m1 Unit 4 Earthquakes全单元教案[上学期]
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| 名称 | m1 Unit 4 Earthquakes全单元教案[上学期] |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2006-10-22 03:15:00 | ||
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Unit 4 Earthquakes
I. 单元教学目标
Know basic knowledge of earthquakes.
Know how to protect oneself and help others in disasters.
Write some passages about earthquakes.
Write a newspaper outline.
Learn to use the Attributive Clause.
II 目标语言
1. Talking about past experiences
I will never forget the day when the earthquake took place. The time was 5:15 in the afternoon and I was driving along the road.
2. Sequence
I asked a man standing next to me what had happened. Before he could answer, hundreds of bricks fell on him and he was killed. I thought the end of the world had come! Then I met a man who knew the way to a boat, and we ran in its direction. I saw many frightened cows rush up Market Street and drop into a great crack ground.
III 词汇
1. 四会
shake,well,rise,smelly,pond,pipe,burst,canal,steam,ruin,injure,destroy,brick,dam,useless,steel,shock,quake,rescue,electricity,disaster,army,organize,bury,coal,mine,shelter,fresh,percent,speech,judge,honor,prepare,Europe.
2．认读
crack, survivor, miner
. 3. 词组
right away, at an end, dig out, give out, thousands of
IV. 语法
Ｔhe Attributive Clause (I )
V. 重点句子
1. Farmers’ wives noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them.
2. It seemed that the world was at an end!
3. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.
4. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
5. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
6. Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed.
7. Man himself had to make ruins of some of the city’s best buildings so that they would not be a danger to those in the streets.
8. A list of buildings not destroyed was now only a few addresses.
9. Amazing as it may seem, Wednesday night was a quiet night.
10. Never in all San Francisco’s history were her people so kind as on that terrible night.
VI. 分课时教案
The first period
Step I. Revision
Check the homework with the whole class.
Step II. Warming up
Ask the students to read the instructions and make sure they know what to do, and then have a discussion about the two pictures.
T: Today, before we begin our reading, I’d like to ask you a question, “What is the biggest sound you have heard in your life ”
S1: The sound of wind that blew in a winter night when I was very young. It sounded like a ghost who was howling. I was very frightened at that time.
S2: The biggest noise was the one that I heard when my neighbor was quarrelling with his wife. Perhaps, they broke their TV set.
T: That’s too terrible.
S3: The noise when planes take off.
S4: The sound of trains.
T: Good! I agree that all of them are big sound. But did you once heard the sound that the heaven falls and the earth cracks, in Chinese it is 天崩地裂
Ss: No, we have no chance to hear that.
T: If there is a sound like this, what is it
S5: When someone hears something unexpected and terrible. For example, when one of his loved families dies, he will feel this sound.
T: Terrific! You are using a literary way to express the sound.
S6: When an earthquake happens.
T: Great! I have waited for this answer for a long time. Today we’ll learn something about earthquakes. I think most of us have heard of earthquakes. Can you imagine how terrible it is
S7: The earth is shaking. All the buildings will fall down.
S8: Many people will die. And perhaps many children will lose their parents.
T: Yeah, earthquakes are disasters to everybody. Now look at the two pictures of Tangshan and San Francisco. Can you describe what you see in the pictures
S1: Tangshan is a beautiful city. It has beautiful gardens, broad roads and some tall buildings.
S2: From the picture of San Francisco, I can see that it is a very big city. There are many tall buildings thickly standing on the earth. I think the population of the city is very large.
T: Good! What will happen if there has been a big earthquake in these two cities Work in pairs and discuss it. Then I’ll ask so me of you to show your opinion.
Step III. Pre-reading
There are two questions in this part. Both are very interesting. The first one c
an more or less reveal the students’ values; while the second one can enlarge their imagination. No matter what their answers are, as long as they have given careful thoughts to the situations, their answers should be good.
T: Now, let’s look at the pictures. What are the predictions of an earthquake
S1: Before an earthquake animals will become nervous. Cows, pigs, horses and dogs will be upset. And people can see mice running about. If the earthquake happens during winter, people can even see snakes.
T: Terrific! Where did you get this knowledge
S1: From geography. I like it.
T: good. Sit down please.
S2: Madam, I don’t know the meaning of the picture with two women.
T: It doesn’t matter. You will know it soon after reading our text. OK. Imagine there is an earthquake now, and your home is shaking, at this moment you have no time to take any other things but one, what will it be
S3: I’ll take all my money. People can’t live without money.
S4: I will take as much water as possible. Because it is said that people can keep alive for nearly 7 days by drinking without any food
S5: In that case, I’d rather take some apples, so that besides drinking, I can also eat.
S6: I will carry my grandma. She is my most loved person in this world. She brought me up.
T: What a dutiful child you are! I’m very glad to hear that. Sit down please! It seems that all of you know what you should do during an earthquake. OK. Let’s read our text, and see what it tells us.
Step IV. Reading
In this part, teacher should ask the students to read the passage quickly for the first time to get the general idea of the passage. Ask them to pay attention to the first sentence of each paragraph. This can help them finish exercise3 in Comprehension. It is about the main idea of each paragraph. Then ask them to read the text again carefully to obtain some details. Before reading for the second time, show some questions on the screen, and let the students read the questions first. These questions can guide them to have a good understanding about the text. They can also make preparations for Exs1-2, which are about details.
Skimming
T: At first I’d like to read the text quickly to get the general idea of the article. While reading, you should pay attention to the sentence of each paragraph.
T: Have you got the general idea of the text
Ss: Yes.
T: What is it
S1: There is no quick answer to this question. Are you suggesting us that the general idea is the mixture of the first sentences of each paragraph
T: Sure.
S1:OK. That’s easy. The main idea of the passage is some signs of the earthquake, and what would happen during the quake.
T: Good, sit down please. In fact, while we are answering the questions, we have involved the sequence, the functional item for this unit. (Teacher writes the word on the blackboard ) Do you understand the meaning of the word
Ss: No.
T: Sequence means the order of the events. It can tell us which event happens first, and which happens later. Do you know the sequence that is used in our text
S3: Yes. At first, the text tells us something that happened before the quake, then it tells us the things that happened during the quake and at last it tells us the things that happened after the earthquake.
T: Quite right! Now please look at the screen, these are the first sentences of each paragraph. Read them and think if they are the main idea of the text. If necessary, you may make some changes to make more exact.
