课件51张PPT。 人教修订版
高中三年级
Unit 9ListeningRevision 1. Who can say something about
WHO?
The World Health Organization is
the United Nations’ specialized agency
for health. It was established on April
7th, 1948. WHO’s objective is to realize
the highest possible level of health of all people in the world. Health is defined in WHO’s Constitution as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. WHO is governed by 192 member states through the World Health Assembly. The Health Assembly is composed of representatives from WHO’s Member States. The main tasks of the World Health Assembly are to approve the WHO programme and the budget for the following biennium and to decide major policy questions. 2. Do you think that WHO plays an important role in improving the world’s health? You can explain the reason by giving examples.
I think WHO plays an important role in improving the world’s health. For example, last winter, a terrible tsunami broke out in the Indian Ocean. A large number of people lost their lives in the disaster, and there were also a huge number of people who lost their homes.
Many of them suffered from bad
living conditions and bad sanitation, thus terrible plague broke out there. WHO was one of the first ones to give help to the people, and it did make a difference. Listening
alcohol:
drug abuse:
outbreak: wine.using drug wrongly or
improperlya sudden eruption of something Part 1 Part 2 Listening TextPart 1
The World Health Organisation, or WHO, was created by the United Nations in 1948. The goal of the WHO is to help people all over the world to live a healthy life. In order to reach this goal, the WHO runs programmesto fight diseases, improve sanitation, and stop alcohol, tobacco and other drug abuse.
One of the WHO’s greatest successes to date is playing a major part in freeing the world from smallpox, which was once a feared disease. Theorganisation has also helped limit the bad influence of new diseases like SARS and HIV/AIDS.
The defeat of smallpox is a good example of how the WHO works. Smallpox is a contagious disease that causes blindness and even death. In the 10th century, Chinese doctors
discovered that healthy people who were given small doses of smallpox became immune to the disease. At the time, however, this method was not safe and didn’t always work. Later, in the 18th century, a British doctor found a safer way to protect people against the disease. But it was not until 1967, when the WHO started a large programme to fight smallpox, that people could get protection in an easy and safe way. The WHO programme reached people everywhere and put a stop to the spread of the disease. In 1977, the last smallpox case occurred. Three years later. With no new cases, the WHO declared that the world was free from smallpox.Part 2
The WHO is also working to prevent and treat diseases like AIDS and polio. Several programmes exist that are aimed at improving health care in the world and protecting people against new diseases. In 2003, the world saw a new and frightening disease. An unknown virus infected people in China and many people died of it. Scientists and doctors soon discovered the virus and called it SARS. Because of modern transportation, SARS quickly spread to other parts of the world. Canada and China were among the worst affected areas. The governments tried their best to stop the disease from spreading and quickly arranged hospitals, nurses and doctors to treat the SARS victims. People who were travelling had to check their temperatures and tell where they were going and whom they would visit. The WHO played an important role. It worked together with the governments to control the outbreak. As an international organisation with many years of experience of dealing with diseases, the WHO could provide warnings, information and help. As a result, the disease was controlled and prevention measures were put in place to make sure that any new outbreak could be dealt with in a good way. Can you list some other international
organizations? And what are their
functions?
SA: I want to say something about
UNESCO, which stands for the
United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organiza-
tion. It was founded on
November 16th, 1945. Today,
UNESCO functions as a
laboratory of ideas and a
standard-setter to forge universal
agreements on emerging ethical
issues. The Organization also
serves as a clearinghouse — for
the dissemination and sharingof information and knowledge — while helping Member States to build their human and institutional capacities in diverse fields. In short, UNESCO promotes international co-operation among its 191 Member States and six Associate Members in the fields of education,
science, culture and communication.
SB: I want to talk about UN. UN stands
for the United Nations, it was
established on October 24th, 1945
by 51 countries. Its fun_ction is to
preserve peace through international cooperation and
collective security. Today, there
are 191 countries which are the
members of the UN.Listening on P209Common Cold I think most of us have the experience of suffering from the common cold. It is caused by viruses. Sneezing, scratchy throat, runny nose usually are the first signs of a cold. The common cold is usually mild, with symptoms lasting 1 to 2 weeks. To protect ourselves, we should try to avoid going to public places often.Cancer We all know that certain changes in our cells can cause cancer. Some kinds of cancer are caused by things people do. Smoking can cause cancers of the lungs, mouth, throat, and several other organs. Radiation can cause cancer. Too much exposure to sunlight without any protection can cause skin cancer. Nowadays, cancer is still a disease that cannot be cured. So we should pay more attention to our life style.
