Unit2 Working the land教案示例(1)
教学目的和要求
(Teaching aims and demands)
类别 课程标准要求掌握的项目
话题 Agriculture: a pioneer in farming; organic farming & green food
词汇 hunger sunburn sunburnt struggle super output expand circulate satisfied equip freedom violin motorcycle grain export suitable chemical confuse mineral reduce supply bacteria pest level whatever summary exchange nutrition certain
rid ... of be satisfied with lead a ... life would rather refer to
功能 建议(Suggestions&advice)I would rather .... I don't like ... because ....I'd prefer ... because .... It's a great pity that ....Should I / we ... It's better to ....If I have a choice I'd choose ... because .... You need to ....May I suggest ... Let me suggest Leng Jianli because ....Perhaps we should consider Leng Jianli because .... But what / how about ...
语法 动词的-ing形式作主语和宾语的用法(The -ing form as the subject & object)Wishing for things, however, costs nothing.His other hobbies include playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.
教学建议
(Suggested teaching notes)
一、教学内容分析
本单元的中心话题是“农业”。
“热身”(Warming Up)部分围绕有关农业、农村和农作物种植的内容提问,让学生谈谈对农村和农业劳动的认识或经验。在讨论中,教师可充分调动来自农村的学生的讨论积极性,并给予学生一个互相学习和交流的机会。对于没有这方面知识和体验的学生,教师应鼓励他们利用这一机会进行社会调查,有条件的最好能到农村体验生活,让学生有机会真正了解农村生活,了解中国农民的生活现状,提高他们对农业的认识,并且帮助他们更深刻地理解农业科学家袁隆平的科学研究的价值。
“读前”(Pre-reading)部分提了两组问题。第一组问题讨论大米在东亚和东南亚国家的人民基本生活中所处的地位;第二组向题提出了世界上迫切要解决的现象即饥饿。有关讨论不仅力图激发学生的创造性思维,帮助对课文的理解,还培养了学生的同情心和人道主义精神。
“阅读”(Reading)部分介绍中国著名的农业科学家袁隆平和他的巨大成就。第一段通过对袁隆平的外貌描写,刻画出一个普通中国农民的形象。袁隆平也称他自己是农民,也和农民一起耕种,他的科研殿堂就是广阔的农村。然后介绍袁隆平的科研成果—超级杂交水稻。第二段介绍袁隆平的家庭背景、学业和科研情况。第三段勾勒出袁博士不图名不图利,无私奉献的高尚品质。他过着普通人的生活,干着伟大的事业。本文塑造了一个朴实、务实的中国农业科学家的形象。
“理解”( Comprehending)部分设计了三个练习。第一个是判断练习,一改非此即彼的绝对化思维模式,设计了部分有待进一步收集信息和讨论的题目。第二个是词语理解题。第三个练习要求学生在阅读课文后回答问题,锻炼他们的归纳总结能力。
“语言学习”(Learning about Language)部分学习本单元重点词汇和语法项目(动词-ing形式作主语和宾语的用法)。词语学习部分采用根据释义从课文中找词、用所找的词汇完成短文,以及用课文中意义相近词汇替换句中划线部分三种练习形式,帮助学生理解并应用课文中所学的词汇。语法部分通过从课文中找同义句引出动词的-ing形式,教师要启发学生去理解-ing形式的句法功能。然后,模仿例句,用-ing形式做主语改写句子。练习三通过连接短语造句,让学生学习-ing形式作宾语的用法,并列举后面接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词。教学中,可以与不定式的用法进行比较,以提高学生的迁移能力。练习四具备任务型活动的特色,教师可以在学生动笔之前,向学生提供范例,最好是身边的人或大家熟悉的人。
“语言运用”(Using Language)部分综合训练学生的听说读写能力。第一部分读写结合,阅读文章介绍的是Organic farming,要求学生读后写一个摘要。首先,提示学生一篇好的摘要要能抓住文章的主题并运用重要的新学的词语。然后,向学生提出问题,找出阅读文章的主题句,教师可以向学生介绍主题句通常出现的位置和写法。讨论是提高写作水平的好方法,对摘要进行讨论,不仅提高学生的写作能力,也能提高学生对阅读文章的理解能力。听力部分要求学生先看问题,这样可以提高听的针对性和理解的正确性。听之前,还可以让
学生试着对这些问题进行回答,这样就可以把学生头脑中已有的知识和听力内容建立起联系,有利于训练学生的听力预测能力。Reading, speaking and writing部分把读、说和写有机地结合在一起。假设你是一个“绿色食品”生产商,你要说服他人购买你的食品,通过背景阅读和所提供的句型,进行对话。然后为你的食品设计一个广告。
“小结”(Summing Up)部分要求学生就内容、词语和结构三个方面进行归纳,归纳语法的时候,可以采用比较和联想的方法。
“学习建议”(Learning Tip)部分针对提高表达能力提出建议。无论是会话还是写作的过程中,运用笔记都是行之有效的,它可以帮助学生理清思路并合理组织有关观点。
本单元涉及的要点是:
(一)了解农村、农业以及农作物耕种的基本知识,了解袁隆平博士的研究成果以及有机耕作的重大意义。
(二)学习有关农业的词汇,如:bacteria, pest, soil,grain等。
(三)掌握动词-ing形式作主语和宾语的用法。
(四)进一步复习巩固如何表达意见和建议。
(五)学习如何设计英文广告。
第 1 页Unit2 Working the land教案示例(2)
教学方法建议
(一)口语训练
配合读前活动,收集一些关于世界各地食物供应现状的材料,并根据下列数据和问题讨论如何帮助改变饥饿现象。
International Facts on Hunger and Poverty (2002)
·Every eight. seconds, a child somewhere in the world dies from starvation. More than 6 million children under the age of 5 die from starvation every year.
