unit5language points[上学期]
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| 名称 | unit5language points[上学期] |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2006-10-24 01:36:00 | ||
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课件30张PPT。Language Points Unit 5１．The idea that English stands for Fish & Chips, the Speakers Corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.
用炸鱼土豆条，讲演角，大本钟楼和伦敦塔象征英国的时代已经过去了。 句中that引导的从句是同位语从句，它一般跟在某些
名词如belief, fact, hope, idea, news, problem…的后面，
用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导同位语从句的连词在
从句中不充当句子成分.引导同位语从句的词最常见
的是连词that, 此外还有连接副词how, when,
where, why等。
Para 1eg: 1 The possibility that people would have to share rooms was not mentioned.
I have no idea when Jack will be back.
3 He can’t answer the question how he got the money. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
I made a promise that if anyone set me free, I would make him rich.
Mother made a promise that excited her son.stand for代表
(1).The letters “USA ”stand for the United states of America．
“USA”这几个字母代表美利坚合众国。
(2).Do you know what UFO stands for? 你知道UFO代表什么吗?
含stand的词组还有：
How do you stand by and see such wrong doing?
你对这样的错误行为怎能袖手旁观呢?
He will stand by you whatever happens.
不管发生了什么他都支持你。
He stood with us in that debate．
在那场辩论中他站在我们一边.
[考题2]There _____all old temple on the hill．can you see it?
A．1ies B．1ying C．stands D．standing
[解析] 根据语法规则分析可知，本题缺少谓语动词：主语为an old temple，表语为there，所以这是个there be句型，因为B、D两项不可作谓语，所以被排除。stand与lie的区别如下：动词stand可用来表示高形物体位于何处,如:建筑,树,人等.而动词lie用来表示非高形物体位于和处,如地区,国家,河流,田野,铁路等.如:
The house stands on the hiⅡ．这房子坐落在那小山上。
West of the town 1ies a railway．城西有一条铁路。
[答案] C
表示“构成”的三个词组
consist of 构成；由……组成
make up 构成；组成
be made up of 由……构成
Light consists of waves．光由波构成。
A car is made up of many different parts．
一辆小轿车由很多不同的部分组成。
Eleven players make up a football team．
一支足球队由11名队员组成。
The world is seven continents and four oceans．
A．made up of B．made out of
C．made from D．made in (全国高考题) [解析]be made from表示“由……制成”，be made in表示“在……生产”，均不合题意。[答案] A
make(+the)+n+of词组小结
make the most of充分利用/展现
make the best of 好好去做，往好里做
make the worst of在困难情况下?不煤煤酶?
make use of 利用
He wanted to make the most of his chance to learn．
他想充分利用他的机会来学习。
One must learn to make the best of a bad job．
一个人必须要学会把一个坏工作好好地干好。
Do you want to make use of my bicycle?
你想用我的自行车吗 Such good use has been his spare time his English has improved a 1ot．
A．made of：that B．made of；as
C．made in；that D．found in；as
[解析]分析句子结构在解答本题时占极其重要的作用。句中含词组make good use of及句型such that。use被提到句首，后面的组成部分不能少了make与of；另外such good use 也放在句首，表示强调。本句是一个结果状语从句，所以不用引导定语从句的such…as [答案] A
2. do sth. as it is按照事物的原样做某事Tell her the news as it is.A witness must state the facts as they are.
Para 2 1. The British isles are a group of islands that lies off the west coast of Europe. The island just west of Britain is called Ireland.= The island just (which is to) west of Britain
is called Ireland.lie in /on /to/ off 位于……1 Guangdong lies _______ the south of Hubei.
Guangdong lies _________the south of Hunan.
England lies ________ the southeast of Britain.
Japan lies ______the east of China.
Taiwan island lies ______ the east coast of Fujian province.
Nanjing lies ______the Yangtze River.toon/tointoOffon2. The largest island is called Britain, which is separated from France by the English Channel, which at one point is only 20 miles wide.最大的岛叫不列颠岛， 被英吉利海峡与法国隔开，海峡最窄处只有20 英里宽。辨析:separate from & divide into
Separate from强调把相邻或相近的不同物品分开; divide into指把整体分成不同部分。
例句①The Taiwan Straight separates Taiwan from the mainland.
台湾海峡把台湾岛和大陆分开。
②He divided the apple into two halves.
