北 京 四 中
高考综合复习：Book 1 Unit 13---15
重点词汇、短语及句型
1.give advice on 提意见/建议
2.make suggestions 提建议
3.make a list of 列出一张---单子
4.have a fever 发烧
5.make up 编，创设
6.all the time 一直
7.be careful with 小心
8.be all right 正常，康复
9.in the future 将来
10.lie down 躺下
11.plenty of 大量的
12.a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力
pare with 与---比较
14.learn about 了解
15.spend on 在---方面花费
16.so that 以便
17.the spirit of--- 的精神
mercial activities 商业活动
19.have got to 必须
20.instead of 替代
21.get off 下车
22.take off one’s hat 摘下帽子
23.look into one’s eyes 直视---的眼睛
24.shake hands with 与某人握手
25.the living and the dead 生者和死者
26.the cycle of life 生命轮回
27.play tricks on 捉弄某人
28.fall asleep 入睡
29.a scary place 一个恐怖的地方
30.create a short show 编一个短剧
31.on one’s way to school 在某人上学的路上
32.don’t look very well 看上去气色不好
33.ten years of hard work 十年的辛劳
34.continue to do 继续做
35.after all 毕竟，终究
36.call on 拜访
37.try on 试穿
38.without luck 不幸运
39.pay off 还清
40.I’m sorry, but I don’t think I know you.
41.Everybody else will be wearing jewellery.
42.We must do as much as we can to make our community better and more beautiful.
43.I think that may be the problem.
44.What’s wrong with Mike
45.I cough all the time. I have a fever and a headache.
46.You ought to be careful with fruit.
47.Take this medicine three times a day. You’ll be all right soon.
知识点小结：
1.pain, ache, hurt
(1) pain 是可数名词，可以指身体某部位的疼痛，也可指心理上的痛苦。可以用复数形式，也可既不加冠词，也不用复数。作“辛苦，努力”讲时，用复数。
To my great relief the pain is gone. 令我十分轻松的是，疼痛消失了。
She was crying bitterly, just because of the pain in her stomach.胃疼难奈，她失声痛哭。
The old man suffers greatly from a pain/pains in the back.背疼使得那个老人很受折磨。
With great pains and much patience, I got the information at last.
凭着巨大的努力和耐心，我最终得到了那条消息。
Thank you very much for taking pains to show me how to do it.
十分感谢您不辞辛劳地教我怎么做那件事。
We are at pains to learn English well. 我们正在努力学好英语。
We must share pains and pleasure in face of the enemy.大敌当前，我们必须同甘共苦。
* in pain 常坐表语 with pain 常作状语。
Is your legs constantly in pain 你的腿老疼吗？
He cut his finger and was in great pain. 他切了手指，疼的很。
The boy was crying with pain, after he broke his arm.摔伤了胳膊，那个孩子疼得哭了起来。
He was almost mad with pain. 他疼得几乎要发狂。
pain还可用做动词，“使苦恼，痛苦”。
It pains me to have to disobey you, but I must.违抗你我也不好受，但我必须这么做。
(2)ache 一般用作动词，主要指身体某部位的隐疼。用作名词时，出现在复合词中。
His head aches badly sometimes. （He has a bad headache sometimes.）有时他头疼的厉害。
His stomach begins to ache after drinking some alcohol.
= He has a stomachache after drinking alcohol. 他一喝酒胃就疼。
(3) hurt 只能用作动词，及物动词意思是“使受伤害”，可指身心受伤；不及物动词相当于ache。
What will you do if someone falls off a bicycle and hurts himself badly
如果有人从自行车上摔下来，伤得很厉害，你会怎么办？
What he said hurt me, so I said, “Don’t judge a person by what he wears.”
他的话使我受到了伤害，因此我告诉他：“别以貌取人”。
Their misunderstanding criticisms have hurt me deeply.他们的误解令我非常伤心。
My leg hurts and my arm hurts, too. 我腿疼，胳膊也疼。
2.ought to
用作情态动词，没有人称、时态和数的变化，意思是“应该，应当”，表示责任、义务、劝告、推测等，语气比should强，否定式为ought not to或oughtn’t to,疑问式为“ought+主语+to do”。
(1) 表示义务或责任
We ought to carry out the task. 我们必须执行这项任务。
You ought to do your homework every day. 你每天都应该做作业。
(2) 表示劝告或建议
---Ought he to go 他该去吗？
---Yes, he ought (to ). 该去。
Such things ought to be handled with great care. 处理这种事，要非常小心。
(3) 表示推测
It ought to be ten o’clock now. 现在该是十点了吧。
(4) ought to have done 表示该做但没做的事
ought not to have done 表示做了不该做的事
You ought to have handed in your report yesterday. 你本该昨天把报告交上来。
I ought to have helped them, but I wasn’t able to. 我本该帮助他们的，但我没能这样做。
You oughtn’t to have spoken to them in that way. 你不应该这样对他们讲话。
(5) ought to 变反意疑问句时，附加问句的谓语通常用 ought/oughtn’t, 有时可用should/shouldn’t 替代。
Such things ought not to be done, ought they 这些事情不该做，不是吗？
We ought to go, oughtn’t/shouldn’t we 我们应该去，不是吗？
高考链接：
*1.There ______ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. (2005 NMET北京)
A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
答案 C
分析 shouldn’t/ought not to 可表示预测、可能，本句意思为“既然你已经在驾校练得不少了，通过路考应该是没问题的”。
*2.---I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
---You _____ her last week. (NMET福建2004)
A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told
答案 D
分析 表示本该做而没做用should/ought to have done。
3.keep up, keep up with
(1)keep up 用作不及物动词，意思是“支撑，保持，维持”。
Do you think the bad weather will keep up 你认为坏天气将持续下去吗？
Those houses are so strongly built that they would keep up even in strong earthquakes.
那些房子建造得很牢固，能抵御强烈的地震。
Prices still keep up these days. 这些天物价仍不下跌。
John has to study harder to keep up. 为了使自己不掉队，约翰不得不比别人更用功。
(2)keep up用作及物动词，意思是“继续，坚持”。
Keep up your courage and stick to your work, you can succeed in time.
鼓起勇气，坚持工作，迟早你会成功的。
If you want to keep up the present living standards, you will have to earn more money.
如果想保持现在的生活水平，你就得挣更多的钱。
This factory keeps up its good credit, so its products sell very well.
这家工厂保持着良好的信誉，所以产品销售很好。
People in China still keep up the traditional custom of enjoying mooncakes on the mid-autumn festival. 中国人仍保持着中秋节吃月饼的传统习俗。
(3) keep up with 意思是“和---并驾齐驱，和某人保持同等地位，保持接触等”。
Walk slower please. I’m afraid I won’t keep up with you. 请走慢点！我怕赶不上你。
She’s paid much attention to keeping up with the latest fashion in clothes.
她在赶时装潮流方面倾注了大量的精力。
Everyone should study now and then or they can’t keep up with the latest development in science.
每个人都要不断学习，否则就跟不上科技发展的步伐。
Though he is busy, he tries to keep up with his old friends far away.
虽然很忙，但他仍然设法与远方的老朋友保持着联系。
They don’t think they must keep up with their neighbors on that aspect.
他们认为在那方面不必和邻居们攀比。
考题链接：
You must double your efforts to ____ others and can’t expect to take short-cuts in the learning of English.
A. keep up with B. keep up C. catch up with D. keep you up
答案 C
分析 表示“赶上某人”，用catch up with。
4.contain, include
(1) contain 包含，含有；控制，抑制（情感）
What does the medicine contain 药里含有什么成分？
The hall can contain five hundred people. 大厅可容纳500人。
I could hardly contain laughter. 我几乎控制不住自己大笑。
(2) include vt. 包括，包含---在内
The price includes the tax. 价格包含税金。
He included a watch on the shopping list. 他在购物单上列上了一块手表。
The team is made up of ten, including the captain/the captain included.
包括队长在内，这个队由10人组成。
(3)contain 后常常列出所包含的全部内容，include 后的宾语常为其中的一部分。
My collection contains 1,000 stamps, including those used ones.
包括那些使用过的邮票在内，我的邮集中有1000张。
The list includes my name. 名单上有我的名字。
The atlas contains forty maps, including three of Great Britain.
这本地图册包括40幅地图，其中有三副英国地图。
The box contains a lot of gifts. 这个盒子中装有很多礼物。
考题链接：
Most oceans ____ 35 parts of salt per thousand parts of water.
A. hold B. drink C. contain D. include
答案 C
分析 意思为“大多数海洋每1000分海水里含有35分盐”，35分盐是海水中包含的内容，因此用contain。
5.examine, check, test
(1)examine 可指对病人的检查、诊断，也可指对机器的检查。
Now, let me examine your chest once more. 让我再检查一下你的胸部。
During a four-month period, more than three million people were examined.
在四个月时间内，300百多万人受到了检查。
The workers examine their machines and equipment carefully before they start to work every day. 每天上班以前，工人们都要仔细检查机器设备。
(2) examine 作“调查，检查，研讨”讲
We have our suitcases examined at the airport. 我们的行李在机场都经过了检查。
Did you examine it with your own eyes 你亲自观察了吗？
We’d better examine the details of the new theory. 我们最好查证一下这一新理论的详细情形。
(3) examine 表示测验、考试，比test正式。
The teacher examined the students’ knowledge in/on the previous lessons.
老师测试了学生前几堂课的掌握情况。
Our English teacher will examine our class in/on everything we have learned this year.
我们英语老师要考一下我们一年以来学过的所有知识。
They were first examined in their knowledge of history.
他们首先被考查的是历史知识。
(4) check 主要指对某物进行核对，以免出错。
Will you check your homework yourself first 你能自己先检查一下作业吗？
The department store checks stock every day. 百货商店每天盘点。
(5)check 也可相当于examine使用，表示“对---进行检查”。
She checked/examined the door locks carefully before she left.
她离开之前先检查了门锁。
They often help us check and repair our farm tools.
他们经常帮助我们检修农具。
(6)test作为动词使用的频率并不高，意思是“检测，测试”。多用作名词，表示检测某人的知识或技能，有时也可表示对某物的检查或实验。
You’d better have your eyes tested without delay. 你最好马上去检查眼睛。
They are testing the newly-made sports car. 他们正在检测新出的赛车。
Our teacher has a test every Friday. 我们老师每周五进行一次测验。
We often have a test on the old lessons before the new ones.
上新课之前，我们通常要测验旧课。
Those who want to drive an automobile must pass a driving test.
想驾驶汽车，必须先通过驾驶技能测试。
Don’t have meals before you take the blood test.验血之前别吃饭。
高考链接：
---Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it
---Oh, really I haven’t _____ my mailbox yet. (2005NMET天津)
A. examined B. reviewed C. tested D. checked
答案 D
分析 check在这儿的意思是make sure, find out or not，查实，核对。
6.so that
(1) so that 可引导目的状语从句，意思是“以便，为了”。相当于in order that.
He turned up the radio so that everyone could hear the news.
他把收音机音量开大一点，以便大家都能听见新闻。
Bob turned off the alarm so that he could sleep late in the morning.
鲍勃关掉闹钟以便早上能睡懒觉。
(2)so that 还可引导结果状语从句，主从句之间常用逗号隔开。
The teacher raised his voice, so that all the students heard him clearly.
老师提高了声音，结果所有的学生都听得很清楚。
so that 引导的目的状语从句中常有情态动词can, could, may, might等。
The teacher raised his voice so that all the students could hear him clearly.
老师提高声音以便所有学生能够听得清楚。
so as to/in order to表示目的，后接动词原形。
He studied even harder to/in order to/so as to make up for the missing lesson.
他学习更加努力以便补上落下的课。
(3) so that 与 such that 之间的转换
so + adj./adv. + that
so + adj. + a/an + 单数名词+ that
such + a/an + adj. + 单数名词+ that
such + adj. + 复数名词或不可数名词+ that
He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得如此快以至于我赶不上他。
This is so interesting that I have read it twice. 这本书如此有趣以至于我读了两遍。
It was such fine weather that they went out for a picnic.天气如此好以至于他们去野餐了。
It is such an interesting book that everyone wants to read it.
这是如此有趣的一本书，每个人都想读它。
高考链接：
All these gifts must be mailed immediately _____ in time for Christmas.(NMET2005辽宁)
A. in order to have received
B. in order to receive
C. so as to be received
D. so as to be receiving
答案 C
分析 本句中主语gifts 和动词receive 是被动关系。
7.dress
(1) vt. vi. （给---）穿衣服
dress sb. 给别人穿衣服（动作）
dress oneself 自己穿上衣服（动作）
get dressed 穿上衣服（动作）
be well/badly/smartly--- dressed 穿着漂亮/褴褛/帅气（状态）
dress up (in) 穿上---盛装打扮，以---装饰
After the bath, he dressed (himself). 洗完澡后，他穿上衣服。
She hurriedly dressed her son and drove him to the nearest hospital.
她匆忙地给儿子穿上衣服，开车送她到最近的医院。
The boy got dressed quickly and telephoned for help. 那男孩赶快穿上衣服打电话求援。
He is smartly dressed when I saw him. 我在宴会上见到他时，他衣着帅气。
(2) dress 表示穿衣服的动作，过去分词dressed 作be的表语表状态，但get dressed 表动作，相当于dress (oneself)。
She likes to be dressed in red. 她喜欢穿红色衣服。
(3)dress, put on, wear, have on
dress 表动作，跟人作宾语。
put on表动作，宾语是衣服、鞋帽袜、手套、眼镜等。
wear表状态，宾语范围很广，可以是衣服类名词，还可指佩带首饰、手表、徽章以及留发型、胡须等。
have on是静态，多用于口语。
Put on more clothes or you’ll get cold. 多穿点衣服，否则你会冷的。
Miss Li is wearing a yellow dress today. 李老师今天穿一件黄色的连衣裙。
She always had a red coat on. 她总是穿一件红色的外套。
考题链接：
We are supposed ____ our daughter’s wedding.
A. to dress in B. dressed up C. to dress up for D. be well dressed at
答案 C
分析 be supposed to意思是“理应，应该”。dress up for 表示“为---而盛装打扮”。
高考链接：
Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you _____ yesterday (2005NMET辽宁)
A. tried on B. put on C. had on D. pulled on
答案 C
分析 try on 试穿；pull on 匆匆忙忙穿上；put on 强调动作；have on 强调状态。
8.celebrate
(1) v. 庆祝，赞扬，过节
Many people in that city are getting to the square to celebrate the New Year’s day.
为了庆祝新年，许多市民正在向广场集中。
How do you celebrate your son’s birthday normally 通常你们是怎样为儿子过生日的？
I think you needn’t spend too much to celebrate a two-year-old child’s birthday like that.我想为一个两岁的孩子过生日没必要如此破费。
The heroes of combating the flood are worthy to be celebrated greatly.
抗洪英雄们值得大加称颂。
(2) celebration n. 庆祝
The students and teachers will get together for the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of their school.全体师生将集合起来庆祝50周年校庆。
All places across China held a celebration for their success of application for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games.为庆祝北京申办2008年奥运会成功，中国各地都举办了庆祝活动。
We invited most of our friends and relatives for a party in celebration of my son’s enrollment by Beijing University last weekend.
上周末我们邀请大多数亲朋好友，参加了为庆祝儿子被北京大学录取举行的宴会。
(3)celebrated adj. 著名的
That is a city celebrated as a hot spring resort. 那是一个以温泉胜地著称的城市。
Wu Song is celebrated for his killing a tiger by himself. 武松以孤身打虎而闻名。
Hangzhou is celebrated for its beautiful West Lake and its sceneries.
杭州以其美丽的西湖及城市美景而著称。
Mr. Er Yuehe is a celebrated novelist on Qing Dynasty.
二月河先生是一位清史演义题材的著名小说家。
9.allow
(1) vt. 许可，允许
allow + n./pron.
allow doing sth.
allow sb. to do sth.
be allowed to do sth.
Our teacher don’t allow making noise./ Our teacher don’t allow us to make noise.
老师不允许我们弄出声音。
No student is allowed to leave his homework undone. 哪一个学生也不允许不做作业。
We don’t allow smoking in the theater. 剧院不许吸烟。
We must allow him to be a member of the team. 我们必须让他成为队中的一员。
Passengers are not allowed to spit. 乘客不得随地吐痰。
How many holidays are you allowed 你有几天假？
(2)permit 比allow正式，含有“主动许可”或“正式批准”之意。经常可通用。
The guard permitted him to pass after he showed his card.看了通行证之后，卫兵才让他进。
考题链接：
My father doesn’t allow _____ computer games; he even doesn’t allow me _____ TV before I finish my homework.
A. playing; to watch B. playing; watching
C. to play; to watch D. to play; watching
答案 A
分析 allow doing sth. allow sb. to do sth.
10.used to, be used to sth./doing, be used to do
(1) used to do 表示过去经常性的行为，而现在不再进行。
I used to be a worker, working in a factory. 我过去是个工人，在一家工厂上班。
We used to play in the wheat fields on winter evenings, when we were children.
当我们还是小孩时，常常在冬天的晚上到麦田里去玩。
There used to be a railway station in that area. 那一片原来是火车站。
Did the river use to be clear and clean 那条河过去是干净清澈的吗？
(2) be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于
Be patient, and you will be used to the life here. 耐心一点，你会习惯这里的生活。
Step by step, we are used to the way of brushing our teeth both in the morning and evening.
我们逐渐习惯于早晚刷牙了。
Gradually, they are used to getting up early. 他们逐步习惯于早起了。
After staying there for weeks, they, the foreigners, were used to fetching water from a well.在那儿呆了几个星期，那些外国人习惯于从井里打水了。
(3)be used to do/for doing 被用来做---
That tool is used to dig holes. 那工具是挖洞用的。
Plastics can be used to make all kinds of things. 塑料能用来制造各种各样的东西。
考题链接：
I remember the time _____ a small village.
A. which used to be B. when it would be
C. when it used to be D. when at that time it was
答案 C
分析 when 引导的是定语从句，修饰time, 意思为“我记得这里是一个小村子的时候”。
11.take in
(1) 欺骗，轻信
One wise person should never be taken in by only a few of his sweet words.
作为一个精明人，不应该被他仅有的几句甜言蜜语所欺骗。
You will seldom be taken in if you know their behavior well in advance.
假如对他们的行为了如指掌，你就不会上当受骗。
From the facts you can see that children are easily taken in.
从这些事实可以看出，儿童是很容易被说服的。
The lady took in the boy’s words and gave him ten dollars to buy the return ticket.
那位女士轻信了孩子的话，给了他十美元让他买回程车票。
(2)接受，容纳
When did this hotel schedule to take in guests 这家旅馆什么时候开始接待客人？
Do you take in travelers for only the night 你们只接待夜间住宿的客人吗？
This harbor is able to take in large cargo-vessels of 10,000 ton’s capacity.
这个港口也能容纳万吨级货轮作业了。
(3)承揽（多指在家里或店里等活儿的行为）
We may make big money if we can take in as many clothes to be washed as the equipment can deal with.如果能够接到足够机器洗涤的衣服，我们也能赚大钱。
It’s far from enough for only taking in processing work sometimes.
有时候，仅仅等着接加工活是远远不够的。
(4) 订购，订阅
Which magazine do you want to take in this year 今年你想订阅什么杂志呢？
Can we take in China Daily by half a year 我们能订半年的中国日报吗？
(5) 理解，领会
To read an article is one thing, and to take in fully is another.
阅读文章是一回事，充分理解又是另一回事。
They all came to my lecture yesterday, but I don’t know how much they took in.
昨天他们都来听课了，但理解了多少我就不知道了。
12. believe in, believe
(1) believe in 意思是“信任，信仰，主张”，相当于trust；而believe意思是“相信”。前者是指对人格的信赖，后者仅指相信某人所说的话；前者说明人的本质可靠，后者只表示相信某人某一次所说的话，不实质相信，某人一般的言行。
You can believe in him, he will never let you down.
你可以信任他，他永远不会使你失望。
Until now, I have always believed firmly in his honesty.
直到目前，我一直都坚信他是诚实的。
A hundred years ago, few people believed in the possibility of flying.
一百年前，很少人相信飞行是可能的。
I don’t believe in going to extremes. 我不赞成走极端。
I just couldn’t believe my ears. 我简直不敢相信自己的耳朵。
Do you believe what he said 你相信他说的话吗？
(2) believe in后接名词、代词或动名词短语，尤其作“主张”讲。
I believe in keeping early hours. 我主张早睡早起。
I’ve always believed in being broad-minded.我一向主张心胸要开阔。
He believed in rotating the crops to save the strength of the soil.
他主张轮种以保持地力。
Mr. Smith is very direct. He believes in speaking his mind.
史密斯先生十分直率，喜欢有什么说什么。
(3) believe 可接不定式作宾补，也可变成被动语态。
I believed it to have been a mistake. 我相信这是一次误会。
He was believed to have done it. 大家认为那件事是他做的。
They are believed to have discussed this problem. 据说这个问题他们已经讨论过了。
We believe him to be honest. 我们认为他是诚实的。
13.scene c.n. 一场，一个镜头；现场；景色
He added a new scene at the beginning. 在开头他又加了一场戏。
We missed the first few scenes of the film. 我们错过了电影开始的几个镜头。
The people crowded round the scene of the accident. 人们聚集在出事地点周围。
We climbed higher so that we might see the scenes better.
我们爬得更高以便更好地欣赏景色。
arrive on the scene 露面，到场
behind the scene 在后台，在幕后
set the scene 为某事做准备
scene 指都市景观或室内陈设，还可指舞台场面或部分布景，是可数名词。
scenery 指山河湖海等自然景观，是不可数名词。
They stopped to admire the mountain scenery. 他们停下来欣赏风景。
考题链接：
Once a famous director sent his camera crew to a coast with beautiful _____ to film a ____ of sunset.
A. scenery, scene B. scenes, scenery C. scene, scenery D. sceneries, scene
答案A
分析 scene是可数名词，scenery是不可数名词。全句意思是“曾经有一位著名导演派他的摄影组去风景美丽的海岸拍摄一组日落的镜头”。
14.missing, gone, lost adj.
(4)missing多用做表语，也可用作定语或补足语，具体可以解释为“缺失，下落不明，没有了”等。
Do you know why one leg of the table is missing 你知道桌子少一条腿的原因吗？
He looked quite untidy; besides, one of the buttons on his coat was missing.
他看起来相当狼狈，而且外套上有个扣子也不见了。
He bought a book and found a few pages missing when he got home.
他买了本书，回到家发现缺了几页。
It’s reported that the pilot is missing after his landing. 据报道，飞行员在着陆后失踪了。
(5) lost 可作定语或表语，表示“失踪，丢失，浪费掉”等意思，更强调“不知道下落的意思”。
The whole family searched the neighborhood for the lost dog.
全家都在住处附近寻找丢失了的小狗。
In the Bermuda Triangle, it’s almost as if the lost planes had gone into a hole in the sky.在百慕大地区，失踪的飞机就象进入了天空中的一个洞里。
A lost chance is lost forever. 机不可失，失不再来。
Once you get lost in playing computer games you can hardly concentrate on your study.
一旦沉迷于玩电子游戏，就很难集中精力学习了。
(6)gone 的意思相当于missing，但只能作表语和补足语，不能作前置定语。
The days when the Chinese were looked down upon are gone forever.
中国人被看不起的日子一去不复返了。
The lady found her necklace gone after the party. 晚会后那位女士发现她的项链不见了。
He hurried back home and found all the visitors gone. 他匆忙赶回家，发现客人们都走了。
考题链接：
She returned home from the market only to find the door open and a number of things ____.
A. stole B. missing C. missed D. losing
答案 B
分析 表示“丢失了，不见了”，A选项应为stolen，过去分词作宾补；D选项应为lost.
15.现在完成进行时
(1)现在完成进行时通常表示从过去开始，一直持续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束。现在完成进行时通常和延续性动词连用，并常常附有表示一段时间的状语成分。
I must do something else for a change; I have been reading all the morning.
我必须干点别的事，一上午我都在读书。
You look very tired. What have you been doing these days
你看起来非常疲惫，这些天你都在干什么？
Where were you We have been looking for you everywhere.
你去哪儿了？我们一直在到处找你。
(2)现在完成进行时也常表示某个动作可能延续下去。
We have been having fine weather for the past few days. 过去几天的天气一直很好。
She has been living there since 1989. 她自1989年来一直住在那里。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国人造纸已经有两千多年的历史了。
(3) 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别：都可表示一个动作从过去开始，延续到说话的时刻，并且可以延续下去。但是，现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性、暂时性和未完成性，而现在完成时的重点在动作的结果上。
I have written six letters since breakfast. 早饭以来我写了六封信。（动作已结束）
I have been writing letters since breakfast.
早饭以来我一直在写信。（动作还未结束，并且有可能继续）
They have widened the road. 他们加宽了马路。（工作已结束）
They have been widening the road.他们一直在加宽马路。（工作尚未结束）
I have been reading the novel since morning but I have covered only a few pages of it.
从早上到现在我一直在读小说，但是到现在为止，我看的没有多少页。
高考链接：
The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I _____ before. (NMET2005 全国卷)
A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had
答案 C
分析 解题要点在于两个词before和ever上，与现在完成时连用。
16.cost
(1) n. 既可以可数也可以不可数，可数名词意思为“经费，费用，成本”等，不可数名词意思是“代价，牺牲”。
What we should do next is try to cut the costs of management.
下一步我们的目标是尽力降低经营费用。
In order to quote properly, you need to know its cost and the target profit well in advance.为了能报出合适的价格，你预先就得对成本和预期利润心中有数。
We’ll accuse the corrupt official, no matter what cost is involved.
无论花多大代价，我们也要控告那个贪官。
Lijian rescued a sunk boy at the cost of his own life.
李健为抢救一名落水儿童献出了自己的生命。
(2) vt. cost sb. sth. 表示“花费某人（时间，精力，金钱。努力）等”，其主语是物品、行为或服务。
This motor cost me 2,300 yuan.这辆摩托车花了我2300元。
It cost him $180 to buy that pair of leather shoes.买那双皮鞋花去了他180美元。
Operation against rules and regulations may cost one’s life sometimes.
违章操作有时会让人付出生命的代价。
To write a good novel costs much time and effort.写一部好小说要耗费大量时间和经历。
(3)想换成人，谓语cost要换成spend或pay.
We spent 50,000 dollars on that house last year.去年我们花5万美元买了那套房子。
No one will be willing to pay 1,000 yuan for such a handbag.
没人会愿意花1000元买这么一个手提包。
17.marry
(1) vt. vi.
I’ll marry on December 1st, 2005.我将于2005年12月1日结婚。
He married his classmate 21 years ago.21年前他和他的同学结婚了。
Mary married John and they are living a very happy life.玛丽和约翰结了婚，他们生活得很幸福。
The landlord married his daughter to a businessman.那位庄园主把他女儿嫁给了一个商人。
(2) married作表语，意思是“结了婚的”，表示“和---结婚”，后面跟介词to而不是with。
Are you married 你结婚了吗？
When did Maria get married 玛利亚什么时候结婚的？
They have been married for 40 years.
= It has been 40 years since they got married.
= They got married 40 years ago.
他们结婚已经40年了。
(3) married adj. 可以修饰名词。
They are all married people at present.他们如今都已结婚了。
What about your married life 你们婚后的生活如何？
Married love should be built on the basis of sacrifice and tolerance for each other.
夫妻情谊应该建立在相互奉献和相互宽容的基础上。
They are a married couple for 20 years by the year 2005.他们到2005年已经结婚20年了。
The young man is a married person now.那个年轻人现在是有妇之夫了。
(4)终止性动词，不能和延续性的时间状语连用。如果要表示结婚多长时间，要用be married。
---How long have you been married
---I have been married for 5 years.