·More than 800 million people in the world suffer from chronic malnutrition - 799 million of them are from the developing world. More than 153 million of them are under the age of 5.
·Some 700,000 Central Americans are suffering from hunger today, including 6,000 children at risk of starving to death.
·The African countries suffering most severely from food shortage are Malawi, Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Questions:
1. Why do so many people go hungry
2. What can we do to help them
3. What can they themselves do to fight hunger
(二)阅读训练
教师可针对本单元的阅读材料和内容开展形式多样的教学活动,以下活动设计仅供参考:
1.Read A Pioneer for All People, write down the personal information for Yuan Longping.
PERSONAL INFORMATIONNAME_________________________________________________________________________ADDRESS______________________________________________________________________NATIONALITY__________________________________________________________________AGE___________________________________________________________________________OCCUPATION___________________________________________________________________EDUCATION____________________________________________________________________DREAM________________________________________________________________________ACHIEVEMENTS________________________________________________________________HOBBIES_______________________________________________________________________
2.归纳主题与中心思想There is a difference between the subject of a piece of writing and its main idea. Read the passage in Using Language, and try to fill in the blanks:
SUBJECT:
MAIN IDEA:
注意:The main idea of a passage is usually an assertion about the subject. An assertion is a statement that requires evidence to be accepted as true. The main idea is also the idea that holds together or controls the passage. The other sentences and ideas in the passage will all relate to that main idea and serve as evidence. The main idea must be general enough to hold all of the ideas together.
(三)写的训练
一篇好的摘要既要能抓住文章的中心思想,也要能包括文章的主要细节,教师可以通过加标题和提问题两项活动,帮助学生更有效地领会文章主题和掌握文章的主要内容。
1.加标题
A title tells the reader the topic of the passage. It is usually a word or phrase. Write a title for the passage in Using Language.
POSSIBLE TITLE:
注意:
1) Capitalize the first, last and all important words in the title. Do not capitalize prepositions and articles. But capitalize the article that begins the title.
2) Do not underline the title.
3) Do not use a period, comma, or quotation marks. But you can use an exclamation mark or a question mark.
2. 问与答
Asking the right questions is important when you Write. In the exercise below, write questions for these answers.
Q1: __________________________________________________________
A1: Organic farming refers to crops grown with natural rather than chemical fertilizers.
Q2: __________________________________________________________
A2: The fertilizers that organic farmers prefer is natural waste from animals.
Q3: __________________________________________________________
A3: Organic farmers change crops every two or three years.
Now you are asked to answer the following questions:
1) What are the advantages of the natural fertilizer
2) What are the disadvantages of the chemical fertilizer
3) Why do organic farmers change crops every
two or three years
(四)教学动词-ing形式的用法
1.动词的-ing形式的用法:
1)动词的-ing形式可以在句中做主语或宾语,此时也可称为动名词。例如:
Collecting stamps is a good hobby.集邮是良好的嗜好。
He enjoys fishing.他喜爱钓鱼。
2)动名词仍然保持着一些动词的性质,所以后面可以接宾语或副词性修饰语。例如:
Reading books widens our knowledge.读书增长我们的知识。
I don't like people talking when I'm reading.我读书时不喜欢人说话。
3)动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
Chatting with them improves our mind.和他们聊天增长我们的见识。
4)动名词既可作动词宾语,又可作介词宾语。例如:
Don't be afraid of speaking English.不要害怕讲英语。
I remember seeing him.我记得见过他。
2.动名词与不定式的比较:
1)下列动词常以动名词做宾语:
admit(承认),advise(建议),allow(允许),appreciate(感激),avoid(避免),complete(完成,consider(考虑),delay(延期),deny(否认),enjoy(享受),escape(逃避),finish(完成),imagine(想象),keep(保持),mind(介意),miss(错过),postpone(延期),practise(练习),quit(停止),suggest(建议),stop(停止)等
2)下列动词可以接动名词或不定式:
like(喜欢),love(爱),hate(恨),dislike(不喜欢),begin(开始),start(开始),cease(停止),continue(继续),intend(打算),prefer(较喜欢),can't bear(无法忍受),can't help(情不自禁)等
3)下列动词接动名词或不定式做宾语,表示不同的意义:
用法 例句
forget/remember/regret+V-ing(已做了)forget/remember/regret+to V(未做) I forgot mailing your letter.我忘了我已将你的信寄出了。I forgot to mail your letter.我忘了要给你去寄信。
mean+V-ing(意味着)mean+to V打算) Being early may mean wasting a little time.早去也许会浪费一点时间。You really mean to go 你真的想走?
try+V-ing(试着在做)try+to V(设法去做 He tried opening the back door with the key.他试着用这把钥匙开后门。He tried to open the back door with the key.他想要用这把钥匙开后门。
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