形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语或宾语（to do 短语，doing短语，名词性从句）则放在句尾。
主要句型：
It’s +形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句
to do sth.
doing sth.
find / make / think / feel it +形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句
to do sth.
doing sth.
例句：
1. It will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English .
2. It’s usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs .
3. It’s a pity that I didn’t think of it earlier.
4. It’s no use going there so early.
5. Out teacher thinks it no good learning without practice.
6. Didn’t I make it clear to you that I was not coming
7. We found it strange that no one would take the money.
（二）其他句型
1. It takes+时间段+sb.+ to do sth.
2. 表示“据说，据报道，/人们认为/相信/建议等
It’s said that…….
It’s reported that ……
It’s believed/thought/suggested that……
例句：
1. It generally takes time to reach this point—being on the same wavelength .
2. It is believed that the two children went off exploring（探险）on their own and get stuck on the cliff .
3. It’s suggested that we should have a meeting to discuss the problem .
4. It was once predicted（预测）that British and American English would become separate languages finally .
（三）it在强调句型中：在英语中，为了突出强调句子的某一个成分（谓语除外），达到强调或使听话人特别注意这一部分的目的。便形成了一种强调句型。
It is / was+被强调的部分+that / who+句子的其他部分。
It is / was not until+时间+that+句子的其他部分。
例句：
1. I saw John on my way to school this morning.
It was John who/that I saw on my way to school this morning.
It was on my way to school that I saw John this morning.
It was this morning that I saw John on my way to school.
2. It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night.
3. It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began.
4. It was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that frightened me so much .
5. It was the kindness and sympathy in their eyes that prevented me from doing so .
知识难点：
（一）注意强调句型的变形，即以一般疑问句或特殊疑问句的形式出现的强调句型。
1. What is it that Joe can’t find in the bathroom
2. Where was it that you met the foreign guests from Australia
3. I can’t quite remember when it was that we married.
4. Was it because he was very ill that he asked for leave
（二）是强调句型还是that主语从句或其他复合句
1. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
2. It is these poisonous products that can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.
3. It was almost ten o’clock when our soldiers came back from the front.
4. Was it in this place that the last king died
（三）注意强调句型中被强调部分带有定语从句
Was it at the air battle on June 8, 1944, which was led by Captain Johnson that Peter lost his life.
【典型例题】
一. 单项选择：
1. I don’t think possible to master a foreign language without much memory.
A. this B. that C. its D. it
分析：本题考查it做形式宾语的句型。“我认为没有大量的记忆掌握一门外语是不可能的。”故选择D
2. Does matter if he can’t finish the job on time
A. this B. that C. he D. it
分析：本题考查it做形式主语的句型：如果他没能按时完成工作的话，这很要紧吗？故选择D
3. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but didn’t help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
分析：本题考查it的代词用法。It指上一句的内容：Tom的母亲始终告诉他应该努力学习。 故选择D
4. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
分析：本题考查it做形式主语的句型：英语正在作为一种国际性语言被接受是一个事实。选择D
5. It was in the small house ___ was built with stones by his father ___he spent his childhood.
A. which ; that B. that ; where
C. which ; which D. that ; which
分析：本题考查带有定语从句的强调句型用法。句中：“___ was built with stones by his father的定语从句。被强调的部分是in the small house ___ was built with stones by his father。根据句意：他正是在他父亲用石头盖的房子里度过了他的童年。故选择A
二. 单句改错：
1. That is said that this novel has been translated into several languages.
分析：根据句意：据说这部小说已经被译成多种语言。表示据说，应当说：It is said that…。That改为：It
2. Is this your turn to clean the blackboard
分析：根据句意：该轮到你擦黑板了吧？ 轮到某人做某事：It is one’s turn to do….This 改为：it
3. It is known to everyone, the moon travels around the earth once every month.
分析：表示“众所周知”可以说：It is known to everyone that+陈述句。或：As is known to everyone，+陈述句。It 改为：As, 或去掉“，”加连词that
