unit2 integrating skills and writing[上学期]
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| 名称 | unit2 integrating skills and writing[上学期] |
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| 格式 | rar | ||
| 文件大小 | 41.1KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2006-09-24 00:00:00 | ||
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课件24张PPT。integrating skill How are the reports different ?1.“a small group of fewer than a hundred ”---make the group sound small.
“people”
“caused trouble”
“most successful company”
“the rude and noise group”
“made it difficult for workers”
“trouble makers”
“left peaceful… them fought”2 “more than ninety”---emphasizes that the group was large
“caring citizens”
“made their voices heard”
“the city’s …polluter”
“the citizens…planet”
“talked to…message”
“activists”
“company sent out a group of angry men armed with stick to fight with the citizens”Different people will have different opinion about the same thingPeriod 2 Writing(Materials: P16writing+additional)1. learn the writing style
2. write a comparison paragraphAims:议论文(Argumentation)
议论文是作者就某一话题，某个问题，或时间发表自己的看法，进行议论、分析、说明和论证，阐明自己的观点和主张。一篇完整的议论文应包括论点、论据和论证。因此，鲜明的论点，确凿的论据，严密的论证是议论文的三个基本要素。
议论文通常是按照提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的顺序来安排层次，也称为引论、本论和结论，即所谓的“三段式”论法。
I cannot agree with the statement that money spent on space research is wasted. On the contrary, I feel that space research does bring mankind real benefits.
Firstly, there are all sorts of by-products of space research. Space research has improved the quality of life in all sorts of arrears, which do not seem to be directly concerned with space. Thanks to space research, we have, for example, better medicines, better air travel, better technology in the kitchen and the office.
Secondly, it is exciting for people to think of space travel. It is thrilling not only for small boys but also for adults to think of exploring the stars. It seems to meet some need in the human spirit for adventure. Example: My View on Space Research Throughout history man has aspired to go out to seek the unknown. Most corners of the earth have now been discovered and so we are turning our sights even farther a field.
Thirdly, who knows when we will actually have a real need of space? The world is steadily becoming more and more over-populated. In addition, the resources of the world are being gradually used up. We may find that our children actually have to make use of any living space and resources that can be found in space.
For these three reasons given above I feel quite strongly that money spent on space research is money put to good use.? 一、议论文的布局 ?? 布局，亦即文章的思路，一般是开头提出问题(引论)，提出中心论点部分，点明题旨；第二部分分析问题(本论)，运用有关论据进行论证，这部分内容较多，还可以分层；第三部分解决问题(结论)，总结全文，强调中心论点，深化主旨。 湖北省最近规定，允许中小学生上课时间上厕所。你班同学就此事进行了讨论。请根据下表内容写一篇英语短文介绍双方的意见和你的态度。注意：
词数100左右
标题已给出
参考词汇 课间休息break time 集中（注意力）concentrate
Is it OK to permit students to go to the toilet during class?第一步：选择准确的词和词组简要地表达的要点。(topic) students go to the toilet during class
some think since they forget they can go later
if not, they won’t concentrate and it affect health
others don’t agree, it disorder class
study interrupted, form good habit, learn to control themselves
younger permitted, older shouldn’t第二步：将要点写成完整的句子，注意时态、语态人称等。(topic) students go to the toilet during class
some think since they forget they can go later
if not, they won’t concentrate and it affect health
others don’t agree, it disorder class
study interrupted, form good habit, learn to control themselves
younger permitted, older shouldn’tPrimary and middle school students may go to the toilet during classSome of my classmates think it understandable that if some of the students forget to go to the toilet during the break, they can go there during class.If they’re not permitted to, they can’t concentrate in class and it will affect their health.The others disagree and say it will be hard for teachers to keep order in class. Their study can also be interrupted. They should form a good habit and learn to control themselves.Younger students can be permitted to do so, but older ones should not be encouraged.第三步：连句成文，连贯叙事，作适当的调整和修改。 According to a decision of Hubei Province, primary and middle school students may to go the toilet during class. We had a discussion about it. Some of my classmates think it understandable that if some of the students forget to go to the toilet during the break, they can also go there during class. If they’re not permitted to, they can’t concentrate in class, which will affect their health. The others disagree, saying it will be hard for teachers to keep order in class. Moreover, their study can also be interrupted. They should form a good habit and learn to control themselves. In my opinion, younger students can be permitted to do so, but older ones should not be encouraged, for they have 10 minutes’ break every 45 minutes.Outline of Paragraph 1 Topic sentence1.___
2.___
3.___
4.___
…….1.___
2.___
3.___
4.___
......ABOutline of Paragraph 2 Topic sentenceA 1B 1A2B2A 3B 3A4B4第四步：誊写并作适当的调整、修改。 There came a recent decision from Hubei Province that primary and middle school students may go to the toilet during class. We had a discussion about it.
