词汇积累[上学期]
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文档简介
课件55张PPT。词汇积累 层次过渡
阶段达标
句中记忆
北京 何国贵 第一层次 初记 –机械记忆
得到认知印象:
一词多意、一词多性
常用词组、固定搭配 一词多意
cloud n.
You will see a sea of cloud.
你将看到一片云海。
A cloud of locusts were dancing on the fields.
有一大群蝗虫在田野上飞舞。
3. The news cast a cloud on her face.
这消息让她脸上蒙上阴云。 一词多意 cloud v. to prevent you from judging fairly or reasonably
I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. Instead, my medical training had clouded mine. (2004年全国卷B篇末段）
clouded her judgment：
made her less able to think clearly含cloud的介词短语in the cloud 在虚无飘渺处，心不在焉
He had his head in the cloud after drinking too much.
under a cloud 受到怀疑, 失体面
He was under a cloud because of his false report.crash1. Her husband was killed in an air crash.（空难）
2. The great financial crash in 1929 ruined international trade.（崩溃，倒闭）
3. Crash diet is no good for us.（速效）
4. He was so tired that he crashed out without taking off his clothes. （熟睡） 一词多性
mean
n. 中等程度、平均值
v. 意思、意味
adj. 卑鄙、吝啬、低劣1. Cold cloudless evenings mean overnight frost.
寒冷无云的夜晚意味着整夜的冰冻。
2.The bullet had been meant for me.
子弹本是冲我来的。
3.-What’s that meant to be a picture of ? 这图片是干什么用的？
-Sorry. It was meant to be funny.
对不起。就是好玩。4. She was so mean with money.
她用钱十分吝啬。
5. Shirly was no mean a singer.
舍利曾是一个非常好的歌手。
6. Organize such a successful event was no mean task.
组织如此成功的大会是非常困难的任务。
7. You’d better choose a mean between frankness and rudeness.
你最好在坦诚和唐突之间取其中间。第二层次 精确理解
进入做题阶段，
进行语境确认。1.The narrow streets were never ____ for the heavy traffic.
A. used B. meant
C. built D. wanted
(B)2. You are to set free all the prisoners of war before we ___ the cease-fire agreement.
make B. sign
C. take D. get
(B)
3. Avoid smoky rooms and cars. Such places certainly___headaches, and the smoke may be doing you quite serious long-term damage.
A. increase B. produce
C. endanger D. encourage
(D)
encourage:促进 ?第三层次 重新组合，灵活运用
进入词语运用状态，
将词语变成可以随意调遣的东西。说出和写出About private cars
take road conveniently
develop the cars industry friendly
contribute to the air pollution
cause more traffic accidents In recent years the number of private cars has been increasing rapidly in our country. In 1990, there were about one million private cars. As time went on, the number of private cars went up to 5 million in 1999. Now there are more than ten million private cars in China. Of course a car is very convenient. We can go any place more quickly. Besides,the increase of the number of private cars can help car industry develop faster. However, more cars may cause more traffic accidents and more air pollution. What’s more, waste gas from cars do great harm to our health.
We do hope people will pay enough attention to the problems.
Bicycles are an environmentally friendly means of transportation that should not be banned. 发挥理解力和联想力的作用 提高达标内化效率音形联想
结构联想
意义联想
搭配联想
情景联想…… 音形联想记忆： ear dear hear fear tear deer
air affair chair declare prepare rare share spare millionaire compare spare / entire retire tired
garden pardon kindergarten
mouth house loud amount around bounce ground pronounce surround
decision conclusion permission revision author color harbor labor / dollar grammar popular regular similar scholar solar sugar
eight height slight weight
failure figure / pleasure treasure
capture culture agriculture gesture nature signature temperature
结构联想记忆—构词法运用 1. 词根派生词性转换 arrive—arrival; appear-appearance
decide—decision; describe—description ;
differ---difference ; explain—explanation
invite-invitation; repeat-- repetition
medical--medicine prove—proof ;
perform– performance; post -- postage
personal-- personality ; refer-- reference词形转换：fail -- failure face – facial
express--expression succeed - success
weigh – weight expect – expectation
brave – bravery comfort –comfortable
connect –connection correct –correction
educate – education graduate – graduation
possible --possibility popular—popularity
real—realityapologize – apology absence--absent
perform – performance
special –specialize musical –musician
exhibit – exhibition pollute -pollution
determine – determination
devote – devotion deep – depth
silence –silent sharp - sharpen2. 前缀
bicycle bipolar bilateral biology biweekly
disappear disagree dishonest disadvantage discount discourage
imperfect imprison impossible impolite
income inexpensive independent 前缀:
preview prewar prepaid
enlarge enable ensure endanger
recycle reunite rewrite react repay
illegal illimitable illiterate
unfortunate unequal unthinkable
unforgettable unemployable前缀：
irregular irresistible irresponsible
misunderstand mislead misfortune miscount misdate
microscope microphone
telescope television telephone
3.后缀
hopeful meaningful delightful painful helpful peaceful mouthful handful harmful