他将苹果分成两半。
separate & divideseparate:分离,把原来连在一起或靠近的部分分开; adj. 单独的,分离的她和她的家庭被战争分散开了.把好的和坏的分开.She and her family were separated by the war.Separate the good ones from the bad ones.divide分, 划分, 把整体分为若干部分让我们把班组分为四组.一年分为十二个月.Let’s divide our class into four groups.A year is divided into twelve months.他在旅馆里订了个单间.He booked a separate room at a hotel.As we joined the big crowd I got ___ from my friends.separated B. spared
C. lost D. missedat one point 在某处 一度.point可有复数. At one point at the meeting she nearly lost her temper.A traffic accident happened at one point yesterday.Our boss is not satisfied with you at one point.
在某一点上, 我们老板对你不满意。
Cretty was at one point fired by his company.
Cretty一度差一点被公司解雇了。
on the point of doing sth.
正要做…..I was on the point of going to bed when you rang.Between Britain and Ireland in the Irish sea,
lies the small Isle of Man.
=The small Isle of Man lies between Britain and Ireland
in the Irish sea.
倒装句,注意主语我们学校南方有一家餐馆.
1.South of our school lies a restaurant.2.Between the two buildings stands a hospital .在两所房子间有个医院。
3.There live some farmers at the top of the mountain.山顶住着一些农民。
Between Britain and Ireland in the Irish sea, lies the small Isle of Man.
To the southeast of Britain lies the Channel `Islands.
以上两句都是倒装句.表示地点的介词短语或副词here, there, in, out , down, away, back, now, then等放在句首,主语是名词,句子要用全部倒装。
例句① South of our school lies a restaurant.
学校南面有一家餐馆.
②Away went the crowd one by one.
人们一个一个地离去.
考例：In the eastern part of New Jersey , a major shipping center.
A. lies the city of Elizabeth
B. the city of Elizabeth lies there
C. where lies the city of Elizabeth
D. there lying the city of Elizabeth
Key: A
be surrounded by with….
被围绕 包围 The school is surrounded bywith a fence.surrounding adj.
surroundings n.be covered by/withas+adj./adv.+as的用法 表示“﹙可数的量﹚多达”时用as many as；表示“﹙不可数的量﹚多达”时，用as much as。
多达十到十一人被发现生活在一个单间里。 As many as 10 or 11 poople were found living in a single room． 她每周挣的钱达50元。 She earned as much as 50 yuan a week． as far as 表示“和…一样远；远到；据……所知”。
Let’s walk as far as the bus station.让我们走到车站去吧。
As far as I know，7 Chinese were kidnapped. 据我所知，有七名中国人遭到绑架。
[考题15]
(1)一Our holiday cost a 1ot of money．
一Did it?Well，that doesn't matter－－you enjoyed yourselves．
A.as well as B．as good as
C．as far as D．as long as(2002年北京东城区题) [解析] as good as有本义(和……一样好)与比喻义(几乎；差不多已经)。as long as也是如此；“像……一样长；只要(类似于if)”as Well as除了作连词外，还有本义：“和……一样好”。[答案]D
2. The coldest months are January and February while the warmest months are July and August.(2)John plays football ，if not better than，David．
A．as well B．as well as
C．so well D．so well as
[解析] 这是个条件状语从句，由此可知空白处表示“和……一样好”，肯定句中用as wellas，否定句中多用so well as。[答案] B
while 的用法小结1. 在….过程中 从属连词Never get on or off a bus while it is moving.Someone knocked at the door while I was cooking.2. 用做并列连词 而…. You like sports, while I’d rather read.She entered the room while her husband still stayed outside.3. n. 一段时间， 一会”
I have’t seen him for a long while.Para 4The book had a great influence on his life.
The weather in summer influences the rice crops.
What influenced you to do it?
influence v.&n.辨析: influence & affect
affect是指产生足以引起反应的某种作用。
Influence指使行动、思想、性格或举止产生变化。
例句① The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.
气候影响了雨量。
② Don’t be influenced by the bad examples.
不要受坏样子的影响。
influence
n.
1.) 影响,作用[C][U][(+on/upon)]
The influence of climate on crops are self-evident.
气候对农作物的影响是不言而喻的。
2.) 影响力;势力,权势[U]
Mr. Smith is a man of influence in this town.
史密斯先生是这个镇上有权势的人物。
vt.
影响,感化;左右
我不想影响你。你必须自行决定。
I don't want to influence you. You must decide for yourself.