Some of my classmates think it understandable that if some of the students forget to go to the toilet during the break, they can also go there during class. If they’re not permitted to, they can’t concentrate in class. What’s worse, it will affect their health.
The others disagree, saying it will be hard for teachers to keep order in class. Moreover, their study can also be interrupted. So, they should form a good habit and learn to control themselves.
As far as I’m concerned, younger students can be permitted to do so, but older ones shouldn’t be encouraged, since they have a 10-minute break every 45 minutes.1.比较型议论文(Comparative-Argument Essay)
e.g.1 Positive and negative Respects of Sports
??????? 1．体育运动的好处；
??????? 2．体育运动可能带来的副作用；
??????? 3．我参加体育运动的体会。
此类议论文主要用于比较一个事物的不同方面，或几种相似的事物的不同只处。这种作文要求考生通过比较事物各自的优劣或利弊关系，加以分析论证，得出结论表达自己的观点和看法。写作题目中多涉及某一事物的正反、利弊、优劣等两方面的问题。
常见的三段式结构的一种模式是在第一段中写问题的一个方面，在第二段写问题的另一方面。应注意在两段之间使用转承词语，使文章衔接紧密、自然流畅。第三段作为结尾段应按要求写自己的对待问题的观点和看法。结论一定要合理和客观，能够引人深省才更有意义。
" Useful Sentences Patterns and Expressions
Advantages and Disadvantages of ...题型
开篇：
??????? there is no doubt that ... has brought society advantages and disadvantages/ merits and drawbacks.
??????? With the development of ..., ... is/ are playing an increasingly important part in society today.
????????Obviously, it has both positive effects and negative effects.
??????? The first thing to be considered is ...
??????? ... has/ have already brought us many advantages.
?????? The advantage derived from ... are much greater than the disadvantages.
论证：
???????? But every coin has two sides.???????? There are two sides to everything/ every question.
???????? In spite of the adverse effects...has, it has its beneficial effects.
???????? Generally speaking, the advantages can be listed as follows:...
???????? On the one hand,... on the other hand,...
???????? Besides/ Moreover/ Furthermore...
???????? What is more serious is that...
结尾：
???????? After considering the advantages and disadvantages of ... I decided that...
???????? Based on the analysis above, I believe that the positive aspects/ advantages far outweigh the negative ones/ disadvantages.
???????? In conclusion, although... has its disadvantages, I consider that it has done society far more good than harm.
???????? All in all/ To sum up, I would say that...
?2．辩论型议论文(Pro-and Con Essay) e.g.1 Can Money Buy Happiness? ?????
?? 1．有人认为金钱是幸福之本(source of happiness)；
??????? 2．也有人认为金钱是万恶之源(root of all evil)；
??????? 3．你的看法。
辩论型议论文主要就目前社会上有争议性的观点和问题发表议论，要求考生审视正反两方面的论据。通过对同一问题的两种不同观点进行比较或对比而进行分析和评论、支持或驳斥。然后提出自己的看法并加以论证说明，最后的出结论。这类作文适用于评论两种截然相反，却都失之偏颇的观点，即那些很难说是好或是不好的主题。
常见写法是，在文章的开始提出两个相对的观点，客观地对其进行评论，可用一个或两个段落分别展开论述。最后一段对两种观点进行客观、合理的取舍，或者将二者融合，选其可取之处，形成自己的一种具有创新意识的观点。
" Useful Sentences Patterns and Expressions
My View on ...题型
开篇：
?????? Different people have different opinions about ... Some take it for granted that... But other people take / hold an opposite idea...
????? People’s opinions/ views about/on (whether)... vary from person to person. Some people say that ..., while others think/hold that...(vary from , 不同)
?????? There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of... Some people suggest that..., while some others argue that ...
???????? People show quite different attitudes about how to do ... effectively and efficiently.