Teacher shows the screen and gives a little time to think it over.
1. Strange things were happening in the countryside in the northeast Hebei.
2. The disaster happened and caused a lot of loss.
3. All hope was not lost.
Careful reading
T: Now, it’s time for us to read the text carefully. But before reading, you should read some questions first. These questions may help you get some information quickly and easily. Now look at the screen, and read the questions.
Show on the screen
1. What natural signs of a coming disaster were there
2. Can you think of some reasons why these signs weren’t noticed
3. What events probably made the disaster worse
4. What situations probably made the disaster worse
5. How were the survivors held
Step V. Extension
Show the questions on the screen.
1. From whose point of view are events described How do you know
2. What is the mood of this passage How is it created
3. Why do you think the writer chooses to express his feelings about the quake rather than simply reporting what had happened
4. Why is the title A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP
5. What does the sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again.” mean
Answers:
1. He uses third-person to describe the quake. His description is very objective. For example, the second sentence in the third paragraph. The writer says: “Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.” The writer uses they instead of we.
2. The mood is serious and a bit sad. It is created by giving details of how many people and animals were killed or injured, and how many buildings were destroyed.
3. Although the writer was not there, he felt sad for the people of Tangshan. He knows that some personal feelings will make the reading more interesting.
4. I think the reason is that, as usual, night is the time to sleep, and night should be safe and quiet. But that night everything changed. The writer uses A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP as a title to show how terrible and how unusual the night was.
5. Here we can see that the writer compared the city to a person who suffered a lot in the disaster. He felt her pain, and he worried about her. So when he said that people came to help her, we can feel his feelings to the city. The city will not die, she has hope and she can recover from the pain.
Step VI Comprehending
Answers to Exx1-3
1. 1. C 2. E 3.B 4.D 5.A
2. 1. The walls of the villages wells had cracks in them.
2 .Roads got huge cracks
3. Brick buildings were destroyed.
4. The army helped the survivors.
5. Shelters were put up for those with no homes.
3. 1. Strange things were happening in the countryside in northeast Hebei..
2. The disaster happened and caused a lot of loss.
3. All hope was not lost.
Step VII Homework
The second period Reading
Step I Revision
Teacher check the students’ homework by showing the answers to exercises1-2 in the Learning about language.
Answers to Exercise 1.
1. pipe 2. dam 3. shocked 4.injured 5. well 6. canal 7. ruins 8. a great number of 9. at an end 10. bury 11. rise 12.rescue 13.steam
Answers to Exercise 2.
A great number of, dam, well, canals, steam, ruins injured, shocked, bury
T: OK. Before we begin today’s class, please guess the meaning of these sentences.
1. Small incidents foretell big events.
2 Blessings never come in pairs and misfortunes never come singly
3. Where there is life, there is hope.
S1: The first sentence means people should pay attention to the small things, because these things often cause unexpected events. Just like what we have learned in the text.
S2: The most important thing in the world is life. Without life, everything will lose its meaning.
S3: It means everything has its two sides. Although the disaster is terrible, and we cannot avoid it, it can force us to try our best to foretell it more exactly and reduce the loss caused by the disaster.
Step II. Reading, writing and speaking
A thank speech
The teacher’s main task is to tell students some problems that appeared in their writings.
Show the sample on the screen, and ask the students to read it, and find something that are useful.
Sample
Good morning, Ladies and Gentlemen. My name is Wang Wei. At first, I’d like to thank Mr. Zhang and the city of Tangshan for the honor of talking to you. I’d also like to thank each of you to come here today for this special occasion. Twenty-nine years ago, we experienced the terrible earthquake, which completely destroyed everything in the city. And twenty-nine years later, we get together in this beautiful park. This park makes me believe that we are indeed in the “Brave City of China”. Here I’d like to thank all of you, especially those who worked hard to save the survivors. During those days, you forgot the danger and devoted yourselves to digging out those who were trapped in ruins. Burying the dead, and building shelters and so on. I’m sure the people in Tangshan will never forget you! When I walk in the broad street, and see the new houses and offices, I can’t help expressing my thanks for those who rebuilt the city within 13 years. Also we can’t forget you. I believe our city become more beautiful in future. The spirit of its people has been and will always be strong forever! Thank you.
Two minutes later.
T: What do you think of the speech
S1: The speech is very fluent.
S2: The writer uses many Attributive Clauses. I don’t know how to use the structure.
T: It doesn’t matter. We’ll learn it next time. Now let’s go through exercise 4, it’s another writing task.
A little talk
A model speech has been given to the students. The students should complete the sentences after looking at the design of the new Tangshan stamps. The speeches may have many different contents. Let the students pay attention to this point: the audience is the same with the one In the last speech.
T: We can see there are four stamps showing new Tangshan. Can you describe each of them with a few words
S1: Housing conditions for the first stamp.
S2: Street scenery of new Tangshan for the second stamp.
S3: Industry for the third one.
S4: Ocean transport for the last one.
An outline
Show the questions on the screen.
1. Why is an outline important
2. What should an outline include
3. Why is a headline important
4. What are the steps to finish a newspaper story
5. What is the feature of a newspaper story
Answers:
1. Because an outline will prepare you to write a better story.
2. A good outline should have a headline, a list of main idea and a list of important details.
3. A headline can tell the reader what the topic is, so it can attract the readers’ attention since the reader may not have bought the newspaper before they read the headline.
4. First, organize the main ideas. Next, put some details into each paragraph.
5. A newspaper story gives the most important news first and the least important news last.
Teacher show more examples of some newspapers on the screen and ask the students to read them and try to find the outlines in the stories.
A short story
This integrated language activity enables students to use their imaginations and to write in a literary way. You may want to encourage students to use a literary device, such as simile, personification or metaphor.
T: Now, please turn to page 62, look at the TALKING part. Read it carefully, and then tell me what the feature of this talking is.
Give them two minutes to think about this question.
S1: This talking needs us to imagine.
S2: We should write it in a literary way.
T: Good! You’ve got the point of the talking. In this task, the most important thing you should do is to make full use of your imaginations and try to use a literary way. For example, you may use simile, personification or metaphor. Now, work in groups to write down your own short stories. Attention! The stories are about the cause of earthquakes. After you’ve finished, I’ll ask some of you to read out your work..