考题链接：
She ______ for 15 years, yet she didn’t know what kind of man she ____.
A. had married, married B. had got married, married to
C. had been married, had married D. married, had married to
答案 C
分析 与延续性的时间状语连用，用be married;嫁给某人可以说marry sb.
18.worth, worthy adj. n.
(1) worth u.n. 价值
Could you give me a dollar’s worth of paper 你能给我一美元的纸吗？
There are quite a few several city’s worth of relics in this museum.
这个博物馆中收藏着许多价值连城的文物。
(2) worth adj. be worth + n./doing 价值---（后跟动名词主动形式表被动含义）
The car is worth $18,000.这辆车价值18000美元。
His suggestion is worth nothing.他的建议没有任何价值。
The film is worth seeing twice.这部电影值得再看一遍。
That reference book is worth reading.那本参考书值得一读。
The man is worth 3 millions.那人拥有3百万元的家产。
(3) worthy n. 大人物，名流
Don’t look down upon him. He is now a worthy within this area.
别小看他，现在他是这一带的名流。
Being a worthy, you should do something good for the villagers.
作为一个大人物，你应该为乡亲们办点好事。
He is the worthy in that football team.他是那个足球队中最有价值的球员。
(4) worthy adj. 值得的 be worthy to be done/ be worthy of being done
He is worthy of severe punishment.他应该受到严厉的惩罚。
His action is worthy to be commended.他的行动值得赞扬。
This suggestion is worthy of being introduced.这一建议值得推荐。
This novel is worth reading a second time.
= This novel is worthy to be read a second time.
= This novel is worthy of being read a second time.
这部小说值得再读一遍。
e up with
(1)提出，想出
She came up with a new suggestion to solve the problem.
她提出了一种解决问题的建议。
We have to come up with the practical measure to prevent the air pollution.
我们必须找到防止空气污染的切实可行的办法。
It’s wonderful for you to come up with such a good idea.
你能想出这么一个主意真是太棒了。
She couldn’t come up with an answer when I asked her why she was late.
当我问她为什么迟到，她答不上来。
She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.她想到了一个提高销量的好办法。
(2)赶上，追上
He’s come up with his classmates ahead of him, after months of patient diligence.
经过几个月不懈的努力，他赶上了前面的同学。
The police handcuffed the robber, when he had come up with him.
那个警察追上劫匪，给他带上了手铐。
(3)come up, come up to, come upon
You position has come up.你的职位提高了。
Almost all the seeds have come up after a few days of sowing.几乎所有的种子播下几天之后都发芽了。
He came up to Beijing days ago, and he will work there for months as a visiting professor for half a month in Beijing University.
他于几天前来北京，将在北京大学做半个月的客座教授。
I know why you came up to me so quickly.我知道你来这儿如此快的原因。
I came upon a country-fellow in the street the day before last.
前天我在街上遇见了一位老乡。
同步练习：
一、 单项选择
1.The first computer art museum, ______ in Florida, USA is used for people to enjoy art by computer.
A. opens B. created C. building D. is open
2.---Oh, it’s you. I _______ you.
---I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.
A. didn’t recognize B. hadn’t recognized
C. haven’t recognized D. don’t recognize
3.Jane _____ a lot of presents from Tom, but she would never _____ a single one because she didn’t like him.
A. received, accept B. accepted, receive C. received, receive D. accepted, accept
4.After you finish this exercise, _____ the other one.
A. go on doing B. go on with doing C. continue with D. continue to do
5.Looking around the city, you’ll find many old churches are ____.
A. worth being visited B. worthy of visiting
C. worth to be visited D. worth a visit
6.He came back late not ____ the rain but ______ he was much too tired.
A. because, because of B. because of, because
C. for, for D. because, for
7.The telephone _____ three times in the past hour and every time it ____, it was for our monitor.
A. has rung, rang B. rang, has rung C. had rung, rang D. rang, was ringing
8.---John failed his final exam.
---I’m not surprised at the news _____. _____, he is never seen busy with his lessons.
A. at all, After all B. in all, After all C. above all, In all D. at all, In all
9._____ your head. The doorway is low.
A. Look out B. Take care C. Mind D. Look down
10.At the end of every class, a few minutes are left for answering the questions any student ______.
A. rises B. raised C. comes up D. comes up with
11._____ remember to turn off the electricity before you leave the lab.
A. Be sure B. Do C. Make sure D. Does
12.It sounded _____ a train running under my house.
A. like B. as if C. as D. as though
13.---She always _____ her daughter up like a flower.
---That’s _____ the little girl looks so lovely.
A. wears, why B. dresses, why C. puts, where D. does, how
14.____ great help, I could get rid of all the difficulty and succeed.
A. Offered B. Having offered C. Being offered D. Having supplied
15.Call me any time that ____ you.
A. fits B. satisfies C. suits D. meets
二、单词拼写
1.The polluted air is ______(有害的) to our health.
2.The advice he gave the fat lady is to lose some _____(体重).
3.Little Franz was not ______(有准备的) for the master’s question.
4.Does your leg still _____(疼痛)
5.We must make a plan for the ____(舞会).
6.She hurriedly ______(穿衣服) her son and took him to the kindergarten.
7.Who _____(允许) you to do that
8.We should ____(尊敬) our elders.
9.Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare---you must learn to _____(分享).
10.It doesn’t _____(有关系) whether he will come.
11.Writing a simple play is not that difficult, and _____(而且), we have to start somewhere if we want to learn how to write plays.
12.His careless driving ______(付出---的代价) him his life.
13.At the airport I could hardly _____(认出) Mary, one of my classmates because she had changed so much.
14.In his fifties, Karl Marx _____(继续) to learn Russian by himself.
15.I think her clothes _____(相配) her perfectly.
三、阅读理解
It was a very happy family. The life was fairly well-off. Father, Leopold, was a music master in Austria. Mother was warm-hearted. There were two children, Marianne, a schoolgirl, and little Wolfgang, a child not quite four years old. Marianne was learning to play the piano, and day after day Leopold stood behind her as she practiced. How patient her father was, and how cleverly he showed Marianne how to play some particularly difficult pieces! She was making progress, very good progress, and that was excellent. And there, almost lost in the big chair, sat Wolfgang, who never had to be told to keep quiet when Marianne was practicing. One evening at sunset Leopold patted Marianne’s shoulder, saying she had done well. At that moment Wolfgang climbed on his father’s knee and begged to be allowed to play the pretty piece Marianne had now mastered. What a joke that was! Picking up his baby son, Leopold laughed and said, “Look at your small hands. You must wait, little man!”
There was no end of fun during tea, and Marianne had to tell her mother about Wolfgang wanting to play a difficult piece. When the meal was finished, Marianne helped to clear away the dishes. Suddenly Leopold got up. “Listen! ’’ said he in a surprised voice. “Listen!’’ “Marianne is playing the piece better than ever!”
But Marianne was washing dishes in the kitchen.
His wife following, Leopold walked quietly upstairs, the lamp in one hand, his music book in the other. He pushed open the door, and there was little Wolfgang playing in the darkness. “I love it. ” whispered the child.
It was the beginning of Mozart’s life of music.
1.Wolfgang was quiet when his sister practiced the piano because_______.
A .he liked his sister
B. he loved music
C. he didn’t feel well
D. he didn’t want to make a noise
2.Wolfgang’s father told him he couldn’t play the piano yet because________.
A. he was too small
B. his sister was taking lessons
C. he had to help his mother
D. he had to wait for his sister to finish practicing
3.At tea-time the family had _______.
A. no fun B. a little fun
C. a lot of fun D. little fun
4.Leopold’s family was ________.
A. poor B. very wealthy
C. extremely rich D. fairly rich
5.Shortly after tea Leopold heard the music from upstairs. He was astonished because ________.
A. Marianne had never played the piece so beautifully
B. Marianne was washing dishes in the kitchen
C. Wolfgang was playing in the darkness
D. Wolfgang loved the piece so much
答案与分析：
一、
1.B museum与create是被动关系，created过去分词做定语，创造，创建。
2.A 没认出来是过去，因此用一般过去时。
3.A receive客观收到，accept主观接受。
4.D 继续做另一件事，用go on to do/continue to do/continue doing。
5.D 值得参观，用be worth visiting/be worthy of being visited/be worthy to be visited/be worth + n.
6.B because of 后跟名词，because后跟从句。
7.A in the past hour与现在完成时连用，every time引起时间状语从句。
8.A not at all,一点儿也不；after all 毕竟，终究。
9.C mind your head 注意，当心（碰头）。
10.D any student comes up with 是定语从句，修饰questions,先行词在从句中做宾语，因此选择及物的come up with, 并用一般现在时。
11.B 祈使句加强语气可用Be sure to do---或在句首加do。
12.A as if/as though作“似乎，好象”讲引起从句，本句中为系表结构，sound like + n.
13.B dress sb. (up) as/like 把某人打扮成---；That’s why 那就是为什么---。
14.A offered为过去分词做状语，表条件。
15.C fit 大小、尺寸合适；satisfy 不符和题意；suit既可以指颜色、款式合适，也可以指情况、时间等合适；meet不符和题意。
二、
1.harmful 2.weight 3.prepared 4.hurt 5.dance
6.dressed 7.allowed 8.respect 9.share 10.matter
11.besides 12.cost 13.recognize 14.continued 15.match
三、
1.B 安静是因为他沉浸在音乐中.
2.A 根据第一段最后一句可知.
3.C no end of fun意思是高兴的事情还没有结束.
4.D 第一段第一行中The life was fairly well-off, fairly相当于quite, well-off相当于rich或wealthy.
5.A 惊呆了是因为他从未听到女儿弹得这么好.
北 京 四 中
高考综合复习：Book 1 Unit 7---9
重点词汇、短语与句型:
1.in ruins 成为废墟
2.bring…back to life 使苏醒，使生动
3.pull down 拆毁，推翻
4.set up 设立, 创立
5.stand for 代表, 象征，支持
6.because of 由于，因为
7.speed skating 速滑
8.track and field 田径
9.would rather 宁愿，宁可
10.take part in 参加
11.in preparation for 为…做准备
12.stay in touch with 与…保持联系
13.call for 要求，需要
14.according to 按照
15.take over 接收，接管
16.succeed (in) doing sth. 成功地干成某事
17.break down 毁掉，坏掉，中止
18.send…into space 把…送入太空
19.give in 屈服
20.be under attack 遭到进攻
21.every +数词+名词 每…
22.in modern times 在现代
pete in… 参加…比赛
e up with… 找到，提出
25.stone by stone 一块石头、一块石头地
26.be marked with 上面标有…
27.more than 不仅仅是
28.change one’s behavior 改变某人的行为方式
29.do one’s best (to do sth.) 尽力做某事
do all/everything sb. can (to do sth.) 做某人所能做的一切（来做某事）
do what sb. can to help sb. 尽某人所能去帮某人
30.on the go 忙个不停，跑来跑去
31.add 的用法
32.an electronic calendar 电子日历
33.during one’s lifetime 在某人的一生中
34.cultural relics 文化遗产
35.the same as 同…一样
36.win a gold medal 获得金牌
37.be based on 以…为基础
38.dare的用法
39.important events in history 历史上的重大事件
40.a sports star profile 体育明星特写
41.light the torch 点燃火炬
42.dream about a better future 梦想一个更好的未来
43.提出意见和建议：
Why not…
Why don’t you…
What/How about…
Shall we…
Maybe we could…
I’d like to…
Can’t we…？
44.同意和不同意：
Absolutely.
That’s exactly what I was thinking.
That’s a good point.
That’s just how I see it.
That’s worth thinking about.
I disagree./Well, yes, but…
You can’t be serious.
Well ,I’m not so sure about that.
单元知识点归纳：
1.
in case （adv. ＆ conj. ） 以防，万一
in case of sth. 假如，以防发生某事
in this/ that case 在这种／那种情况下
in no case 决不
in any case 无论如何，总之
in the case of 就…而言，至于，在…情况下
eg.
⑴In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.万一发生火灾，请拉响火警铃。
⑵Please take an umbrella, in case it rains.请带上雨伞以防下雨。
⑶Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.乘坐出租车吧，以防开会迟到。
⑷I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some in case.
我觉得用不着钱，但还是带上一些以防万一。
⑸In no case should you give up learning English. 你决不要放弃学习英语。
⑹In any case , I’ll go and have a look for myself. 无论如何我要亲自去看一看。
⑺In that case, the whole house would be on fire.如果那样的话，整个房子就会着火。
⑻In the case of money itself, it’s no good or bad. 就钱本身而言，没有好与坏之分
注：case 可表达多种意思：
⑴That isn’t the case with Peter.彼得的情况并不如此（情况，情形）。
⑵The case will be tried in the court next week.下周要审这个案子（案情，案例）。
⑶The worst cases have been sent to hospital.情况最严重的患者已被送往医院（患者，病人）。
高考题例:
①
----I’m afraid Mr. Wood can’t see you until 4 o’clock.
----Oh, _____ I won’t wait.(2005全国高考浙江卷)
A. no doubt B. after all C. in that case D. in this way
分析：从语境中可理解题意为“要是那样的话，我就不等了”。
答案：C
②I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s ______ I have to wait.(2005全国高考卷二)
A. in case B. so that C. in order D. as if
分析:由句意可知“当我去医务室时总要带上点东西,以防等待” .in case “以防”, so that “为了”。
答案:A
2.
use …as …把某物当作…使用
be used to do 被用于…
used to do 过去常常
be/ get used to sth./ doing sth. 习惯于…
eg.
⑴Wood can be used to make desks and chairs. 木头可以被用来制作桌椅。
⑵In ancient times, people used stones as tools for farming.
古代，人民常用石头作为捕食动物的工具。
⑶He used to play a funny role in TV plays.他过去常在电视剧中扮演滑稽的角色。
⑷He has got used to spending his holidays in the countryside.他已习惯于在乡下渡假了。
⑸We used to work in the same workshop. 我们过去在同一个车间工作。
be used to doing sth. 可用quite来修饰。如果强调由不同习惯到习惯这一过程的动作，常用get或become代替。如：
⑴He has become used to staying up late. 他已习惯于熬夜了。
⑵The food in England is strange at first but you’ll soon get used to it.
英国食物乍一吃很不习惯，但不久就能适应了。
⑶After three months she had got used to the extreme heat.
三个月以后她就适应酷热的环境了。
3.remind vt. 提醒，使想起
常用于下列句型：
remind sb. of sth.
remind （sb.）that…
remind sb. to do sth.
eg.
⑴He reminds me of his brother. 他使我想起了他的哥哥。
⑵I reminded him to answer that letter.我提醒他要回信。
⑶I reminded him that he must go home before dark.我提醒他必须要在天黑前回家。
⑷Remind me to take my medicine tomorrow.提醒我明天带着药。
⑸The song reminds me of France.这首歌使我想起了法国。
⑹Travellers are reminded that malaria tablets are advisable.
旅客须知要服用预防疟疾药。
﹡reminder n. 使某人回想起某事或某人的事物；提示
⑴The statue is a lasting reminder of Churchill’s greatness.
这尊塑像使人永远缅怀丘吉尔的伟大功绩。
⑵The waiters were cleaning the tables , which served as a reminder that it was time to leave.服务员在收拾桌子，提醒顾客该走了。
高考题例:
In our childhood, we were often _______ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners.（2005全国高考江苏卷）
A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped
分析:从4个选项看,均为过去分词形式。那么,只需对句意理解和对4个过去分词的动词原形词义辨析便可选对。从题干所提供的语境看,可以排除C项,再从动词搭配来考虑,A项和D项都只能用不定式来直接作宾语,只有remind可接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
答案: B
4.
add …to … 在…中加上
add to… 增加，加强
add up 加起来
add up to… 总共，总共有
eg.
⑴If you add five to five, you get ten. 五加五得十。
⑵Don’t add fuel to the flame. 不要火上加油。
⑶I added sugar to tea. 我往茶里加了糖。
⑷Every time I added up these figures I got a different answer.
每次加起这些数字，我得到的答案都不一样。
⑸Your carelessness added to our difficulty. 你的粗心增加了我们的困难。
⑹His whole schooling added up to no more than one year.他受到的全部学校教育加起来不超过一年。
⑺Travel adds to our understanding of the world.旅游增加了我们对世界的了解。
5.late adj. ＆ adv. 迟的，晚的
later 是late的比较级， adv. 后来（常用于词组later on）
latest 是late的最高级，“最新的，最近的”（可用于词组at the latest“最迟”）
lately 最近（=recently）
latter 后者
eg.
⑴She is always dressed in the latest fashion. 她总是穿最新款的时装。
⑵ We have been doing lots of gardening lately. 近来我们做了很多园艺工作。
⑶ His latest novel is a great success. 他最近出版的小说十分成功。
⑷At first things went well, but later on we ran into trouble.
起初事情进展的很顺利，但后来我们遇到了困难。
⑸One can travel by ship or plane. Most people choose the latter.
乘船或乘飞机去均可，人们多取后者。
⑹Passengers should check in one hour before their flight time at the latest.
乘客至迟应在班机起飞前一小时办理登机手续。
⑺I sat up late last night. 昨夜我一直呆到很晚。
6.under attack 遭受攻击
under 表示“在…（状态）中，在…（情况）下”
eg.
⑴The city was under attack for 100 days. 这座城市被围困了一百天。
⑵The patrol came under attack from all sides.巡逻队遭到来自四面八方的攻击。
⑶The road is under repair and is closed to motor traffic.这条公路正在维修，禁止机动车辆通行。
⑷The problem is under discussion. 这个问题正在讨论中。
⑸The building is under construction.大楼正在建设中。
⑹The subject is under study.这个课题正在研究着。
7.
give in （vi.） 投降，屈服，让步
give in to… （vt.） 向…让步，迁就
give up ( sth./ doing sth.) （vt.＆ vi.） 放弃，不再做（某事）
give off： send out or emit sth. 送出或发出某物
give sth./ sb. away 赠送，有意或无意泄露某事物或出卖某人
give out 用完，消耗尽
eg.
⑴She gave away state secrets to the enemy.她将国家机密泄露给敌人了。
⑵He gave away most of his money to charity.他把大部分钱捐给了慈善事业。
⑶After a month their food supplies gave out.过了一个月，他们的食物已消耗殆尽。
⑷The teacher gave out the examination papers.老师分发了考试卷。
⑸One of the plane’s engines gave out in mid-Atlantic.
飞机在大西洋中部飞行时，其中一个发动机出了故障。
⑹The authorities showed no signs of giving in to the kidnapper’s demands.
当局对绑架者的要求丝毫没有让步的迹象。
⑺The rebels were forced to give in.叛乱者被迫投降。
⑻The cooker is giving off a funny smell.锅里冒出股怪味。
⑼The fire doesn’t seem to be giving off much heat.这炉火好像不太热。
⑽Believe in yourself and never give in.相信你自己，别屈服。
⑾The soldier didn’t give in to the enemy.这个士兵没有向敌人屈服。
高考题例:
①Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may ______ the shocking ending.（2002北京高考）
A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give off
分析:give away此处为“泄露(秘密等)”,give out/off发出,give up放弃。
答案:A
②What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world had _____ （2005全国高考山东卷）
A. given out B. put out C. held out D. used up
分析:give out指“分发,放出,用光”, put out指“生产,出版,扑灭,提供”, hold out“举起,阻挡,使停顿”, use up“耗尽,耗费”。根据句意这里表示“耗尽,用光”,容易仅根据句意而误选D.但如果用 use up,需要用被动语态; give out表示“耗尽,用光”时是不及物的,不用被动语态.
答案:A
8.include：vt. “包括，列在里面”
including： “包括”用在名词之前，表主动意义
included： “被包括”用在名词或代词之后，表被动意义
比较：contain着重指作为组成部分而被包含在内，可指具体的或抽象的事物。
include 用法较广，它的宾语是所包含的部分内容，指整体中的一部分，通常用来附加或补充说明
eg.
⑴The tour includes a visit to the Science Museum. 这次参观包括去科学馆。
⑵All of us, including me/ me included, have read this book.所有的人，包括我在内，都看过这本书。
⑶Your duties will include putting the children to bed.哄小孩入睡也将是你工作的一部分。
⑷The band played many songs, including some of my favourites.
（= The band played many songs, some of my favourites included.）
这支乐队演奏了许多歌曲，其中有我最喜欢的。
⑸The box contains only a few warm-weather clothes. 这个箱子里只有几件热天穿的衣服。
⑸We all went , myself included.（=We all went, including me.） 我们都去了，其中包括我。
⑹I think you’ll find the plan includes most of your suggestion.
我想你会发现这个计划包括了你的大部分建议。
9.
in pieces 成碎片，破碎，落空
in ruins 成为废墟，落空
in 表示某人（某事物）的状态或状况，常用于以下词组中：
in order 整齐
in a mess 凌乱
in good repair 保养良好
in a hurry 匆忙地
in poverty 在贫困中
in poor healthy 健康欠佳
in anger（=angrily ） 愤怒地
eg.
⑴I found the glass lying in pieces on the ground.他发现玻璃杯成了碎片散落在地上。
⑵An earthquake left the whole town in ruins. 地震使整个城市沦为废墟。
⑶His career is in ruins. 他已前途尽毁。
⑷He is in poor health.他的健康欠佳。
⑸He left in a hurry. 他匆匆地离开了。
in 可表示“穿（戴）”（：wearing）
eg.
He is dressed in white.他身着白色服装。
in 表示手段、材料等
eg.
⑴The article was written in ink.这篇文章是用钢笔写的。
⑵Please speak in a loud voice.请大声说出来。
in 表示比率
eg.
One in ten said they preferred their old brand of margarine.
有十分之一的人说比较喜欢老牌子的人造黄油。
in 表示“在某方面，至于”
eg.
⑴It is a country rich in minerals.它是一个矿藏丰富的国家。
⑵He is behind others in reading, but a long way ahead in arithmetic.
他在阅读方面比别人落后，但在算术方面遥遥领先。
⑶It is three feet in length.它的长度是三英尺。
10.据说
It is said that…
…is said to …
eg.
⑴ It is said that you know his address.据说你知道他的地址。
=You are said to know his address.
⑵It is said that he is the best player in his class.据说他是班里最好的队员。
=He is said to be the best player in his class.
⑶It is said that the old temple is of great importance.据说那座古庙很重要。
=The old temple is said to be of great importance.
﹡be said 还可和to have done连用，表示已发生的情况
eg.
⑴He is said to have failed again.据说他又失败了。
⑵They are said to have won the game.据说他们赢了这场比赛。
⑶He is said to have written a novel about Long March.据说他写了一本关于长征的小说。
高考题例：
----Is Bob still performing
----I’m afraid not. He is said ________ the stage already as he has become an official. （2005全国高考江苏卷）
A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
分析：前者问＂Bob还在表演吗＂，后者回答＂恐怕不演了，据说因为他当官已经离开舞台了＂。从设空后的 already 一词可以明显看出Bob离开舞台是过去已经发生的事情，所以此处必须选用不定式的完成式，因而 A项为正确选项。
答案：A
11.pull down 拆除，推掉；使降低，使体质虚弱；拉下（事物）
eg.
⑴The old government was pulled down.旧政府已被推翻了。
⑵The cinema he used to visit has been pulled down.他过去常去的那家电影院已被拆除了。
⑶It’s easier to pull down than build up.拆比建容易。
⑷It was the written paper that pulled him down.是笔试使他落后了。
⑸Since his illness , he is very much pulled down.病后他身体远不如从前了。
⑹Would you please pull down the blinds 请你把窗帘拉下好吗？
其他常用pull 短语：
pull ahead (of sb./ sth.) 领先（于某人/某事物）
pull in/into （指火车）进站
pull sb. round/ though （帮助某人）恢复知觉或健康
pull (sth.) over （使车船等）闪到一边
pull oneself together 控制自己，控制感情等
⑴The car pulled ahead as soon as the road was clear.
路上稍一有空，那辆汽车就抢到前面去了。
⑵The team has pulled well ahead of the rest in the championship.
这个车队在锦标赛中遥遥领先于其他队。
⑶The train pulled in right on time. 这列火车正点到站。
⑷Passengers stood and stretched as the train pulled into the station.
火车进站时旅客们站起来伸了伸懒腰。
⑸She was so ill that it seemed unlikely that she would pull through.
她病得很厉害，看起来不大可能康复了。
⑹A sip of bandy helped to pull him round.给他喝一口白兰地有助于使他苏醒。
⑺Pull （your car） over and let me pass. 把你的车闪开，让我过去。
⑻You must try to pull yourself together. Your family depend on you.
你应该振作起来，你的家庭都指着你呢。
12.by prep.
表示到事物的程度
⑴The bullet missed him by two inches.那子弹差两英寸就打中他了。
⑵The carpet is too short by three feet.那地毯短了三英尺。
⑶The population has increased by one million.人口已增加了一百万。
*按照（某事物），根据
⑴By my watch it is two o’clock.我的手表现在是两点钟。
⑵Judging by appearances can be misleading.凭外表判断是会误事的。
*以连续的单位、批量或程度计
⑴The children came in two by two.孩子们两个两个地进来了。
⑵Little by little the snow disappeared.雪渐渐地融化了。
⑶They determined to move the temple stone by stone.他们决定一块石头一块石头地搬运这座庙。
⑷He is growing up day by day .他一天天地长大了。
⑸Step by step one goes far.千里之行始于足下。
*以某事物为标准或单位
⑴He was paid by the month.他是按月领取薪水。
⑵We sell ice-creams by the thousand in the summer.我们在夏天出售的冰激凌数以千计。
*表示运输方式
They went there by air/ship/car. 他们乘坐飞机/轮船/小汽车去的那里。
*表示被触及、被抓住身体的部位或衣物某处
take sb. by the hand 抓住某人的手
seize sb. by the collar/hair 抓住某人的衣领、头发
13.
in modern times 在现代
in ancient times 在古代
times 常可以用来表示“时代，时期，境况，日子等”
⑴Times have changed and we should not fall behind them.时代变了，我们不应落后于时代。
⑵In ancient times, people lived on wild fruits and beasts.
在古代，人们靠采摘野果、捕食野兽为生。
⑶Times are hard. I have my family to keep.日子过的很艰难，我得养家糊口。
Time 短语：
for the first time 第一次
in time 及时
on time 准时
all the time 一直
at the same time 同时
at times 有时候
ahead of time 提前
in no time 立刻，马上
behind the times 落后于时代
from time to time 间或，偶尔
kill time 消磨时光
take one’s time 沉住气，慢慢来
in time of 在…时候
have a good/ wonderful time 玩的高兴
time and time again 再三，一遍又一遍
at a time 一次
14.
compete in … 参加…比赛
compete with/ against sb. （for sth.） 与…竞赛（竞争）
eg.
⑴A total of twenty athletes competes in the shot put.一共有二十名运动员参加了铅球比赛。
⑵Twenty girls competed in the race. 二十位姑娘参加了赛跑。
⑶Several companies are competing against/with each other for the contract.
几家公司正为争取一项合同而相互竞争。
⑷This is the horse that has competed in the Grand National four times.
这就是参加过四次‘英国大赛马’的马。
*competition n. 比赛，竞赛
⑴He came first in the poetry competition. 他获诗歌比赛第一名。
⑵We are in competition with several other companies for the contact.