AIDS AIDS is caused by the virus HIV. If a person gets AIDS, his or her immune system will be destroyed, and he or she will become sick, at last, he or she will die.SARS Coronavirus is the cause of SARS. I think SARS is the most serious disease. Because once a person is infected, if he gets no proper treatment, he will die. When SRAS is spreading, the best way to protect us is to stay at home and have a good life style.Bird Flu Bird flu is caused by different subtypes of influenza, a virus affecting chickens, ducks and other birds, which can cause mild disease. It can mutate into viruses that can cause serious disease. It is very serious, and many people died of it. Part 1 Part 2Listening TextPart 1
In 2004, the Word Health Organisation, WHO, warned of a possible outbreak of another serious disease which may be even more deadly than SARS. The WHO believes that it is likely that bird fluwill spread to human beings in the next few years. If it does, up to seven million people could die from the disease.
Diseases like bird flu are caused by viruses, that is, tiny things which change and become more dangerous over time. When a new type of acommon virus changes, it may be able to get past the body’s immune system. If that happens, humans are in great danger until a cure or treatment becomes available.
There have always been viruses and people always get sick, of course, but as we saw with SARS, the situation ismore difficult today. People travel more than over before, which means that the diseases can spread quickly and across large areas — in fact the whole world.
Scientists are already working on drugs that will prevent or limit the effect of a new virus, but the processtakes time. It is just as important to make sure that countries, especially poor countries, are prepared to deal with the disease. New diseases usually affect poor areas the most, so we must help develop health care in all countries. One reason for the WHO warning is that big new diseases tend to happen regularly, usually every 20 to 30 years. In the 20th century, there were three large outbreaks: the Spanish flu in 1918-19, which killed between 20 and 40 million people; the Asian flu of 1957, killing one million people; and the 1968 Hong Kong flu, which killed about 750,000 people. It has been 36 years since the Hong Kong flu, so scientists and doctors think that the next deadly challenge is just around the corner. Part 2
There are three kinds of viruses that cause flu: A, B and C. Type A is the virus that causes bird flu. As the name suggests, the virus is usually found in birds. It can also infect humans, pigs, horses and other animals. There are several different kinds of the Type A virus. Type B viruses are usually found only in human beings. They have been responsible for some flu outbreaks, but they are not considered as dangerous as Type A viruses. Type C viruses are not considered very serious. They are found in humans, but do not cause serious illnesses. The most dangerous thing about the flu viruses is that they change, When humans are infected with a virus, the body develops a defence for it. If viruses didn’t change, we would not have the worry about the viruses we know. Unfortunately, every new generation of virus is slightly different from the older ones. That means that our body doesn’t recognise the virus and can’t protect itself from it. This kind of change is not very fast and doctors and scientists can change the medicines we use to help prevent the virus from causing serious illness. The other kind of change, however, happens very quickly and is more serious. If a virus changes in this way and becomes a new type of virus, the body is defenceless. The virus can spread easily from one person to another and reach far across the world. Fortunately, this kind of changedoesn’t happen very often.
The WHO now believes that a new, dangerous virus will appear soon and that we must prepare the best we can. We must improve health care in all countries and cooperate with each other so that we can discover and prevent new viruses.课件38张PPT。 人教修订版
高中三年级
Unit 9Word Study Ⅰ Ⅱ
1. statistics A. hospital
2. income B. data
3. hopeless C. wages
4. fundamental D. desperate
5. clinic E. burden
6. pressure F. essentialPart 1Part 2
make ends meet: 使收支相抵;量入为出
e.g. Being out of work and having two
young children, they found it
impossible to make ends meet.Conditional Clause Main clause present If + subject + did / were Subject + could / would / might / should do GrammarpastIf + subject +had done Subject + could /would / might / should have done Conditional Clause Main clause Conditional Clause Main clause future If + subject +did / should / were to Subject + could / would / might /should do 注：
If the conditional clause includes auxiliary verb (had, should, were)，we can omit the word “if”, and then put the auxiliary verb before the subject. (inversion)
e.g. 1) If I were at school again, I would
work harder.
— Were I at school again, I
would work harder.
2) If you had followed the doctor’s
advice, you would be quite all right
now.
— You would be quite all right now had you followed the doctor’s advice.
3) If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go there.
— Should it rain tomorrow, I would not go there. 1. Subjunctive Mood used in the subject clauses of the sentence type “It is natural / necessary / important / imperative / strange / impossible ... that ...”:More usagee.g. 1) It is important that we
(should) learn English well.
2) It is necessary that we
(should) set out right away.
3) It is strange that he (should)
have failed in the exam.
4) It is impossible that I (should) have done this.
5) It is imperative that we (should) finish the work.