Group One
In the center of the earth lives an evil ghost. He usually sleeps for many years. During these years, people on the earth live a happy life. But when he wakes up, he shall howl. And then people feel an earthquake.
Group Two
Some people believe that there is a magic world in the center of our earth, where lives a kind of wiser living thing. They can make UFO. When the UFO comes out to visit our world, there is an earthquake.
Group There
There are too many people on the earth, and people are building too many buildings. Besides, they dig too many and too deep holes. The earth can’t stand. She shakes, and an earthquake happens.
Step III Homework
Write an outline for China Daily
The Third Period Listening
Step I Greeting and leading in
T: Now, we will listen to a non-fiction article common to science textbooks. This article is on geology. It provides many facts and describes cause and effect relationships.
Step II Listening (P62)
T: You will listen to the tape three times. First, listen and try to get some details that Exx1-2 request. Second, listen and finish the exercises. Third, listen and check your answers.
Answers to Exercise 1.
The true sentences are: 4,5,6 and 7.
Answers to Exercise 2
Show the answers on the screen
Cause of earthquakes Earth plates jump and produce shock waves.
Moving speed of the Pacific plate Moving at 5.3 cm a year
In 1906 the Pacific plate suddenly jumped 5-6 meters to the north.
The Pacific plate pushes on China from the east to the west.
The Indian plate pushed on China from the southwest to the northwest.
Ways of reducing losses from earthquake Not building where plates meet;buildingon rock;building strong houses.
Step III Listening (P66)
This listening material gives the students a chance to learn more knowledge about earthquake. The way and steps of listening are the same with the ones in Step II.
Step IV Speaking task
This part comes after the Listening. In content they have the same topic. It’s better to put them together. Also this exercise gives students practice in taking words and phrases from the reading passage and putting them into a short dialogue.
T: Just now we have a listening, in which we learnt what to do during an earthquake. Now you will work in pairs to choose eight things from the list below to put into your personal earthquake bag. Remember these may be the only things you have, so make sure that you only take essential things with you. They must make you last for five days
S1: Our earthquake bag will contain the following things:
1. bottle of water 2. fruit 3. torch light 4.blanket 5. mobile phone 6. identity card 7.scissors 8. bowl and chopsticks
Step V. Homework
Preview the USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS on page 63, and do Exx 1-2 on page 28 in Discovering useful structures.
The Fourth period Grammar
Step I Revision
Teacher shows the screen
Answers to Exercise 1
As usual, shake, cracked, pipes, holes fell, disaster, trapped, hit, quakes, escape, destroyed, a great number of
Answers to Exercise 2
1. She was too nervous to eat anything the evening before.
2. When the second quake was felt, people ran out of their houses right away.
3. After that terrible disaster, 60 percent of homeless children were sent to live in other safe cities.
4. They used candles all the time instead of electricity.
5. A little girl was dug out of the ruins to the north of the factory.
6. We were very proud of the soldiers who rescued the boys from the rushing water.
7. We need to honour those who organized the rescue work.
Step II Discovering useful structures
T: By now we have reviewed some useful words and sentences. Today’s another important task is to learn the Attributive Clause.
There are two kinds of this clause. One is the Restrictive Attributive Clause, which modifies the noun; the other is the Non-Restrictive Clause, which gives extra information, and is written with commas.
Teacher shows some sentences on the screen and asks students to translate them one by one.
1. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed as usual that night.
2. It was heard in Beijing, which is one hundred kilometers away.
3. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.
4. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
5. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
6. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
Teacher gives more knowledge about the clause to the students.
定语从句
1. 限制性定语从句
大多数定语从句对所修饰词的意思加以限制,表示 “……的人(或东西)”,称为限定性定语从句.如:
The man who robbed him has been arrested.
抢劫他的人已经被逮捕了．
The girl whom I saw told me to come back today.
我见到的那个姑娘叫我今天来.
That’s the best hotel (that) I know.
这是我所知道的最好的旅馆
These are the books (which ) you ordered.
这些是你订购的书
这类从句多由关系（a）或关系(b)引导
a. Everyone who (that) knew him liked him.
The friend with whom I was traveling spoke French.
The car which (that) I hired broke down.
b. At the time when I saw him, he was quiet strong.
That is the village where I was born.
These are the reasons why we do it.
在限定性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，在绝大多数情况下都可以省略，特别是口语中， 在被修饰的词为all, everything 等词时尤其如此．
Have you got the postcard (which) I sent you
These are the things (that) you need.
Anything I can do for you
All you have to do is to fill out this form.
That’s the only thing we can do now.
You can take any room you like.
2. 非限定性定语从句
对所修饰的词没有限定词义的作用，而是作一些补充说明，通常都有一个逗号把它和句子的其他部分分开，在译成中文时，这个从句多译成一个并列句．限定性定语从句去掉以后，句子意思常发生变化，甚至不能成立，而非限定性定语从句去掉以后对剩下部分没有太大的影响．如：
Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town.
This house, for which he paid $150,000, is now worth $300,000.
They went to the Royal Theatre, where they saw Ibsen’s Peer Gent.
Sunday is a holiday, when people do not go to work.
应注意的是，在这类从句中不能省略任何关系副词why和关系代词that，也不能省略任何关系副词，这类从句主要出现在书面语中．
在书面语中whose有时指某样东西．如：
His house, whose windows were all broken, was a depressing sight.
The car, whose handbrake wasn’t very reliable, began to slide backward.
It was an island, whose name I have forgotten..
Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks with who, whose, which and that.
1. The girl ( ) served in the shop were the owner’s daughters.
2. The man ( ) I saw told me to come back today.
3. The girl ( ) spoke is my best friend.
4. The man with ( ) I was traveling didn’t speak English.
5. The man ( ) I saw told me to wait.
6. The girl ( ) I spoke to was a student.
7. The man to ( ) I spoke was a foreigner.
8. The man from ( ) I bought it told me to read the instructions.
9. I know a boy ( ) father is an acrobat.
10. He saw a house ( ) windows were all broken.
11. All the apples ( ) fall are eaten by wild boars.
12. Can you think of anyone ( ) could look after him
13. This is the best hotel ( )I know.
14. He showed a machine ( ) parts are too small to be seen.
15. You can take any room ( ) you like.
Answers to Exercise 1
1. who 2. whom 3.who 4. whom 5. whom 6. whom 7. whom 8.whom 9.whose 11. that 12. that 13. that 14. whose 15. that
Exercise 2 Discovering useful structures (28)
Answers to Exercise2
1. who 2. that/which 3. which/that 4. whose 5.whose
Step III Using structures
This is advice on how to protect one’s home from an earthquake. The main purpose is to practice the Attributive Clause. This exercise is a kind of procreative activity for students, which can be done only after the students read and understand the passage. So perhaps it is difficult for some students.