我们与另几家公司角逐争取这项合同。
⑶She took the second place in the beauty competition. 她在选美比赛中获得了第二名。
*competitor n. 竞争者，比赛者
competitive adj. 比赛的，竞争的，不亚于或超过他人的
⑴The firm has better products than its competitors. 这公司的产品比其对手的好。
⑵Our firm is no longer competitive in world markets. 我们公司在世界市场上已不占优势。
15.tie v. 绑，系；打成平局
*tie …to… 把…和…系在一起
tie （with sb.） 与（另一参加者）得分相同
tie sb. up 捆绑某人；缠住某人使之无暇顾及他事
tie sth. up 捆或扎某物，难以动用（资金）
⑴The prisoners’ hands were tied back.犯人的手被绑在身后。
⑵He tied his dog to a big tree.他把狗栓在一棵大树上。
⑶The two teams tied （with each other）.这两个队不分胜负。
⑷I tied up the parcel.我捆好了包裹。
⑸Most of the money’s tied up in property.他大部分资金都投在房地产上无法动用。
⑹The thieves left the night-watchman tied up and gagged.
窃贼把夜班守卫员捆住，把他的嘴也堵住了。
⑺I’m tied up in a meeting until 3pm.我开会直到三点钟方可离开。
*tie n. 领带，连接物，束缚，平局
⑴Each team scored twice and the game ended in a tie.
每个队都有两次得分，比赛不分胜负。
⑵The firm has ties with an American corporation.
该公司与美国一家公司有关系。
⑶He was wearing a white shirt and a red tie.
他身穿白色衬衫，戴着一条红色领带。
⑷Pets can be a tie when you want to go away on holiday.
要想外出渡假时，宠物会成为牵累。
16.
join 指参加某个组织或团体，成为其中一员
join （sb.）in sth./ doing sth. 指参加活动或比赛，多用于日常口语。
attend 正式用语，及物动词，指参加会议或仪式（如婚礼、葬礼、典礼等；上学、上课、听报告等）
take park in 指参加会议或群众性活动等，强调参加这一活动的人在此项活动中所起的作用
go in for 指参加某项比赛、活动、考试等；还有“爱好”的意思。
enter for 指报名参加某项比赛
⑴Will you join me in a walk 你和我一起去散步好吗？
⑵The teacher joined them in the experiment.老师和他们一起做实验。
⑶Almost all the class teams joined in the basketball match.
我校几乎所有的班队都参加了这次篮球赛。
⑷How many people entered for the competition 有多少人报名参加比赛？
⑸Jack has gone in for the high-jump, but I don’t think he has a chance to win.
杰克去参加跳高比赛了，但我觉得他获胜机会很小。
⑹He goes in for gymnastics.他喜欢体操。
⑺We will take part in social activities during the summer vacation.
我们暑假期间将参加社会活动。
⑻He’ll attend an important meeting tomorrow.
他明天要参加一个重要的会议。
⑼They didn’t attend the wedding.他们没参加婚礼。
⑽He attended school at the age of six. 他六岁上学。
⑾My wish is to join the army after graduation. 我的愿望是毕业后参军。
⑿ Her husband joined her in her search for this unknown radiation.
她丈夫和她一起寻找这种不知名的射线。
17.Why not Why don’t you 为什么不…？
这两种句式都是向对方提出忠告或建议，前者是后者的省略形式，所以后接动词时不带to如：
⑴It looks like rain. Why not take a raincoat 快要下雨了，你为什么不带件雨衣呢？
⑵Since you have to stay at home, why don’t you do some reading
既然你必须呆在家里，为什么不读点书呢？
另外，Why not 也可以单独使用，表示“为什么不行？”“好啊”“请别客气”
eg.
⑴
---You shouldn’t go out with me.
---Why not
“你不该跟我出去。” “为什么不行？”
⑵---Let’s go to the cinema.
---Why not
“我们去看电影吧。” “好啊。（为什么不呢 ）”
注：Why+不带to的不定式用来表示某动作没有必要或意义。如：
Why argue with him He’ll never change his mind.
为什么要跟他争论？他永远也不会改变看法的。
高考题例:
①
----Let’s go to a movie after work, OK
----_______.（2005全国高考山东卷）
A. Not at all B. Why not C. Never mind. D. What of it
分析: Not at all用来回答Thank you; Never mind.用来回答道歉; What of it =So what 表示“那又有什么重要的 ”; Why not “为什么不呢”表示非常同意对方.根据句意应选B,表示同意对方的建议.在选择交际用语时要注意说话的情景及说话者的真正含义.
答案:B
②
----How about putting some pictures into the report
------________. A picture is worth a thousand words.（2005全国高考江苏卷）
A. No way. B. Why not C. All right？ D. No matter.
分析：前者问对方在报告中插入一些图画如何，后者回答一副画能抵得上一千个单词，说明后者非常赞同前者的提议．No way 表示拒绝对方要求的应答，No matter表示“没关系，不要紧，没什么大不了的”，All right表示“行吗？合适吗”，显示说话者的语气不确定．所以只有B选项Why not 含有鼓励和赞同的意思，符合句意．
答案：B
18.prepare vt. ﹠ vi. 准备
*prepare sth. 准备某物
prepare for sth. 为某事做准备
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
prepare sb. for sth./ to do sth. 使某人准备好做某事
be (well) prepared for sth./ to do sth. 为做某事做好了准备
⑴They are preparing a book fair.他们正在筹备书展。
⑵Mother is preparing dinner in the kitchen.妈妈正在厨房里准备晚饭。
⑶We are preparing for the coming English exam.我们正在为即将到来的英语考试做准备。
⑷If the bus doesn’t come, we must be prepared to walk. 如果公共汽车不来，我们必须准备步行。
*preparation n.
in preparation for（介词短语） 为…做准备
make preparations for 为…做准备
⑴She bought a new coat in preparation for winter.她买了一件新外衣准备过冬。
⑵We have made preparations for the coming exam.我们已为即将到来的考试作了准备。
⑶The meal is in preparation. 饭菜正在准备中。
⑷He packed his bags in preparation for the journey. 他打好提包，为旅行做准备。
高考题例：
----What’s that terrible noise
----The neighbors _______ for a party. (2004全国高考北京卷)
A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare
分析：根据“What’s that terrible noise？”（那乱哄哄的声音是怎么回事），可知“邻居们正在为开一个派队而做准备”
答案：B
19.every adj. 与数词连用，表示“每…，每隔…”，表示时间或空间的间隔。
*every+基数词+名词复数
every+序数词+单数名词
every few+复数名词 （每隔几…）
every other+单数名词 （每隔一…）
如：
每两年/每隔一年：
every two years
every second year
every other year
每三年/每隔两年：
every three years
every third year
每隔一天/行：every other day/line
每隔几米： every few metres (every few 这个搭配中不能加上a)
*以上用法中不能把every换成each
高考题例:
These planes are watered_______.（北京2001春）
A. each other day B. every other day
C. each of two days D. every of two days
分析:每隔一天可以说:every second/other day 或every two days
答案: B
20.room n. “空间，空地”，不可数名词； “房间” ，可数名词
*leave room for 为…留出地方
make room for 为…腾出地方
⑴There is room beside e alone. 我旁边还有空位，过来吧。
⑵There was only standing room in the square. 广场上只有站着的地方了。
⑶There is no room for changes.没有改动的余地了。
⑷This table takes up too much room.这张桌子占地方太大了。
⑸Can you make room on that shelf for more books
你能在那个书架上腾出些地方再放些书吗？
⑹He is in the next room.他在隔壁房间里。
高考题例：
If you don’t take away all your things from the desk, there won’t be enough______ for my stationery.（2000上海高考）
A. area B. place C. room D. surface
分析：place指具体的地方、场所,是可数名词,如:This place seems familiar to me---I think I’ve been here before.（这地方好像很熟悉----大概我从前来过这里）; area是指（地球表面的地区、区域）,是可数名词;根据题意:‘如果你不把桌子上的所有东西拿走，就没有地方放我的文具了’，这里指的是能放东西的“空间”, room 为不可数名词。
答案：C
21.dare
*vt. “敢,敢于”,后面常跟带to的动词不定式,有时也可省去to
eg.
⑴I did not dare (to) move. 我不敢动。
⑵I don’t know how she dares to wear that dress. 我不知道她怎么敢穿那件连衣裙。
⑶I’ve never dared (to) go back to look.我再也不敢回去看一眼了。
*aux.“胆敢,竟敢”,无人称和数的变化,用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中
eg.
⑴How dare you say I’m unfair 你怎么敢说我不公平
⑵He dare not speak English before such a crowd, dare he 他不敢在这么多人面前说英语,是吗
⑶They said he dared not come.他们说他不敢来。
*I dare say 我揣测
eg.
You are tired, I dare say. 你可能累了
高考题例:
I wonder how he ______ that to the teacher. （1995上海高考）
A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say
分析: A应为dares to say; B,C排除;dare为情态动词,有过去式, 即dared.
答案:D
同步练习:
一、单词拼写:
1.You can take some______（胶囊）to treat your cold.
2.They p_____ down the old building to build a hotel.
3.You have to______（更换）the old office equipment with computers.
4.The red lines on the maps r_______ railways.
5.The painter is very good at painting people. He is a good p______ painter.
6.When people speak they like to use _____（手势）to help them.
7.The lovely girl’s f_____ expressions suggest that she is very happy.
8.Sportsmen try their best to_______（竞争）for gold medals.
9.Her new red dress produced quite a good _____（影响）on everyone.
10.Jack’s parents are satisfied with him as he ______（排列）no.4 in the mid－term exam.
11.Those who love peace wish to seek a peaceful s______ to the argument.
12.Why do _______（青少年）like cell phones so much？
13.When you _______（按）the button , the machine will open quickly.
14.The Los Angles Lakers and the Spurs _______（战平）2-2 in the semi-final.
15.The S_______ of Liberty stands on Manhattan Island.
二、单项选择:
1.Teaching is an art _______on a science.
A. basing B. based C. is based D. bases
2.Blackmail（敲诈）is something that should never be______； but that’s easier said than done.
A. given up B. given in C. given up to D. given in to.
3.He has great difficulty in working out the problem ，so we should do what we_____ him.
A. can help B. can do help C. can to help D. can helping.
4.When she returned home ,she began to ______her long hair and wash it.
A. pull up B. pull down C. do up D. do down.
5.I don’t know the restaurant, but it’s_______ to be a good one.
A. said B. told C. spoken D. talked.
6.He was a good swimmer, so he ______ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.
A. could B. might C. must D. was able to.
7 .It ______ almost every day so far this month.
A. rains B. is raining C. rained D. has rained.
8.He went back home _____and never failed to do that.
A. every another day B. every two day
C. every other day D. every second days.
9.Her hair’s the same colour ________ .
A. of her mother B. as her mother.
C. with her mother’s D. as her mother’s.
10.He promised me that he would do his best _______ here in time.
A. arriving B. getting to C. to reach D. to arrive at.
11.You can never imagine ________ he takes in doing the experiment.
A. part B. a part C. the part D. parts.
12.There will be a discussion tomorrow ；all those who want to_______ , please raise your hands.
A. join B. take part C. take apart D. take part in.
13.Jack is sure to pass the exam , for he is well ________ for it.
A. preparing B. prepared C. of ready D. getting ready
14.Gandhi was ______ a clever lawyer and a political leader ； he was also a determined fighter for human rights.
A. just B. really C. more than D. above
15.Time ______ , you should get down to work now .
A. touches B. presses C. short D. little
16.It’s better to keep a little for the night _______need.
A. in danger of B. in face of C. in the way of D. in case of.
17.Her kindness ______her beauty .
A. added B. added to C. added up to D. was added to
18.I’m very sorry that I didn’t succeed ______ myself understood.
A. to make B. making C. to have made D. in making
19.Many new questions ________ at the meeting .
A. went up B. raised C. came up with D. came up
20.The boy had always dreamed _______ a teacher , and now his dream has ______ .
A. to become ；come truly B. of becoming； come true
C. to become ；come true D. of becoming ；come truly.
答案与提示:
一、
1.capsules
2.pulled
3.replace
4.represent
5.portrait
6.gestures
7.facial
8.compete
9.effect
10.ranked
11.solution
12.teenagers
13.press
14tied
15.Statue
二、
1.B be based on “以…为基础” ，此处过去分词短语做定语。
2 D give in to 向…让步 ，迁就。
3 C do what we can to help sb.尽力去帮助某人 ，不定式作目的状语 。
4.B pull down 此处为“拉下，放开”。
5.A 据说 sth.is said to ；it is said that sth …….
6.D be able to表示设法做成了某事，侧重结果。
7.D so far 到目前为止，与完成时连用。
8.C 每隔一天：every two days/every other day/every second day.
9.D the same … as 与… 相似 。
10.C do one’s best to do, here 此处为名词 。
11.C take a part in 因从句为定语从句 ，part 为先行词，故用the part he takes.
12.B take part 参加，若有宾语加in .
13.B be well prepared for 做好了准备。
14.C more than 不仅是，相当于 not only.
15.B press 此处为不及物动词，“紧迫”。
16.D in case of 万一发生……
17.B add to 增加；add up to 加起来总计。
18.D succeed in doing sth..成功地干某事。
19.D come up 被提出，主语是物，come up with 主语为人顾应用被动形式，raise 也应用被动式。
20.B dream of dong sth ；come true 实现。北 京 四 中
高考综合复习：Book 1 Unit 4---6
重点词汇与短语：
1.take place 发生
2.so---that 如此---以致于
3.sweep sb. down 冲倒
4.pull up 拽起，停车
5.hold on to 抓住，握住
6.get on one’s feet 站起来
7.go on a holiday 度假
8.far away from 远离
9.on fire 着火
10.such as 例如
11.travel agent 旅行社
12.be caught in 遭遇到
13.think twice 三思
14.think highly of 对---评价很高
15.stare at 盯着
16.leave out 遗漏
17.take off 脱下，起飞
18.go wrong 出问题
19.in all 总之
20.on the air 广播
21.make jokes about 开---的玩笑
22.play a role 扮演角色
23.make money 挣钱
24.owe success to sb. 把成功归功于某人
25.start with 以---开始
26.a thank-you letter 一封感谢信
27.introduce---to--- 将---介绍给---
28.make a good impression 留下好印象
29.the custom of toasting 敬酒的习俗
30.apologize to sb. for sth. 因为某事向某人道歉
交际用语:
1.Well done! 做得好！
2.You can do it! 你能行！
3.Come on! 快点！
4.It scares me. 这让我害怕。
5.Keep trying! 再试试！
6.How do you like/find--- 你认为---怎么样？
7.What do you think of--- 你认为---怎么样？
8.Excuse me. 对不起。
9.Forgive me. 请原谅。
10.I’m (very/so/terribly) sorry. 十分抱歉。
11.I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to---. 对不起，我不是有意---。
12.That’s all right./ That’s OK./ No problem. 没关系。
知识点归纳:
1.advance
(1) v. 前进,推进,促进,提升
Napoleon’s army advanced towards Moscow. 那破仑的军队向莫斯科挺进了。
Two months has passed and the project has advanced.
两个月过去了，这项工程已有进展。
(2) n. 前进，进展
The commander ordered to halt the enemy’s advance. 司令下令阻止敌军前进。
He’s always paying attention to the advances in medical science.
他时刻注意着医学上的进步。
（3）in advance 预先，在---之前
I was given a month’s salary in advance. 我提前发了一个月的工资。
（4）advanced adj. 高级的，先进的
Einstein learned advanced mathematics all by himself at 13.
爱因斯坦13岁就能自学高等数学了。
Few scientists could understand his advanced theory at that time.
那时没几个科学家能理解他高深的理论。
2.seize vt.
(1) 抓住，捉住
The thief was seized by the police. 那个小偷被警察抓住了。
He seized me by the arm. 他抓住了我的胳膊。
(2) 抓住（时机）
If you get the opportunity to work abroad, you should seize it with both hands.
如果你有出国工作的机会，切勿放过。
Seize the day, seize the hour!
只争朝夕！
（3）（思想、感情等）支配人的头脑
The man was seized with panic. 这个人惊慌失措。
Uncontrollable laughter seized us. 我们不由自主地大笑起来了。
3.strike vt. vi. (struck, struck/stricken)
(1) 打，击，砍，敲
strike a blow 击出一拳
strike a match 划火柴
I wouldn’t dream of striking a woman. 我做梦也不会打女人。
He was so angry that he struck the table with his fist. 他气得用拳头砸桌子。
(2) 打中，击中；撞，触礁
A snow ball struck/hit him on the back of the head. 一个雪球打中了他的后脑勺。
Then my shovel struck against something metallic.
然后我的铲子碰到了一件像金属的东西。
（3）（某种想法）忽然出现；使（某人）突然意识到
It strikes sb. that--- 忽然意识到
be struck by--- 深受感动
The funny side of the affair suddenly struck her. 她突然意识到了事情可笑的一面。
We were struck by the generosity of even the poorest citizens.
使我们深受感动的是，甚至最贫穷的市民也慷慨大方。
（4） 给某人某种印象
---How did it strike you 你觉得它如何？
---It struck me as strange at the time. 我当时觉得它很古怪。
（5）（钟）敲响
The church clock began to strike twelve. 教堂的钟开始敲12点。
(6) 突然袭击
When the snake strikes, its mouth opens wide.
蛇发起进攻时，嘴张得很大。
I fear an earthquake will strike this area again. 我担心地震会再次发生在这一地区。
(7) 罢工 （也可用做名词）
I’m sure the bus drivers will strike/ go on strike. 我确信公共汽车司机会罢工。
(8) strike, beat, hit, tap, knock
strike 常表示用力打或敲
hit 有“撞击，袭击”之意，比strike稍弱一些，指一次性的打击或击中
beat 指连续多次的打，也指有节奏的击打，还可表示打败
tap 指轻拍
knock 指敲打并伴有响声，还可表示打倒、撞翻
考题链接：
(1) It _____ her how quiet and gentle he was.
A. beat B. hit C. struck D. knock
(2) He sat quietly in the room, listening to the rain ____ against the window.
A. beating B. hitting C. striking D. knocking
答案 C A
分析 第一题表示“使某人忽然意识到”，用strike; 第二题表示连续敲打，用beat.
4.感官动词 see, hear, find, notice, watch + 宾语 + 宾补
(1) 感官动词 + 宾语 + doing, 表示宾补的动作正在发生。
We can see parrots flying along the river. 我们可以看到鹦鹉在沿着河边飞翔。
I can feel my heart beating fast. 我可以感觉到我的心跳得很快。
(2) 感官动词 + 宾语 + do, 表示宾补的动作已经完成。
I saw him cross the street. 我看见他过了马路。
I didn’t notice you enter. 我没注意你进来了。
(3) 感官动词 + 宾语 + done, 表示宾语和宾补之间是被动关系。
I found his hands tied to a tree. 我发现他的双手被绑在树上。
He saw the girl bitten by the dog. 他看到那个女孩被狗咬了。
5.fight
(1) vt. 和---作战
We are fighting pollution now. 我们正在和污染作斗争。
(2) vi.
fight against 为反对---而斗争
The slaves fought against the slavery. 奴隶们为推翻奴隶制度而战。
fight for 为（争取）---而斗争
He called on the slaves to fight for freedom. 他号召奴隶们为自由而战。
fight with 同---一起战斗，与---战斗
France fought with Germany in that war. 在那场战争中法国对德国作战。
fight over 因为---而争吵
The twin sisters always fight over toys. 这对双胞胎姐妹经常因为玩具而争吵。
(3) n. 战斗，搏斗
This film is about people’s fight for right. 这部电影反映了人民争取自己权利的斗争。
Our country has started a fight against corruption. 我国已经开始了一场反腐败斗争。
(4) fight, war, battle, struggle
fight 意为“战争”，指战争的动作。
They fought back in self-defence. 他们进行了自卫还击。
war 指全面战争，包含多次。
We experienced two world wars in the last century.
上个世纪我们经历了两次世界大战。
battle 战役，指大的、连续数小时数天的战争。
the battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役
struggle 指较长时间的激烈的争斗，常指肉体、精神上的战斗。
They had to struggle for their freedom. 他们不得不为自由而战。
The army struggled against Japanese Imperialist. 这部队与日本帝国主义作斗争。
6.take place, happen, break out
take place 多表示按计划或规定要发生的事情。
happen 常用词，有偶然发生之意。
break out 常指战争、火灾和疾病的爆发。
三个词组都为不及物动词，没有被动语态。
A fire broke out in his house last night. 昨晚他家里失火了。
He was in French when the Second World War broke out. 二战爆发时他在法国。
When did the traffic accident happen 交通事故是什么时候发生的？
Something strange has happened to the chemistry teacher. 化学老师出了点奇怪的事情。
When will the sports meet take place 运动会什么时候举行？
Great changes have taken place in his hometown since 1980.
从1980年以来他的家乡发生了巨变。
7.destroy vt. 破坏，毁灭，毁掉
The school was completely destroyed by fire. 学校被大火彻底烧毁了。
That accident destroyed her ballet career. 那次事故毁掉了她的芭蕾生涯。
destroy 表示彻底毁掉，也可用于抽象意义，可指人或物。
damage 通常指车辆、房屋、庄稼等无生命物体受到损伤或毁坏，但往往可以修复。可用作名词。
ruin 表示毁坏某种好的或有用的东西。
The chemical rain damages trees in the forests. 酸雨损害了森林中的树木。
The precious painting was ruined by spilt milk. 洒出来的牛奶毁坏了那幅珍贵的画。
The storm caused great damage to the crops. 这场风暴给庄稼造成了很大的损害。
8.award
(1) 可数名词，主要指“奖品，奖赏，奖金”，有时也指“报酬，工资”。
Meryl Streep won the best actress award. 梅丽尔斯特里普获最佳女演员奖。
The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award. 奥运会冠军的奖品是一枚金牌。
The nurses’ pay award was not as much as they had expected.
护士的工资远没有她们预想的那么多。
(2) vt. 给予，授予，判给
Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in quantum physics.
爱因斯坦因在量子物理学方面的成就而被授予诺贝尔奖。
The university awarded her a scholarship. 那所大学给她发了奖学金。
(3) priz 主要用于表示“获得几等奖”或“获奖金额”，常说
win a prize for---
award sb. a prize
reward 可用做名词或动词，指“报答，报偿，奖赏”。
考题链接：
It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to ____.
A. rewards B. prizes C. awards D. results
答案 A
分析 该句意思为“人们普遍认为小孩子学会做事是因为这些行为会带来奖赏/回报”。
9.owe vt.
(1) 欠（债）
If he has borrowed some money from her, and has not paid her back, he owes her the money.
如果他借了她的钱没归还，他就欠她钱。
How much do I owe you 我欠你多少钱？
We owe our parents a lot. 我们对父母感激不尽。
(2) owe sth. to sb. 感激，把---归功于---
He owes his success to our help. 他把成功归功于我们的帮助。
We owe a great deal to our parents and teachers. 我们深受父母及师长之恩。
I owe it to you that I am still alive. 我现在还活着，应该感激你。
(3) owing to 由于，因为
Owing to the rain they could not come. 因为下雨，他们不能来。
Owing to the drought, crops are short. 因为天旱，收成不好。
10.live adj. 活的，生动的，精力充沛的，实况转播的
It wasn’t a recorded show; it was live. 这不是录像，是实况转播。
They gave live broadcast while the performances were in process on the stage.
当演出在舞台上进行时他们进行了实况转播。
The concert will be broadcast live. 这次演唱会将进行实况转播。
That is a live fish. 那是一条活鱼。
The laboratory is conducting experiments with a dozen live monkeys.
该实验室在用十多只活猴子进行实验。
She is a live woman. 她是一位精力充沛的女人。
live 当“活的”讲时，只修饰动物，如a live mouse, a live snake
11.take off
(1) 脱掉，摘掉（反义词为put on）
I forgot to take off my make-up last night. 我昨天晚上忘了卸妆。
He took off his coat and went to sleep. 他脱下外衣睡觉了。
(2) (飞机)起飞，起跑
As the plane was taking off, I remembered I didn’t turn the iron off.
飞机起飞时，我才想起我没有切断熨斗的电源。
When we went to the airport, the plane had taken off. 我们到机场时，飞机已经起飞了。
(3) 休假，一般说take some time off
I’m taking Thursday off to do some Christmas shopping.
我周四要休假去买一些圣诞礼物。
(4) 开始成功，成名
I hear the business is really taking off. 我听说生意真的开始兴隆了。
Spielberg’s career really took off when he began to shoot his short films.
斯皮尔伯格开始从事短片拍摄时，他的事业真正腾飞了。
(5) take in 吸收，理解；收留
take back 使回忆起；追回
take over 接管，接任
take up 开始从事；占去（时间、空间）；拿起（武器）
高考链接：
(1)It is certain that he will ______ his business to his son when he gets old. (福建2004)
A. take over B. think over C. hand over D. go over
(2)Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ______ most of her day.
(广东2004)
A. takes up B. makes up C. saves up D. puts up
答案
(1) C hand sth. over to sb. “把---传给某人”
(2) A take up “占用时间”
12.
go wrong “变坏，变得糟糕，出错”，go 用做联系动词，表示状况由好变坏。
go bad 变坏，变腐烂
go hungry 挨饿
go mad 发疯
The computer went wrong. 电脑坏了。
Fish goes bad in hot weather. 热天鱼很快腐烂。
He has gone deaf. 他变聋了。
13.
think highly/well/much of 对---评价很高
think ill/badly/poorly/little of 对---评价不好
Premier Zhou was highly thought of in China. 周总理在中国深受好评。
Not all the teachers are well thought of by the students. 学生不是对所有老师印象都好。
highly, high 都可用作副词，high表示具体的高度，highly表示引申含义，“高度地”。类似表达还有wide/widely, deep/deeply, close/closely。
He jumped very high. 他跳得很高。
We all speak highly of Mr. Smith. 我们对史密斯先生评价很高。
Open your mouth wide. 把嘴张大。
English is widely used in the world. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。
He dived deep into the sea. 他潜到海里很深的地方。
They were deeply moved when hearing this. 听到这些，他们被深深地感动了。
14.manner
(1) 礼貌，规矩，用复数manners
It’s bad manners to talk with a full mouth. 嘴里吃着东西是很不礼貌的。
Mind your manners. 注意礼貌。
(2) 态度，举止，用作不可数名词。
His manner shows his honesty. 他的态度表明了他的诚实。
Though ugly in appearance, he is soft in manner. 虽然他的相貌丑陋，但举止很温柔。
(3) 手段，方法，用作可数名词。
He told the story in a frightening manner. 他以吓人的方式讲故事。
Do it in this manner. 用这种方式来做。
15.interrupt vt. vi.
(1) 打断，插嘴
It’s not polite to interrupt a speaker. 打断别人说话是不礼貌的。
Don’t interrupt; let him go on speaking. 别插嘴，让他继续说。
(2) 阻止，中断
I interrupt my work to watch TV. 我停下手里的活去看电视。
The war interrupted the trade between the two countries. 战争中断了两国间的贸易。
16.impression n. 印象
get an impression 得到某印象
have/make a good impression on sb. 给某人留下好印象
be under the impression that 觉得，以为
What were your first impressions of Beijing 你对北京的第一印象如何？
The book left/made a deep impression on him. 这本书给他留下了深刻的印象。
What he said gave her a bad impression. 他的话给它留下了恶劣的印象。
Everybody had the impression that she was a good match for the young man.
每个人都觉得她和那个年轻人是天生的一对。
17.mean vt.
(1) 意味着
Life to him means struggle. 对他来说生活意味着斗争。
His words means a lot to me. 他的话对我来说意味着许多。
What do you mean by saying this 你说这话是什么意思？
Nodding the head means agreement. 点头就是同意。
(2) mean to do 打算做某事
What do you mean to do next 下一步你打算做什么？
I mean to write a letter to my girlfriend. 我打算给我的女朋友写封信。
I know I have hurt her feelings, but I didn’t mean to.
我知道我伤害了她，但这不是我的本意。
I had meant to apologize to him, but I changed my mind.
我本打算向他道歉，但又改变了主意。
(3) mean doing 意味着---
Her smile means being happy. 她的微笑意味着正高兴。
Waving the hand means saying goodbye. 挥手意味着道别。
If it means delaying one more week, I will not wait.