论证：
????? In the fact of ... some people take the position that.../ some people come to believe that..., to which I can’t attach/ add my consent.
?????? As far as I am concerned...?????? When it comes to me,...
?????? From my point of view, it is reasonable to...
?????? There are two main reasons of my standpoint why I am opposed to/ in favor of（有利于）the second view.
???? It is hard to agree with the statement that...
结尾：
???? All things considered, I remain firmly in favor of...
?????On the whole, I agree with the statement that...
?????Therefore, the first view doesn’t hold water（不成立）.
??? According to the above analysis, we can conclude that...
??? Through the discussion mentioned above, we may draw a conclusion (得出结论)...
?????It goes without saying that...不用说3．阐述说明型议论文(Inductive Essay)e.g.1 Global Shortage of Fresh Water
??????? 1．人们以为淡水是取之不尽的（提示：雨水、河水、井水）。
??????? 2．实际上，淡水是非常紧缺的（提示：人口增加、工业用水、污染）。
??????? 3．我们应该怎么办。
阐述说明型议论文是将议论和说明结合在一起进行阐述的一种文体，要求就某一问题或现象，正面阐述自己的观点，并分析说明理由，通常要求用例证对其重要性、必要性、利弊关系或正误关系进行论证说明，有时还需要提出解决问题的办法或建议。
在三段式作文中，第一段引入主题、介绍背景信息；第二段正文对题目和提纲进行说明阐述，在论证过程中要举出具体例子；第三段结尾归纳主题，得出结论，与开首紧密呼应。Useful Sentences Patterns and Expressions
How或What题型
开篇：
??????? This is one of the most important problems facing the world today.
??????? It cannot be denied that... has/ have created certain problems for society today.
??????? Recently/ In recent years, there has been a growing concern among the general public over the problem of...
??????? It is generally/ widely accepted/ held that...
论证：??
It has been believed/ reported/ found/ estimated that...
??????? ... has a serious effect not only on... but also on...
?????? A number of factors would account for the development in...
??????? Some people assume/ say/ claim that... But this idea/ argument/ claim doesn’t work.
结尾：
??????? All things considered, the ... problem is one of the most pressing issues in today’s world and we must do all we can to solve it without delay.
??????? From this we can safely conclude that the problem of... has become more and more serious.
??????? Therefore, we can draw a conclusion that as long as we take effective measures, the problems will be solved.
“people”
“caused trouble”
“most successful company”
“the rude and noise group”
“made it difficult for workers”
“trouble makers”
“left peaceful… them fought”2 “more than ninety”---emphasizes that the group was large
“caring citizens”
“made their voices heard”
“the city’s …polluter”
“the citizens…planet”
“talked to…message”
“activists”
“company sent out a group of angry men armed with stick to fight with the citizens”Different people will have different opinion about the same thingPeriod 2 Writing(Materials: P16writing+additional)1. learn the writing style
2. write a comparison paragraphAims:议论文(Argumentation)
议论文是作者就某一话题，某个问题，或时间发表自己的看法，进行议论、分析、说明和论证，阐明自己的观点和主张。一篇完整的议论文应包括论点、论据和论证。因此，鲜明的论点，确凿的论据，严密的论证是议论文的三个基本要素。
议论文通常是按照提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的顺序来安排层次，也称为引论、本论和结论，即所谓的“三段式”论法。
I cannot agree with the statement that money spent on space research is wasted. On the contrary, I feel that space research does bring mankind real benefits.
Firstly, there are all sorts of by-products of space research. Space research has improved the quality of life in all sorts of arrears, which do not seem to be directly concerned with space. Thanks to space research, we have, for example, better medicines, better air travel, better technology in the kitchen and the office.
Secondly, it is exciting for people to think of space travel. It is thrilling not only for small boys but also for adults to think of exploring the stars. It seems to meet some need in the human spirit for adventure. Example: My View on Space Research Throughout history man has aspired to go out to seek the unknown. Most corners of the earth have now been discovered and so we are turning our sights even farther a field.
Thirdly, who knows when we will actually have a real need of space? The world is steadily becoming more and more over-populated. In addition, the resources of the world are being gradually used up. We may find that our children actually have to make use of any living space and resources that can be found in space.