nervousness kindness illness happiness
announcement argument arrangement development encouragement payment
readable acceptable reasonable suitable quarrelsome troublesome tiresome lengthen sharpen shorten strengthenconstruction examination explanation production information preparation contribution conversation
actually exactly extremely frequently immediately particularly similarly usually personally publicly possibly
hopeless careless homeless tasteless
brotherhood childhood neighborhood
hardship friendship leadership warshipdecision discussion permission division
environmental cultural industrial judgmental logical official social personal political racial
sincerely quality quantity ability responsibility possibility
future culture agriculture furniture 4.前后缀：
unconditional ; nonjudgmental ;
unbelievable ; uncomfortable ;
unforgettable ; imprisonment ;
international ; encouragement ;
unsuccessful
4.合成
aircraft headache network quarrelsome fisherman effort-making cost-effective highway high-tech Internet-connected scholarship software statesman toothache motorcycle passport videophone wildlife widespread thunderstorm software supermarket sunshine 意义联想记忆
vegetable: tomato; potato; carrot; cabbage…
fruits: apple; pear; peach; grape; water-melon; banana…
facilities: computer; camera; mobile…
transportation: bicycle; car;bus; truck; ship; plane; train; spacecraft…意义联想记忆vegetable: tomato; potato; carrot; cabbage…
fruits: apple; pear; peach; grape; water-melon; banana…
facilities: computer; camera; mobile…
transportation: bicycle; car;bus; truck; ship; plane; train; spacecraft…搭配联想记忆 be ready for; be famous for;
responsible for; be grateful for;
make up for; prepare for; head for;
wait for; have a gift for;…
laugh at; arrive at; knock at;
be good at; glance at;date back to; look forward to ; key to apologize to; apply oneself to; respect to; be used to; be friendly to ; get up to; contribute …to; pay attention to; write to; turn to; due to ; live up to ; be equal to ;devote … to; be sentenced to ; refer to; help oneself to; next to; answer to; lead to; owe to; defer to; add up to; connect to; compare to; stick to;…
（30个）take advantage of; take the place of; make use of ; be aware of ; take care of ; make fun of ; be proud of; think of;
run out of; …
in need of ; be free of ; be kind of ;
in search of ; in case of ; instead of;
prevent…from; result from ;
absent from; escape …from;
excuse from ; differ from ;
learn from ; separate…from;
different from; hear from;
break away from; apart from; connect with; compare with;
catch up with; be strict with ; begin with
agree with; deal with ; fill with;
be satisfied with; go on with; do away with;
have fun with; put up with;
help sb. with sth. ; provide …with;
keep up with; shake hands with…do well in; give in;
be interested in; show interest in
be busy in; succeed in;
have difficult in doing;
hand in; bring in; call in; drop in;
fill in; join in; let in; advise… on;
base on; hold on; carry on;
congratulate…on; depend on;
insist on; live on; go on; get on;
bring on; hang on; put on; turn on;
spend…onturn out; carry out,; put out; send out;
point out; pick out; figure out ;
make out; die out; give out; find out;
hold out; look out; let out; sell out;
set out; take out; try out ; work out;
bring out; get out; go out;…
crash out:sleep soundlybreak up ; bring up; build up;
call up; clean up; cut up;
get up; give up; go up; grow up;
hang up; hold up; hurry up; keep up;
look up; make up; open up;
send up; set up; speed up;
take up; turn up; wrap up ; wake up;…动词短语：
get oneself into shape; go ahead;
leave a message; make progress;
keep in touch with; have a good time;
feel like doing; do one’s best;
make up one’s mind; let alone;
be used to sth.; used to do; take place…词组、短语：
first of all; little by little; side by side; shoulder by shoulder; from time to time; generally speaking; as a result; as far as I am concerned; for example; for instance; above all; up and down; day and night; from then on; sooner or later; now that; so far as; so long as; now and then; more or less; more often than not; nowhere near; up and down;… in advance; in a word; in other word; in my opinion; in addition to; in order to; in general ; in this way; in advance; in public; in safety; in short ; in space; in peace; in ruins; in case (of); in search of; in shape of;
according to; due to; owe to ; 介词短语：
in advance; in case ; in common; in front of
in addition (to); in my opinion; in safety;
in general; in prison; in space; in search of;
in peace; in public; in ruins; in surprise;
in the end; in time; in fact; in all; in debt;
in danger; in a hurry; in a word;
in shape of; in need of;… 用法联想 --- 同义近意: He made up his mind to write a book.