如果这意味着拖延一个星期，我就不等了。
(4) mean sb. to do 打算要某人做---
I mean you to repair my bike. 我打算要你给我修自行车。
I had meant you to get up early, but you got up late.
我本打算要你早起，但你起晚了。
He meant his son to succeed. 他要他的儿子成功。
(5) means n. 手段，方法；工具（单复数同形）
a means of transportation 交通工具
a means of communication 通讯方式
by all means 无论如何，务必
by means of 借助---
by this means 通过这种方式
They tried all possible means. 他们尝试过一切可能的方式。
There is/are no means of getting there. 没有办法可以到达那里。
Finish it by all means. 无论如何都要完成它。
Thoughts can also be expressed by means of music. 思想也可借助音乐表达。
We’ll be connected with that factory by this means. 我们将用这种方式与那个工厂联系。
18.must 表推测
(1) 对现在事实的推测，用 must be/do sth.
对过去事实的推测，用must have done
He must be over 70 now. 他现在肯定有70多岁了。
He knows something about Beijing. I think he must have been there.
他对北京有所了解，我想他一定去过那儿。
(2) 表推测否定形式为 can’t do, can’t/couldn’t have done。
He can’t be from America, for his English is not good at all.
他不可能是从美国来的，因为他的英语一点也不好。
He can’t have bought this book, for he is reading mine.
他不可能买了这本书，因为他正在看我的。
(3) 含must表推测的句子，反意疑问句应根据实际时态的动词形式决定。
He must be Mr. Chen, isn’t he
(去掉must后的陈述句为：He is Mr. Chen.)
He must have stayed at home yesterday, didn’t he
(还原为: He stayed at home yesterday.)
You must have met him before, haven’t you
（还原为：You have met him before.）
高考链接：
(1) ---Tom graduated from college at a very young age.
---Oh, he ____ have been a very smart student. (NMET 2004)
A. could B. should C. might D. must
答案：D
分析：对过去情况的肯定推测，用must have done。
(2) He ____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. (北京2005)
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
答案：B
分析： 同上题。
(3) I _____ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.
A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
答案：B
分析：对过去的否定推测用 can’t/couldn’t have done。
19.introduce vt.
(1) 介绍
Let me introduce myself first. 先让我作一下自我介绍。
May I introduce you to Mr. Brown 让我介绍你跟布郎先生认识好吗？
(2) 引进，提出
They introduced the idea that children could learn to read as babies.
他们提出在婴儿阶段就可教小孩认字这个想法。
Who introduced the bad idea 谁提出的这个糟糕的想法？
They introduced a topic for discussion. 他们提出议题供讨论。
(3) （以---）开始
I introduced my class with a funny story. 我以一个有趣的故事开始我的课。
What did he introduce the program with 他以什么开始节目的？
Relative pronouns introduce adjective clauses. 关系代词引出定语从句。
(4) 使认识，使知道
Tom introduced me to jazz. 汤姆使我了解了爵士乐。
Watching TV programs introduced me to this play.
看电视使我了解了这个戏剧。
20.否定前缀
(1) in-
indirect adj. 间接的
inability n. 无能力
inaction n. 无行动
(2) un-
unhappy 不高兴的 unlike 不像的
uncomfortable 不舒服的 uncommon 不常见的
unable 不能的 uncertain 不确定的
unafraid 不害怕的
(3) dis-
disagree 不同意 dislike 不喜欢 disabled 残废的
(4) im-
impossible 不可能的 improbable 不大可能的 impolite 没礼貌的
(5) non-
nonstop 不停的 non-smoker 不吸烟者
否定前缀词作谓语时，反意疑问部分通常仍用否定形式。
He disagrees to my plan, doesn’t he 他不同意我的计划，是吗？
Tom is unlike his mother, isn’t he 汤姆不象他妈妈，是吗？
21.fashion n. 流行，时髦，时尚
a fashion show 时装表演
set a/the fashion 领导潮流
follow the fashion 赶时髦
come into fashion 流行起来
go out of fashion 渐渐过时
be in fashion 正流行
be out of fashion 不再流行
Wide trousers are the latest fashion. 宽腿裤是最新流行的款式。
She arranged flowers in/after her own fashion. 她以自己的方式插花。
Fashions for men’s clothes change less frequently than fashions for women’s clothes.
男装的式样不如女装的式样变化多。
When did that style of dress come into/go out of fashion
那种衣服的样式什么时候流行/不流行？
* fashionable adj. 时髦的，流行的
a fashionable dressmaker 有钱人光顾的裁缝
a fashionable summer resort 时髦的避暑胜地
22.besides
(1) prep. 除了---之外还有---
There were three more visitors besides me. 除我之外，还有三位访客。
Besides being a scholar, he was a famous writer. 他除了是位学者，还是位有名的作家。
Do you have any other books besides these
除了这些书，你还有没有其它的呢？
(2) 除了---之外（不再有），用于否定句，相当于except.
Nobody knows the truth besides him. 除他之外没有人知道真相。
(3) adv. 而且，此外
She is still young and beautiful besides. 她仍然年轻而且漂亮。
It is too late to go now. Besides, it is beginning to rain.
现在出去太晚了，而且开始下雨了。
同步练习：
一、单项选择：
1.The roof fell _____ he had time to rush out.
A. until B. before C. when D. since
2.We walked as fast as we could, _____ to catch the early train.
A. hoped B. having hoped C. for hoping D. hoping
3.Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain _____ an inch.
A. by B. at C. to D. from
4.---We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
---What do you think _____ to her
A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened
5.Beyond _____ stars, the astronauts saw nothing but _____ space.
A. the, / B. /, the C. /, / D. the, the
6.---Why haven’t you bought any butter
---I ____ to, but I forgot about it.
A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected
7.---I must apologize ____ you know ahead of time.
---That’s all right.
A. for letting not B. for not letting C. to let D. not to let
8.Won’t you shut up I think you ______.
A. were going too far B. had done wrong
C. did wrong D. are going too far
9.Hurry up! The train ______. You know it _____ at 8:30 am.
A. leaves, leaves B. is leaving, leaves
C. leaves, is leaving D. is leaving, is leaving
10.---Have a nice weekend!
---______.
A. The same to you
B. You do too
C. The same as you
D. You have it too
11.It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ____ to her mother.
A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing
12.We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to _____ it. It might be valuable.
A. hold on to B. keep C. turn to D. look after
13.He was so ____ when he saw a _____ snake that he jumped _____.
A. frightened, frightened, in fright
B. frightened, frightening, with fright
C. frightening, frightening, in fright
D. frightening, frightened, with fright
14.The factory is ______ new techniques from abroad this year.
A. borrowing B. buying C. bringing D. introducing
15.---Let me introduce myself. I’m Robert.
---_____.
A. What a pleasure
B. It’s a pleasure
C. Pleased to meet you
D. I’m very pleased
二、单词拼写：
1.He was _________(营救) from imprisonment.
2.He had several __________(机会) to go abroad but her never took them.
3.They have done much to ________(推进) the cause of peace in the world.
4.I’ll _______(讨论) this question with my friend.
5.He was ________(授予，颁发) the prize for being the fastest runner.
6.We were late, _______(因为) to the snow.
7.I can’t ________(花得起) time to go traveling.
8.I _______(收到) an invitation, but I didn’t accept it.
9.The cat was playing with a ______(活的) mouse.
10.It’s bad _______(礼貌，礼仪) to leave without saying goodbye.
11.Don’t ______(打扰) me while I’m busy.
12.His first speech as president made a strong ______(印象) on his audience.
13.Social _______(风俗) vary greatly from country to country.
14.The teacher has just ______(介绍) the new pupil to the rest of the class.
15.He _______(拆开) the letter and began to read it.
三、书面表达：
写一篇100字左右的报道，报道一次火灾事故。
起火时间：2004年2月15日上午11点20分。
起火地点：吉林省吉林市中百商厦。
起火原因：一员工将点燃的香烟掉落在库房，引燃地上纸屑。
持续时间：至15点40分将火扑灭。
伤亡情况：死亡54人，受伤70人。
50多辆消防车和260多名消防官兵参加灭火，经济损失巨大。
答案与分析：
一、
1.B 由题意“他还没来得及跑出来，房顶就塌了”可知rush out 前就fell 了。
2.D 本题为doing做伴随状语，由题意“我们尽快赶路以期赶上早班车”可知hope动作与walk动作同时发生。
3.A 题意为“幸运的是，子弹差一英尺没有射中上尉”，介词by可以和表示尺寸、距离、时间等的数量词连用，表示相差多少距离或增减的程度。
4.C 本题中do you think为插入语，去掉后就是what has happened to her
5.A space作“太空”解时，前面通常不加冠词，stars是复数名词，表泛指时，前不加冠词，表特指时，前加the.
6.C 本题通过语境考查词义辨析，mean to do表示打算做，meant to do 常表示本打算做却没有做。
7.B apologize to sb. for (doing) sth.， doing 的否定形式为not doing。
8.D 根据语境可知说话者是指说话时正在进行的动作，强调动作的过程，并含有不满的情绪，因此用现在进行时，意思为“你跑题了”。
9.B 第一空用现在进行时表示即将发生的动作，第二空用一般现在时表示按时间表安排的动作。
10.A 回答表示祝愿的交际用语时用the same to you .
11.A stand close to sb. 靠近某人站着，closely常表示抽象含义，意为“密切地，接近地”。
12.A hold on to意为“留着不卖，不放弃”。
13.B 表示“由于某事而害怕”用frightened, 表示“令人害怕的”用frightening, in fright “惊恐地”，with fright “由于害怕”。
14.D introduce表示“引进，采用”，短语可用bring in.
15.C 在别人初次作自我介绍后，一般以Pleased/Glad to meet/see you等作答。
二、
1.rescued 2.opportunities 3.advance 4.discuss 5.awarded
6.owing 7.afford 8.received 9.live 10.manners
11.disturb 12.impression 13.customs 14.introduced 15.unfolded
三、
（1）确定时态：一般过去时
（2）新闻报道的开头应先用一两句话讲明时间、地点及事件。
（3）注意换用不同句式表达，以避免重复。
A Fire Accident
A big fire broke out in Zhongbai Department Store of Jilin City of Jilin Province on February 15th,2004.
The fire started at 11:20 in the morning and lasted more than four hours before it was at last put out at 3:40pm by 260 firemen as well as 50 fire engines. Fifty-four people were killed and more than seventy got injured in the fire. And the damage was uncountable. It is said that a worker dropped a burning cigarette end on the floor of the warehouse, which caused the fire to spread.高考综合复习：Book 1 Unit 19---22
重点词汇、短语与句型
1.depend on/upon 依赖，依靠，取决于
2.and so on 等等（表示列举未尽）
3.tongue twister 绕口令
4.make fun of 取笑，嘲笑
5.date back 回溯到
6.make use of 利用某事物（某人）
7.be on good terms （with sb.） （与某人）关系好
8.drive off 把（车）开走，赶走，击退
9.look on…as 把…看作
10.ahead of （在空间或时间上比某人、某物）更前，更早
11.give sb. a hand 给某人帮助
12.get through 通过，度过，到达
13.tear down 弄倒某物，拆除某物
14.hold up 举起
15.make a face 做鬼脸
16.in order 按顺序，整齐
17.sow seeds 播种
18.harvest good crops 收获，丰收
19.remove weeds 除草
20.over time 随着时间的推移
21.act the role of… 扮演…的角色
22.cross-dressing men 男扮女装
23.roar with laughter 开怀大笑
24.an amusing story 逗乐的故事
25.act out a situation 表演一个场景
26.create a rapid flow of fun 创造出连绵不断的乐趣
27.knock sb. off his bicycle 把某人从自行车上撞下来
28.ride on 继续骑车
29.cut off 切断，突然中止
30.scream one’s way 一路尖叫
31.表示打算和计划：
I will…
I intend to…
I plan/want to…
I’ve decided （not）to…
I am going to…
I hope to…
I wish to…
I hope not…
知识点归纳：
1.over 介词 “在…期间，直到…过完，贯穿（一时间段）”
eg.
⑴Over the next few days they got to know the town well.
在随后的几天里他们就熟悉那个镇子了。
⑵We discussed it over lunch.
我们吃午饭时商议了此事。
⑶In this way over several days the artist and his mouse became good friends.
就这样过了几天，这位艺术家和他的老鼠就成了好朋友。
⑷She had a cold over Christmas.
圣诞节期间她患了感冒。
⑸Some waste rots away over a long period of time.
有些食物要经过好长时间才会腐烂。
⑹Let’s have a chat over a cup of coffee.
咱们边喝咖啡边聊天吧。
*over 做前缀，表示“过多，过度”
overcharge v. 索费过高
overcrowded adj. 过分拥挤的
overcoat n. 大衣
overeat v. 吃的过多
overjoyed adj. 极高兴
overload v. 装载过重
overreact v. 反应过激
oversleep v. 睡过头
overstay v. 呆得超过（某期限）
overweight adj. 超重的
overwork v. 工作过劳或时间过长
overgrowth n. 生长太快，生长过度
高考题链接：
They had a pleasant chat_____ a cup of coffee.（2003北京高考）
A. for B. with C. during D. over
分析：over的意思是“在…期间，直到…过完”，题意为：他们一边喝咖啡一边聊天。
答案：D
2.depend on/upon 依赖，依靠，取决于
短语搭配：
depend on/upon sb. to do 指望某人做某事
depend on/upon + wh-clause 取决于
depend on/upon it that… 指望…（it 是形式宾语，that是真正的宾语）
That/It （all） depends. 那得视情况而定
depend on/upon sb. 依赖/依靠某人
depend on/upon sth 取决于…
⑴Whether the game will be played depend on the weather.
比赛是否进行要看天气的好坏。
⑵Our success depends on whether everyone works hard.
我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。
⑶He depends on his son for support.
他靠儿子供养。
⑷I may help you, but that depends.
我也许帮助你，但得视情况而定。
⑸You may depend on it that he will help you.
你可以指望他来帮助你。
⑹We can depend on him to do it well.
我们可以指望他把事情办好。
⑺I haven’t got a car, so I have to depend on the buses.
我没有汽车，所以我得乘公共汽车。
*dependent adj. 依靠的，依赖的
常用于：
be dependent on/upon sb./sth 依赖某人的，取决于某事物
eg.
⑴He is still dependent on his parents.
他仍然依赖父母（补助）。
⑵Success is dependent on how hard you work.
成功取决于努力的程度。
* dependence n. 信赖，依赖，依靠
Find a job and end your dependence on your parents.
找个工作，别再依赖你父母了。
* dependable adj. 可信赖的，可靠的
He is a dependable friend.
他是可信赖的朋友。
高考题链接：
----Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation
----It _______. （2002上海高考）
A. all depend B. all depends C. is all depended D. is all depending
分析：本题考查的是“It （all）depends.”（那要看情况而定），也可说成“That （all）depends.”
答案：B
3.couple n. 一对，一双；夫妇
⑴Peter and Jane are a nice couple. Let’s invite them to dinner.
彼得和珍妮夫妇很好，我们请他们吃饭吧。
⑵The couple is/are spending their honeymoon.
这对新婚夫妇正在度蜜月。
短语搭配：a couple of
* 两人，两物
⑴I’ll stay for a couple more hours.
我再多呆两小时。
⑵I saw a couple of men get out.
我看见有两个人出去了。
*几个人，几个事物
She jogs a couple of miles every morning.
她每天早上要慢跑几英里。
辨析：pair : a set of two things which are not used separately from each other
指使用时彼此不能分开的两件东西构成的物品，这两件东西可以连在一起，也可以不连在一起，但缺一不可。
eg.
a pair of glasses 一副眼镜
a pair of trousers 一条裤子
a pair of shoes 一双鞋
a pair of gloves 一副手套
a pair of ear-rings 一对耳环
couple : two things of the same kind 指同一类中的另一个，但并不意味着是同样的，且可分可合
eg. I found a couple of socks in the room but they don’t make a pair.
我在房间里找到了两只袜子，但它们不成一双
4.intend v. 打算，意图
常见搭配：
intend to do 打算干某事
intend doing 打算干某事
intend for… 打算给（某人）或作（某种用途）
intend sb. to do 打算让某人做…
intend that… 打算…
⑴I intend that he shall do it.
我打算让他做这件事。
⑵What do you intend to do（或doing）
你打算怎么做？
⑶The book is intended for the beginners.
这本书是为初学者编的。
⑷Do you intend to study abroad next year
你打算明年去国外学习吗？
⑸I intend you to take over.
我打算让你来接管。
⑹I don’t intend to listen to this rubbish any longer.
我再也不想听这些无稽之谈了。
5.suffer v.
* 感到疼痛，遭受痛苦，常与from搭配
⑴Do you suffer from headaches
你常头疼吗？
⑵Sometimes I suffer from toothaches.
有时我遭受牙疼之苦。
⑶It is said that he suffers from high blood pressure.
据说他患有高血压。
⑷The country has always suffered from floods and drought.
这个国家经常遭受水旱灾害。
*受到，遭受
⑴We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
我们在金融危机中损失惨重。
⑵She suffered the loss of her students’ respect.
她丧失了学生对她的尊敬。
*忍受，忍耐
⑴I can’t suffer his rudeness.
我不能容忍他的粗鲁无礼。
⑵How can you suffer such insolence
你怎能忍受这样的侮辱呢？
* suffering n. 痛苦，苦难
⑴The old man died without much suffering.
那位老人死时没有多大痛苦。
⑵Please have pity for others’ sufferings.
请同情他人之痛苦。
高考题链接：
______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.（NMET2001）
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
分析：根据already可知句意为：“河流已遭受如此严重的污染，现在要想清理也许太晚了”，所以此处应用suffer的现在分词的完成式。
答案：A
6.certain/sure常用于以下搭配：
I’m certain/sure that… 我确信…
It’s certain that… （此句型中不能把certain换成sure）
be uncertain about/of… 对…不确信
be certain/sure of/about… 对…确信
Be certain/sure to do sth （构成祈使句，表示“务必要做到…”）
Sb. be certain/sure to do sth （表示主语一定会做某事）
make certain/sure of sth 把…弄确实
make certain/sure that… 务必要…，弄确实
for certain/sure 无疑地，确定地
⑴It is certain that he is honest.
他是个诚实的人是确定无疑的。
⑵I am uncertain about grammar and some idioms.
我对语法及一些习语把握不大。
⑶You’d better make sure that his plane takes off at 8:00.
你最好证实一下他的飞机确实是在8点起飞。
⑷Make sure that she has turned off the gas.
确保她已关上煤气。
⑸Be sure to come to our party if you have time.
如果有时间的话一定要来。
⑹I will go to the theatre and make certain of seats.
我要到戏院去把我们的座位定好（以便有把握到开演时有座位）。
⑺Our football team is certain to win.
我们的足球队一定会赢。
⑻I am sure of success.
我确信自己能赢。
⑼I am certain that he saw me.
我确信他看见了我。
⑽I don’t yet know for certain.
我知道得不确切。
certain adj. 某个，某些
⑴What we are talking about is a certain person I met yesterday.
我们在谈论的是我昨天遇到的某一个人。
⑵The club meets on certain days every month.
俱乐部成员每月于某些确定的日期聚会。
⑶For certain reasons I will be unable to attend the meeting.
因为某些原因，我不能出席这次会议。
⑷A certain Mr. Brown telephoned you while you were out.
你出去的时候，有个叫布朗的先生来过电话。
7.knock sb./sth off…
*把某人/某物从…撞下来
A child ran into the street and knocked her off her bicycle.
一个小孩冲到了街上，把她从自行车上撞下来。
* 减价，杀价
⑴It cost me ＄10 but I’ll knock off 20﹪ as it’s no longer new.
那是我花10美元买的，因为已经旧了我减价20﹪。
⑵The shop assistant knocked ten percent off the bill.
店员将价格削减百分之十。
*停止做某事（尤指工作）
What time do you knock off（work）
你什么时候下班？
*迅速完成…
He knocked off two chapters in an hour.
他一小时就完成整整两章。
*击倒，打倒
The thief knocked him off his feet and ran away.
小偷把他击倒在地就逃跑了。
*其他knock 短语：
knock sb/oneself out 使某人/自己筋疲力尽
knock sb. down 把某人撞到在地
knock sth down 拆除某物
knock into sb 撞在某人身上
knock at/on （the door/the window） 敲门或窗
knock sb up （敲门、窗等）叫醒某人
⑴She’s knocking herself out with all that wok.
她做的工作把她累得筋疲力尽。
⑵She was knocked down by a car.
她被一辆车撞倒了。
⑶These old houses are going to be knocked down.
这些旧房子将被拆除。
⑷Would you please knock me up at 7 o’clock
请你7点钟敲门把我叫醒好吗？
8.drive v.
* 驾驶,开车送某人去…
⑴He drives a taxi.
他开计程车。
⑵I drive to work.
我开车去上班。
⑶The man got into the car and drove off.
那名男子钻进了汽车就开走了。
⑷Could you drive me to the station
你能开车送我去车站吗？
* 驱赶（动物或人）
⑴They were determined to drive the enemy off.
他们决心把敌人赶走。
⑵I was driven out of the club.
我被驱逐出俱乐部。
* （指风或水）卷、刮、冲
⑴The gale drove the ship out of its course.
大风把船吹出了航道。
⑵The rain was driving in our faces.
雨扑面而来。
* 使或逼（某人）处于某种状态或做某事
⑴Hunger drove her to steal.
饥饿逼得她行窃。
⑵The noise will drive me mad.
这噪音会使我发疯的。
* drive-in n. 免下车的影院、餐厅等（顾客可安坐汽车中得到娱乐、饮食服务等）
driving-belt n. 传动皮带
driving-license n. 驾驶执照
driving-test n. 驾驶员为取得驾驶执照的考试
* drive n.
Let’s go for a drive in the country.
我们开车去郊外兜兜风吧。
9.slience
* n. 沉默，寂静
短语搭配：
in science 安静地，无声地，沉默地
keep silence 保持沉默，不讲话
put sb. to silence 驳斥某人，驳得某人哑口无言
break silence 打破沉默，开口讲话
⑴We can not pass over the matter in silence.
我们对此事不能保持缄默。
⑵A series of ironclad facts put him to silence.
一系列铁的事实驳得他哑口无言。
⑶The whole ceremony took place in complete silence.
举行仪式的全过程中寂静无声。
⑷He listened to me in silence.
他静静地听我谈话。
*v. 使（某人/某物）沉默，使安静
⑴They tried to silence the noisy crowd.
他们设法使喧闹的人群静下来。
⑵The chairman silenced the meeting.
主席让参加会议的人安静。
*silent adj. 机警的，无声的；沉默的；（指字母）不发音的
⑴The ‘b’ in ‘doubt’ and the ‘w’ in ‘wrong’ are silent.
doubt一词中的b字母和wrong一词中的w字母都是不发音的。
⑵She was silent for a moment, then began her answer.
她沉默了一会，然后开始回答。
10.condition n.
*“状况，现状；健康状况” 不可数名词，但可和a连用，表示某一种状态
短语搭配：
in good condition 处于好的状况
in poor condition 处于坏的状况
in excellent condition 处于极佳的状况
⑴The ship is in no condition to make a long voyage.
此船的现状不适宜远航。
⑵He is in excellent condition for a man of his age.
他就其年龄而言，身体极好。
⑶I have had no exercise for ages; I’m really out of condition.
我已多时没运动了，现在健康状况欠佳。
⑷His clothes were in a shabby condition.
他的衣服很破旧。
⑸My car is old but in good condition.
我的车很旧，但车况良好。
*“环境，情况” 常用复数形式（conditions）
He was brought up in very difficult conditions.
他是在很艰苦的环境中被抚育长大的。
*“条件” 可数名词
短语搭配：
on condition （that）… 在…条件下，倘若
on no condition 一点也不
⑴One of the conditions of the job is that you should be able to drive.
做这项工作的条件之一是要会开车。
⑵You can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat.
你要穿上外衣才可出去。
⑶You must on no condition tell him what happened.
你决不能把发生的事情告诉他。
11.appreciate vt.
* 欣赏，赏识
⑴You can’t fully appreciate foreign literature in translation.
看翻译作品很难欣赏到外国文学的精髓。
⑵I really appreciate a good cup of tea.
有好茶一杯我就真乐在其中了。
⑶You’ll appreciate that book about England after you have been there yourself.
你亲自去过英国的话，你就会欣赏那本关于英国的书。
* 体恤，体谅，体念
⑴You don’t seem to appreciate how busy I am.
你似乎不能体会我多么忙。
⑵I appreciate your problem, but I don’t think I can help.
我理解你的困难，但却爱莫能助。
*感激，感谢
⑴I appreciate your help.
我感激你的帮忙。
⑵I shall appreciate it if you will do me that favour.
如果你能帮忙，我会非常感激的。
*常用搭配：
appreciate doing sth.
⑴I’ll appreciate your calling back this afternoon.
今天下午如果你能回个电话，我将很感激。
⑵We shall appreciate hearing from you again.
我们将乐于再收到你的信。
⑶We greatly appreciate your timely help.
我们非常感谢你们的及时帮助。
*appreciative adj. 感激的；有欣赏力的
appreciation n. 欣赏
高考题链接：
I really appreciate _________ to relax with you on this nice island.（2001上海高考）
A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time
分析：本题考查appreciate的用法搭配。此处appreciate意为“欣赏”，其后不能接动词不定式作宾语，而只能用名词或动名词
答案：B
12.date
* n. 日期，（和异性的约会）
⑴Has the date of the meeting been fixed
开会的日期决定了吗？
⑵I have a date with my girlfriend tonight.
我今晚和女朋友有个约会。
短语搭配：
out of date 不再流行的，过时的；过期的
up to date 现代的，时髦的
⑴Will denim jeans ever go out of date
粗布牛仔裤会过时吗？
⑵My passport is out of date.
我的护照已过期了。
⑶She wears clothes that are right up to date.
她穿着最时髦的衣服
* v. 注明…的日期；约会
⑴His last letter was dated 24May.
他最后一封信的日期是5月24日。
⑵They’ve been dating for a long time.
他们一直频频约会。
⑶I only dated her once.
我和她只约会过一次。
短语搭配：date back to /from 追溯到，始于
⑴This castle dates back to the 14th century.
这座城堡建于14世纪。
⑵The Great Wall dates from the third century BC.
长城始建于公元前三世纪。
考题链接：
These old buildings possibly _____ the Ming Period.
A. are dated back to B. date from C. are dated from D. date back
分析：date from和date back to 都无被动形式。
答案：B
13.offer
(1)offer to do 主动提出做---
He offered to lend me his dictionary.
他主动提出要把字典借给我。
She offered to get some tickets for the students.
她主动提出要给那几个学生弄几张票。
She offered to help me learn Russian.
她提出帮我学俄语。
Each of them offered to be a guide for the tourists.
他们每个人都自愿给游客当向导。
(2)offer (sb.) sth. 主动拿给
The teacher offered me her raincoat.
老师要把雨衣借给我。
Many people willingly offered their blood.
很多人自愿献血。
No food was offered at the party.
聚会时没有食品。
They offered us some money, which we refused politely.
他们要给我们一些钱，我们婉言谢绝了。
(3)offer sth. 提出，表示，出价
We all went to offer congratulations.
我们都前去表示祝贺。
Jeff offered a new suggestion.
杰夫提出了一个新建议。
The boss in that company came personally to offer us apologies.
那个公司的老板亲自来向我们道歉。
They offered him 3,000 yuan to buy the laptop.
他们出3，000元买他的笔记本电脑。
(4)n.
Practice making offers and requests.
练习提供请求和帮助。
Thank you for your offer of help.
你表示愿意帮忙，我十分感激。
Thank you for your kind offer to lend me your car.