For these three reasons given above I feel quite strongly that money spent on space research is money put to good use.? 一、议论文的布局 ?? 布局，亦即文章的思路，一般是开头提出问题(引论)，提出中心论点部分，点明题旨；第二部分分析问题(本论)，运用有关论据进行论证，这部分内容较多，还可以分层；第三部分解决问题(结论)，总结全文，强调中心论点，深化主旨。 湖北省最近规定，允许中小学生上课时间上厕所。你班同学就此事进行了讨论。请根据下表内容写一篇英语短文介绍双方的意见和你的态度。注意：
词数100左右
标题已给出
参考词汇 课间休息break time 集中（注意力）concentrate
Is it OK to permit students to go to the toilet during class?第一步：选择准确的词和词组简要地表达的要点。(topic) students go to the toilet during class
some think since they forget they can go later
if not, they won’t concentrate and it affect health
others don’t agree, it disorder class
study interrupted, form good habit, learn to control themselves
younger permitted, older shouldn’t第二步：将要点写成完整的句子，注意时态、语态人称等。(topic) students go to the toilet during class
some think since they forget they can go later
if not, they won’t concentrate and it affect health
others don’t agree, it disorder class
study interrupted, form good habit, learn to control themselves
younger permitted, older shouldn’tPrimary and middle school students may go to the toilet during classSome of my classmates think it understandable that if some of the students forget to go to the toilet during the break, they can go there during class.If they’re not permitted to, they can’t concentrate in class and it will affect their health.The others disagree and say it will be hard for teachers to keep order in class. Their study can also be interrupted. They should form a good habit and learn to control themselves.Younger students can be permitted to do so, but older ones should not be encouraged.第三步：连句成文，连贯叙事，作适当的调整和修改。 According to a decision of Hubei Province, primary and middle school students may to go the toilet during class. We had a discussion about it. Some of my classmates think it understandable that if some of the students forget to go to the toilet during the break, they can also go there during class. If they’re not permitted to, they can’t concentrate in class, which will affect their health. The others disagree, saying it will be hard for teachers to keep order in class. Moreover, their study can also be interrupted. They should form a good habit and learn to control themselves. In my opinion, younger students can be permitted to do so, but older ones should not be encouraged, for they have 10 minutes’ break every 45 minutes.Outline of Paragraph 1 Topic sentence1.___
2.___
3.___
4.___
…….1.___
2.___
3.___
4.___
......ABOutline of Paragraph 2 Topic sentenceA 1B 1A2B2A 3B 3A4B4第四步：誊写并作适当的调整、修改。 There came a recent decision from Hubei Province that primary and middle school students may go to the toilet during class. We had a discussion about it.
Some of my classmates think it understandable that if some of the students forget to go to the toilet during the break, they can also go there during class. If they’re not permitted to, they can’t concentrate in class. What’s worse, it will affect their health.
The others disagree, saying it will be hard for teachers to keep order in class. Moreover, their study can also be interrupted. So, they should form a good habit and learn to control themselves.
As far as I’m concerned, younger students can be permitted to do so, but older ones shouldn’t be encouraged, since they have a 10-minute break every 45 minutes.1.比较型议论文(Comparative-Argument Essay)
e.g.1 Positive and negative Respects of Sports
??????? 1．体育运动的好处；
??????? 2．体育运动可能带来的副作用；
??????? 3．我参加体育运动的体会。
此类议论文主要用于比较一个事物的不同方面，或几种相似的事物的不同只处。这种作文要求考生通过比较事物各自的优劣或利弊关系，加以分析论证，得出结论表达自己的观点和看法。写作题目中多涉及某一事物的正反、利弊、优劣等两方面的问题。
常见的三段式结构的一种模式是在第一段中写问题的一个方面，在第二段写问题的另一方面。应注意在两段之间使用转承词语，使文章衔接紧密、自然流畅。第三段作为结尾段应按要求写自己的对待问题的观点和看法。结论一定要合理和客观，能够引人深省才更有意义。
" Useful Sentences Patterns and Expressions
Advantages and Disadvantages of ...题型
开篇：
??????? there is no doubt that ... has brought society advantages and disadvantages/ merits and drawbacks.
??????? With the development of ..., ... is/ are playing an increasingly important part in society today.
????????Obviously, it has both positive effects and negative effects.
??????? The first thing to be considered is ...
??????? ... has/ have already brought us many advantages.
?????? The advantage derived from ... are much greater than the disadvantages.
论证：
???????? But every coin has two sides.???????? There are two sides to everything/ every question.