He decided to write a book.
He paid me a visit last month.
He visited me last month.
Susan won an open scholarship.
Susan succeeded in gaining an open scholarship.
反义
1. They found the exit without difficulty.
They found the exit easily.
2. Can you lend me ten dollars till Sunday?
Can I borrow you ten dollars till Sunday?
3. Elephant is not a lonely animal.
Elephant is a social animal.
多词一意 choose / select / pick / prefer
seize / grasp/ grab / catch / clutch
show / display/ exhibit
fire / light / kindle / ignite
be able to / be capable of /
情景联想记忆
Travel
experienceby trainby airby shipWonderful places
of interestpartners
friendsScience
& tech
feelingsculture坚持词语在句子文段中理解记忆；
通过听读写反复强化达到内化。
做到：
每日听写、读写以句段为单位的背记。
达标完成：拼读、朗读单词3000；
搭配、短语（400）
A Word A Dayair:播放，放映
The television network filming it was flooded with calls after the incident was aired.
节目播出后，摄制该事件的电视台接了无数观众的电话。A Word A Day2. screen:放映，拍摄
The results suggest that many fans can’t remember speeches from films that were first screened 20 years ago as they are rarely shown on television.
结果显示，许多影迷记不住20年前首次放映的影片台词，因为它们很少在电视上播出。A Word A Day After the milk powder went on sale, it was snapped up within one hour.
这种奶粉降价后一个小时就被抢购一空。
Will technological advances drive up unemployment?
技术进步会使失业人数增加吗？A Word A Day The government took a series of measures to defuse tension in this region.
政府采取了一系列措施来缓和这个地区的紧张局势。
The Prime Minister is to meet his European counterparts to discuss the war on drugs.
首相将会见欧洲国家的首脑，共同商讨禁毒事宜。
阶段达标
句中记忆
北京 何国贵 第一层次 初记 –机械记忆
得到认知印象:
一词多意、一词多性
常用词组、固定搭配 一词多意
cloud n.
You will see a sea of cloud.
你将看到一片云海。
A cloud of locusts were dancing on the fields.
有一大群蝗虫在田野上飞舞。
3. The news cast a cloud on her face.
这消息让她脸上蒙上阴云。 一词多意 cloud v. to prevent you from judging fairly or reasonably
I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. Instead, my medical training had clouded mine. (2004年全国卷B篇末段）
clouded her judgment：
made her less able to think clearly含cloud的介词短语in the cloud 在虚无飘渺处，心不在焉
He had his head in the cloud after drinking too much.
under a cloud 受到怀疑, 失体面
He was under a cloud because of his false report.crash1. Her husband was killed in an air crash.（空难）
2. The great financial crash in 1929 ruined international trade.（崩溃，倒闭）
3. Crash diet is no good for us.（速效）
4. He was so tired that he crashed out without taking off his clothes. （熟睡） 一词多性
mean
n. 中等程度、平均值
v. 意思、意味
adj. 卑鄙、吝啬、低劣1. Cold cloudless evenings mean overnight frost.
寒冷无云的夜晚意味着整夜的冰冻。
2.The bullet had been meant for me.
子弹本是冲我来的。
3.-What’s that meant to be a picture of ? 这图片是干什么用的？
-Sorry. It was meant to be funny.
对不起。就是好玩。4. She was so mean with money.
她用钱十分吝啬。
5. Shirly was no mean a singer.
舍利曾是一个非常好的歌手。
6. Organize such a successful event was no mean task.
组织如此成功的大会是非常困难的任务。
7. You’d better choose a mean between frankness and rudeness.
你最好在坦诚和唐突之间取其中间。第二层次 精确理解
进入做题阶段，
进行语境确认。1.The narrow streets were never ____ for the heavy traffic.
A. used B. meant
C. built D. wanted
(B)2. You are to set free all the prisoners of war before we ___ the cease-fire agreement.
make B. sign
C. take D. get
(B)
3. Avoid smoky rooms and cars. Such places certainly___headaches, and the smoke may be doing you quite serious long-term damage.