T: Just now we had a translation exercise and filled some blanks. That’s the basic exercise for the Attributive Clause. Now I’ll give you 5 minutes to read A SAFE HOME , and finish the sentences below the article.
Five minutes later, the teacher check the answers.
Answers to Exercise 1
1. whose pipes are not tied to the wall
2. of the house that you want to buy
3. who move into a new house
4. which are not tied to the tables or stuck to them
5. who buy a house, which is built badly
6. whom building houses is their work
Step IV Homework
The Fifth Period
Step I. Revision
Show the exercise on the screen.
Fill in the blank with a correct word.
1. He made another wonderful discovery, _____ was more than we could expect.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is
2. ____ I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
____ Is that the reason _____ you had a few days off
A. why B. who C. what D. where
3. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
4. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _____ in the forest.
A. once they grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D. once grew
5. I don’t like _____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
6. The weather turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we expected.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
7. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows; most of _____ hadn’t been cleaned for ten years.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
Answers to the exercise
1. A 2. A 3. D. 4.C 5. A 6. B 7.D
Step II. Pre-reading
T: At the first period, we learned the earthquake happened in Tangshan. In that article the writer mainly described what happened during the quake. And the descriptions are objective. Now, we will read a story written by America’s most popular writer, Jack London. In the article he expressed his own feeling about the San Francisco quake. His account of the disaster is both factual and literary. You may feel it when you are reading the article. At first I’d like to show you some background of this article. Please look at the screen and read the passage.
As luck would have it, at the time of the quake, America’s most famous writer, Jack London just happened to be living near San Francisco. His account of the disaster is both factual and literary, that is he tried to write not only for readers of that time but readers yet to come. London, like most great writers and former journalists, knew a good story when he saw it. He and his wife rode on horseback at a fast gallop from their ranch to the hills overlooking the “ city by the bay.” What they saw both horrified and fascinated them.
Step III. Reading
T: Now that we have known the background of the article, and something about the writer. Let’s read the article carefully, with these questions on the screen. Then you can have a discussion. After that we’ll check them together.
Show the questions on the screen
1. Who is the man in the picture
2. What can we see from the word never in the sentence “Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed”
3. How many negative words are used in the first paragraph, and what can we know from these words
4. What’s the feature of the sentences in the first paragraph
5. What’s the main idea of the second paragraph
6. What can we learn from the first sentence and the last sentence
Answers:
1. Maybe he is the writer, Jack London.
2. From the word never, we can feel that the writer was very sad.
3. There are six words. They are never, nothing, gone, no, useless and burst.
4. All the sentences in this paragraph are short ones.
5. Out at sea it was calm.
6. The two sentences give us a contrast. Although the city was destroyed, the people were not nervous or upset. They just did what they should do.
Step IV Answering questions
Answers to Exercise 1
1. shocked
London is both greatly surprised and frightened by what he sees, so “shocked” is a good word to describe his feelings.
2. sad
London knows that many families lost their loved ones and all their possessions.
Answers to Exercise 2
1. B
Because he is an eyewitness. He is also writing a personal report, not a history lesson.
2. The people hurt by the quake and the things it destroyed
3. C
4. B
Step V Listening
Answers to Exercise 1
True: 3,4 False: 1,2,5,6
Answers to Exercise 2
1. After the earthquake had happened. The last sentence gives information about the next day after the
2. Yes, the man is calm because he is writing about something a long time after it happened.
3. The falling buildings were his biggest danger and he didn’t know when one might fall on him. He could at least see the fires and cows coming towards him.
4. He was going to the bay to get on a boat.
5. Answers will vary but should demonstrate an understanding of the listening text.
Step VI Homework
The Sixth period Summary
Step I Revision
What have you learned in { the listening materials
{ the reading materials
{ the writing
Step II Summing up
T: What did you learn in the listening materials
S1: We learned some listening steps: before listening, we should know what we’ll listen by reading the exercises first. And while listening, we should try to get the key words and details that appear in the exercises.
S2: We learned the ways to talk about past experiences and also the problem of sequence, which appears in the Listening part on page 30.
T: What did you learn in the reading materials
S3: We learned some basic knowledge of earthquake and how people have coped with these sudden natural disasters.
S4: We learned the ways to describe an event in a literary way. For example, “ Never before in history has a city been completely destroyed. San Francisco is gone. Nothing is left it .” and so on.
T: What did you learn in the writing
S5: We learned how to write a speech.
S6: We learned how to write a story in a literary way, and an outline.
Step III. Writing
Give the students 5 minutes to write a poster.
Possible Sample
Poster
Earthquakes are terrible natural disasters. Although we cannot avoid it, we can survive by making preparations. Here are the essential things you should always take during an earthquake.
You should take a bottle of water. It can keep you alive for a long time, if you are trapped under the ruins. Take some fruit, in case you are hungry.
And also take a torch light and a mobile. These can help you keep in touch with the outside world, and it is easy for rescue workers to find you quickly.
Don’t put fresh fruit in the bag as they will go bad quickly and cause problems. Don’t take money, especially don’t go back to take money when the house is shaking. You may be caught in the ruins.
Step IV Project
This project begins by asking students to review what they have learned about earthquakes and how people have coped with these sudden natural disasters. It then asks them to apply that knowledge by making a checklist of things that should be done before, during and after a quake hits. The functional item of the unit is reviewed as students are discussing and deciding the order of their checklists. It is not necessary or likely that students will number their checklists the same. What matters is whether the sequence is logical or not. Finally, the students must choose one action from the checklist to discuss in more detail.
Answers to the PROJECT
1. How to plan for future disaster;
2. How to make new buildings after;
3. How to teach children about earthquake safety;
4. How to rescue those who still trapped in the ruins;
5. How to take care of the survivors
6. How to recognize shelters for survivors;
7. Where to put information for survivors and their families;
8. What to do with the ruins;
9. What to do with the buildings that survived the quake;
10. How to repair buildings that survived the quake;
11. Where to get money to build again;
12. Where to find people to help rebuild;
13. How to honor those killed in the quake;
14. How to honor the rescue workers.
Step V Homework
PAGE
20
I. 单元教学目标
Know basic knowledge of earthquakes.