???????? In spite of the adverse effects...has, it has its beneficial effects.
???????? Generally speaking, the advantages can be listed as follows:...
???????? On the one hand,... on the other hand,...
???????? Besides/ Moreover/ Furthermore...
???????? What is more serious is that...
结尾：
???????? After considering the advantages and disadvantages of ... I decided that...
???????? Based on the analysis above, I believe that the positive aspects/ advantages far outweigh the negative ones/ disadvantages.
???????? In conclusion, although... has its disadvantages, I consider that it has done society far more good than harm.
???????? All in all/ To sum up, I would say that...
?2．辩论型议论文(Pro-and Con Essay) e.g.1 Can Money Buy Happiness? ?????
?? 1．有人认为金钱是幸福之本(source of happiness)；
??????? 2．也有人认为金钱是万恶之源(root of all evil)；
??????? 3．你的看法。
辩论型议论文主要就目前社会上有争议性的观点和问题发表议论，要求考生审视正反两方面的论据。通过对同一问题的两种不同观点进行比较或对比而进行分析和评论、支持或驳斥。然后提出自己的看法并加以论证说明，最后的出结论。这类作文适用于评论两种截然相反，却都失之偏颇的观点，即那些很难说是好或是不好的主题。
常见写法是，在文章的开始提出两个相对的观点，客观地对其进行评论，可用一个或两个段落分别展开论述。最后一段对两种观点进行客观、合理的取舍，或者将二者融合，选其可取之处，形成自己的一种具有创新意识的观点。
" Useful Sentences Patterns and Expressions
My View on ...题型
开篇：
?????? Different people have different opinions about ... Some take it for granted that... But other people take / hold an opposite idea...
????? People’s opinions/ views about/on (whether)... vary from person to person. Some people say that ..., while others think/hold that...(vary from , 不同)
?????? There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of... Some people suggest that..., while some others argue that ...
???????? People show quite different attitudes about how to do ... effectively and efficiently.
论证：
????? In the fact of ... some people take the position that.../ some people come to believe that..., to which I can’t attach/ add my consent.
?????? As far as I am concerned...?????? When it comes to me,...
?????? From my point of view, it is reasonable to...
?????? There are two main reasons of my standpoint why I am opposed to/ in favor of（有利于）the second view.
???? It is hard to agree with the statement that...
结尾：
???? All things considered, I remain firmly in favor of...
?????On the whole, I agree with the statement that...
?????Therefore, the first view doesn’t hold water（不成立）.
??? According to the above analysis, we can conclude that...
??? Through the discussion mentioned above, we may draw a conclusion (得出结论)...
?????It goes without saying that...不用说3．阐述说明型议论文(Inductive Essay)e.g.1 Global Shortage of Fresh Water
??????? 1．人们以为淡水是取之不尽的（提示：雨水、河水、井水）。
??????? 2．实际上，淡水是非常紧缺的（提示：人口增加、工业用水、污染）。
??????? 3．我们应该怎么办。
阐述说明型议论文是将议论和说明结合在一起进行阐述的一种文体，要求就某一问题或现象，正面阐述自己的观点，并分析说明理由，通常要求用例证对其重要性、必要性、利弊关系或正误关系进行论证说明，有时还需要提出解决问题的办法或建议。
在三段式作文中，第一段引入主题、介绍背景信息；第二段正文对题目和提纲进行说明阐述，在论证过程中要举出具体例子；第三段结尾归纳主题，得出结论，与开首紧密呼应。Useful Sentences Patterns and Expressions
How或What题型
开篇：
??????? This is one of the most important problems facing the world today.
??????? It cannot be denied that... has/ have created certain problems for society today.
??????? Recently/ In recent years, there has been a growing concern among the general public over the problem of...
??????? It is generally/ widely accepted/ held that...
论证：??
It has been believed/ reported/ found/ estimated that...
??????? ... has a serious effect not only on... but also on...
?????? A number of factors would account for the development in...
??????? Some people assume/ say/ claim that... But this idea/ argument/ claim doesn’t work.
结尾：
??????? All things considered, the ... problem is one of the most pressing issues in today’s world and we must do all we can to solve it without delay.
??????? From this we can safely conclude that the problem of... has become more and more serious.
??????? Therefore, we can draw a conclusion that as long as we take effective measures, the problems will be solved.