2. Their languages formed the basis for English.
form the basis for 构成/形成…的基础This idea formed the basis for Theory of Relativity.on the basis of … 在．．．的基础上basis 复bases -- v. base
What is the basis of your opinion?
lay a basis for为…打下基础
Four –year college life laid a solid basis for his further improvement.provide a basis for 为…提供依据The result provided a sound basis for further research.辨析: base & basis
base主要指物体基础。
basis用来指非物质方面的基础。
例句 ①That company has offices all over the world, but their base is in Paris.
这个公司的办事处遍布全世界，但本部在巴黎。
②The coccyx is a small bone at the base of the spine.
尾骨是脊骨底部的一块小骨。
③Their arguments have firm basis.
他们的论据有坚实基础。
④There is no scientific basis for these claims.
这些主张没有科学根据。
conquer强调“把对方征服”，而且被征服者或被征服的国家为征服者所有，可以任意支配。
defeat 的含义是“打败”，但被打败者不一定服输。
例句①Some countries may be defeated but can never be conquered.
有的国家可能被打败，但决不能被征服。
②The public bet a lot of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated.
公众为门杜萨下了一大笔赌注，但是他被击败了。
Para 6state n.&v.We must pay taxes to the state.
In America, the law differs from state to state.
The building was in a bad state.
国家州状态v. 陈述，声明，阐明
state your opinion/ problem
n. statement
Para 7They realise that it is of great value to record and
teach them to the younger generation.句中的it 是形式主语be+of+n.= be+adj.
of可以和help, importance, value, age, size, color, weight, shape, height
等名词连用,表示具有某方面的特征.
The meeting is of great importance.very important.译: 高等教育在人生中很重要.A college education is of great value in one’s life.该抽象名词前可以加much，great，little，some，no等词修饰。
Usage of phrases: stand for as it is end up
consist of in general make up as far as
turn out in return for make the most of 1. His breakfast _______ dry bread and a cup of tea
2. You won’t get another chance like this:
_______ _________ it!
3. I like games _______ , and especially football.
4. As we know, one hundred years _________ a
century.
5.--What does WTO __________?
-- The World Tread Organization.consists of make the most of in generalmake up stand for
Usage of phrases: stand for as it is end up
consist of in general make up as far as
turn out in return for make the most of6. Leave the room ________ . Don’t move anything.
7. There was nothing to eat at home so we _________
eating out in KFC.
8. __________ I can judge, the accident was John’s fault, not Ann’s.
9. To our disappointment, the house that they had
promised us __________ to be a tiny flat.
10. Please accept this present ________ all your help.as it is ended up As far as turned out in return for
用炸鱼土豆条，讲演角，大本钟楼和伦敦塔象征英国的时代已经过去了。 句中that引导的从句是同位语从句，它一般跟在某些
名词如belief, fact, hope, idea, news, problem…的后面，
用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导同位语从句的连词在
从句中不充当句子成分.引导同位语从句的词最常见
的是连词that, 此外还有连接副词how, when,
where, why等。
Para 1eg: 1 The possibility that people would have to share rooms was not mentioned.
I have no idea when Jack will be back.
3 He can’t answer the question how he got the money. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
I made a promise that if anyone set me free, I would make him rich.
Mother made a promise that excited her son.stand for代表
(1).The letters “USA ”stand for the United states of America．
“USA”这几个字母代表美利坚合众国。
(2).Do you know what UFO stands for? 你知道UFO代表什么吗?
含stand的词组还有：
How do you stand by and see such wrong doing?
你对这样的错误行为怎能袖手旁观呢?
He will stand by you whatever happens.
不管发生了什么他都支持你。
He stood with us in that debate．
在那场辩论中他站在我们一边.
[考题2]There _____all old temple on the hill．can you see it?
A．1ies B．1ying C．stands D．standing
[解析] 根据语法规则分析可知，本题缺少谓语动词：主语为an old temple，表语为there，所以这是个there be句型，因为B、D两项不可作谓语，所以被排除。stand与lie的区别如下：动词stand可用来表示高形物体位于何处,如:建筑,树,人等.而动词lie用来表示非高形物体位于和处,如地区,国家,河流,田野,铁路等.如:
The house stands on the hiⅡ．这房子坐落在那小山上。
West of the town 1ies a railway．城西有一条铁路。
[答案] C
表示“构成”的三个词组
consist of 构成；由……组成
make up 构成；组成
be made up of 由……构成
Light consists of waves．光由波构成。
A car is made up of many different parts．
一辆小轿车由很多不同的部分组成。
Eleven players make up a football team．
一支足球队由11名队员组成。
The world is seven continents and four oceans．
A．made up of B．made out of
C．made from D．made in (全国高考题) [解析]be made from表示“由……制成”，be made in表示“在……生产”，均不合题意。[答案] A
make(+the)+n+of词组小结
make the most of充分利用/展现
make the best of 好好去做，往好里做
make the worst of在困难情况下?不煤煤酶?
make use of 利用
He wanted to make the most of his chance to learn．
他想充分利用他的机会来学习。
One must learn to make the best of a bad job．
一个人必须要学会把一个坏工作好好地干好。
Do you want to make use of my bicycle?