Know how to protect oneself and help others in disasters.
Write some passages about earthquakes.
Write a newspaper outline.
Learn to use the Attributive Clause.
II 目标语言
1. Talking about past experiences
I will never forget the day when the earthquake took place. The time was 5:15 in the afternoon and I was driving along the road.
2. Sequence
I asked a man standing next to me what had happened. Before he could answer, hundreds of bricks fell on him and he was killed. I thought the end of the world had come! Then I met a man who knew the way to a boat, and we ran in its direction. I saw many frightened cows rush up Market Street and drop into a great crack ground.
III 词汇
1. 四会
shake,well,rise,smelly,pond,pipe,burst,canal,steam,ruin,injure,destroy,brick,dam,useless,steel,shock,quake,rescue,electricity,disaster,army,organize,bury,coal,mine,shelter,fresh,percent,speech,judge,honor,prepare,Europe.
2．认读
crack, survivor, miner
. 3. 词组
right away, at an end, dig out, give out, thousands of
IV. 语法
Ｔhe Attributive Clause (I )
V. 重点句子
1. Farmers’ wives noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them.
2. It seemed that the world was at an end!
3. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.
4. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
5. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
6. Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed.
7. Man himself had to make ruins of some of the city’s best buildings so that they would not be a danger to those in the streets.
8. A list of buildings not destroyed was now only a few addresses.
9. Amazing as it may seem, Wednesday night was a quiet night.
10. Never in all San Francisco’s history were her people so kind as on that terrible night.
VI. 分课时教案
The first period
Step I. Revision
Check the homework with the whole class.
Step II. Warming up
Ask the students to read the instructions and make sure they know what to do, and then have a discussion about the two pictures.
T: Today, before we begin our reading, I’d like to ask you a question, “What is the biggest sound you have heard in your life ”
S1: The sound of wind that blew in a winter night when I was very young. It sounded like a ghost who was howling. I was very frightened at that time.
S2: The biggest noise was the one that I heard when my neighbor was quarrelling with his wife. Perhaps, they broke their TV set.
T: That’s too terrible.
S3: The noise when planes take off.
S4: The sound of trains.
T: Good! I agree that all of them are big sound. But did you once heard the sound that the heaven falls and the earth cracks, in Chinese it is 天崩地裂
Ss: No, we have no chance to hear that.
T: If there is a sound like this, what is it
S5: When someone hears something unexpected and terrible. For example, when one of his loved families dies, he will feel this sound.
T: Terrific! You are using a literary way to express the sound.
S6: When an earthquake happens.
T: Great! I have waited for this answer for a long time. Today we’ll learn something about earthquakes. I think most of us have heard of earthquakes. Can you imagine how terrible it is
S7: The earth is shaking. All the buildings will fall down.
S8: Many people will die. And perhaps many children will lose their parents.
T: Yeah, earthquakes are disasters to everybody. Now look at the two pictures of Tangshan and San Francisco. Can you describe what you see in the pictures
S1: Tangshan is a beautiful city. It has beautiful gardens, broad roads and some tall buildings.
S2: From the picture of San Francisco, I can see that it is a very big city. There are many tall buildings thickly standing on the earth. I think the population of the city is very large.
T: Good! What will happen if there has been a big earthquake in these two cities Work in pairs and discuss it. Then I’ll ask so me of you to show your opinion.
Step III. Pre-reading
There are two questions in this part. Both are very interesting. The first one c
an more or less reveal the students’ values; while the second one can enlarge their imagination. No matter what their answers are, as long as they have given careful thoughts to the situations, their answers should be good.
T: Now, let’s look at the pictures. What are the predictions of an earthquake
S1: Before an earthquake animals will become nervous. Cows, pigs, horses and dogs will be upset. And people can see mice running about. If the earthquake happens during winter, people can even see snakes.
T: Terrific! Where did you get this knowledge
S1: From geography. I like it.
T: good. Sit down please.
S2: Madam, I don’t know the meaning of the picture with two women.
T: It doesn’t matter. You will know it soon after reading our text. OK. Imagine there is an earthquake now, and your home is shaking, at this moment you have no time to take any other things but one, what will it be
S3: I’ll take all my money. People can’t live without money.
S4: I will take as much water as possible. Because it is said that people can keep alive for nearly 7 days by drinking without any food
S5: In that case, I’d rather take some apples, so that besides drinking, I can also eat.
S6: I will carry my grandma. She is my most loved person in this world. She brought me up.
T: What a dutiful child you are! I’m very glad to hear that. Sit down please! It seems that all of you know what you should do during an earthquake. OK. Let’s read our text, and see what it tells us.
Step IV. Reading
In this part, teacher should ask the students to read the passage quickly for the first time to get the general idea of the passage. Ask them to pay attention to the first sentence of each paragraph. This can help them finish exercise3 in Comprehension. It is about the main idea of each paragraph. Then ask them to read the text again carefully to obtain some details. Before reading for the second time, show some questions on the screen, and let the students read the questions first. These questions can guide them to have a good understanding about the text. They can also make preparations for Exs1-2, which are about details.
Skimming
T: At first I’d like to read the text quickly to get the general idea of the article. While reading, you should pay attention to the sentence of each paragraph.
T: Have you got the general idea of the text
Ss: Yes.
T: What is it
S1: There is no quick answer to this question. Are you suggesting us that the general idea is the mixture of the first sentences of each paragraph
T: Sure.
S1:OK. That’s easy. The main idea of the passage is some signs of the earthquake, and what would happen during the quake.
T: Good, sit down please. In fact, while we are answering the questions, we have involved the sequence, the functional item for this unit. (Teacher writes the word on the blackboard ) Do you understand the meaning of the word
Ss: No.
T: Sequence means the order of the events. It can tell us which event happens first, and which happens later. Do you know the sequence that is used in our text
S3: Yes. At first, the text tells us something that happened before the quake, then it tells us the things that happened during the quake and at last it tells us the things that happened after the earthquake.
T: Quite right! Now please look at the screen, these are the first sentences of each paragraph. Read them and think if they are the main idea of the text. If necessary, you may make some changes to make more exact.
Teacher shows the screen and gives a little time to think it over.
