高考复习Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.[下学期]
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| 名称 | 高考复习Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.[下学期] |  | |
| 格式 | rar | ||
| 文件大小 | 18.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2006-07-26 16:59:00 | ||
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直接引语和间接引语
Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语”。 用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语”。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。如：
John said , “I like reading adventure stories.”约翰说：“我喜欢看历险故事。”（直接引语）
John said that he liked reading adventure stories.约翰说他喜欢看历险故事。（间接引语）
一. 陈述句（Statements）
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语是，用连词that 引导（that 在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、地点状语等要作相应的变化。在这一方面，汉语和英语有许多相似之处，因此在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时，要特别注意句子的意义。
1）人称变化
（1）He said , “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它。”
（2）he said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。
2）时态的变化
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。
直接引语转换成间接引语的时态变化 例句
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时→一般过去时 He said, “I’m afraid I can’t finish the work.” He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish the work.
现在进行时→过去进行时 He said, “I’m using the knife.” He said that he was using the knife.
现在完成时→过去完成时 She said, “I’ve not heard from him since May.” She said that she had not heard from him since May.
一般过去时→过去完成时 He said, “I came to help you.” He said that he had come to help me.
过去完成时不变 He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.” He said that he had finished his homework before supper.
一般将来时→过去将来时 She said, “I’ll do it after class.” She said that she would do it after class.
3) 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词变化
直接引语转换间接引语时的变化 例句
直接引语 间接引语
this→that 这个→那个 She said, “I’ll finish the work this morning.” She said that she would finish the work that morning.
these→those这些→那些 He said, “These books are mine.” He said that those books were his.
now→then 这时→那时 He said, “It’s nine o’clock now.” He said that it was nine o’clock then.
today→that day 今天→明天 He said, “I haven’t seen her today.” He said that he hadn’t seen her that day.
yesterday→the day before昨天→前一天 She said, “I went there yesterday.” She said that she had gone there the day before.
tomorrow→the next/following day明天→第二天 She said, “I’ll go there tomorrow.” She said she would go there the next/following day.
ago→before以前 She said, “He left 30 minutes ago,” She told me that he had left 30 minutes before.
here→there这里→那里 He said, “My sister was here one week ago.” He said that his sister had been there one week before.
come →go 来→去 She said, “I’ll come here this evening.” She said that she would go there that evening.
注：间接引语中从句时态无须改变的几种情况
1． 当主语的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：
He always says, “I am tired out.” →
He always says that he is tired out.
2. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：
He said, “I went to college in 1994.” →
He told us that he went to college 1994.
3. 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间，如：
He said, “When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” →
He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.
4. 当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：
Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” →
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
5. 当直接引语是谚语、格言时，如：
He said, “Practice makes perfect.” →
He said that practice makes perfect.
“A friend in need is a friend indeed,” Mother said to me. →
Mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
6. 当直接引语中含有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need 时，如：
⑴ The doctor said, “You’d better drink plenty of water.” →
The doctor said that I’d better drink plenty of water.
⑵ He said, “She must be a teacher.” →
He said that she must be a teacher.
⑶ She asked, “Must I take the medicine ” →
She asked if she had to take the medicine.
(此处用had to代替must更好)
此外，转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬。
如果在当地转述，here 不必改为 here, 动词come 不必改为 go.
如果在当天转述，yesterday , tomorrow, this afternoon 等时间状语也不必改变。
Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.
Student A: What did the teacher say, Monitor
Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.
二. 疑问句（Questions）
直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序（主语在谓语前面）， 句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语等也要作相应的变 化。
1） 一般疑问句：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether 或if 引导。主句中的谓语动词是said 时，要改为asked . 没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语（me, him 或us 等）。如：
⑴ He said, “Are you interested in English ” →
He asked (me) if I was interested in English.
⑵ He said, “Did you see him last night ” →
He asked (me) whether I had seen him the night before.
2） 特殊疑问句：直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的
疑问词引导。如：
“What can I do for you ” he asked me. →
He asked (me) what he could do for me.
三. 祈使句（Imperatives）
转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to 的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell, ask, order 等动词，其句型是：tell / ask / order someone (not) to do something. 如果祈使句是否定式，在不定式的前面加上not. 如：
⑴ “ Make sure the door is shut.” She said to her little son. →
She told her little son to make sure the door was shut.