你愿意借车子给我，十分感激。
I’ve had an offer of 10,000 yuan for my motorbike.
有人出一万元买我的摩托车。
高考链接：
When _____ help, one often says “Thank you” or “It’s kind of you”. (NMET2005福建)
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
答案 D
分析 offer的逻辑主语是one，构成被动关系，用过去分词作状语。
14.way
(1)方式，方法，方向
Can you tell how they are feeling today by the way they sit or stand
通过他们坐立的方式，你能够判断他们今天的心情吗？
Generally, newspapers follow the American way.
一般说来，报纸遵循美国方式。
Could you tell me the way to the station
你能指点我去车站的路吗？
Is this the way you do it
这就是你做那件事的方式吗？
Look this way, please.
请向这边看。
(2)有关短语：
in the way 挡路
in a way 在某种程度上
on the/one’s way 在路上
out of the way 奇特，不寻常
by the way 顺便说
by way of 由，经过
lose one’s way 迷路
feel one’s way 摸索前进
make way for 为---让路
push one’s way 挤着向前
15.go ahead
(1)说吧，干吧，开始干
At first, I didn’t have enough courage to go ahead.
开始我没有足够的勇气干这件事。
---May I ask you a question 我可以问你一个问题吗？
---Yes, go ahead! 请说吧。
They went ahead to rebuild their school after the earthquake.
地震以后他们开始重建学校。
If you think you can do the work, just go ahead.
如果你认为你能做那工作，那就做吧。
(2)继续前进
Go straight ahead, then turn right at the second crossing.
一直向前走，第二个十字路口右拐。
You go ahead and I will come later.
你先走，我随后就来。
He went ahead of us to tell the good news to his parents.
他走在我们前面去告诉他父母这个好消息。
(3)go ahead with sth.
We are going ahead with the task given to us.
我们正在做交给我们的工作。
The teacher asked us to go ahead with our discussion.
老师要我们继续讨论。
Just go ahead with your work. Don’t care what others think.
继续你的工作，别管别人怎么想。
16.vary
(1)vi. 变化，差异
Opinions on the matter vary from person to person.
对这件事的看法因人而异。
The students’ work varies considerably in size.
学生作业的质量参差不齐。
---What time do you start to work
---It varies.
---你什么时间开始工作？
---看情况而定。
The prices vary from season to season.
价格随季节变化而有所不同。
His mood varied from day to day.
他的情绪每天都有变化。
(2)vt. 使变化
You can vary the speed at will.
你可以随意变化速度。
You should often vary your diet.
你的饮食应该经常变换花样。
(3) varied adj. 多样的
They are rich in content and varied in style.
他们内容丰富，风格多样。
The explanations of this fact are varied.
这一事实的说法多样。
The workers enjoyed a full and varied cultural life.
工人的文化生活丰富多彩。
17.get through, go through
(1)都可表示“通过；用完”
The man was so fat that he couldn’t get/go through the door.
那人胖得连那扇门都过不去。
The plan will have to get/go through the leading group of the school.
本学期计划得经校领导班子通过。
I have got/gone through three pairs of shoes in a month.
我一个月穿坏了三双鞋。
(2)又各有其含义：go through 检查；看一遍；经历（痛苦，困难）
get through 通过考试；接通电话
I got through everything except English.
除英语外我别的都及格了。
I can’t get through to Beijing. The line is busy.
我打不通北京的电话，占线。
I went through my homework to make sure that nothing had been missed.
我将作业检查了一遍，以确定什么都没有漏掉。
Go through the text from the beginning.
把课文从头看一遍。
She must have gone through a lot.
她一定吃了不少苦。
高考链接：
I couldn’t ____. The line was busy. (NMET2005浙江)
A. go by B. go around C. get in D. get through
答案 D
分析 get through这里表示接通电话。
18.attract
(1) vt. 吸引，引诱，引起
The concert attracted a great number of people.
音乐会吸引了许多人。
What do you think attracts people to big cities
你认为吸引人们到大城市的原因是什么？
Magnets attract iron.
磁石吸铁。
Something in the dark attracting my attention was a cat.
黑暗中吸引我注意力的是只猫。
(2) attraction n. 可数名词表示“诱人之处；吸引人的地方（东西）”；不可数名词表示“魅力”。
To be honest, I can’t tell what the attraction of this building is.
老实说，我说不出这座建筑物有何诱人之处。
There are a lot of scenic attractions of China on the banks of Yangze River.
长江两岸有许多中国的风景名胜。
She still has attraction, wearing a not-so-fashion dress.
尽管穿着不太时髦的衣服，她依然富有魅力。
高考链接：
The company is starting a new advertising campaign to _____ new customers to its stores. (NMET2005上海)
A. join B. attract C. stick D. transfer
答案 B
分析 这里表示“吸引新的顾客”，用attract。
19.risk
(1) risk + n./pron./doing
You should not risk your health for the job.
为那份工作你不值得用健康冒险。
It’s not so necessary to risk injury.
没必要冒受伤的风险。
Are you willing to risk being punished for such a trifle
你甘愿为一件小事冒受惩罚的危险吗？
(2) n. take/run the risk (of doing )
Sometimes we have to run/take the risk of losing at the moment so as to gain finally.
有时为了有所得，我们必须冒暂时有所失的风险。
The damage of his house by fire has to be at his own risk as it was caused by his smoking.
由于他本人吸烟导致房屋被烧，损失只能由他自己负责。
高考链接：
He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ____ the good opportunity.
(NMET2005 上海)
A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
答案 B
分析 risk doing, 这里主语he和lose是主动关系。
同步练习：
一、 单词拼写
1.How well your plants will grow depends on the quality and c______ of the soil.
2.Such a thin coat gives little p_______ against the cold.
3.These plants produce a number of thin r________.
4.Scientists have made many important d________ in recent years.
5.He is very ________（幽默）, he does know how to make people laugh.
6.The teacher tried to ________（使安静）the noisy students.
7.The driver _______（刹车）suddenly as a child ran onto the road in front of him.
8.I’d a_______ it if you let me know in advance whether or not you will be coming.
9.The man tried to ______（避免）answering him.
10.The crowd p_____ and let the policemen through.
11.“It’s a lie！” he shouted in ______（生气）.
12.A number of changes have o_______ in our town in recent years.
13.Have you seen his stamp c_______
14.A successful _______（设计师）of dresses has to know the latest fashions.
15.The Eiffel Tower is one of the most popular a________ in Paris.
二、单项选择：
1.Special attention should be paid _____ our earth from _____.
A. to stop, polluted B. to stopping, being polluted
C. to stopping, polluting D. to stop, polluting
2.I really appreciate _____ to relax with you on this nice island.
A. to have had time B. having time
C. to have time D. to having time
3.---Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation
---It ______.
A. all depend B. all depends C. is all depended D. is all depending
4.These old buildings possibly _____ the Ming Period.
A. are dated back to B. date from C. are dated from D. date back
5.---I haven’t heard form Henry for a long time.
---What do you suppose _____ to him
A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happened
6.The moment she _____ the report tomorrow, she will hand in at once.
A. finishes to write B. will finish C. finished writing D. finishes writing
7.They had a pleasant chat _____ a cup of coffee.
A. for B. with C. during D. over
8.It was _____ I went there _____I began to know something about the matter.
A. until, when B. until, that C. not until, that D. not when, that
9.Read _____ if you don’t know how to operate it.
A. the direction B. a direction C. the directions D. direction
10.The idea ____ to him in his dream and he decided to carry it out.
A. happened B. struck C. appeared D. occurred
11.Do you think that mixed ability classes _____ the better students
A. hold back B. hold up C. hold down D. hold off
12._____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
13.Hearing the gunshot, all the birds flew ____ every direction.
A. in B. on C. to D. toward
14.Don’t _____ the notice. It should be kept for a week.
A. tear down B. put down C. turn down D. knock down
15.Finishing the task is very difficult but I can ____ it.
A. try B. do C. fail D. manage
三、短文改错：
It had rained for several days. I felt bored. Fortunately, it became
very fine on last Sunday morning. So I got up early and decided 1._________
to go for a walk and took some photos in the beautiful country. 2.__________
After breakfast, I carried camera with me and set off. 3.__________
Everything did smoothly, I enjoyed my trip so much that I didn’t 4.__________
realize the weather had turned badly again. I began to run 5._________
and it was too lately. I was caught in the rain and was 6.________
wet thoroughly. I went on ran until I got 7.________
the bus stop. I stood there waiting a long time for the 8._________
bus, shivering with cold. Shortly after I got home, 9._________
I had a high fever, that made me stay in bed for a whole week！ 10.________
答案与分析：
一、
1.condition 2.protection 3.roots 4.discoveries 5.humorous
6.silence 7.braked 8.appreciate 9.avoid 10.parted
11.anger 12.occurred 13.collection 14.designer 15.attractions
二、
1.B pay attention to中的to 是介词，所以用stopping，表示“阻止地球被污染”，用being polluted。
2.B appreciate doing sth. 欣赏/喜欢做某事。
3.B It/ That all depends 那要看情况而定。
4.B date back to/date from 无被动语态，表示“追溯到---”。
5.C 去掉答语中的插入语do you suppose,句子结构一目了然，what has happened to him
6.D the moment引起时间状语从句，用一般现在时替代一般将来时。
7.D over在这里表示“一边---一边”。
8.C not until用于强调句中，强调句中的定语从句用that引导。
9.C the directions 说明书，用复数。
10.D happen的主语一般是人或it; B需要去掉to; appear 没有这种用法；occur to 表示出现在头脑中。
11.A hold back妨碍；hold up 延误，耽搁
12.C wait发生在realize之前，与句子主语构成主动关系，因此用现在分词完成时。
13.A in---direction 在---方向
14.A tear down 撕毁，撕掉
15.D manage it 设法对付，设法完成
三、
1.去掉on last前面不能加介词
2.took-----take take photos和go for a walk是平行结构
3.在camera前面加 a/my camera是可数名词
4.did-----went go意为“进展”
5.badly----bad turn是系动词，其后应接形容词
6.lately----late lately意为“最近”，late意为“晚的”
7.ran----running go on doing表示“继续做某事”
8.在第一个the 前面加to get to表示 “到达”
9.正确
10.that----which that不能引导非限制性定语从句北 京 四 中
高考综合复习：Book 1 Unit 16---18
重点词汇、短语与句型：
1.a number of 一些
2.a great deal of 很多的，大量的
3.pick out 挑出，辨别出
4.test on… （身上）做实验
5.around the corner （常与just连用）即将来临
6.die down 变弱，平息，消失
7.come to terms with 甘心忍受（不愉快的处境）
8.take possession of 占有，占领
9.make up 组成，构成
10.turn to 开始干，求助于，转向
11.go sailing 驾船航行，乘船旅行
12.go camping 宿营
13.get charged 充电
14.prove 的用法
15.get + p.p.结构
16.
be good for… 对…有好处
be good to… 对…友善
be good at… 擅长于
17.can’t stand on one’s left leg 左腿不能站立
18.be surrounded with/by… （四周）被…包围，围住
19.be of + 名词
20.become of 发生…情况，…怎么啦
21.threaten to do sth 威胁（说）要做…
22.struggle to one’s knees 挣扎着站起来
23.encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
24.at the top of one’s voice 高嗓门地
25.in good health 健康状况良好
26.be mean with sth. 对…吝啬
27.描述人物：
The impression he/she makes on me is…
He/She could be…
I think he/she is the kind of person who…
He/She looks as if…
People like him/her…
知识点归纳：
1.charge v.
*以某事控告某人，（尤指在法庭上）控告某人：charge sb. with sth..
⑴She charged me with neglecting my duty.
她指控我玩忽职守。
⑵The police charged the driver with careless driving.
警察指控那个司机开车粗心。
⑶He was charged with murder.
他被控犯谋杀罪。
*猛冲，攻击
⑴One of our strikers was violently charged by a defender.
我方一前锋受到对方后卫的猛冲拦截（足球赛中）。
⑵The children charged down the stairs.
孩子们冲下楼梯。
⑶The troops charged at the enemy lines.
部队进攻敌军防线。
*要价，索价：charge （sb./sth.）for sth.
⑴How much do you charge for mending shoes
修鞋要多少钱？
⑵As long as you’ve paid in advance we won’t charge you for delivery.
只要你欲付款，我们就不收你送货费。
⑶I’m not going there again----they charged (me) for ＄2 for a cup of coffee！
我再也不到那里去了，一杯咖啡他们就要了我2美元。
*充电
⑴Does your car battery charge easily
你那辆汽车的蓄电池容易充电吗？
⑵He is charging a battery.
他正在为蓄电池充电。
*充满；承担：be charged with
⑴The atmosphere was charged with excitement.
气氛中充满了激情。
⑵She was charged with an important mission.
她被委以重任。
charge n. 控告；费用；责任，掌管；
常用于下列短语中：
in charge （of sb./sth.） =in sb.’s charge =under the charge of… 负责，掌管
in the charge of … 由…负责/掌管
free of charge 免费
take charge （of sth.） 负责，掌管
⑴The charge carries a possible sentence of three years.
这项控告可能要判三年徒刑。
⑵All goods are delivered free of charge.
所有的物品免费送货。
⑶His charges are very reasonable.
他的价钱很公道。
⑷This ward is in the charge of Dr. Smith.
这间病房是由史密斯大夫负责的。
⑸Who’s in charge here
这里谁负责？
⑹He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away.
经理不在时，他负责这个商店。
⑺The department was badly organized until she took charge （of it）.
这个部门在她负责以前组织工作做得很差。
*chargeable adj. 可被控告的
eg.
If you steal, you are chargeable with theft.
如果偷窃就可能被控偷窃罪。
2.prove vt. 证明，证实
prove sth. （to sb.） 向某人证明某事物属实
prove （to sb.） that… 向某人证明…
⑴Can you prove it to me
你能向我证实吗？
⑵I shall prove to you that the witness is not speaking the truth.
我将向你证明，证人说的话不是真话。
⑶Facts have proved that the creative power of the people knows no limits.
事实证明人民的创造力是无穷的。
*系动词 证明是
prove + （to be）+ adj./n.
⑴The task proved （to be） more difficult than we’d thought.
这项任务原来比我们预想的难得多。
⑵My advice proved (to be) wrong.
我的建议证明是错误的。
⑶The article has proved most useful.
这篇文章证明非常有用。
⑷The old methods proved best after all.
采用老方法证明是最好的。
⑸His theory proved( to be) correct.
他的理论证明是正确的。
同义短语：turn out 证明是，结果是，原来是
eg.
The job turned out to be harder than we thought.
这工作比我们原来想象的要难。
其他系动词：sound（听起来）/taste（尝起来）/smell（闻起来）/remain（仍然是，保持）/look（看上去）/stay（维持，保持）/feel（摸起来）…
eg.
⑴The small town remained unchanged.
这个小镇子仍然没什么变化。
⑵The plan doesn’t sound reasonable.
这个计划听起来不合情理。
⑶Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.
良药苦口。
⑷The weather stayed fine for three days.
一连三天都是好天。
⑸Ice and snow feel cold.
冰雪摸起来是冷的。
*provable adj. 可证明的，可证实的
考题链接：
The theory he struck to ______ true.
A. proving B. be C. proved D. being
分析：此题易误选A或D，认为struck to应该接名词或动词的-ing形式，而事实上题干中的he struck to为定语从句，我们所要选的应该为主句的词语动词。
答案：C
3.get +过去分词
*具有被动意义，多用来表示主语遭受某种损失、伤害，或者不能提供具体的动作发出者
eg.
⑴The boy got lost in the forest.
小男孩在森林中迷路了。
⑵I got caught in the traffic jam yesterday.
我昨天堵车了。
⑶Her son got killed in the war.
她的儿子在战争中阵亡了。
⑷My bike got stolen the other day.
我的自行车几天前被头偷了。
*无被动意义，表示使自己处于某状态或情况
eg.
⑴He got dressed quickly.
他快速地穿好衣服。
⑵Hearing the news, we got excited.
听到这个消息，我们兴奋起来。
⑶They plan to get married in the summer.
他们计划在夏天结婚。
⑷I hope you’re not getting bored by my conversation.
但愿我的话没让你厌烦。
*其他get结构：
get doing 做起某事来，开始…做起某事来
get （sb./sth.） doing 使某人做起某事来，使某物进入…（状态）
get sb. to do sth. 使/让某人去做某事
get sth. done =have sth. done 表示遭遇或请人做某事
⑴We got talking.
我们谈起话来。
⑵We got chatting and discovered we’d been at college together.
我们聊起天来才发现我们原来是校友。
⑶You have an hour to clean the whole house-----so get scrubbing.
你只有一个小时来打扫整个房子------快开始擦洗吧。
⑷With the help of engineer, we soon got the machine going well.
在工程师的帮助下，我们很快使机器顺利地运转起来。
⑸I’ll soon get the clock going.
我很快就会让钟走起来。
⑹I got him to see a doctor.
我劝他去看医生了。
⑺Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.
想法让他们尽快完成。
⑻She got her finger caught in the door.
她的手指让门给夹了。
⑼He got his wrist broken.
他扭伤了手腕。
⑽I’ll get my watch repaired this afternoon.
今天下午我要去修表。
高考链接：
Sarah, hurry up. I’ll afraid you won’t have time to ____ before the party.（NMET2004）
A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change
分析：根据句意：快点，聚会之前恐怕没有时间换衣服了，此处应用get +过去分词 结构。
答案：A
4.pick out 挑选出，辨别出
⑴She was picked out from thousands of applicants for the job.
从数千申请人中挑选出她来做那份工作。
⑵He picked out the ripest peach.
他把熟得最透的桃挑了出来。
⑶It was just possible to pick out the hut on the side of the mountain.
那小屋坐落在山边，隐约可见。
⑷Can you pick out your bike among them
你能在这些自行车当中认出你的车吗？
其他pick短语：
pick up speed 加速
pick one’s pocket 扒某人的口袋
pick up 拣起，收听，打听到，接人
pick one’s teeth 剔牙
pick holes in sth. 挑某事物的毛病
pick a quarrel with sb. 找茬
⑴We reached the outskirts of town and began to pick up speed.
我们到达市郊后开始加速。
⑵He tried to pick a quarrel with me about it but I refused to discuss the matter.
他极力想就那件事找我的茬儿，但我决不谈论此事。
⑶It was easy to pick holes in his argument.
在他的论据里不难找到漏洞。
高考链接：
This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can_____ my father.（2005湖北高考）
A. find out B. pick out C. look out D. speak out
分析：本题考查动词短语。find out（经过努力）弄清楚，pick out有‘辨认出’的意思，look out 小心，speak out说出来。
答案：B
5.doubt
*vt. 怀疑，疑惑，不确信
doubt +n./pron.
doubt +whether/if（肯定句）
doubt +that…（疑问句或否定句）
⑴I doubt his sincerity.
我怀疑他的诚意。
⑵I doubt if/whether they will come on time.
我怀疑他们是否能按时来。
⑶I doubt whether they will attend the meeting.
我怀疑他们是否参加会议。
⑷Do you doubt that he will be successful
你怀疑他会成功吗？
⑸We don’t doubt that he can deal with the accident.
我们相信他能处理这个事故。
*n. 怀疑，疑惑，不确信
常见的搭配：
in doubt 不肯定的
without doubt 无疑地，确实地
no doubt 无疑地，很可能
beyond all (possible) doubt 无疑地
There is no doubt about… 对…毫不怀疑
There is no doubt that… 对…毫不怀疑
clear up all doubts 消除一切疑虑
have doubt about 对…有疑问
⑴He is without doubt the cleverest student I’ve taught.
他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的。
⑵No doubt he means to help, but in fact he just gets in the way.
他确实是想帮忙，然而事实上他只是帮倒忙。
⑶Their acceptance of the contract is still in doubt.
他们是否接受那合同还说不准。
⑷She was beyond all doubt the finest ballerina of her day.
她无疑是她那个时代最优秀的芭蕾舞演员。
⑸There is no doubt about the fact.
关于这个事实毫不怀疑。
⑹There is no doubt that he is hard to deal with.
毫无置疑他很难对付。
考题链接：
There can be no doubt ____ the woman is fit for the work.
A. that B. if C. what D. because
分析：doubt用于否定句、疑问句中接that从句。
答案：A
6.experiment
* n. “实验，试验”
do/perform/carry out/conduct an experiment进行实验
learn by experiment 通过实验学习
experiment还常与on/upon 搭配
eg.
The researchers are repeating the experiment on rats.
研究人员用老鼠反复做该实验。
* vi. “实验，试验”
experiment on/upon sb./sth. 对…进行实验
eg.
We experimented until we succeeded in mixing the right colour.
我们不断实验直至将所需要颜色调配成功。
They experimented on/upon frogs.
他们用青蛙做实验。
*
experimenter n. 实验者,试验者
experimentalism n. 实验主义，经验论
experimental adj. 实验的，用实验的
an experimental farm 实验农场
an experimental physicist 实验物理学家
eg.
The technique is still at the experimental stage. It hasn’t been fully developed yet.
这项技术仍处于实验阶段，尚未完全成熟。
7.tear
*v. 撕扯，撕裂；飞奔，飞跑；强行使某人离开…
tear …in two 把…撕成两半
tear…into pieces 把…撕成碎片
tear…open 把…撕开
tear one’s hair （out） 表示极大的悲伤、愤怒
tear oneself away（from sb./sth） 舍不得离开某人/某事物
tear down 拆除
tear sth. up 撕毁（文件等）
⑴He tore the parcel open.
他把包裹撕开。
⑵Can you tear a sheet of paper in two
你能把一张纸撕成两半吗？
⑶The baby likes tearing paper into pieces.
婴儿喜欢把纸撕成碎片。
⑷This cloth tears easily.
这布料容易撕破。
⑸Her heart was torn by grief.
她肝肠寸断。
⑹My boss is tearing his hair out about the delay in the schedule.
我们老板因进度拖延而气得七窍生烟。
⑺Do tear yourself away from the television and come out for a walk.
你别舍不得离开电视了，出去散散步吧。
⑻The book was so interesting that I couldn’t tear myself away from it.
这本书如此有意思以至于我爱不释手。
⑼They are tearing down the old houses.
他们正在拆除旧房屋。
⑽She tore up all the letters he had sent her.
她把他写来的信都撕了。
⑾She tore downstairs , shouting “Fire！”
她奔下楼梯，高喊‘着火了’。
* n. 泪水（常用复数）
be wet with tears 眼泪汪汪
burst into tears 放声大哭
in tears（表示状态） 哭泣
crocodile tears 鳄鱼的眼泪（假悲伤）
⑴Her eyes filled with tears.
她眼泪汪汪的。
⑵The story moved us to tears.
这个故事感动得我们流泪。
⑶Hearing his voice, she burst into tears.
听到他的声音，她放生大哭起来。
⑷We found her in tears.
我们发现她在哭。
⑸She shed crocodile tears when she dismissed him from his job.
她把他解雇时，流出了鳄鱼的眼泪（假装难过）。
*tearful adj. 哭泣的
eg.
a crowd of tearful mourners 一群哭泣着的送葬者
8.promise
* n. 允诺，答应 后面可接of + n. ; to do sth.; that同位语从句等
eg.
⑴His parents gave him promise of support.
他父母答应支持他。
⑵Don’t forget your promise to write to me every month.
别忘了你答应要每个月给我写信。
⑶He made a promise that he would write to me every month.
他允诺要每个月给我写信。
常用搭配：
make a promise 许诺
make a promise to do sth. 许诺做某事
break one’s promise 违背诺言
keep one’s promise 遵守诺言
give a promise 许下诺言
make a promise that… 许诺做某事
carry out one’s promise 履行诺言
* n. 可指望出现或发生某事物的迹象，希望
eg.
⑴There is a promise of better weather tomorrow.
明天天气可能更好。
⑵There seems little promise of success for the expedition.
看来这次探险的成功希望不大。
⑶The crops are full of promise.
庄稼丰收在望。
* vt./vi. 允诺，答应；使（某事物）很有可能
常用于：
promise sb. sth. 答应某人某（事）物
promise sb. to do sth. 答应某人做某事
promise to do sth. 答应做某事
promise + n. 答应…
promise （sb.） that… 答应（某人）…
I promise you 口语中表示‘我向你保证’
promise well 大有希望，可能产生良好的结果
⑴I have promised him to return the book by next Monday.
我已答应他要在下周一前还书。
⑵The firm promised the workers a wage increase.
公司答应给工人加工资。
⑶She promised me that she would be punctual.
她向我保证一定准时。
⑷No one in the office promised a quick answer to the matter.
办公室没人答应对此事从速作答。
⑸The clouds promise rain.
阴云预示有雨。
⑹The new sales policy promises well.
新的销售办法可望取得良好效果。
⑺You won’t regret it, I promise you.
我包你满意。
* promising adj. 有前途的，有希望的
⑴He is a promising young pianist.
他是一个有前途的青年钢琴家。
⑵The results of the first experiments are very promising.
第一次实验的结果充满了希望。
考题链接：
He has ______ to come tonight, and he is sure to come.
A.allowed B. proved C. promised D. nodded
分析：allow后面不能直接跟不定式，promise to do 表示答应要做某事。
答案；C
9. go doing结构表示“去干某事”，大多跟体育、娱乐活动有关
eg.
⑴It’s too wet to go walking around London.
地上太湿，不能逛伦敦。
⑵Would you like to go shopping this afternoon
你想今天下午去购物吗？
属于这一类的常见结构有：
go camping 宿营
go boating 去划船
go hunting 去打猎
go dancing 去跳舞
go fishing 去钓鱼
go climbing 去爬山
go sailing 去航海
go swimming 去游泳
go shooting 去射击
go cycling 去骑车
go outing 去郊游
go skating 去滑冰
go riding 去骑马
10. What /How about sth./doing sth.
“…怎么样”，常用来征求对方意见
eg.
⑴What about a cup of coffee
来杯咖啡如何？
⑵
-----Staying at home is dull. 呆在家里真闷。
-----How about going to see a movie 去看场电影怎么样？
高考题链接：
-----What about having a drink
-----___________.（NMET2000）
A. Good idea B. Help yourself C. Go ahead, please D. Me, too
分析：‘What about doing sth ’是征求对方意见的日常交际用语。用‘Good idea’能表达自己对‘喝咖啡’这个提议的看法 ，而 ‘Help yourself’是‘随便喝吧’的意思，‘Go ahead, please’是‘你去喝吧’，‘ Me, too’不符合这里的语境。
答案：A
11.be of + 抽象名词（如：value/importance/use/interest/benefit…）.
=be +抽象名词的形容词
用来描述某人/某物的特征,抽象名词的前面还可加上修饰词，如：great/no/little/much/some/any。
eg.
⑴His advice is of value to us. = His advice is valuable to us.
他的建议对我们来说有价值。
⑵Sports and games are of great importance. = Sports and games are very important.
体育运动很重要。
⑶This medicine is of no use. = This medicine is useless.
这药没效果。
⑷The dictionary is of not much help to us. =The dictionary is not very helpful to us.
这词典对我们没有多大帮助。
* be of + a/an + n.（如：age/colour/kind/type/size/height…） 表示主语的特征或性质
这些名词没有相应的形容词形式，因此不能用‘be + 形容词’来替换。
eg.
⑴We are both of an age. = We are of the same age.
我们两个人年龄相同。
⑵The two boys are almost of a height.
= The two boys are almost of the same height.
这两个男孩几乎一样高。
⑶They are of different colors.
他们颜色各异。
⑷The two coats are of a size. =The two coats are of the same size.
这两件外套一样大。
考题链接：
Our factory has turned out 2,000 cars this year, all of which ____ quality.