1. Strange things were happening in the countryside in the northeast Hebei.
2. The disaster happened and caused a lot of loss.
3. All hope was not lost.
Careful reading
T: Now, it’s time for us to read the text carefully. But before reading, you should read some questions first. These questions may help you get some information quickly and easily. Now look at the screen, and read the questions.
Show on the screen
1. What natural signs of a coming disaster were there
2. Can you think of some reasons why these signs weren’t noticed
3. What events probably made the disaster worse
4. What situations probably made the disaster worse
5. How were the survivors held
Step V. Extension
Show the questions on the screen.
1. From whose point of view are events described How do you know
2. What is the mood of this passage How is it created
3. Why do you think the writer chooses to express his feelings about the quake rather than simply reporting what had happened
4. Why is the title A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP
5. What does the sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again.” mean
Answers:
1. He uses third-person to describe the quake. His description is very objective. For example, the second sentence in the third paragraph. The writer says: “Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.” The writer uses they instead of we.
2. The mood is serious and a bit sad. It is created by giving details of how many people and animals were killed or injured, and how many buildings were destroyed.
3. Although the writer was not there, he felt sad for the people of Tangshan. He knows that some personal feelings will make the reading more interesting.
4. I think the reason is that, as usual, night is the time to sleep, and night should be safe and quiet. But that night everything changed. The writer uses A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP as a title to show how terrible and how unusual the night was.
5. Here we can see that the writer compared the city to a person who suffered a lot in the disaster. He felt her pain, and he worried about her. So when he said that people came to help her, we can feel his feelings to the city. The city will not die, she has hope and she can recover from the pain.
Step VI Comprehending
Answers to Exx1-3
1. 1. C 2. E 3.B 4.D 5.A
2. 1. The walls of the villages wells had cracks in them.
2 .Roads got huge cracks
3. Brick buildings were destroyed.
4. The army helped the survivors.
5. Shelters were put up for those with no homes.
3. 1. Strange things were happening in the countryside in northeast Hebei..
2. The disaster happened and caused a lot of loss.
3. All hope was not lost.
Step VII Homework
The second period Reading
Step I Revision
Teacher check the students’ homework by showing the answers to exercises1-2 in the Learning about language.
Answers to Exercise 1.
1. pipe 2. dam 3. shocked 4.injured 5. well 6. canal 7. ruins 8. a great number of 9. at an end 10. bury 11. rise 12.rescue 13.steam
Answers to Exercise 2.
A great number of, dam, well, canals, steam, ruins injured, shocked, bury
T: OK. Before we begin today’s class, please guess the meaning of these sentences.
1. Small incidents foretell big events.
2 Blessings never come in pairs and misfortunes never come singly
3. Where there is life, there is hope.
S1: The first sentence means people should pay attention to the small things, because these things often cause unexpected events. Just like what we have learned in the text.
S2: The most important thing in the world is life. Without life, everything will lose its meaning.
S3: It means everything has its two sides. Although the disaster is terrible, and we cannot avoid it, it can force us to try our best to foretell it more exactly and reduce the loss caused by the disaster.
Step II. Reading, writing and speaking
A thank speech
The teacher’s main task is to tell students some problems that appeared in their writings.
Show the sample on the screen, and ask the students to read it, and find something that are useful.
Sample
Good morning, Ladies and Gentlemen. My name is Wang Wei. At first, I’d like to thank Mr. Zhang and the city of Tangshan for the honor of talking to you. I’d also like to thank each of you to come here today for this special occasion. Twenty-nine years ago, we experienced the terrible earthquake, which completely destroyed everything in the city. And twenty-nine years later, we get together in this beautiful park. This park makes me believe that we are indeed in the “Brave City of China”. Here I’d like to thank all of you, especially those who worked hard to save the survivors. During those days, you forgot the danger and devoted yourselves to digging out those who were trapped in ruins. Burying the dead, and building shelters and so on. I’m sure the people in Tangshan will never forget you! When I walk in the broad street, and see the new houses and offices, I can’t help expressing my thanks for those who rebuilt the city within 13 years. Also we can’t forget you. I believe our city become more beautiful in future. The spirit of its people has been and will always be strong forever! Thank you.
Two minutes later.
T: What do you think of the speech
S1: The speech is very fluent.
S2: The writer uses many Attributive Clauses. I don’t know how to use the structure.
T: It doesn’t matter. We’ll learn it next time. Now let’s go through exercise 4, it’s another writing task.
A little talk
A model speech has been given to the students. The students should complete the sentences after looking at the design of the new Tangshan stamps. The speeches may have many different contents. Let the students pay attention to this point: the audience is the same with the one In the last speech.
T: We can see there are four stamps showing new Tangshan. Can you describe each of them with a few words
S1: Housing conditions for the first stamp.
S2: Street scenery of new Tangshan for the second stamp.
S3: Industry for the third one.
S4: Ocean transport for the last one.
An outline
Show the questions on the screen.
1. Why is an outline important
2. What should an outline include
3. Why is a headline important
4. What are the steps to finish a newspaper story
5. What is the feature of a newspaper story
Answers:
1. Because an outline will prepare you to write a better story.
2. A good outline should have a headline, a list of main idea and a list of important details.
3. A headline can tell the reader what the topic is, so it can attract the readers’ attention since the reader may not have bought the newspaper before they read the headline.
4. First, organize the main ideas. Next, put some details into each paragraph.
5. A newspaper story gives the most important news first and the least important news last.
Teacher show more examples of some newspapers on the screen and ask the students to read them and try to find the outlines in the stories.
A short story
This integrated language activity enables students to use their imaginations and to write in a literary way. You may want to encourage students to use a literary device, such as simile, personification or metaphor.
T: Now, please turn to page 62, look at the TALKING part. Read it carefully, and then tell me what the feature of this talking is.
Give them two minutes to think about this question.
S1: This talking needs us to imagine.
S2: We should write it in a literary way.
T: Good! You’ve got the point of the talking. In this task, the most important thing you should do is to make full use of your imaginations and try to use a literary way. For example, you may use simile, personification or metaphor. Now, work in groups to write down your own short stories. Attention! The stories are about the cause of earthquakes. After you’ve finished, I’ll ask some of you to read out your work..
Group One
In the center of the earth lives an evil ghost. He usually sleeps for many years. During these years, people on the earth live a happy life. But when he wakes up, he shall howl. And then people feel an earthquake.