⑵ “ Don’t smoke in the room,” he said to me. →
He told me not to smoke in the room.
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直接引语和间接引语
Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语”。 用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语”。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。如：
John said , “I like reading adventure stories.”约翰说：“我喜欢看历险故事。”（直接引语）
John said that he liked reading adventure stories.约翰说他喜欢看历险故事。（间接引语）
一. 陈述句（Statements）
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语是，用连词that 引导（that 在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、地点状语等要作相应的变化。在这一方面，汉语和英语有许多相似之处，因此在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时，要特别注意句子的意义。
1）人称变化
（1）He said , “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它。”
（2）he said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。
2）时态的变化
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。
直接引语转换成间接引语的时态变化 例句
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时→一般过去时 He said, “I’m afraid I can’t finish the work.” He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish the work.
现在进行时→过去进行时 He said, “I’m using the knife.” He said that he was using the knife.
现在完成时→过去完成时 She said, “I’ve not heard from him since May.” She said that she had not heard from him since May.
一般过去时→过去完成时 He said, “I came to help you.” He said that he had come to help me.
过去完成时不变 He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.” He said that he had finished his homework before supper.
一般将来时→过去将来时 She said, “I’ll do it after class.” She said that she would do it after class.
3) 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词变化
直接引语转换间接引语时的变化 例句
直接引语 间接引语
this→that 这个→那个 She said, “I’ll finish the work this morning.” She said that she would finish the work that morning.
these→those这些→那些 He said, “These books are mine.” He said that those books were his.
now→then 这时→那时 He said, “It’s nine o’clock now.” He said that it was nine o’clock then.
today→that day 今天→明天 He said, “I haven’t seen her today.” He said that he hadn’t seen her that day.
yesterday→the day before昨天→前一天 She said, “I went there yesterday.” She said that she had gone there the day before.
tomorrow→the next/following day明天→第二天 She said, “I’ll go there tomorrow.” She said she would go there the next/following day.
ago→before以前 She said, “He left 30 minutes ago,” She told me that he had left 30 minutes before.
here→there这里→那里 He said, “My sister was here one week ago.” He said that his sister had been there one week before.
come →go 来→去 She said, “I’ll come here this evening.” She said that she would go there that evening.
注：间接引语中从句时态无须改变的几种情况
1． 当主语的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：
He always says, “I am tired out.” →
He always says that he is tired out.
2. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：
He said, “I went to college in 1994.” →
He told us that he went to college 1994.
3. 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间，如：
He said, “When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” →
He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.
4. 当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：
Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” →
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
5. 当直接引语是谚语、格言时，如：
He said, “Practice makes perfect.” →
He said that practice makes perfect.
“A friend in need is a friend indeed,” Mother said to me. →
Mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
6. 当直接引语中含有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need 时，如：
⑴ The doctor said, “You’d better drink plenty of water.” →
The doctor said that I’d better drink plenty of water.
⑵ He said, “She must be a teacher.” →
He said that she must be a teacher.
⑶ She asked, “Must I take the medicine ” →
She asked if she had to take the medicine.
(此处用had to代替must更好)
此外，转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬。
如果在当地转述，here 不必改为 here, 动词come 不必改为 go.
如果在当天转述，yesterday , tomorrow, this afternoon 等时间状语也不必改变。
Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.
Student A: What did the teacher say, Monitor
Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.
二. 疑问句（Questions）
直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序（主语在谓语前面）， 句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语等也要作相应的变 化。
1） 一般疑问句：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether 或if 引导。主句中的谓语动词是said 时，要改为asked . 没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语（me, him 或us 等）。如：
⑴ He said, “Are you interested in English ” →
He asked (me) if I was interested in English.
⑵ He said, “Did you see him last night ” →
He asked (me) whether I had seen him the night before.
2） 特殊疑问句：直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的
疑问词引导。如：
“What can I do for you ” he asked me. →
He asked (me) what he could do for me.
三. 祈使句（Imperatives）
转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to 的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell, ask, order 等动词，其句型是：tell / ask / order someone (not) to do something. 如果祈使句是否定式，在不定式的前面加上not. 如：
⑴ “ Make sure the door is shut.” She said to her little son. →
She told her little son to make sure the door was shut.
⑵ “ Don’t smoke in the room,” he said to me. →
He told me not to smoke in the room.
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