A. is good B. are good C. is of high D. are of high
分析：题意为‘我们工厂今年生产汽车2000辆，而且都是高质量的’ be of +名词 表示事物（汽车）的属性或特征。
答案：D
12. find oneself + 介词/现在分词/过去分词
发现自己（处于某状态）；不知不觉地来到…
⑴When he came to, he found himself in hospital.
当他醒来时发现自己躺在医院里。
⑵I found myself at the water’s edge.
我不知不觉中来到了河边。
⑶He found himself lying on the grass.
他发现自己躺在草地上。
⑷I found myself walking in the direction of the zoo.
我发现自己不知不觉中朝着动物园的方向走去。
⑸We found her in poor health.
我们发现她身体健康状况欠佳。
⑹He found himself surrounded by a group of boys.
他发觉自己被一群男孩围着。
*含有oneself的搭配有：
enjoying oneself 过得愉快
come to oneself 苏醒过来
dress oneself 穿衣服
help oneself to… 自取，随便吃
feel like oneself 觉得身体情况正常，沉着
teach oneself 自学
smile to oneself 暗自笑
say to oneself 自言自语，暗想
wash oneself 洗澡
lose oneself in thought 沉思
13.
make up… 组成…
be made up of… 由…组成
be made of… 由…制造的（在产品中可以看出原材料）
be made from… 由…制造的（在产品中看不出原材料）
be made in… 在某地制造的
be made into… 被制成…
eg.
⑴The novel is made up of ten chapters.
= Ten chapters make up the novel.
这本小说是由十个章节组成的。
⑵Our class is made up of sixty students.
我们班是由六十名同学组成的。
⑶Animals bodies are made up of cells.
动物的身体是由细胞组成的。
⑷Society is made up of people of widely differing abilities.
社会是由能力迥异的人组成的。
⑸Paper is made from wood.
纸张是用木料制成的。
⑹The bridge is made of steel.
这座桥是用钢材造成的。
⑺Glass is made into bottles.
玻璃制成了瓶子。
⑻This bicycle was made in Shanghai.
这辆自行车是上海制造的。
*make up 的其他含义：化妆，铺床，虚构，补足，补齐
对比：make up for 弥补，赔偿
eg.
⑴She spent an hour making herself up before the party.
她在聚会前化妆花了一小时。
⑵She is always heavily made up.
她总是浓妆艳抹的。
⑶We made up the bed in the spare room for our guest.
我们在空着的房间里为客人铺好床。
⑷I couldn’t remember a story to tell the children, so I made one up as I went along.
我想不出有什么故事可给孩子讲了，只好现编故事。
⑸We still need ＄100 to make up the sum required.
我们还需要100美元才能达到所需的数目。
⑹Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.
勤能补拙。
高考链接：
Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and_____ jokes.（2005江苏高考）
A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up
分析：句意为：杰克擅长讲笑话编笑话，所以村里的每个人都喜欢他。make up有编造的意思。
答案：C
14.表示身体姿势的常见短语：
stand on one’s foot 单足站立
jump to one’s feet 跳起来
stand on one’s head 倒立
rise to one’s feet 站起来
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
lie on one’s back 仰卧
lie on one’s stomach 俯卧
lie on one’s side 侧卧
stand on one’s leg like a cock 金鸡独立
eg.
⑴He couldn’t stand on his right leg.
他的右腿站不起来了。
⑵I jumped to my feet and rushed out of the room.
我跳了起来，冲出了房间。
⑶He stood on his head to make the baby laugh.
他倒立着使婴儿发笑。
⑷Do you like sleeping on your side
你喜欢侧着身子睡觉吗？
15.表示方位、位置的介词：
in the west/south/north/east of…
在…之西/南/北/东（表示在另一个地点的里面）
on the west/south/north/east of…
在…的西面/南面/北面/东面（表示两地接壤）
to the west/south/north/east of…
在…之西/南/北/东（表示不包括在该地区之内）
eg.
⑴China is on the north of India.
中国在印度的北部（中国与印度接壤）。
⑵Japan lies to the northeast of China.
日本在中国的东北方向（日本不在中国之内，也不接壤）。
⑶England is in the southeast of UK.
英格兰在联合王国的东南部（英格兰在UK之内）。
⑷Zhejiang Province is in the east of China.
浙江省在中国的东部（浙江在中国范围之内）。
* west/south/north/east还可做副词，注意此时它们前面不用the
eg.
⑴The city lies about 66 kilometres east of Yantai.
= The city lies about 66 kilometres to the east of Yantai.
这座城市位于烟台以东66公里。
⑵West of the city is a small lake.
=A lake lies to the west of the city.
该城市以西有一个小湖。
⑶The house whose window faces to the south is our classroom.
=The house whose window faces south is our classroom.
窗子朝南开着的房子是我们的教室。
*
east---eastern 形容词 东部的
west---western 形容词 西部的
south---southern 形容词 南部的
north---northern 形容词 北部的
考题链接：
____of the village ______ two small lakes.
A. The east, lie B. East, lies C. The east, lies D. East, lie
分析：倒装结构，主语是two small lakes，故谓语用lie。若介词省略，方位词前的the必须省略
答案：D
16.off
* 在离…的海上
⑴They live on the island off the coast of Fujian.
他们住福建沿海的一个岛屿上。
⑵They were sailing two miles off shore.
他们在离岸两英里的海上航行。
* 靠近…
⑴The restaurant is just off the main road.
这家饭店就在主干道旁边。
⑵The ship sank off Cape Horn.
轮船在合恩角外沉了。
17.What becomes of sb./sth
某人/某事物情况如何
eg.
⑴What will become of my child if I die
假如我死了，我的孩子会怎样呢？
⑵I wonder what became of the people who lived next door
不知道以前住在隔壁的人怎么样了？
⑶What became of the dreams of our youth
我们年轻时的理想今何在？
18.value
* n. 价值，重要性
⑴The work has no value.
这工作毫无价值。
⑵You always get value for your money at that store.
在那家商店你总能买到货真价实的东西。
⑶I bought this old painting for ＄50, but its real value must be about ＄500.
我花了50美元买这张古画，但它的真正价值一定在500美元左右。
* 估价，珍视
⑴He valued the house and its contents at ＄75,000.
他给这所房子和家具摆设估价为75,000 美元。
⑵I have always valued your friendship very highly.
我一向十分珍视同你的友谊。
⑶He valued my advice.
他看重我的忠告。
*
valuable adj. 值钱的，贵重的
valuer n. 估价者，评价者
valueless adj. 无价值的，没用的
高考链接：
You’ll find this map of great_____ in helping you to get around London.（NMET1998）
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
分析：price 价格，cost花费，‘用处’应用use。句意为：你将发现在帮助你游览伦敦上，这张地图有重大价值。
答案：C
19. regret
* v. 后悔，懊悔，惋惜
regret sth. 后悔某事
regret that… 后悔某事
regret doing sth. 后悔干了某事
regret to do sth 遗憾要干某事
It is to be regretted that… 遗憾的是…
eg.
⑴I regret that I can not help.
很抱歉，此事我爱莫能助。
⑵I regret what I said.
我后悔我说过的话。
⑶I regret to say the job has been filled.
十分抱歉，那个工作已经有人做了。
⑷If you go now, you will regret it.
如果你现在就走，一定得后悔。
⑸I regret being so rude to you last time.
我很后悔上次对你太无礼了。
⑹I regret to tell you that you haven’t passed the test.
我很遗憾地通知你，你没通过考试。
⑺It is to be regretted that you have missed the wonderful talk given by Yang Liwei and his companions .
遗憾的是你没有听见杨利伟和他的同伴们做的精彩的报告
* n. 懊悔，遗憾，悔恨
⑴I heard of his death with deep regret.
我听到他去世的消息感到万分悲痛。
⑵Much to my regret, I am unable to accept your invitation.
很抱歉，我不能接受你的邀请。
⑶My only regret is that I have missed the chance to go abroad for further education.
我唯一遗憾的是错过了去国外进修的机会。
regrettable adj. 令人痛惜的，令人遗憾的
regretful adj. 遗憾的，悔恨的
regretfully adv. 遗憾地，悔恨地
考题链接：
I regret _____ you I won’t be free until this summer vacation.
A. to tell B. telling C. to have told D. having told
分析：regret to tell 很遗憾地告诉你，regret telling=regret having told 后悔曾告诉过你。
答案：A
20.turn to sth./sb./doing sth 求助于，转向
⑴Holmes turned to the lady.
福尔摩斯转身面向这女士。
⑵If you have any problem in your English study, please turn to me for help.
如果你英语学习上有什么问题，请跟我说。
⑶He turned to the study of medicine.
他转而学医了。
⑷After she left the university, she became a teacher, but later turned to journalism.
她大学毕业后做了一名教师，但后来又转行干新闻工作了。
⑸Some farmers have turned to keeping deer.
一些农民已转而养鹿了。
其他常见的turn短语：
turn…into… 把…变成，翻译成
turn in 上交
turn over 翻转，移交
turn down把… 开小些，拒绝
turn on/off 开/关（收音机，灯等）
turn out to be 原来是，证明是
turn up 把…开大些，到达，露面
高考题链接：
----Why does she always ask you for help
----There is no one else _____, is there （2005全国高考北京卷）
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
分析：本题考查定语从句和词组搭配。turn to可表示求助于某人，‘she can turn to’作定语从句，省略了关系代词who/whom。
答案：B
同步练习：
一、 单词拼写
1.The house is s______ by green trees.
2.Hong Kong is one of the finest natural h_______ in the world.
3.Some international c_______ are held in our country every year.
4.They got married and ______（定居）near Paris.
5.This article includes four _______（段）.
6.The climate here is neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter. In other words, the climate here is m_______.
7.I took p______ of the house in 1998.
8.He was a young sailor on his first sea v_______.
9.My mother p_______ me a new watch if I passed my exam.
10.Giving up my old job was an _________（极其）difficult decision.
11.He _______（威胁）to kill me if I refused to give him my handbag.
12.He _______（后悔）very much having said unkind things about his friends.
13.After ______（毕业）, he came to London.
14.This book is of great_______（价值）in your studies.
15.I doubt whether your _______（结论）that vegetables have feelings is right.
二、 单项选择：
1.After half a year’s life in school, the boy ______ to be a very good student.
A. is proving B. is being proved C. is proved D. proved
2.She _____ a dress that she liked very much and bought it.
A. picked out B. picked up C. picked off D. picked at
3.There is no doubt ______ you will pass the exam this time. You have worked so hard in the past months.
A. whether B. that C. if D. what
4.After the excitement of the audience ______, the speaker continued his speech.
A. died down B. died out C. died off D. died of
5.The boy threatened ______ away from home while quarrelling with his parents.
A. ran B. run C. to run D. running
6.----I am so tired, Mum.
----Keep up courage and the success is just _______.
A. in the corner B. on the corner C. around the corner D. at the corner
7.I can’t bear_______ and I no longer treat him as my friend.
A. laugh at B. laughing at C. to laugh at D. to be laughed at
8.Much to my ______, I am unable to accept your invitation.
A. regret B. surprise C. disappointment D. sorrow
9.My father had _____ me a new computer as my birthday present.
A. thought B. accepted C. recognized D. promised
10.I shall always _______ our friendship greatly, for I think nothing is more important than friendship.
A. admire B. keep C. respect D. value
11.----You were brave enough to tell what you thought of the boss at the meeting.
----Well, now I really regret _______ that.
A. to do B. having done C. to have done D. to be doing
12.Road accident victims _______ almost a quarter of the hospital’s patients.
A. take out B. take up C. make out D. make up
13.Thirty cattle _______ seen eating grass on the side of the mountain at the moment.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
14.However, there was nobody that I could _______ help.
A. turn B. turn to C. turn for D. turn to for
15.The boy was so _______ as to enter the headmaster’s office without knocking.
A. mild B. bold C. surprised D. surprising
答案与分析：
一、
1.surrounded 2.horbours 3.conferences 4.settled 5.paragraphs
6.mild 7.possession 8.voyage 9.promised 10.extremely
11.threatened 12.regretted 13.graduation 14.value 15.conclusion
二、
1.D prove to be 证明是。prove此时是系动词，不用被动语态。
2.A pick out 挑选出。
3.B doubt用于否定句时要用that引导。
4.A die down指…逐渐平息，强调从强到弱这一变化的过程。
5.C threaten to do 是固定搭配，表示‘威胁要干…’。
6.C around the corner即将来临。
7.D can’t bear to be laughed at = can’t bear being laughed at无法忍受被人嘲笑。
8.A to one’s regret令人遗憾的是。
9.D promise sb. sth.答应给某人某物。
10.D value做动词，表示‘珍视，重视’。
11.B regret having done=regret doing 后悔曾做过某事。
12.D make up 组成，take up 占时间或空间。
13.B cattle作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数。
14.D turn to sb. for help 向某人求助。
15.B so…as to do sth.是习惯搭配，bold作形容词，意为‘大胆的’。
高考综合复习：Book 1 Unit 1---3
重点词汇与短语：
1. hunt for 搜索, 追寻
2. care about 担心, 关心
3. such as 例如
4. drop sb. a line 给某人写信
5. be fond of 喜欢
6. in order to 为了
7. all the time 一直
8. argue with sb. about sth. 同某人争论某事
9. all alone 独自
10. develop a friendship with sb. 和某人建立友谊
11. even though 即使, 尽管
12. treat …as 把…当作
13. surf the Internet 上网冲浪
14. on a flight 在飞行中
15. too much太多
16. should have done 本应当做某事
17. be into sth./ doing sth. 喜欢
18. be quick in/ at 在某方面敏捷
19. make oneself at home 别客气
20. in total 总共
21. except for 除了…之外
22. stay up 熬夜
e about 发生
24. end up with以…告终
25. bring in 引进，引来
26. a great many 许多
27. all the way 一路上，从头至尾
municate with 与…交流
29. have a good knowledge of 了解，掌握
30. with 复合结构
31. compare… with… 把…和…进行比较
32. share happiness and sorrow 同甘共苦
33. It be + 被强调部分 + that/ who + 其他成分
34. stay the same 保持不变
35. more or less 或多或少
36. consider doing/sb. to do/ sb,. (to be)
37. get away from 逃离
38. watch out 注意，当心
39. instead of 代替
40. go off 离开
41. protect from 保护，保卫
42. for fun 好玩
知识点归纳：
1．argue (vi.﹠vt.): express an opposite opinion；exchange angry words；quarrel 争论，争辩
常用于以下句型：
argue with sb. about/ over sth 同某人争论某事
argue that…用辩论证明
argue sb. to be 表明，证明
argue for/ against 为/为反对 …而辩论
例句：
⑴The couple next door are always arguing.
隔壁的夫妇总是争吵
⑵We argued with each other about the justice of the war.
我们就这场战争是否正当展开了争论
⑶Mr.Smith argued that he should be paid more.
史密斯先生据理力争他应得到更多的工薪
⑷The way he spends money argues him to be rich.
他花钱的方式说明他很富有
⑸His accent argues him to be a southerner.
他的口音表明他是个南方人
⑹He argues that the experiment could be done in another way.
他论证说这项实验可以换一种方法进行
⑺The workers argued for the right to strike.
工人们为争取罢工的权利而辩论
* argument (n.) 争论，论据，论点
⑴They got into quite a heated argument.
他们的争论达到了白热化。
⑵We couldn’t follow his argument.
我们不理解他的论点。
2．too much 具有形容词、副词和代词的功能，在句中可作定语、表语、状语、主语或宾语，表示“太多（的）、过分（的）、好极（的）”意思
⑴But too much snow can cause trouble.
但是雪太大可能引起麻烦(too much为形容词，作定语)
⑵She is afraid the trip will be too much for me.
她认为这次旅行对我来说强人所难(too much为形容词，作表语)
⑶She does not talk too much.
她谈得不太多（too much为副词，作状语）
⑷Too much has been said about it.
关于这事讲得太多了(too much为代词，作主语)
辨析：much too “太…”，中心词是副词too，用来修饰形容词和副词，在句中作状语
⑴These shoes are much too narrow for me.
这双鞋我穿实在太窄了
⑵You are much too thin to play the part of Falstaff.
你太瘦了，不能演福尔塔夫这个角色
高考题例：
Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _____ to carry all the way home.(NMET2003)
A. much too heavy
B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much
D. too heavy much
分析：
heavy为形容词，故应用much too修饰
答案：A
3. in order to do sth.
so as to do sth
to do sth
它们都可作目的状语，其区别如下：
* 这三种不定式作目的状语，在意义上并无多大差别，相比而言，to do 比较普遍，后两种在语气上稍重些，而so as to do 比较口语化，in order to do则比较正式
* 为了加强语势，突出目的，可将to do 或in order to do放在句首。
注：so as to do 不能放在全句的前面，它只能后置
⑴China is paying more and more attention to education in order to/so as to/to catch up with advanced countries in science and technology.
中国对教育越来越重视，为的是科技上赶上发达国家
⑵In order to find the book, he searched the whole house.
为了找到那本书,他翻遍了整个房子
⑶To hear better, we’ll sit in the front row.
为了听得更清楚,我们要坐在前排
* to do, in order to do 和so as to do 三种不定式作目的状语时, 一般句子的主语就是不定式的逻辑主语, 但如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,常用for引出:
eg.
I stopped aside for her to get in.
我停下来向旁边靠了靠,让她进来
* 不定式作目的状语表达否定的目的时,一般采用so as not to或in order not to 这两种句式。如：
⑴We took a taxi so as not to be late.
我们是搭出租车去的，以免迟到
⑵He worked slowly in order not to make any mistake.
他工作干的很慢，目的是不出错
⑶I got up early so as not to miss the first train.
我大清早起床，目的是不误第一班火车
4. treat vt. 对待，治疗，款待
常用于以下句型：
treat…as… 把…看作
treat sb. to sth. 用…款待某人
treat sb. for… 给某人治…病
eg.
⑴Don’t treat me as a child.
不要把我当成小孩看待
⑵Why do you treat the matter as a joke
你为什么把这件事当作儿戏
⑶Peter treated me to an ice-cream.
彼得请我吃了冰激凌
⑷The doctors and the nurses risked their lives treating the patient for SARS.
医生和护士冒着生命危险为患者治疗非典
* 以下句型也常用来表示“把…当作”：
look on/ upon …as…
have…as…
think of…as/ to be…
consider …as/ to be…
regard… as…
eg.
⑴They look on others’ difficulties as their own.
他们把别人的困难当成自己的困难
⑵She thinks of the monitor as the cleverest student in the class.
她认为班长是班上最聪明的学生
⑶He always has her as his real mother.
他一直把她当作自己的母亲
⑷Abraham Lincoln is considered as one of the greatest American President.
亚伯拉罕林肯被认为是美国最伟大的总统之一
⑸All the patients regard him as a good doctor.
所有的病人都认为他是一名出色的医生
高考题例：
More patients___ in hospital this year than last year.(2004江苏高考)
A. treated
B. have treated
C. had been treated
D. have been treated
分析：
根据句意, “treat”的意思是 “治疗”,而且是发生在今年,故用现在完成时态的被动式
答案: D
5. share vt. ﹠ vi. 分享,共用,等分
share (in) sth. with sb.
⑴The children shared the cake equally.
孩子们平分了蛋糕
⑵Ten teachers shared the office.
十名教师合用这间办公室
⑶They would share their joys and sorrows.
他们愿意同甘共苦
⑷Will you share your umbrella with me
你能让我和你共用雨伞吗
⑸I’ll share in the cost with you.
我愿意和你分担费用
* share n. 份额,股份,一份
⑴If you want a share of the pay, you’ll have do your share of the work.
如果你想要一份报酬,就必须做一份工作
⑵The company was formed with 1,000 shares.
这家公司组成时有1000股
⑶Here is your share of the cake.
这是你的一份蛋糕
高考题例：
Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare----you must learn to _____.(NMET2000)
A. support
B. care
C. spare
D. share
分析：
“as well”是“也”的意思，据题意，是让 “Clare”和“Harry”两个人一起玩玩具，“share”有分享、共用的意思。
答案： D
6. So +be/助动词/情态动词 +主语 “…也如此”（用于肯定句）
Neither/Nor + be/助动词/情态动词 +主语 “ …也不” （用于否定句）
⑴I’m a teacher, and so is my husband.
我是个教师，我丈夫也是
⑵He has finished his homework, and so have I.
他完成了作业，我也完成。
⑶If you go to school early tomorrow, so shall I.
如果明天你早上学，我也早去
* so/neither/nor引导的此类倒装句，放在主语前面的助动词、情态动词或系动词be应与前一句保持一致（人称和数上作适当调整）。如：例⑴am---is；例⑵has---have；例⑶前一部分为if引导的条件句，用一般现在时表示将来，故主句使用表示将来的will/ shall。
*如果前一部分内容中没有出现助动词、情态动词或be，则应借助于助动词do/does/did。如：
①You love music, and so do I.
你热爱音乐，我也一样
②…He seldom drinks tea. 他很少喝茶
…Nor does she. 她也是
* 句子中如果用否定的派生词，后句使用so。如：
①…I dislike coffee.我不喜欢咖啡
…So does she. 她也不喜欢
②…She is unmarried.她是独身
…So am I. 我也是独身
* 如果表示前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时，则需要用So it is/was with…或It is/was the same with…，如：
①Mary was born in Australia and she lived in the United States. So it was with Jane.
玛丽在澳大利亚出生，在美国居住。简也是。
②…I like English but I can’t study well.我喜欢英语但学不好。
…So it is with my brother. 我弟弟也是。
（以上两例皆可用It is/was the same with…结构
* 如果下文表示的是对上文的赞成或肯定，则仅需要把so 放于句首，其后用正常语序。如：
①…She has done a good job. 她干得不错
…Yes, so she has. 是的，的确不错
②…He came to school late yesterday.他昨天上学迟到了。
…So he did. 他的确迟到了
③…It is very hot today. 今天天气真热
…So it is. 是啊，的确很热
高考题例：
…David has made great progress recently.
…_______, and ______. （1997上海高考）
A. So he has，so you have
B. So he has，so have you
C. So has he，so have you
D. So has he，so you have
分析：
此题前一空考查的是对上文的肯定；第二个空考查同样的情况也适合你。
答案：B
7. survive v. 继续生存或存在；比…长命；经历（某事）；幸存
⑴Of the four people in the car accident, only one survived.
在车祸中的四个人中，只有一个人幸存
⑵Many customs have survived from earlier times.
许多风俗习惯源源流长
⑶Life is hard at the moment, but we’re surviving.
目前生活艰难，但我们正在挣扎求生
⑷The old lady has survived her husband.
那老妇人的丈夫先她而去世了
⑸He felt lucky to have survived the war.
经历那场战争后能幸存下来他感到很幸运
* survivor 为名词，意为“幸存者”
如：
The film Titanic is based on an experience of a survivor.
电影《泰坦尼克号》是根据一个幸存者的经历而摄制的
高考题例：
In such dry weather the flowers will have to be watered if they _____. （2001上海高考）
A. have survived
B. are to survive
C. would survive
D. will survive
分析：
be to do表示将来注定要发生。在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来，故C、D都不能选。
8. lie vi.
lie lay lain lying 平躺，位于
lie lied lied lying 撒谎
lay laid laid laying 产下，放置
⑴The corpse lay face down in a pool of blood.
尸体俯卧在血泊中。
⑵The letter lay open on his desk.
那信摊开在他的书桌上
⑶The hen laid two eggs.
母鸡产下两个鸡蛋
⑷Korea lies to the east of China.
朝鲜位于中国的东部
⑸I laid the book on the chair.
我把书放在椅子上
⑹There is a dog lying at his master’s feet.
主人的脚旁边卧着条狗
⑺She lied to me two days ago.
两天前，她向我撒了谎
* 习语：lie to sb.向某人撒谎
lie in one’s teeth/ throat 睁着眼睛说瞎话，扯弥天大谎
lie one’s way into/ out of sth 撒谎以求一逞或摆脱困境
9. It be + 被强调部分 + that/ who + 其他成分
强调句型可以强调一个句子的主语、宾语、表语及状语等成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，可以用that或who(whom)连接其他成分；被强调的成分是表示人以外的词，例如表示事物、时间或地点的词，用that连接其他成分。例如我们可以用强调句型强调下列句子的主语（如⑴）、宾语（如⑵）、地点状语（如⑶）及时间状语（如⑷）
I met Peter in Japan last year.
⑴ It was I who/that met Peter in Japan last year.
⑵ It was Peter whom/that I met in Japan last year.
⑶ It was in Japan that I met Peter last year.
⑷ It was last year that I met Peter in Japan.
* not …until 也可用于强调句型
例１
Mr. Brown didn’t come back until eleven o’clock.
可变为：It was not until eleven o’clock that Mr. Brown came back.
例2
The rain didn’t stop until midnight.
可变为：It was not until midnight that the rain stopped.
* not …until 也可变为特殊疑问句
例１
It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded.
可变为：When was it that the PRC was founded
例2
Your dad worked in this factory two years ago.
可变为：Where was it that your dad worked two years ago
10. have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
其中的(in) doing sth.不可改为to do sth.；其中的difficulty 是不可数名词, 前面可以用some/ no/ little/ much等词修饰.
Eg.
⑴We had no difficulty in finding the hospital.
我们毫不费劲地找到了这所医院.
⑵Did you have any difficulty in carrying the plan
你们执行计划有苦难吗
⑶She has little difficulty in learning maths.
她学习数学几乎没什么困难
⑷I had much difficulty in talking with the foreigner.
我用英语同老外交谈很费劲
还可用下列句型表达 “做某事有困难”：
have trouble (in) doing sth.
There be difficulty in doing sth.
do sth. with/ without difficulty
⑴There is some difficulty in teaching pupils Japanese.
教小学生日语有困难
⑵He had a little difficulty in solving the problem.
解决这个问题，他有一点困难
⑶Tom climbed the tree without difficulty.
汤姆毫不费劲地爬上了树
注：
当difficulty指笼统概念时，即“困难、费力”为不可数名词（如以上例句），当它指具体的“难事、困难”时用作可数名词。如：
We’ll meet with all kinds of difficulties.
我们会遇到各种困难
11. bring in: introduce, harvest, get money or income引进，收获
⑴Country music has become big business. It brings in 300 million dollars a year.
乡村音乐发展成为一项商业，每年盈利3亿美元。
⑵They have brought in experts to advise on the project.
他们已请来专家当这项工程的顾问
⑶Farmers in the south have brought in good crops this year.
南方的农民今年收获了庄稼
⑷Don’t bring him in. He’ll do nothing to help.
别把他扯进来，他帮不上什么忙
⑸They brought in some words from their own languages.
他们把自己语言中的一些词语带了进来
其他相关短语：
bring sth. about使（某事）发生
bring sth. down 降低或减少…，使…（从空中）落下
bring sth. up 培养、养育某人，呕吐
bring …and …together 促使(争执双方)和解
bring out生产出,出版
⑴The Liberals wish to bring about changes in the electoral system..
自用党人想要改变选举制度
⑵The prices have been brought.
价格已经下降了
⑶Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.
她小时侯父母就去世了,是由她姑姑养大的
⑷An enemy fighter was brought down.
一架敌机被击落了
⑸The loss of their son brought the parents together.
双方因失去儿子而言归于好
⑹He brought out his lunch just now.
他刚刚把吃进去的午饭吐出来了
⑺New personal computers are brought out almost daily.
几乎每天都有个人计算机推出
12. except:
表示同类别事物中除去若干,常与no,all,none,nothing,everything等包含全部的词连用, 位于句首时不用except,常用except for; 它后面可接介词短语、副词、不定式以及that, when, where等引导的从句(except for不能这样用)
except for:
指不同类别的事情或性质不同的事情,或表示某人/物 在总体上是好的,只是其中的某个细节或某个环节不尽人意
eg.
⑴Except for Li Ming, they are all workers.