Group Two
Some people believe that there is a magic world in the center of our earth, where lives a kind of wiser living thing. They can make UFO. When the UFO comes out to visit our world, there is an earthquake.
Group There
There are too many people on the earth, and people are building too many buildings. Besides, they dig too many and too deep holes. The earth can’t stand. She shakes, and an earthquake happens.
Step III Homework
Write an outline for China Daily
The Third Period Listening
Step I Greeting and leading in
T: Now, we will listen to a non-fiction article common to science textbooks. This article is on geology. It provides many facts and describes cause and effect relationships.
Step II Listening (P62)
T: You will listen to the tape three times. First, listen and try to get some details that Exx1-2 request. Second, listen and finish the exercises. Third, listen and check your answers.
Answers to Exercise 1.
The true sentences are: 4,5,6 and 7.
Answers to Exercise 2
Show the answers on the screen
Cause of earthquakes Earth plates jump and produce shock waves.
Moving speed of the Pacific plate Moving at 5.3 cm a year
In 1906 the Pacific plate suddenly jumped 5-6 meters to the north.
The Pacific plate pushes on China from the east to the west.
The Indian plate pushed on China from the southwest to the northwest.
Ways of reducing losses from earthquake Not building where plates meet;buildingon rock;building strong houses.
Step III Listening (P66)
This listening material gives the students a chance to learn more knowledge about earthquake. The way and steps of listening are the same with the ones in Step II.
Step IV Speaking task
This part comes after the Listening. In content they have the same topic. It’s better to put them together. Also this exercise gives students practice in taking words and phrases from the reading passage and putting them into a short dialogue.
T: Just now we have a listening, in which we learnt what to do during an earthquake. Now you will work in pairs to choose eight things from the list below to put into your personal earthquake bag. Remember these may be the only things you have, so make sure that you only take essential things with you. They must make you last for five days
S1: Our earthquake bag will contain the following things:
1. bottle of water 2. fruit 3. torch light 4.blanket 5. mobile phone 6. identity card 7.scissors 8. bowl and chopsticks
Step V. Homework
Preview the USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS on page 63, and do Exx 1-2 on page 28 in Discovering useful structures.
The Fourth period Grammar
Step I Revision
Teacher shows the screen
Answers to Exercise 1
As usual, shake, cracked, pipes, holes fell, disaster, trapped, hit, quakes, escape, destroyed, a great number of
Answers to Exercise 2
1. She was too nervous to eat anything the evening before.
2. When the second quake was felt, people ran out of their houses right away.
3. After that terrible disaster, 60 percent of homeless children were sent to live in other safe cities.
4. They used candles all the time instead of electricity.
5. A little girl was dug out of the ruins to the north of the factory.
6. We were very proud of the soldiers who rescued the boys from the rushing water.
7. We need to honour those who organized the rescue work.
Step II Discovering useful structures
T: By now we have reviewed some useful words and sentences. Today’s another important task is to learn the Attributive Clause.
There are two kinds of this clause. One is the Restrictive Attributive Clause, which modifies the noun; the other is the Non-Restrictive Clause, which gives extra information, and is written with commas.
Teacher shows some sentences on the screen and asks students to translate them one by one.
1. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed as usual that night.
2. It was heard in Beijing, which is one hundred kilometers away.
3. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.
4. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
5. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
6. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
Teacher gives more knowledge about the clause to the students.
定语从句
1. 限制性定语从句
大多数定语从句对所修饰词的意思加以限制,表示 “……的人(或东西)”,称为限定性定语从句.如:
The man who robbed him has been arrested.
抢劫他的人已经被逮捕了．
The girl whom I saw told me to come back today.
我见到的那个姑娘叫我今天来.
That’s the best hotel (that) I know.
这是我所知道的最好的旅馆
These are the books (which ) you ordered.
这些是你订购的书
这类从句多由关系（a）或关系(b)引导
a. Everyone who (that) knew him liked him.
The friend with whom I was traveling spoke French.
The car which (that) I hired broke down.
b. At the time when I saw him, he was quiet strong.
That is the village where I was born.
These are the reasons why we do it.
在限定性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，在绝大多数情况下都可以省略，特别是口语中， 在被修饰的词为all, everything 等词时尤其如此．
Have you got the postcard (which) I sent you
These are the things (that) you need.
Anything I can do for you
All you have to do is to fill out this form.
That’s the only thing we can do now.
You can take any room you like.
2. 非限定性定语从句
对所修饰的词没有限定词义的作用，而是作一些补充说明，通常都有一个逗号把它和句子的其他部分分开，在译成中文时，这个从句多译成一个并列句．限定性定语从句去掉以后，句子意思常发生变化，甚至不能成立，而非限定性定语从句去掉以后对剩下部分没有太大的影响．如：
Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town.
This house, for which he paid $150,000, is now worth $300,000.
They went to the Royal Theatre, where they saw Ibsen’s Peer Gent.
Sunday is a holiday, when people do not go to work.
应注意的是，在这类从句中不能省略任何关系副词why和关系代词that，也不能省略任何关系副词，这类从句主要出现在书面语中．
在书面语中whose有时指某样东西．如：
His house, whose windows were all broken, was a depressing sight.
The car, whose handbrake wasn’t very reliable, began to slide backward.
It was an island, whose name I have forgotten..
Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks with who, whose, which and that.
1. The girl ( ) served in the shop were the owner’s daughters.
2. The man ( ) I saw told me to come back today.
3. The girl ( ) spoke is my best friend.
4. The man with ( ) I was traveling didn’t speak English.
5. The man ( ) I saw told me to wait.
6. The girl ( ) I spoke to was a student.
7. The man to ( ) I spoke was a foreigner.
8. The man from ( ) I bought it told me to read the instructions.
9. I know a boy ( ) father is an acrobat.
10. He saw a house ( ) windows were all broken.
11. All the apples ( ) fall are eaten by wild boars.
12. Can you think of anyone ( ) could look after him
13. This is the best hotel ( )I know.
14. He showed a machine ( ) parts are too small to be seen.
15. You can take any room ( ) you like.
Answers to Exercise 1
1. who 2. whom 3.who 4. whom 5. whom 6. whom 7. whom 8.whom 9.whose 11. that 12. that 13. that 14. whose 15. that
Exercise 2 Discovering useful structures (28)
Answers to Exercise2
1. who 2. that/which 3. which/that 4. whose 5.whose
Step III Using structures
This is advice on how to protect one’s home from an earthquake. The main purpose is to practice the Attributive Clause. This exercise is a kind of procreative activity for students, which can be done only after the students read and understand the passage. So perhaps it is difficult for some students.