4. The official made this clear that he would do everything possible to solve the problem.
分析：根据句意：这位官员宣布将尽一切力量解决这个问题。固定结构应当是：make it clear that+陈述句。It在此是形式宾语。This改为：it
5. It was in the park where the old couple told me their love story.
分析：根据句意可以知道本句用了强调句型，强调地点：in the park 所以按照强调句型的结构where改为：that
6. Although we can’t see them, there is air around us.
分析：句中的代词them根据句意应当指代后面的air，但air是不可数名词，因此them改为：it
三. 翻译句子：
1. 直到星期三我才给办公室去电话。
分析：表达“直到……才……”可以用not…until…引导的时间状语从句；也用强调句型；或倒装句。
翻译：
（1）I didn’t telephone the office until Wednesday.
（2）It was not until Wednesday that I telephoned the office.
（3）Not until Wednesday did I telephone the office.
2. 只有当我们看不清楚的时候，我们才意识到我们眼睛的重要性。
分析：本句可以用强调句表达，也可以用倒装句：
翻译：
（1）It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are.
（2）Only when we cannot see perfectly do we realize how important our eyes are.
3. It was in surgery that the results of that discovery were obtained, and it was there that the battle between the new idea and the old prejudices was fought out most dramatically.
翻译：那些发现的成果是在外科医学中获得的，也正是在那里，新思想与旧偏见用最富有戏剧性的方式展开了战斗。
【模拟试题】
一. 单项选择：
1. Nobody thinks very polite to be always cutting in when another person is talking.
A. that B. this C. it D. there
2. I was disappointed with the film, I had expected to be much better.
A. this B. that C. one D. it
3. He tore up my photo and upset me.
A. this B. it C. which D. what
4. It was with great courage the boy told the truth he had stolen the money.
A. which ; that B. when ; what
C. as ; that D. that ; that
5. When I try to find that prevents so many people from taking part in the program, it seems to me that there are two main causes.
A. what it does B. what it is
C. why it does D. why it is
6. Nancy is expecting another baby and hopes will be a boy.
A. he B. that C. it D. there
二. 句型转换：
将下列陈述句按划线的内容变为强调句。
1. The children often help their parents do the farm work.
2. In 1993, a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before.
3. The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is the shortage of arable land.
4. Future agriculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional methods.
三. 阅读理解：
A
It is important to know another language and how to communicate without words when you are in another country. Before saying anything, people communicate with each other by using gestures（手势）. However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.
In the United States, nodding your head up and down means “yes”, while in some pats of Greece and Turkey, it means “no”. In the southeast of Asia, it is a polite way of saying “I heard you”.
Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad. Also putting your clasped（紧握的）hands up above your head means “I am the winner.” It is the sign which players often make. In Russia it is the sign of friendship.
In the USA, holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger（食指）, and the other three straight means “Everything is OK.” In France, it means “You are worth nothing.”
It is also important to make eye communication. If you look down when talking to an American, he or she may feel that you are shy, or you are trying to hide something.
Besides these, you should also know there are some topics that can not be talked about, such as age, weight and marriage. You can talk about the weather, work, sports, food, where one lives and news of the day.
1. Which of the following is true
A. People all over the world only communicate by words.
B. Many gestures either have different meanings or no meanings at all.
C. Gestures are the most common way to communicate.
D. People can talk about anything in another country.
2. In Greece nodding your head means “_________.”
A. Yes. B. No
C. I heard you D. I am the winner
3. Putting the thumb up should not be used in _____.
A. Greece B. the USA C. England D. China
4. What does this sentence mean “….your action can speak louder than your words”
A. What you do is better than what you say.
B. You try your best to be polite.
C. You are better understood by your gestures than through your words.
D. What you say is better than what you do.
5. The main idea of the passage is that when you are in another country, _____.
A. it is important to know the language.
B .it is important to know what you talk about to a foreigner.
C. to know how to communicate without words is as important as to know the language.
D. to communicate through gestures is more important than to know the language.
B
“In the old days,” as one wife said. “ The husband was the husband and the wife was the wife.” In the past husbands each had their own way of going on. The wives’ jobs were to look after them.