除了李明之外,他们都是工人
⑵Everybody except John was able to answer the question.
除了约翰之外,每个人都回答出了问题
⑶The room is empty except for a broken chair. (前后的名词不同类)
这个房间空空的,只不过有把破椅子
⑷I know nothing about him except that he is from Japan.
我对他一无所知,只是知道他来自日本
⑸She goes to school by bike except when it rains.
她骑自行车去上学,除了下雨时不骑
⑹He could do nothing except walk home.(except前若有实义动词do,则后面接不带to的不定式)
他只好走着回家了
=He had no choice but to walk home.( except前若没有实义动词do,则后面接带to的不定式)
高考题例:
I know nothing about the young lady ________ she is from Beijing. (2000上海高考)
A. except
B. except for
C. except that
D.besides
分析：
except for与except that同义，但except for后不能接句子，后句“she is from Beijing”是一个完整的陈述句，故用except that连接，that不作成分。
答案：C
*besides: (prep.) “除…之外还有”，常与also, else, other等词连用。如：
⑴Besides tennis, he also plays basketball and football.
除了网球之外，他还打篮球和踢足球。
⑵I have three other dictionaries besides this one.
除了这本词典，我还有三本别的词典。
*besides: (adv.) 此外，而且
⑴I haven’t time to see the film-----besides, it’s had dreadful reviews.
我没有时间去看这部影片，再说，影评也诸多贬斥。
⑵I am too busy to go for a walk; besides, it is late.
我太忙不去散步了，而且时候已晚了。
13. with的复合结构 ：常在句中作状语，表示伴随动作、行为方式及原因、条件或结果等情况。
with + 宾语 +prep./adj./ adv./ doing/ to do(表示要执行的动作)/done（表示动作的完成及被动）
⑴She often sleeps with the window open. (adj.)
她经常开着窗户睡觉。
⑵He came in with a book in his hand. (prep.)
他手里拿着本书进来了
⑶She felt scared with so many people looking at her. （doing）
这么多人看着她，她感到害怕。
⑷He was brought in with his hands tied back.. (done)
他双手绑在身后被带了进来
⑸With everything bought, he left the market. (done)
买完了所需要的东西之后，他离开了市场
⑹The king came in, with all his servants following him. (doing)
国王进来了，身后跟着所有的仆人。
⑺With nothing to do, he went out for a walk .
由于没有什么事情可做，他便到外面散步
⑻He left his room with the light on. (adv.)
他离开了房间，灯亮着
高考题例1：
With a lot of difficult problems _____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002上海高考)
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
分析：
因后句的进行时表示将来，“新当选的总统将要度过一段艰难的时光”，故用“with＋宾语＋不定式”表示将来要执行的动作。
答案：C
高考题例2：
_____two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004北京高考)
A. With
B. Besides
C. As for
D. Because of
分析：
根据句意，此处应采用“with +宾语+不定式”
答案：A
14. a great / good many
修饰可数名词，它的后面不能接of短语，但当名词前有the, these, those, my, 等词时，需加上介词of
⑴A great many students like the movie.
好多学生喜欢这部电影
⑵We have read a good many books.
我们读过许多书籍
⑶He has read a great many of the novels in this library.
他已读了图书馆中的许多书
⑷A good many of his books were bought from this bookstore.
他的许多书是从这个书店里买的
其他表示“许多”的短语：
many a +单数名词
a (large/great) number of + 复数名词
plenty of +不可数名词／复数名词
quite a few + 复数名词
a great deal of +不可数名词
a large amount of +不可数名词
⑴Many a strong man has weakened before such a challenge.
很多坚强的人面对这种困难都动摇了
⑵A number of people have read this magazine.
好多人看过这本杂志
⑶There were quite a few copies sold on the first day.
第一天就卖了好多本
⑷She spent a great deal of money on clothes.
她花了许多钱买衣服
⑸They have a large amount of work to do.
他们有大量的工作要做
⑹There’s plenty of rain in my hometown.
我的家乡雨水大
⑺There are plenty of eggs in the basket.
篮子里有许多鸡蛋
15. have a good knowledge of …了解，懂得，掌握
have no knowledge of…不知道，不了解
to one’s knowledge 据…所知
without the knowledge of在…不知道的情况下
come to sb’s knowledge 被某人知悉
⑴I have a good knowledge of Chinese history.
我通晓中国历史
⑵A baby has no knowledge of good and evil.
婴儿不知善恶
⑶He sold the car without his wife’s knowledge.
他瞒着妻子把汽车卖了
⑷To my knowledge, she has never been late before.
据我所知，她从来没迟到过
⑸It has come to our knowledge that you have been cheating the company.
据我们了解你一直欺骗公司
高考题例：
One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain ____ good knowledge of basic word formation. （2002上海高考）
A. /
B. the
C. a
D. one
分析：
knowledge为不可数名词，但若有形容词修饰，则加不定冠词a
答案：C
16. consider
①考虑 consider sth./ doing
He is considering going abroad.
他正考虑出国。
I’m considering changing my job.
我在考虑换工作。
I will consider your offer and tell you my decision tomorrow.
对你的提议我要考虑一下，明天告诉你我的决定。
②想，认为
+ 宾语+（to be）+ adj./ n.
consider + 宾语+ as + n./adj.
+ that 从句
I consider it a great honor.
我认为这是件很荣幸的事情。
We consider money (to be) important.
我们认为金钱是重要的。
We all consider him loyal to his friends.
我们都认为他对朋友忠诚。
We consider it important to learn a foreign language.
我们认为再学一门外语非常重要。
Lincoln was considered one of the greatest presidents in American history.
林肯被认为是美国历史上最伟大的总统之一。
We all consider that you did a good deed.
我们都认为你做了件好事。
I don’t consider that it will turn out fine this afternoon.
我认为下午不会天晴。
③consideration n. 考虑
considering prep. 考虑到，鉴于
considerable adj. 相当大的
The question is worthy of consideration.
这个问题值得考虑。
She is very active, considering her age.
考虑到她的年龄，她很活跃了。
A considerable number of people object to the policy of the government.
相当多的人反对政府这一政策。
④take sth. into consideration 对某事加以考虑
under consideration 在考虑中
out of consideration 未加考虑
When marking Tom’s exam papers, the teacher took his long illness into consideration.
批改汤姆的试卷时，老师考虑到了他长时间的生病。
There is one important fact that has been out of consideration.
有一重要事实未考虑到。
高考链接
Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer. (NMET 1993)
A. to invent
B. inventing
C. to have invented
D. having invented
答案：Ｃ
分析：
该句为 consider sb. to do 的被动结构，即 be considered to do, 同时要注意不定式的时态。因为“发明电脑”发生在“认为”之前，故不定式用完成时。
17. means n.
a)手段，方法 （单复数同形）
a means of transport/ communication
运输工具／通讯工具
The quickest means of travel is by air.
最快捷的旅行方式是乘飞机。
All possible means have been tried.
一切可能的办法都已经被尝试过了。
b)by means of 用，依靠
by all means 一定，务必，当然
by no means 决不，并未
She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.
她不会说话，但手势表达了她的愿望。
He succeeded by means of perseverance.
他靠毅力获得了成功。
By all means I must visit my sick friend.
我一定得去探望我生病的朋友。
I can by no means pretend to be pleased with this behavior.
我决不能假装对这种行为表示满意。
---May I stay at home from school 我可以呆在家里不去上学吗？
---By no means. 绝对不行。
c)辨析：means, method, way
三个词均表示“方法”，means指为达到一个目的或产生某种结果而采用的方法、手段，way是最普通常用的词，method 强调解决某个问题的办法，三个词与介词搭配一般为：by the means/ in the way/ with the method
18. experience
a)c.n. 经历，阅历
How many interesting experiences do you have
你有多少有趣的经历？
Our travel by camel was an unforgettable experience.
我们骑骆驼的旅行是一次难忘的经历。
b)u.n. 经验，体验
She has so much experience of teaching.
她有丰富的教学经验。
I know from experience that he will be late.
就我的经验判断他会来晚的。
c)v. 经历，感觉，感受，体验
Have you experienced an earthquake
你有没有体验过地震？
For the first time, we experienced defeat.
我们第一次遭遇失败。
d)experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的
He is experienced in hunting.
他打猎很有经验。
The factory is in need of experienced workers.
这个工厂需要熟练工人。
19. protect
a)v. 保卫，保护
We’re having good holidays while soldiers are protecting our country.
我们在幸福地享受假期，而士兵们却在保卫祖国。
There’re fewer animals. It’s important for us to protect them.
动物们越来越少，对于我们来说保护他们很重要。
b)protect---from/against--- 保护---使不受，防御
He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.
他戴着太阳镜以遮挡强烈的阳光。
He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow.
他举起手臂挡住脸躲过了这一击。
Villagers planted lots of trees to protect soil from being washed away.
村民们种了许多树防止水土流失。
c)protection n. 保护，防御
under the protection of
在---的保护下
The hat will give protection against the sun.
这顶帽子可遮阳。
The chicks are under the protection of the hen.
小鸡们在母鸡的保护下。
20. separate
a)v. 分隔，分离 （常与from连用）
You’d better separate the bad apples from the good ones.
你最好把坏苹果同好苹果分开。
Many families got separated during the war.
战争期间，很多家庭妻离子散。
At this point, the satellite separates from its launcher.
此时，卫星就脱离发射器。
It’s the children who suffer when their parents separate.
父母分居时受罪的是孩子。
b)adj. 分开的，独立的，不同的
David and I have been separated for six months and we have been sleeping in separate bedrooms. 我和大卫分居６个月了，我们一直睡在各自的卧室里。
He tries to keep his professional life separate from his private life.
他尽量把他的职场生活和私人生活完全分开。
c)separate, divide separate着重指把原来结合在一起的、混合在一起的事物或人分开或隔离，divide着重指将整体分成若干部分。
The whole class was divided into five groups.
全班分成了５组。
England is separated from France by the Channel.
英法两国由英吉利海峡隔开。
21. watch out
a)当心，注意，常与for连用
watch out for sb./ sth. (to do)
You can’t learn English well without watching out for idiomatic ways of saying things. 如果不注意讲话中的习惯表达方式，你就学不好英语。
Watch out for a chance to improve your position in the company；they don’t come very often. 要注意抓住提高你在公司地位的机会，这种机会并不多。
I’m always watching out for mistakes that I may have missed before.
我总是警惕过去可能没有注意到的错误。
b)Watch it! = Watch out!
watch over 照看，看守
Watch it! You nearly knocked into the car.
当心，你差点撞到那辆车上。
22. 现在进行时的特殊用法
a)现在进行时可表示将来安排好的活动或事件,常见的动词有arrive, come, go, leave, return, stay, travel, play等，并常与表将来的时间状语连用。
We’re spending next winter in Australia.
我们将在澳大利亚度过明年冬天。
How many of you are making the trip
你们中有多少人去旅行？
We’re having a party in our house tonight.
今晚我们在家里开茶话会。
b)现在进行时与副词always, often, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示说话人一种强烈的情感。
He is always helping people.
他总是帮助别人。（赞扬）
She is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay you back.
她总是向人借钱而忘记还人家。（不满）
高考链接
I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I _____ my mum. (2002北京)
A. am taking
B. have taken
C. take
D. will have taken
答案：A
分析：
此处运用现在进行时表示按计划要发生的动作。
同步练习：
一、单项选择
1. ---I hear Bill likes playing basketball.
---Yes, ________, and _______.
A. he does；so like me
B. he is；either do I
C. so he does；so do I
D. he does so；so am I
2. These math problems are _______ difficult for me. Could you please help me out
A. much too
B. too much
C. very much
D. such
3. ---Do you know which team won the game
---I don’t know, ______.
A. nor do I care
B. nor I care
C. neither will I care
D. I don’t care, too
4. Although the little girl was ______ at home, she didn’t feel _____ at all.
A. alone, lonely
B. lonely, alone
C. alone, alone
D. lonely, lonely
5. One day Chuck is ______ a flight _____ the Pacific Ocean ______ suddenly his plane crashes.
A. in, over, while
B. on, across, when
C. with, through, when
D. on , across, while
6. Was ______ in this place that he saved the boy
A. that
B. it
C. he
D. this
7. Helen and Linda were introduced to each other _______ at a party.
A. for the first time
B. the first time
C. all the time
D. for some time
8. What was it ______ you found in the hole
A. that
B. which
C. and
D. this
9. Make yourself ______ home and help yourself ______ anything that you’d like to eat.
A. in, with
B. at , to
C. at, with
D. in, to
10. The _______ of students are against your plan.
A. most
B. many
C. number
D. majority
11. A great ______ of foreign guests come to out school for a visit every year.
A. deal
B. number
C. plenty
D. lot
12. The house is beautifully built ______ its chimney.
A. except
B. except for
C. besides
D. except that
13. He ran out with his face ______ in hands.
A. bury
B. burying
C. buried
D. to bury
14. Many people agree that ______ knowledge of English is a must in _______ international trade today.
A. a, /
B. the, an
C. the, the
D. /, the
15. All possible means ______ been tried.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
二、完形填空
Like most July days, it was hot. I stepped into a tiny ice-cream shop to cool off with a chocolate ice-cream. It was a very 1 store with little round tables and chairs.
As I entered, I found a very old woman bent over a 2 near the door. Her back was so
3 twisted by some misfortune that her face nearly 4 the tabletop. I sat down 5 her a couple of tables away.
“Poor woman, ” I thought. “What does she 6 life Why does God let people live so long past their prime（鼎盛时） ”
As I thought, another 7 lady entered the shop and sat down with her. Soon the two of them were 8 childhood days. They talked of how little the shop had changed in 70 years. In minutes, the two of them were shaking with 9 .
I looked again at the first woman, then in the 10 on a nearby wall, catching a picture of myself. I was 11 a dirty shirt. She was well dressed in white, her 12 carefully made up and her hands shining with gold rings. I was 13 . She was laughing, smiling. I was putting the 14 of my life together . She had millions of 15 memories to recall. I sat alone. She was 16 the day with a good friend. 17 I was worried about getting old. She was old, but it wasn’t 18 her. As I left the shop, I 19 my foolish question about God letting people live past their prime. Why , that woman was more 20 , more sensitive to life, than I was. Age has not bent her spirit.
1. A. different B. modern C. pretty D. old-time
2. A. computer B. cushion C. table D. customer
3. A. badly B. suddenly C. actually D. fully
4. A. broke B. touched C .hit D. knocked
5. A. facing B. leaving C. following D. serving
6. A. devote to B. get out of C. learn about D. keep away from
7. A. aged B. married C. dated D. Separated
8. A. speaking of B. talking about C. thinking over D. planning for
9. A. food B. fear C. cold D. laughter
10. A. newspaper B. window C. mirror D. picture
11. A. dressing B. wearing C. putting on D. having on
12. A. face B. neck C. back D. head
13. A. happy B. surprised C. poor D. sad
14. A. periods B. pieces C. points D. goals
15. A. terrible B. difficult C. wonderful D. fresh
16. A. sharing B. spending C. taking D. sparing
17. A. In public B. As a result C. Above all D. In secret
18. A. pleasing B. hurting C. envying D. punishing
19. A. realized B. wondered C. gave up D. thought of
20. A. alive B. changeable C. hopeful D. interesting
三、单词拼写
1. It’s a great ______(挑战) for Tom to open his own business.
2. A land which is surrounded by water is called an _______(岛).
3. If you were alone on the island, what would you do in order to _______(活下来).
4. We are good friends though sometimes we have different ideas and _____(争论) about them.
5. Tony is _____(喜欢) of pop music but I prefer classical music.
6. Jane and Betty are going on _______(各自的) holidays in May.
7. Nowadays the ________(大多数) of people in Shenzhen speak Putonghua.
8. When he came in, I was having a bath in the _______(浴室).
9. He has traveled to many places. Do you know his next ______(目的地)？
10. Can you ________(想象) that we are living on the moon
四、短文改错
Yesterday we got a call from a mid-aged man who 1. _________
name was George. He called us to say his washing machine 2. _________
had bought in our shop two months ago wasn’t as 3. _________
well as he had read from our advertisement. The 4. _________
machines works with a plenty of noises；the pipe 5. _________
leaks and the worst thing is that sometimes they doesn’t 6. _________
work at all. Therefore, he hoped that a repairman could 7. _________
sent as soon as possibly or the machine could be 8. _________
exchanged if it couldn’t be repaired. He doesn’t hope his machine 9. _________
bought in our shop would take him any more trouble. 10. _________
答案与提示：
一、1. C 前一空为肯定回答,不倒装;后一空表示”我也如此”,倒装。
2. A much too后加形容词或副词。
3. A nor引起倒装句，表示与否定情况相同。
4. A alone独自一人，lonely孤独的。
5. B be on a flight在飞行中，across表示穿越，when就在这时。
6. B 强调句型的一般疑问式。
7. A 表示第---次做什么用for the ---time。
8. A 强调句中定语从句用that引起。
9. B make oneself at home 别拘束，随便一点；help oneself to sth. 随便吃或用。
10. D the majority of students= most of the students= most students
11. B a large number of 修饰复数名词。
12. B except for排除的是主语的一部分，表示整体中的个例。
13. C with复合结构中的宾语补足语，bury与face 为动宾关系，因此用过去分词。
14. A 第一空用a抽象名词具体化，表示某一方面的知识；第二空泛指国际贸易，不用冠词。
15. D means单复数同形，由all可知此处为复数。
二、1. D 根据后文的“how little the shop had changed in 70 years”。
2. C 她应该是弯腰坐在门边的桌旁。
3. A 表示程度，背驼得很厉害。
4. B 由于背驼得厉害，以至于脸差点接触到桌面。
5. A 根据后文，我一直关注着她的一举一动，所以应试面对她。
6. B 我十分可怜她，心想她这一辈子从生活中得到了什么。
7. A 这两位都是老太太，很好的朋友。
8. B 朋友相聚，谈论旧日时光。
9. D 回忆过去，十分温馨，而由shaking可知，他们在开怀大笑。
10. C 我看见了自己，因此应是镜子。
11. B 表状态，用wear,且常用于进行时中。
12. A made up表示化妆，因此应为face。
13. D 此处有多组句子将我和老太太进行对比，下句为”she was laughing”,因此我应是sad。
14. B pieces of my life 表示我生活的片段，暗示我支离破碎的生活。
15. C 同上句形成对比。
16. A 强调分享。
17. D 虽然我很年轻，但我很悲观，暗自担心变老
18. B hurt在此表示未对她造成影响。
19. D 离开时我再次想起了开始我问上帝的那个问题，下文中也有进一步的感悟。
20. A alive与aged形成鲜明对比，达到最佳表现效果。
三、1. challenge 2. island 3. survive 4. argue 5. fond
6. separate 7. majority 8. bathroom 9. destination 10. imagine
四、1. who----whose whose在此引导定语从句，且充当定语，修饰name
2. 正确
3. 去掉had “bought in our shop two months ago” 在句中充当定语。
4. well----good good作be的表语，所以用形容词。
5. 去掉a plenty of “许多”，固定短语，前面不可以加冠词。
6. they----it it指代上文中提到的his washing machine
7. could后加be 此处应用被动语态。
8. possibly----possible as soon as possible “尽可能快”，固定短语
9. doesn’t---didn’t 这一动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。
10. take---bring 此处意思为“带来麻烦”。北 京 四 中
高考综合复习：Book 1 Unit 10---12
重点词汇、短语与句型：
1.in danger 在危险中
2.die out 灭绝，逐渐消失
3.as a result of 作为…的结果
4.lead to 导致
5.take measures 采取措施
6.adapt to 适应
7.at present 现在，目前
8.devote to 献身于…，专心于
9.make a difference 有关系，有影响
10.in the wild 在自然环境中
11.throw away 扔掉
12.in common 共同（的），共有（的）
13.turn …into 把…变成
14.become endangered 变的处境危险，受到危害
15.before 的用法
16.set free 释放
17.reduce 的用法
18.respond to 回答，对…作出反应
19.give advice 提出建议
20.a large amount of 大量的
21.spread的用法
22.to 表示“伴随，按照”
23.a series of 一连串的，一系列，一套
24.in trouble 处于困境
e across 偶然遇见,碰见
26.believe in 信任，信仰
27.turn around 转过身来
28.not just…but… 不仅…而且…
29.原因和结果：
Why…
Because/As/Since
Because of … , I …
If…, then…
As a result of…
It follows that…
30.做出决定和看法：
I’d prefer to…
Which do you prefer, …or …
Can’t we…
There are several things we could do.
知识点归纳：
1.before 从属连词，“在…之前”，但在具体的句子中，译法多种多样。
表示“…才…” “没来得及…就” “…后…才…”
eg.
⑴He measured me before I could get in a word.没等我插上一句话他就给我量好了尺寸。
⑵She was angry before I could explain to her.我还没来得及向她解释，她就生气了。
⑶He asked a second question before I could answer the first question.
我还没来得及回答第一个问题，他又问了一个问题。
⑷I hadn’t waited long before he came.我没等多久他就来了。
⑸We can leave early in the morning before it gets too hot.
不等天太热，我们一大清早就出发。
⑹They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.
他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。
⑺We walked a whole day before we got to the forest.我们走了一整天才到了森林。
*before 还常用于下列句型：
It won’t be …before… 用不了（多长时间）就会…
It will be…before… 得过（多长时间）才…
It wasn’t …before… 没过（多长时间）就…
It was…before… 过了（多长时间）才…
⑴It will be a long time before we finish the task.我们还需要很长时间才能完成这项任务。
⑵It wasn’t long before he learned to use the computer.不久他就学会使用计算机了。
⑶It was some time before he told me about this affair.过了一段时间之后他告诉了我这件事。
⑷It won’t be long before we meet again.不久之后我们还会再见面的。
高考题链接：
①Someone called me up in the middle of night, but they hung up_________ I could answer the phone.（NMET2000）
A. as B. since C. until D. before
分析：根据语境，“半夜有人给我打了电话”以及“but”一词的语气（表转折），可知“我还没来得及接，电话就挂断了”。
答案：D
②The American Civil War lasted four years______ the North won in the end.（2005广东高考）
A. after B. before C. when D. then
分析：本句意为“美国国内战争持续了四年，北方才最终获胜”。after和when在此句中做连接词，不符和上下文的语境。then是副词，意为“然后”，如选D，要在then前加连词and。
答案：B
2.devote vt. 致力于，把…专用于…
*常用于以下结构：(其中的to 是介词，因此其后面应接sth./doing sth..)
devote oneself to …
devote one’s life to…
devote time to …
devote money to…
devote energy to…
be devoted to…
eg.
⑴He has devoted his whole life to science.他把一生都献给了科学事业。
⑵I don’t think it worthwhile to devote so much time to discussing the matter.
我认为要花这么多时间来讨论这件事不值得。
⑶They devoted all their hours to working in their laboratory.
他们把所有的时间都投入到实验室的工作中。
⑷He devoted himself to protecting the wild animals.他致力于保护野生动物。
⑸Mr. Smith devoted all his life to helping the disabled.史密斯毕生致力于帮助残疾人。
⑹The newly married couple living next door to us are devoted to sports.
住在我们隔壁的那对新婚夫妇非常喜欢体育运动。
⑺The magazine is devoted to science.这本杂志专门刊载科技文章。
*devoted adj. 献身…的，专心于…的；忠实的
eg.
⑴He is a devoted son.他是一个孝子。
⑵She is a devoted wife and mother.她是一个贤妻良母。
⑶He is devoted to his children.他深爱他的孩子。
高考题链接：
Although the working mother is very busy, she still ________ a lot of time to children.（2000上海高考）
A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides
分析：根据语境，“尽管母亲工作忙，她仍然把好多时间用在孩子身上”。四个选项中只有devote和spend可以表示“某人花时间…”，而spend 用于spend time （in） doing sth.结构，所以此处应用
devote one’s time to （把时间用于…）。
答案：A
3.danger n. 危险
常用于以下词组中：
in danger 在危险中（指句子主语的处境危险）
in danger of… 有…的危险
in no danger 没有危险
in great danger 十分危险
out of danger 脱险
eg.
⑴His life is in danger.他生命有危险。
⑵The workers in danger have been rescued.处于危险中的工人已被解救。
⑶They were in danger of death.他们有死亡的危险。
⑷She is in danger of losing her job.她有失去工作的危险。
⑸He was seriously ill a few days ago, but he is now out of danger.
他几天前病得很厉害，但现在已脱离危险期了。
⑹The doctor told the patient that he was in no danger/ out of danger.
医生告诉病人他已脱离危险。
⑺Ships out in this storm are in great danger.轮船在这种风暴中出航要冒极大的危险。
*类似的词组有：
(be) in work 在业，有工作
(be) out of work 失业，无工作
(be) at work 表示（人）正在工作，从事于，（机器）正在运转
eg.
⑴He is in work again. 他又有工作了。
⑵The workers out of work are on strike.失业的工人在罢工。
⑶My father was at work at that time.我父亲当时在工作。
⑷The new machine is at work.这台新机器在运转。
*dangerous adj. “危险的”， 指主语本身会给周围的人或物造成的危险。
dangerously adv.
eg.
⑴The river is dangerous for swimmers. 在这条河里游泳有危险。
⑵He is a dangerous guy .他是个危险人物。
⑶That machine is dangerous : the wiring is faulty.这个机器危险：电线有毛病。
⑷The busy road is dangerous to small children.道路拥挤繁忙，对小孩太危险。
⑸The man was driving dangerously.那名男子在危险驾驶。
*endanger v. 危害，危及（某人/ 某事物），使遭受危险
eg.
⑴The oil spill endangered thousands of birds.石油的溢泄危及成千上万的鸟儿。
⑵The polluted air in the city is badly endangering the health of the people.
城市中被污染的空气严重地危及人民的健康。
⑶Drunk-drinking can not only cause traffic accidents, but also endanger the lives of pedestrians.酒后驾车不仅会造成交通事故，而且会危害到行人的生命。
考题链接：
It seemed that he was _____ losing his life. Luckily, he was ____ in the end.
A. in the danger of; out of danger
B. in danger of; out of danger
C. in the danger of; out of the danger
D. in danger of; out of the danger
分析：根据句意：看起来他似乎有失去工作的危险，幸运的是，他最终脱离了险境。
in danger of doing sth.有…的危险，其反义词为out of danger。
答案：B
4.to 介词，按…… 节拍；伴随。如：
⑴She often sings to the piano.她常用钢琴伴唱。
⑵This type of music has become very famous in Britain and is very good music to dance to.
这种音乐在英国很有名，是很好的舞蹈音乐。
⑶The students are doing eye exercises to music.学生们正在跟着音乐做眼保健操。
⑷The map was drawn to scale.这地图是按比例绘制的。
其他to短语：
grow to a length of 15 meters 长到15米
dive to a depth of 1000 meters 潜入到1000米深
wet to the skin 湿透
be moved to tears 感动得流泪
be frozen to death 冻僵
fight to the last man 战斗到最后一人
5.satisfy vt.
*使（某人）满意或满足；
eg.
⑴Nothing satisfies him; he’s always complaining.他对什么都不满意，总是抱怨。
⑵That answer won’t satisfy her.那样的答复不会使她满意。
*满足（需要、愿望等），达到（要求等）
eg.
⑴She has satisfied the conditions for entry into the college.她已符合进入这所学院的条件。
⑵They tried to satisfy the needs of the people for vegetables.他们尽量满足人们对蔬菜的需求。
*satisfied adj. （感到）满意的
satisfying adj. 令人满意的
satisfaction n.
常用短语：
be satisfied with/ that…
to one’s satisfaction 使某人满意的是
eg.