你想用我的自行车吗 Such good use has been his spare time his English has improved a 1ot．
A．made of：that B．made of；as
C．made in；that D．found in；as
[解析]分析句子结构在解答本题时占极其重要的作用。句中含词组make good use of及句型such that。use被提到句首，后面的组成部分不能少了make与of；另外such good use 也放在句首，表示强调。本句是一个结果状语从句，所以不用引导定语从句的such…as [答案] A
2. do sth. as it is按照事物的原样做某事Tell her the news as it is.A witness must state the facts as they are.
Para 2 1. The British isles are a group of islands that lies off the west coast of Europe. The island just west of Britain is called Ireland.= The island just (which is to) west of Britain
is called Ireland.lie in /on /to/ off 位于……1 Guangdong lies _______ the south of Hubei.
Guangdong lies _________the south of Hunan.
England lies ________ the southeast of Britain.
Japan lies ______the east of China.
Taiwan island lies ______ the east coast of Fujian province.
Nanjing lies ______the Yangtze River.toon/tointoOffon2. The largest island is called Britain, which is separated from France by the English Channel, which at one point is only 20 miles wide.最大的岛叫不列颠岛， 被英吉利海峡与法国隔开，海峡最窄处只有20 英里宽。辨析:separate from & divide into
Separate from强调把相邻或相近的不同物品分开; divide into指把整体分成不同部分。
例句①The Taiwan Straight separates Taiwan from the mainland.
台湾海峡把台湾岛和大陆分开。
②He divided the apple into two halves.
他将苹果分成两半。
separate & divideseparate:分离,把原来连在一起或靠近的部分分开; adj. 单独的,分离的她和她的家庭被战争分散开了.把好的和坏的分开.She and her family were separated by the war.Separate the good ones from the bad ones.divide分, 划分, 把整体分为若干部分让我们把班组分为四组.一年分为十二个月.Let’s divide our class into four groups.A year is divided into twelve months.他在旅馆里订了个单间.He booked a separate room at a hotel.As we joined the big crowd I got ___ from my friends.separated B. spared
C. lost D. missedat one point 在某处 一度.point可有复数. At one point at the meeting she nearly lost her temper.A traffic accident happened at one point yesterday.Our boss is not satisfied with you at one point.
在某一点上, 我们老板对你不满意。
Cretty was at one point fired by his company.
Cretty一度差一点被公司解雇了。
on the point of doing sth.
正要做…..I was on the point of going to bed when you rang.Between Britain and Ireland in the Irish sea,
lies the small Isle of Man.
=The small Isle of Man lies between Britain and Ireland
in the Irish sea.
倒装句,注意主语我们学校南方有一家餐馆.
1.South of our school lies a restaurant.2.Between the two buildings stands a hospital .在两所房子间有个医院。
3.There live some farmers at the top of the mountain.山顶住着一些农民。
Between Britain and Ireland in the Irish sea, lies the small Isle of Man.
To the southeast of Britain lies the Channel `Islands.
以上两句都是倒装句.表示地点的介词短语或副词here, there, in, out , down, away, back, now, then等放在句首,主语是名词,句子要用全部倒装。
例句① South of our school lies a restaurant.
学校南面有一家餐馆.
②Away went the crowd one by one.
人们一个一个地离去.
考例：In the eastern part of New Jersey , a major shipping center.
A. lies the city of Elizabeth
B. the city of Elizabeth lies there
C. where lies the city of Elizabeth
D. there lying the city of Elizabeth
Key: A
be surrounded by with….
