主旨题参考答案与部分解释[上学期]
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主旨题参考答案与解释
解题分析与训练1：
热身练习：主题句1； 阐述句2345667； 结论句8
如何寻找主题句
划出短文的主题句.
Passage 1
The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.
Passage 2
Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.
Man has made great progress in environment protection. Governments of many countries have established laws to protect the forests and sea resources and waste water and poisonous gases have been also dealt with.
Still more measures should be taken to solve the problems. People should be further educated to realize the importance of the problem, to use modern methods of birth control and learn to recycle our natural resources. We are sure that we shall have a better and cleaned planet in the future.
Passage3
A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. In deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different things with his limbs. Man’s games show how he can control his own body. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him.
Passage4
Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
段落大意的概括：
A篇 FABDE
1．从标题所提供信息来看，我们只能了解本文是对某现象或事物的研究，关于其事实、分析、推断、起因、依据、研究结果等，标题未提供有关文章内容的具体信息。对于这种情况，同学可先浏览全文，大致了解全文大意和段落关系，再分段阅读，选出合适标题。
全文大意：生物学家通过研究、收集各类事实和依据，推断酸雨导致鸟类蛋壳变薄。
第一段：从“a new study suggests…”可知，这是科学家通过研究证明的一个结果，因此应选F:A research conclusion.
第二段：科学家们通过收集同一地区的蛋壳，揭示“蛋壳变薄”这一现象。因此这属于一个科学事实，标题选A:Scientific facts.
第三段：从该段第一句可知，该段分析上述现象“蛋壳变薄”的起因。文中提到两个起因：使用杀虫剂以及酸雨。因此很容易误选C.事实上，本题中，C选项是一个迷惑性很强的干扰项，大家仔细阅读，会发现科学家认为英国农业使用DDT之前，该地区鸟类蛋壳变薄现象早已产生。因此Green通过分析，推断酸雨才是最可能的原因。因此该题选B:Analysis and inference
第四段：作者例举另一生活在土质酸化地区的鸟类tits（山雀）的蛋壳变薄的例子。德国一研究发现土质酸化地区的鸟类蛋壳比土质肥沃地区的薄2.7%。有同学从study 一词可能误选E: Further studies.我们可先读一下第五段：大意为：要断定土壤酸化程度与蛋壳厚度之间的关系以及酸雨是否真正影响鸟类生存与保护还需进一步的研究。由此可判断E“Further studies”作为第五段标题更为恰当,而第四段的事例正是证明第三段中的推断“Acid rain is the most likely cause of thinner shells”的“supporting evidences (依据) ”.故第四段标题为D“Supporting evidences”.
2．. 选定标题后，再把全文迅速看一遍，核对答案是否正确。
注： 本文内容初看较为散乱，而且生词较多，但只要弄清文章结构和段落之间的关系便可帮助我们确定段落主旨。另外，在遇到难以选定段落标题的情况时，可先跳过一段，先处理内容简单，容易概括主旨的段落，缩小标题选择范围，便于答题。
B篇 1—5 ACBFE
解题分析与训练2：文章大意与主题的概括
专项练习3： Exercise 1 D Exercise 2 A Exercise 3 D 4 A 5. C
解题分析与训练3
热身练习：1 C 2 B 3 D
专项练习4：1C 2 C 3 B 4 A 5D 6 AA 7 D 8 AD
解题分析与训练4
专项训练5：1 B 2 D 3 D 4 C 5 B 6 A 7 B
解题分析与训练5
例题1： B 例题2：CC
专项训练6： 1 C 2 A 3 B 4 D 5 B
解题分析与训练6
例题：A 专项训练7： 1 A 2 D 3 D 4 A
主旨题课外作业
练习一：划出主题句：
Passage 1
When you throw a ball up into the air as fast as you can, the ball reaches a point where it seems to pause for a moment, and then it comes down. When a bullet（子弹）is shot straight up, it will travel much faster and higher than a ball, but it, too, will come down. Whatever goes up must come down, we have always thought this to be true. An airplane may climb to a height of seventeen miles and then travel far and long. Yet it does not stay up forever. Finally, like everything else, the plane must come down.
Passage 2
Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.
练习二：主题匹配：BADCF
练习三：段落大意概括：AACB
练习四：1 A 2 B 3 A 4 C 5 D 6 C 7 A 8 D 9 CC 10 BC 11 A 12 BD 13 A
其他练习：依次为：BCBCB
具体解释
What is the topic of the text？
A．Young Thieves． B．An Unusual Illness． C．Reasons for Stealing． D．A Normal Child's Actions．
该题的答案，就是由文章第一句话而得，答案为B。
What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the paragraph？
A．The roller skates needed further improvement． B．The party guests took Merlin for a fool！
C．Merlin succeeded beyond expectation． D．Merlin got himself into trouble．
这段文字从Merlin入场的细节开始叙述，到最后一句做了总结：“大家很长一段时间都没有忘记Merlin不同凡响的入场。”可见Merlin取得了意想不到的成功。答案为C。
What would be the best title for the text？
A．The Joy of DIY． B．You Can Do It Too！
C．Welcome to Our DIY Course！ D．Ross and Hatfield：Believers in DIY．
读文章第一段和最后一段会发现答案是B。
The text is mainly about ____ ． A．Lexico B．three men C．a word game D．Alfred Butts
根据这一段落中间部分的叙述，我们能推断出答案是C。重复词最多的是game。
The best headline for this newspaper article is ____ ．
A．A Good Son B．A Special Soup C．How to Make Brains D．How to Live a Long Life
要解答此题，必须通读全文。读完全文，并结合各段大意，本文主旨凸现出来，答案应是B。
解题分析与训练1：
热身练习：主题句1； 阐述句2345667； 结论句8
如何寻找主题句
划出短文的主题句.