⑴I’m satisfied with you/ your answer/ what you said.我对你/ 你的答复/你所说的话很满意。
⑵She is quite satisfied now that his letter has come.他的信收到了，她感到相当满意。
⑶She gave a satisfied smile. 她露出了满意的笑容。
⑷I felt quite satisfied after my big meal.我这顿饭吃的很多，觉得很饱。
⑸It was a satisfying result.这是一个令人满意的结果。
⑹This is a satisfying job.这是一个令人满意的工作。
⑺I expressed my satisfaction with these clothes.我对这些衣服表示满意。
⑻To our satisfaction, he solved the problem alone.令我们满意的是，他独自解决了难题。
*介词with 常与某些动词的过去分词连用，构成比较固定的搭配，但译成汉语却很灵活。如：
be filled with 充满…
be crowded with 挤满…
be covered with 覆盖着…
be equipped with 装备有…
be piled with 堆满…
高考链接：
Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does ______ his boss.（2000北京、安徽春季高考）
A. serves B. satisfied C. promise D. supports
分析：根据题意：“Nick正在寻找另一份工作，因为他所做的一切都不能使老板满意”以及各个选项的词义（serve为…服务，promise承诺，support支持），可知选satisfied。
6.measure v. 测量，量度，判定
eg.
⑴The tailor measured me for suit.裁缝给我量尺寸做衣服。
⑵It’s hard to measure his ability when we haven’t seen his works.
我们没有看到他的作品很难估计他的能力。
⑶His eyes measured the newcomer from top to bottom.他的眼上下打量看新来的人。
⑷Did you measure the distance 你量过这段距离吗？
*measure n. “尺寸，标准，措施”，常用于下列短语：
make sth. to measure 定做
take measures 采取措施
be measured in +计量单位的复数形式 用…（作为计量单位）
eg.
⑴A metre is a measure of length.米是长度单位。
⑵The tailor made a suit to my measure.裁缝为我定做了西装。
⑶The government took measures to stop pollution.政府已采取措施防止污染。
⑷The authorities took measures to prevent tax fraud.当局已采取措施防止偷税漏税。
⑸The energy is measured in calories.能量是以卡为单位计量的。
⑹It seems that the dress is made to her measure.好像这连衣裙是给她定做的。
考题链接：
What measures were ____ to reduce the air pollution in that area then
A.acted B.taken C.given D.done
分析：采取措施：take measures，本题用于被动语态。
答案：B.
7.die out :
*（of families, species, etc.）no longer have any members left alive （指家族、物种等）死光，灭绝；
eg.
⑴The habitat of the species is being destroyed and has nearly died out.
这一物种因栖息地遭到破坏，几乎灭绝了。
⑵Dinosaurs died out.恐龙灭绝了。
⑶Elephants would die out soon if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wish.
如果允许人们随心所欲地射杀大象，那么它们不久就会灭绝。
*（of a custom, practice, ideas, etc.）no longer be common（指习俗、做法、观念等）消失，过时；
eg.
⑴The old traditions are dying out. 旧传统正在消失。
⑵The practice of children working in factories has nearly died out.
工厂中使用童工的做法已几乎绝迹。
*（of a fire） to lose force or power（指火）熄灭。其后不接宾语
eg.
⑴It took a long time before the big fire died out . 过了很长一段时间那场大火才渐渐熄灭。
⑵The fire died out in the end.火终于熄灭了。
其他常见的die 短语：
*die from ：常用于由于外部创伤或间接的原因致死
eg.
He died from an accident /a wound/ overwork /polluted air /carelessness.
他死于事故 /受伤/过度劳累 / 污染的空气 / 粗心。
*die of：一般用于害病，疲劳，寒冷，饥渴，年老，失望，悲伤等感情原因造成死亡
eg.
He died of joy/ fear /disappointment / grief /old age /hunger /cold.
他死于高兴 / 恐惧 / 失望 / 悲伤 /年老 /饥饿 /寒冷。
当表示因病而死时，用die of 或die from均可，如：die of/ from illness（因病而死），die of/from heart disease/cancer （死于心脏病/癌症）。
*die for “为…而死，为…献身”，表示因为事业或目的而死
eg.
⑴The soldiers died for his country / the revolutionary cause / the people / liberty / the national dignity.战士为国家/ 革命事业/ 人民/ 自由/ 国家的尊严而献身。
⑵To die for the people is an honour, not a misfortune.为人民而死是荣誉，不是不幸。
*die off 表示相继死去，直到绝种的意思，其后不能接宾语
eg.
⑴The members of the family had all died off.这家人一个个都死了。
⑵The poor children died off because of lack of food.由于缺乏食品孩子们一个个死去。
*dying for sth./to do sth. 渴望…
eg.
⑴I’m dying for something to eat.我极想吃点东西。
⑵He is dying to know where you’ve been.他极想知道你去哪里了。
*其他情况：
⑴Xiang Lin-sao died poor. 祥林嫂在穷困中死去。
⑵He died a millionaire.他死时是个百万富翁。
8．插入语
一般是对一句话作一些附加的解释。如果去掉插入语，对句子结构并无影响。插入语可用于陈述句, 或疑问句（要用陈述语气，且疑问词应放在插入语的前面），其位置可在句中或句末。常见的插入语有：I hope, I think, I wonder, do you believe, I guess, I suppose, you see, don’t you think, don’t you know, I tell you, what’s more等。
eg.
⑴How much money did he say he spent in traveling abroad 他说他在国外旅行花了多少钱？
⑵Which food do you think is healthy and which is unhealthy
你认为哪种食物是有益于健康，哪种无益于健康？
⑶Where did she suggest we should shopping 她建议我们去哪儿购物？
⑷That will be a good beginning, I hope.希望这是一个良好的开端。
⑸The report, I think, was both interesting and instructive.
我觉得这个报告既有意思又有教育意义。
⑹When do you suppose they’ll be back 你认为他们会在什么时候回来？
高考题链接：
①He made another wonderful discovery , _______ of great importance to science.（1998上海高考）
A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is
分析：本题考查定语从句中插入语的用法，因为插入语必须位于引导词之后，所以D项不对。因为做定语从句的主语，所以不能再用it，B、C明显不对。
答案：A
②Maggie has been fortunate to find a job she loves and, _______ , she gets well paid for it.（2005浙江高考）
A. sooner or later B. what’s more C. as a result D. more or less
分析：“sooner or later”意为“迟早”，“as a result”意为“结果”，“more or less”意为“或多或少”。根据题意： “Maggie很幸运找到了她喜欢的工作，而且报酬也不错”，此处应选“what’s more”（而且），做插入语。
答案：B
③Mum is coming. What present ______ for your birthday （2005福建高考）
A. you expect she has got
B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she has got
D. do you expect has she got
分析：本题选项中的do you expect为插入语，用来征求对方的意见或征询对方的看法，这种特殊疑问句的主谓语应使用陈述句语序。
答案：C
9.adapt:
*适应（新环境）,常用于：adapt to sth..
adapt oneself to sth.
eg.
⑴Generally speaking, the species that are able to adapt to the change of the environment will survive, while the others will die out.
一般来说，能够适应环境变化的物种会继续生存下去，而那些适应性差的物种就灭绝。
⑵When you are abroad, you must find ways to adapt yourself to the culture and custom there.你到国外后，要设法使自己适应那里的文化和风俗习惯。
⑶Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark.我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗的环境。
*改编，改写，修改某事物
eg.
⑴The film Farewell My Concubine was adapted from the novel of the same title by Hong Kong novelist Li Bihua.电影《霸王别姬》是根据香港作家李碧华的同名长篇小说改编的。
⑵This novel has been adapted for radio from the Russian original.
那部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目。
⑶This machine has been specially adapted for use underwater.
这机器是为水下使用而特别改装的。
*adaptable adj. 能适应的，可改编的
adaptation n. 适应，改编本
adaptability n. 适应性
adaptor n. 适配器，转接器
10.at present 目前，现在
eg.
⑴She is busy at present and can’t speak to you now.她现在忙，不能和你说话。
⑵We don’t need any help at present.我们现在不需要帮助。
*for the present 目前，暂时
eg.
⑴I’ve got enough money for the present.我的钱暂时够用。
⑵I can’t remember his name for the present.我一时记不起他的名字了。
*presently adv. “马上，立刻”， 在美国英语中也可表示“现在”的意思
eg.
⑴I’ll be with you presently.我不久就可以陪你。
⑵The Secretary of state is presently considering the proposal.国务卿现在正在考虑该项建议。
⑶The manager will be here presently.经理马上就来。
11.common adj.共同的，共用的，普通的，常见的
常用短语：
in common 共同，共用
in common with… 和…一样
out of the common 不平常的
have something / a lot/much in common with sb./sth. 和…有些（许多）共同之处
have nothing /a little/little in common with 和…没有（有一点，几乎没有）共同之处
eg.
⑴They are sisters, but they have nothing in common.他们虽是姐妹，但毫无共同之处。
⑵In common with many young people, he likes pop music.和许多年轻人一样，他喜欢流行音乐。
⑶Real friends should have everything in common.真正的朋友应该不分彼此。
⑷In common with most educated people he prefers classical music to jazz.
如同大多数受过教育的人，他也喜欢古典音乐而不喜欢爵士乐。
⑸The two brothers have little in common in their manners.这兄弟俩的举止极少有相似之处。
⑹He noticed nothing out of the common.他没发现异乎寻常的事。
考题链接：
They have a lot ______ and become good friends.
A. in case B. in common C. in surprise D. in peace
分析：根据句意：他们有许多共同之处，成了好朋友。应搭配成have a lot in common。
答案：B
12．set free 释放，…自由
⑴The PLA men broke into the prison and set all the revolutionaries free.
解放军打进监狱，把革命者全部释放。
⑵Great power is set free when water is boiled.水煮沸时会释放出巨大的能量。
⑶I opened the cage door and set the bird free.我打开鸟笼把鸟儿放了。
*free adj. 自由的，无拘无束的；免费的；空闲的
短语：be free to do sth. 自由自在，不受拘束地做某事
be free from/of… 不受…影响的
free and easy 不拘束的，轻松的
free of charge 免费
for free 免费
eg.
⑴Everyone is free to express himself.每个人都可以畅所欲言。
⑵Anyone who buys this breakfast food gets a free gift of a small plastic toy.
购买这份早餐食物的人都可得到一件免费的塑料玩具。
⑶The atmosphere in the office is quite free and easy.办公室的气氛很轻松。
⑷The doctor will be free in ten minutes. Can you wait that long
医生十分钟后有空，你能等一下吗？
⑸She was free from all blame for the accident.那次事故完全不能怪她。
⑹The old lady is never free from/of pain.那位老太太从未摆脱过病痛。
⑺Delivery is free of charge if goods are paid for in advance.如欲付货款就可免费送货。
⑻I got this ticket for free from somebody who didn’t want it.我这张票没花钱，是别人不要的。
*free v. 使自由，免除，解放，使松动
⑴The little boy freed the bird from its cage.那小男孩把笼里的鸟儿放了。
⑵I need to go out. Can you free me for an hour 我需要出去一下，你能让我离开一小时吗？
⑶At last he freed himself from debt.他终于还清了债务。
13. as a result 结果是
as a result of… …的结果
eg.
⑴It rained heavily. As a result, we had to stay at home.雨下得大，结果，我们都得呆在家里。
=We had to stay at home as a result of the heavy rain.
⑵As a result of the pilot’s strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.
由于飞行员罢工，所有的航班被迫取消。
*result in … “引起，导致”，表示结果
result from…“作为…的结果”，表示原因
eg.
⑴The trial resulted in his being sentenced to two years’imprisonment.
审判结果是他被判刑两年.。
⑵Hard work results in success.努力工作就能成功。
⑶The election resulted in a great victory for their party.选举结果，他们的党取得巨大胜利。
⑷Her injury resulted from a fall.她因摔倒而受伤。
⑸The accident resulted from carelessness.事故是因粗心而引起的。
高考题链接：
My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; _____, he could neither eat nor sleep.（2005江西高考）
A. as a result B. after all C. any way D. otherwise
分析：本题考查句意及词组辨析能力，“after all”意为“毕竟”，“any way” 意为“无论如何”，“otherwise ”意为“否则的话”。题干前后为因果关系，因此选用as a result。
答案：A
14.reduce
*vt. “减少，缩减，降低”，与to连用时表示“减少到，减低到”，与by连用时表示“减少了，减低了”
eg.
⑴This shirt was greatly reduced in the sale.这种衬衣在大减价时降价很多。
⑵The driver reduced the speed when the car was passing through a town.
当汽车穿过城镇时，驾驶员减慢速度。
⑶Some fat people try to reduce their weight.一些肥胖的人设法减肥。
⑷He won’t reduce the rent of our house.他不肯减收我们的房租。
⑸Her weight has been reduced by 6 kilos.她的体重已减少了六公斤。
*vt. reduce sb./sth. to…使某人/某事物陷入某种（通常指更坏的）状态或状况中
eg.
⑴The fire reduced the house to ashes.这场火灾把那所房子化为灰烬。
⑵Overwork has reduced him to a physical wreck.他过度劳累而损害了健康 。
相似用法：increase by…增加/长了…
increase to…增加/长到…
eg.
⑴The population has increased to 1.9 million now.人口现在已增加到190万。
⑵The rate of inflation has increased by 2﹪.通货膨胀率已增长了2﹪。
高考题链接：
----The cars give off a great deal of waste gas into streets.
----Yes. But I’m sure something will be done to______ air pollution.(1996 上海高考)
A. reduce B. remove C. collect D. warn
分析：根据题意“汽车向街道排放出大量的废气。是的，但我确信将采取某些措施来减少空气污染”，以及四个选项的词义，此处应选A.
答案：A
15.spread v. 传播，蔓延；铺开，摊开；伸展，扩展
eg.
⑴He spread the news around the town.他在镇上到处传播这一消息。
⑵The bird spread （out）its wings.那只鸟张开了翅膀。
⑶The strike has already spread to other factories.罢工已在其他工厂产生连锁反应。
⑷Fear spread quickly through the village.全村不多久就人心惶惶了。
⑸Flies spread disease.苍蝇传播疾病。
⑹He spread the map out on the floor.他把地图铺在地板上。
⑺Have you seen a desert spreading for hundreds of miles 你见过绵延上百英里的沙漠吗？
短语：spread like wildfire （尤指谣言、传闻、疾病）飞速地传开
spread (sb./oneself ) out 使某人/自己离开其他人或散开
eg.
⑴The news spread like wildfire.消息不胫而走。
⑵The search party spread out over the moor.搜索队在荒草地分散行动。
⑶Don’t all sit together, spread yourselves out.别都挤在一块，分开坐吧。
高考链接：
Papermaking began in China and from here it _______ to North Africa and Europe.（2002上海春季高考）
A. spread B. grew C. carried D. developed
分析：根据句意“造纸术起源于中国，从这里传播到北非和欧洲”，应选spread
答案：A
16. match
(1) vt. （在品质、颜色、设计等方面与---）相等，相当，相配
The tie matches your suit. 这领带与你的西装相配。
The color of the shirt does not match that of the coat.
衬衫的颜色与上衣不搭配。
The curtain matches the wall very well. 窗帘与墙壁十分搭配。
(2) vi. 相配，相当
These gloves do not match. 这两只手套不配对。
The curtains and carpets match well. 地毯与窗帘很相配。
These shoes do not match, one is large and the other is small.
这双鞋不相配，一只大一只小。
(3) vt. 与---比赛，匹敌
I can match Jack at this game. 我可与杰克在此项目上匹敌。
I often match my strength with my brother’s. 我常和我哥哥较力气。
(4) n. 火柴，比赛
He struck a match to light the room. 他划了根火柴来照亮房间。
There will be a football match between Class 1 and Class 2 this Saturday.
本周六一班与二班之间有场足球赛。
(5) n. 对手
You are no match for me in tennis. 打网球你不是我的对手。
He is more than a match for me. 他是比我高明的对手。
He never met his match in playing computer games. 打电脑游戏，他从未遇到过对手。
Have you found your match 你遇上对手了吗？
17.a series of 一系列，许多，一套，一组
a series of good harvests 连年的丰收
a series of questions 一系列问题
a series of Long March memorial stamps 一套长征纪念邮票
a series of pictures 连环画
Our army has won a series of victories. 我们军队连战皆捷。
She bought a series of stamps. 她买了一套邮票。
serial adj. 连续的，一系列的，一串的
n. 连续剧，连载小说等
the serial number of a check 一张支票的序号
An exciting new serial story will begin in our next week’s issue.
一个刺激而新颖的连载故事将于下周开始在本刊登出。
I prefer Korean TV serials. 我爱看韩剧。
18. in trouble 处于不幸或困境中
We should help those who are in trouble. 我们应该帮助那些处境困难的人。
Hi! You are in trouble, aren’t you 你又遇到麻烦了，是不是？
When in trouble, you should turn to your friends for help.
你遇到困难时，应该向朋友求助。
相关链接：
(1) ask/look for trouble 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃
You are asking for trouble yourself! 你真是自讨苦吃！
Forget me, please. Why do you ask for trouble 忘掉我吧，为什么你要自寻烦恼呢？
Don’t ask for trouble by worrying about exams. 别为考试担心而自寻烦恼了。
(2) have trouble in doing/with sth. 做事费劲
I have some trouble in doing my homework. 我做作业有些困难。
Do you have any trouble with grammar 对付语法你有什么难处吗？
(3) get into/out of trouble 陷入困境，惹麻烦/摆脱困难
Little John was always getting into trouble. 小约翰总是惹麻烦。
He wanted to change for my money but he got into trouble.
他想给我找零钱，但陷入了困难。
If we work hard, we can get out of trouble. 如果我们努力工作，我们可以摆脱困境。
(4) go to the trouble of doing 不辞辛劳地做某事
She went to the trouble of explaining the sentence again.
她特意又解释了一遍那个句子。
She goes to the trouble of trying to advise him to give up smoking.
她不辞辛苦地劝他戒烟。
John went to the trouble of drawing pictures for children.
约翰不辞辛苦地为孩子们作画。
(5) make trouble 闹事，惹麻烦
Don’t make trouble in your classroom. 别在你们教室里捣乱。
My little brother often makes trouble in my study. 我的小弟第常在我的书房捣乱。
(6) be a trouble to do sth. 做某事是件麻烦事
Preparing this dish is a trouble. 准备这道菜是件麻烦事。
She doesn’t want to be a trouble of me. 她不想成为我的麻烦。
19. If only---
a) 从属连词，但它引起的从句却能单独成句，且能表达完整的意思，“要是---就好了”，表达一种不能实现或难以实现的愿望，相当于wish，但语气更强。
b) 从句的谓语要使用虚拟语气，表达现在不可能实现的愿望，谓语动词用一般过去式；表达过去不能实现的愿望，谓语动词用过去完成式；表达将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词用would/could+动词原形或用一般过去式。
If only I had taken his advice! 要是我听了他的建议就好了！
If only I could swim! 我要是会游泳该多好！
If only she had had more courage! 当时她要是再勇敢一点就好了！
If only that photo weren’t missing! 但愿那张照片没有丢失。
If only it would stop raining. 要是雨能停下就好了。
If only I had more money I could buy a car. 要是我有更多的钱我就能买两辆汽车了。
If only we had arrived in time, we would not have missed the train.
要是我们按时到，就不会误车。
c) only if “只有---”，引起陈述语气的真实条件句。
Only if you study harder, you will succeed. 只要更加用功学习，就会成功的。
Only if you try your best, you will not regret in the future.
只有尽了最大的努力，你将来才不会后悔。
e across （偶然）发现，遇见（不用于被动语态）
I came across him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上遇见了他。
I came across his name on the list. 我无意中在名单上发现了他的名字。
A man was walking through a wood, and he came across a bear.
一个人正在树林里行走，他遇到了一头熊。
He suddenly came across an idea. 他突然有了个主意。
表示“偶然遇见”，还可以用以下短语：
run across, meet with, happen to meet, run into, meet---by chance
It was really unlucky that he met with an accident again.
真倒霉，他又出了一次事故。
考题链接：
He owes me five pounds but I doubt if he’ll ever _____ with it.
A. come up B. come along C. come in D. come across
答案：D
分析：come across (with sth.) “给或交给（钱、资料等）”
21. treat
a) vt. 对待 treat---as/like
They treated me as one of the family, which was very kind of them.
他们把我作为一个家庭成员来对待，他们真是太好了。
I treat him as one of my friends. 我把他当成我的一个朋友来看待。
His wife treats him badly. 他妻子对他不好。
b) vt. 治疗 treat a disease/sb.
He is seriously ill, and is being treated in hospital now.
他病得很重，现正在医院接受治疗。
Are you able to treat his disease 你能治他的病吗？
I’ll go to the dentist’s to have my teeth treated.我要去牙医那里治疗牙病。
c) vt. vi. 款待，请客 treat sb. to sth.
It’s your turn to treat. 轮到你请客了。
The boy treated himself to a big cake. 那个孩子给自己买了一个大蛋糕。
d) vt. 讨论，探讨
The lecturer treated his subject thoroughly. 那个演讲者对其讲题阐述得很透彻。
The problem has been treated by numerous experts. 这个问题已经由很多专家探讨过了。
e) n. 乐事（尤指不常享用或突如其来者）；款待，招待
It’s a great treat for him to go to Canada. 去加拿大对他来说是一大乐事。
What a treat to get into the peace and quiet of the country!
居住在宁静的乡间真是一件乐事。
This is going to be my treat. 这次我请客。
22. compare v. 比较，和---相比
If you compare British football with American football you’ll find many differences.
你把英式足球同美式足球作一比较，你会发现许多不同之处。
If you compare both of our cars you’ll find they’re very much alike.
把我们这两辆汽车作一比较，你便会发现它们十分相似。
compare---to--- 把---比作---
Poets always compare life to a candle. 诗人们总是把生命比作蜡烛。
He rudely compared my homemade bread to a lump of rock.
他把我家做的面包比作硬石块，真是无礼。
He compares his lover to a rose. 他把情人比作玫瑰。
compare---with/to--- 把---同---相比
He likes to compare me to other kids. 他喜欢把我同其他孩子相比。
Can you compare this computer with that one
你能将这台电脑同那台做个比较吗？
compared with/to--- 与---比较起来
Compared with/to her mother, she is tall. 和妈妈相比，她比较高。
London is large, compared to/with Paris. 与巴黎相比，伦敦较大。
23. force, power, strength n. 都可表示“力”
force: 主要指使用并表现出来的使人或物体克服阻力、开始或加快运动的力，即实际上做功的力，引申为武力、暴力等。
power: 使用范围广泛，指能做功或起作用的任何力和力量，尤指产生效果的能力；可以是身体的或心理的，外在的或潜存的，固有的或获得的，具体的或抽象的。
strength: 多指人体或物体内存的某种能力，如气力、耐力、抵抗力、争斗力等。
You must use force to open that bottle. 你必须用力打开那个瓶子。
The thief took the money from the old man by force. 小偷用暴力夺走了老人的钱。
I don’t think the United States would come to an end if we lost our power to declare an Act of Congress void.我想如果我们没有力量宣布国会法案无效，美国也不会走向死亡。
The power of the government has increased greatly over the past century.
最近一个世纪以来，政府的权力大大加强了。
He claims to have the power to see into the future.他宣称具有预知未来的能力。
We have enough work to do, and we have strength to do the work.
我们有足够的工作做，也有足够的力量做这些工作。
We are of course a nation of differences. Those differences don’t make us weak. They’re the source of our strength.
当然，我们是一个有着许多不同的国家。这些不同不仅没有削弱我们，它们是我们力量的源泉。
It’s beyond/outside/not within my power to help you.我没有能力帮助你。
The press is a great power in this country. 这个国家里新闻界的影响力非常大。
The strength of feeling on this issue is considerable. 在这个问题上表现出来的情绪很强。
For a small woman she has surprising strength. 她个子虽小但力大惊人。
同步练习：
一、 单项选择
1.---I’ve got your invitation.
---Oh, good. ______(2002 北京)
A. Can you come B. Thanks a lot
C. I’ll take it D. May I help you
2.---Waiter!
---_____
---I can’t eat this. It’s too salty.(2000 NMET)
A. Yes, sir B. What C. All right D. Pardon
3.I saw the trees ______ the leaves were black with disease.
A. where B. of which C. their D. whose
4.She spent as much time as she _____ the poor.
A. could to help B. could helping C. was able to help D. wanted to help
5.How about the two of us _____ a walk down the garden
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
6.A thief is ____ danger to _______ society.
A. the; the B. a; a C. a; / D. /; the
7.The following day she didn’t go to the club. _____ she took a short walk in a park nearby.
A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Besides
8.Even though they ____ side by side for 20 years, the two neighbors are not very friendly.
A. have been living B. had been living
C. have been live D. having been living
9.A new cinema _____ here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built
10.Is it a fact that everyone in your town _____ God
A. believes B. believe in C. believes in D. believe
11.Bob said he was going to _____ himself to a vacation in the mountains because he had been so tired.
A. press B. add C. touch D. treat
12.I’ll never forget the years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, _____ has a great effect on my life.
A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who
二、 单词拼写
1.Many rare animals are ______(处于危险中).
2.We _____(测量) the stone and found its weight is 5 tons.
3.He is an ______(专家) in skin disease.
4.His spare time was ______(奉献，投身) to repairing bikes.
5.A large _______(数量) of praise was given to Tom.
6.She often ______(分担) my troubles.
7.There are _______(多种多样) of flowers in the garden.
8.The good news _____(传播，蔓延) in our village.
9.Love, joy, fear are all ______(感情，情绪).
10.Teaching is a pleasant _____(过程).
11.We can’t say that he is a person of poor _______(智力).
12.He was _______(满意的) to win a medal.
13.Our ______(当地的) doctor can’t treat this kind of disease.
14.It’s your turn to _____(请客).
15._____(知识) is power.
三、 短文改错
Mrs. Brown was walking near a playground. She was a hurry 1.___________
to visit her four grandchildren. She missed them very much 2.___________
because she had seen them for quite a long time. She was 3.___________
walking while suddenly she saw a ball coming in her 4.____________
direction. She was already in her seventy. Should she kick 5.____________
the ball to send it back and should she just go past leaving 6.____________
the ball where it was Finally with greatly care she 7.____________
gave it a kick. The ball went straight out the goal. How 8._____________
wonderful it was! And she happened to have helped won 9.____________
the match. And all her four grandchildren were on team of 10.___________
the winners.
答案与分析：
一、
1.A 只有A才能表现出诚恳地征求对方的意见，其它答案不符合语境。
2.A Yes表示“什么事？怎么了？”，其中包含着“你有什么指教吗？”是服务员常用语。
3.B which替代先行词trees,还原为the leaves of the trees.
4.B spend some time (in) doing 花时间做某事。
5.C How/What about--- 常用来表示征求对方意见或向对方提出建议，后常接名词、代词或动名词。
6.C 此处danger意思为“危险物或有威胁的人”，是可数名词，前面加不定冠词；society当社会讲时，前不加冠词。
7.C therefore “因此”，表结果；however “但是”，表转折；instead“而是”，表选择；besides“而且”，表递进。
8.A 过去的状态延续到现在，并且现在正在进行，因此用现在完成进行时。
9.D 根据题意可知，新的电影院正在建设之中。
10.C that引导的是fact的同位语从句，believe in “信仰，信奉”。
11.D treat---to--- “款待”
12.B when是关系副词，在第一个定语从句中作时间状语；which是关系代词，在非限定性定语从句中做主语，代整个主句。
二、
1.endangered 2.measured 3.expert 4.devoted 5.amount
6.shares 7.varieties 8.spread 9.emotions 10.process
11.intelligence 12.satisfied 13.local 14.treat 15.Knowledge
三、
1.was后加in
2.正确
3.had后加not
4.while改为when
5.seventy改为seventies
6.and改为or
7.greatly 改为great
8.out 改为into
9.won改为win
10.on 后加the