被围绕 包围 The school is surrounded bywith a fence.surrounding adj.
surroundings n.be covered by/withas+adj./adv.+as的用法 表示“﹙可数的量﹚多达”时用as many as；表示“﹙不可数的量﹚多达”时，用as much as。
多达十到十一人被发现生活在一个单间里。 As many as 10 or 11 poople were found living in a single room． 她每周挣的钱达50元。 She earned as much as 50 yuan a week． as far as 表示“和…一样远；远到；据……所知”。
Let’s walk as far as the bus station.让我们走到车站去吧。
As far as I know，7 Chinese were kidnapped. 据我所知，有七名中国人遭到绑架。
[考题15]
(1)一Our holiday cost a 1ot of money．
一Did it?Well，that doesn't matter－－you enjoyed yourselves．
A.as well as B．as good as
C．as far as D．as long as(2002年北京东城区题) [解析] as good as有本义(和……一样好)与比喻义(几乎；差不多已经)。as long as也是如此；“像……一样长；只要(类似于if)”as Well as除了作连词外，还有本义：“和……一样好”。[答案]D
2. The coldest months are January and February while the warmest months are July and August.(2)John plays football ，if not better than，David．
A．as well B．as well as
C．so well D．so well as
[解析] 这是个条件状语从句，由此可知空白处表示“和……一样好”，肯定句中用as wellas，否定句中多用so well as。[答案] B
while 的用法小结1. 在….过程中 从属连词Never get on or off a bus while it is moving.Someone knocked at the door while I was cooking.2. 用做并列连词 而…. You like sports, while I’d rather read.She entered the room while her husband still stayed outside.3. n. 一段时间， 一会”
I have’t seen him for a long while.Para 4The book had a great influence on his life.
The weather in summer influences the rice crops.
What influenced you to do it?
influence v.&n.辨析: influence & affect
affect是指产生足以引起反应的某种作用。
Influence指使行动、思想、性格或举止产生变化。
例句① The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.
气候影响了雨量。
② Don’t be influenced by the bad examples.
不要受坏样子的影响。
influence
n.
1.) 影响,作用[C][U][(+on/upon)]
The influence of climate on crops are self-evident.
气候对农作物的影响是不言而喻的。
2.) 影响力;势力,权势[U]
Mr. Smith is a man of influence in this town.
史密斯先生是这个镇上有权势的人物。
vt.
影响,感化;左右
我不想影响你。你必须自行决定。
I don't want to influence you. You must decide for yourself.
2. Their languages formed the basis for English.
form the basis for 构成/形成…的基础This idea formed the basis for Theory of Relativity.on the basis of … 在．．．的基础上basis 复bases -- v. base
What is the basis of your opinion?
lay a basis for为…打下基础
Four –year college life laid a solid basis for his further improvement.provide a basis for 为…提供依据The result provided a sound basis for further research.辨析: base & basis
base主要指物体基础。
basis用来指非物质方面的基础。
例句 ①That company has offices all over the world, but their base is in Paris.
这个公司的办事处遍布全世界，但本部在巴黎。
②The coccyx is a small bone at the base of the spine.
尾骨是脊骨底部的一块小骨。
③Their arguments have firm basis.
他们的论据有坚实基础。
④There is no scientific basis for these claims.
这些主张没有科学根据。
conquer强调“把对方征服”，而且被征服者或被征服的国家为征服者所有，可以任意支配。
defeat 的含义是“打败”，但被打败者不一定服输。
例句①Some countries may be defeated but can never be conquered.
有的国家可能被打败，但决不能被征服。
②The public bet a lot of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated.
公众为门杜萨下了一大笔赌注，但是他被击败了。
Para 6state n.&v.We must pay taxes to the state.
In America, the law differs from state to state.
The building was in a bad state.
国家州状态v. 陈述，声明，阐明
state your opinion/ problem
n. statement
Para 7They realise that it is of great value to record and
teach them to the younger generation.句中的it 是形式主语be+of+n.= be+adj.
of可以和help, importance, value, age, size, color, weight, shape, height
等名词连用,表示具有某方面的特征.
The meeting is of great importance.very important.译: 高等教育在人生中很重要.A college education is of great value in one’s life.该抽象名词前可以加much，great，little，some，no等词修饰。
Usage of phrases: stand for as it is end up
consist of in general make up as far as
turn out in return for make the most of 1. His breakfast _______ dry bread and a cup of tea
2. You won’t get another chance like this:
_______ _________ it!
3. I like games _______ , and especially football.
4. As we know, one hundred years _________ a
century.
5.--What does WTO __________?
-- The World Tread Organization.consists of make the most of in generalmake up stand for
Usage of phrases: stand for as it is end up
consist of in general make up as far as
turn out in return for make the most of6. Leave the room ________ . Don’t move anything.
7. There was nothing to eat at home so we _________
eating out in KFC.
8. __________ I can judge, the accident was John’s fault, not Ann’s.
9. To our disappointment, the house that they had
promised us __________ to be a tiny flat.
10. Please accept this present ________ all your help.as it is ended up As far as turned out in return for