T: Just now we had a translation exercise and filled some blanks. That’s the basic exercise for the Attributive Clause. Now I’ll give you 5 minutes to read A SAFE HOME , and finish the sentences below the article.
Five minutes later, the teacher check the answers.
Answers to Exercise 1
1. whose pipes are not tied to the wall
2. of the house that you want to buy
3. who move into a new house
4. which are not tied to the tables or stuck to them
5. who buy a house, which is built badly
6. whom building houses is their work
Step IV Homework
The Fifth Period
Step I. Revision
Show the exercise on the screen.
Fill in the blank with a correct word.
1. He made another wonderful discovery, _____ was more than we could expect.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is
2. ____ I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
____ Is that the reason _____ you had a few days off
A. why B. who C. what D. where
3. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
4. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _____ in the forest.
A. once they grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D. once grew
5. I don’t like _____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
6. The weather turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we expected.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
7. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows; most of _____ hadn’t been cleaned for ten years.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
Answers to the exercise
1. A 2. A 3. D. 4.C 5. A 6. B 7.D
Step II. Pre-reading
T: At the first period, we learned the earthquake happened in Tangshan. In that article the writer mainly described what happened during the quake. And the descriptions are objective. Now, we will read a story written by America’s most popular writer, Jack London. In the article he expressed his own feeling about the San Francisco quake. His account of the disaster is both factual and literary. You may feel it when you are reading the article. At first I’d like to show you some background of this article. Please look at the screen and read the passage.
As luck would have it, at the time of the quake, America’s most famous writer, Jack London just happened to be living near San Francisco. His account of the disaster is both factual and literary, that is he tried to write not only for readers of that time but readers yet to come. London, like most great writers and former journalists, knew a good story when he saw it. He and his wife rode on horseback at a fast gallop from their ranch to the hills overlooking the “ city by the bay.” What they saw both horrified and fascinated them.
Step III. Reading
T: Now that we have known the background of the article, and something about the writer. Let’s read the article carefully, with these questions on the screen. Then you can have a discussion. After that we’ll check them together.
Show the questions on the screen
1. Who is the man in the picture
2. What can we see from the word never in the sentence “Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed”
3. How many negative words are used in the first paragraph, and what can we know from these words
4. What’s the feature of the sentences in the first paragraph
5. What’s the main idea of the second paragraph
6. What can we learn from the first sentence and the last sentence
Answers:
1. Maybe he is the writer, Jack London.
2. From the word never, we can feel that the writer was very sad.
3. There are six words. They are never, nothing, gone, no, useless and burst.
4. All the sentences in this paragraph are short ones.
5. Out at sea it was calm.
6. The two sentences give us a contrast. Although the city was destroyed, the people were not nervous or upset. They just did what they should do.
Step IV Answering questions
Answers to Exercise 1
1. shocked
London is both greatly surprised and frightened by what he sees, so “shocked” is a good word to describe his feelings.
2. sad
London knows that many families lost their loved ones and all their possessions.
Answers to Exercise 2
1. B
Because he is an eyewitness. He is also writing a personal report, not a history lesson.
2. The people hurt by the quake and the things it destroyed
3. C
4. B
Step V Listening
Answers to Exercise 1
True: 3,4 False: 1,2,5,6
Answers to Exercise 2
1. After the earthquake had happened. The last sentence gives information about the next day after the
2. Yes, the man is calm because he is writing about something a long time after it happened.
3. The falling buildings were his biggest danger and he didn’t know when one might fall on him. He could at least see the fires and cows coming towards him.
4. He was going to the bay to get on a boat.
5. Answers will vary but should demonstrate an understanding of the listening text.
Step VI Homework
The Sixth period Summary
Step I Revision
What have you learned in { the listening materials
{ the reading materials
{ the writing
Step II Summing up
T: What did you learn in the listening materials
S1: We learned some listening steps: before listening, we should know what we’ll listen by reading the exercises first. And while listening, we should try to get the key words and details that appear in the exercises.
S2: We learned the ways to talk about past experiences and also the problem of sequence, which appears in the Listening part on page 30.
T: What did you learn in the reading materials
S3: We learned some basic knowledge of earthquake and how people have coped with these sudden natural disasters.
S4: We learned the ways to describe an event in a literary way. For example, “ Never before in history has a city been completely destroyed. San Francisco is gone. Nothing is left it .” and so on.
T: What did you learn in the writing
S5: We learned how to write a speech.
S6: We learned how to write a story in a literary way, and an outline.
Step III. Writing
Give the students 5 minutes to write a poster.
Possible Sample
Poster
Earthquakes are terrible natural disasters. Although we cannot avoid it, we can survive by making preparations. Here are the essential things you should always take during an earthquake.
You should take a bottle of water. It can keep you alive for a long time, if you are trapped under the ruins. Take some fruit, in case you are hungry.
And also take a torch light and a mobile. These can help you keep in touch with the outside world, and it is easy for rescue workers to find you quickly.
Don’t put fresh fruit in the bag as they will go bad quickly and cause problems. Don’t take money, especially don’t go back to take money when the house is shaking. You may be caught in the ruins.
Step IV Project
This project begins by asking students to review what they have learned about earthquakes and how people have coped with these sudden natural disasters. It then asks them to apply that knowledge by making a checklist of things that should be done before, during and after a quake hits. The functional item of the unit is reviewed as students are discussing and deciding the order of their checklists. It is not necessary or likely that students will number their checklists the same. What matters is whether the sequence is logical or not. Finally, the students must choose one action from the checklist to discuss in more detail.
Answers to the PROJECT
1. How to plan for future disaster;
2. How to make new buildings after;
3. How to teach children about earthquake safety;
4. How to rescue those who still trapped in the ruins;
5. How to take care of the survivors
6. How to recognize shelters for survivors;
7. Where to put information for survivors and their families;
8. What to do with the ruins;
9. What to do with the buildings that survived the quake;
10. How to repair buildings that survived the quake;
11. Where to get money to build again;
12. Where to find people to help rebuild;
13. How to honor those killed in the quake;
14. How to honor the rescue workers.
Step V Homework
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