“The wives wouldn’t stand for it nowadays. Husbands help with the children now. They stay more, as well as have more interest, at home.” We shall give some examples of what husbands do, firstly in sharing work with their wives; and secondly, in their largely independent domain（领域）of house repairs.
“Some husbands, as well as doing much of the heavy work in the home, carrying the coals, and emptying the rubbish, act as assistants to their wives for at least part of the day.” Mr. Hammond washes up the dishes every night and lays the breakfast for the morning. Mr. Clark said that on Sunday mornings he usually hovered（吸尘）around and read plays aloud for his wife while she did a bit of washing. Mr. Davis polishes the floors and helps to make the beds at weekend, and during weekdays, takes the dog out for one of his twice-daily walks. So it goes on….
1. The expression “act as assistants to their wives” means that ____.
A. husbands read plays aloud.
B. husbands are paid by their wives.
C. husbands help their wives.
D. husbands look after their sick children.
2. the meaning of the wife’s words at the beginning of the passage were that ____.
A. in the past men stayed at home all day.
B. in the past there was a clear division of role in the family.
C. in the past most boys and girls were married at an early age.
D. in the past wives and husbands lived separately.
3. What does Mr. Davis do at weekends
A. He cleans the floors and makes the beds.
B. He reads plays aloud and does the weekly shopping.
C. He cooks food for his wife.
D. He takes the dog out for a walk.
4. In the past, the woman’s main job was to ___.
A. take the children to school.
B. take care of their husband.
C. do the washing up.
D. dig the garden.
5. The passage is mainly about____.
A. the division of husbands, wives and children.
B. how to get on well between husbands and wives.
C. the relationship between husband, wives and children.
D. the relationship between husband and wives today.
【试题答案】
一. 单项选择：
1. C，it在句中做形式宾语。句型为think it +形容词+to do something
2. D，it在句中作为代词指代前面说的film
3. B，it作为代词指代前面He tore up my photo这件事。
4. D，这是一个带有同位语从句的强调句，“这个男孩怀着极大的勇气说出了他偷东西的真相。he had stolen the money.做the truth的同位语从句，用that引导。
5. B，这是一个强调句的变形，强调句变成了特殊疑问句又做find的宾语从句，what是被强调的内容。根据句义：我在努力发现到底是什么阻止了这么多人参加这个项目。
6. C，Nancy很快又要有一个孩子了，她希望这是个男孩。指代baby用代词it
二. 句型转换：
1. It is the children that often help their parents do the farm work.
2. It was In 1993 that a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before.
3. It is the shortage of arable land that the biggest problem of Chinese farmers is
4. It is high technology as well as traditional methods that future agriculture should depend on.
三. 阅读理解：
A
答案与分析：
1. B 细节判断题，根据第一段However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.可以得知：许多手势在某些地区要么有着不同的含义要么根本就没有任何意义。
2. B 根据第二段内容可以得知点头在希腊某些地区的含义。
3. A 根据第三段：Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad.可以得知树大拇指在希腊的含义不同于在美国。它是“不好”的表示，不应使用。C，D两项文章没有涉及。
4. C 语句理解。根据第一段内容：人们在国外与人交流要么懂得外语，要么学会使用手势交流。所以说“通过手势动作比通过语言能更好地被人理解。
5. C 考查文章的主旨。第一段第一句交代了文章的主题。
B
答案与分析：
1. C，根据第三段：“Some husbands, as well as doing much of the heavy work in the home, carrying the coals, and emptying the rubbish, act as assistants to their wives for at least part of the day.” 可以得知丈夫在也帮助他们的妻子。
2. B，根据第一段可以知道：在过去，在家庭中夫妻各有分工，充当各自的角色。
3. A，根据最后一段：Mr. Davis polishes the floors and helps to make the beds at weekend, and during weekdays, takes the dog out for one of his twice-daily walks.可以得出结论。
4. B，根据第一段：The wives’ jobs were to look after them.可以知道过去妻子的任务。
5. D，考查文章的主旨：从全文内容上看，文章讲述了夫妻在家中的关系。
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