直接引语与间接接引语互变中人称变化专题[下学期]

直接引语与间接接引语互变中人称变化专题
一、变间接引语
1、直接引语中出现第一人称代词，变为间接引语时，第一人称应该为和主句中主语一致的人称。简称”一主”。如：
1）“I’m going to Beijing next week,” I told her.
→ I told her that I was going to Beijing the next week.
2）“I worked out the problem myself.” he said.
→ He said that he had worked out the problem himself.
注：当直接引语中出现第一人称复数时，应视情况而定有无变化。一般来说，当第一人称复数既包括说话者又包括听话者时，不变；不包括听话这时，应该为和主句中主语一致的人称。如：
1）My mother said to me, “We’ll move to Nanjing.”（we包括说话者和听话者）
→My mother told me that we would move to Nanjing.
2） The boy in Class One said to the students in Class Two, “We are going to have a test this week.”
→The boy in Class One told the students in Class Two that they were going to have a test that week.（一班的学生进行测验，而二班的学生不参加。）
2、直接引语中出现第二人称代词，变为间接引语时，第二人称应该为和主句中的宾语一致的人称。简称”二宾”。如：
1）He said to me, “Do you understand what I said ”
→He asked me if I understood what he had said.
2）He asked you, “How did you find your way here ”
→He asked how you had found your way there.
3）“How long did it take you to finish the operation ” I asked the doctor.
→I asked the doctor how long it had taken him to finish the operation.
注：A、当主句中无宾语时，直接引语中的第二人称一般改为第一人称的相应形式。如：
1）“Are you going to your home town this summer ” the boy asked.
→The boy asked (me) if I was going to my home town that summer.
2）She said, “Can you go with me ”
→She asked (us \ me) if we \ I could go with her.
B、当直接引语中有呼语时，直接引语中的第二人称应该为和呼语一致的人称，并将呼语作为主句的宾语。如：
1）Bob said, “Have seen my wallet, John ”
→Bob asked John if he had seen his wallet.
2）“Rose and Mary, where are you going ” I asked.
→I asked Rose and Mary where they were going.
C、当主句中的第三人称作宾语，且直接引语中又有呼语，其直接引语中的第二人称除改为和呼语人称一致外，并将主句中的宾语用呼语代替；如果宾语是第一或第二人称时，应将直接引语中的呼语去掉，将第二人称改为与主句中宾语一致的第一人称或第二人称。如：
1）The teacher asked him, “Have you heard from your friends recently, Tom ”
→The teacher asked Tom if he had heard from his friends recently.
2）He asked me, “Where do you live, Zhao Ming ”
→He asked me where I lived.
3）He can ask you, “What’s your name and how old are you, young man ”
→He can ask you what your name is and how old you are.
D、当主句中无宾语，且直接引语中的第二人称不指传话人时，可改用适当的第三人称。如：
1）“Do you know how to pronounce this word ” I asked.
→I asked him \ her \ ... if he \ she \ ... knew how to pronounce that word.
2）“You forgot your wallet his morning,” Bob’s wife said.
→Bob’s wife told him that he had forgot-ten his wallet that morning.
3、直接引语中出现第三人称，变为间接引语时，人称不变。简称”三不变”。如：
1）Mr. Smith said,” He is a good worker.”
→Mr. Smith said that he was a good worker.
2）“Why does he have so many strange questions ” the teacher asked her.
→The teacher asked her why he had so many strange questions.
二、间接引语改为直接引语
1、间接引语中出现与主句中的主语是同一人的人称时，变为直接引语，可改用第一人称。简称”主一”。如：
1）Mary told me that she was feeling much better.
→Mary said to me,” I’m feeling much better.”
2）He asked when he might go home.
→”When may I go home ” he asked.
3）You asked your sister not to worry about you.
→”Don’t worry about me,” you said to your sister
4）He told me that he had taught his sister English himself.
→He said to me,” I taught my sister English myself.”
2、间接引语中出现与主句中的宾语是同一人的人称时，变为直接引语时，改用第二人称。简称”宾二”。如：
1）The boy’s father asked him what he was doing that for.
→The boy’s father asked him,” What are you doing this for ”
2）He told her that her son wasn’t worth teaching.
→He said to her,” Your son isn’t worth teaching.”
3）The teacher asked the children if they had touched the things in the lab that morning.
→”Did you touch the things in the lab this morning ” the teacher asked the children.
3、当主句中无宾语时，且间接引语中的主语为第一人称，改为直接引于是改用第二人称。简称”无宾一改二”。（主句之主语不能为第一人称。）如：
1）She asked if I would go to the cinema that evening.
→She asked, “Will you go to the cinema this evening ”
2）Mr. Howe said that we must pay attention to our pronunciation from then on.
→Mr. Howe said, “You must pay attention to your pronunciation from now on.”
4、当直接引语中的代词为与主句中的主语及宾语不相同的第三人称时，改为直接引语时人称不变。简称”三不变”。如：
1）They told me that he was flying a kite on the hill.
→They said to me,” He is flying a kite on the hill.”
2）I have told you that he is in prison.
→I have said to you,” He is in prison.”