A. increase B. produce
C. endanger D. encourage
(D)
encourage:促进 ?第三层次 重新组合，灵活运用
进入词语运用状态，
将词语变成可以随意调遣的东西。说出和写出About private cars
take road conveniently
develop the cars industry friendly
contribute to the air pollution
cause more traffic accidents In recent years the number of private cars has been increasing rapidly in our country. In 1990, there were about one million private cars. As time went on, the number of private cars went up to 5 million in 1999. Now there are more than ten million private cars in China. Of course a car is very convenient. We can go any place more quickly. Besides,the increase of the number of private cars can help car industry develop faster. However, more cars may cause more traffic accidents and more air pollution. What’s more, waste gas from cars do great harm to our health.
We do hope people will pay enough attention to the problems.
Bicycles are an environmentally friendly means of transportation that should not be banned. 发挥理解力和联想力的作用 提高达标内化效率音形联想
结构联想
意义联想
搭配联想
情景联想…… 音形联想记忆： ear dear hear fear tear deer
air affair chair declare prepare rare share spare millionaire compare spare / entire retire tired
garden pardon kindergarten
mouth house loud amount around bounce ground pronounce surround
decision conclusion permission revision author color harbor labor / dollar grammar popular regular similar scholar solar sugar
eight height slight weight
failure figure / pleasure treasure
capture culture agriculture gesture nature signature temperature
结构联想记忆—构词法运用 1. 词根派生词性转换 arrive—arrival; appear-appearance
decide—decision; describe—description ;
differ---difference ; explain—explanation
invite-invitation; repeat-- repetition
medical--medicine prove—proof ;
perform– performance; post -- postage
personal-- personality ; refer-- reference词形转换：fail -- failure face – facial
express--expression succeed - success
weigh – weight expect – expectation
brave – bravery comfort –comfortable
connect –connection correct –correction
educate – education graduate – graduation
possible --possibility popular—popularity
real—realityapologize – apology absence--absent
perform – performance
special –specialize musical –musician
exhibit – exhibition pollute -pollution
determine – determination
devote – devotion deep – depth
silence –silent sharp - sharpen2. 前缀
bicycle bipolar bilateral biology biweekly
disappear disagree dishonest disadvantage discount discourage
imperfect imprison impossible impolite
income inexpensive independent 前缀:
preview prewar prepaid
enlarge enable ensure endanger
recycle reunite rewrite react repay
illegal illimitable illiterate
unfortunate unequal unthinkable
unforgettable unemployable前缀：
irregular irresistible irresponsible
misunderstand mislead misfortune miscount misdate
microscope microphone
telescope television telephone
3.后缀
hopeful meaningful delightful painful helpful peaceful mouthful handful harmful
nervousness kindness illness happiness
announcement argument arrangement development encouragement payment
readable acceptable reasonable suitable quarrelsome troublesome tiresome lengthen sharpen shorten strengthenconstruction examination explanation production information preparation contribution conversation
actually exactly extremely frequently immediately particularly similarly usually personally publicly possibly
hopeless careless homeless tasteless
brotherhood childhood neighborhood
hardship friendship leadership warshipdecision discussion permission division
environmental cultural industrial judgmental logical official social personal political racial
sincerely quality quantity ability responsibility possibility
future culture agriculture furniture 4.前后缀：
unconditional ; nonjudgmental ;
unbelievable ; uncomfortable ;
unforgettable ; imprisonment ;
international ; encouragement ;
unsuccessful
4.合成
aircraft headache network quarrelsome fisherman effort-making cost-effective highway high-tech Internet-connected scholarship software statesman toothache motorcycle passport videophone wildlife widespread thunderstorm software supermarket sunshine 意义联想记忆
vegetable: tomato; potato; carrot; cabbage…
fruits: apple; pear; peach; grape; water-melon; banana…
facilities: computer; camera; mobile…
transportation: bicycle; car;bus; truck; ship; plane; train; spacecraft…意义联想记忆vegetable: tomato; potato; carrot; cabbage…
fruits: apple; pear; peach; grape; water-melon; banana…
facilities: computer; camera; mobile…
transportation: bicycle; car;bus; truck; ship; plane; train; spacecraft…搭配联想记忆 be ready for; be famous for;
responsible for; be grateful for;