2. In the object clauses of the verb “wish” and “would rather”:e.g. 1) I wish I were a college student.
—In fact I am not a college
student.
2) We wish we had taken his
advice.
— In fact we didn’t take his
advice.3) I wish I could fly to the moon.
— In fact I will be unable to fly to
the moon.
4) I would rather
you paid me now.
you painted the wall green next time.
you hadn’t done that yesterday. 3. In the object clauses of the verbs “demand, order, require, request, propose, suggest, insist ...”:
e.g. 1) He demanded that we (should)
tell him everything about it.
2) The chairman proposed that
we (should) discuss the question. 3) He suggested that the sports meet (should) be put off until May.
Compare：His accent suggested that he was from the south.
4) They insisted that the paintings
(should) be sold at high prices.
Compare：He insisted that he was
right. 4. In the adverbial clauses led by “as
if / though”:
e.g. 1) He looks as if he were an artist.
— In fact he isn’t an artist.
2) It looks as if it might rain
— The chance of rain is small. Compare：
It looks as if it is going to rain.
— It is likely to rain.
3) He talked as if he had been to
London.
—In fact he didn’t go to London.
5. In the sentence type “It is (about,
high) time that ...”:
e.g. It is time we went to bed.
6. In simple sentences expressing
one’s wish:
e.g. May you be happy!ConsolidationA. When Subjunctive Mood is used in
adverbial clause of condition, just remember the form.
B. Subjunctive Mood with the verb in its base form (do). These situations include: a. In the subject clauses of the sentence type “It is natural (necessary, important, imperative, strange ...) that ...”
b. In the object clauses of the verbs
“demand, require, request, order, propose, insist, suggest, ...”
c. In the appositive clauses of the nouns “demand, suggestion, order, proposal, recommendation, advice, resolution ...”
e.g. Steven should obey the doctors’
advice that he (should) have a
small operation. d. In simple sentences expressing one’s wish.
e. In adverbial clauses led by conjunctions “in case, lest, for fear that”
e.g. The games will be postponed lest
it should rain.C. Subjunctive Mood with the verb in its past or past perfect form. These situations include:
a. In the object clauses of the verb
“wish”
b. In the adverbial clauses led by “as
if / though” c. In the sentence type “It is (about,
high) time that ...”
d. In the sentence type “If only ...”
e.g. If only she knew / had known
where to find you.
e. In the object clauses following
“would rather, would prefer, had
rather, ...”
e.g. I would rather that you posted
the letter. (indicating the
present time) Wife: If my husband hadn’t been
caught in the rain, he _____
_________________.
Nothing would have happened
to him if he ________________
________________. would
not have got a fever had not visited his friend on SaturdayEx.1 on P78Driver: You ____________________
_____________________.
Headmaster: I could have had a good
interpreter if _________
_____________.
If I were you, I ________
_____________________
_________. could have taken good
care of yourself that day you hadn’t
had a bad cold would not have visited the friend on SaturdayWriter: How I wish I ____________
___ go to Canada with you.
If it hadn’t rained, I __________
____________.
would be fine
and would not have got ickEx.2 on P78
1. If Mathilde had not borrowed the
necklace from Jeanne, ____________
________________________________.
2. If Mathilde had not lost her
necklace at the ball, ____________
_________________________________
_______________. she would not
have been more attractive at the ball she would not
have had to buy a new one with a lot of
money borrowed3. If Jeanne had told Mathilde that
the necklace was made of glass,
_____________________________
_____.
4. If Mathilde had just agreed to
wear a flower at the ball, _________
_______________________________
__________.Mathilde would not have been so
sorry she would
not have had to borrow the necklace
from Jeane5. If Mathilde husband had been
wealthy, _____________________
__________________. she would not have lived
such a miserable lifeEx.3 on P78
I: Let’s go for a walk.
Nancy: ________________________
__________________.
Suggestion: __________________
_____________________________. If I went for a walk, I would
be tried very quickly We could walk slowly
and have a rest form time to time Nancy:_________________________
____________________.
Suggestion:_____________________
________________________________
_________.
I would not be able to rest if
the seat were too small We could find a special
chair that is bigger and stronger than
the othersI: Let’s find a seat and rest a little.Nancy:________________________
_____________________________
_____.
Suggestion:_____________________
________.
If I went to have lunch with
you, I would worry about getting
fatter We could eat something
low in fatI: Let’s go and have lunch together!Nancy:________________________
______________________________
___.
Suggestion:___________________
_________________. If I went to a party, people
would stare at me and make fun of
me We could ignore them
and enjoy ourselvesI: Do you feel like going to a party
tonight?Homework1. Review the grammar.
2. Finish the exercises in
GRAMMAR of the
WORKBOOK.