Passage 1
The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.
Passage 2
Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.
Man has made great progress in environment protection. Governments of many countries have established laws to protect the forests and sea resources and waste water and poisonous gases have been also dealt with.
Still more measures should be taken to solve the problems. People should be further educated to realize the importance of the problem, to use modern methods of birth control and learn to recycle our natural resources. We are sure that we shall have a better and cleaned planet in the future.
Passage3
A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. In deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different things with his limbs. Man’s games show how he can control his own body. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him.
Passage4
Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
段落大意的概括：
A篇 FABDE
1．从标题所提供信息来看，我们只能了解本文是对某现象或事物的研究，关于其事实、分析、推断、起因、依据、研究结果等，标题未提供有关文章内容的具体信息。对于这种情况，同学可先浏览全文，大致了解全文大意和段落关系，再分段阅读，选出合适标题。
全文大意：生物学家通过研究、收集各类事实和依据，推断酸雨导致鸟类蛋壳变薄。
第一段：从“a new study suggests…”可知，这是科学家通过研究证明的一个结果，因此应选F:A research conclusion.
第二段：科学家们通过收集同一地区的蛋壳，揭示“蛋壳变薄”这一现象。因此这属于一个科学事实，标题选A:Scientific facts.
第三段：从该段第一句可知，该段分析上述现象“蛋壳变薄”的起因。文中提到两个起因：使用杀虫剂以及酸雨。因此很容易误选C.事实上，本题中，C选项是一个迷惑性很强的干扰项，大家仔细阅读，会发现科学家认为英国农业使用DDT之前，该地区鸟类蛋壳变薄现象早已产生。因此Green通过分析，推断酸雨才是最可能的原因。因此该题选B:Analysis and inference
第四段：作者例举另一生活在土质酸化地区的鸟类tits（山雀）的蛋壳变薄的例子。德国一研究发现土质酸化地区的鸟类蛋壳比土质肥沃地区的薄2.7%。有同学从study 一词可能误选E: Further studies.我们可先读一下第五段：大意为：要断定土壤酸化程度与蛋壳厚度之间的关系以及酸雨是否真正影响鸟类生存与保护还需进一步的研究。由此可判断E“Further studies”作为第五段标题更为恰当,而第四段的事例正是证明第三段中的推断“Acid rain is the most likely cause of thinner shells”的“supporting evidences (依据) ”.故第四段标题为D“Supporting evidences”.
2．. 选定标题后，再把全文迅速看一遍，核对答案是否正确。
注： 本文内容初看较为散乱，而且生词较多，但只要弄清文章结构和段落之间的关系便可帮助我们确定段落主旨。另外，在遇到难以选定段落标题的情况时，可先跳过一段，先处理内容简单，容易概括主旨的段落，缩小标题选择范围，便于答题。
B篇 1—5 ACBFE
解题分析与训练2：文章大意与主题的概括
专项练习3： Exercise 1 D Exercise 2 A Exercise 3 D 4 A 5. C
解题分析与训练3
热身练习：1 C 2 B 3 D
专项练习4：1C 2 C 3 B 4 A 5D 6 AA 7 D 8 AD
解题分析与训练4
专项训练5：1 B 2 D 3 D 4 C 5 B 6 A 7 B
解题分析与训练5
例题1： B 例题2：CC
专项训练6： 1 C 2 A 3 B 4 D 5 B
解题分析与训练6
例题：A 专项训练7： 1 A 2 D 3 D 4 A
主旨题课外作业
练习一：划出主题句：
Passage 1
When you throw a ball up into the air as fast as you can, the ball reaches a point where it seems to pause for a moment, and then it comes down. When a bullet（子弹）is shot straight up, it will travel much faster and higher than a ball, but it, too, will come down. Whatever goes up must come down, we have always thought this to be true. An airplane may climb to a height of seventeen miles and then travel far and long. Yet it does not stay up forever. Finally, like everything else, the plane must come down.
Passage 2
Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.
练习二：主题匹配：BADCF
练习三：段落大意概括：AACB
练习四：1 A 2 B 3 A 4 C 5 D 6 C 7 A 8 D 9 CC 10 BC 11 A 12 BD 13 A
其他练习：依次为：BCBCB
具体解释
What is the topic of the text？
A．Young Thieves． B．An Unusual Illness． C．Reasons for Stealing． D．A Normal Child's Actions．
该题的答案，就是由文章第一句话而得，答案为B。
What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the paragraph？
A．The roller skates needed further improvement． B．The party guests took Merlin for a fool！
C．Merlin succeeded beyond expectation． D．Merlin got himself into trouble．
这段文字从Merlin入场的细节开始叙述，到最后一句做了总结：“大家很长一段时间都没有忘记Merlin不同凡响的入场。”可见Merlin取得了意想不到的成功。答案为C。
What would be the best title for the text？
A．The Joy of DIY． B．You Can Do It Too！
C．Welcome to Our DIY Course！ D．Ross and Hatfield：Believers in DIY．
读文章第一段和最后一段会发现答案是B。
The text is mainly about ____ ． A．Lexico B．three men C．a word game D．Alfred Butts
根据这一段落中间部分的叙述，我们能推断出答案是C。重复词最多的是game。
The best headline for this newspaper article is ____ ．
A．A Good Son B．A Special Soup C．How to Make Brains D．How to Live a Long Life
要解答此题，必须通读全文。读完全文，并结合各段大意，本文主旨凸现出来，答案应是B。