make up for; prepare for; head for;
wait for; have a gift for;…
laugh at; arrive at; knock at;
be good at; glance at;date back to; look forward to ; key to apologize to; apply oneself to; respect to; be used to; be friendly to ; get up to; contribute …to; pay attention to; write to; turn to; due to ; live up to ; be equal to ;devote … to; be sentenced to ; refer to; help oneself to; next to; answer to; lead to; owe to; defer to; add up to; connect to; compare to; stick to;…
（30个）take advantage of; take the place of; make use of ; be aware of ; take care of ; make fun of ; be proud of; think of;
run out of; …
in need of ; be free of ; be kind of ;
in search of ; in case of ; instead of;
prevent…from; result from ;
absent from; escape …from;
excuse from ; differ from ;
learn from ; separate…from;
different from; hear from;
break away from; apart from; connect with; compare with;
catch up with; be strict with ; begin with
agree with; deal with ; fill with;
be satisfied with; go on with; do away with;
have fun with; put up with;
help sb. with sth. ; provide …with;
keep up with; shake hands with…do well in; give in;
be interested in; show interest in
be busy in; succeed in;
have difficult in doing;
hand in; bring in; call in; drop in;
fill in; join in; let in; advise… on;
base on; hold on; carry on;
congratulate…on; depend on;
insist on; live on; go on; get on;
bring on; hang on; put on; turn on;
spend…onturn out; carry out,; put out; send out;
point out; pick out; figure out ;
make out; die out; give out; find out;
hold out; look out; let out; sell out;
set out; take out; try out ; work out;
bring out; get out; go out;…
crash out:sleep soundlybreak up ; bring up; build up;
call up; clean up; cut up;
get up; give up; go up; grow up;
hang up; hold up; hurry up; keep up;
look up; make up; open up;
send up; set up; speed up;
take up; turn up; wrap up ; wake up;…动词短语：
get oneself into shape; go ahead;
leave a message; make progress;
keep in touch with; have a good time;
feel like doing; do one’s best;
make up one’s mind; let alone;
be used to sth.; used to do; take place…词组、短语：
first of all; little by little; side by side; shoulder by shoulder; from time to time; generally speaking; as a result; as far as I am concerned; for example; for instance; above all; up and down; day and night; from then on; sooner or later; now that; so far as; so long as; now and then; more or less; more often than not; nowhere near; up and down;… in advance; in a word; in other word; in my opinion; in addition to; in order to; in general ; in this way; in advance; in public; in safety; in short ; in space; in peace; in ruins; in case (of); in search of; in shape of;
according to; due to; owe to ; 介词短语：
in advance; in case ; in common; in front of
in addition (to); in my opinion; in safety;
in general; in prison; in space; in search of;
in peace; in public; in ruins; in surprise;
in the end; in time; in fact; in all; in debt;
in danger; in a hurry; in a word;
in shape of; in need of;… 用法联想 --- 同义近意: He made up his mind to write a book.
He decided to write a book.
He paid me a visit last month.
He visited me last month.
Susan won an open scholarship.
Susan succeeded in gaining an open scholarship.
反义
1. They found the exit without difficulty.
They found the exit easily.
2. Can you lend me ten dollars till Sunday?
Can I borrow you ten dollars till Sunday?
3. Elephant is not a lonely animal.
Elephant is a social animal.
多词一意 choose / select / pick / prefer
seize / grasp/ grab / catch / clutch
show / display/ exhibit
fire / light / kindle / ignite
be able to / be capable of /
情景联想记忆
Travel
experienceby trainby airby shipWonderful places
of interestpartners
friendsScience
& tech
feelingsculture坚持词语在句子文段中理解记忆；
通过听读写反复强化达到内化。
做到：
每日听写、读写以句段为单位的背记。
达标完成：拼读、朗读单词3000；
搭配、短语（400）
A Word A Dayair:播放，放映
The television network filming it was flooded with calls after the incident was aired.
节目播出后，摄制该事件的电视台接了无数观众的电话。A Word A Day2. screen:放映，拍摄
The results suggest that many fans can’t remember speeches from films that were first screened 20 years ago as they are rarely shown on television.
结果显示，许多影迷记不住20年前首次放映的影片台词，因为它们很少在电视上播出。A Word A Day After the milk powder went on sale, it was snapped up within one hour.
这种奶粉降价后一个小时就被抢购一空。
Will technological advances drive up unemployment?
技术进步会使失业人数增加吗？A Word A Day The government took a series of measures to defuse tension in this region.
政府采取了一系列措施来缓和这个地区的紧张局势。
The Prime Minister is to meet his European counterparts to discuss the war on drugs.
首相将会见欧洲国家的首脑，共同商讨禁毒事宜。